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Gagliardi A, Chiarella E, Voci S, Ambrosio N, Celano M, Cristina Salvatici M, Cosco D. DIFUCOSIN: DIclofenac sodium salt loaded FUCOidan-SericIN nanoparticles for the management of chronic inflammatory diseases. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:124034. [PMID: 38531433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The current investigation emphasizes the use of fucoidan and sericin as dual-role biomaterials for obtaining novel nanohybrid systems for the delivery of diclofenac sodium (DS) and the potential treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. The innovative formulations containing 4 mg/ml of fucoidan and 3 mg/ml of sericin showed an average diameter of about 200 nm, a low polydispersity index (0.17) and a negative surface charge. The hybrid nanosystems demonstrated high stability at various pHs and temperatures, as well as in both saline and glucose solutions. The Rose Bengal assay evidenced that fucoidan is the primary modulator of relative surface hydrophobicity with a two-fold increase of this parameter when compared to sericin nanoparticles. The interaction between the drug and the nanohybrids was confirmed through FT-IR analysis. Moreover, the release profile of DS from the colloidal systems showed a prolonged and constant drug leakage over time both at pH 5 and 7. The DS-loaded nanohybrids (DIFUCOSIN) induced a significant decrease of IL-6 and IL-1β with respect to the active compound in human chondrocytes evidencing a synergistic action of the individual components of nanosystems and the drug and demonstrating the potential application of the proposed nanomedicine for the treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Gagliardi
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emanuela Chiarella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Silvia Voci
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Ambrosio
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marilena Celano
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Salvatici
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM)-Electron Microscopy Centre (Ce.M.E.), National Research Council (CNR), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Donato Cosco
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
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Ri-Wen, Yang YH, Zhang TN, Liu CF, Yang N. Targeting epigenetic and post-translational modifications regulating pyroptosis for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107182. [PMID: 38614373 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases, including infectious diseases, diabetes-related diseases, arthritis-related diseases, neurological diseases, digestive diseases, and tumor, continue to threaten human health and impose a significant financial burden despite advancements in clinical treatment. Pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory programmed cell death pathway, plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation. Moderate pyroptosis contributes to the activation of native immunity, whereas excessive pyroptosis is associated with the occurrence and progression of inflammation. Pyroptosis is complicated and tightly controlled by various factors. Accumulating evidence has confirmed that epigenetic modifications and post-translational modifications (PTMs) play vital roles in the regulation of pyroptosis. Epigenetic modifications, which include DNA methylation and histone modifications (such as methylation and acetylation), and post-translational modifications (such as ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and acetylation) precisely manipulate gene expression and protein functions at the transcriptional and post-translational levels, respectively. In this review, we summarize the major pathways of pyroptosis and focus on the regulatory roles and mechanisms of epigenetic and post-translational modifications of pyroptotic components. We also illustrate these within pyroptosis-associated inflammatory diseases. In addition, we discuss the effects of novel therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic and post-translational modifications on pyroptosis, and provide prospective insight into the regulation of pyroptosis for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri-Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yu-Hang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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Lee S, Yun S, Yang H, Lee N, Kim Y, Lee S, Zamora NA, Montero SS, Yi DK, Kim SY, Choi S, Choi T, Kim MS, Lee Y, Park YH. Guarea microcarpa C. DC. extract inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome by suppressing its ATPase activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 323:117711. [PMID: 38176663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Guarea genus comprises tropical and subtropical terrestrial herbs inhabiting Central and South America. These plants, including Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer, have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral, and immune-enhancing properties. AIM OF THE STUDY Although various species of the Guarea genus are known for their medicinal properties, comprehensive data on their anti-inflammatory effects remain limited. Therefore, we investigated the NLRP3 inflammasome-inhibiting effects of the Guarea genus in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of 18 members of the Guarea genus, we treated NLRP3 inflammasome activators with their extracts in LPS-primed J774A.1 and THP-1 cells. Cell viability was determined by water soluble tetrazolium salt (WST) and cytokine production, protein expression, and nuclear fractionation were determined by western blotting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) oligomerization were measured using confocal microscopic analysis. Inflammation-induced zebrafish was used in the in vivo experiments. RESULTS Among the 18 Guarea members tested, Guarea microcarpa C. DC. extract (GM) exhibited no cytotoxicity and specifically suppressed the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, but not of the AIM2 or NLRC4 inflammasomes, by inhibiting the ATPase activity of NLRP3. This was achieved without affecting NF-κB signaling, potassium efflux, or intracellular ROS production, all of which are involved in NLRP3 activation. The reduced ATPase activity of NLRP3 led to decreased ASC oligomerization. Furthermore, GM exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. Additionally, GM treatment alleviated inflammation at the organismal level in an LPS-induced inflammation model using zebrafish embryos. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects of GM via suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome. Therefore, GM can be a potential therapeutic candidate for various inflammatory diseases caused by aberrant NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sojin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeyun Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nahyun Lee
- Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea.
