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Li G, Hu L, Gu X, Zhu W, Zhen X, Sun X. Targeting Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels to Ameliorate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior in Mice. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1239-1253. [PMID: 38383879 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays crucial role in the development and progression of depression. Large conductance calcium- and voltage-dependent potassium (BK) channels mediate the activation of microglia. Herein, we investigated whether BK channels could serve as a target for the treatment of inflammation-associated depression. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.83 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) to induce neuroinflammation and depressive-like behavior in 6-8 week ICR mice. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) constructs (AAV9-Iba1p-BK shRNA-EGFP (BK shRNA-AAV) or AAV9-Iba1p-NC shRNA-EGFP (NC shRNA-AAV)) were unilaterally injected intracerebroventricularly to selectively knock down BK channels in microglia. The tail suspension test (TST) and forced-swim test (FST) were used to evaluate depressive-like behavior in mice 24 h after LPS challenge. The morphology of microglia, expression of BK channels, levels of cytokines, and expression and activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) were measured by immunohistochemistry, western blot, quantitative real time PCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Either paxilline (i.p.), a specific BK channel blocker, or BK shRNA-AAV effectively inhibited the activation of microglia, reduced the production of IL-1β in the hippocampus and suppressed the expression and activity of IDO in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, resulting in the amelioration of depressive-like behavior in mice. These data suggest for the first time that BK channels are involved in LPS-induced depressive-like behaviors. Thus, microglia BK channels may be a potential drug target for the depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangjing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangcheng Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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Vaughan J, Patel M, Suchard M, Gededzha M, Ranchod H, Howard W, Snyman T, Wiggill T. Derangements of immunological proteins in HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: the frequency and prognostic impact. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1340096. [PMID: 38633747 PMCID: PMC11021765 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1340096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive malignancy of B-cells frequently encountered among people living with HIV. Immunological abnormalities are common in immunocompetent individuals with DLBCL, and are often associated with poorer outcomes. Currently, data on derangements of immunological proteins, such as cytokines and acute phase reactants, and their impact on outcomes in HIV-associated DLBCL (HIV-DLBCL) is lacking. This study assessed the levels and prognostic relevance of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ), the acute phase proteins C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin; serum free light chains (SFLC) (elevation of which reflects a prolonged pro-inflammatory state); and the activity of the immunosuppressive enzyme Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)in South African patients with DLBCL. Methods Seventy-six patients with incident DLBCL were enrolled, and peripheral blood IL-6, IL-10, TGFβ, SFLC and IDO-activity measured in selected patients. Additional clinical and laboratory findings (including ferritin and CRP) were recorded from the hospital records. Results Sixty-one (80.3%) of the included patients were people living with HIV (median CD4-count = 148 cells/ul), and survival rates were poor (12-month survival rate 30.0%). The majority of the immunological proteins, except for TGFβ and ferritin, were significantly higher among the people living with HIV. Elevation of IL-6, SFLC and IDO-activity were not associated with survival in HIV-DLBCL, while raised IL-10, CRP, ferritin and TGFβ were. On multivariate analysis, immunological proteins associated with survival independently from the International Prognostic Index (IPI) included TGFβ, ferritin and IL-10. Conclusion Derangements of immunological proteins are common in HIV-DLBCL, and have a differential association with survival compared to that reported elsewhere. Elevation of TGFβ, IL-10 and ferritin were associated with survival independently from the IPI. In view of the poor survival rates in this cohort, investigation of the directed targeting of these cytokines would be of interest in our setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Vaughan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Moosa Patel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Clinical Haematology Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Melinda Suchard
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maemu Gededzha
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Immunology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heena Ranchod
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wayne Howard
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tracy Snyman
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tracey Wiggill
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Wang Z, Li W, Jiang Y, Tran TB, Chung J, Kim M, Scott AJ, Lu J. Camptothesome-based combination nanotherapeutic regimen for improved colorectal cancer immunochemotherapy. Biomaterials 2024; 306:122477. [PMID: 38309054 PMCID: PMC10922823 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Camptothesome is a sphingomyelin-conjugated camptothecin (SM-CSS-CPT) nanovesicle that fortified the therapeutic delivery of CPT in diverse cancer types. To mitigate the Camptothesome-induced IDO1 negative feedback mechanism, we had co-encapsulated, indoximod (IND, IDO1 inhibitor) into Camptothesome using doxorubicin-derived IND (DOX-IND). To maximize the therapeutic potential of DOX-IND/Camptothesome, herein, we first dissected the synergistic drug ratio (DOX-IND/SM-CSS-CPT) via systematical in vitro screening. DOX-IND/Camptothesome with optimal drug ratio synchronized in vivo drug delivery with significantly higher tumor uptake compared to free drugs. This optimum DOX-IND/Camptothesome outperformed the combination of Camptothesome, Doxil and IND or other IDO1 inhibitors (BMS-986205 or epacadostat) in treating mice bearing late-stage MC38 tumors, and combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) enabled it to eradicate 60 % of large tumors. Further, this optimized co-delivery Camptothesome beat Folfox and Folfiri, two first-line combination chemotherapies for colorectal cancer in antitumor efficacy and exhibited no side effects as compared to the severe systemic toxicities associated with Folfox and Folfiri. Finally, we demonstrated that the synergistic DOX-IND/Camptothesome was superior to the combined use of Onivyde + Doxil + IND in curbing the advanced orthotopic CT26-Luc tumors and eliminated 40 % tumors with complete metastasis remission when cooperated with ICB, eliciting stronger anti-CRC immune responses and greater reversal of immunosuppression. These results corroborated that with precise optimal synergistic drug ratio, the therapeutic potential of DOX-IND/Camptothesome can be fully unleased, which warrants further clinical investigation to benefit the cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiren Wang
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Wenpan Li
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Yanhao Jiang
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Tuyen Ba Tran
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Jinha Chung
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Minhyeok Kim
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Aaron James Scott
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Program, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States; BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Jianqin Lu
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States; BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, United States.
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Yamamoto N, Satouchi M, Doi T, Fujiwara Y, Yanagitani N, Kawa Y, Yoh K, Leopold L, Munteanu M, Sawada T, Han S, Noguchi K, Nishio M. KEYNOTE-434 part B: A phase 1 study evaluating the combination of epacadostat, pembrolizumab, and chemotherapy in Japanese patients with previously untreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Invest New Drugs 2024:10.1007/s10637-024-01422-6. [PMID: 38530565 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-024-01422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pembrolizumab plus epacadostat (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 inhibitor) was well tolerated in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors in part A of the nonrandomized, open-label, phase 1 KEYNOTE-434 study (NCT02862457). We report results from part B, which evaluated epacadostat plus pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in Japanese patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Eligible patients aged ≥ 20 years had histologically or cytologically confirmed stage IIIB or IV NSCLC with no prior systemic therapy, and ECOG performance status of 0 or 1. Patients received epacadostat 100 mg orally twice-daily, pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously every-3-weeks for ≤ 35 cycles, and 4 cycles of chemotherapy (cohort 1: cisplatin plus pemetrexed, non-squamous; cohort 2: carboplatin plus pemetrexed, non-squamous; cohort 3: carboplatin plus paclitaxel, squamous or non-squamous). Primary endpoint was incidence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). Following unfavorable results from other studies, a protocol amendment removed epacadostat from the treatment combination. RESULTS Of 19 patients, 7 were enrolled in cohort 1, and 6 each in cohorts 2 and 3. Median follow-up was 13.7 (range, 4.2-27.8) months. Five of 17 (29%) DLT-evaluable patients experienced ≥ 1 DLT (cohort 1, n = 1; cohorts 2 and 3, n = 2 each); most commonly maculopapular rash (grade 3, n = 3) and increased alanine aminotransferase (grade 2, n = 1; grade 3, n = 2). All patients experienced treatment-related adverse events (AEs); 58% experienced grade 3 or 4 treatment-related AEs. Objective response rate was 47%. CONCLUSION The combination of epacadostat plus pembrolizumab and chemotherapy was found to be tolerable in Japanese patients with advanced NSCLC. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT02862457.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Yamamoto
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5 Chome-1-1 Tsukiji, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Miyako Satouchi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Doi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Fujiwara
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5 Chome-1-1 Tsukiji, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Noriko Yanagitani
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kawa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Yoh
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Lance Leopold
- Incyte Corporation, Clinical Development, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | | | | | - Shirong Han
- MSD K.K. Oncology Science Unit, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Nishio
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Rim S, Vedøy OB, Brønstad I, McCann A, Meyer K, Steinsland H, Hanevik K. Inflammation, the kynurenines, and mucosal injury during human experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection. Med Microbiol Immunol 2024; 213:2. [PMID: 38430452 PMCID: PMC10908629 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-024-00786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of diarrhea in children and travelers, especially in low- and middle-income countries. ETEC is a non-invasive gut pathogen colonizing the small intestinal wall before secreting diarrhea-inducing enterotoxins. We sought to investigate the impact of ETEC infection on local and systemic host defenses by examining plasma markers of inflammation and mucosal injury as well as kynurenine pathway metabolites. Plasma samples from 21 volunteers experimentally infected with ETEC were collected before and 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after ingesting the ETEC dose, and grouped based on the level of intestinal ETEC proliferation: 14 volunteers experienced substantial proliferation (SP) and 7 had low proliferation (LP). Plasma markers of inflammation, kynurenine pathway metabolites, and related cofactors (vitamins B2 and B6) were quantified using targeted mass spectrometry, whereas ELISA was used to quantify the mucosal injury markers, regenerating islet-derived protein 3A (Reg3a), and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein 2 (iFABP). We observed increased concentrations of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), neopterin, kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KTR), and Reg3a in the SP group following dose ingestion. Vitamin B6 forms, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and pyridoxal, decreased over time in the SP group. CRP, SAA, and pyridoxic acid ratio correlated with ETEC proliferation levels. The changes following experimental ETEC infection indicate that ETEC, despite causing a non-invasive infection, induces systemic inflammation and mucosal injury when proliferating substantially, even in cases without diarrhea. It is conceivable that ETEC infections, especially when repeated, contribute to negative health impacts on children in ETEC endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehee Rim
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Oda Barth Vedøy
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingeborg Brønstad
- National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Hans Steinsland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kurt Hanevik
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, National Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Ebokaiwe AP, Olasehinde O, Chimezie IP, Odobi UR, Nvene C, Faith E. Zinc Ameliorates Cadmium-Induced Immunotoxicity by Modulating Splenic Immunosuppressive Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity, Hematological Indices, and CD4 + T Cells via Inhibition of Cadmium Uptake in Male Wistar Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1140-1149. [PMID: 37392360 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd)-induced immunotoxicity has become a matter of public health concern owing to its prevalence in the environment consequently, great potential for human exposure. Zinc (Zn) has been known to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-boosting properties. However, the ameliorating influence of Zn against Cd-induced immunotoxicity connecting the IDO pathway is lacking. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to normal drinking water with no metal contaminants (group 1), group 2 received drinking water containing 200 μg/L of Cd, group 3 received drinking water containing 200 μg/L of Zn, and group 4 received Cd and Zn as above in drinking water for 42 days. Cd exposure alone significantly triggered the splenic oxidative-inflammatory stress, increased activities of immunosuppressive tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenases (IDO) activities/protein expression, and decreased CD4+ T cell count, and a corresponding increase in the serum kynurenine concentration, as well as alterations in the hematological parameters and histologic structure when compared with the control (p < 0.05). Zn alone did not have any effect relative to the control group while co-exposure significantly (p < 0.05) assuaged the Cd-induced alterations in the studied parameters relative to the control. Cd-induced modifications in IDO 1 protein expression, IDO/TDO activities, oxidative-inflammatory stress, hematological parameters/CD4+ T cell, and histological structure in the spleen of rats within the time course of the investigation were prevented by Zn co-exposure via inhibition of Cd uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azubuike Peter Ebokaiwe
