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Abdallah ZK, El Masry AM, Azmy SI, El Mowafi MA, Rahman Mustafa MA. Assessment of local complications with preoperative versus postoperative radiotherapy in patients with soft tissue sarcoma in extremities: A randomized comparative clinical trial. J Orthop 2024; 53:34-40. [PMID: 38464549 PMCID: PMC10920714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2024.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy is considered a cornerstone as adjuvant or neo adjuvant to surgery in extremity soft tissue sarcoma (ESTS). Wound complications are the most agonizing complication that may have an impact on patient's functional outcome following radiotherapy. The best care for ESTS is by combining extensive surgical excision with safety margin and radiotherapy either preoperative (neoadjuvant) or postoperative. Preoperative radiotherapy allows for lower dose of radiation over smaller fields which is supposed to decrease long-term complications. However, several studies have shown that early complications which include wound dehiscence, infection, seroma and burn may be more frequent with preoperative radiotherapy than with postoperative radiotherapy. Most of these studies were retrospective. This study aims to prospectively assess and compare the early complications associated with radiotherapy in both techniques. Hypothesis Preoperative radiotherapy is not inferior to postoperative radiotherapy regarding early wound complications. Patients and methods Between January 2021 and June 2022, we prospectively studied 22 patients and categorized them into two groups, group A (preoperative radiotherapy) and group B (postoperative radiotherapy). We included patients with extremity soft tissue sarcoma in skeletally mature patients who were randomized into two groups with follow up 9-12 months. Wound complications, local complications, recurrence, time for wound healing and survival rate were recorded and analyzed using SPSS 25. Results 22 patients were included, 10 in group A and 12 in group B, their mean age was 46.4 years with mean follow up 9 months. The major wound complications were higher in group A (preoperative radiotherapy). in comparison with group B (postoperative radiotherapy), however, this was not statistically significant. While other local complications were higher in group B, it was also statistically insignificant. Time for wound healing was higher in group A more than group B and was statistically significant (p value = 0.011). Conclusion No increase in the wound complications rate with preoperative radiotherapy by using low fractionated doses of radiotherapy and increasing interval before surgery to six weeks, although there is increased risk of delayed wound healing time after surgery. The size and site of the tumor may increase the risk of wound complications unrelated to the type of radiotherapy. Level of evidence II: clinical trial.
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Bullard RL, Olsen EL, Cheslock MA, Embers ME. Evaluation of the available animal models for Bartonella infections. One Health 2024; 18:100665. [PMID: 38223332 PMCID: PMC10784307 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The diseases caused by the Bartonella genus of bacteria are clinically diverse, and can be challenging to cure. The study of bartonellosis has been hampered by the lack of a suitable animal model. Preclinical studies for novel therapeutics and a competent host for vector transmission studies are needed to fill critical knowledge gaps. The studies included here are a representation of in vivo Bartonella research and the corresponding challenges. This review examines the current state of available animal models by assessing the success of various model species and strains in Bartonella infection. With a focus on the strengths and weaknesses of current animal models, the importance of these models for improvement of human health and veterinary care is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L. Bullard
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Emily L. Olsen
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Mercedes A. Cheslock
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Monica E. Embers
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences, Covington, LA, USA
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3
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Shrestha O, Basukala S, Bhugai N, Bohara S, Thapa N, Paudel S, Lahera S, Sah SK, Ghimire S, Kunwor B, Chhetri ST. Comparison of negative pressure wound therapy against normal dressing after vascular surgeries for inguinal wounds: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Open Sci 2024; 19:32-43. [PMID: 38585034 PMCID: PMC10995879 DOI: 10.1016/j.sopen.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) is a therapeutic technique of applying sub-atmospheric pressure to a wound to reduce inflammation, manage exudate, and promote the formation of granulation tissue. It aims to optimise the natural physiological processes of wound healing for more effective recovery, and NPWT has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional dressings. Methods The protocol followed in the study was prospectively registered. Appropriate search terms and Boolean operators were used to search electronic databases for relevant articles. Screening of articles was performed, and data extraction was done. The effect measure was chosen according to the nature of the variable, and the effect model was chosen as per heterogeneity. Forest plot was used to give visual feedback. Results This study included 11 randomized controlled trials (13 publications) with a total of 1310 patients (1497 inguinal wounds). The NPWT group had lesser odds of developing surgical site infection (OR: 0.40; 95 % CI: 0.29-0.54; n = 1491; I2 = 20 %; p-value ≤0.00001) and lesser odds of needing surgical wound revision (OR: 0.48; 95 % CI: 0.26-0.91; n = 856; I2 = 0 %; p-value = 0.02) as compared to the normal dressing group. No significant difference was observed in duration of hospital stay, cost of care, wound healing time, or other complications. Conclusion NPWT application in inguinal wounds significantly reduces the surgical site infection and the need for wound revision in patients who have undergone vascular surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshan Shrestha
- Department of Surgery, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Sunil Basukala
- Department of Surgery, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Nabaraj Bhugai
- Department of Surgery, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Sujan Bohara
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Niranjan Thapa
- Department of Surgery, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Sushanta Paudel
- Department of Surgery, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Suvam Lahera
- College of Medicine, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Sumit Kumar Sah
- College of Medicine, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Sujata Ghimire
- College of Medicine, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Bishal Kunwor
- College of Medicine, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Suchit Thapa Chhetri
- College of Medicine, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
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Pugazhendhi AS, Neal CJ, Ta KM, Molinari M, Kumar U, Wei F, Kolanthai E, Ady A, Drake C, Hughes M, Yooseph S, Seal S, Coathup MJ. A neoteric antibacterial ceria-silver nanozyme for abiotic surfaces. Biomaterials 2024; 307:122527. [PMID: 38518591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Community-associated and hospital-acquired infections caused by bacteria continue to yield major global challenges to human health. Bacterial contamination on abiotic surfaces is largely spread via high-touch surfaces and contemporary standard disinfection practices show limited efficacy, resulting in unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. New strategies that offer non-specific and broad protection are urgently needed. Herein, we report our novel ceria-silver nanozyme engineered at a molar ratio of 5:1 and with a higher trivalent (Ce3+) surface fraction. Our results reveal potent levels of surface catalytic activity on both wet and dry surfaces, with rapid, and complete eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin resistant S. aureus, in both planktonic and biofilm form. Preferential electrostatic adherence of anionic bacteria to the cationic nanozyme surface leads to a catastrophic loss in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, DNA damage, osmodysregulation, and finally, programmed bacterial lysis. Our data reveal several unique mechanistic avenues of synergistic ceria-Ag efficacy. Ag potentially increases the presence of Ce3+ sites at the ceria-Ag interface, thereby facilitating the formation of harmful H2O2, followed by likely permeation across the cell wall. Further, a weakened Ag-induced Ce-O bond may drive electron transfer from the Ec band to O2, thereby further facilitating the selective reduction of O2 toward H2O2 formation. Ag destabilizes the surface adsorption of molecular H2O2, potentially leading to higher concentrations of free H2O2 adjacent to bacteria. To this end, our results show that H2O2 and/or NO/NO2-/NO3- are the key liberators of antibacterial activity, with a limited immediate role being offered by nanozyme-induced ROS including O2•- and OH•, and likely other light-activated radicals. A mini-pilot proof-of-concept study performed in a pediatric dental clinic setting confirms residual, and continual nanozyme antibacterial efficacy over a 28-day period. These findings open a new approach to alleviate infections caused by bacteria for use on high-touch hard surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinaya Sindu Pugazhendhi
- Biionix Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, United States
| | - Craig J Neal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, United States
| | - Khoa Minh Ta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Molinari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom.
| | - Udit Kumar
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, United States
| | - Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, United States
| | - Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, United States
| | - Andrew Ady
- Biionix Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, United States
| | - Christina Drake
- Kismet Technologies, 7101 TPC Drive, Suite 130, Orlando, FL, 32822, United States
| | - Megan Hughes
- University of Cardiff, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Shibu Yooseph
- Kravis Department of Integrated Sciences, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA 91711, United States
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Biionix Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, United States; Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, United States
| | - Melanie J Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, United States.
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Balzano RF, Fascia G, Montatore M, Guglielmi G. Pneumorrhachis as a complication of a severe pressure ulcer: An unique case report. Radiol Case Rep 2024; 19:2302-2305. [PMID: 38559662 PMCID: PMC10978446 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Pneumorrhachis is a medical condition that refers to the presence of air within the spinal canal. Many circumstances, including trauma, infection, or medical procedures, might lead to this syndrome.In some cases, pneumorrhachis may not cause any symptoms and can resolve on its own. However, it can also be associated with more severe underlying conditions, such as spinal fractures, spinal infections, or underlying lung pathologies that lead to air escaping into the spinal canal. In this case we report an incidental finding of pneumorrhachis in a patient who came to our attention for suspected sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giacomo Fascia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University School of Medicine, Viale L. Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Manuela Montatore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University School of Medicine, Viale L. Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guglielmi
- Radiology Unit, “Dimiccoli” Hospital, Viale Ippocrate 15, 70051, Barletta (BT), Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University School of Medicine, Viale L. Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Radiology Unit, “IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
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Dilawri A, Muir J, Brodie D, Abrams D, Agerstrand C, Madahar P, Dzierba AL. Practices surrounding antimicrobial use in patients managed with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: An international survey. J Crit Care 2024; 81:154534. [PMID: 38367526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2024.154534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to survey critical care clinicians and characterize their perception of antimicrobial dosing strategies in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). METHODS International, cross-sectional survey distributed to members of the Society of Critical Care Medicine in October 2022. RESULTS Respondents were primarily physicians (45%), with 92% practicing in North America. Ninety-seven percent of respondents reported antimicrobial dosing in critically ill patients to be challenging, due to physiological derangements seen in the patient population. Eighty-seven percent reported consideration of physicochemical drug properties when dosing antimicrobials in ECMO-supported patients, with lipophilicity (83%) and degree of protein binding (74%) being the two most common. Respondents' approach to antimicrobial dosing strategies did not significantly differ in critically ill ECMO-supported patients, compared to patients with equal severity of illness not receiving ECMO support. CONCLUSION Approaches to antimicrobial dosing strategies do not significantly differ among respondents between critically ill patients on ECMO support, compared to patients with equal severity of illness not receiving ECMO support. These findings were unexpected considering the added physiologic complexity of the ECMO circuit to critically ill adult patients and the need for well designed and adequately powered studies to inform empiric dosing guidance for ECMO-supported patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Dilawri
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Justin Muir
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Daniel Brodie
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Darryl Abrams
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Cara Agerstrand
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Purnema Madahar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Amy L Dzierba
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America; Center for Acute Respiratory Failure, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America.
