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Sansone NMS, Vitta E, Siqueira BA, Marson FAL. Overview of the Indigenous health of the Yanomami ethnic group in Brazil: A Public Health Emergency. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-01978-2. [PMID: 38532175 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-01978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Indigenous population of the Yanomami ethnic group in Brazil is currently facing a public health emergency due to the high number of deaths, mainly of children. Taking that into consideration, this study aims to analyze this crisis impact on the health of this population in the period between 2018 and 2022. METHODS The data presented were collected from the report called Yanomami Mission ("Missão Yanomami") published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health and, from it, a descriptive analysis of the Indigenous individuals' health was carried out for (i) the geographical distribution; ii) the number of deaths; (iii) the child death rate; (iv) the deaths of Indigenous individuals from preventable causes; (v) the causes of preventable diseases related to hygiene and basic sanitation, and the distribution of diarrheal diseases according to age groups; (vi) evaluation of the nutritional classification; vii) the percentage (%) of the complete vaccination scheme, and (viii) the coverage of prenatal appointments of Indigenous pregnant women. RESULTS The report included 31,017 individuals belonging to the Yanomami ethnic group, most of the participants were up to 39 years old (N = 26,377; 85.0%) and men (N = 15,836; 51.1%). During the period described in the report, the number of deaths reached 1285/31,017 (4.1%). When analyzing the deaths, the most representative age groups were those of children under 1 year old (505/1285; 39.9%), from 1 to 4 years old (178/1285; 13.8%), and the elderly from 60 to 79 years old (150/1285; 11.6%). The Indigenous individuals from this ethnic group presented a child death rate ~ 1.5 to 3.5 higher than that of the total Indigenous population in the country. Regarding the child death rate, the neonatal component represented 57.8% of the deaths and, in 2022, 93.0% of the pregnant women had less than six prenatal appointments. This population shows a high number of deaths due to preventable causes (N = 538) and cases of illnesses associated with hygiene and sanitation, for example (N = 35,103 cases/notifications). As for vaccination, the full vaccination scheme targeting children below 5 years old has not been met since 2018. CONCLUSION In the Indigenous population of the Yanomami ethnic group, a high number of deaths was observed, which affected mainly individuals under 1 year old. Among the factors associated with the deaths, mainly in children under 5 years old, most cases have preventable causes, which could be reduced by proper action promoting their health and preventing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduarda Vitta
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory, University of São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Aparecida Siqueira
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory, University of São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hazarika CR, Babu BV. Prevalence of Hypertension in Indian Tribal Population: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:451-467. [PMID: 36752902 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a serious condition that significantly increases the risks of several cardiovascular diseases. An estimated 1.28 billion adults aged 30-79 years worldwide have hypertension, and two-thirds of them live in low- and middle-income countries. Indigenous (tribal) populations are not exceptional to the threat of hypertension. Hence, there is a need to highlight the rising prevalence of hypertension among Indian tribes and to bring them under health care programmes. This paper reports the systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on the prevalence of hypertension among Indian tribes by following the PRISMA guidelines. Three databases, viz. PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar and Scopus, were included. The gender-wise pooled prevalences were calculated, and forest plots were depicted. Other analyses were performed, including heterogeneity test, meta-regression and sub-group analysis. Of the 1010 studies obtained, 42 were included in this review. These studies covered tribal populations in different regions of India. The pooled prevalence of hypertension among men, women and combined were 23.66% (95% confidence interval (CI): 23.25 to 24.07%), 23.37% (95% CI: 22.99 to 23.75%) and 16.68% (95% CI: 16.10 to 17.28%) respectively. Considerable heterogeneity was found among these studies. The situation of increasing prevalence, as evident from this review, is worrisome as the hypertension epidemic will affect the poor tribal communities that cannot afford to pay for treatment expenses. Therefore, people's access to public health services must be improved. This review discusses the recent initiatives to reduce the burden of hypertension and other noncommunicable diseases in India and highlights the need of implementation research to strengthen these initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaya R Hazarika
- Division of Socio-Behavioural, Health Systems & Implementation Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Bontha V Babu
- Division of Socio-Behavioural, Health Systems & Implementation Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India.
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Dion J, Attard V, Guyon R, De La Sablonnière-Griffin M, Perreault É, Hébert M. Implementing a sexual violence prevention program in two Canadian Indigenous communities: Challenges and lessons learned. Child Abuse Negl 2024; 148:106271. [PMID: 37357071 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of child sexual violence remains overwhelming, particularly among Indigenous populations, despite increased awareness. Therefore, implementing efficient initiatives is crucial in preventing and reducing sexual violence rates among these groups. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the processes involved in the implementation of a sexual violence prevention program in two Indigenous communities in Canada and assess application of culturally safe practices. METHOD Eight Indigenous and non-Indigenous project managers underwent semi-structured interviews before the program's implementation; five of them also participated in the follow-up interviews. Moreover, thirteen Indigenous service providers from the two communities answered open-ended questions when the included training ended. RESULTS Thematic analysis revealed the importance of following an ongoing process (not only before implementing a program) to assess the needs of community members and involving them in decision-making. Administrative injunctions were also identified as a significant challenge during implementation. Results showed that participants reported the taboo of sexual violence as a challenge but that constant discussions about the prevention of sexual violence helped defuse the discomfort and foster trust between Indigenous and non-Indigenous professionals. Finally, participants provided recommendations to improve research and intervention practices. CONCLUSIONS Several takeaways were discussed to improve research practices with, by, and for Indigenous peoples, such as using collaborative communication, developing common understanding relative to work agendas, and increasing cultural competencies to build trust within the partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinthe Dion
- Intersectoral Center for Sustainable Health, Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 bl. Université, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, C.P 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Virginie Attard
- Urbanisation Culture Société Research Centre, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), INRS-UQAT Joint Research Unit in Indigenous Studies, Val-d'Or Campus, 663, 1re Avenue, Val-d'Or, Québec J9P 1Y3, Canada.
| | - Roxanne Guyon
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, C.P 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 455, boul. René-Lévesque Est, Montréal, Québec H2L 4Y2, Canada.
| | - Mireille De La Sablonnière-Griffin
- Urbanisation Culture Société Research Centre, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), INRS-UQAT Joint Research Unit in Indigenous Studies, Val-d'Or Campus, 663, 1re Avenue, Val-d'Or, Québec J9P 1Y3, Canada.
| | - Émilie Perreault
- Intersectoral Center for Sustainable Health, Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 bl. Université, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada.
| | - Martine Hébert
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, C.P 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 455, boul. René-Lévesque Est, Montréal, Québec H2L 4Y2, Canada.
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Bhat D, Babu BV, Surti SB, Ranjit M, Sarmah J, Sridevi P, Sharma Y. Stigma of sickle cell disease among Indian tribal population: A multi-centric qualitative study. J Natl Med Assoc 2023; 115:556-565. [PMID: 37845145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is the most prevalent hemoglobinopathy, impacting around 5% of the global population. The Indian tribal population, which has been a key focus of the Indian SCD program, can experience health-related stigma due to the multidimensional impact of the disease. This preliminary qualitative inquiry delves into the lived experiences of individuals and synthesizes domains to identify the sources of stigma. METHODOLOGY The study's framework for developing the stigma tool was rooted in Bronfenbrenner's Ecology of Human Development. The study was implemented in five tribal-dominated districts of India and involved in-depth interviews with sickle cell disease (SCD) patients and their caregivers to explore their stigmatizing experiences. RESULTS The analysis revealed four overarching themes and several subthemes explaining the type of stigma, its source, and factors contributing to stigmatization. First, the study focused on elements associated with perceived stigma, such as disclosure, self-isolation/refusal to participate, and self-judgment. The second theme pertained to the internalization of stigma. The third theme addressed experienced stigma concerning the disease's impact on day-to-day events, and the fourth theme explored the support system patients needed. The framework highlighted the varying degrees of stigmatizing components within different aspects of patients' ecology. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the importance of addressing stigma at various levels. Policies, programs, and healthcare interventions must target stigma across these levels. Culturally adaptive tools for identifying stigma, implementing appropriate interventions, and improving healthcare participation are essential for enhancing the quality of life and reducing the disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bhat
- Department of Anatomy, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - Bontha V Babu
- Division of Socio-Behavioural, Health Systems & Implementation Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
| | - Shaily B Surti
- Department of Community Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Manoranjan Ranjit
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jatin Sarmah
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, India
| | - Parikipandla Sridevi
- Department of Biotechnology, Central Tribal University of Andhra Pradesh, Vizianagaram, India
| | - Yogita Sharma
- Division of Socio-Behavioural, Health Systems & Implementation Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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Tolentino Júnior DS, Marques MSV, Krummenauer A, Duarte MMS, Rocha SM, de Brito MG, de Santana LF, de Oliveira RC, de Assis EM, de Sousa Cavalcante KK, Alencar CH. Rabies outbreak in Brazil: first case series in children from an indigenous village. Infect Dis Poverty 2023; 12:78. [PMID: 37620861 PMCID: PMC10464476 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human rabies outbreak transmitted by bats continues to be a relevant public health problem not only in the Amazon region. The disease has affected one of the areas with the greatest poverty in southeastern Brazil, a region inhabited by the Maxakali indigenous people. CASE PRESENTATION We describe four cases of rabies among indigenous children that occurred in the indigenous village of Pradinho, municipality of Bertópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Cases were notified between April and May 2022, all of whom died on average eight days after the first symptoms. All cases were observed in rural residents under 12 years of age. The probable form of exposure was through bat bites. The predominant symptoms were prostration, fever, dyspnea, sialorrhea, tachycardia, and altered level of consciousness. Half of the cases underwent late and/or incomplete post-exposure rabies prophylaxis, however, the other half underwent pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis, with only one case completing the scheme and another undergoing the adapted Milwaukee Protocol (Recife Protocol). All cases ended in death. CONCLUSIONS This was the first rabies outbreak among indigenous people in Brazil. Among the manifested clinical forms in the series, there was a disease atypical presentation in at least one case. We suggest active surveillance and an intercultural educational campaign to prevent new cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilceu Silveira Tolentino Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Technology, Environment and Society, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Valleys, Teófilo Otoni, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Amanda Krummenauer
- Brazil Field Epidemiology Training Program, Ministry of Health, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Magda Machado Saraiva Duarte
- Brazil Field Epidemiology Training Program, Ministry of Health, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Gontijo de Brito
- State Department of Health of Minas Gerais, Coordination of Zoonoses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Carlos de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Integrated Territory Management, Vale do Rio Doce University, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
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Williams J, McMillan F, Peden AE. Yarning about river safety: A qualitative study exploring water safety beliefs and practices for First Nations People. Health Promot J Austr 2023. [PMID: 37607553 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Water is vital to Australian First Nations Peoples' connection to country and culture. Despite this cultural significance, and epidemiological studies identifying elevated drowning risk among Australian First Nations Peoples, extremely limited qualitative research explores water safety beliefs and practices of First Nations Peoples. This study addressed this knowledge gap via qualitative research with Wiradjuri people living in Wagga Wagga, New South Wales. METHODS Under Aboriginal Reference Group guidance, a local researcher recruited participants using purposive sampling for yarning circles across four groups: young people aged 18-30 years, parents of children under 5, parents of older children and adolescents and Elders. Yarning circles were audio recorded, transcribed and thematically coded using an inductive approach. RESULTS In total, 10 First Nations individuals participated. Yarning led to rich insights and yielded five themes: families as first educators; importance of storytelling, lived experience and respect for knowledge holders; the river as a place of connection; historical influence on preference for river over pool and river is unpredictable and needs to be respected. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the importance of First Nations culture to water safety practices, particularly around the river. To reduce drowning risk among First Nations populations, knowledge holders need to be embedded in the design and delivery of community water safety education. SO WHAT?: Co-designing water safety initiatives with First Nations Peoples will have dual benefits; developing culturally appropriate and locally relevant water safety education, while also continuing First Nations culture across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Williams
- School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Faye McMillan
- School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy E Peden