- Toxicology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, PMB 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Iyiagwor P Chimezie
- Toxicology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, PMB 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Ushang R Odobi
- Toxicology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, PMB 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Chiamaka Nvene
- Toxicology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, PMB 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Ekoh Faith
- Toxicology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, PMB 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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Muzik O, Shields AF, Barger GR, Jiang H, Chamiraju P, Juhász C. The First Human Application of an F-18-Labeled Tryptophan Analog for PET Imaging of Cancer. Mol Imaging Biol 2024; 26:29-35. [PMID: 38012510 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical studies showed the tryptophan analog PET radiotracer 1-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tryptophan (18F-FETrp) to accumulate in various tumors, including gliomas, and being metabolized via the immunosuppressive kynurenine pathway. In this first-in-human study, we tested the use 18F-FETrp-PET in patients with neuroendocrine and brain tumors. PROCEDURES We applied dynamic brain imaging in patients with gliomas (n = 2) and multi-pass 3D whole-body PET scans in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (n =4). Semiquantitative analysis of organ and tumor tracer uptake was performed using standardized uptake values (SUVs). In addition, organ dosimetry was performed based on extracted time-activity curves and the OLINDA software. RESULTS Neuroendocrine tumors showed an early peak (10-min post-injection) followed by washout. Both gliomas showed prolonged 18F-FETrp accumulation plateauing around 40 min and showing heterogeneous uptake including non-enhancing tumor regions. Biodistribution showed moderate liver uptake and fast clearance of radioactivity into the urinary bladder; the estimated effective doses were similar to other 18F-labeled radioligands. CONCLUSIONS The study provides proof-of-principle data for the safety and potential clinical value of 18F-FETrp-PET for molecular imaging of human gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Muzik
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
- PET Center, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Anthony F Shields
- PET Center, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Huailei Jiang
- PET Center, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Csaba Juhász
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- PET Center, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
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Huynh JC, Cho M, Monjazeb A, Al-Obeidi E, Singh A, Tam K, Lara F, Martinez A, Garcia L, Kim EJ. Phase I/II trial of BMS-986,205 and nivolumab as first line therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Invest New Drugs 2024; 42:35-43. [PMID: 38038862 PMCID: PMC10891185 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01416-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) helps orchestrate immune suppression and checkpoint inhibitor resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). BMS-986,205 is a novel oral drug that potently and selectively inhibits IDO. This Phase I/II study evaluated the safety and tolerability of BMS-986,205 in combination with nivolumab as first-line therapy in advanced HCC. METHODS Adults with untreated, unresectable/metastatic HCC received BMS-986,205 at two dose levels (50-100 mg orally daily) in combination with fixed dose nivolumab (240mg/m2 IV on Day 1 of each 14-day cycle). The primary objective was to determine the safety and tolerability of this combination; secondary objectives were to obtain preliminary efficacy. RESULTS Eight patients received a total of 91 treatment cycles in the dose escalation phase. All patients were Child Pugh A and 6 patients had underlying viral hepatitis. In the 6 evaluable patients, no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) elevation (3 patients) and diarrhea, maculopapular rash and increased alkaline phosphatase (2 patients each). Grade 3 events were diarrhea and AST elevation (1 patient), and hyperglycemia and pancreatitis requiring treatment discontinuation (1 patient). No grade 4-5 events occurred. Partial response was observed in 1 patient (12.5%) and stable disease in 3 patients (37.5%), yielding a disease control rate of 50%. Median PFS was 8.5 weeks; median OS was not reached. CONCLUSION Combination BMS-986,205 and nivolumab showed a manageable safety profile with durable benefit as first-line therapy in a meaningful subset of advanced HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine C Huynh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - May Cho
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Irvine Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Arta Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Ebaa Al-Obeidi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Amisha Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Kit Tam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Frances Lara
- Office of Clinical Research, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Anthony Martinez
- Office of Clinical Research, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Leslie Garcia
- Office of Clinical Research, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Edward J Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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Ke H, Zhang W, Xu W, Cao Q, Li L, Liu H. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase-transfected bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote corneal allograft survival by inhibiting T cell proliferation: A rat study. Transpl Immunol 2024; 82:101960. [PMID: 38007171 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Allograft rejection is still the main cause of corneal transplantation failure. Therefore, we investigated the role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-transfected bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (IDO-BMSCs) in corneal allograft rejection in rats. METHODS IDO-BMSCs were constructed and co-cultured with CD4+CD24- T cells to detect their effects on the proliferation of CD4+CD25-T cells in vitro. A corneal allograft rat model was used to confirm our in vitro and in vivo observations. Therefore, IDO-BMSCs were injected directly into the recipient's conjunctiva on the day of corneal transplantation and on day 5 after operation. Corneal graft rejection indices, including corneal neovascularization, opacity, and edema, were measured for up to 14 days after transplantation. The recipients' cervical lymph nodes and peripheral blood were collected to test the role of IDO-BMSCs in immune cells using flow cytometry. RESULTS The lentivirus-mediated IDO gene was successfully transfected into BMSCs, which stably secreted the IDO protein. The proliferation of CD4+CD25-T cells was significantly inhibited after their co-culture with IDO-BMSCs. Subconjunctival injection of IDO-BMSCs into corneal allografts of rats effectively reduced graft neovascularization, promoted allograft survival, and induced immune tolerance. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the local lymph nodes and peripheral blood, along with CD4+CD25-T cells in the local lymph nodes, were significantly reduced after transplantation. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that IDO-BMSC treatment enhances the direct immunomodulatory effect of corneal allograft transplants in rats, promoting corneal allograft survival by inhibiting the proliferation of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD25-T cells. Therefore, modification of BMSCs by lentivirus-mediated IDO gene transfection may provide a novel strategy for controlling corneal allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqin Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunan Province 650100, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, No. 167 Qingnian Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650021, China
| | - Wenjia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunan Province 650100, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, No. 167 Qingnian Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650021, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunan Province 650100, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, No. 167 Qingnian Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650021, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunan Province 650100, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunan Province 650100, China.
| | - Hai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, No. 167 Qingnian Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650021, China.
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10
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Zhao H, Sun J, Wu Y, Zhang J, Shen C. Promotion of skin wound healing using hypoimmunogenic epidermal cell sheets. Regen Ther 2023; 24:245-255. [PMID: 37534237 PMCID: PMC10393516 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The physiological process of wound healing is dynamic, continuous, and intricate. Nowadays, full-thickness burn wounds are treated by autologous skin transplantation. Unfortunately, when substantial burns develop, there are fewer donor sites accessible, making it difficult to satisfy the requirement for large-scale skin transplants and increasing the risk of patient mortality. This study investigated the possibility of using a newly created hypoimmunogenic epidermal cell sheet to heal skin wounds. Methods Transfection with lentivirus was used to generate Keratinocytes (KCs) that overexpress Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO). Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to measure IDO levels. To evaluate the function of IDO+ keratinocytes, CCK-8 and Transwell assays were performed. In cell sheet induction media, KCs and Fibroblasts (FBs) were cultured to yield epidermal cell sheets. The full-thickness skin excisions of BALB/c mice were transplanted with epidermal cell sheets. To assess the tumorigenicity of IDO+ keratinocytes, BALB/c nude mouse xenograft models were also used. CD3 and CD31 immunofluorescence labeling of wound tissue on day 12 to identify T lymphocyte infiltration and capillary development. ELISA measurement of IL-1 and TNF-α concentrations. Results IDO + keratinocytes dramatically enhanced the expression levels of IDO mRNA and protein, as well as the amount of kynurenine in the conditioned media of IDO+ keratinocytes, compared to the Control and NC groups. CD8+ T cell apoptosis was considerably greater in the IDO group than in the Control and NC groups. Nevertheless, the proliferation and migratory capabilities of IDO+ keratinocytes were not substantially different from those of the Control and NC groups. In vitro cultivation of the hypoimmunogenic epidermal cell sheet was effective. In vivo transplantation experiments demonstrated that IDO+ epidermal cell sheets can effectively promote wound healing without tumorigenicity, and IDO+ epidermal cell sheets may promote wound healing by decreasing the expression levels of inflammatory factors (TNF and IL-1) in wound tissue, decreasing CD3+ T lymphocytes, and increasing infiltration and new capillaries in wound tissue. Conclusion In this study, we successfully constructed the hypoimmunogenic epidermal cell sheet and demonstrated that the hypoimmunogenic epidermal cell sheet could accelerate wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqing Zhao
- Nanbu County People's Hospital, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, 637300, China
- Jinzhou Medical University, No.82 Songpo Road, Guta District, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- Jinzhou Medical University, No.82 Songpo Road, Guta District, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yating Wu
- Jinzhou Medical University, No.82 Songpo Road, Guta District, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Junbo Zhang
- Jinzhou Medical University, No.82 Songpo Road, Guta District, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chuan'an Shen
- Department of Burn Surgery, Fourth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, No 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100089, China
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11
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Partain BD, Bracho-Sanchez E, Farhadi SA, Yarmola EG, Keselowsky BG, Hudalla GA, Allen KD. Intra-articular delivery of an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase galectin-3 fusion protein for osteoarthritis treatment in male Lewis rats. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:173. [PMID: 37723593 PMCID: PMC10506271 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is driven by low-grade inflammation, and controlling local inflammation may offer symptomatic relief. Here, we developed an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and galectin-3 fusion protein (IDO-Gal3), where IDO increases the production of local anti-inflammatory metabolites and Gal3 binds carbohydrates to extend IDO's joint residence time. In this study, we evaluated IDO-Gal3's ability to alter OA-associated inflammation and pain-related behaviors in a rat model of established knee OA. METHODS Joint residence was first evaluated with an analog Gal3 fusion protein (NanoLuc™ and Gal3, NL-Gal3) that produces luminescence from furimazine. OA was induced in male Lewis rats via a medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus transection (MCLT + MMT). At 8 weeks, NL or NL-Gal3 were injected intra-articularly (n = 8 per group), and bioluminescence was tracked for 4 weeks. Next, IDO-Gal3s's ability to modulate OA pain and inflammation was assessed. Again, OA was induced via MCLT + MMT in male Lewis rats, with IDO-Gal3 or saline injected into OA-affected knees at 8 weeks post-surgery (n = 7 per group). Gait and tactile sensitivity were then assessed weekly. At 12 weeks, intra-articular levels of IL6, CCL2, and CTXII were assessed. RESULTS The Gal3 fusion increased joint residence in OA and contralateral knees (p < 0.0001). In OA-affected animals, both saline and IDO-Gal3 improved tactile sensitivity (p = 0.008), but IDO-Gal3 also increased walking velocities (p ≤ 0.033) and improved vertical ground reaction forces (p ≤ 0.04). Finally, IDO-Gal3 decreased intra-articular IL6 levels within the OA-affected joint (p = 0.0025). CONCLUSION Intra-articular IDO-Gal3 delivery provided long-term modulation of joint inflammation and pain-related behaviors in rats with established OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany D Partain
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Evelyn Bracho-Sanchez
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Shaheen A Farhadi
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Elena G Yarmola
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Benjamin G Keselowsky
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Gregory A Hudalla