| | - YeJi Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sumin Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nelson A Zamora
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Santo Domingo de Heredia, 22-3100, Costa Rica.
| | - Silvia Soto Montero
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), Santo Domingo de Heredia, 22-3100, Costa Rica.
| | - Dong-Keun Yi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo-Yong Kim
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangho Choi
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taesoo Choi
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea.
| | - Man S Kim
- Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoonsung Lee
- Clinical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Hwan Park
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Swaroop AK, Negi P, Kar A, Mariappan E, Natarajan J, Namboori P K K, Selvaraj J. Navigating IL-6: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic breakthroughs. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 76:48-76. [PMID: 38220583 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This concise review navigates the intricate realm of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), an important member of the cytokine family. Beginning with an introduction to cytokines, this narrative review unfolds with the historical journey of IL-6, illuminating its evolving significance. A crucial section unravels the three distinct signaling modes employed by IL-6, providing a foundational understanding of its versatile interactions within cellular landscapes. Moving deeper, the review meticulously dissects IL-6's signaling mechanisms, unraveling the complexities of its pleiotropic effects in both physiological responses and pathological conditions. A significant focus is dedicated to the essential role IL-6 plays in inflammatory diseases, offering insights into its associations and implications for various health conditions. The review also takes a therapeutic turn by exploring the emergence of anti-IL-6 monoclonal inhibitors, marking a profound stride in treatment modalities. Diving into the molecular realm, the review explores small molecules as agents for IL-6 inhibition, providing a nuanced perspective on diverse intervention strategies. As the review embarks on the final chapters, it contemplates future aspects, offering glimpses into potential research trajectories and the evolving landscape of IL-6-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akey Krishna Swaroop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Preeya Negi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ayushi Kar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Esakkimuthukumar Mariappan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jawahar Natarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Namboori P K
- Amrita Molecular Modeling and Synthesis (AMMAS) Research lab, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham, Amrita Nagar, Ettimadai, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jubie Selvaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Chen X, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Wei M, Tian T, Zhu D, Guan Y, Wei W, Ma Y. The research progression of direct NLRP3 inhibitors to treat inflammatory disorders. Cell Immunol 2024; 397-398:104810. [PMID: 38324950 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome represents a cytoplasmic multiprotein complex with the capability to recognize a wide range of pathogen-derived, environmental, and endogenous stress-related factors. Dysregulated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the development of various inflammasome-associated disorders, highlighting its significance as a pivotal target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Nonetheless, despite its clinical importance, there is currently a lack of specific drugs available for directly targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Several strategies have been explored to target different facets of the NLRP3 inflammasome, with interventions aimed at directly inhibiting NLRP3 demonstrating the most promising efficacy and safety profiles. In this review, we provide a summary of direct inhibitors targeting NLRP3, elucidating their inhibitory mechanisms, clinical trial phases, and potential applications. Through this discussion, we aim to shed light on the implications of NLRP3 inhibition for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammasome and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammasome and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammasome and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammasome and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammasome and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammasome and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mengzhu Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammasome and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammasome and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammasome and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammasome and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Dacheng Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammasome and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammasome and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yanling Guan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammasome and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammasome and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammasome and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammasome and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Yang Ma
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammasome and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammasome and Immune Medicine, Center of Rheumatoid Arthritis of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Donaldson L, Jeeva-Patel T, Mandell D, Margolin E. Enhancement of Subarachnoid Oculomotor Nerves in Bickerstaff Brainstem Encephalitis. Can J Neurol Sci 2024; 51:323-324. [PMID: 36537000 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2022.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Donaldson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trishal Jeeva-Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Mandell
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward Margolin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sristi, Almalki WH, Karwasra R, Gupta G, Singh S, Sharma A, Sahebkar A, Kesharwani P. Advances in the polymeric nanoparticulate delivery systems for RNA therapeutics. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2024; 204:219-248. [PMID: 38458739 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