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Brady A, Misra S, Abdelmalek M, Kekic A, Kunze K, Lim E, Jakob N, Mour G, Keddis MT. The Value of Pharmacogenomics for White and Indigenous Americans after Kidney Transplantation. Pharmacy (Basel) 2023; 11:125. [PMID: 37624080 PMCID: PMC10457738 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy11040125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of evidence to inform the value of pharmacogenomic (PGx) results in patients after kidney transplant and how these results differ between Indigenous Americans and Whites. This study aims to identify the frequency of recommended medication changes based on PGx results and compare the pharmacogenomic (PGx) results and patients' perceptions of the findings between a cohort of Indigenous American and White kidney transplant recipients. METHODS Thirty-one Indigenous Americans and fifty White kidney transplant recipients were studied prospectively. Genetic variants were identified using the OneOme RightMed PGx test of 27 genes. PGx pharmacist generated a report of the genetic variation and recommended changes. Pre- and post-qualitative patient surveys were obtained. RESULTS White and Indigenous American subjects had a similar mean number of medications at the time of PGx testing (mean 13 (SD 4.5)). In the entire cohort, 53% received beta blockers, 30% received antidepressants, 16% anticoagulation, 47% pain medication, and 25% statin therapy. Drug-gene interactions that warranted a clinical action were present in 21.5% of patients. In 12.7%, monitoring was recommended. Compared to the Whites, the Indigenous American patients had more normal CYP2C19 (p = 0.012) and CYP2D6 (p = 0.012) activities. The Indigenous American patients had more normal CYP4F2 (p = 0.004) and lower VKORC (p = 0.041) activities, phenotypes for warfarin drug dosing, and efficacy compared to the Whites. SLC6A4, which affects antidepressant metabolism, showed statistical differences between the two cohorts (p = 0.017); specifically, SLC6A4 had reduced expression in 45% of the Indigenous American patients compared to 20% of the White patients. There was no significant difference in patient perception before and after PGx. CONCLUSIONS Kidney transplant recipients had several drug-gene interactions that were clinically actionable; over one-third of patients were likely to benefit from changes in medications or drug doses based on the PGx results. The Indigenous American patients differed in the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters from the White patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Brady
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Suman Misra
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Mina Abdelmalek
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Adrijana Kekic
- Department of Pharmacy Clinical Practice, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Katie Kunze
- Department of Statistics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Elisabeth Lim
- Department of Statistics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Nicholas Jakob
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Girish Mour
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Mira T. Keddis
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
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Cardoso AM, Caldas ADR, Oliveira ES, Paixão ES, Soares MAS, Dos Santos IO, Barreto ML, Ichihara MYT. Maternal and congenital syphilis in Indigenous Peoples: a scoping review of the worldwide literature. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:84. [PMID: 37161482 PMCID: PMC10169209 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-01890-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syphilis is among the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. When it occurs during pregnancy, it can seriously affect the fetus and newborn`s health. The scarcity of studies on maternal and congenital syphilis in Indigenous Peoples remains an obstacle to its control in these populations. This study aimed to explore the breadth of the literature, map updated evidence, and identify knowledge gaps on maternal and congenital syphilis in Indigenous Peoples worldwide. METHODS We conducted a Scoping review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - Extension for Scoping Reviews. In March 2021, we collected data through a priority search on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and SciELO. RESULTS The strategy yielded 24 studies for analysis. Data in the articles were collected from 1989 to 2020, half from 2015 onwards. Studies were in Oceania and the Americas, mainly in South America (66.7%), particularly in Brazil (50.0%). The topics assessed were Data quality related to maternal and congenital syphilis (20.8%); Diagnosis, provision, access, and use of health services (62.5%); Disease frequency and health inequities (54.2%); Determinants of maternal syphilis and congenital syphilis (20.8%); and Outcomes of maternal and congenital syphilis in the fetus (20.8%). The results show that the available literature on maternal and congenital syphilis is sparse and concentrated in some geographic areas; the frequency of these diseases in Indigenous Peoples varies but is generally higher than in the non-indigenous counterparts; the quality of surveillance data and health information systems is poor; multiple healthcare barriers exist; and the diversity of terms to identify Indigenous Peoples is a challenge to mapping scientific outputs on Indigenous Peoples' health. CONCLUSIONS Maternal and congenital syphilis in Indigenous Peoples is a double-neglected condition and research in this area should be given the priority and encouragement it deserves globally. Reliable data and improving access to health care are needed to reduce the burden of syphilis and correctly inform policies and health services response to mitigate ethnic-racial inequalities in maternal and congenital syphilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Moreira Cardoso
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Evelin Santos Oliveira
- Center for Data Integration and Knowledge for Health - CIDACS, Gonçalo Muniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Enny Santos Paixão
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maria Auxiliadora Santos Soares
- Center for Data Integration and Knowledge for Health - CIDACS, Gonçalo Muniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Idália Oliveira Dos Santos
- Center for Data Integration and Knowledge for Health - CIDACS, Gonçalo Muniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maurício Lima Barreto
- Center for Data Integration and Knowledge for Health - CIDACS, Gonçalo Muniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Yury Travassos Ichihara
- Center for Data Integration and Knowledge for Health - CIDACS, Gonçalo Muniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Mizuno Y, Inaba Y, Masuoka H, Kibe M, Kosaka S, Natsuhara K, Hirayama K, Inthavong N, Kounnavong S, Tomita S, Umezaki M. Determinants of oxidative stress among indigenous populations in Northern Laos: Trace element exposures and dietary patterns. Sci Total Environ 2023; 868:161516. [PMID: 36646220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate determinants of oxidative stress in an indigenous population, we examined associations of trace element exposures and dietary patterns with three oxidative stress-related biomarkers among indigenous populations in Northern Laos. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 341 adults from three villages with different levels of modernization. We used three oxidative stress-related biomarkers: urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-isoprostane concentrations, which were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and blood telomere lengths, which were measured using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. We used multilevel analysis to examine associations of urinary arsenic, cadmium, and selenium concentrations, their interaction terms, and wild-plant-food scores (principal component scores calculated from food consumption frequencies) with oxidative stress-related biomarkers. RESULTS Urinary arsenic and cadmium concentrations were positively associated with urinary 8-isoprostane concentrations. Urinary selenium concentrations were positively associated with urinary 8-OHdG concentrations. Interaction terms ([arsenic or cadmium] × selenium) showed negative associations with urinary 8-OHdG and 8-isoprostane concentrations, respectively. Urinary cadmium concentrations were negatively associated with telomere lengths. Wild-plant-food scores did not exhibit associations with oxidative stress-related biomarkers. CONCLUSION Our findings imply that exposure to arsenic and cadmium is associated with greater oxidative lipid damage, whereas selenium may attenuate arsenic-induced oxidative DNA damage and cadmium-induced oxidative lipid damage. Cadmium exposure may accelerate telomere attrition. Trace element exposure may be a determinant of oxidative stress among indigenous populations in Northern Laos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mizuno
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yohei Inaba
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Masuoka
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Mihoko Kibe
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Satoko Kosaka
- Department of Public Health & Nursing, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | | | - Kazuhiro Hirayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nouhak Inthavong
- Lao Tropical and Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People's Republic
| | - Sengchanh Kounnavong
- Lao Tropical and Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao Democratic People's Republic
| | - Shinsuke Tomita
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Umezaki
- Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Moraes AODS, Magalhães EIDS, Orellana JDY, Gatica-Domínguez G, Neves PAR, Basta PC, Vaz JDS. Food profile of Yanomami indigenous children aged 6 to 59 months from the Brazilian Amazon, according to the degree of food processing: a cross-sectional study. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:208-18. [PMID: 35620933 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980022001306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to characterise the food profile of Yanomami indigenous children according to the degree of food processing and its associated factors. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study with Yanomami indigenous children aged 6 to 59 months. Socio-demographic, maternal and infant data were collected through a standardised questionnaire. The food profile was obtained by using a list of thirty-four foods to verify the child's consumption of these foods on the day preceding the interview. Foods were classified according to the degree of processing based on the NOVA system (in natura or minimally processed, processed culinary ingredients, processed and ultra-processed). In natura and minimally processed foods were subdivided into 'regional' and 'urban' foods. Poisson regression analysis was applied to estimate the associated factors according to the 90 % CI. SETTING Three villages (Auaris, Maturacá and Ariabú) in the Yanomami indigenous territory, in the Brazilian Amazon. PARTICIPANTS In total, 251 Yanomami children aged 6 to 59 months were evaluated. RESULTS The prevalence of consumption of 'regional' and 'urban' in natura or minimally processed foods was 93 % and 56 %, respectively, and consumption of ultra-processed foods was 32 %. Ultra-processed food consumption was 11·6 times higher in children of Maturacá and 9·2 times higher in Ariabú when compared with the children of Auaris and 31 % lower in children who had mothers with shorter stature. CONCLUSION Despite the high frequency of consumption of in natura and minimally processed foods, the consumption of ultra-processed foods was substantial and was associated with demographic and maternal factors in Yanomani indigenous children under 5 years of age.
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Wani MS, Bhat MS, Alam A, Mir SA. Assessing indigenous community's perspectives and attitudes toward tourism development impacts in the northwestern Himalayas, India. Socioecol Pract Res 2023; 5:63-78. [PMID: 36471793 PMCID: PMC9713744 DOI: 10.1007/s42532-022-00134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
An assessment and monitoring of tourism impacts coupled with community perception have emerged as a vital tool for ensuring the sustainability of mountain tourism destinations in recent years. The present study aims to explore the indigenous community's perspectives on tourism impacts and their participation in the process of tourism development at Doodhpathri, an emerging tourist resort in Jammu and Kashmir, India. A non-probability convenience sampling method based on 344 questionnaires has been used to accomplish the research objectives. Inferential statistics and factor analysis were employed to analyze the collected data. Our assessment reveals that in general, tourism is viewed as a development industry. Its positives are better perceived than its negatives, given that it generates employment prospects, boosts household income, improves the image of the area, and raises the indigenous community's standard of living. However, a substantial portion of the population living in the area perceives tourism activities as the cause of multiple environmental and biophysical issues, such as increased waste generation leading to pollution and water quality deterioration. On the whole, most of the residents were positive about future tourism development and optimistic about tourism management practices. However, the area has recently observed a voluminous influx of both local and foreign tourists, which necessitates the formulation of a sustainable tourism planning strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Saleem Wani
- Department of Geography and Disaster Management, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - M Sultan Bhat
- Department of Geography and Disaster Management, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Akhtar Alam
- Department of Geography and Disaster Management, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
| | - Sajad Ahmad Mir
- Department of Geography and Disaster Management, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006 India
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Fortin M, Atsaidis Z, Hopkins B, St-Louis E, Guadagno E, Friedman D, Poenaru D. Definitive Care for Severely Injured Children in Quebec. Injury 2023; 54:173-182. [PMID: 36008174 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Injury is the leading cause of death in children over the age of one in Canada, and remains the most common cause of death in Quebec pediatric patients. Indigenous communities are 3-4 times more likely to be affected by injuries than the national average. In Quebec, health centres can range from 30 to 1000 km away from the closest level I trauma center. METHODS Descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression were performed for severely injured pediatric trauma patients received at the Montreal Children's Hospital (MCH) over a ten-year period. Outcomes were compared between regional groups in Quebec using forward sortation areas. RESULTS Two hundred and forty four pediatric patients presented to the MCH with major trauma between 2006 and 2016. Of those, 42% of patients resided in Montreal, 42% off-island, and 16% in Northern Quebec. Admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was required for 60% of off-island patients and 58% of Northern residents. The median length of hospital stay (LOS) was 5 days for off-island and 15 days for Northern patients. Most patients (78% off-island vs. 76% Northern Quebec) were discharged home. The overall mortality was 5%. In multiple regression analysis, residence in Northern Quebec was associated with increased incidence of longer than median length of stay compared to off-island patients (OR 2.78, 95%CI (1.12-7.29)) after adjusting for injury severity, operative intervention, age, and sex. CONCLUSION ICU admission rate was similar among Northern and off-island populations. Patients from Northern Quebec appeared to have longer-than-median hospital length of stay. In-hospital mortality was infrequent and limited to on-island and off-island populations. A further exploration of this data is required to identify the "trauma deserts" and advocate for children involved in trauma in all areas of Quebec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélyssa Fortin
- McGill University Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, 3605 Rue de la Montagne, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 2M1
| | - Zoe Atsaidis
- McGill University Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, 3605 Rue de la Montagne, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3G 2M1
| | - Brent Hopkins
- Department of General Surgery, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Ave, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4
| | - Etienne St-Louis
- Department of General Surgery, McGill University, 1650 Cedar Ave, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4; Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, room B04.2439.1, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4A 3J
| | - Elena Guadagno
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, room B04.2439.1, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4A 3J
| | - Debbie Friedman
- Montreal Children's Hospital Trauma Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences McGill University
| | - Dan Poenaru
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, room B04.2439.1, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4A 3J.