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Spece H, Khachatryan A, Phillips FM, Lanman TH, Andersson GB, Garrigues GE, Bae H, Jacobs JJ, Kurtz SM. Presentation and management of infection in total disc replacement: A review. N Am Spine Soc J 2024; 18:100320. [PMID: 38590972 PMCID: PMC10999484 DOI: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2024.100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Total disc replacement (TDR) is widely used in the treatment of cervical and lumbar spine pathologies. Although TDR infection, particularly delayed infection, is uncommon, the results can be devastating, and consensus on clinical management remains elusive. In this review of the literature, we asked: (1) What are the reported rates of TDR infection; (2) What are the clinical characteristics of TDR infection; and (3) How has infection been managed for TDR patients? Methods We performed a search of the literature using PubMed and Embase to identify studies that reported TDR infection rates, the identification and management of TDR infection, or TDR failures with positive cultures. Twenty database studies (17 focusing on the cervical spine and 3 on the lumbar spine) and 10 case reports representing 15 patients were reviewed along with device Summary of Safety and Effectiveness Data reports. Results We found a lack of clarity regarding how infection was diagnosed, indicating a variation in clinical approach and highlighting the need for a standard definition of TDR infection. Furthermore, while reported infection rates were low, the absence of a clear definition prevented robust data analysis and may contribute to underreporting in the literature. We found that treatment strategy and success rely on several factors including patient symptoms and time to onset, microorganism type, and implant positioning/stability. Conclusions Although treatment strategies varied throughout the extant literature, common practices in eliminating infection and reconstructing the spine emerged. The results will inform future work on the creation of a more robust definition of TDR infection and as well as recommendations for management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Spece
- Drexel University Implant Research Core, 3401 Market St., Suite 345, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Armen Khachatryan
- The Disc Replacement Center, 3584 W 9000 S Suite 209, Salt Lake City, UT 84088, USA
| | - Frank M. Phillips
- Division of Spine Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison St. #400, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Todd H. Lanman
- Lanman Spinal Neurosurgery, 450 N Roxbury Dr., 3rd Floor, Beverly Hills, CA 90210, USA
| | - Gunnar B.J. Andersson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University, 1611 W Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Grant E. Garrigues
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University, 1611 W Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hyun Bae
- Cedars-Sinai Spine Center, 444 S San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Joshua J. Jacobs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University, 1611 W Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Steven M. Kurtz
- Drexel University Implant Research Core, 3401 Market St., Suite 345, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Nirmal N, Koirala P, Khanashyam AC, Panichayupakaranant P, Septama AW. Combined effect of brazilin-rich extract and lawsone methyl ether against infection-causing bacteria. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103999. [PMID: 38646564 PMCID: PMC11031759 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial contamination and infection widely affect the food, pharmaceutical and biomedical industries. Additionally, these bacteria developed resistance to synthetic antibiotics causing public health danger, globally. Natural plant extracts (NPE) are suitable alternatives to synthetic antibiotics to tackle antimicrobial resistance problems. Furthermore, a blend or combination of different NPEs exerts a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the combined effect of brazilin-rich extract (BRE) and lawsome methyl ether (LME) against infection-causing common bacteria were evaluated. BRE had a lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against most of the Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) while LME was active against most of the Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis). The combination of BRE and LME at 2:1 and 1:1 concentration significantly reduced the MIC value of each compound as compared to either BRE or LME concentration alone (P < 0.05). Further time-kill kinetics revealed a 3.0-3.5 log reduction in Gram-positive bacteria and a 2.5-3.0 log reduction in Gram-negative bacteria during 120 min of incubation, respectively. Therefore, a combination of BRE and LME was recommended as natural antibacterial to synthetic antibiotics for food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Nirmal
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Pankaj Koirala
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Anandu Chandra Khanashyam
- Deaprtment of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, St Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkla Thailand
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Soekarno, Cibinong, Jawa Barat, 16911, Indonesia
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Han B, Liu F, Hu S, Chen X, Lin C, Lee IS, Chen C. An antibacterial membrane based on Janus bacterial cellulose with nano-sized copper oxide through polydopamine conjugation for infectious wound healing. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121923. [PMID: 38431418 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by Acetobacter xylinum has great advantages in wound dressing. However, the structural limitation under static culture, and lack of antibacterial properties restrict its application, especially for infectious wound healing. The present study reported an original wound dressing, which was composed of a Janus BC membrane with antibacterial nano-sized copper oxide (CuO) through polydopamine (PDA) conjugation to promote wound healing under infectious condition. The finished product (CuO/PDA/BC membrane) exhibited favorable air permeability, high hydrophilicity and good mechanical properties, as well as strong antibacterial effects by the sustained release of CuO and photothermal effect of CuO/PDA. Furthermore, CuO/PDA/BC membrane inhibited inflammatory response and promoted wound healing in an infectious wound model in vivo. These results suggested that our CuO/PDA/BC membrane had great potential as wound dressing for infectious wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, PR China
| | - Shuhang Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Chenming Lin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - In-Seop Lee
- Institute of Human Materials, Suwon 16514, Republic of Korea
| | - Cen Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China; Zhejiang provincial key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
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10
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Dolar A, Petrišič T, Drobne D, Jemec Kokalj A. Response of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber to lipopolysaccharide challenge after microplastic and insecticide exposure. Sci Total Environ 2024; 925:171698. [PMID: 38499105 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The exposure of organisms to microplastics could compromise their ability to cope with other environmental stressors, such as infections. In this context, we investigated the effects of a 14-day exposure of the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber to tire particles in soil (1.5 % w w-1 dry weight) on the organisms' response to a secondary exposure, i.e., injection of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. In addition, the insecticide chlorpyrifos (2 mg kg-1 dry weight) was tested as a positive control. The survival and immune response of P. scaber was assessed at the end of the 7- and 14-day primary exposure and two days after the secondary exposure, by analyzing selected haemolymph immune parameters (total haemocyte count, differential haemocyte count, and haemocyte viability). No change in survival was observed after primary exposure of P. scaber to tire particles or chlorpyrifos. However, primary exposure to chlorpyrifos triggered a strong activation of the immune response, which was not the case following exposure to the tire particles. Further injection of lipopolysaccharide into the body did not affect the survival of animals exposed to tire particles or chlorpyrifos, while a strong immunomodulatory change was observed, particularly with chlorpyrifos, and to some extent, tire particles. Based on these results, we conclude that exposure of P. scaber to tire particles or chlorpyrifos has no significant effect on the susceptibility of the organism to lipopolysaccharide in terms of their mortality, but primary exposure to an insecticide significantly modulates the immune response of the organisms to a second stressor. We discuss the "stress on stress" approach for testing low-toxic substances, such as microplastics, where an environmentally realistic exposure is followed by a secondary exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andraž Dolar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tina Petrišič
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anita Jemec Kokalj
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Naidu G, Tripathi DK, Nagar N, Mishra A, Poluri KM. Targeting chemokine-receptor mediated molecular signaling by ethnopharmacological approaches. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 325:117837. [PMID: 38310985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Infection and inflammation are critical to global human health status and the goal of current pharmacological interventions intends formulating medications/preventives as a measure to deal with this situation. Chemokines and their cognate receptors are major regulatory molecules in many of these ailments. Natural products have been a keen source to the drug development industry, every year contributing significantly to the growing list of FDA approved drugs. A multiverse of natural resource is employed as a part of curative regimen in folk/traditional/ethnomedicine which can be employed to discover, repurpose, and design potent medications for the diseases of clinical concern. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to systematically document the ethnopharmacologically active agents targeting the infectious-inflammatory diseases through the chemokine-receptor nexus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Articles related to chemokine/receptor modulating ethnopharmacological anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious natural sources, bioactive compounds, and formulations have been examined with special emphasis on women related diseases. The available literature has been thoroughly scrutinized for the application of traditional medicines in chemokine associated experimental methods, their regulatory outcomes, and pertinence to women's health wherever applicable. Moreover, the potential traditional regimens under clinical trials have been critically assessed. RESULTS A systematic and comprehensive review on the chemokine-receptor targeting ethnopharmaceutics from the available literature has been provided. The article discusses the implication of traditional medicine in the chemokine system dynamics in diverse infectious-inflammatory disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, allergic diseases, inflammatory diseases, neuroinflammation, and cancer. On this note, critical evaluation of the available data surfaced multiple diseases prevalent in women such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, breast cancer, cervical cancer and urinary tract infection. Currently there is no available literature highlighting chemokine-receptor targeting using traditional medicinal approach from women's health perspective. Moreover, despite being potent in vitro and in vivo setups there remains a gap in clinical translation of these formulations, which needs to be strategically and scientifically addressed to pave the way for their successful industrial translation. CONCLUSIONS The review provides an optimistic global perspective towards the applicability of ethnopharmacology in chemokine-receptor regulated infectious and inflammatory diseases with special emphasis on ailments prevalent in women, consecutively addressing their current status of clinical translation and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutami Naidu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nupur Nagar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 342011, Rajasthan, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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12
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Graziani G, Ghezzi D, Boi M, Baldini N, Sassoni E, Cappelletti M, Fedrizzi G, Maglio M, Salamanna F, Tschon M, Martini L, Zaffagnini S, Fini M, Sartori M. Ionized jet deposition of silver nanostructured coatings: Assessment of chemico-physical and biological behavior for application in orthopedics. Biomater Adv 2024; 159:213815. [PMID: 38447383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Infection is one of the main issues connected to implantation of biomedical devices and represents a very difficult issue to tackle, for clinicians and for patients. This study aimed at tackling infection through antibacterial nanostructured silver coatings manufactured by Ionized Jet Deposition (IJD) for application as new and advanced coating systems for medical devices. Films composition and morphology depending on deposition parameters were investigated and their performances evaluated by correlating these properties with the antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of the coatings, against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains and with their cytotoxicity towards human cell line fibroblasts. The biocompatibility of the coatings, the nanotoxicity, and the safety of the proposed approach were evaluated, for the first time, in vitro and in vivo by rat subcutaneous implant models. Different deposition times, corresponding to different thicknesses, were selected and compared. All silver coatings exhibited a highly homogeneous surface composed of nanosized spherical aggregates. All coatings having a thickness of 50 nm and above showed high antibacterial efficacy, while none of the tested options caused cytotoxicity when tested in vitro. Indeed, silver films impacted on bacterial strains viability and capability to adhere to the substrate, in a thickness-dependent manner. The nanostructure obtained by IJD permitted to mitigate the toxicity of silver, conferring strong antibacterial and anti-adhesive features, without affecting the coatings biocompatibility. At the explant, the coatings were still present although they showed signs of progressive dissolution, compatible with the release of silver, but no cracking, delamination or in vivo toxicity was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Graziani
- BST-NaBi Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory and Nanobiotechnology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- BST-NaBi Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory and Nanobiotechnology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Boi
- BST-NaBi Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory and Nanobiotechnology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nicola Baldini
- BST-NaBi Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory and Nanobiotechnology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Sassoni
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Fedrizzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), Reparto Chimico degli Alimenti, Via Pietro Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Melania Maglio
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesca Salamanna
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matilde Tschon
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucia Martini
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefano Zaffagnini
- II Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Milena Fini
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Sartori
- Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
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13