RNA therapeutics have emerged as potential treatments for genetic disorders, infectious diseases, and cancer. RNA delivery to target cells for efficient therapeutic applications remains challenging due to instability and poor uptake. Polymeric nanoparticulate delivery systems offer stability, protection, and controlled release. These systems shield RNA from degradation, enabling efficient uptake and extended circulation. Various polymeric nanoparticle platforms have been explored, including lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, and polymer-drug conjugates. This review outlines recent breakthroughs of recent advances, design principles, characterization techniques, and performance evaluation of these delivery systems. It highlights their potential in translating preclinical studies into clinical applications. Additionally, the review discusses the application of polymeric nanoparticles in ophthalmic drug delivery, particularly for medications that dissolve poorly in water, and the progress made in siRNA-based therapies for viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. SiRNA holds great promise for precision medicine and therapeutic intervention, with the ability to target specific genes and modulate disease-associated pathways. The versatility and potency of siRNA-based drugs offer a broader scope for therapeutic intervention compared to traditional biological drugs. As research in RNA therapeutics continues to advance, these technologies hold tremendous potential to revolutionize the treatment of various diseases and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sristi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ritu Karwasra
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM), Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, Janakpuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Gupta
- Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India; School of Allied Medical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, India
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
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Yang R, Liu Q, Wang D, Zhao Z, Su Z, Fan D, Liu Q. The Toll-like Receptor-2/4 Antagonist, Sparstolonin B, and Inflammatory Diseases: A Literature Mining and Network Analysis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024:10.1007/s10557-023-07535-z. [PMID: 38270691 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sparstolonin B (SsnB) is characterized as a new toll-like receptor (TLR)-2/4 antagonist. However, the effects of SsnB on different inflammatory diseases have not been systemically reviewed. METHODS We investigated the effects of SsnB on inflammatory diseases with data mining and network analysis of literature, including frequency description, cluster analysis, association rule mining, functional enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) mining. RESULTS A total of 27 experimental reports were included. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines were used to evaluate the quality of animal studies. Frequency analysis revealed 13 different diseases (cardio-cerebrovascular system diseases account for 23.53%), 12 pharmacological effects (anti-inflammatory effect accounts for 53.85%), and 67 therapeutic targets. The overview of investigation sequence of SsnB studies was depicted by Sankey diagram. Cluster analysis classified the therapeutic targets for SsnB into four main categories: (1) NF-κB; (2) IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α; (3) TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88; (4) the other targets. Moreover, the Apriori association discovered two main association pairs: (1) TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and (2) TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88 (support range 33.33-50%, confidence range 83.33-88.89%). Functional enrichment of the therapeutic targets for SsnB showed that the top enriched items in the biological process were mainly the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/bacterial origin and regulation of cytokine production. Finally, the PPI network and hub gene selection by maximal clique centrality (MCC) algorithm indicated the top ranked proteins were TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, AKT1, PPAR-γ, TLR4, CCL2, and TLR2. CONCLUSION These results emphasized the importance of TLR2/TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB-IL-1β/IL-6/TNF-α pathways as therapeutic targets of SsnB in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, 510405, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhaohai Su
- Ganzhou Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA.
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Zhou G, Liu H, Yuan Y, Wang Q, Wang L, Wu J. Lentinan progress in inflammatory diseases and tumor diseases. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:8. [PMID: 38172925 PMCID: PMC10763102 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Shiitake mushrooms are a fungal food that has been recorded in Chinese medicine to nourish the blood and qi. Lentinan (lLNT) is an active substance extracted from shiitake mushrooms with powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor functions. Inflammatory diseases and cancers are the leading causes of death worldwide, posing a serious threat to human life and health and posing enormous challenges to global health systems. There is still a lack of effective treatments for inflammatory diseases and cancer. LNT has been approved as an adjunct to chemotherapy in China and Japan. Studies have shown that LNT plays an important role in the treatment of inflammatory diseases as well as oncological diseases. Moreover, clinical experiments have confirmed that LNT combined with chemotherapy drugs has a significant effect in improving the prognosis of patients, enhancing their immune function and reducing the side effects of chemotherapy in lung cancer, colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. However, the relevant mechanism of action of the LNT signaling pathway in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Therefore, this article reviews the mechanism and clinical research of LNT in inflammatory diseases and tumor diseases in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangda Zhou
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xingtai Third Hospital, Xingtai, 054000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, 271000, China.
| | - Lanping Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, China.
| | - Jianghua Wu
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, China.