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Gilmour B, Alene KA, Atalell KA, Clements ACA. The Prevalence of HIV Infection in Minority Indigenous Populations of the South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. AIDS Behav 2022;:1-17. [PMID: 36543946 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of HIV infection within minority indigenous populations of the South-East Asia (SEAR) and Western Pacific Regions (WPR). Sub-group analyses were conducted, and the sources of heterogeneity explored through meta-regression. The majority of studies were undertaken in high HIV risk subpopulations. There was a paucity of data for many countries with data from China representing 70% of the comparative studies. Within minority indigenous populations the pooled prevalence of HIV infection was 13.7% (95% CI 8.9, 19) and 8.4% (95% CI 6.3, 10.7) among other populations. The prevalence differential between populations was significant in the WPR (adjusted odds ratio 1.1, 95% CI 1.0, 1.2). Across both regions, in contrast to other populations, minority indigenous did not experience any significant reduction in HIV prevalence over the years of data collection. There was large heterogeneity in the prevalence of HIV across studies.
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Abstract
The American Indian population is known to experience high rates of cardiovascular disease and have a heightened vulnerability to severe outcomes driven by an overall poor health status and lower access to quality health care. Our group has previously published an analysis demonstrating that American Indians have the highest risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), as well as of AF-related stroke, when compared with other races and ethnicities. Despite this, AF in this population has not been extensively studied and additional publications are scarce. Our review article provides an up-to-date summary of the relevant literature addressing the relationship between race, ethnicity, and AF by focusing on American Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Sanchez
- Department of Cardiology and Electrophysiology, Kaiser Permanente of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gregory M. Marcus
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Address reprint requests and correspondence: Dr Gregory M. Marcus, 505 Parnassus Ave, M1180B, San Francisco, CA 94143-0124.
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Tee MZ, Er YX, Easton AV, Yap NJ, Lee IL, Devlin J, Chen Z, Ng KS, Subramanian P, Angelova A, Oyesola O, Sargsian S, Ngui R, Beiting DP, Boey CCM, Chua KH, Cadwell K, Lim YAL, Loke P, Lee SC. Gut microbiome of helminth-infected indigenous Malaysians is context dependent. Microbiome 2022; 10:214. [PMID: 36476263 PMCID: PMC9727879 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While microbiomes in industrialized societies are well characterized, indigenous populations with traditional lifestyles have microbiomes that are more akin to those of ancient humans. However, metagenomic data in these populations remains scarce, and the association with soil-transmitted helminth infection status is unclear. Here, we sequenced 650 metagenomes of indigenous Malaysians from five villages with different prevalence of helminth infections. RESULTS Individuals from villages with higher prevalences of helminth infections have more unmapped reads and greater microbial diversity. Microbial community diversity and composition were most strongly associated with different villages and the effects of helminth infection status on the microbiome varies by village. Longitudinal changes in the microbiome in response to albendazole anthelmintic treatment were observed in both helminth infected and uninfected individuals. Inference of bacterial population replication rates from origin of replication analysis identified specific replicating taxa associated with helminth infection. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that helminth effects on the microbiota were highly dependent on context, and effects of albendazole on the microbiota can be confounding for the interpretation of deworming studies. Furthermore, a substantial quantity of the microbiome remains unannotated, and this large dataset from an indigenous population associated with helminth infections is a valuable resource for future studies. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Zi Tee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yi Xian Er
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alice V Easton
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nan Jiun Yap
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ii Li Lee
- Kulliyyah of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Islam Antarabangsa Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah, 09300, Kuala Ketil, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Joseph Devlin
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ze Chen
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kee Seong Ng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Poorani Subramanian
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Angelina Angelova
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oyebola Oyesola
- Type 2 Immunity Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shushan Sargsian
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Romano Ngui
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Daniel P Beiting
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yvonne Ai Lian Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - P'ng Loke
- Type 2 Immunity Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Soo Ching Lee
- Type 2 Immunity Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Rashmi R, Srivastava S, Muhammad T, Kumar M, Paul R. Indigenous population and major depressive disorder in later life: a study based on the data from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2258. [PMID: 36463131 PMCID: PMC9719225 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing evidence suggests that the indigenous older population who live with their families and friends might experience lesser depressive symptoms due to better emotional support and well-being. The present study aimed to investigate the differentials in the prevalence of the major depressive disorder among tribal and non-tribal older populations in India and to explore the contribution of socio-demographic, health-related, and household factors in such disparities. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (2017-18). The analytical sample included 30,637 older adults, among whom 5,025 and 25,612 belonged to the Scheduled Tribe (ST) and non-Scheduled Tribe (non-ST) social groups, respectively. Major depressive disorder assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview short-form (CIDI-SF) scale was the outcome variable. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariable regression and, decomposition analyses were conducted. RESULTS About 4.8% and 8.9% of older adults from the ST and non-ST social groups had major depression. For both tribal and non-tribal groups, older adults who were unmarried, dissatisfied with living arrangements, and those who faced lifetime discrimination were at increased risk of major depression. Findings from differences due to characteristics (E) revealed that if the regional differences were minimized, it would decrease the ST-non-ST gap in major depression by about 19.6%. Similarly, equal self-rated health status and chronic conditions among ST and non-ST groups would decrease the gap in major depression by almost 9.6% and 7.9%, respectively. Additionally, an equal status of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) among older adults would decrease the gap in major depression by about 3.8% and 3% respectively. Also, findings from differences due to coefficients (C) revealed that if older adults from the ST group had the same status of ADL as of older adults from the non-ST group, it would decrease the gap in major depression by about 11.8%. CONCLUSION The findings revealed a greater prevalence of major depression in older adults belonging to the non-ST group than the ST group. For both tribal and non-tribal groups, older adults who were unmarried, dissatisfied with living arrangements, and those who faced lifetime discrimination were at increased risk of major depression and these factors along with health-related variables contributed to significant ST-non-ST gap in depression, advantageous to tribal population; suggesting further research on the coping mechanisms of mental illnesses among indigenous population in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Rashmi
- grid.419349.20000 0001 0613 2600International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088 India
| | - Shobhit Srivastava
- grid.419349.20000 0001 0613 2600International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088 India
| | - T. Muhammad
- grid.419349.20000 0001 0613 2600International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088 India
| | - Manish Kumar
- grid.419349.20000 0001 0613 2600International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088 India
| | - Ronak Paul
- grid.419349.20000 0001 0613 2600International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088 India
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Ajeeb TT, Gonzalez E, Solomons NW, Koski KG. Human milk microbial species are associated with infant head-circumference during early and late lactation in Guatemalan mother-infant dyads. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:908845. [PMID: 36466698 PMCID: PMC9709448 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.908845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk contains abundant commensal bacteria that colonize and establish the infant's gut microbiome but the association between the milk microbiome and head circumference during infancy has not been explored. For this cross-sectional study, head-circumference-for-age-z-scores (HCAZ) of vaginally delivered breastfed infants were collected from 62 unrelated Mam-Mayan mothers living in eight remote rural communities in the Western Highlands of Guatemala during two stages of lactation, 'early' (6-46 days postpartum, n = 29) or 'late' (109-184 days postpartum, n = 33). At each stage of lactation, infants were divided into HCAZ ≥ -1 SD (early: n = 18; late: n = 14) and HCAZ < -1 SD (early: n = 11; late: n = 19). Milk microbiome communities were assessed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and DESeq2 was used to compare the differential abundance (DA) of human milk microbiota with infant HCAZ subgroups at both stages of lactations. A total of 503 ESVs annotated 256 putative species across the 64 human milk samples. Alpha-diversity using Chao index uncovered a difference in microbial community richness between HCAZ ≥ -1 SD and HCAZ < -1 SD groups at late lactation (p = 0.045) but not at early lactation. In contrast, Canonical Analysis of Principal Coordinates identified significant differences between HCAZ ≥ -1 SD and HCAZ < -1 SD at both stages of lactation (p = 0.003); moreover, 26 milk microbial taxa differed in relative abundance (FDR < 0.05) between HCAZ ≥ -1 SD and HCAZ < -1 SD, with 13 differentially abundant at each lactation stage. Most species in the HCAZ ≥ -1 SD group were Streptococcus species from the Firmicutes phylum which are considered human colonizers associated with human milk whereas the HCAZ < -1 SD group at late lactation had more differentially abundant taxa associated with environmentally and 'potentially opportunistic' species belonging to the Actinobacteria genus. These findings suggest possible associations between brain growth of breastfed infants and the milk microbiome during lactation. Importantly, these data provide the first evidence of cross talk between the human milk microbiome and the infant brain that requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara T. Ajeeb
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emmanuel Gonzalez
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill Genome Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Noel W. Solomons
- Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism (CeSSIAM), Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Chew CC, Ibrahim HA, Balan VK, Abd-Aziz NA, Puah HM, Hss AS. Growth management and prevalence of underweight of indigenous children (Orang Asli) in Peninsular Malaysia: a clinical audit. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:481. [PMID: 35948912 PMCID: PMC9364563 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most indigenous people (Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia) live in poverty, and their children are at risk of growth problems due to nutrition deficiency. Routine health and growth assessments are essential to identify these children. This clinical audit aimed to determine the growth management of indigenous children and the prevalence of underweight among these children in Perak state, Malaysia. Methods A clinical audit was conducted in 2016 after obtaining consensus from stakeholders for audit criteria, forms, and procedures. All weight-for-age growth charts of Orang Asli children aged 2 and below were sampled for retrospective audit. This audit excluded children who required special needs. Growth charts were examined against audit criteria: (i) quality of growth chart plotting (charts were not plotted, incompletely plotted, or incorrectly plotted), (ii) presence of underweight, and (iii) appropriateness of action taken (appropriate or inappropriate action) according to local standard operating policies. Eligible auditors were first trained using simulated growth charts. Results Out of 1329 growth charts audited, 797 (60%) growth charts were correctly plotted, 527 (39.7%) were incompletely or incorrectly plotted, and five (0.3%) were not plotted. Overall, 40.0% of the growth chart was plotted incorrectly or completely not plotted. 550 (41.4%) children were found to be underweight, and 71.5% of them received inappropriate care management. Where growth charts were correctly plotted, 283 children were identified with underweight problems, and 194 (68.6%) of them received inappropriate care. For growth charts that were plotted incompletely or incorrectly, 267 children were identified as having underweight problems, and 199 (74.5%) received inappropriate care. The growth status of 265 (19.9%) children was unable to be determined due to incomplete plotting. Conclusion Approximately 40% of indigenous Orang Asli children aged 2 years and under were underweight, and most of them received inappropriate care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chii-Chii Chew
- Clinical Research Centre Perak, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health, Level 4, Ambulatory Care Centre (ACC), Jalan Raja Ashman Shah, 30450, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Hasni-Adha Ibrahim
- Clinical Research Centre Perak, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health, Level 4, Ambulatory Care Centre (ACC), Jalan Raja Ashman Shah, 30450, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Venugopalan K Balan
- Perak State Health Department, Ministry of Health, 30000, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Nor-Azizah Abd-Aziz
- Perak State Health Department, Ministry of Health, 30000, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Hooi-Meng Puah
- Perak State Health Department, Ministry of Health, 30000, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Amar-Singh Hss
- Clinical Research Centre Perak, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health, Level 4, Ambulatory Care Centre (ACC), Jalan Raja Ashman Shah, 30450, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.,Paediatric Department, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health, Jalan Raja Ashman Shah, 30450, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
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Borges MFDSO, Koifman S, Koifman RJ, da Silva IF. Cancer incidence in indigenous populations of Western Amazon, Brazil. Ethn Health 2022; 27:1465-1481. [PMID: 33673784 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2021.1893663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to estimate a population-based cancer incidence among indigenous populations in the State of Acre, Brazilian Western Amazon, to provide knowledge about cancer epidemiological profiles contributing to healthcare policies and service planning. Although cancer epidemiology in Brazil is well described through incidence and mortality estimate in the general population, cancer estimates among indigenous peoples are still unknown. DESIGN This is a descriptive study of cancer incidence among the indigenous population (2000-2012) in the State of Acre, Brazil. The sources used were population-based cancer registries of Goiânia, hospital-based cancer registry of Acre, São Paulo, and Porto Velho; Special Indigenous Health Districts databases of Acre, Goiânia, and São Paulo; Mortality Information System, and Rio Branco's public and private laboratories' reports. Standardized Incidence Ratio (SIR) was calculated using cancer incidence rates of Goiânia as reference. RESULTS From 137 cancer cases, 51.8% occurred in women and 32.1% in people aged 70 + . Among men, the most frequent cancer sites were stomach (25.8%), liver (15.1%), colorectal (7.6%), leukemia (7.6%), and prostate (6.1%). Among women, the most frequent were cervical (50.7%), stomach (8.5%), leukemia (5.6%), liver (4.3%), and breast (4.3%). Among men, there was an excess of cancer cases for stomach (SIR=1.75; 95%CI:1.67-1.83), liver (SIR=1.77; 95%CI:1.66-1.88), and leukemia (SIR=1.64; 95%CI:1.49-1.78). In women, an excess of cancer cases was observed for cervical (SIR=4.49; 95%CI:4.34-4.64) and liver (SIR=2.11; 95%CI:1.88-2.34). A lower cancer incidence for prostate (SIR=0.06; 95%CI:0.05-0.07) and female breast (SIR=0.12; 95%CI:0.11-0.14) was observed. CONCLUSIONS Cervical, stomach, and liver cancers corresponded to 52% of the cases and were highly incident among the Brazilian indigenous population of Western Amazon compared to non-indigenous counterparts. Despite the low frequency of breast and prostate cancer, the fact they were present among indigenous peoples suggests a complex epidemiological transition framework in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Koifman
- National School of Public Health, Sergio Arouca, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosalina Jorge Koifman
- National School of Public Health, Sergio Arouca, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ilce Ferreira da Silva
- National School of Public Health, Sergio Arouca, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Nadkarni A, Vasudevan P, Krishnakumar J. Symptoms of psychological distress reported by women from indigenous communities in South India: implications for methodology and future studies. Arch Womens Ment Health 2022; 25:667-70. [PMID: 35260932 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-022-01215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
'Indigenous peoples' across the globe suffer a disproportionate burden of mental illness. However, this burden is not fully explored in India despite having the second largest absolute concentration of indigenous peoples in the world. We did a secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional survey in indigenous populations from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in South India. Symptoms suggestive of psychological distress were reported by 39.9% participants. Being alone, tobacco use, hypertension, hypertension in family member, and violent conflict in household were independently associated with psychological distress. More epidemiological studies need to be conducted to map the burden and elaborate the relationships between mental health problems and socio-cultural factors in indigenous populations in India.