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Zhu S, Chen X, He D, Zhang M, Man X, Tang Y, Diao Y. Role of long non-coding RNA DLY6E in regulating TMUV infection. Virus Res 2024; 343:199350. [PMID: 38438020 PMCID: PMC10982077 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of RNA with a length greater than 200 nt and lacking coding ability. In recent years, a considerable number of lncRNAs have been found to have important functions. The lncRNA plays an important role in growth and development, body metabolism, immune function, and regulation of viral replication. A lncRNA, MSTRG8505.2, was screened and named lncRNA DLY6E, which was a new duck-derived lncRNA. The lncRNADLY6E in this study has a complex secondary structure, specifically distributed in the heart, liver and other organs. The expression of lncRNA DLY6E was significantly up-regulated after TMUV infection, which was time-dependent and non-dose-dependent. Overexpression of three structural proteins and seven non-structural proteins of TMUV in DEF cells showed no significant difference in the expression of lncRNADLY6E. Meanwhile, using lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and poly (I:C) to stimulate DEF cells, the results showed that the induced expression of lncRNA DLY6E was associated with the dsRNA-related TLR3/RIG-I/MDA5 pathway rather than the LPS activated signaling pathway. To further explore the function of lncRNA DLY6E, an eukaryotic expression vector was constructed. Overexpression of lncRNA DLY6E in DEF cells can increase the replication of TMUV. After overexpression of lncRNADLY6E, the transcriptional level of its target gene LY6E was detected, and the results showed that lncRNADLY6E did not act through its target gene. Overexpression of lncRNA DLY6E significantly inhibited the mRNA levels of OAS, Mx and PKR, suggesting that lncRNA DLY6E may promote the virus by inhibiting the transcription of antiviral proteins in innate immunity. This phenomenon provides new ideas for the prevention and control of TMUV, which is worth further thinking and exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Dalin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Meijuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xinhong Man
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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Reddy S, Schwartzman G, Luu LA, Im G, Flowers RH, Guffey DJ. Differentiating hidradenitis suppurativa flare from infection in the emergency department and recommendations for transitioning care to the outpatient setting. Am J Emerg Med 2024; 79:58-62. [PMID: 38367431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2024.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa is a painful and often progressive inflammatory skin condition that presents with papules, nodules, abscesses, and tunnels in the axillary, inframammary and anogenital regions. HS can be difficult to differentiate from a skin infection, such as a bacterial abscess. However, differentiation between the two is important as management of hidradenitis suppurativa often requires long-term follow-up and specialist care. Emergency physicians should be aware of how to differentiate acute hidradenitis suppurativa flares from similarly presenting conditions, particularly skin and soft tissue infection, when encountered in the emergency department and what steps should be taken to adequately bridge care to the outpatient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Reddy
- Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | | | - Lydia A Luu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Grace Im
- Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R Hal Flowers
- Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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15
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Wu D, Van Oerle R, Martinez A, Piper HG. Risk Factors for Infection in Neonates With Intestinal Failure. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:854-857. [PMID: 38365474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neonates with intestinal failure (IF) are at risk for infection due to central venous access, and intestinal surgery. Infection can cause systemic inflammation and sepsis, potentially affecting growth. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for, and the potential impact of infection to help with preventative strategies. METHODS A retrospective review of infants with IF, at a single centre from 2018 to 2022 was conducted. Clinical characteristics, intestinal pathology, nutritional intake, and growth were compared among infants with bloodstream infection (BSI), other infection (OI) (urinary, respiratory, or wound), or no infection (NI) within 2 months of diagnosis. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons with p-values <0.05 considered significant. RESULTS Eighty-six infants were included, with gastroschisis (41%) and necrotizing enterocolitis (26%) the most common diagnoses. Fifty-nine % of infants developed infection (22% BSI and 37% OI). Those with BSI or OI had a lower gestational age and birthweight, and were more likely to have a stoma. All infants with complex gastroschisis developed infection compared to 38% of infants with simple gastroschisis. Median daily weight gain was suboptimal across all groups and did not differ over 6 weeks following infection. CONCLUSION Most infants with IF develop infection shortly after diagnosis. Risk factors include prematurity, complex gastroschisis, and the presence of a stoma. Growth was suboptimal but did not differ among infants with or without infection. TYPE OF STUDY Retrospective Review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III Retrospective Comparative Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rhonda Van Oerle
- Division of Neonatology, University of British Columbia/BC Women's Hospital and Health Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrea Martinez
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia/BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hannah G Piper
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of British Columbia/BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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16
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Mikulska M, Oltolini C, Zappulo E, Bartoletti M, Frustaci AM, Visentin A, Vitale C, Mauro FR. Prevention and management of infectious complications in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treated with BTK and BCL-2 inhibitors, focus on current guidelines. Blood Rev 2024; 65:101180. [PMID: 38331696 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2024.101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
CLL is associated with an increased risk of infectious complications. Treatment with BTK or BCL-2 inhibitors does not seem to increase significantly the risk of opportunistic infections, but the role of combination therapies including BTK and/or BCL-2 inhibitors remains to be established. Various infectious complications can be successfully prevented with appropriate risk management strategies. In this paper we reviewed the international guidelines on prevention and management of infectious complications in patients with CLL treated with BTK or BCL-2 inhibitors. Universal pharmacological anti-herpes, antibacterial or antifungal prophylaxis is not warranted. Reactivation of HBV should be prevented in HBsAg-positive subjects. For HBsAg-negative/HBcAb-positive patients recommendations differ, but in case of combination treatment should follow those for other, particularly anti-CD20, agent. Immunization should be provided preferably before the onset of treatment. Immunoglobulin therapy has favourable impact on morbidity but not mortality in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia and severe or recurrent infections. Lack of high-quality data and heterogeneity of patients or protocols included in the studies might explain differences among the main guidelines. Better data collection is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Mikulska
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | | | - Emanuela Zappulo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Bartoletti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090 Pieve Emanuele Milan, Italy; Infectious Disease Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Visentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Candida Vitale
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca R Mauro
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Murru R, Galitzia A, Barabino L, Presicci R, La Nasa G, Caocci G. Prediction of severe infections in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a simple risk score to stratify patients at diagnosis. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1655-1664. [PMID: 38236391 PMCID: PMC11009768 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is well-known for increasing susceptibility to infections. Factors such as immune dysregulation, IGHV status, hypogammaglobulinemia, and patient comorbidity and treatment, contribute to higher infection rates and mortality. However, the impact of hypogammaglobulinemia on infection rates is controversial. We aimed to identify clinical and biological parameters linked to the risk of severe infectious events. Additionally, we set up a straightforward risk infection score to stratify CLL patients at diagnosis, thereby enabling the development of suitable infection prevention strategies. We retrospectively evaluated 210 unselected CLL patients diagnosed between 1988 and 2018. This evaluation encompassed demographics, Binet stage, immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, treatment history, comorbidities, and IGHV mutational status at diagnosis. The frequency and severity of infectious events were recorded. Analysis revealed that age, IGHV mutational status, Binet stage, and hypogammaglobulinemia were statistically associated with the Time to First Infection (TTFI) in univariate and multivariate analyses. Using hazard ratios from the multivariate analysis, we finally devised a risk scoring system that integrated age, IGHV mutational status, immunoglobulin levels, and Binet stage to stratify patients at diagnosis based on their specific infection risk. In our cohort, disease progression and infections were the leading cause of death. These findings pointed out the clinical need for a screening process strategic for defining infectious risk at the time of CLL diagnosis, with a significant enhancement in the clinical management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Murru
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Ospedale Oncologico A. Businco, ARNAS G. Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Galitzia
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luca Barabino
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberta Presicci
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giorgio La Nasa
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Ospedale Oncologico A. Businco, ARNAS G. Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Caocci
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Ospedale Oncologico A. Businco, ARNAS G. Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy.
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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Saleh M, Sjöwall J, Bendtsen M, Sjöwall C. The prevalence of neutropenia and association with infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a Swedish single-center study conducted over 14 years. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:839-849. [PMID: 38502234 PMCID: PMC10980633 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-024-05566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Hematologic abnormalities are common manifestations of SLE, although neutropenia is observed less frequently and is not included in the classification criteria. Nonetheless, neutropenia is a risk factor for infections, especially those caused by bacteria or fungi. We aimed to evaluate the impact of neutropenia in SLE through a systematic investigation of all infections in a large cohort of well-characterized patients, focusing on neutropenia, lymphopenia, and hypocomplementemia. Longitudinal clinical and laboratory parameters obtained at visits to the Rheumatology Unit, Linköping University Hospital, and linked data on all forms of healthcare utilization for all the subjects included in our regional SLE register during 2008-2022 were assessed. Data regarding confirmed infections were retrieved from the medical records. Overall, 333 patients were included and monitored during 3,088 visits to a rheumatologist during the study period. In total, 918 infections were identified, and 94 occasions of neutropenia (ANC < 1.5 × 109/L) were detected in 40 subjects (12%). Thirty neutropenic episodes in 15 patients occurred in association with infections, of which 13 (43%) required in-hospital care, 4 (13%) needed intensive care, and 1 (3%) resulted in death. Bayesian analysis showed that patients with ≥ 1 occasion of neutropenia were more likely to experience one or more infections (OR = 2.05; probability of association [POA] = 96%). Both invasiveness (OR = 7.08; POA = 98%) and severity (OR = 2.85; POA = 96%) of the infections were significantly associated with the present neutropenia. Infections are common among Swedish SLE patients, 12% of whom show neutropenia over time. Importantly, neutropenia is linked to both the invasiveness and severity of infections. Awareness of the risks of severe infections in neutropenic patients is crucial to tailor therapies to prevent severe illness and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Saleh
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection/Rheumatology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
- Rheumatology Unit, Linköping University Hospital, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Sjöwall
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection/Infectious Diseases, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marcus Bendtsen
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Society and Health, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sjöwall
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection/Rheumatology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Tang H, Sun G, Xu Y, Men S, Jiang W, Wang C. Simultaneous determination of inflammatory factors SAA and LTF based on stable element labeling and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to aid in the diagnosis of infection. J Immunol Methods 2024; 528:113666. [PMID: 38574805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical value of Serum amyloid A (SAA) and Lactoferrin (LTF) has received significant attention, but their detection methods are inadequate, which limits their application. This study aims to develop a dual detection method based on stable element labeling strategies and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for SAA/LTF and to assess whether it can be widely used in clinical practice. METHODS A duplex immunoassay system based on sandwich method was constructed. After optimization, methodological evaluation was performed with the guidelines of Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Finally, 131 plasma samples were collected to analyze whether the new method is suitable for clinical detection. RESULTS The LoB, LLoQ, ULoQ, and linear range of the assay were 1.09 ng/mL, 3 ng/mL, 1500 ng/mL, 3-1500 ng/mL for SAA and 0.85 ng/mL, 2 ng/mL, 1200 ng/mL, 2-1200 ng/mL for LTF respectively. The recovery rates were 95.01% to 106.26%, the intra-batch precision of low, intermediate, and high-level samples was <8%, and the inter-batch of them was <11%, the deviation of interference test results was less than±10%. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) was 0.9809 for SAA, 0.8599 for LTF, and 0.9986 for combination. CONCLUSION The quantitative duplex immunoassay for SAA/LTF has high accuracy, good precision, and high specificity, which meets the clinical testing requirements and can be widely used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the first Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Gongwei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Shuangqing Road 30, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the first Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shasha Men
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the first Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wencan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital and Capital Medical University, South Fourth Ring West Road 119, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China.
| | - Chengbin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the first Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China.