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Kyle D Allen
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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12
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Badawy AAB, Dawood S, Bano S. Kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in pathophysiology and therapy of major depressive disorder. World J Psychiatry 2023; 13:141-148. [PMID: 37123095 PMCID: PMC10130957 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i4.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin deficiency in major depressive disorder (MDD) has formed the basis of antidepressant drug development and was originally attributed to induction of the major tryptophan (Trp)-degrading enzyme, liver Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), by cortisol, leading to decreased Trp availability to the brain for serotonin synthesis. Subsequently, the serotonin deficiency was proposed to involve induction of the extrahepatic Trp-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) by proinflammatory cytokines, with inflammation being the underlying cause. Recent evidence, however, challenges this latter concept, as not all MDD patients are immune-activated and, when present, inflammation is mild and/or transient. A wide range of antidepressant drugs inhibit the activity of liver TDO and bind specifically to the enzyme, but not to IDO. IDO induction is not a major event in MDD, but, when it occurs, its metabolic consequences may be masked and overridden by upregulation of kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO), the gateway to production of modulators of immune and neuronal functions. KMO appears to be activated in MDD by certain proinflammatory cytokines and antidepressants with anti-inflammatory properties may block this activation. We demonstrate the ability of the antidepressant ketamine to dock (bind) to KMO. The pathophysiology of MDD may be underpinned by both the serotonin deficiency and glutamatergic activation mediated respectively by TDO induction and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation. Inhibition of TDO and KMO should be the focus of MDD pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla A-B Badawy
- Formerly School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF5 2YB, United Kingdom
| | - Shazia Dawood
- Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Iqra University, Karachi 7580, Pakistan
| | - Samina Bano
- Biochemistry, Karachi University, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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13
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Song J, Cheng M, Xie Y, Li K, Zang X. Efficient tumor synergistic chemoimmunotherapy by self-augmented ROS-responsive immunomodulatory polymeric nanodrug. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:93. [PMID: 36927803 PMCID: PMC10018933 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy. However, the therapeutic efficacy has been distracted due to poor immunogenicity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this study, a self-augmented reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive nanocarrier with immunogenic inducer paclitaxel (PTX) and indoleamine 2,3-dixoygenase 1 (IDO1) blocker 1-methyl-D, L-tryptophan (1-MT) co-entrapment was developed for tumor rejection. The carrier was composed of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) as hydrophilic segments, enzyme cleavable 1-MT ester and ROS-sensitive peroxalate conjugation as hydrophobic blocks. The copolymer could self-assemble into prodrug-based nanoparticles with PTX, realizing a positive feedback loop of ROS-accelerated PTX release and PTX induced ROS generation. Our nanoparticles presented efficient immunogenic cell death (ICD) which provoked antitumor immune responses with high effector T cells infiltration. Meanwhile immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment was simultaneously modulated with reduced regulatory T cells (Tregs) and M2-tumor associated macrophages (M2-TAMs) infiltration mediated by IDO inhibition. The combination of PTX and 1-MT achieved significant primary tumor regression and reduction of lung metastasis in 4T1 tumor bearing mice. Therefore, the above results demonstrated co-delivery of immunogenic inducer and IDO inhibitor using the ROS amplifying nanoplatform with potent potential for tumor chemoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiao Song
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xie
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangkang Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlong Zang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Wu W, Zhong W, Lin Z, Yan J. Blockade of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced kidney injury by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Clin Exp Nephrol 2023; 27:495-505. [PMID: 36922478 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-023-02332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Blockade of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been shown to alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock and reduce sepsis mortality, but its effect on LPS-induced kidney damage has not been reported. Herein, we established a mouse kidney injury model by intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg LPS and established an in vitro renal tubular epithelial cell injury model by stimulating TCMK-1 cells with 10 mg/L LPS. We found that pretreatment with 1-methyl tryptophan (1-MT), an IDO inhibitor, significantly improved LPS-induced mouse survival, and IDO knockout (KO) mice also had higher survival rates after LPS exposure than wild-type mice. At the same time, IDO KO or pretreatment with 1-MT not only reduced serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, renal tubular injury pathological score, but also inflammatory factors and oxidative stress status in serum or kidney of LPS-exposed mice. In vitro, blockade of IDO with 1-MT significantly inhibited LPS-induced apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in TCMK-1 cells. In addition, blockade of IDO significantly inhibited LPS-activated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in kidney of mice or in TCMK-1 cells. In conclusion, our results suggested that blockade of IDO attenuated kidney inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress to protect against LPS-induced septic kidney injury via inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Wu
- Department of Emergency, Dongguan Binhaiwan Central Hospital, Dongguan City, China
| | - Weixiong Zhong
- Department of Critical Medicine, Shenzhen Luohu District People's Hospital, Shenzhen City, China
| | - Zijing Lin
- Department of Emergency, Dongguan Binhaiwan Central Hospital, Dongguan City, China
| | - Jianhui Yan
- Department of Emergency, Dongguan Binhaiwan Central Hospital, Dongguan City, China.
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhao X, Li C, Yang Y, Li L, Chen Y, Shi Q, Li Z, Wu Y, Zhang L, Li R, Si M, Liang X, Chen Y. Aberrant NAD synthetic flux in podocytes under diabetic conditions and effects of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase on promoting de novo NAD synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 643:61-68. [PMID: 36586160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential coenzyme in the kidney. The first step in de novo NAD synthesis is regulated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme. Here, we investigated NAD synthetic flux and NAD levels in podocytes under diabetic conditions. We also studied the effects of IDO overexpression on NAD synthetic flux and high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte injury. NAD synthetases in the de novo, Preiss-Handler and salvage pathways were analyzed using in vivo single-nucleus RNA sequencing datasets (GSE131882) of control and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The mRNA levels of these NAD synthetases were measured in vitro in HG-treated podocytes. The effects of IDO on NAD synthesis were examined by transducing cultured podocytes with an adenovirus encoding IDO, and apoptosis, podocyte markers and mobility were investigated. Cellular transcriptome analysis revealed that control podocytes had relatively low levels of NAD synthetases. In DKD podocytes, de novo NAD synthetase levels were further downregulated. IDO levels were virtually undetectable and did not increase in DKD. In vitro experiments confirmed aberrant de novo NAD synthetic flux and decreased IDO levels in HG-treated podocytes. Overexpression of IDO promoted NAD de novo synthesis, reduced NAD-bypass metabolic enzyme, increased NAD content and recovered podocyte injury markers under diabetic conditions. Taken together, our findings suggest that the de novo NAD synthetic flux is aberrant in DKD, and IDO promotes de novo NAD synthesis and NAD levels, as well as alleviates injury in HG-treated podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Cuili Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan Yang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Luan Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingwen Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingying Shi
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhilian Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Meijun Si
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinling Liang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yuanhan Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Division of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Ebokaiwe AP, Obasi DO, Obeten U, Onyemuche T. Rutin co-treatment prevented cognitive impairment/depression-like behavior and decreased IDO activation following 35 days of ethanol administration in male Wistar rats. Alcohol 2023; 106:22-29. [PMID: 36306976 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol (ethanol) is among the most popularly consumed beverages globally. Ethanol was earlier demonstrated to elicit cognitive impairment and depressive-like effects in both human and animal studies. Rutin (R) is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-depressive properties, among others. Herein, we investigate the impact of rutin on ethanol-induced cognitive impairment and depressive-like effects in rats and the involvement of the indoleaminergic pathway. Three groups of eight rats each were orally exposed to drinking water (group 1), ethanol (5 g/kg body weight)-group 2 (via oral gavage), and ethanol + R (5 g/kg body weight + 50 mg/kg body weight)-group 3 (via oral gavage) for 35 days. Results showed that exposure to ethanol significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze and increased immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST), which indicates cognitive impairment and depressive-like behavior in rats. We observed increased IDO activity/expression, and inflammatory responses, with attendant disruption in antioxidant systems and concomitant elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Following rutin co-exposure, an ethanol-mediated increase in indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase [IDO] activity/expression and decrease in antioxidant enzymes, in addition to an increase in markers of inflammatory response and MDA production, was significantly (p < 0.0001) prevented compared with controls. Additionally, altered behavioral indices were prevented by rutin co-exposure. Taken together, these findings reveal the involvement of the indoleaminergic pathway in rutin preventive influence against ethanol-induced cognitive impairment and depressive-like behavior in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azubuike Peter Ebokaiwe
- Toxicology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
| | - Doris Olachi Obasi
- Toxicology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Uket Obeten
- Toxicology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Tochukwu Onyemuche
- Toxicology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Abakaliki, Nigeria
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Farooq A, Zulfiqar B, Asghar K. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase: A Novel Immunotherapeutic Target for Osteosarcoma. J Cancer Allied Spec 2023; 9:501. [PMID: 37197000 PMCID: PMC10187603 DOI: 10.37029/jcas.v9i1.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Tumour-emitted molecules induce immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment. An immunosuppressive enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO/IDO1), facilitates immune escape in several malignant tumours, including osteosarcoma. Upregulation of IDO establishes a tolerogenic environment in the tumour and the tumour-draining lymph nodes. IDO-induced downregulation of effector T-cells and upregulation of local regulatory T-cells creates immunosuppression and promotes metastasis. Observations Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumour characterised by immature bone formation by the tumour cells. Almost 20% of osteosarcoma patients present with pulmonary metastasis at the time of diagnosis. The improvement in therapeutic modalities for osteosarcoma has been in a stagnant phase for two decades. Therefore, the development of novel immunotherapeutic targets for osteosarcoma is emergent. High IDO expression is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in osteosarcoma patients. Conclusion and Relevance At present, only a few studies are available describing IDO's role in osteosarcoma. This review describes the prospects of IDO not only as a prognostic marker but also as an immunotherapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Farooq
- Department of Clinical Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Zulfiqar
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kashif Asghar
- Department of Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
- Correspondence: Kashif Asghar, 7A Block R-3 M.A. Johar Town, Lahore, Pakistan. E-mail:
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Kheiri F, Rostami-Nejad M, Amani D, Sadeghi A, Moradi A, Aghamohammadi E, Sahebkar A, Zali MR. Expression of tolerogenic dendritic cells in the small intestinal tissue of patients with celiac disease. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12273. [PMID: 36578401 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolCDs) play an important role in the regulation of inflammation in autoimmune diseases such as celiac disease (CeD). Dendritic cells express CD207, CD11c, and CD103 on their surface. In addition to the receptors mentioned above, tolCDs can express the immune-regulating enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). This study aimed to determine the mRNA and protein expression of CD11c, CD103 and CD207 markers, and also IDO gene expression in intestinal tissues of CeD patients in comparison to the healthy individuals. Duodenal biopsies were collected from 60 CeD patients and 60 controls. Total RNA was extracted and gene expression analysis was performed using Real-time PCR SYBR® Green method. Additionally, biopsy specimens were paraffinized and protein expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for expression of CD11c+, CD207+and CD103+. Gene expression levels of CD11c (P = 0.045), CD103 (P < 0.001), CD207 (P < 0.001) and IDO (P = 0.01) were significantly increased in CeD patients compared to the control group. However, only CD103 protein expression was found to be significantly higher in CeD patients in comparison to the control group (P < 0.001). The result of this study showed that the expresion levels of CD11c, CD103, CD207 and IDO markers were higher in CeD patients compared to the controls, indicating the effort of dendritic cells to counterbalance the gliadin-triggered abnormal immune responses in CeD patients.