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Ksila M, Ghzaiel I, Sassi K, Zarrouk A, Leoni V, Poli G, Rezig L, Pires V, Meziane S, Atanasov AG, Hammami S, Hammami M, Masmoudi-Kouki O, Hamdi O, Jouanny P, Samadi M, Vejux A, Ghrairi T, Lizard G. Therapeutic Applications of Oxysterols and Derivatives in Age-Related Diseases, Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, and Cancers. Adv Exp Med Biol 2024; 1440:379-400. [PMID: 38036890 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterols, resulting from the oxidation of cholesterol, are formed either by autoxidation, enzymatically, or by both processes. These molecules, which are provided in more or less important quantities depending on the type of diet, are also formed in the body and their presence is associated with a normal physiological activity. Their increase and decrease at the cellular level and in biological fluids can have significant consequences on health due or not to the interaction of some of these molecules with different types of receptors but also because oxysterols are involved in the regulation of RedOx balance, cytokinic and non-cytokinic inflammation, lipid metabolism, and induction of cell death. Currently, various pathologies such as age-related diseases, inflammatory and infectious diseases, and several cancers are associated with abnormal levels of oxysterols. Due to the important biological activities of oxysterols, their interaction with several receptors and their very likely implications in several diseases, this review focuses on these molecules and on oxysterol derivatives, which are often more efficient, in a therapeutic context. Currently, several oxysterol derivatives are developed and are attracting a lot of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ksila
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ghzaiel
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Khouloud Sassi
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Brianza ASST-Brianza, Desio Hospital, Desio, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Leila Rezig
- University of Carthage, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, LR11ES26, LIP-MB 'Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules', Tunis, Tunisia
- University of Carthage, High Institute of Food Industries, El Khadra City, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Vivien Pires
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Smail Meziane
- Institut Européen des Antioxydants (IEA), Neuves-Maisons, France
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Sonia Hammami
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
- University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms (LR16IRA03), Arid Regions Institute, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Oumaima Hamdi
- University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
- Pôle Personnes Agées, CHU de Dijon, Centre de Champmaillot, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Jouanny
- Pôle Personnes Agées, CHU de Dijon, Centre de Champmaillot, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Mohammad Samadi
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics Multi-Scale Approach to Complex Environments, Department of Chemistry, University Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Anne Vejux
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Taoufik Ghrairi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France.
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11
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Aziz T, Hussain N, Hameed Z, Lin L. Elucidating the role of diet in maintaining gut health to reduce the risk of obesity, cardiovascular and other age-related inflammatory diseases: recent challenges and future recommendations. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2297864. [PMID: 38174551 PMCID: PMC10773664 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2297864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A healthy balanced diet is crucial in protecting the immune system against infections and diseases. Poor diets, such as the Western diet, contribute to the development of metabolic diseases, hypertension, and obesity. Microbiota, primarily composed of different microorganisms and residing in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), also play a significant role in maintaining gut health. Polyphenols and probiotics found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds promote gut health and support the growth of beneficial bacteria. Different types of diets, their categories, and their impact on health are also mentioned. The relationship between diet, gut health, and the risk of developing obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory diseases is discussed in this review article. The rationale behind the review concludes future recommendations for maintaining gut health and reducing the occurrence of obesity, cardiometabolic diseases, and other inflammatory diseases. There is also the need for standardized research methods, long-term studies, and translating scientific knowledge into practical dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Aziz
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Nageen Hussain
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Campus, University of the Punjab, Punjab, Lahore
| | - Zunaira Hameed
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Campus, University of the Punjab, Punjab, Lahore
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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12