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Fujita K, Elkington PT. Cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and infections: A particular focus on mycobacterial infections. Respir Investig 2024; 62:339-347. [PMID: 38417355 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Cancer treatment is undergoing a major transformation with the advent of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. These drugs, which have a different mechanism of action from conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, are transforming treatment paradigms for many patients suffering from advanced cancer. On the other hand, they are often complicated by specific adverse events, known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Infections occurring during immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently received increasing attention and sometimes are seen as part of irAEs. Amongst these, mycobacterial infections have attracted particular attention. Recent reports have shown that infections occurring during immunotherapy can not only be caused by immunosuppression, but in addition new type of infections are observed that are not caused by immunosuppression. Specifically, tuberculosis (TB) has recently been shown to develop as a result of an imbalance in immunoregulation and an excessive immune response. This review highlights reports of infections during immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors, followed by a focus on the association with TB and nontuberculous mycobacteria. It concludes with a discussion of the possible mechanisms of pathogenesis and the implications for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Fujita
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Paul T Elkington
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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21
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Liu S, Li C, Xu S, Guo Y, Luo H. Association Between Helicobacter pylori and Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Voice 2024:S0892-1997(24)00114-0. [PMID: 38644072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is controversial that Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is involved in the pathogenesis or development of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD). OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential association between LPRD and H pylori infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic review was performed of studies assessing the diagnosis or treatment of LPRD among patients with H pylori infection. Data sources are PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE[Ovid], Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov. RESULTS Fifteen studies were analyzed in the review, with all eligible for the meta-analysis. A significant association between H pylori infection and LPRD was detected for higher rates of H pylori infection in patients with LPRD than in non-LPRD patients (relative risk (RR), 1.35; 95% CI, 1.12-1.63; P = 0.002), and H pylori-positive patients had a higher prevalence of LPRD than H pylori-negative patients (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.31; P = 0.001). The prevalence of H pylori among patients with LPRD was 49% (95% CI, 36-61), the prevalence of H pylori among patients with non-LPRD was 35% (95% CI, 23-49). CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE The limited evidence indicated the association between LPRD risk and increased H pylori infection. Different population races, diagnostic approach to LPRD, variant H pylori testing methods, age and sex may contribute to the heterogeneity. Further well-designed studies regarding the efficacy of H pylori eradication in the treatment of LPRD are strongly recommended in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Pujiang Hospital, Minhang Branch of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Changjiang Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Eye&ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Siyan Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Eye&ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Huajie Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
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22
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Mohamed AH, Eltyeb E, Said B, Eltayeb R, Algaissi A, Hober D, Alhazmi AH. COVID-19 and malaria co- infection: a systematic review of clinical outcomes in endemic areas. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17160. [PMID: 38646476 PMCID: PMC11032658 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 and malaria cause significant morbidity and mortality globally. Co-infection of these diseases can worsen their impact on public health. This review aims to synthesize literature on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 and malaria co-infection to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted using MeSH terms and keywords from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to January 2023. The review included original articles on COVID-19 and malaria co-infection, evaluating their methodological quality and certainty of evidence. It was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023393562). Results Out of 1,596 screened articles, 19 met the inclusion criteria. These studies involved 2,810 patients, 618 of whom had COVID-19 and malaria co-infection. Plasmodium falciparum and vivax were identified as causative organisms in six studies. Hospital admission ranged from three to 18 days. Nine studies associated co-infection with severe disease, ICU admission, assisted ventilation, and related complications. One study reported 6% ICU admission, and mortality rates of 3%, 9.4%, and 40.4% were observed in four studies. Estimated crude mortality rates were 10.71 and 5.87 per 1,000 person-days for patients with and without concurrent malaria, respectively. Common co-morbidities included Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory disorders. Conclusion Most patients with COVID-19 and malaria co-infection experienced short-term hospitalization and mild to moderate disease severity. However, at presentation, co-morbidities and severe malaria were significantly associated with higher mortality or worse clinical outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of early detection, prompt treatment, and close monitoring of patients with COVID-19 and malaria co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Didier Hober
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Lille, France
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23
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Kim GM, Song S, Kim DY, Kim SH, Lee CW, Bae M, Kim JW, Huh U. Impact of insertion into the left internal jugular vein in chemoport-associated infections: a retrospective single-center study of 1690 cases. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8925. [PMID: 38637601 PMCID: PMC11026388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59749-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We analyzed chemoport insertion procedures to evaluate infectious morbidity and factors causing infection. This single-center retrospective study included 1690 cases of chemoport implantation between January 2017 and December 2020. Overall, chemoports were inserted in 1582 patients. The average duration of chemoport use was 481 days (range 1-1794, median 309). Infections occurred in 80 cases (4.7%), with 0.098 per 1000 catheter-days. Among the 80 cases in which chemoports were removed because of suspected infection, bacteria were identified in 48 (60%). Significantly more cases of left internal jugular vein punctures were noted in the infected group (15 [18.8%] vs. 147 [9.1%]; p = 0.004). Pulmonary embolism was significantly different between the infection groups (3 [3.8%] vs. 19 (1.2%), p = 0.048). The hazard ratio was 2.259 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.288-3.962) for the left internal jugular vein, 3.393 (95% CI 1.069-10.765) for pulmonary embolism, and 0.488 (95% CI 0.244-0.977) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Using the right internal jugular vein rather than the left internal jugular vein when performing chemoport insertion might reduce subsequent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwon-Min Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Song
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Han Kim
- Division of Respiratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Won Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Miju Bae
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Up Huh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Backrud O, Engberg E, Nyberg K, Wieslander P, Moore ERB. Chromobacterium sp. septicemia in Sweden. A clinical case report. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:34. [PMID: 38637789 PMCID: PMC11027382 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromobacterium is a genus of fourteen species with validly published names, most often found in soil and waters in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The most well-known species of the genus, C. violaceum, occasionally causes clinically relevant infections; cases of soft tissue infections with septicemia and fatal outcomes have been described. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we present a clinical case report of a 79-year-old man from Sweden with a soft-tissue infection and septicemia. The pathogen was identified as a strain of Chromobacterium species, but not C. violaceum. The patient was treated with clindamycin and ciprofloxacin and recovered well. CONCLUSIONS This case report demonstrates the potential of Chromobacterium species as infectious agents in immunocompetent patients. It also indicates the existence of a novel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Backrud
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden.
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Erik Engberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Kristina Nyberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Peter Wieslander
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Edward R B Moore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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25
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Zahra W, Nayar SK, Bhadresha A, Jasani V, Aftab S. Safety of tranexamic acid in surgically treated isolated spine trauma. World J Orthop 2024; 15:346-354. [DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v15.i4.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tranexamic acid (TXA), a synthetic antifibrinolytic drug, effectively reduces blood loss by inhibiting plasmin-induced fibrin breakdown. This is the first study in the United Kingdom to investigate the effectiveness of TXA in the surgical management of isolated spine trauma.
AIM To assess the safety of TXA in isolated spine trauma. The primary and secondary outcomes are to assess the rate of thromboembolic events and to evaluate blood loss and the incidence of blood transfusion, respectively.
METHODS This prospective observational study included patients aged ≥ 17 years with isolated spine trauma requiring surgical intervention over a 6-month period at two major trauma centers in the United Kingdom.
RESULTS We identified 67 patients: 26 (39%) and 41 (61%) received and did not receive TXA, respectively. Both groups were matched in terms of age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, and mechanism of injury. A higher proportion of patients who received TXA had a subaxial cervical spine injury classification or thoracolumbar injury classification score > 4 (74% vs 56%). All patients in the TXA group underwent an open approach with a mean of 5 spinal levels involved and an average operative time of 203 min, compared with 24 patients (58%) in the non-TXA group who underwent an open approach with an average of 3 spinal levels involved and a mean operative time of 159 min. Among patients who received TXA, blood loss was < 150 and 150–300 mL in 8 (31%) and 15 (58%) patients, respectively. There were no cases of thromboembolic events in any patient who received TXA.
CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that TXA is safe for isolated spine trauma. It is challenging to determine whether TXA effectively reduces blood loss because most surgeons prefer TXA for open or multilevel cases. Further, larger studies are necessary to explore the rate, dosage, and mode of administration of TXA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajiha Zahra
- Trauma and Orthopedics Department, University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 6QG, United Kingdom
| | - Sandeep Krishan Nayar
- Trauma and Orthopedics Department, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health Institute, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom
| | - Ashwin Bhadresha
- Trauma and Orthopedics Department, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health Institute, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom
| | - Vinay Jasani
- Craniospinal Services, University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 6QG, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Aftab
- Spine Department, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health Institute, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom
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26
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Coulthurst SJ. Bacteria deploy umbrella toxins against their competitors. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-01016-5. [PMID: 38632420 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-01016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
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27
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Qiu X, Wang F, Sha A. Infection and transmission of henipavirus in animals. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:102183. [PMID: 38640700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Henipavirus (HNV) is well known for two zoonotic viruses in the genus, Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV), which pose serious threat to human and animal health. In August 2022, a third zoonotic virus in the genus Henipavirus, Langya virus (LayV), was discovered in China. The emergence of HeV, NiV, and LayV highlights the persistent threat of HNV to human and animal health. In addition to the above three HNVs, new species within this genus are still being discovered. Although they have not yet caused a pandemic in humans or livestock, they still have the risk of spillover as a potential threat to the health of humans and animals. It's important to understand the infection and transmission of different HNV in animals for the prevention and control of current or future HNV epidemics. Therefore, this review mainly summarizes the animal origin, animal infection and transmission of HNV that have been found worldwide, and further analyzes and summarizes the rules of infection and transmission, so as to provide a reference for relevant scientific researchers. Furthermore, it can provide a direction for epidemic prevention and control, and animal surveillance to reduce the risk of the global pandemic of HNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Qiu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Ailong Sha
- School of Teacher Education, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404120, China.