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He K, Shen F, Zhou F. Prognostic value of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase expression in esophageal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Surg 2022; 45:2958-2960. [PMID: 35788320 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keyao He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Prevention and Treatment of Esophageal Cancer, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Fangfang Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Prevention and Treatment of Esophageal Cancer, Anyang, 455000, China.
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Gong C, Chang L, Sun X, Qi Y, Huang R, Chen K, Wang B, Kang L, Wang L, Xu B. Infusion of two-dose mesenchymal stem cells is more effective than a single dose in a dilated cardiomyopathy rat model by upregulating indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:409. [PMID: 35962420 PMCID: PMC9373305 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03101-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The therapeutic efficacy of single-dose mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy for heart failure (HF) remains inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate whether infusion with two-dose human umbilical cord MSC (hUCMSCs) could be therapeutically superior to single-dose therapy in a rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with doxorubicin (DOX) to establish a DCM model and randomized to intravenously receive single-dose or two-dose hUCMSCs at an interval of 14 days. Their left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions were analyzed by echocardiography. The percentages of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells in the heart, spleen, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood and the levels of serum cytokines in individual rats were analyzed by flow cytometry and cytometric bead assay, respectively. The degrees of cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were examined by histology. The importance of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an activator of Treg differentiation, in the therapeutic effect of hUCMSCs on inflammation and heart function of rats was determined after induction of IDO over-expression (IDO-OE) using IFN-γ (1 ng/ml) and TNF-α (10 ng/ml) stimulation or silencing (IDO-KD) using small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology. Results Compared with the single dose, two-dose hUCMSCs were more effective in improving LV performance, attenuating cardiac dilation, reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis. Two-dose hUCMSC therapy significantly increased Treg number in the heart and peripheral blood, accompanied by increased cardiac IDO expression. Compared with the control hUCMSCs, IDO-OE hUCMSCs significantly enhanced Treg and Th2 cell responses and decreased systemic Th17 cell responses and Th1 cell numbers in the mediastinal lymph nodes. Treatment with IDO-OE hUCMSCs significantly improved LV remodeling and dysfunction. However, treatment with IDO-KD hUCMSCs had opposite effects in rats. Conclusions Administration of two-dose hUCMSCs has better therapeutic effects than single-dose therapy for inhibiting myocardial inflammation to improve LV function in DCM rats. These effects are associated with upregulating IDO expression and its systemic anti-inflammatory activities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03101-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Clinical Stem Cell Centor, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lina Kang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in both men and women worldwide. One of the main changes associated with cancer progression, metastasis, recurrence, and chemoresistance is the change in the tumor immune microenvironment, especially immunosuppression. Cancer immunosuppression appears in multiple forms, such as inhibition of immuno-stimulant cells with downregulation of immuno-stimulant mediators or through stimulation of immuno-suppressive cells with upregulation of immunosuppressive mediators. One of the most immunosuppressive mediators that approved potency in lung cancer progression is indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and its metabolite kynurenine (Kyn). The current review tries to elucidate the role of IDO/Kyn on cancer proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and cancer stemness. Besides, our review investigates the new therapeutic modalities that target IDO/Kyn pathway and thus as drug candidates for targeting lung cancer and drugs that potentiate IDO/Kyn pathway and thus can be cancer-promoting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam E Abd El-Fattah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt.
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22
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Xie X, Yang X, Wu J, Tang S, Yang L, Fei X, Wang M. Exosome from indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-overexpressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells accelerates repair process of ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury by regulating macrophages polarization. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:367. [PMID: 35902956 PMCID: PMC9331485 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) can repair itself completely. However, most moderate and severe patients undergoing IRI-AKI progress to chronic kidney disease due to incomplete repair. The present study is aimed to investigate the role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) overexpression on incomplete repair in mice after IRI. METHODS IRI mice was established by clamping the unilateral renal pedicles and challenged with MSC-Exo. Blood biochemical indexes and inflammation factors contents were measured by ELISA assay. Histopathological examinations were monitored by HE, Masson, Immunohistochemical and TUNEL staining. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and immunoblotting were used to detect the polarization of macrophages, respectively. RESULTS As compared to sham operation mice, IRI mice showed high contents of serum BUN and Scr, and more severe damaged kidney tissues on days 1 and 3, which all gradually declined over time, showing the lowest level on day 7 after injury. Once treated with MSCs-Exo that could directly transfer to kidney tubular cells, the restoration of kidney functions significantly accelerated by contrast to IRI mice, and the promotive effects were more obvious in IDO-overexpressed MSCs-Exo (MSCs-Exo-IDO)-treated IRI mice. Furthermore, MSCs-Exo-IDO administration also accelerated renal tubular cells proliferation, restrained tubular cells apoptosis, fibrosis and inflammation factor secretions during self-repair process compared to IRI mice, whose effects were higher than MSCs-Exo-NC-challenged IRI mice and IDO overexpressing plasmid-injected IRI mice. Mechanistically, MSCs-Exo-NC and MSCs-Exo-IDO exposure promoted the polarization from M1 macrophage to M2 macrophage, leading to more anti-inflammatory factors production, and subsequently altered the inflammatory microenvironment of renal tubular cells, which facilitated the self-repair process in mice after IRI. CONCLUSION MSCs-derived exosome accelerated renal self-repair in IRI mice by activating M2 macrophages polarization, which effects were amplified by IDO overexpression in MSCs. Potentially, genetically modified MSCs-Exo is an effective approach to improve renal self-repair in IRI-AKI mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261, Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiu Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261, Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junxia Wu
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261, Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - LiLi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261, Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Fei
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261, Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261, Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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Yeh TK, Song JS, Chang PW, Yu JC, Chang CH, Liao FY, Tien YW, Kuppusamy R, Li AS, Chen CH, Chen CW, Lin LM, Chang HH, Huang CH, Yao JY, Wu MH, Peng YH, Hsueh CC, Hsiao WC, Chen PH, Lin CY, Hsieh SH, Shih C, Hung MS, Wu SY, Kuo CC, Ueng SH. Discovery and development of a novel N-(3-bromophenyl)-{[(phenylcarbamoyl)amino]methyl}-N-hydroxythiophene-2-carboximidamide indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitor using knowledge-based drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 229:114043. [PMID: 34929581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) is a potential target for the next generation of cancer immunotherapies. We describe the development of two series of IDO1 inhibitors incorporating a N-hydroxy-thiophene-carboximidamide core generated by knowledge-based drug design. Structural modifications to improve the cellular activity and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of the compounds synthesized, including extension of the side chain of the N-hydroxythiophene-2-carboximidamide core, resulted in compound 27a, a potent IDO1 inhibitor which demonstrated significant (51%) in vivo target inhibition on IDO1 in a human SK-OV-3 ovarian xenograft tumor mouse model. This strategy is expected to be applicable to the discovery of additional IDO1 inhibitors for the treatment of other diseases susceptible to modulation of IDO1.
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Niinisalo P, Raitakari OT, Kähönen M, Hurme M, Lehtimäki T, Magnussen C, Viikari J, Juonala M, Kaaja R. IDO activity forecasts obesity in males and premenopausal females in a 10-year follow-up study:The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Atherosclerosis 2021; 336:32-8. [PMID: 34628102 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an intracellular enzyme associated with artery wall inflammation. Previous studies have verified correlation between IDO activity and early signs of atherosclerosis especially in females. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between an estimate of IDO activity and atherosclerotic risk factors related to non-alchohol-fatty liver (NAFLD) in a 6- and 10-year follow-up. METHODS Estimates of IDO activity along with complete risk factor data were measured from females (n = 506; age 24-39) and males (n = 421; age 24-39) in 2001. Risk factor measurements were conducted again in 2007 and 2011. Statistical examinations were carried out by Pearson correlation and risk ratio analysis. RESULTS In females, age-adjusted IDO correlated with body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.0008), waist (p = 0.0009), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.0014) and logarithmically modified triglycerides (p = 0.0488) in 2007. Correlation remained significant with BMI (p = 0.0007) and waist (p = 0.0063) in 2011. In males, age-adjusted IDO correlated with waist (p = 0.0367) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p = 0.0489) in 2007. Correlation remained significant with HDL-C (p = 0.0348) in 2011. In risk ratio analysis, relationship between IDO and obesity was confirmed in females after 10 years (RR = 1.026, p = 0.0147, 95% CI) and in males after 6 and 10 years (RR = 1.019, p = 0.0091, 95% CI and RR = 1.015, p = 0.0404, 95% CI, respectively) when the data was adjusted for age and BMI. CONCLUSIONS IDO activity correlated with obesity and factors related to NAFLD, namely obesity of visceral type, hypertriglyceridemia and CRP (in females), well-characterized risk factors for diabetes and atherosclerosis in 6- and 10-year follow-up in males and premenopausal females.