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Gonçalves Júnior J, Freitas JF, Cândido EL. COVID-19, mental health and Indigenous populations in Brazil: The epidemic beyond the pandemic. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:766-769. [PMID: 35663293 PMCID: PMC9150036 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i5.766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to report on factors contributing to the deterioration of the mental health of Indigenous populations (IP) in Brazil. Five factors seem to have a direct impact on the mental health of IP in Brazil: (1) The absence of public policies; (2) Intellectual production; (3) Psychiatric medical care for remote areas (e.g., telemedicine) aimed at promoting the mental health of Brazil’s IP, which causes a huge gap in the process of assistance and social, psychological, economic and cultural valorization of native peoples; (4) The dissemination of fake news, which exposed, above all, older IP to risk behaviors in the pandemic, such as refusal of vaccination; and (5) The violence carried out on IP lands due to economic interests with mining/agribusiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jucier Gonçalves Júnior
- Internal Medicine - Division of Rheumatology, São Paulo University, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Jucycler Ferreira Freitas
- Post Graduate Program in Sustainable Regional Development, Federal University of Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte 63048-080, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Estelita Lima Cândido
- Post Graduate Program in Sustainable Regional Development, Federal University of Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte 63048-080, Ceara, Brazil
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Perry MA, Devan H, Davies C, Hempel D, Ingham T, Jones B, Reid S, Saipe B, Hale L. iSelf-Help: a co-designed, culturally appropriate, online pain management programme in Aotearoa. Res Involv Engagem 2022; 8:6. [PMID: 35193704 PMCID: PMC8862515 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-022-00339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current best practice recommends group-based pain management programmes for long-term improvements in persistent pain-related disability. However, there are barriers for people to access in-person delivered pain management programmes in Aotearoa. AIMS To develop a co-designed, culturally responsive, online group-based pain management programme (iSelf-help) for people with persistent pain. METHODS A modified participatory action research (PAR) framework was used to co-design contents and cultural-appropriateness of iSelf-help. The PAR team included: (1) seven end-users living with persistent pain, who had previously attended an in-person delivered group pain management programme, (2) two pain management clinicians, (3) two health researchers, (4) two digital health experts, and (5) a health literacy expert. Five meetings were held with the PAR group and a Nominal Group Technique was used to rank order the preferred features of content delivery. In parallel, to ensure cultural appropriateness of iSelf-help, three focus groups (n = 15) were held with Māori (the Indigenous population of Aotearoa) living with persistent pain in collaboration with a Māori community health trust. All contents were reviewed by a Māori Health literacy expert and core contents were translated into Te Reo (Māori language). All contents were finalised by iterative discussion among the PAR team and consultation with Māori stakeholders. The preliminary version of iSelf-help was pilot tested with the PAR group participants and Māori community members living with persistent pain and their feedback was included. The iterative co-design process occurred over a period of nine months. RESULTS The finalised version of iSelf-help included a total of 130 resources organised in to 12 content relevant online modules plus a dedicated welcoming page and an online community forum. Each module included: short videos, animations explaining main concepts, patient stories, written content to accompany visual content, podcasts of relaxation techniques, illustrated texts, and evidence-summaries. A dedicated module of videos demonstrating cardiovascular and strengthening exercises of varying intensity was also included. CONCLUSIONS This is the first co-created, culturally appropriate, on-line group pain management programme for people with persistent pain, developed in Aotearoa. The next step is to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of iSelf-help compared to in-person delivered pain management programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Perry
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research (CHARR), School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Wellington, Aotearoa, New Zealand.
| | - Hemakumar Devan
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research (CHARR), School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Wellington, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - Cheryl Davies
- Tu Kotahi Māori Asthma and Research Trust, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Dagmar Hempel
- Wellington Pain Management Service, Capital & Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Tristram Ingham
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bernadette Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Susan Reid
- Health Literacy New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Barbara Saipe
- Wellington Pain Management Service, Capital & Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Leigh Hale
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research (CHARR), School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Soares GH, Jamieson L, Biazevic MGH, Michel-Crosato E. Disparities in Excess Mortality Between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Brazilians in 2020: Measuring the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 9:2227-36. [PMID: 34581998 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the number of excess deaths among Indigenous Peoples associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and to assess the disparities in excess mortality between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Brazilians. A time series analysis of weekly mortality data including all deaths from January 2015 to December 2020 was conducted. The number of expected deaths for 2020 was estimated using an over-dispersed Poisson model that accounts for demographic changes, temporal trends, and seasonal effects in mortality. Weekly excess deaths were calculated as the difference between the number of observed deaths and the expected deaths. Regional differences in Indigenous mortality were investigated. A significant increase in Indigenous mortality was observed from April 1 to December 31, 2020. An estimated 1149 (95% CI 1018-1281) excess deaths was found among Indigenous Brazilians in 2020, representing a 34.8% increase from the expected deaths for this population. The overall increase in non-Indigenous mortality was 18.1%. The Indigenous population living in the Brazilian Amazon area was the earliest-affected Indigenous group, with one of the highest proportional increases in mortality. Disparities in excess mortality revealed a disproportionate burden of COVID-19 among Indigenous Brazilians compared to their non-Indigenous counterparts. Findings highlight the importance of implementing an effective emergency plan that addresses the increased vulnerability of Indigenous Peoples to COVID-19.
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Mendes MF, Pereira LR, Lima TM, Melani VF, Palamim CVC, Boschiero MN, Marson FAL. COVID-19 pandemic evolution in the Brazilian Indigenous population. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 9:921-37. [PMID: 33782907 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has affected several neglected populations such as the Indigenous peoples, which have suffered a high impact from the pandemic. OBJECTIVES To analyze the impact on the health and disease process according to the COVID-19 evolution in the Brazilian Indigenous population. METHODS Data was collected from press releases by the Health Ministry and a descriptive analysis of the numbers of Indigenous individuals infected with the SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil was carried out. RESULTS In February 2021, there were 41,855 confirmed cases of Indigenous individuals infected by the SARS-CoV-2, including 4,387 active cases, 36,809 recovered cases, and 549 deaths. The Brazilian Indigenous population is distributed in over 300 ethnic groups and, due to the high number of deaths by the COVID-19, many of these groups are endangered. The elderly are the most affected age group, and they play a fundamental role among the Indigenous population for transmitting their customs mainly orally. Indigenous populations do not have proper access to transport to specialized health centers, since many areas are inaccessible and other cases require air or river transportation, which many times results in late assistance. When managing the COVID-19, it is important to emphasize the need for social isolation to prevent the virus from spreading among the Indigenous groups, mainly due to their contact with other ethnic groups represented by missionaries, hunters, and wood explorers, among others. CONCLUSION The adoption of practices that can reduce the virus transmission among the Indigenous population and provide them with better access to treatment, mainly for the elderly, must be prioritized in Brazil.
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Mejia JR, Quincho-Estares ÁJ, Flores-Rondon AJ, Reyes-Beltran G, Arias-Sulca IL, Palomino-Hilario E, Barrientos-Cochachi JE, Toro-Huamanchumo CJ. Determinants of adolescent pregnancy in indigenous communities from the Peruvian central jungle: a case-control study. Reprod Health 2021; 18:203. [PMID: 34641910 PMCID: PMC8507392 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent pregnancy carries a high risk of severe health issues for both the mother and the newborn. Worldwide, 21 million adolescents give birth every year, with high percentages in Latin America. Most of the risk factors are met in indigenous communities, which is an underrepresented and poorly studied population. We aimed to assess the determinants of adolescent pregnancy in indigenous communities from the Peruvian central jungle. Methods Through a case–control study, female adolescents aged 13 to 19 years old from seven indigenous communities of the Peruvian central jungle were interviewed. Adolescents with (cases) and with no (controls) pregnancy history, such as current pregnancy, children and abortion, fulfilled our eligible criteria. Our instrument explored: sociodemographic, adolescent and family characteristics, as well as perceptions of adolescent pregnancy. We performed a penalized maximum likelihood logistic regression analysis to obtain Odds Ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results We enrolled 34 cases and 107 controls. Overall, 53.9% were 15 to 19 years old. We found a significant association of being 15–19 years old (OR = 6.88, 95% CI 2.38–19.86, p < 0.0001) and an elementary school level of instruction (OR = 5.59, 95% CI 1.95–16.06, p = 0.001) with the risk of adolescent pregnancy. A marginal statistical significance between having five to six siblings and adolescent pregnancy was also reported (OR = 2.70, 95% CI 0.85–8.61, p = 0.094). Furthermore, adolescents with sexual and reproductive health communication with parents had a lower risk of adolescent pregnancy (OR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.06–0.47, p = 0.001). Conclusion Our results suggest that public health and educational efforts should be age-specific focused within indigenous communities of the Peruvian central jungle, encouraging parents to talk about sexual and reproductive health topics with adolescents. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12978-021-01247-z. Worldwide, 21 million adolescents give birth every year, with high percentages in Latin America and rural areas. Indigenous communities are mainly located in rural areas and are exposed to multiple risk factors of adolescent pregnancy. We aimed to find the factors that have an influence on adolescent pregnancy in indigenous communities from the Peruvian central jungle. We conducted a case–control study identifying female indigenous adolescents from the Peruvian central jungle with or without pregnancy history. Our survey explored sociodemographic, adolescent and family characteristics, as well as perceptions of adolescent pregnancy. Being 15 to 19 years old, having an elementary educational level, and five to six siblings increased the risk of adolescent pregnancy. On the other hand, adolescents with sexual and reproductive health communication with parents had a lower risk of adolescent pregnancy. Furthermore, eight out of ten adolescents opposed to sexual intercourse at an early age. Public health and educational efforts should be age-specific focused within indigenous communities of the Peruvian central jungle, encouraging parents to talk about sexual and reproductive health with adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan R Mejia
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina del Centro, Huancayo, Peru.
| | - Ángel J Quincho-Estares
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina del Centro, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Asstrid J Flores-Rondon
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina del Centro, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Giancarlo Reyes-Beltran
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina del Centro, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Irene L Arias-Sulca
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina del Centro, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Estephanie Palomino-Hilario
- Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina del Centro, Huancayo, Peru
| | | | - Carlos J Toro-Huamanchumo
- Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Unidad de Investigación Para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Lima, Peru
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Fowler-Woods A, Smolik I, Anaparti V, O’Neil L, El-Gabalawy H. Can Studying Genetically Predisposed Individuals Inform Prevention Strategies for RA? Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1301. [PMID: 34682981 PMCID: PMC8544392 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder in which complex genetic predisposition interacts with multiple environmental factors to precipitate chronic and progressive immune-mediated joint inflammation. Currently, in most affected individuals, ongoing suppression of the inflammation is required to prevent irreversible damage and functional loss. The delineation of a protracted preclinical period in which autoimmunity is initially established and then evolves to become pathogenic provides unprecedented opportunities for interventions that have the potential to prevent the onset of this lifelong disease. Clinical trials aimed at assessing the impact of specific prevention strategies require the identification of individuals who are at high risk of future RA development. Currently, these risk factors include a strong family history of RA, and the detection of circulating RA-associated autoantibodies, particularly anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). Yet, even in such individuals, there remains considerable uncertainty about the likelihood and the timeframe for future disease development. Thus, individuals who are approached to participate in such clinical trials are left weighing the risks and benefits of the prevention measures, while having large gaps in our current understanding. To address this challenge, we have undertaken longitudinal studies of the family members of Indigenous North American RA patients, this population being known to have a high prevalence of RA, early age of onset, and familial clustering of cases. Our studies have indicated that the concepts of "risk" and "prevention" need to be communicated in a culturally relevant manner, and proposed prevention interventions need to have an appropriate balance of effectiveness, safety, convenience, and cultural acceptability. We have focused our proposed prevention studies on immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory nutritional supplements that appear to strike such a complex balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Fowler-Woods
- Ongomiizwin Indigenous Institute of Health and Healing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3W 0W3, Canada;
| | - Irene Smolik
- Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1M4, Canada;
| | - Vidyanand Anaparti
- Manitoba Center for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; (V.A.); (L.O.)
| | - Liam O’Neil
- Manitoba Center for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; (V.A.); (L.O.)
| | - Hani El-Gabalawy
- Manitoba Center for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; (V.A.); (L.O.)