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Moltoni G, Romano A, Blandino A, Palizzi S, Romano A, D'Arrigo B, Guarnera A, Dellepiane F, Frezza V, Gagliardo O, Tari Capone F, Grossi A, Trasimeni G, Bozzao A. Extra-axial cranial nerve enhancement: a pattern-based approach. Radiol Med 2024; 129:118-132. [PMID: 37882918 PMCID: PMC10808254 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-023-01734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Cranial nerve enhancement is a common and challenging MRI finding that requires a meticulous and systematic evaluation to identify the correct diagnosis. Literature mainly describes the various pathologies with the associated clinic-radiological characteristics, while the radiologist often needs a reverse approach that starts from the radiological findings to reach the diagnosis. Therefore, our aim is to provide a new and practical pattern-based approach to cranial nerve enhancement, which starts from the radiological findings and follows pattern-driven pipelines to navigate through multiple differential diagnoses, guiding the radiologist to reach the proper diagnosis. Firstly, we reviewed the literature and identified four patterns to categorize the main pathologies presenting with cranial nerve enhancement: unilateral linear pattern, bilateral linear pattern, unilateral thickened pattern, and bilateral thickened pattern. For each pattern, we describe the underlying pathogenic origin, and the main radiological features are displayed through high-quality MRI images and illustrative panels. A suggested MRI protocol for studying cranial nerve enhancement is also provided. In conclusion, our approach for cranial nerve enhancement aims to be an easy tool immediately applicable to clinical practice for converting challenging findings into specific pathological patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Moltoni
- NESMOS, Department of Neuroradiology, S.Andrea Hospital, University Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 00135, Rome, Italy.
- Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza di Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Romano
- NESMOS, Department of Neuroradiology, S.Andrea Hospital, University Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Blandino
- NESMOS, Department of Neuroradiology, S.Andrea Hospital, University Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Palizzi
- NESMOS, Department of Neuroradiology, S.Andrea Hospital, University Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Allegra Romano
- NESMOS, Department of Neuroradiology, S.Andrea Hospital, University Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Guarnera
- NESMOS, Department of Neuroradiology, S.Andrea Hospital, University Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 00135, Rome, Italy
- Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza di Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Dellepiane
- NESMOS, Department of Neuroradiology, S.Andrea Hospital, University Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 00135, Rome, Italy
- Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza di Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Frezza
- NESMOS, Department of Neuroradiology, S.Andrea Hospital, University Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Gagliardo
- NESMOS, Department of Neuroradiology, S.Andrea Hospital, University Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Tari Capone
- NESMOS, Department of Neuroradiology, S.Andrea Hospital, University Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Grossi
- NESMOS, Department of Neuroradiology, S.Andrea Hospital, University Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Trasimeni
- NESMOS, Department of Neuroradiology, S.Andrea Hospital, University Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bozzao
- NESMOS, Department of Neuroradiology, S.Andrea Hospital, University Sapienza, Via di Grottarossa, 00135, Rome, Italy
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13
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Soares CLR, Wilairatana P, Silva LR, Moreira PS, Vilar Barbosa NMM, da Silva PR, Coutinho HDM, de Menezes IRA, Felipe CFB. Biochemical aspects of the inflammatory process: A narrative review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115764. [PMID: 37897973 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective response of the body potentially caused by microbial, viral, or fungal infections, tissue damage, or even autoimmune reactions. The cardinal signs of inflammation are consequences of immunological, biochemical, and physiological changes that trigger the release of pro-inflammatory chemical mediators at the local of the injured site thus, increasing blood flow, vascular permeability, and leukocyte recruitment. The aim of this study is to give an overview of the inflammatory process, focusing on chemical mediators. The literature review was based on a search of journals published between the years 2009 and 2023, regarding the role of major chemical mediators in the inflammatory process and current studies in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. Some of the recent contributions in the study of inflammatory pathologies and their mediators, including cytokines and chemokines, the kinin system, free radicals, nitric oxide, histamine, cell adhesion molecules, leukotrienes, prostaglandins and the complement system and their role in human health and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Leal Rodrigues Soares
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular - DBM. Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Campus I - Jardim Cidade Universitária, CEP 58059-900 João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Larissa Rodrigues Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular - DBM. Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Campus I - Jardim Cidade Universitária, CEP 58059-900 João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Polyanna Silva Moreira
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular - DBM. Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Campus I - Jardim Cidade Universitária, CEP 58059-900 João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Nayana Maria Medeiros Vilar Barbosa
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular - DBM. Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Campus I - Jardim Cidade Universitária, CEP 58059-900 João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Pablo Rayff da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular - DBM. Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Campus I - Jardim Cidade Universitária, CEP 58059-900 João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular - LMBM. Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel Antônio Luiz, 1161, Oimenta, CEP 63105-000 Crato, Brazil.