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Ghaffari-Nasab A, Badalzadeh R, Mohaddes G, Javani G, Ebrahimi-Kalan A, Alipour MR. Young Plasma Induces Antidepressant-Like Effects in Aged Rats Subjected to Chronic Mild Stress by Suppressing Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Enzyme and Kynurenine Pathway in the Prefrontal Cortex. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:358-371. [PMID: 34626305 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathophysiology of depression in elderlies is linked to aging-associated increase in indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) levels and activity and kynurenine (Kyn) metabolites. Moreover, these aging-induced changes may alter the brain's responses to stress. Growing evidence suggested that young plasma can positively affect brain dysfunctions in old age. The present study aimed to investigate whether the antidepressant effects of young plasma administration in aged rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and underlying mechanisms, focusing on the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Young (3 months old) and aged (22 months old) male rats were divided into five groups; young control, aged control, aged rats subjected to CUMS (A + CUMS), aged rats subjected to CUMS and treated with young plasma (A + CUMS + YP), and aged rats subjected to CUMS and treated with old plasma (A + CUMS + OP). Plasma was injected (1 ml, intravenously) three times per week for four weeks. Young plasma significantly improved CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviors, evidenced by the increased sucrose consumption ratio in the sucrose preference test and the reduced immobility time in the forced swimming test. Furthermore, young plasma markedly reduced the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IDO, Kyn, and Kyn to tryptophan (Kyn/Trp) ratio in PFC tissue. Expression levels of the serotonin transporter and growth-associated protein (GAP)-43 were also significantly increased after chronic administration of young plasma. These findings provide evidence for the antidepressant effect of young plasma in old age; however, whether it improves depressive behaviors or faster recovery from stress-induced deficits is required to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gonja Javani
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan
- Department of Neurosciences and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alipour
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Lu Y, Xu F, Wang Y, Shi C, Sha Y, He G, Yao Q, Shao K, Sun W, Du J, Fan J, Peng X. Cancer immunogenic cell death via photo-pyroptosis with light-sensitive Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitor conjugate. Biomaterials 2021; 278:121167. [PMID: 34624752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy currently considered as to be effective way to cure cancer in clinic. However, the insufficient tumor immunogenicity and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment always result in diminished efficacy of immunotherapy. Herein, we report the synthesis of an organic photo-immune activator NBS-1MT, the combination of photosensitizer and Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor effectively stimulates lysosomes oxidative stress the releases inflammatory cytokines. This process triggers pyroptosis for the considerable immunogenic cell death (ICD) while reversing suppressive tumor microenvironment. The photo-immune drug shows outstanding potential to activate caspase-1and then remove gasdermin-D (GSDMD), which could stimulate pyroptosis and also inhibit the tumor growth successfully in both primary and distant tumor. Furthermore, pyroptosis activated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) promotes the immune related factors release, and enhance the intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) with the induction of ICD of tumor cells and the cascaded synergize with IDO inhibitor, so the general antitumor immune response could be strengthened effectively. Our research confirms that the use of NBS-1MT is a promising strategy to boost the immune response and eventually to inhibit tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Chao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Yuzhuo Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Guangli He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Qichao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Kun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Shenzhen Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, PR China.
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Hossain FMA, Park SO, Kim HJ, Eo JC, Choi JY, Tanveer M, Uyangaa E, Kim K, Eo SK. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase in Hematopoietic Stem Cell-Derived Cells Suppresses Rhinovirus-Induced Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation by Regulating Th1- and Th17-Type Responses. Immune Netw 2021; 21:e26. [PMID: 34522439 PMCID: PMC8410990 DOI: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma exacerbations are a major cause of intractable morbidity, increases in health care costs, and a greater progressive loss of lung function. Asthma exacerbations are most commonly triggered by respiratory viral infections, particularly with human rhinovirus (hRV). Respiratory viral infections are believed to affect the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a limiting enzyme in tryptophan catabolism, which is presumed to alter asthmatic airway inflammation. Here, we explored the detailed role of IDO in the progression of asthma exacerbations using a mouse model for asthma exacerbation caused by hRV infection. Our results reveal that IDO is required to prevent neutrophilic inflammation in the course of asthma exacerbation caused by an hRV infection, as corroborated by markedly enhanced Th17- and Th1-type neutrophilia in the airways of IDO-deficient mice. This neutrophilia was closely associated with disrupted expression of tight junctions and enhanced expression of inflammasome-related molecules and mucin-inducing genes. In addition, IDO ablation enhanced allergen-specific Th17- and Th1-biased CD4+ T-cell responses following hRV infection. The role of IDO in attenuating Th17- and Th1-type neutrophilic airway inflammation became more apparent in chronic asthma exacerbations after repeated allergen exposures and hRV infections. Furthermore, IDO enzymatic induction in leukocytes derived from the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) lineage appeared to play a dominant role in attenuating Th17- and Th1-type neutrophilic inflammation in the airway following hRV infection. Therefore, IDO activity in HSC-derived leukocytes is required to regulate Th17- and Th1-type neutrophilic inflammation in the airway during asthma exacerbations caused by hRV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Hossain
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.,Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Seong Ok Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Jun Cheol Eo
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Biosource Science, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Maryum Tanveer
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Erdenebelig Uyangaa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
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John F, Muzik O, Mittal S, Juhász C. Fluorine-18-Labeled PET Radiotracers for Imaging Tryptophan Uptake and Metabolism: a Systematic Review. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 22:805-19. [PMID: 31512038 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to its metabolism via the serotonin and kynurenine pathways, tryptophan plays a key role in multiple disease processes including cancer. Imaging tryptophan uptake and metabolism in vivo can be achieved with tryptophan derivative positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers. While human studies with such tracers have been confined to C-11-labeled compounds, preclinical development of F-18-labeled tryptophan-based radiotracers has surged in recent years. We performed a systematic review of studies reporting on such F-18-labeled tryptophan tracers to summarize and compare their biological characteristics and their potential for tumor imaging, with a particular focus on key enzymes of the kynurenine pathway (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase [IDO] and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase [TDO]), which play an important role in tumoral immune resistance. From a PubMed search, English language articles including data on the preparation and radiochemical and/or biological characteristics of F-18-labeled tryptophan derivative radiotracers were reviewed. A total of 19 original papers included data on 15 unique radiotracers, the majority of which were synthesized with an adequate radiochemical yield. Automated synthesis was reported for 1-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tryptophan, the most extensively evaluated tracer thus far. Biodistribution studies showed high uptake in the pancreas, while the L-type amino acid transporter was the dominant transport mechanism for most of the reviewed tracers. Tracers tested for tumor uptake showed accumulation in tumor cell lines in vitro and in xenografts in vivo, often with favorable tumor-to-background uptake ratios in comparison with clinically used F-18-labeled radiotracers. Five tracers showed promise for imaging IDO activity, including 1-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tryptophan and a F-18-labeled analog of alpha-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan tested clinically in previous studies. Two radiotracers were metabolized by TDO but showed defluorination in vivo. In summary, most F-18-labeled tryptophan derivative PET tracers share common transport mechanisms and biodistribution characteristics. Several reported tracers could be candidates for further testing and validation toward PET imaging applications in a variety of human diseases.
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Dai Q, Yan Y, Ning X, Li G, Yu J, Deng J, Yang L, Li GB. AncPhore: A versatile tool for anchor pharmacophore steered drug discovery with applications in discovery of new inhibitors targeting metallo- β-lactamases and indoleamine/tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1931-1946. [PMID: 34386329 PMCID: PMC8343198 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein describe AncPhore, a versatile tool for drug discovery, which is characterized by pharmacophore feature analysis and anchor pharmacophore (i.e., most important pharmacophore features) steered molecular fitting and virtual screening. Comparative analyses of numerous protein–ligand complexes using AncPhore revealed that anchor pharmacophore features are biologically important, commonly associated with protein conservative characteristics, and have significant contributions to the binding affinity. Performance evaluation of AncPhore showed that it had substantially improved prediction ability on different types of target proteins including metalloenzymes by considering the specific contributions and diversity of anchor pharmacophore features. To demonstrate the practicability of AncPhore, we screened commercially available chemical compounds and discovered a set of structurally diverse inhibitors for clinically relevant metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs); of them, 4 and 6 manifested potent inhibitory activity to VIM-2, NDM-1 and IMP-1 MBLs. Crystallographic analyses of VIM-2:4 complex revealed the precise inhibition mode of 4 with VIM-2, highly consistent with the defined anchor pharmacophore features. Besides, we also identified new hit compounds by using AncPhore for indoleamine/tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases (IDO/TDO), another class of clinically relevant metalloenzymes. This work reveals anchor pharmacophore as a valuable concept for target-centered drug discovery and illustrates the potential of AncPhore to efficiently identify new inhibitors for different types of protein targets.
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Key Words
- AMPC, asian mouse phenotyping consortium
- AP, anchor pharmacophore
- AR, aromatic ring
- AUC, area under the curve
- Anchor pharmacophore
- BACE1, beta-secretase 1
- BRD4, bromodomain-containing protein 4
- CA, carbonic anhydrase
- CA2, carbonic anhydrase 2
- CDK2, cyclin-dependent kinase 2
- CTS, cathepsins
- CV, covalent bonding
- CatK, cathepsin K
- EF, enrichment factor
- EX, exclusion volume
- GA, genetic algorithm
- HA, hydrogen-bond acceptor
- HD, hydrogen-bond donor
- HIV-P, human immunodeficiency virus protease
- HIV1-P, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease
- HY, hydrophobic
- IDO1, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1
- IMP, imipenemase
- Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
- LE, ligand efficiency
- MAPK14, mitogen-activated protein kinase 14
- MB, metal coordination
- MBL, metallo-β-lactamase
- MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MMP13, matrix metallopeptidase 13
- Metallo-β-lactamase
- Metalloenzyme
- NDM, new delhi MBL
- NE, negatively charged center
- NP, without anchor pharmacophore features
- PO, positively charged center
- RMSD, root mean square deviation
- ROC curve, receiver operating characteristic curve
- ROCK1, rho-associated protein kinase 1
- RT, reverse transcriptase
- RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase
- SBL, serine beta lactamase
- SSEL, secondary structure element length
- STK, serine threonine kinase
- TDO, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
- TDSS, torsion-driving systematic search
- TNKS2, tankyrase 2
- Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase
- VEGFR2, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2
- VIM, verona integron-encoded MBL
- Virtual screening
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Duan RN, Yang CL, Du T, Liu A, Wang AR, Sun WJ, Li X, Li JX, Yan CZ, Liu QJ. Smek1 deficiency exacerbates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by activating proinflammatory microglia and suppressing the IDO1-AhR pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:145. [PMID: 34183017 PMCID: PMC8237434 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal disease model of multiple sclerosis (MS) that involves the immune system and central nervous system (CNS). However, it is unclear how genetic predispositions promote neuroinflammation in MS and EAE. Here, we investigated how partial loss-of-function of suppressor of MEK1 (SMEK1), a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 4, facilitates the onset of MS and EAE. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG35-55) to establish the EAE model. Clinical signs were recorded and pathogenesis was investigated after immunization. CNS tissues were analyzed by immunostaining, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Single-cell analysis was carried out in the cortices and hippocampus. Splenic and lymph node cells were evaluated with flow cytometry, qPCR, and western blot analysis. RESULTS Here, we showed that partial Smek1 deficiency caused more severe symptoms in the EAE model than in controls by activating myeloid cells and that Smek1 was required for maintaining immunosuppressive function by modulating the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1)-aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. Single-cell sequencing and an in vitro study showed that Smek1-deficient microglia and macrophages were preactivated at steady state. After MOG35-55 immunization, microglia and macrophages underwent hyperactivation and produced increased IL-1β in Smek1-/+ mice at the peak stage. Moreover, dysfunction of the IDO1-AhR pathway resulted from the reduction of interferon γ (IFN-γ), enhanced antigen presentation ability, and inhibition of anti-inflammatory processes in Smek1-/+ EAE mice. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests a protective role of Smek1 in autoimmune demyelination pathogenesis via immune suppression and inflammation regulation in both the immune system and the central nervous system. Our findings provide an instructive basis for the roles of Smek1 in EAE and broaden the understanding of the genetic factors involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune demyelination.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Central Nervous System/immunology