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Treacy PJ, Rey-Conde T, Allen J, Maloney RT, North JB. The associations of factors with previous alcohol use in the Northern Territory compared to other states - an observational study. Aust N Z J Public Health 2021; 45:578-583. [PMID: 34473384 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on previous alcohol use in surgical patients who died in the Northern Territory (NT) are lacking and have important public health implications. METHODS The prevalence of previous alcohol (ab)use among surgical patients who died (n=560) was assessed in patients within the Northern Territory and the remainder of Australia (n=28,245) over nine years. RESULTS The likelihood of previous alcohol use (21.4%; 120 of 560), was the outcome measured and was higher in the Northern Territory than outside it (5.9%; 1,660 of 28,245). Factors associated with the outcome of previous alcohol use were: male gender (aOR 1.6); Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status (aOR 2.0); liver disease (aOR 7.8); comorbidities (aOR 2.5); and trauma (aOR 1.1), in both the Northern Territory (aOR 11.5) and all Australia (aOR 7.8). In the Northern Territory, alcohol use was high in both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (31%) and non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (16%) people (p=0.316). CONCLUSION Of surgical patients who died, the likelihood of being a previous alcohol user was double in the Northern Territory as opposed to other states. Alcohol misuse is widespread across all groups in the Northern Territory. Implications for public health: Previous alcohol (ab)use is a negative factor for survival in any racial group.
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Affiliation(s)
- P John Treacy
- Northern Territory Medical School, Flinders University, Northern Territory
| | | | - Jennifer Allen
- Northern Territory Audit of Surgical Mortality (NTASM), Queensland
| | - Ryan T Maloney
- Australian and New Zealand Audit of Surgical Mortality (ANZASM), The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Victoria
| | - John B North
- Northern Territory Audit of Surgical Mortality (NTASM), Queensland
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Lucas IM, Barr ELM, Barzi F, Longmore DK, Lee IL, Kirkwood M, Whitbread C, Connors C, Boyle JA, Simon D, Goodrem A, Brown ADH, Oats J, McIntyre HD, Shaw JE, Maple-Brown L. Gestational diabetes is associated with postpartum hemorrhage in Indigenous Australian women in the PANDORA study: A prospective cohort. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021; 155:296-304. [PMID: 34328645 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess associations of hyperglycemia in pregnancy with the risk of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in a prospective cohort of Indigenous and non-Indigenous women, compared with normoglycemia. METHODS Data were from 1102 (48% Indigenous) women of the Pregnancy And Neonatal Diabetes Outcomes in Remote Australia (PANDORA) Study. Age-adjusted associations of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obstetric and demographic covariables with PPH (blood loss ≥500 ml) were assessed using logistic regression. Multivariable-adjusted models included Indigenous ethnicity, diabetes type and their interaction. RESULTS A higher proportion of Indigenous women developed PPH than non-Indigenous women (32% versus 22%; P < 0.001). Compared with non-Indigenous women with normoglycemia, risks of PPH for Indigenous women with GDM or T2DM were higher (odds ratio [OR] 1.83, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.11-3.02, and OR 1.72, 95% CI 0.99-3.00 after age adjustment, OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.06-3.19, and OR 1.33, 95% CI 0.70-2.54 after adjustment for school education and delivery mode, and OR 1.62, 95% CI 0.95-2.77, and OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.53-1.86 after adjustment for birth weight). Importantly, Indigenous women without hyperglycemia in pregnancy were not at increased risk of PPH. CONCLUSION The significantly higher rates of PPH experienced by Indigenous women compared with non-Indigenous women may be explained by a greater effect of GDM among Indigenous women that was only partly accounted for by birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle M Lucas
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Disease Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L M Barr
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Disease Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Federica Barzi
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Disease Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Danielle K Longmore
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Disease Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - I-Lynn Lee
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Disease Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Marie Kirkwood
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Disease Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Cherie Whitbread
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Disease Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,Division of Medicine, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Christine Connors
- Population & Primary Health, Top End Health Service, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Jacqueline A Boyle
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Simon
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Adeliesje Goodrem
- Midwifery Group Practice, Top End Health Service, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Alex D H Brown
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremy Oats
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harold D McIntyre
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan E Shaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Maple-Brown
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Disease Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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Torres-Rojas FI, Mendoza-Catalán MA, Alarcón-Romero LDC, Parra-Rojas I, Paredes-Solís S, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Cortes-Arciniega JE, Bracamontes-Benítez CJ, Illades-Aguiar B. HPV molecular detection from urine versus cervical samples: an alternative for HPV screening in indigenous populations. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11564. [PMID: 34178456 PMCID: PMC8214846 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth leading cause of death from neoplasms in women and is caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Several methods have been developed for the screening of cervical lesions and HPV; however, some socio-cultural factors prevent women from undergoing gynecological inspection, which results in a higher risk of mortality from cervical cancer in certain population groups as indigenous communities. This study aimed to compare the concordance in HPV detection from urine and cervical samples, to propose an alternative to cervical scraping, which is commonly used in the cervical cancer screening. Methodology The DNA from cervical scrapings and urine samples was extracted using the proteinase K method followed by precipitation with alcohol, phenol andchloroform; a modification of the proteinase K method was developed in the management of urine sediment. Viral genotyping was performed using INNOLipa. Results The study population consisted of 108 patients from an indigenous population at southern Mexico, 32 without squamous intraepithelial lesions (NSIL) and 76 with low squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). The majority of NSIL cervical scrapes were negative for HPV (90.63%), whereas more than half of LSIL cases were high-risk HPV positive (51.32%), followed by multiple infection by HR-HPV (17.11%), and multiple infection by LR- and HR-HPV (9.21%). No statistically significant relationship between the cytological diagnosis and the HPV genotypes detected in the urine samples was observed. A concordance of 68.27% for HPV positivity from urine and cervical samples was observed. Similarly, a concordance of 64.52% was observed in the grouping of HPVs by oncogenic risk. HR-HPV was detected in 71% of the urine samples from women with LSIL diagnosis, which suggests that HR-HPV detected in a urine sample could indicate the presence or risk of developing SIL. Conclusion HR-HPV detection in urine samples could be an initial approach for women at risk of developing LSIL and who, for cultural reasons, refuse to undergo a gynecological inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco I Torres-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular. Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Mendoza-Catalán
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular. Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Luz Del C Alarcón-Romero
- Laboratorio de Citopatología e Histoquímica. Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Sergio Paredes-Solís
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, Guerrero, México
| | - Marco A Leyva-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular. Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Jair E Cortes-Arciniega
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular. Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Carlos J Bracamontes-Benítez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular. Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular. Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico
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Terças-Trettel ACP, de Melo AVG, de Oliveira RC, Guterres A, Fernandes J, Pereira LS, Atanaka M, Espinosa MM, Teixeira BR, Bonvicino CR, D’Andrea PS, de Lemos ERS. Orthohantavirus Survey in Indigenous Lands in a Savannah-Like Biome, Brazil. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061122. [PMID: 34207939 PMCID: PMC8230715 DOI: 10.3390/v13061122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, the first confirmed cases of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in Indigenous populations occurred in 2001. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of orthohantavirus infections in the Utiariti Indigenous land located in the southeastern region of the Brazilian Amazon. In December 2014 and 2015, a survey was conducted using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in nine villages belonging to the Haliti–Paresí Indigenous communities. A total of 301 participants were enrolled in the study. Of the two study cohorts, the one from 2014 showed a prevalence of 12.4%, whereas the one from 2015 had a serum prevalence of 13.4%. Analysis of the paired samples of 110 Indigenous people who participated in both stages of the study enabled identification of four individuals who had seroconverted during the study period. Identifying the circulation of orthohantaviruses in the Utiariti Indigenous land highlights a serious public health problem in viral expansion and highlights the need to implement preventive measures appropriate to the sociocultural reality of these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Pereira Terças-Trettel
- Nursing Department, Mato Grosso State University Campus Tangara da Serra, Tangara da Serra 78300-000, MT, Brazil;
- Public Health Institute, Mato Grosso Federal University, Cuiaba 78060-900, MT, Brazil; (M.A.); (M.M.E.)
- Laboratory of Hantaviruses and Rickettsioses, Oswaldo Cruz Institute—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (A.G.); (J.F.); (L.S.P.)
| | | | - Renata Carvalho de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Hantaviruses and Rickettsioses, Oswaldo Cruz Institute—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (A.G.); (J.F.); (L.S.P.)
| | - Alexandro Guterres
- Laboratory of Hantaviruses and Rickettsioses, Oswaldo Cruz Institute—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (A.G.); (J.F.); (L.S.P.)
| | - Jorlan Fernandes
- Laboratory of Hantaviruses and Rickettsioses, Oswaldo Cruz Institute—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (A.G.); (J.F.); (L.S.P.)
| | - Liana Stretch Pereira
- Laboratory of Hantaviruses and Rickettsioses, Oswaldo Cruz Institute—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (A.G.); (J.F.); (L.S.P.)
| | - Marina Atanaka
- Public Health Institute, Mato Grosso Federal University, Cuiaba 78060-900, MT, Brazil; (M.A.); (M.M.E.)
| | - Mariano Martinez Espinosa
- Public Health Institute, Mato Grosso Federal University, Cuiaba 78060-900, MT, Brazil; (M.A.); (M.M.E.)
| | - Bernardo Rodrigues Teixeira
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammals Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Institute—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (B.R.T.); (C.R.B.); (P.S.D.)
| | - Cibele Rodrigues Bonvicino
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammals Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Institute—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (B.R.T.); (C.R.B.); (P.S.D.)
| | - Paulo Sérgio D’Andrea
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammals Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Institute—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (B.R.T.); (C.R.B.); (P.S.D.)
| | - Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos
- Laboratory of Hantaviruses and Rickettsioses, Oswaldo Cruz Institute—FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (A.G.); (J.F.); (L.S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-2562-1706
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Scarpa G, Berrang-Ford L, Bawajeeh AO, Twesigomwe S, Kakwangire P, Peters R, Beer S, Williams G, Zavaleta-Cortijo C, Namanya DB, Lwasa S, Nowembabazi E, Kesande C, Rippin H, Cade JE. Developing an online food composition database for an Indigenous population in south-western Uganda. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:2455-2464. [PMID: 33843552 PMCID: PMC8145457 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021001397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an online food composition database of locally consumed foods among an Indigenous population in south-western Uganda. DESIGN Using a community-based approach and collaboration with local nutritionists, we collected a list of foods for inclusion in the database through focus group discussions, an individual dietary survey and markets and shops assessment. The food database was then created using seven steps: identification of foods for inclusion in the database; initial data cleaning and removal of duplicate items; linkage of foods to existing generic food composition tables; mapping and calculation of the nutrient content of recipes and foods; allocating portion sizes and accompanying foods; quality checks with local and international nutritionists; and translation into relevant local languages. SETTING Kanungu District, south-western Uganda. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-four participants, 36 Indigenous Batwa and 38 Bakiga, were randomly selected and interviewed to inform the development of a food list prior the construction of the food database. RESULTS We developed an online food database for south-western Uganda including 148 commonly consumed foods complete with values for 120 micronutrients and macronutrients. This was for use with the online dietary assessment tool myfood24. Of the locally reported foods included, 56 % (n 82 items) of the items were already available in the myfood24 database, while 25 % (n 37 items) were found in existing Ugandan and Tanzanian food databases, 18 % (n 27 items) came from generated recipes and 1 % (n 2 items) from food packaging labels. CONCLUSION Locally relevant food databases are sparse for African Indigenous communities. Here, we created a tool that can be used for assessing food intake and for tracking undernutrition among the communities living in Kanungu District. This will help to develop locally relevant food and nutrition policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Scarpa
- School of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Lea Berrang-Ford
- School of Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Uganda
| | - Areej O Bawajeeh
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, UK
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabastian Twesigomwe
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Uganda
| | - Paul Kakwangire
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Uganda
| | - Remco Peters
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | | | | | | | - Didacus B Namanya
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Uganda
- Ministry of Health, Uganda
| | - Shuaib Lwasa
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Uganda
- Department of Geography, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- The Global Center on Adaptation, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ester Nowembabazi
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Uganda
| | - Charity Kesande
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Team, Kanungu District, Uganda
| | - Holly Rippin
- WHO European Office for Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases (NCD Office), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Janet E Cade
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, UK
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Flores-Ramírez R, Ortega-Romero M, Christophe-Barbier O, Meléndez-Marmolejo JG, Rodriguez-Aguilar M, Lee-Rangel HA, Díaz de León-Martínez L. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures and early kidney damage in Mexican indigenous population. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:23060-23072. [PMID: 33432415 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12388-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The traditions and habits of indigenous communities in México include the use of wood and biomass burning to cook their food, which generates large amounts of smoke and therefore pollution inside the households. This smoke is composed of a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which at high levels of exposure cause carcinogenic, genotoxic effects and some chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases; however, few studies relate kidney health with exposure to PAHs. Thus, the aim of this study was the evaluation of 10 hydroxylated metabolites of PAHs (OH-PAHs), and their correlation with biomarkers of early kidney damage renal (cystatin-C (Cys-C)), osteopontin (OPN), retinol-binding protein-4 (RPB-4), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in the indigenous population of the Huasteca Potosina in Mexico. The results demonstrate the presence of the OH-PAHs and kidney damage biomarkers in 100% of the study population. The OH-PAHs were shown in the following order of frequency, 1-OH-PYR > 4-OH-PHE > 2-OH-NAP > 1-OH-NAP > 9-OH-FLU > 3-OH-FLU > 2-OH-FLU > 3-OH-PHE and with the following percentages of detection 97.6, 87.8, 78, 73.2, 68.3, 31.7, 14.6, and 12.2%, respectively. NGAL and RBP-4 were present in above 85% of the population, with mean concentrations of 78.5 ± 143.9 and 139.4 ± 131.7 ng/g creatinine, respectively, OPN (64%) with a mean concentration of 642.6 ± 723.3 ng/g g creatinine, and Cys-C with a mean concentration of 33.72 ± 44.96 ng/g creatinine. Correlations were found between 1-OH-NAP, 2-OH-NAP, 9-OH-FLU, and 4-OH-PHE and the four biomarkers of early kidney damage. 3-OH-FLU with OPN and 1-OH-PYR correlated significantly with NGAL, OPN, and RPB-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Manolo Ortega-Romero
- Toxicology Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Olivier Christophe-Barbier
- Toxicology Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jessica Guadalupe Meléndez-Marmolejo
- Center for Applied Research on Environment and Health (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | | | - Héctor A Lee-Rangel
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Centro de Biociencias, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosí, km. 14.5 Carr. San Luis Potosí-Matehuala, 78321, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Lorena Díaz de León-Martínez
- Center for Applied Research on Environment and Health (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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Munajat MB, Rahim MAFA, Wahid W, Seri Rakna MIM, Divis PCS, Chuangchaiya S, Lubis IND, Osman E, Mohd Kasri MR, Idris ZM. Perceptions and prevention practices on malaria among the indigenous Orang Asli community in Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia. Malar J 2021; 20:202. [PMID: 33906645 PMCID: PMC8077949 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaysia is on track towards malaria elimination. However, several cases of malaria still occur in the country. Contributing factors and communal aspects have noteworthy effects on any malaria elimination activities. Thus, assessing the community's knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards malaria is essential. This study was performed to evaluate KAP regarding malaria among the indigenous people (i.e. Orang Asli) in Peninsular Malaysia. METHODS A household-based cross-sectional study was conducted in five remote villages (clusters) of Orang Asli located in the State of Kelantan, a central region of the country. Community members aged six years and above were interviewed. Demographic, socio-economic and KAP data on malaria were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Overall, 536 individuals from 208 households were interviewed. Household indoor residual spraying (IRS) coverage and bed net ownership were 100% and 89.2%, respectively. A majority of respondents used mosquito bed nets every night (95.1%), but only 50.2% were aware that bed nets were used to prevent malaria. Nevertheless, almost all of the respondents (97.9%) were aware that malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes. Regarding practice for managing malaria, the most common practice adopted by the respondents was seeking treatment at the health facilities (70.9%), followed by self-purchase of medication from a local shop (12.7%), seeking treatment from a traditional healer (10.5%) and self-healing (5.9%). Concerning potential zoonotic malaria, about half of the respondents (47.2%) reported seeing monkeys from their houses and 20.1% reported entering nearby forests within the last 6 months. CONCLUSION This study found that most populations living in the villages have an acceptable level of knowledge and awareness about malaria. However, positive attitudes and practices concerning managing malaria require marked improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Bakhtiar Munajat
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Amirul Fitri A Rahim
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wathiqah Wahid
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Paul C S Divis
- Malaria Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Sriwipa Chuangchaiya
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Inke Nadia D Lubis
- Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20154, Indonesia
| | - Emelia Osman
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Zulkarnain Md Idris
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Sydora BC, Graham B, Oster RT, Ross S. Menopause experience in First Nations women and initiatives for menopause symptom awareness; a community-based participatory research approach. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:179. [PMID: 33902542 PMCID: PMC8077762 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little research has been conducted about menopause in First Nations women. In response to the wishes of Cree women living in Maskwacis, Alberta, to start a dialogue on menopause, we undertook community-based participatory research (CBPR) to explore menopause experience and raise awareness of menopause symptoms in the community. METHODS The research adhered to the principles of Ownership, Control, Access and Possession (OCAP™) and was guided by the interest of the participating women. Local women (target age 40-65 years) were invited to participate in workshops using word-of-mouth and community posters in health centers. Five research workshops were held in community settings, attended by experienced women's health researchers and consenting women. The participants guided the informal discussions. They also completed questionnaires which included menopause-related quality of life. The researchers used extensive hand-written field notes to record data; qualitative content analysis was applied to identify themes. Simple descriptive analysis was used for the questionnaire results. The findings were discussed at a community feedback session and laid the basis for further knowledge translation initiatives. RESULTS The five workshops included a total of 37, mostly post-menopausal women with 6-11 women/workshop. The main discussion themes were: "experiences of menopause symptoms" including their impact on quality of life; "menopause knowledge prior to their own experience" with most women feeling that they had insufficient information before menopause; "menopause symptom management" which mainly included practical strategies; "impact of menopause on family members" which was of prime concern with uncontrollable mood changes affecting the whole family and sometimes causing matrimonial disharmony. Questionnaire responses corroborated the workshop discussions. Knowledge translation of the research findings produced two information pamphlets specifically for the Maskwacis community: one for husband/partner, the other for women and family members. These pamphlets have been distributed in all areas of the community. CONCLUSION This CBPR project addressed a topic identified by the community as being important. Community members developed informative pamphlets in response to the women's concern of lack of understanding for menopause symptoms among families. This simple solution has been widely accepted by community members, opening the possibility of wider discussion about menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate C Sydora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 626-1 Community Service Centre, Royal Alexandra Hospital, 10240 Kingsway Ave, Edmonton, T5H-3V9, Canada.
| | - Bonny Graham
- Maskwacis Health Services, Maskwacis, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard T Oster
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sue Ross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 626-1 Community Service Centre, Royal Alexandra Hospital, 10240 Kingsway Ave, Edmonton, T5H-3V9, Canada
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Lewis ME, Volpert-Esmond HI, Deen JF, Modde E, Warne D. Stress and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk for Indigenous Populations throughout the Lifespan. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:1821. [PMID: 33668461 PMCID: PMC7918141 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indigenous people experience the greatest cardiometabolic disease disparity in the Unites States, yet high cardiometabolic disease risk factors do not fully explain the extent of the cardiometabolic disease disparity for Indigenous people. Stress, trauma, and racism occur at high rates within Indigenous communities and have not been well explored as significant contributors to cardiometabolic disease disparities despite emerging literature, and therefore will be described here. METHODS This descriptive study explores the relationship between cardiometabolic disease risks and Indigenous-specific stressors (e.g., early childhood stress and trauma, adulthood stress and trauma, and historical and intergenerational trauma) using current literature. Indigenous-specific protective factors against cardiometabolic disease are also reviewed. RESULTS Increasing research indicates that there is a relationship between Indigenous-specific stressful and traumatic life experiences and increased cardiometabolic disease risk. Mental health and psychophysiology play an important role in this relationship. Effective interventions to reduce cardiometabolic disease risk in Indigenous communities focus on ameliorating the negative effects of these stressors through the use of culturally specific health behaviors and activities. CONCLUSIONS There is increasing evidence that cultural connection and enculturation are protective factors for cardiometabolic disease, and may be galvanized through Indigenous-led training, research, and policy change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E. Lewis
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | | | - Jason F. Deen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Elizabeth Modde
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Donald Warne
- Family & Community Medicine Department, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
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Torres-Roman JS, Ronceros-Cardenas L, Valcarcel B, Arce-Huamani MA, Bazalar-Palacios J, Ybaseta-Medina J, La Vecchia C, Alvarez CS. Cervical cancer mortality in Peru: regional trend analysis from 2008-2017. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:219. [PMID: 33499858 PMCID: PMC7836503 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death among Latin American women. Peru has the sixth highest mortality rate for cervical cancer in the region with regional variations. We aimed to determine overall and regional cervical cancer mortality rates and trends in Peru between 2008 and 2017. METHODS We performed an ecological study on the number of deaths by cervical cancer in Peru. Deaths were extracted from the Peruvian Ministry of Health mortality database. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) were estimated per 100,000 women-years using the world standard Segi population. We computed mortality trends using the Joinpoint regression program, estimating the annual percent change (APC). For spatial analysis, GeoDA software was used. RESULTS Peru showed downward trends in the last decade (from 11.62 in 2008 to 9.69 in 2017 (APC = - 2.2, 95% CI: - 4.3, - 0.1, p < 0.05). According to regional-specific analysis, the highest ASMR was in the rainforest region, although this declined from 34.16 in 2008 to 17.98 in 2017 (APC = - 4.3, 95% CI: - 7.2, - 1.3, p < 0.01). Concerning spatial analysis and clustering, the mortality rates from 2008 to 2017 showed a positive spatial autocorrelation and significant clustering (Moran's I: 0.35, p < 0.001) predominantly in the neighboring North-East departments (Loreto, Ucayali, and San Martin). CONCLUSIONS Although mortality trends in the entire population are decreasing, mortality rates remain very high, mainly in the rainforest region. Our results encourage a need for further development and improvement of the current health care delivery system in Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Smith Torres-Roman
- Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru. .,Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru.
| | | | - Bryan Valcarcel
- Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru
| | - Miguel A Arce-Huamani
- Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.,Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru
| | - Janina Bazalar-Palacios
- Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru.,Universidad Católica Los Ángeles de Chimbote, Instituto de Investigación, Chimbote, Peru
| | - Jorge Ybaseta-Medina
- Latin American Network for Cancer Research (LAN-CANCER), Lima, Peru.,Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, Ica, Peru
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian S Alvarez
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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Sadath A, Jose K, Jiji KM, Mercy VT, Ragesh G, Arensman E. Prevalence and Determinants of Substance Use Among Indigenous Tribes in South India: Findings from a Tribal Household Survey. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021. [PMID: 33495925 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-00964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indigenous populations have higher substance use than non-indigenous populations. Current evidence on indigenous substance use is largely derived from national household surveys, while there are no specifically designed, culturally specific methodological studies available to determine the prevalence of substance abuse among the indigenous tribes. The present study examined the prevalence and predictors of alcohol use, smoking, and betel quid chewing among indigenous tribes in South India. METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional population-based random survey of 2186 tribal households in the Wayanad District, Kerala. A self-prepared, pilot-tested structured interview schedule was used to collect information on sociodemographic variables and substance use. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the sociodemographic predictors of substance use. RESULTS The overall prevalence of current alcohol use, current smoking and daily betel quid use was 17.2%, 18.8% and 47.6% respectively. Consistently, male gender (alcohol use OR = 13.55; smoking OR = 3.42; betel quid use OR = 1.65), increasing age (OR = 1.32; OR = 1.01; OR = 1.03), Paniya tribe status (OR = 2.24; OR = 1.39; OR = 5.38) and employment status being working (OR = 2.07; OR = 1.77; OR = 1.26) increased the risk of alcohol use, smoking and betel quid chewing. Furthermore, having 'no formal education' was associated with smoking (OR = 1.35), and betel quid chewing (OR = 3.27). CONCLUSION Substance use was high among the indigenous tribes. The male gender, increasing age, Paniya tribe and working status significantly influenced alcohol use, smoking and betel quid chewing. The results underscore the need for indigenous specific de-addiction policies and programmes, alongside a consideration of the critical sociodemographic predictors.