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Química Molecular - LFQM. Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Rua Cel Antônio Luiz, 1161, Pimenta, CEP 63105-000 Crato, Brazil
| | - Cícero Francisco Bezerra Felipe
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular - DBM. Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Campus I - Jardim Cidade Universitária, CEP 58059-900 João Pessoa, Brazil.
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14
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Tachet J, Versace F, Mercier T, Buclin T, Decosterd LA, Choong E, Girardin FR. Development and validation of a multiplex HPLC-MS/MS assay for the monitoring of JAK inhibitors in patient plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1230:123917. [PMID: 37956468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are oral small molecules used in the treatment of a broad spectrum of autoimmune and myeloproliferative diseases. JAKi exhibit significant intra- and inter-individual pharmacokinetic variabilities, due to fluctuations in compliance with oral treatments and their metabolism essentially driven by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Intrinsically, JAKi have dose-response relationship and narrow therapeutic index: therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is expected to optimize and adapt their dosage regimen in order to resolve problems of efficacy and tolerance linked to dose and safety. A sensitive analytical method using multiplex high-performance liquid-chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification in plasma of the 6 major currently used JAKi, namely abrocitinib, baricitinib, fedratinib, ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, and upadacitinib. Plasma samples are subjected to protein precipitation with MeOH, using stable isotopically labelled internal standards. The separation of JAKi in supernatants diluted 1:1 with ultrapure H2O was performed using a C18 column Xselect HSS T3 2.5 µm, 2.1x150 mm using a mobile phase composed of formic acid (FA) 0.2% and acetonitrile (+FA 0.1%) in gradient mode. The analytical run time for the multiplex assay was 7 min. JAKi drugs were monitored by electrospray ionization in the positive mode followed by triple-stage quadrupole MS/MS analysis. The method was validated according to SFSTP and ICH guidelines over the clinically relevant concentration ranges (0.5-200 ng/mL for abrocitinib, baricitinib and upadacitinib; 1-400 ng/mL for tofacitinib; 0.5-400 ng/mL for ruxolitinib, and 10-800 ng/mL for fedratinib). This multiplex HPLC-MS/MS assay achieved good performances in term of trueness (91.1-113.5%), repeatability (3.0-9.9%), and intermediate precision (4.5-11.3%). We developed and validated a highly sensitive method for the multiplex quantification of the JAKi abrocitinib, baricitinib, fedratinib, ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, and upadacitinib in human plasma. The method will be applied for prospective clinical pharmacokinetic studies to determine whether TDM programs for JAKi based on residual drug concentrations can be recommended using disease-specific therapeutic ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Tachet
- Service and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Versace
- Service and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Mercier
- Service and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Buclin
- Service and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent A Decosterd
- Service and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eva Choong
- Service and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François R Girardin
- Service and Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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15
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Mousavinasab F, Karimi R, Taheri S, Ahmadvand F, Sanaaee S, Najafi S, Halvaii MS, Haghgoo A, Zamany M, Majidpoor J, Khosravifar M, Baniasadi M, Talebi M, Movafagh A, Aghaei-Zarch SM, Khorram N, Farnia P, Kalhor K. Microbiome modulation in inflammatory diseases: Progress to microbiome genetic engineering. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:271. [PMID: 37951913 PMCID: PMC10640760 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in sequencing technology and analytical approaches have allowed researchers to show that the healthy gut microbiome is very varied and capable of performing a wide range of tasks. The importance of gut microbiota in controlling immunological, neurological, and endocrine function is becoming well-recognized. Thereby, numerous inflammatory diseases, including those that impact the gastrointestinal system, as well as less obvious ones, including Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cancer, gestational diabetes (GD), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), have been linked to dysbiotic gut microbiota. Microbiome engineering is a rapidly evolving frontier for solutions to improve human health. Microbiome engineering seeks to improve the function of an ecosystem by manipulating the composition of microbes. Thereby, generating potential therapies against metabolic, inflammatory, and immunological diseases will be possible through microbiome engineering. This essay first provides an overview of the traditional technological instruments that might be used for microbiome engineering, such as Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT), prebiotics, and probiotics. Moreover, we will also discuss experimental genetic methods such as Metagenomic Alteration of Gut microbiome by In situ Conjugation (MAGIC), Bacteriophage, and Conjugative plasmids in manipulating intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronika Karimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Taheri