- Central Nervous System/pathology
- Central Nervous System/physiopathology
- Cytokines
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microglia/immunology
- Microglia/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/immunology
- Myeloid Cells/immunology
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/immunology
- Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Spleen/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Nan Duan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, No.44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Lin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, No.44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, No.44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, No.44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, No.44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Xia Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, No.44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Zhu Yan
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Ji Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, No.44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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Asghar K, Farooq A, Zulfiqar B, Loya A. Review of 10 years of research on breast cancer patients: Focus on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. World J Clin Oncol 2021; 12:429-436. [PMID: 34189067 PMCID: PMC8223715 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v12.i6.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic manipulation of the immune system in cancer has been an extensive area of research in the field of oncoimmunology. Immunosuppression regulates antitumour immune responses. An immunosuppressive enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) mediates tumour immune escape in various malignancies including breast cancer. IDO upregulation in breast cancer cells may lead to the recruitment of regulatory T (T-regs) cells into the tumour microenvironment, thus inhibiting local immune responses and promoting metastasis. Immunosuppression induced by myeloid derived suppressor cells activated in an IDO-dependent manner may enhance the possibility of immune evasion in breast cancer. IDO overexpression has independent prognostic significance in a subtype of breast cancer of emerging interest, basal-like breast carcinoma. IDO inhibitors as adjuvant therapeutic agents may have clinical implications in breast cancer. This review proposes future prospects of IDO not only as a therapeutic target but also as a valuable prognostic marker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Asghar
- Department of Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Asim Farooq
- Department of Clinical Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Zulfiqar
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Asif Loya
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Yang L, Ma J, He Q, Li X. Immutol regulates CD4 +Tregs, CD8 +Tregs and pDCs via IDO signaling pathway to induce immune tolerance in rat heart allograft transplant. Transpl Immunol 2021; 68:101393. [PMID: 33838298 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) can promote tryptophan metabolism to kynurenine and modulate regulatory T cells (Tregs), thereby maintains lower efficiency to induce tolerance. Our aim is to investigate the mechanism of tolerance induction by a IDO metabolite named Immutol. METHODS We established rat heterotopic heart transplantation models and treated them with Immutol, cyclosporine A (CsA) and 1-methyl-DL-tryptophan (1-MT) in vivo. The drugs were administered via gavage to all but the control group one day before surgery. CsA was gavaged continually for 20 days and Immutol for 60 days; after withdrawal of the drugs, the recipients were observed for at least 10 months. Immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The IDO signaling pathway was evaluated by Western blotting, RT-PCR and immunochemical staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to detect changes in cytokines. RESULTS CsA or Immutol alone prolonged survival but did not induce tolerance after withdrawal. Immutol+CsA inhibited acute rejection, and the grafts survived more than 400 d, with tolerance detected in most rats (13/15). Increased protein IDO and kynurenine could regulate the accumulation of CD4+Tregs, CD8+Tregs and pDC to induce immune tolerance. I-MT specifically blocked IDO, weakened the expression of IDO and kynurenine, and produced grafts rejection. Additionally, Tregs could down-regulate immune responses through production of the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta, thus induce immune tolerance. CD8+ Tregs produce IFN-γ, and tolerance is dependent on both IFN-γ and IDO. CONCLUSION Immutol combined with CsA can control acute rejection and induce tolerance in rats with cardiac allografts after withdrawal. Immutol may become a novel drug for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Organ Transplant Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Organ Transplant Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Organ Transplant Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Xianliang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Organ Transplant Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China.
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Kasamatsu T, Hashimoto N, Sakaya N, Awata-Shiraiwa M, Ishihara R, Murakami Y, Masuda Y, Gotoh N, Nagai K, Oda T, Yokohama A, Saitoh T, Handa H, Tsukamoto N, Hayashi K, Murakami H. IDO2 rs10109853 polymorphism affects the susceptibility to multiple myeloma. Clin Exp Med 2021; 21:323-9. [PMID: 33709342 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00681-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IDO1 and IDO2 genes have been associated with some diseases. Here, we investigated the association of IDO1 and IDO2 SNPs with the susceptibility to multiple myeloma (MM) and their relationships with MM clinical features. We obtained genomic DNA from 100 patients with MM and 149 healthy race-matched controls and determined IDO1 promoter - 1849G/T (rs3824259) and IDO2 R248W (rs10109853) genotypes by using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The patients with MM had a significantly higher frequency of the IDO2 R248W RR genotype (high-activity type) (59.0% vs. 43.6%, odds ratio = 1.86, 95% confidence interval = 1.11-3.11, P = 0.017) compared with those in healthy controls. Patients with the IDO2 R248W RR genotype (high-activity type) were significantly younger and had a significantly lower frequency of International Staging System (ISS) stage III condition than those with the RW and WW genotypes (median 63 years vs. 69 years, P = 0.025; 15 [25.4%] vs. 50 [48.8%]). In addition, the IDO2 R248W RR genotype was significantly associated with a higher level of hemoglobin at diagnosis (mean ± standard deviation, 10.7 ± 2.36 vs. 9.27 ± 2.40 g/dL; P = 0.0032). Neither polymorphism significantly affected overall survival. Our study indicates that IDO2 R248W may be associated with the susceptibility to MM and severity of anemia.
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Chen S, Tan J, Zhang A. The ups, downs and new trends of IDO1 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104815. [PMID: 33773223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has become an emerging driving force in the development of innovative strategies to fight against cancer. Despite the significant clinical benefits that many cancer patients have gained, the generally average response rate of ~ 20% is far behind the expectation for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Combination of ICIs with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) inhibitors is considered as an alternative solution and has proved effective in tremendous preclinical studies. However, the failure of phase III ECHO-301/KEYNOTE-252 trial seriously dampened the enthusiasm on the rationality of IDO1-targeting strategy. Fortunately, in spite of the ups and downs in the developmental journey of IDO1 inhibitors, multiple new approaches have been proposed to bridge the gap between lab to the clinic. Here, we review the recent advances in the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting IDO1 especially the new trend of IDO1 inhibitors after ECHO-301 clinical trials, including dual or pan-inhibitors targeting IDO1 and TDO or IDO2, apo-IDO1 inhibitors, IDO1 PROTACs, as well as other IDO1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulun Chen
- Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Funeshima N, Miura R, Katoh T, Yaginuma H, Kitou T, Yoshimura I, Konda K, Hamano S, Shirasuna K. Metabolomic profiles of plasma and uterine luminal fluids from healthy and repeat breeder Holstein cows. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:54. [PMID: 33509174 PMCID: PMC7842029 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Repeat breeding is a critical reproductive disorder in cattle. The problem of repeat breeder cattle remains largely unmanageable due to a lack of informative biomarkers. Here, we utilized metabolomic profiling in an attempt to identify metabolites in the blood plasma and uterine luminal fluids. We collected blood and uterine fluid from repeat breeder and healthy cows on day 7 of the estrous cycle. Results Metabolomic analysis identified 17 plasma metabolites detected at concentrations that distinguished between the two groups, including decreased various bile acids among the repeat breeders. However, no metabolites that varied significantly were detected in the uterine luminal fluids between two groups. Among the plasma samples, kynurenine was identified as undergoing the most significant variation. Kynurenine is a metabolite produced from tryptophan via the actions of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). As IDO is key for maternal immune tolerance and induced in response to interferon tau (IFNT, ruminant maternal recognition of pregnancy factor), we examined the responsiveness to IFNT on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from healthy and repeat breeder cows. The mRNA expression of IFNT-response makers (ISG15 and MX2) were significantly increased by IFNT treatment in a dose-dependent manner in both groups. Although treatment with IFNT promoted the expression of IDO in PBMCs from both groups, it did so at a substantially reduced rate among the repeat breeder cows, suggesting that decreased levels of kynurenine may relate to the reduced IDO expression in repeat breeder cows. Conclusions These findings provide valuable information towards the identification of critical biomarkers for repeat breeding syndrome in cattle. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02755-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Funeshima
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Miura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Taiga Katoh
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan
| | - Hikari Yaginuma
- Animal Bio-Technology Center, Livestock Improvement Association of Japan Inc., Shinagawa, Tokyo, 135-0041, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kitou
- Animal Bio-Technology Center, Livestock Improvement Association of Japan Inc., Shinagawa, Tokyo, 135-0041, Japan
| | - Itaru Yoshimura
- Fuji Animal Research Farm, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Kawaguchiko, Yamanashi, 401-3338, Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Konda
- Kanagawa Prefectural Livestock Industry Technology Center, Ebina, Kanagawa, 243-0417, Japan
| | - Seizo Hamano
- Maebashi Institute of Animal Science, Livestock Improvement Association of Japan Inc., Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0121, Japan
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan.
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Zhang S, Fang J, Liu Z, Hou P, Cao L, Zhang Y, Liu R, Li Y, Shang Q, Chen Y, Feng C, Wang G, Melino G, Wang Y, Shao C, Shi Y. Inflammatory cytokines-stimulated human muscle stem cells ameliorate ulcerative colitis via the IDO-TSG6 axis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:50. [PMID: 33422134 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are absolutely required for the formation, repair, and regeneration of skeletal muscle tissue. Increasing evidence demonstrated that tissue stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), can exert therapeutic effects on various degenerative and inflammatory disorders based on their immunoregulatory properties. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) treated with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were reported to possess anti-inflammatory functions by producing TNF-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6). However, whether human muscle stem cells (hMuSCs) also possess TSG-6 mediated anti-inflammatory functions has not been explored. Methods The ulcerative colitis mouse model was established by subjecting mice to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days. hMuSCs were pretreated with IFN-γ and TNF-α for 48 h and were then transplanted intravenously at day 2 of DSS administration. Body weights were monitored daily. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and TSG-6 in hMuSCs were knocked down with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), respectively. Colon tissues were collected for length measurement and histopathological examination. The serum level of IL-6 in mice was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate gene expression. Results hMuSCs treated with inflammatory factors significantly ameliorated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms. IDO and TSG-6 were greatly upregulated and required for the beneficial effects of hMuSCs on IBD. Mechanistically, the tryptophan metabolites, kynurenine (KYN) or kynurenic acid (KYNA) produced by IDO, augmented the expression of TSG-6 through activating their common receptor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Conclusion Inflammatory cytokines-treated hMuSCs can alleviate DSS-induced colitis through IDO-mediated TSG-6 production. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-020-02118-3.