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28
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Wu KA, Anastasio AT, Krez AN, O'Neill C, Adams SB, DeOrio JK, Easley ME, Nunley JA. Diabetic management and infection risk in total ankle arthroplasty. Foot Ankle Surg 2024:S1268-7731(24)00079-1. [PMID: 38637171 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) increases in popularity nationwide for the management of end-stage arthritis, it is essential to understand ways to mitigate the risk of infection. Diabetes increases the risk of infection due to compromised immunity and impaired wound-healing mechanisms. However, there is limited research on how diabetic management, inclusive of medications and glucose control, may impact infection risks post-TAA. This study aims to demonstrate the impact of diabetic management on the occurrence of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following TAA. METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients who underwent a TAA at a single academic institution from March 2002 to May 2022. Patients with diabetes who developed an intraarticular infection following TAA were propensity score matched (1:3) to diabetic patients who did not. Data collection included demographics, implant types, diabetic medications, and preoperative hemoglobin A1c. PJI was diagnosed based on Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. Statistical analyses assessed differences in medication use, glucose control, and infection rates between groups. RESULTS Of the 1863 patients who underwent TAA, 177 patients had a diagnosis of diabetes. The infection rate in patients with diabetes (2.8%) was higher than the total cohort rate (0.8%). Five patients with diabetes developed a PJI at an average of 2.2 months postoperatively. This cohort (n = 5) was compared to propensity score-matched controls (n = 15). There was no significant difference in diabetic medication use. Patients who developed PJI had higher rates of uncontrolled diabetes (60.0% vs. 6.7%) and average A1c levels (7.02% vs. 6.29%) compared to controls. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the elevated risk of PJI observed in individuals with diabetes subsequent to TAA may be attributed not solely to the presence of diabetes, but to inadequate glycemic control. Effectively managing blood glucose levels is imperative for achieving favorable outcomes following TAA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Wu
- Division of Foot and Ankle, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Albert T Anastasio
- Division of Foot and Ankle, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Alexandra N Krez
- Division of Foot and Ankle, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Conor O'Neill
- Division of Foot and Ankle, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Samuel B Adams
- Division of Foot and Ankle, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - James K DeOrio
- Division of Foot and Ankle, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Mark E Easley
- Division of Foot and Ankle, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - James A Nunley
- Division of Foot and Ankle, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Jiang F, Chen Q, Wu Y, Su X, Zhuang J, Zhang Z, Wei Q, Hu J, Zhan S. Postsurgical analysis of expander implantation including pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024; 93:39-41. [PMID: 38631085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2024.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Jiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, PR China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang 830017, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, PR China
| | - Xueshang Su
- Department of Cosmetic Injection Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, PR China
| | - Jun Zhuang
- Department of Cosmetic Injection Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, PR China
| | - Ziming Zhang
- Department of Cosmetic Injection Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, PR China
| | - Qingqian Wei
- Department of Cosmetic Injection Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, PR China
| | - Jintian Hu
- Department of Cosmetic Injection Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, PR China.
| | - Sien Zhan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, PR China.
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30
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Tang JX, Zhao D. Current status of liver transplantation for human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in mainland China. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:1958-1962. [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i14.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the report from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection exceeded 1.2 million individuals by the year 2022, with an annual increase of about 80000 cases. The overall prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen among individuals co-infected with HIV reached 13.7%, almost twice the rate of the general population in China. In addition to the well-documented susceptibility to opportunistic infections and new malignancies, HIV infected patients frequently experience liver-related organ damage, with the liver and kidneys being the most commonly affected. This often leads to the development of end-stage liver and kidney diseases. Therefore, organ transplantation has emerged as an important part of active treatment for HIV infected patients. However, the curative effect is not satisfactory. HIV infection has been considered a contraindication for organ transplantation. Until the emergence of highly active anti-retroviral therapy in 1996, the once intractable replication of retrovirus was effectively inhibited. With prolonged survival, the failure of important organs has become the main cause of death among HIV patients. Therefore, transplant centers worldwide have resumed exploration of organ transplantation for HIV-infected individuals and reached a positive conclusion. This study provides an overview of the current landscape of HIV-positive patients receiving liver transplantation (LT) in mainland China. To date, our transplant center has conducted LT for eight end-stage liver disease patients co-infected with HIV, and all but one, who died two months postoperatively due to sepsis and progressive multi-organ failure, have survived. Comparative analysis with hepatitis B virus-infected patients during the same period revealed no statistically significant differences in acute rejection reactions, cytomegalovirus infection, bacteremia, pulmonary infections, acute kidney injury, new-onset cancers, or vascular and biliary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Tang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
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31
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Cui J, Cai W, Lin J, Zhang L, Miao Y, Xu Y, Zhao W. Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells as an immune indicator of early diagnosis and prognosis in patients with sepsis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:399. [PMID: 38609858 PMCID: PMC11015644 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppression is a leading cause of septic death. Therefore, it is necessary to search for biomarkers that can evaluate the immune status of patients with sepsis. We assessed the diagnostic and prognostic value of low-density neutrophils (LDNs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) subsets in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with sepsis. METHODS LDNs and MDSC subsets were compared among 52 inpatients with sepsis, 33 inpatients with infection, and 32 healthy controls to investigate their potential as immune indicators of sepsis. The percentages of LDNs, monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs), and polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) in PBMCs were analyzed. Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) levels were measured concurrently. RESULTS The percentages of LDNs and MDSC subsets were significantly increased in infection and sepsis as compared to control. MDSCs performed similarly to CRP and PCT in diagnosing infection or sepsis. LDNs and MDSC subsets positively correlated with PCT and CRP levels and showed an upward trend with the number of dysfunctional organs and SOFA score. Non-survivors had elevated M-MDSCs compared with that of patients who survived sepsis within 28 days after enrollment. CONCLUSIONS MDSCs show potential as a diagnostic biomarker comparable to CRP and PCT, in infection and sepsis, even in distinguishing sepsis from infection. M-MDSCs show potential as a prognostic biomarker of sepsis and may be useful to predict 28-day hospital mortality in patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Pinghai Road, Gusu District, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Pinghai Road, Gusu District, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Pinghai Road, Gusu District, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Pinghai Road, Gusu District, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Youhan Miao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 60 Qingnian Middle Road, Chongchuan District, 226006, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Pinghai Road, Gusu District, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Pinghai Road, Gusu District, 215006, Suzhou, China.
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Zhou C, Jiang T, Liu S, He Y, Yang G, Nie J, Wang F, Yang X, Chen Z, Lu C. AgNPs loaded adenine-modified chitosan composite POSS-PEG hybrid hydrogel with enhanced antibacterial and cell proliferation properties for promotion of infected wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131575. [PMID: 38614178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Wound healing is a dynamic and complex process, it's urgent to develop new wound dressings with excellent performance to promote wound healing at the different stages. Here, a novel composite hydrogel dressing composed by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) impregnated adenine-modified chitosan (CS-A) and octafunctionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) of benzaldehyde-terminated polyethylene glycol (POSS-PEG-CHO) solution was presented to solve the problem of wound infection. Modification of chitosan with adenine, not only can improve the water solubility of chitosan, but also introduce bioactive substances to promote cell proliferation. CS-A and POSS-PEG-CHO were cross-linked by Schiff-base reaction to form the injectable self-healing hydrogel. On this basis, AgNPs were added into the hydrogel, which endows the hydrogel with better antibacterial activity. Moreover, this kind of hydrogel exhibits excellent cell proliferation properties. Studies demonstrated that the hydrogel can significantly accelerate the closure of infected wounds. The histological analysis and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that the wounds treated with the composite hydrogel exhibited fewer inflammatory cells, more collagen deposition and angiogenesis, faster regeneration of epithelial tissue. Above all, adenine-modified chitosan composite hydrogel with AgNPs loaded was considered as a dressing material with great application potential for promoting the healing of infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Center of Performance Chemicals & Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Siju Liu
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Center of Performance Chemicals & Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yingjie He
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Center of Performance Chemicals & Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Guichun Yang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Center of Performance Chemicals & Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Junqi Nie
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Center of Performance Chemicals & Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Feiyi Wang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Center of Performance Chemicals & Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhenbing Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Cuifen Lu
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Center of Performance Chemicals & Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
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Kędzierska-Mieszkowska S, Kędzierska B, Potrykus K. LIC_12757 from the pathogenic spirochaete Leptospira interrogans encodes an autoregulated ECF σ E-type factor. Vet Microbiol 2024; 293:110092. [PMID: 38615476 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
ECF (extracytoplasmic function) σ factors, members of the σ70-family, are the largest class of alternative σ factors which are stimulated in the presence of specific signals and direct RNA polymerase to transcribe a defined subset of genes. Thanks to them, bacterial pathogens can effectively reprogram their gene expression and, consequently, survive in the host and establish infection in a relatively short time. The number of ECF σ factors encoded within bacterial genomes is different depending on a given species and it reflects the likelihood that these bacteria will encounter harsh environmental conditions. The genome of L. interrogans, a zoonotic pathogen responsible for leptospirosis, is predicted to encode 11 ECF σE-type factors, but none of them have been characterized biochemically to date and their functions are still unknown. Here, we focused on one of the leptospiral ECF σ factors, namely LIC_12757, which was previously found to be up-regulated at elevated temperatures and may be related to the expression of clpB encoding an important L. interrogans virulence factor. We report cloning of the coding sequence of the LIC_12757 gene, its expression with the pET system and biochemical characterization of LIC_12757. By performing EMSA and in vitro transcription assays, we provide strong evidence that LIC_12757 indeed functions as a transcriptional factor that enables RNA polymerase to bind to the specific σE-type promoter and to initiate transcription. Interestingly, we demonstrate that LIC_12757 is autoregulated at the transcriptional level. Our study is a first step towards determining key aspects of LIC_12757 function in pathogenic Leptospira.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Kędzierska
- Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-308, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Potrykus
- Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-308, Poland
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Gagliardo CM, Noto D, Giammanco A, Catanzaro A, Cimino MC, Presti RL, Tuttolomondo A, Averna M, Cefalù AB. Derivation and validation of a predictive mortality model of in-hospital patients with Acinetobacter baumannii nosocomial infection or colonization. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024:10.1007/s10096-024-04818-7. [PMID: 38607579 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04818-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) is a Gram-negative opportunistic bacterium responsible for nosocomial infections or colonizations. It is considered one of the most alarming pathogens due to its multi-drug resistance and due to its mortality rate, ranging from 34 to 44,5% of hospitalized patients. The aim of the work is to create a predictive mortality model for hospitalized patient with Ab infection or colonization. METHODS A cohort of 140 sequentially hospitalized patients were randomized into a training cohort (TC) (100 patients) and a validation cohort (VC) (40 patients). Statistical bivariate analysis was performed to identify variables discriminating surviving patients from deceased ones in the TC, considering both admission time (T0) and infection detection time (T1) parameters. A custom logistic regression model was created and compared with models obtained from the "status" variable alone (Ab colonization/infection), SAPS II, and APACHE II scores. ROC curves were built to identify the best cut-off for each model. RESULTS Ab infection status, use of penicillin within 90 days prior to ward admission, acidosis, Glasgow Coma Scale, blood pressure, hemoglobin and use of NIV entered the logistic regression model. Our model was confirmed to have a better sensitivity (63%), specificity (85%) and accuracy (80%) than the other models. CONCLUSION Our predictive mortality model demonstrated to be a reliable and feasible model to predict mortality in Ab infected/colonized hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Maria Gagliardo
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Child Health, Internal and Specialized Medicine of Excellence "G. D. Alessandro" (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Davide Noto
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Child Health, Internal and Specialized Medicine of Excellence "G. D. Alessandro" (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, Palermo, 90127, Italy.