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Okabe T, Suguro N, Koito T, Endo K, Sugita H, Itoi S. Genetic and Morphological Characteristics in the Local Population of the Landlocked Salmon Oncorhynchus masou Originally Distributed in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2020; 22:812-823. [PMID: 32488506 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oncorhynchus masou, including subspecies of Oncorhynchus masou masou (yamame) and Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae (amago), is one of the salmonid groups impacted by human activity such as dam construction and release of non-native salmonids. In this study, we investigated the genetic structure of O. masou populations in the Sakawa and Sagami Rivers, Japan, by sequencing the mitochondrial control region. We hoped to identify genetically the O. masou populations specific to and originally native to Kanagawa Prefecture, where the two subspecies are thought to be present. The populations found in the upstream tributaries, where there has been no human impact and no upstream migration of fishes, were assumed to be descendants of the local O. masou populations in both river systems, and the morphological features seen here were similar to amago and yamame. However, both populations were genetically related to amago. In addition, only six haplotypes were detected in 315 individuals collected from 20 localities in the two river systems. Furthermore, haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of these populations were low, and high FST values were observed. These results suggest that the population size is restricted and genetic diversity is decreasing in the O. masou populations of the Sakawa and Sagami Rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Okabe
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, Nihon University, Fujisawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Suguro
- Freshwater Experiment Station, Kanagawa Prefectural Fisheries Technology Center, Sagamihara, 252-0135, Japan
| | - Tomoko Koito
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, Nihon University, Fujisawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Kento Endo
- Freshwater Experiment Station, Kanagawa Prefectural Fisheries Technology Center, Sagamihara, 252-0135, Japan
| | - Haruo Sugita
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, Nihon University, Fujisawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Shiro Itoi
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, Nihon University, Fujisawa, 252-0880, Japan.
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Palamim CVC, Ortega MM, Marson FAL. COVID-19 in the Indigenous Population of Brazil. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2020; 7:1053-1058. [PMID: 33025421 PMCID: PMC7537979 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brazil has 896,917 Indigenous individuals distributed among 505 Indigenous lands. There are 274 different Indigenous languages within 305 Indigenous ethnic groups. The Indigenous population is susceptible to pandemics, especially to the current pandemic of COVID-19, which has spread rapidly. In Brazil, after the first COVID-19-confirmed Indigenous case on 05th June 2020, more 420 suspected cases, 1727 confirmed cases being 934 active cases, 715 cases with clinical cure, and 70 cases of death were accounted through the first week of June. The number of cases is underestimated, according to the Special Secretariat for Indigenous Health (SESAI) database, since the deaths are due to respiratory failure, possibly caused by COVID-19, but not confirmed. The first COVID-19-caused death was a 15-year-old Indigenous Yanomami teenage from Roraima State without known previous diseases history and/or comorbidities. In the present study, the importance of social isolation, especially for Indigenous people who are more vulnerable to the COVID-19, was highlighted by the identification of the infection community. An Indigenous of the Kokama ethnicity was infected after coming in contact with a Medical Doctor who was infected with the disease. Later, it was noticed that both, Indigenous and doctor, were responsible for COVID-19’s transmission to 43 other Indigenous individuals (30 in Alto Rio Solimões and 13 in Parintis), causing possibly other confirmed deaths. The impact of COVID-19 for Indigenous population might be an unprecedented tragedy, and the government in Brazil must take emergency measures as the social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Vantini Capasso Palamim
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218. Jardim São José, Bragança Paulista, 12916-000, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, São Francisco University, Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218. Jardim São José, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, 12916-900, Brazil
| | - Manoela Marques Ortega
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218. Jardim São José, Bragança Paulista, 12916-000, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, São Francisco University, Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218. Jardim São José, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, 12916-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218. Jardim São José, Bragança Paulista, 12916-000, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, São Francisco University, Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218. Jardim São José, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, 12916-900, Brazil.
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de Paula VS, Milagres FAP, Oliveira GDM, Miguel JC, Cruz HM, Scalioni LDP, Marques VA, Magalhães MDAFM, Romão AR, Gracie R, Villar LM. High prevalence of hepatitis A in indigenous population in north Brazil. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:458. [PMID: 32993814 PMCID: PMC7526101 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05303-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Little is known about hepatitis A virus (HAV) prevalence in indigenous communities. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of HAV in indigenous community compared to urban population located at Western Amazon in Brazil. Results A total of 872 serum samples were obtained from 491 indigenous and 381 non indigenous individuals aging 0 to 90 years. Samples were tested for total and IgM anti-HAV and positive IgM samples were tested for HAV RNA. The overall prevalence of total anti-HAV was 87%, increased according age showing 100% of prevalence in those aging more than 30 years (p < 0.0001) and it was similar among indigenous and urban population. Total anti-HAV prevalence varied between tribes (p < 0.0001) and urban sites (p = 0.0014) and spatial distribution showed high prevalence in homes that received up to 100 dollars. IgM anti-HAV prevalence was 1.7% with predominance in males, those aging more than 41 years. No HAV RNA was detected. In conclusion, high overall anti-HAV prevalence was found in indigenous communities in North Brazil demonstrating the importance of universal vaccination in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juliana Custódio Miguel
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion, Ground Floor, Room B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Helena Medina Cruz
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion, Ground Floor, Room B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Leticia de Paula Scalioni
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion, Ground Floor, Room B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 210360-040, Brazil.,Hepatology Research Group, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Vanessa Alves Marques
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion, Ground Floor, Room B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 210360-040, Brazil
| | | | - Anselmo Rocha Romão
- Laboratory of Information in Health, Institute of Communication and Technological and Scientific Information in Health (ICICT), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Gracie
- Laboratory of Information in Health, Institute of Communication and Technological and Scientific Information in Health (ICICT), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion, Ground Floor, Room B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 210360-040, Brazil.
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Abrahão GP, Santos MC, Vieira Filho JPB, Dal Fabbro AL, Franco LJ, Moises RS. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and its association with glucose intolerance in an indigenous population. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:1318-22. [PMID: 32900517 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial disease resulting from diverse genetic and environmental factors as well as the interaction between them. Low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], an indicator of vitamin D status, have been associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, but not consistently. Also, it remains to be determined if this association differs among ethnic groups. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate vitamin D status and its association with glucose intolerance in a Brazilian indigenous population, the Xavante Indians. METHODS The study population consisted of 819 full Xavante Indians (410 women), aged ≥18 years and living in two indigenous reserves located in Mato Grosso State, central region of Brazil. Clinical examination and anthropometrical measurements were made, blood samples were obtained for total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and 25(OH)D measurement. Fasting and 2-h post 75 g oral glucose load capillary glucose was measured. Vitamin D status was defined by serum 25(OH)D levels: vitamin D sufficiency (25(OH)D: 30-100 ng/mL), vitamin D insufficiency (25(OH)D: 20- <30 ng/mL) and vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D: < 20 ng/mL). Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify independent associations between 25(OH)D levels and impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus. RESULTS Analyses stratified by 25(OH)D levels shows that 65.5% of the population had vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency (25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL). 25(OH)D concentrations were lower in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus than in normal glucose tolerant individuals. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed an inverse association between increments of 25(OH)D and presence of diabetes mellitus (OR per 1 ng/mL increase in 25(OH)D: 0.97; 95% confidence interval: 0.95-0.99), or impaired glucose tolerance (OR per 1 ng/mL increase in 25(OH)D: 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.85-0.89), in an age, sex, BMI and season of sampling-adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS The present population-based study found a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among Xavante Indians. In this at-risk population of type 2 diabetes, a significant association of higher serum 25(OH)D with a decreased prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance was observed.