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Liu S, Hong L, Li Y, Lian R, Wang X, Zeng Y. Association between endometrial indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression level and pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing first in vitro fertilization treatment. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:33. [PMID: 33413226 PMCID: PMC7792114 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been reported to play a key role in placental development during normal pregnancy. However, the question of whether endometrial IDO expression affects in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy outcomes remains unclear. The current study was undertaken to investigate whether there was any association between endometrial IDO immunohistochemical staining and IVF treatment outcome. Methods This retrospective study was designed to compare pregnancy outcomes among women with different endometrial IDO expression levels under their first IVF treatment. A total of 140 women undergoing their IVF treatment were selected from January 2017 to December 2017. Endometrial samples were collected during mid-luteal phase before IVF cycle. The endometrial IDO expression levels were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and compared between women who were pregnant or not. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the impact of endometrial IDO staining on live birth. Results No significant differences in the endometrial IDO immunohistochemical staining were found between women who had clinical pregnancy and those who failed (P>0.05). However, the endometrial IDO staining was significantly higher among women who had live birth compared with those who had no live birth (P=0.031). Additionally, after adjusting for differences in maternal age, BMI and duration of gonadotropin stimulation, women with higher IDO expression level had an increased live birth rate (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.863, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.180-6.947). Conclusions Higher endometrial IDO expression level during mid-luteal phase is associated with an increased live birth rate in women undergoing their first IVF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, No.1001 Fuqiang Road Futian District, 518045, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Hong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, No.1001 Fuqiang Road Futian District, 518045, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuye Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, No.1001 Fuqiang Road Futian District, 518045, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruochun Lian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, No.1001 Fuqiang Road Futian District, 518045, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, No.1001 Fuqiang Road Futian District, 518045, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproduction and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, No.1001 Fuqiang Road Futian District, 518045, Shenzhen, China.
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Engin AB, Engin ED, Engin A. The effect of environmental pollution on immune evasion checkpoints of SARS-CoV-2. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 81:103520. [PMID: 33132153 PMCID: PMC7580701 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Many diverse strategies allow and facilitate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to evade antiviral innate immune mechanisms. Although the type I interferon (IFN) system has a critical role in restricting the dissemination of viral infection, suppression of IFN receptor signals by SARS-CoV-2 constitutes a checkpoint that plays an important role in the immune escape of the virus. Environmental pollution not only facilitates SARS-CoV-2 infection but also increases infection-associated fatality risk, which arises due to Systemic Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Activation Syndrome. The intracellular accumulation of endogenous kynurenic acid due to overexpression of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) by AhR activation induces AhR-interleukin-6 (IL-6)-signal transducers and activators of the transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. The AhR-IDO1-Kynurenine pathway is an important checkpoint, which leads to fatal consequences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune evasion in the context of Treg/Th17 imbalance and cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Evren Doruk Engin
- Ankara University, Biotechnology Institute, Gumusdere Campus, Kecioren, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atilla Engin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Turkey
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Cheng H, Huang Y, Huang G, Chen Z, Tang J, Pan L, Lv J, Long A, Wang R, Chen Z, Zhao S. Effect of the IDO Gene on Pregnancy in Mice with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:52-59. [PMID: 32725590 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00264-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the IDO (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) gene on pregnancy outcome in mice with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and its mechanism of action in the maternal-fetal interface. An RPL model was established via natural mating of female CBA/J mice with male DBA/2 mice; thereafter, the female mice were randomly divided into groups treated with LV-EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein)-IDO (lentivirus vector carrying IDO-EGFP gene), LV-EGFP (negative control lentivirus vector), or phosphate-buffered saline (control). The mice were sacrificed at 13.5 days of pregnancy, and the embryo absorption rate was determined. Peripheral blood regulatory T cells (Tregs) from the pregnant mice were detected using flow cytometry. Placental and decidual tissue IDO expression was detected using immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Inflammatory cell infiltration of the placental and decidual tissue was observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The LV-EGFP-IDO group had a significantly lower embryo absorption rate than the LV-EGFP and control groups (P = 0.0006 and P = 0.0049, respectively) and significantly more Tregs than the LV-EGFP and control groups (P = 0.0151 and P = 0.0392, respectively). Placental and decidual IDO protein levels correlated positively with peripheral blood Treg expression levels. The LV-EGFP-IDO group had significantly higher placental and decidual IDO protein levels than the LV-EGFP and control groups (P < 0.005), and it had significantly less inflammatory cell infiltration than the LV-EGFP and control groups. The IDO gene may reduce the embryo absorption rate in an RPL mouse model, possibly improving pregnancy outcome by upregulating Tregs and reducing the inflammatory response.
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MESH Headings
- Abortion, Habitual/enzymology
- Abortion, Habitual/genetics
- Abortion, Habitual/immunology
- Animals
- Decidua/enzymology
- Decidua/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Placenta/enzymology
- Placenta/immunology
- Pregnancy
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cheng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanyou Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Tang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Pan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lv
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Aizhuan Long
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengchunxiao Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyun Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China.
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Asghar K, Loya A, Rana IA, Bakar MA, Farooq A, Tahseen M, Ishaq M, Masood I, Rashid MU. Forkhead box P3 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase co-expression in Pakistani triple negative breast cancer patients. World J Clin Oncol 2020; 11:1018-1028. [PMID: 33437664 PMCID: PMC7769718 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v11.i12.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is a specific marker for immunosuppressive regulatory T (T-reg) cells. T-regs and an immunosuppressive enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), are associated with advanced disease in cancer.
AIM To evaluate the co-expression of FOXP3 and IDO in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) with respect to hormone-positive breast cancer patients from Pakistan.
METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the expression of FOXP3, IDO, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor on tissues of breast cancer patients (n = 100): Hormone-positive breast cancer (n = 51) and TNBC (n = 49). A total of 100 patients were characterized as FOXP3 negative vs positive and further categorized based on low, medium, and high IDO expression score. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used.
RESULTS Out of 100 breast tumors, 25% expressed FOXP3 positive T-regs. A significant co-expression of FOXP3 and IDO was observed among patients with TNBC (P = 0.01) compared to those with hormone-positive breast cancer. Two variables were identified as significant independent risk factors for FOXP3 positive: IDO expression high (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5.90; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22-28.64; P = 0.03) and TNBC (AOR 2.80; 95%CI: 0.96-7.95; P = 0.05).
CONCLUSION Our data showed that FOXP3 positive cells might be associated with high expression of IDO in TNBC patients. FOXP3 and IDO co-expression may also suggest its involvement in disease, and evaluation of FOXP3 and IDO expression in TNBC patients may offer a new therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Asghar
- Department of Basic Science Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Asif Loya
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ali Rana
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakar
- Department of Cancer Registry and Clinical Data Management, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Asim Farooq
- Department of Clinical Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahseen
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishaq
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Masood
- Department of Clinical Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Rashid
- Department of Basic Science Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
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Tauil CB, da Rocha Lima AD, Ferrari BB, da Silva VA, Moraes AS, da Silva FM, Melo-Silva CA, Farias AS, Brandão CO, Leonilda MD, dos Santos-Neto LL. Depression and anxiety in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with interferon-beta or fingolimod: Role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 9:100162. [PMID: 34589900 PMCID: PMC8474597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression/anxiety (D/A) occurs in up to 50% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Proinflammatory cytokines induce classical symptoms of depression. Activation of the inflammatory response also triggers production of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which catabolizes tryptophan, the amino acid precursor of serotonin and melatonin. It has been suggested that IDO is the link between the immune and serotonergic systems. This study aimed to quantify the levels of IDO and pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with MS and depression, according to treatment with interferon-beta (IFN-β) or fingolimod. The study inclusion criteria were age 18-60 years and a clinical and radiological diagnosis of MS. One hundred and thirty-two patients diagnosed by McDonald's criteria and followed up at Brasília District Hospital, Brazil, with relapsing-remitting MS were identified as potential study participants. Thirty-five of these patients were identified to be receiving treatment with fingolimod or IFN-β and to have a diagnosis of D/A. IDO and pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels were compared between these 35 patients and 18 healthy controls. The level of IL-10 (an anti-inflammatory cytokine) was lower in both the fingolimod-treated (P < 0.001) and IFN-β-treated (P < 0.01) patient groups than in the control group. IFN-β-treated patients showed increased IDO expression and decreased inflammatory cytokine levels. In contrast, fingolimod-treated patients showed significantly decreased expression of IDO and significantly increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines produced by innate immune cells, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6. The agents used to treat MS maintain symptoms of D/A in patients with MS via different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos B. Tauil
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Brasília, Brazil
| | - Amanda D. da Rocha Lima
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Breno B. Ferrari
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Verônica A.G. da Silva
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriel S. Moraes
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandro S. Farias
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), CNPq, Brazil
| | - Carlos O. Brandão
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Brazil
| | - M.B. dosSantos Leonilda
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), CNPq, Brazil
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Dolšak A, Gobec S, Sova M. Indoleamine and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases as important future therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 221:107746. [PMID: 33212094 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of tryptophan to N-formylkynurenine is the first and rate-limiting step of the tryptophan metabolic pathway (i.e., the kynurenine pathway). This conversion is catalyzed by three enzyme isoforms: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2), and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). As this pathway generates numerous metabolites that are involved in various pathological conditions, IDOs and TDO represent important targets for therapeutic intervention. This pathway has especially drawn attention due to its importance in tumor resistance. Over the last decade, a large number of IDO and TDO inhibitors have been developed, many of which have entered clinical trials. Here, detailed structural comparisons of these three enzymes (with emphasis on their active sites), their involvement in cellular signaling, and their role(s) in pathological conditions are discussed. Furthermore, the most important recent inhibitors described in papers and patents and involved in clinical trials are reviewed, with a focus on both selective and multiple inhibitors. A short overview of the biochemical and cellular assays used for inhibitory potency evaluation is also presented. This review summarizes recent advances on IDO and TDO as potential drug targets, and provides the key features and perspectives for further research and development of potent inhibitors of the kynurenine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dolšak
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Sova
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Badawy AB. Immunotherapy of COVID-19 with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors: starting with nicotinamide. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20202856. [PMID: 33063092 PMCID: PMC7601349 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 induces a proinflammatory environment that is stronger in patients requiring intensive care. The cytokine components of this environment may determine efficacy or otherwise of glucocorticoid therapy. The immunity modulators, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the nuclear NAD+-consuming enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP 1) may play a critical role in COVID-19 pathophysiology. The AhR is overexpressed in coronaviruses, including COVID-19 and, as it regulates PARP gene expression, the latter is likely to be activated in COVID-19. PARP 1 activation leads to cell death mainly by depletion of NAD+ and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), especially when availability of these energy mediators is compromised. PARP expression is enhanced in other lung conditions: the pneumovirus respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). I propose that PARP 1 activation is the terminal point in a sequence of events culminating in patient mortality and should be the focus of COVID-19 immunotherapy. Potent PARP 1 inhibitors are undergoing trials in cancer, but a readily available inhibitor, nicotinamide (NAM), which possesses a highly desirable biochemical and activity profile, merits exploration. It conserves NAD+ and prevents ATP depletion by PARP 1 and Sirtuin 1 (silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1) inhibition, enhances NAD+ synthesis, and hence that of NADP+ which is a stronger PARP inhibitor, reverses lung injury caused by ischaemia/reperfusion, inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and is effective against HIV infection. These properties qualify NAM for therapeutic use initially in conjunction with standard clinical care or combined with other agents, and subsequently as an adjunct to stronger PARP 1 inhibitors or other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla A.-B. Badawy
- Formerly School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, U.K
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Costantini C, Puccetti M, Pariano M, Renga G, Stincardini C, D'Onofrio F, Bellet MM, Cellini B, Giovagnoli S, Romani L. Selectively targeting key inflammatory pathways in cystic fibrosis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112717. [PMID: 32823008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a defect in the ion channel Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR), resulting in ionic imbalance of surface fluid. Although affecting multiple organs, the progressive deterioration of respiratory function by recurrent infections and chronic inflammation represents the main cause of morbidity and mortality in CF patients. The development of modulators targeting the basic defect of CFTR has represented a major breakthrough in CF therapy, but the impact on inflammation has remained enigmatic. The emerging scenario taking hold in the field points to inflammation as a major, somehow missed, therapeutic target for prevention of lung decline. Not surprisingly, the development of anti-inflammatory drugs is taking its share in the drug development pipeline. But the path is not straightforward and targeting inflammation should be balanced with the increased risk of infection. The strategy to restore the homeostatic regulation of inflammation to efficiently respond to infection while preventing lung damage needs to be based on identifying and targeting endogenous immunoregulatory pathways that are defective in CF. We herein provide an overview of anti-inflammatory drugs currently approved or under investigation in CF patients, and present our recent studies on how the knowledge on defective immune pathways in CF may translate into innovative and selective anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Through the discovery of naturally occurring molecules or their synthetic mimics, this review emphasizes the critical importance of selectively targeting key inflammatory pathways to preserve immunocompetence in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Costantini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Matteo Puccetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Marilena Pariano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Giorgia Renga
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Claudia Stincardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Fiorella D'Onofrio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Marina M Bellet
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.