| | - Antonina Giammanco
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Child Health, Internal and Specialized Medicine of Excellence "G. D. Alessandro" (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Andrea Catanzaro
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Cimino
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Child Health, Internal and Specialized Medicine of Excellence "G. D. Alessandro" (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Rosalia Lo Presti
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical, Exercise and Training Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Child Health, Internal and Specialized Medicine of Excellence "G. D. Alessandro" (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Maurizio Averna
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Child Health, Internal and Specialized Medicine of Excellence "G. D. Alessandro" (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, Palermo, 90127, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Baldassare Cefalù
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Child Health, Internal and Specialized Medicine of Excellence "G. D. Alessandro" (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 127, Palermo, 90127, Italy
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Yanai T, Yoshida S, Kawakami K. The Association Between Children's Autism Spectrum Disorders and Central Nervous System Infections: Using a Nationwide Claims Database. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06327-0. [PMID: 38607469 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Several studies have reported an association of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with central nervous system (CNS) infections and intrauterine infections; however, the results remain unclear. This study aimed to examine this issue using an extensive national database. Utilizing JMDC medical claims database, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of children with at least three years of follow-up from birth, ensuring the mother's information was available. The focus was on the relationship between ASD incidence and exposures like viral meningitis/encephalitis, bacterial meningitis, and intrauterine infections. Cox proportional hazards was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with covariates such as presence of maternal history of mental illness, preterm, low birth weight, respiratory and cardiac disorder, epilepsy, and cranial malformations. Sensitivity analysis was performed on sibling and multiple birth cohorts to adjust for genetic factors. Out of 276,195 mother-child pairs, bacterial meningitis was observed in 1326 (0.5%), viral meningitis/encephalitis in 6066 (2.2%), intrauterine infection in 3722 (1.3%), and ASD in 14,229 (5.2%) children. The adjusted HRs (95% confidence interval, p value) for ASD were 1.40 (1.25-1.57, p < 0.001), 1.14 (1.02-1.26, p = 0.013), and 1.06 (0.87-1.30, p = 0.539) for viral meningitis/encephalitis, intrauterine infection, and bacterial meningitis, respectively. After sensitivity analysis, the HRs for viral meningitis/encephalitis and ASD remained significantly high. Viral meningitis/encephalitis may be an independent risk factor for ASD. Awareness of this risk among healthcare professionals can lead to early intervention and potentially improved outcomes for affected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Yanai
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Yoshida-Konoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Satomi Yoshida
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Yoshida-Konoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Kawakami
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Yoshida-Konoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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Putera I, Ten Berge JCEM, Thiadens AAHJ, Dik WA, Agrawal R, van Hagen PM, La Distia Nora R, Rombach SM. Relapse in ocular tuberculosis: relapse rate, risk factors and clinical management in a non-endemic country. Br J Ophthalmol 2024:bjo-2024-325207. [PMID: 38609164 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2024-325207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the risk of uveitis relapse in ocular tuberculosis (OTB) following clinical inactivity, to analyse clinical factors associated with relapses and to describe the management strategies for relapses. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on a 10-year patient registry of patients with OTB diagnosed at Erasmus MC in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Time-to-relapse of uveitis was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier curve and risk factors for relapses were analysed. RESULTS 93 OTB cases were identified, of which 75 patients achieved clinical inactivity following treatment. The median time to achieve uveitis inactivity was 3.97 months. During a median follow-up of 20.7 months (Q1-Q3: 5.2-81.2) after clinical inactivity, uveitis relapse occurred in 25 of these 75 patients (33.3%). Patients who were considered poor treatment responders for their initial uveitis episode had a significantly higher risk of relapse after achieving clinical inactivity than good responders (adjusted HR=3.84, 95% CI: 1.28 to 11.51). 13 of the 25 relapsed patients experienced multiple uveitis relapse episodes, accounting for 78 eye-relapse episodes during the entire observation period. Over half (46 out of 78, 59.0%) of these episodes were anterior uveitis. A significant number of uveitis relapse episodes (31 episodes, 39.7%) were effectively managed with topical corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that approximately one-third of patients with OTB will experience relapse after achieving clinical inactivity. The initial disease course and poor response to treatment predict the likelihood of relapse in the long-term follow-up. Topical corticosteroids were particularly effective in relapse presenting as anterior uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhwanuliman Putera
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alberta A H J Thiadens
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem A Dik
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - P Martin van Hagen
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rina La Distia Nora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Rombach
- Department of Internal Medicine Section Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Maimaiti X, Liu K, Yusufu A, Xie Z. Treatment of tibial bone defects caused by infection: a retrospective comparative study of bone transport using a combined technique of unilateral external fixation over an intramedullary nail versus circular external fixation over an intramedullary nail. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:284. [PMID: 38609889 PMCID: PMC11010327 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to assess and compare the clinical efficacy of bone transport with either circular or unilateral external fixators over an intramedullary nail in the treatment of tibial bone defects caused by infection. METHODS Between May 2010 and January 2019, clinical and radiographic data were collected and analyzed for patients with bone defects caused by infection. Thirteen patients underwent bone transport using a unilateral external fixator over an intramedullary nail (Group A), while 12 patients were treated with a circular external fixator over an intramedullary nail (Group B). The bone and functional outcomes of both groups were assessed and compared using the Association for the Study and Application of the Method of the Ilizarov criteria, and postoperative complications were evaluated according to the Paley classification. RESULTS A total of 25 patients were successfully treated with bone transport using external fixators over an intramedullary nail, with a mean follow-up time of 31.63 ± 5.88 months. There were no significant statistical differences in age, gender, previous surgery per patient, duration of infection, defect size, and follow-up time between Group A and Group B (P > 0.05). However, statistically significant differences were observed in operation time (187.13 ± 21.88 min vs. 255.76 ± 36.42 min, P = 0.002), intraoperative blood loss (39.26 ± 7.33 mL vs. 53.74 ± 10.69 mL, P < 0.001), external fixation time (2.02 ± 0.31 month vs. 2.57 ± 0.38 month, P = 0.045), external fixation index (0.27 ± 0.08 month/cm vs. 0.44 ± 0.09 month/cm, P = 0.042), and bone union time (8.37 ± 2.30 month vs. 9.07 ± 3.12, P = 0.032) between Group A and Group B. The excellent and good rate of bone and functional results were higher in Group A compared to Group B (76.9% vs. 75% and 84.6% vs. 58.3%). Statistically significant differences were observed in functional results (excellent/good/fair/poor, 5/6/2/0 vs. 2/5/4/1, P = 0.013) and complication per patient (0.38 vs. 1.16, P = 0.012) between Group A and Group B. CONCLUSIONS Bone transport using a combined technique of external fixators over an intramedullary nail proved to be an effective method in treating tibial bone defects caused by infection. In comparison to circular external fixators, bone transport utilizing a unilateral external fixator over an intramedullary nail resulted in less external fixation time, fewer complications, and better functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayimaierdan Maimaiti
- Department of Trauma and Microreconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Trauma and Microreconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Aihemaitijiang Yusufu
- Department of Trauma and Microreconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China.
| | - Zengru Xie
- Department of Trauma and Microreconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China.
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Alhindawi M, Rhouati A, Noordin R, Cialla-May D, Popp J, Zourob M. Selection of ssDNA aptamers and construction of aptameric electrochemical biosensor for the detection of Giardia intestinalis trophozoite protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131509. [PMID: 38608978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Giardia intestinalis is one of the most widespread intestinal parasites and is considered a major cause of epidemic or sporadic diarrhea worldwide. In this study, we aimed to develop a rapid aptameric diagnostic technique for G. intestinalis infection. First, the SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) process generated DNA aptamers specific to a recombinant protein of the parasite's trophozoite. Ten selection rounds were performed; each round, the DNA library was incubated with the target protein conjugated to Sepharose beads. Then, the unbound sequences were removed by washing and the specific sequences were eluted and amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Two aptamers were selected, and the dissociation constants (Kd), were determined as 2.45 and 16.95 nM, showed their high affinity for the G. intestinalis trophozoite protein. Subsequently, the aptamer sequence T1, which exhibited better affinity, was employed to develop a label-free electrochemical biosensor. A thiolated aptamer was covalently immobilized onto a gold screen-printed electrode (SPGE), and the binding of the targeted protein was monitored using square wave voltammetry (SWV). The developed aptasensor enabled accurate detection of the G. intestinalis recombinant protein within the range of 0.1 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL, with an excellent sensitivity (LOD of 0.35 pg/mL). Moreover, selectivity studies showed a negligible cross-reactivity toward other proteins such as bovine serum albumin, globulin, and G. intestinalis cyst protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alhindawi
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11355, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina Rhouati
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11355, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mohammed Zourob
- Department of Chemistry, Alfaisal University, Al Zahrawi Street, Al Maather, Al Takhassusi Rd, Riyadh 11355, Saudi Arabia.