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saameh Sanaaee
- Department of New Science, Faculty of Cellular and Molecular biology, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Haghgoo
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Zamany
- Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit, Iran University of medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mina Khosravifar
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mohammad Baniasadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Talebi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Movafagh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohsen Aghaei-Zarch
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nastaran Khorram
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Poopak Farnia
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kambiz Kalhor
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
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16
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Wagner AH, Klersy A, Sultan CS, Hecker M. Potential role of soluble CD40 receptor in chronic inflammatory diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115858. [PMID: 37863325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The CD40 receptor and its ligand CD154 are widely expressed in various immune-competent cells. Interaction of CD154 with CD40 is essential for B-cell growth, differentiation, and immunoglobulin class switching. Many other immune-competent cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity communicate through this co-stimulatory ligand-receptor dyad. CD40-CD154 interaction is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. While CD40 and CD154 are membrane-bound proteins, their soluble counterparts are generated by proteolytic cleavage or alternative splicing. This review summarises current knowledge about the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human CD40 gene and compensatory changes in the plasma level of the soluble CD40 receptor (sCD40) isoform in related pro-inflammatory diseases. It discusses regulation patterns of the disintegrin metalloprotease ADAM17 function leading to ectodomain shedding of transmembrane proteins, such as pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules or CD40. The role of sCD40 as a potential biomarker for chronic inflammatory diseases will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Wagner
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - A Klersy
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C S Sultan
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Hecker
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Jachiet V, Hadjadj J, Zhao LP, Chasset F, Fain O, Fenaux P, Mekinian A. [Dysimmune manifestations associated with myelodysplastic neoplasms and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemias]. Bull Cancer 2023; 110:1147-1155. [PMID: 37414632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2023.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases (SIAD) are observed in up to a quarter of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), with a broad clinical spectrum including asymptomatic biological abnormalities, isolated inflammatory clinical manifestations (recurrent fever, arthralgia, neutrophilic dermatoses…) or identified systemic diseases (giant cell arteritis, recurrent polychondritis…). Recent advances in molecular biology have shed new light on the pathophysiological mechanisms that link inflammatory manifestations and myeloid hemopathies, particularly in VEXAS syndrome following the identification of somatic mutations in the UBA1 gene, or in neutrophilic dermatoses with the concept of myelodysplasia cutis. Although the presence of SIAD does not seem to affect overall survival or the risk of transformation into acute myeloid leukemia, their treatment remains a challenge given the frequent high level of corticosteroid dependence as well as the poor efficacy and tolerance (cytopenias, infections) of conventional immunosuppressive agents. Recent prospective data supports the interest of a therapeutic strategy using demethylating agents and notably azacitidine to target the pathological clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Jachiet
- Sorbonne université, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, centre hospitalo-universitaire Saint-Antoine, service de médecine interne et Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DMU i3), Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Hadjadj
- Sorbonne université, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, centre hospitalo-universitaire Saint-Antoine, service de médecine interne et Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DMU i3), Paris, France
| | - Lin-Pierre Zhao
- Université de Paris Cité, AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Louis, service d'hématologie, 75010 Paris, France
| | - François Chasset
- Sorbonne université, faculté de médecine, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, centre hospitalo-universitaire Tenon, service de dermatologie, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Fain
- Sorbonne université, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, centre hospitalo-universitaire Saint-Antoine, service de médecine interne et Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DMU i3), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Fenaux
- Université de Paris Cité, AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Louis, service d'hématologie, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Arsène Mekinian
- Sorbonne université, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, centre hospitalo-universitaire Saint-Antoine, service de médecine interne et Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DMU i3), Paris, France.