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de Hosson LD, Takkenkamp TJ, Kats-Ugurlu G, Bouma G, Bulthuis M, de Vries EGE, van Faassen M, Kema IP, Walenkamp AME. Neuroendocrine tumours and their microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1449-1459. [PMID: 32270230 PMCID: PMC7347684 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tumours can escape the immune system by expressing programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1), which allows them to bind to PD-1 on T-cells and avoid recognition by the immune system. Regulatory T-cells (Tregs), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) also play a role in immune suppression. Knowledge about the interaction of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) with their immune microenvironment and the role of immunotherapy in patients with NET is scarce. Here, we investigated the immune microenvironment of serotonin-producing (SP) and non-serotonin-producing NETs (NSP-NETs). Tumours of 33 patients with SP-NET and 18 patients with NSP-NET were studied. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed for PD-L1, T-cells, IDO, TDO, mismatch repair proteins (MMRp) and activated fibroblasts. PD-L1 expression was seen in < 1% of tumour and T-cells. T-cells were present in 33% of NETs, varying between 1 and 10% T-cells per high power field. IDO was expressed in tumour cells in 55% of SP-NETs and 22% of NSP-NETs (p = 0.039). TDO was expressed in stromal cells in 64% of SP-NETs and 13% of NSP-NETs (p = 0.001). No tumours had loss of MMRp. TDO-expressing stromal cells also strongly expressed α-SMA and were identified as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Factors that are associated with a response to checkpoint inhibitor treatment were absent or only present to a limited extent in the tumour microenvironment of NETs. The expression of IDO and TDO in a substantial part of NETs and the presence of CAFs suggest two mechanisms that could be responsible for the cold immune microenvironment, which should be explored to enhance anti-tumour immunity and clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte D de Hosson
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, DA11, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim J Takkenkamp
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, DA11, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gursah Kats-Ugurlu
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Grietje Bouma
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, DA11, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Bulthuis
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, DA11, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Faassen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek M E Walenkamp
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, DA11, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Zhang J, Yi S, Li Y, Xiao C, Liu C, Jiang W, Yang C, Zhou T. The antidepressant effects of asperosaponin VI are mediated by the suppression of microglial activation and reduction of TLR4/NF-κB-induced IDO expression. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:2531-2545. [PMID: 32488348 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) is responsible for the progression of the kynurenine pathway, which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammation-induced depression. It has been reported that asperosaponin VI (ASA VI) could play a neuroprotective role through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. In this study, we examined the antidepressant effect of ASA VI in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice and further explored its molecular mechanism by looking into the microglial kynurenine pathway. METHODS To generate the model, LPS (0.83 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to mice. The mice received ASA VI (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 80 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before LPS injection. Depressive-like behaviors were evaluated based on the duration of immobility in the forced swim test. Microglial activation and inflammatory cytokines were detected by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, and ELISA. The TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the expression of IDO, GluA2, and CamKIIβ were also measured by western blotting. RESULTS ASA VI exhibited significant antidepressant activity in the presence of LPS on immobility and latency times in the forced swim test. The LPS-induced activation of microglia and inflammatory response were inhibited by ASA VI, which showed a dose-dependent pattern. TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway also was suppressed by ASA VI in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of LPS-treated mice. Furthermore, ASA VI inhibited the increase in IDO protein expression and normalized the aberrant glutamate transmission in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex caused by LPS administration. CONCLUSION Our results propose a promising antidepressant effect for ASA VI possibly through the downregulation of IDO expression and normalization of the aberrant glutamate transmission. This remedying effect of ASA VI could be attributed to suppress microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response via inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiang Zhang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Saini Yi
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chenghong Xiao
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chan Liu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Weike Jiang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Changgui Yang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Ferreira JM, Dellê H, Camacho CP, Almeida RJ, Reis ST, Matos YST, Lima AMR, Leite KRM, Pontes-Júnior J, Srougi M. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in the prognosis of the localized prostate cancer. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 52:1477-1482. [PMID: 32152758 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02414-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) is an enzyme that acts as an immunomodulatory molecule. It is found in several types of cancer where it seems to be associated with tumor escape due to its immunosuppressive mechanisms. However, the role of IDO1 expression in prostate cancer (PC) is unclear. The aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of IDO1 in localized PC and to correlate with the classic prognostic factor and recurrence after surgical treatment. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated surgical specimens from 111 patients with localized PC, who underwent radical prostatectomy. Recurrence was defined as a prostate specific antigen (PSA) level exceeding 0.2 ng/mL postoperatively, and the follow-up was 123 months. IDO1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 72 cases of which 42 (58%) had biochemical recurrence. RESULTS Lower IDO1 expression was associated with higher Gleason score (p = 0.022) and PSA levels (p = 0.042). The multivariate analyses revealed that the loss of IDO1 and higher PSA were independently associated with biochemical recurrence. The chance of recurrence was increased by 85% in patients with lower IDO1 [OR = 0.15; p = 0.009 CI 95% (0.038-0.633)] and increased by 5.5 times in patients with higher PSA [OR = 5.51; p = 0.012 CI 95% (1.435-21.21)]. The recurrence-free survival curve also demonstrates that lower IDO1 was associated with lower time to biochemical recurrence (p = 0.0004). CONCLUSION The loss of IDO1 expression was associated with increased chance of biochemical recurrence, higher PSA, and a Gleason score in localized PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina Mendes Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235, 2º subsolo, São Paulo City, SP, Brazil.
| | - Humberto Dellê
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235, 2º subsolo, São Paulo City, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleber Pinto Camacho
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235, 2º subsolo, São Paulo City, SP, Brazil
| | - Robson José Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235, 2º subsolo, São Paulo City, SP, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Thalita Reis
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yves Silva Teles Matos
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235, 2º subsolo, São Paulo City, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda M Ramos Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235, 2º subsolo, São Paulo City, SP, Brazil
| | - Kátia Ramos Moreira Leite
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Pontes-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Rua Vergueiro, 235, 2º subsolo, São Paulo City, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel Srougi
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM55), Urology Department, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Sæbøe-Larssen S, Sioud M. Improving Dendritic Cell Cancer Vaccine Potency Using RNA Interference. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2115:249-58. [PMID: 32006405 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0290-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Dendritic cell cancer vaccines have already become a treatment modality for patients with various cancer types. However, the curative potential of this immunotherapy is limited by the existence of negative feedback mechanisms that control dendritic cells (DCs) and T-cell function. By inhibiting the expression of inhibitory factors using RNA interference technology, a new generation of DC vaccines was developed. Vaccine-stimulated T cells showed antitumor effects both in vitro and in cancer patients. Here, we describe the development and validation of a fully GMP-compliant production process of ex vivo DC cancer vaccines combined with the blockade of immunosuppressive pathways using small interfering RNAs. The protocol can be used for DC-based therapy for all cancer types.
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Abstract
The essential amino acid L-tryptophan (Trp) appears to play an important role in aging by acting as a general regulator of protein homeostasis. The major route of Trp degradation, the kynurenine pathway (KP), produces a range of biologically active metabolites that can impact or be impacted by a variety of body systems, including the endocrine, haemopoietic, immune, intermediary metabolism and neuronal systems, with the end product of the KP, NAD+, being essential for vital cellular processes. An account of the pathway, its regulation and functions is presented in relation to body systems with a summary of previous studies of the impact of aging on the pathway enzymes and metabolites. A low-grade inflammatory environment characterized by elevation of cytokines and other immune modulators and consequent disturbances in KP activity develops with aging. The multifactorial nature of the aging process necessitates assessment of factors determining the progression of this mild dysfunction to age-related diseases and developing strategies aimed at arresting and reversing this progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla A-B Badawy
- Formerly School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Western Avenue, Cardiff CF5 2YB, Wales, UK.
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Al-Dujaili AH, Al-Hakeim HK, Twayej AJ, Maes M. Total and ionized calcium and magnesium are significantly lowered in drug-naïve depressed patients: effects of antidepressants and associations with immune activation. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1493-1503. [PMID: 31292851 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with alterations in calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), as well as circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used as adjuvant treatments for MDD. However, no studies examined the effects of a combinatorial treatment with sertraline and ketoprofen, an anti-inflammatory drug, on Ca and Mg levels in MDD. The present study examined a) differences in both cations between drug-naïve MDD patients and controls, and b) the effects of sertraline and ketoprofen on Ca and Mg (both total and ionized). In the same patients, we also examined the associations between both cations and IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, IFN-γ, TGF-β1, zinc, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Clinical improvement was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) at baseline and after follow up for 2 months. Serum Ca and Mg (total and ionized) were significantly lower in MDD patients as compared with controls, while treatment significantly increased calcium but decreased magnesium levels. There were significant and inverse correlations between the BDI-II scores from baseline to endpoint and Ca (both total and ionized), but not Mg, levels. The effects of calcium on the BDI-II score remained significant after considering the effects of zinc, IDO and an immune activation z unit-weighted composite score based on the sum of all cytokines. There was a significant and inverse association between this immune activation index and calcium levels from baseline to endpoint. In conclusion, lowered levels of both cations play a role in the pathophysiology of major depression. Antidepressant-induced increases in Ca are associated with clinical efficacy and attenuation of the immune response. The suppressant effect of antidepressants on Mg levels is probably a side effect of those drugs. New antidepressant treatments should be developed that increase the levels both Ca and Mg. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed Jasim Twayej
- Pathological Analysis Department, College of Health and Medical, Al-Kafeel University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- School of Medicine, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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