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Worku EM, Fekadu SA, Alemie BW, Lorato MM. Prevalence and associated factors of corneal opacity among adults in Kolladiba town, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2024; 9:e001665. [PMID: 38604783 PMCID: PMC11015280 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2024-001665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of corneal opacity among adults in Kolladiba town, Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a systematic random sampling technique. A total of 846 adult individuals were recruited for the study. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Gondar School of Medicine Ethical Review Committee. A standardised, semistructured questionnaire plus an ocular examination were used to collect the data. The data were entered into Epi Info V.7 and cleaned and analysed using SPSS V.26. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to select candidate variables and identify statistically significant factors. Variables with a p value of less than 0.05 according to the multivariable logistic regression analysis were considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The prevalence of corneal opacity among the study participants was 27.2% (95% CI 24.4% to 30.4%). In this study, age 49-60 years (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.90; 95% CI 1.03 to 3.32), age ≥61 years (AOR=2.12; 95% CI 1.17 to 3.87), inability to read and write (AOR=2.65; 95% CI 1.68 to 4.16), middle-income level (AOR=2.12; 95% CI 1.30 to 3.47) and poor income level (AOR=4.96; 95% CI 3.04 to 8.09) were factors that were significantly associated with corneal opacity.In this study, the prevalence of corneal opacity was considerably high. Being poor and unable to read and write were the primary factors significantly associated with corneal opacity. Hence, concerned stakeholders should strive to reverse the effects of corneal opacity on the quality of life of the study and causal studies should be considered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endalew Mulugeta Worku
- Department of Optometry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Sofonias Addis Fekadu
- Department of Optometry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Bersufekad Wubie Alemie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Merkineh Markos Lorato
- Department of Optometry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Lau EPM, Ing M, Vekaria S, Tan AL, Charlesworth C, Fysh E, Shrestha R, Yap ELC, Smith NA, Kwan BCH, Saghaie T, Roy B, Goddard J, Muruganandan S, Badiei A, Nguyen P, Hamid MFA, George V, Fitzgerald D, Maskell N, Feller-Kopman D, Murray K, Chakera A, Lee YCG. Australasian Malignant PLeural Effusion (AMPLE)-4 trial: study protocol for a multi-centre randomised trial of topical antibiotics prophylaxis for infections of indwelling pleural catheters. Trials 2024; 25:249. [PMID: 38594766 PMCID: PMC11005276 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a debilitating condition as it commonly causes disabling breathlessness and impairs quality of life (QoL). Indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) offers an effective alternative for the management of MPE. However, IPC-related infections remain a significant concern and there are currently no long-term strategies for their prevention. The Australasian Malignant PLeural Effusion (AMPLE)-4 trial is a multicentre randomised trial that evaluates the use of topical mupirocin prophylaxis (vs no mupirocin) to reduce catheter-related infections in patients with MPE treated with an IPC. METHODS A pragmatic, multi-centre, open-labelled, randomised trial. Eligible patients with MPE and an IPC will be randomised 1:1 to either regular topical mupirocin prophylaxis or no mupirocin (standard care). For the interventional arm, topical mupirocin will be applied around the IPC exit-site after each drainage, at least twice weekly. Weekly follow-up via phone calls or in person will be conducted for up to 6 months. The primary outcome is the percentage of patients who develop an IPC-related (pleural, skin, or tract) infection between the time of catheter insertion and end of follow-up period. Secondary outcomes include analyses of infection (types and episodes), hospitalisation days, health economics, adverse events, and survival. Subject to interim analyses, the trial will recruit up to 418 participants. DISCUSSION Results from this trial will determine the efficacy of mupirocin prophylaxis in patients who require IPC for MPE. It will provide data on infection rates, microbiology, and potentially infection pathways associated with IPC-related infections. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Sir Charles Gairdner and Osborne Park Health Care Group Human Research Ethics Committee has approved the study (RGS0000005920). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12623000253606. Registered on 9 March 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estee P M Lau
- Pleural Medicine Unit, Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Matthew Ing
- Pleural Medicine Unit, Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Sona Vekaria
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Ai Ling Tan
- Pleural Medicine Unit, Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Australia
| | - Chloe Charlesworth
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Edward Fysh
- Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St John of God Hospital Midland, Perth, Australia
- Curtin University Medical School, Perth, Australia
| | - Ranjan Shrestha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Elaine L C Yap
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicola A Smith
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin C H Kwan
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, The Sutherland Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tajalli Saghaie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bapti Roy
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Goddard
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
- Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Arash Badiei
- Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Phan Nguyen
- Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Vineeth George
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Deirdre Fitzgerald
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nick Maskell
- Academic Respiratory Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David Feller-Kopman
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Aron Chakera
- Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Renal Unit, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Y C Gary Lee
- Pleural Medicine Unit, Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Australia.
- Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia.
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Milligan AL, Randag AC, Lekkerkerk S, Fifer H. Increased incidence of adult gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis at two tertiary eye hospitals in Western Europe: clinical features, complications and antimicrobial susceptibility. Br J Ophthalmol 2024:bjo-2023-324750. [PMID: 38365428 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2023-324750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gonorrhoea is on the rise: between 2021 and 2022, a 50% and a 33% increase in diagnoses was seen, respectively, in England and the Netherlands. A concurrent rise in gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis (GKC) is a serious concern due to the potentially devastating visual complications. METHODS This is a retrospective case series of adult GKC from two Western European tertiary ophthalmology centres between 2017 and July 2023. The clinical features, ocular complications and antimicrobial susceptibilities are reported within. RESULTS An increased incidence was recorded at both centres, with 11 confirmed cases in the first 7 months of 2023, compared with ≤3 per year in 2017-2022. CONCLUSION The notable increase of GKC cases in our centres in 2023 may indicate a rise across Western Europe. Enhanced, sustained, national surveillance of GKC is essential to establish incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility, to inform treatment guidelines and guide appropriate public health response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice L Milligan
- Corneal and External Diseases Department and Emergency Department, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anna C Randag
- Corneal and External Diseases Department, Eye Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren Lekkerkerk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helen Fifer
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI & HIV Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
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Dai J, Fischer NG, Rahimi JR, Wang H, Hu C, Chen W, Lin Y, Sang T, Chew HP, Kong L, Aparicio C, Ye Z, Huang S. Interpenetrating nanofibrillar membrane of self-assembled collagen and antimicrobial peptides for enhanced bone regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131480. [PMID: 38599427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Bone regeneration remains a major clinical challenge, especially when infection necessitates prolonged antibiotic treatment. This study presents a membrane composed of self-assembled and interpenetrating GL13K, an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) derived from a salivary protein, in a collagen membrane for antimicrobial activity and enhanced bone regeneration. Commercially available collagen membranes were immersed in GL13K solution, and self-assembly was initiated by raising the solution pH to synthesize the multifunctional membrane called COL-GL. COL-GL was composed of interpenetrating large collagen fibers and short GL13K nanofibrils, which increased hydrophobicity, reduced biodegradation from collagenase, and stiffened the matrix compared to control collagen membranes. Incorporation of GL13K led to antimicrobial and anti-fouling activity against early oral surface colonizer Streptococcus gordonii while not affecting fibroblast cytocompatibility or pre-osteoblast osteogenic differentiation. GL13K in solution also reduced macrophage inflammatory cytokine expression and increased pro-healing cytokine expression. Bone formation in a rat calvarial model was accelerated at eight weeks with COL-GL compared to the gold-standard collagen membrane based on microcomputed tomography and histology. Interpenetration of GL13K within collagen sidesteps challenges with antimicrobial coatings on bone regeneration scaffolds while increasing bone regeneration. This strength makes COL-GL a promising approach to reduce post-surgical infections and aid bone regeneration in dental and orthopedic applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The COL-GL membrane, incorporating the antimicrobial peptide GL13K within a collagen membrane, signifies a noteworthy breakthrough in bone regeneration strategies for dental and orthopedic applications. By integrating self-assembled GL13K nanofibers into the membrane, this study successfully addresses the challenges associated with antimicrobial coatings, exhibiting improved antimicrobial and anti-fouling activity while preserving compatibility with fibroblasts and pre-osteoblasts. The accelerated bone formation observed in a rat calvarial model emphasizes the potential of this innovative approach to minimize post-surgical infections and enhance bone regeneration outcomes. As a promising alternative for future therapeutic interventions, this material tackles the clinical challenges of extended antibiotic treatments and antibiotic resistance in bone regeneration scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Dai
- Institute of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, 373 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nicholas G Fischer
- MDRCBB, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Joseph R Rahimi
- MDRCBB, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Hongning Wang
- Institute of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, 373 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoming Hu
- Institute of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, 373 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wener Chen
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yifan Lin
- Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ting Sang
- School of Stomatology of Nanchang University & The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hooi Pin Chew
- MDRCBB, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Liang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- MDRCBB, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Division of Basic Research, Faculty of Odontology UIC Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Zhou Ye
- MDRCBB, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Shengbin Huang
- Institute of Stomatology & Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, 373 Xueyuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Xia M, Wu Q, Wang Y, Peng Y, Qian C. Associations between ticagrelor use and the risk of infections: A Mendelian randomization study. J Infect Dis 2024:jiae177. [PMID: 38586880 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to elucidate the anti-infective effects of ticagrelor. METHODS AND RESULTS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum levels of ticagrelor or its major metabolite AR-C124910XX (ARC) in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes trial were selected as genetic proxies for ticagrelor exposure. Positive control analyses indicated that genetically surrogated serum ticagrelor levels (six SNPs) but not ARC levels (two SNPs) were significantly associated with lower risks of coronary heart disease. Therefore, the six SNPs were used as genetic instruments for ticagrelor exposure, and the genome-wide association study data for five infection outcomes were derived from the UK Biobank and FinnGen consortium. The two-sample MR analyses based on inverse variance-weighted methods indicated that genetic liability to ticagrelor exposure could reduce the risk of bacterial pneumonia (odds ratio [OR]: 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71-0.95, P = 8.75E-03) and sepsis (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73-0.94, P = 3.69E-03); however, no causal relationship between ticagrelor exposure and upper respiratory infection, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection was detected. Extensive sensitivity analyses corroborated these findings. CONCLUSION Our MR study provides further evidence for the preventive effects of ticagrelor on bacterial pneumonia and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingmeng Wu