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Shah A, Bhushan B, Akhtar S, Singh PK, Garg M, Gupta M. Effectiveness of mouth self-examination for screening of oral premalignant/malignant diseases in tribal population of Dehradun district. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:4381-4385. [PMID: 33110864 PMCID: PMC7586626 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_535_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mouth self-examination (MSE) is shown as a speedy, economical, and effortless method of oral cancer detection. As previous studies were conducted in population with high literacy, the current survey was performed to explore the usefulness of MSE for finding the oral cancerous precancerous lesions in indigenous low literate population of Dehradun district. Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional survey which was done on the Buksa tribal communities in Dehradun district, India. Out of seven tehsils in the district, two were randomly selected, from which two villages were selected. Individuals belonging to Buksa tribe above the age of 18 years were gathered in commonplace. A total of 539 people who gave their consent were enrolled for study. Using a questionnaire, information regarding sociodemographic details, history of risk factors, and practice of MSE was obtained by interview method, followed by recording oral findings by a single expert. Later, performance of MSE was taught to the participants and they were asked to record the same. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square test were applied wherever applicable and significance level was kept at below 0.05. Results: It was observed that out of 539 participants, 220 (40.8%) practiced MSE and 319 (59.2%) have never practiced MSE. Further analysis showed that a total of 39% males and 42.7% females had MSE habits and this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In totality, the prevalence of oral lesions identified by health worker was 213 (39.5%), whereas MSE showed only prevalence rate of 69 (12.8%). MSE had low sensitivity (24.6%), whereas high specificity (87.4%) for all the lesions and most sensitive in detecting ulcers (72.7%), and highest specificity in identifying red lesions (99.2%). Conclusion: Even though the sensitivity of MSE for detecting oral premalignant/malignant lesions was low, specificity was very high. Frequent efforts to educate and encourage public on MSE may enhance efficacy and compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Shah
- Department of Dentistry, Government Doon Medical College (Hospital), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Department of Dentistry, Govt Medical College, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Saifullah Akhtar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dental College Azamgarh, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge and Implantology, Banaras, Dental College Azamgarh, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhur Garg
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mayank Gupta
- Consultant Orthdontist, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Whitehead L, Glass CC, Abel SL, Sharp K, Coppell KJ. Exploring the role of goal setting in weight loss for adults recently diagnosed with pre-diabetes. BMC Nurs 2020; 19:67. [PMID: 32684841 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-020-00462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The management of prediabetes in the community setting is a global priority. We evaluated the feasibility of a 6-month multilevel practice nurse-led prediabetes dietary intervention which involved goal setting. The aim of this paper is to explore the weight loss goals and strategies reported by participants to achieve their weight loss goals as recorded by practice nurses, and report on factors that influenced dietary behaviours. Methods This study used a convergent mixed-methods design. A six-month pragmatic non-randomised pilot study with a qualitative process evaluation was conducted in two neighbouring provincial cities in New Zealand. A structured dietary intervention delivered by practice nurses was implemented in four practices in 2014–2016. Content analysis of the text and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Results One hundred and fifty seven people with prediabetes were enrolled (85 intervention, 72 control). The intervention group lost a mean 1.3 kg more than the control group (p < .0.001). The majority of the intervention group indicated either a high level of readiness (n = 42, 53%) or some readiness (n = 31, 39%) to make food changes. The majority of weight loss goals aligned with clinical guidelines (between 5 and 10% of body weight). While just over half (n = 47, 55%) demonstrated weight loss at the end of the six month period, the majority of participants did not achieve their predetermined weight loss goal (n = 78, 83%). Gender, ethnicity and budget were not related to weight loss at six months. Readiness to change and reported challenges to making dietary changes were related to weight loss at six months. Negative factors or set-backs included sporadic adherence to diet due to other health problems, change in context or environment and coping with ill health, most notably stress and low mood. Conclusions The data relating to weight loss and dietary goals provided insight into the challenges that people faced in making dietary changes for weight loss across a six month period. Simplifying goal setting to those goals with the greatest potential clinical impact or the greatest significance to the person, in a socially supportive environment, may increase the success of goal achievement. Trial registration ANZCTR ACTRN1261500080656. Registered 3 August 2015 (Retrospectively registered). https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=366560&isReview=true
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de Souza RSB, de Oliveira JC, Alvares-Teodoro J, Teodoro MLM. [Suicide and indigenous populations in Brazil: systematic reviewEl suicidio y los pueblos indígenas brasileños: revisión sistemática]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2020; 44:e58. [PMID: 32612644 PMCID: PMC7323757 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the frequency, characteristics, and factors contributing to suicide in indigenous populations in Brazil. Method A systematic review of the literature was performed in PubMed, SciELO, PsycINFO, and LILACS. All population-based studies focusing on suicide among indigenous populations in Brazil were included. Results The search identified 111 articles, of which nine met the inclusion criteria. Three of these studies were performed in the Midwest and four in the North of Brazil, while two covered all Brazilian regions. The ethnic groups investigated were specified in three studies (Terena, Kadiweu, Guato, Ofaie-Xavante, Guarani, Guarani-Kaiowá, and Guarani-Nandeva). Suicide rates were highest among males, single individuals, those with 4 to 11 years of schooling, and those aged 15 to 24 years. Suicides occurred most often in the home and on weekends, mostly by hanging. The main risk factors for suicide identified in the articles were poverty, historical and cultural factors, poor wellbeing indicators, family disintegration, social vulnerability, and lack of life or future perspective. Conclusions All the studies indicated the need to engage communities in developing strategies, considering their cosmovision and the social, historic, and cultural view of each ethnic group to minimize risk factors and reduce suicide rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Santhiago Bonfim de Souza
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia: Cognição e Comportamento (CogCom) Belo HorizonteMG Brasil Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia: Cognição e Comportamento (CogCom), Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Júlia Costa de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Belo HorizonteMG Brasil Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Juliana Alvares-Teodoro
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicamentos e Assistência Farmacêutica Belo HorizonteMG Brasil Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicamentos e Assistência Farmacêutica, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
| | - Maycoln Leôni Martins Teodoro
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia: Cognição e Comportamento (CogCom) Belo HorizonteMG Brasil Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia: Cognição e Comportamento (CogCom), Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil
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Júnior JG, Moreira MM, Pinheiro WR, de Amorim LM, Lima CKT, da Silva CGL, Neto MLR. The mental health of those whose rights have been taken away: An essay on the mental health of indigenous peoples in the face of the 2019 Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. Psychiatry Res 2020; 289:113094. [PMID: 32405114 PMCID: PMC7219388 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND : In Latin America there are about 45 million indigenous people in 826 communities that represent 8.3% of the population. An estimated 798,365 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander were in Australia, 5,2 million indigenous people living in America and 2,13 million in Canada. Racial/ethnic disparities in mental health service use have increased especially in the context of the new coronavirus pandemic. Thus, we aimed to describe the mental health situation of the indigenous population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD : The studies were identified in well-known international journals found in three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and MEDLINE. The data were cross-checked with information from the main international newspapers. RESULTS : According to the literature, due to the COVID-19 pandemic there is a lack of specialized mental health services and professionals, a restricted access to quality information and a lack of access to inputs, causing negative feelings and it can exacerbate pre-existing mental problems (eg: depression, suicidal ideation, smoking and binge drink). The cultural differences are a risk factor to worsen the mental health of this already vulnerable population. CONCLUSION : providing psychological first aid is an essential care component for indigenous populations that have been victims COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jucier Gonçalves Júnior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Santa casa de Misericórdia de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcial Moreno Moreira
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Cariri (UFCA), Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil,School of Medicine of Juazeiro do Norte (FMJ/Estácio) – Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Claúdio Gleidiston Lima da Silva
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Cariri (UFCA), Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil,School of Medicine of Juazeiro do Norte (FMJ/Estácio) – Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Modesto Leite Rolim Neto
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Cariri (UFCA), Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil,School of Medicine of Juazeiro do Norte (FMJ/Estácio) – Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil,Corresponding author
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Silva da Cruz AJ, Moreno-Drada JA, Santos JS, Nogueira Guimaraes de Abreu MH. Dental Caries Remains a Significant Public Health Problem for South American Indigenous People. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2020; 20:101418. [PMID: 32473803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2020.101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
ARTICLE TITLE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION Dental caries in South American Indigenous people: A systematic review. Soares GH, Pereira NF, Gabriela M, Biazevic H, Braga MM, Michel-Crosato E. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2019;47(2):142-52. SOURCE OF FUNDING Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). TYPE OF STUDY/DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis.
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Flores-Orozco EI, Pérez-Rodríguez PM, Flores-Mendoza EA, Flores-Ramos JM, Rovira-Lastra B, Martinez-Gomis J. Nutritional status and masticatory function of the indigenous compared with non-indigenous people of Nayarit, Mexico. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 115:104731. [PMID: 32446997 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the nutritional statuses and masticatory function of the non-indigenous and indigenous adult people of the state of Nayarit, Mexico. DESIGN Forty-two indigenous (Cora or Huichol ethnic group) and 100 non-indigenous people, all adults with natural dentition, participated in this cross-sectional study. They performed a free-style masticatory test consisting five trials of chewing silicon pieces for 20 cycles. Masticatory performance was determined by sieving the silicon particles, masticatory laterality was determined by calculating the asymmetry index, and the cycle duration was also recorded. Weight and body fat mass were measured using a portable digital weighing machine and height and body circumferences were recorded to calculate the body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and the waist-hip ratio. Each aspect of masticatory function and each nutritional variable were compared using T-test, analysis of variance, and Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney tests, as appropriate. RESULTS Body fat percentage, BMI, and waist-hip ratio were higher (P < 0.0005) in the indigenous group compared to the non-indigenous. The indigenous group had a significantly shorter stature than the non-indigenous group. Cora group had a higher BMI and higher percentage of body fat than the Huichol group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were detected between the groups for any aspect of masticatory function. CONCLUSIONS Indigenous people from the Nayarit, especially the Cora ethnic group, are more obese, have more total body fat, and more abdominal fat than non-indigenous people. Indigenous people show similar masticatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José María Flores-Ramos
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Bernat Rovira-Lastra
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Oral Health and Masticatory System Group (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Martinez-Gomis
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Oral Health and Masticatory System Group (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Goettke E, Reynolds J. "It's all interconnected… like a spider web": a qualitative study of the meanings of food and healthy eating in an Indigenous community. Int J Circumpolar Health 2020; 78:1648969. [PMID: 31357907 PMCID: PMC6711030 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2019.1648969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Canadian Indigenous populations are disproportionately affected by rising rates of diet-related chronic disease and have been experiencing rapid lifestyle changes affecting diet. In recognition of these issues, this study aimed to obtain greater understanding of attitudes and meanings around healthy eating in a semi-remote community in Eeyou Istchee. A qualitative study design used semi-structured interviews and observational field notes to explore local accounts of food and health. Two distinct versions of “healthy eating” were identified: one relating to traditional food and preparation methods; the other reflecting medicalised accounts of illness and diagnosed conditions. The latter links with “southern” modes of accessing and preparing food, demonstrating local capacity to adapt to the rapid changes in body, lifestyle and environment being experienced. New connections, associating non-native ways with traditional practices, are being formed where traditional ways of living on the land have been severed. These local accounts show how people are continually negotiating different constructs of “healthy eating.” These findings expand current understandings of the context of food and healthy eating in Eeyou Istchee, emphasising present-day and historical experiences of the land. Future research and diet-related health interventions must continue to acknowledge and incorporate local understandings of health to help address the broader socio-political factors that shape Indigenous lifestyles, environments and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Goettke
- a Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London , UK.,b Department of Population Health Sciences, King's College London , London , UK
| | - J Reynolds
- a Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London , UK
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D'Onise K, Iacobini ET, Canuto KJ. Colorectal cancer screening using faecal occult blood tests for Indigenous adults: A systematic literature review of barriers, enablers and implemented strategies. Prev Med 2020; 134:106018. [PMID: 32057956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening using a Faecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) is a well-established population intervention to reduce mortality and morbidity of CRC. As Indigenous people are not fully benefiting from the screening programs, a greater understanding of barriers and enablers affecting participation is needed. METHODS Searches were carried out in PubMed, Embase, Sociological Abstracts, Scopus, CINAHL, and selected websites. Both qualitative and quantitative studies related to Indigenous populations of Canada, New Zealand, Australia and the United States of America were assessed for quality and data related to FOBT were extracted and synthetised. RESULTS A total of 375 publications were identified and screened against the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Thirty-four studies were included in the review. The barriers for participation in CRC screening included the lack of culturally competent health service access, particularly access to Indigenous health service providers. Medical discrimination, long-standing distrust in Western medicine and/or health staff and screening tests were all identified as barriers for Indigenous people. There were a small number of promising interventions to improve participation, which could be considered on a broader scale to increase overall participation by Indigenous people in CRC screening. CONCLUSIONS The review identified barriers and possible enablers for Indigenous participation in the CRC screening program, some which appear to be unique to Indigenous people. Further intervention studies conducted in partnership with Indigenous communities are needed to improve participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina D'Onise
- Prevention and Population Health Directorate, Wellbeing SA, Citi Centre Building, 11 Hindmarsh Square, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Katina.D'
| | | | - Karla Joy Canuto
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Tonkin E, Kennedy D, Hanieh S, Biggs BA, Kearns T, Gondarra V, Dhurrkay R, Brimblecombe J. Dietary intake of Aboriginal Australian children aged 6-36 months in a remote community: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J 2020; 19:34. [PMID: 32295575 PMCID: PMC7161145 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scarce literature comprehensively captures the transition to solid foods for children in remote Aboriginal Australian communities, a population expected to be especially vulnerable to nutritional inadequacy for largely socio-economic reasons. This study describes the dietary intake of children aged 6-36 months in a remote Aboriginal community during the years of solids introduction and establishment. Specifically, we aimed to explore milk feeding practices, major sources of nutrition and traditional food consumption, dietary patterns and nutrient and food group intakes, and compare these to national and international recommendations. METHODS This dietary assessment was conducted as part of an observational, cross-sectional Child Health and Nutrition study. Three 24-h dietary recalls were completed with the parent/care-giver of each participant over 2-4 weeks, capturing a pay-week, non-pay-week and weekend day from October 2017-February 2018. Additional information collected included sociodemographic data, food security status, usual cooking practices, and attendance at playgroup. RESULTS Diet histories for 40 children were included in the analysis (~ 40% of the population). Breast feeding rates were high (85%), with mothers exclusively feeding on demand. Very few participants met recommended intakes for wholegrains (n = 4, 10%), vegetables (n = 7, 18%), dairy (n = 5, 18%) and fruit (n = 13, 33%), while more children met the guidelines for meat (n = 19, 48%) and discretionary food intake (n = 28, 70%). Traditional foods were always nutritionally dense and consumed frequently (n = 22, 55% of children). Statistically significant pay-cycle differences in intakes of all macro-, and numerous micro-nutrients were observed. CONCLUSIONS Many positive early feeding practices are currently enacted in remote Aboriginal communities including responsive and long duration breastfeeding, and nutrient-dense traditional food consumption from earliest solids introduction. However, the non-pay-week/pay-week cycle is impacting the quality and quantity of children's diets at a time of rapid growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Tonkin
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, 3168, Australia. .,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, 5042, Australia.
| | - Dani Kennedy
- Nutrition Program, Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Disease, Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina, Northern Territory, 0810, Australia
| | - Sarah Hanieh
- Department of Medicine at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Beverley-Ann Biggs
- Department of Medicine at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Therese Kearns
- Child Health, Menzies School of Health Research, Spring Hill, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Veronica Gondarra
- Nutrition Program, Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Disease, Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina, Northern Territory, 0810, Australia
| | - Roslyn Dhurrkay
- Nutrition Program, Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Disease, Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina, Northern Territory, 0810, Australia
| | - Julie Brimblecombe
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, 3168, Australia.,Nutrition Program, Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic Disease, Menzies School of Health Research, Casuarina, Northern Territory, 0810, Australia
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