- Healthcare-Associated Infections Control Center, The Affiliated Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Longchang People's Hospital, Neijiang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongquan Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Chen KH, Lievano JR, Velasquez Garcia AR, Nishikawa H, Chaney GK, Sanchez-Sotelo J, Morrey ME, O'Driscoll SW. Complications of Antibiotic Cement Spacers Used for Elbow Infections. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2024:S1058-2746(24)00235-0. [PMID: 38599456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2024.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibiotic cement spacers have been widely used in the treatment of joint infections. There are no commercially available antibiotic spacers for the elbow. Instead, they are typically fashioned by the surgeon at the time of surgery using cement alone or a combination of cement with sutures, Steinmann pins, external fixator components, or elbow arthroplasty components. There is no consensus regarding the ideal elbow antibiotic spacer and no previous studies have examined the complications associated with these handmade implants in relation to their unique structural design. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 55 patients who had 78 static antibiotic cement spacers implanted between January 1998 and February 2021 as part of a 2-stage treatment plan for infection of an elbow arthroplasty, other elbow surgery, or primary elbow infection. Several antibiotic spacer structures were used during the study period. For analysis purposes, the spacers were classified into linked and unlinked spacers based on whether there was a linking mechanism between the humerus and the ulna. Complications related to these spacers that occurred either during the implantation, between implantation and removal, or during removal were recorded and analyzed from chart review and follow-up x rays. Re-operations due to spacer-related complications were also recorded. RESULTS Among the 55 patients (78 spacers), there were 23 complications, including 17 minor and 6 major complications. The most common complication of unlinked spacers (intramedullary (IM) dowels, beads and cap spacer) was spacer displacement. Other complications included IM dowel fracture and difficulty locating beads during spacer removal. The major complications of linked cement spacers included two periprosthetic humerus fractures after internal external fixator cement spacers and re-operation due to breakage and displacement of one bushing cement spacer. The major complications of unlinked cement spacers included two reoperations due to IM dowel displacement and one reoperation due to displacement of beads. Among patients who had removal of all components and those with native joints, there was no statistically significant difference between internal external fixator cement spacers and unlinked cement spacers in minor complication rates (30% versus 16%, p=0.16), major complication rates (7% versus 8%, p=0.85) and re-operation rates (0% versus 8%, p=0.12). CONCLUSIONS Static handmade antibiotic elbow spacers have unique complications related to their structural designs. The most common complication of linked and non-linked cement spacers were failure of the linking mechanism and displacement, respectively. Surgeons should keep in mind the possible complications of different structures of cement spacers when choosing one antibiotic spacer structure over another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Hui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jorge Rojas Lievano
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ausberto R Velasquez Garcia
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Clinica Universidad de los Andes, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hiroki Nishikawa
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Grace K Chaney
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Mark E Morrey
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Yeo YH, San BJ, Tan JY, Jaiyesimi I, Mehta N. RISK OF INFECTION AND VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS WITH CARDIAC IMPLANTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES IMPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH A HISTORY OF MASTECTOMIES. Heart Rhythm 2024:S1547-5271(24)02324-5. [PMID: 38588994 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hao Yeo
- Department of Internal Medicine/Pediatrics, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | | | - Jia Yi Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College at Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ishmael Jaiyesimi
- Department of Medical Hematology Oncology, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Nishaki Mehta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
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Elghali M, Bannour I, Touil I, Changuel M, Brahem Y, Jaoued O, Boudawara N, Amor HIH, Elatrous S, Knani J, Sakly N. Increased Rheumatoid Factor production in patients with severe COVID-19. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116284. [PMID: 38604077 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Searching for Rheumatoid Factors (RF) in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rarely been described. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between RF isotypes (IgM, IgA, and IgG) and different clinical presentations of COVID-19 in a series of Tunisian patients. STUDY DESIGN Eighty-two COVID-19 patients were enrolled in this study. Symptomatic cases were recruited from the Department of COVID-19 and the intensive care unit (ICU) of the University Hospital of Mahdia, Tunisia, from January 2021 to March 2021. Different RF isotypes were assessed using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Forty-one patients (50%) had RF of any isotype. Thirty-two patients (39%) were tested positive for RF-IgM. Symptomatic forms of the disease were associated with RF-IgM positivity (p = 0.005). The mean concentration of RF-IgM was higher in the severe form than in the moderate and asymptomatic forms (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the production of RF-IgM isotype is increased in patients with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Elghali
- Immunology department, University Hospital F.B., University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - I Bannour
- Immunology department, University Hospital F.B., University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - I Touil
- Pneumology department, Tahar Sfar hospital, University of Monastir, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - M Changuel
- Immunology department, University Hospital F.B., University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Y Brahem
- Pneumology department, Tahar Sfar hospital, University of Monastir, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - O Jaoued
- Intensive Care Unit, Tahar Sfar hospital, University of Monastir, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - N Boudawara
- Pneumology department, Tahar Sfar hospital, University of Monastir, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - H Ibn Hadj Amor
- Cardiology Department, Tahar Sfar hospital, University of Monastir, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - S Elatrous
- Intensive Care Unit, Tahar Sfar hospital, University of Monastir, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - J Knani
- Pneumology department, Tahar Sfar hospital, University of Monastir, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - N Sakly
- Immunology department, University Hospital F.B., University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Deruelle P, de Villemeur AB, Huissoud C. [Systematic screening for cytomegalovirus during pregnancy: A fascinating and passionate subject!]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol 2024:S2468-7189(24)00192-2. [PMID: 38582285 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Deruelle
- Département de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier cedex, France; Groupe de travail « dépistage du cytomégalovirus chez la femme enceinte » du Haut Conseil de santé publique, Paris, France.
| | | | - Cyril Huissoud
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique de l'HFME, hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Faculté de médecine Lyon-Est, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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DeMichele E, Buret AG, Taylor CT. Hypoxia-inducible factor-driven glycolytic adaptations in host-microbe interactions. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-02953-w. [PMID: 38570355 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02953-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian cells utilize glucose as a primary carbon source to produce energy for most cellular functions. However, the bioenergetic homeostasis of cells can be perturbed by environmental alterations, such as changes in oxygen levels which can be associated with bacterial infection. Reduction in oxygen availability leads to a state of hypoxia, inducing numerous cellular responses that aim to combat this stress. Importantly, hypoxia strongly augments cellular glycolysis in most cell types to compensate for the loss of aerobic respiration. Understanding how this host cell metabolic adaptation to hypoxia impacts the course of bacterial infection will identify new anti-microbial targets. This review will highlight developments in our understanding of glycolytic substrate channeling and spatiotemporal enzymatic organization in response to hypoxia, shedding light on the integral role of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) during host-pathogen interactions. Furthermore, the ability of intracellular and extracellular bacteria (pathogens and commensals alike) to modulate host cellular glucose metabolism will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily DeMichele
- School of Medicine and Systems Biology Ireland, The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andre G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- School of Medicine and Systems Biology Ireland, The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Rutt LN, Liu M, Melamed E, Twardy S, Sturgill JL, Brenner LA, Hardesty J, Weinman SA, Tschann MM, Travers J, Welsh DA, Chichetto N, Crotty KM, Mackowiak B, Yeligar SM, Wyatt TA, McMahan RH, Choudry MA, Kovacs EJ, McCullough RL. Emerging concepts in alcohol, infection & immunity: A summary of the 2023 alcohol and immunology research interest group (AIRIG) meeting. Alcohol 2024; 118:9-16. [PMID: 38582261 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
On December 8th 2023, the annual Alcohol and Immunology Research Interest Group (AIRIG) meeting was held at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus in Aurora, Colorado. The 2023 meeting focused broadly on how acute and chronic alcohol exposure leads to immune dysregulation, and how this contributes to damage in multiple tissues and organs. These include impaired lung immunity, intestinal dysfunction, autoimmunity, the gut-Central Nervous System (CNS) axis, and end-organ damage. In addition, diverse areas of alcohol research covered multiple pathways behind alcohol-induced cellular dysfunction, including inflammasome activation, changes in miRNA expression, mitochondrial metabolism, gene regulation, and transcriptomics. Finally, the work presented at this meeting highlighted novel biomarkers and therapeutic interventions for patients suffering from alcohol-induced organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Rutt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mengfei Liu
- Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Esther Melamed
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Shannon Twardy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jamie L Sturgill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, USA; Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Josiah Hardesty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Steven A Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Madison M Tschann
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA; Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jared Travers
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David A Welsh
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Natalie Chichetto
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kathryn M Crotty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Pulmonary Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rachel H McMahan
- Division of GI Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mashkoor A Choudry
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA; Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Division of GI Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, USA; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca L McCullough
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Alcohol Research Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Huang K, Wang Y, Huang Y, Han S, Yang Y, Qu P, Liang B, Zhen Q, Chen W, Lin Y. Infection may play an important role in the pathogenesis of alveolar osteonecrosis following facial herpes zoster: a case report and literature review. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:409. [PMID: 38566112 PMCID: PMC10985961 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes zoster (HZ) is one of the most common skin diseases caused by viruses. Facial HZ develops when the varicella-zoster virus affects the trigeminal nerve, and alveolar osteonecrosis is a rare complication. However, the exact pathogenesis of postherpetic alveolar osteonecrosis remains unclear. CASE DESCRIPTION We encountered a patient who presented to the dermatology clinic with facial HZ and tooth exfoliation in the upper right jaw, and panoramic radiography revealed decreased bone density and poor alveolar socket healing in his right maxilla. Biopsy of the alveolar process revealed fragments of nonvital lamellar bone, which were devoid of osteoblasts and osteocytes and were surrounded by numerous neutrophils and bacterial aggregates. Thus, the diagnosis of alveolar osteonecrosis following facial HZ was confirmed. He then underwent resection of the osteonecrotic tissue. The pathological findings of postoperative tissue were similar to those of previous biopsies. Varicella-zoster virus and multiple types of bacteria were detected through next-generation sequencing, and the species of bacteria were consistent with the results of bacterial culture. Antibiotics and valaciclovir were administered during the perioperative period. The patient showed good recovery at the 9-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The coexistence of bacterial and viral infection may play an important role in the pathogenesis of alveolar osteonecrosis following HZ. To our knowledge, we are the first to directly explore microbial pathogens in a case of postherpetic alveolar osteonecrosis through next-generation sequencing and bacterial culture. We recommend that oral examinations be carefully conducted for patients who are diagnosed with facial HZ, even if their facial rashes have faded away. We suggest that a prolonged and full-dose antiviral therapy course may be beneficial for the treatment of facial HZ with intraoral lesions. The implementation of dental preventive measures should be considered for patients with facial HZ. The application of antibiotics and excision of necrotic bone may reduce the abundance of bacteria in lesions and improve wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Youyuan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Shanshan Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yu Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Pinghua Qu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Baoying Liang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Qingyu Zhen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Ying Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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