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18
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Abstract
Pediatric rheumatological diseases present with diverse manifestations affecting various tissues and organs. Though most childhood illnesses with immune dysregulation affect multiple organs or systems simultaneously or gradually, few inflammatory conditions affect certain organs as distinguished primary targets. Pediatric inflammatory diseases of the eye, bowel, and bone represent significant disorders with heterogeneous entities with varying pathophysiological basis like chronic inflammation, vasculitis, autoimmunity, and autoinflammation. Associations or complications of these diseases may remain obscure if their extensions are not explored specifically. Pediatric uveitis, non-uveitic inflammatory diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, and autoinflammatory bone diseases are the important constituents of this cluster. The author concisely discusses these disorders in this review from pediatric rheumatological perspective. If untreated, these diseases may be organ-threatening. Outcomes are vastly different in undiagnosed patients and in timely diagnosed and treated patients. Lack of awareness and missed exploration of associated illnesses and complications may result in a missed diagnosis or inadequate symptomatic treatment. A multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment is desirable in these heterogeneous entities. Pediatricians must be aware of the immunological origin of organ-centered symptoms and signs. A proper understanding of molecular details of etiopathogenesis and significant advances in therapy have reduced the morbidity, disability, and mortality of such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmagat Bhattarai
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Pediatric Rheumatology, Advanced Centre for Immunology & Rheumatology, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal.
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19
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Huang L, Tao Y, Wu X, Wu J, Shen M, Zheng Z. The role of NLRP12 in inflammatory diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 956:175995. [PMID: 37572944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor 12 (NLRP12), a highly conserved protein containing an N-terminal pyrin domain (PYD), a nucleotide-binding domain and a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat region, belongs to the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor-containing PYD (NLRP) family and is a cytoplasmic sensor that plays a negative role in inflammation. NLRP12 is involved in multiple disease processes, including formation of inflammasomes and regulation of both canonical and noncanonical inflammatory signaling pathways. NLRP12 and pathogenic infections are closely linked, and alterations in NLRP12 expression and activity are associated with inflammatory diseases. In this review, we begin with a summary of the mechanisms of negative regulation by NLRP12. We then underscore the important roles of NLRP12 in the onset and progression of inflammation, infectious disease, host defense, carcinogenesis and COVID-19. Finally, we highlight factors that influence NLRP12 activity, including synthetic and naturally derived agonists, and are regarded as potential therapeutic agents to overcome inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Huang
- Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youli Tao
- Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiping Wu
- Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianzhang Wu
- The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Mengya Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital in Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Rahimi-Tesiye M, Zaersabet M, Salehiyeh S, Jafari SZ. The role of TRIM25 in the occurrence and development of cancers and inflammatory diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188954. [PMID: 37437700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins are a group of proteins involved in different signaling pathways. The changes in the expression regulation, function, and signaling of this protein family are associated with the occurrence and progression of a wide range of disorders. Given the importance of these proteins in pathogenesis, they can be considered as potential therapeutic targets for many diseases. TRIM25, as an E3-ubiquitin ligase, is involved in the development of various diseases and cellular mechanisms, including antiviral innate immunity and cell proliferation. The clinical studies conducted on restricting the function of this protein have reached promising results that can be further evaluated in the future. Here, we review the regulation of TRIM25 and its function in different diseases and signaling pathways, especially the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) signaling which prompts many kinds of cancers and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahimi-Tesiye
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Zaersabet
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Sajad Salehiyeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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21
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Zhao M, Chu J, Feng S, Guo C, Xue B, He K, Li L. Immunological mechanisms of inflammatory diseases caused by gut microbiota dysbiosis: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114985. [PMID: 37311282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is indispensable for maintaining host health by enhancing the host's digestive capacity, safeguarding the intestinal epithelial barrier, and preventing pathogen invasion. Additionally, the gut microbiota exhibits a bidirectional interaction with the host immune system and promotes the immune system of the host to mature. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, primarily caused by factors such as host genetic susceptibility, age, BMI, diet, and drug abuse, is a significant contributor to inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying inflammatory diseases resulting from gut microbiota dysbiosis lack systematic categorization. In this study, we summarize the normal physiological functions of symbiotic microbiota in a healthy state and demonstrate that when dysbiosis occurs due to various external factors, the normal physiological functions of the gut microbiota are lost, leading to pathological damage to the intestinal lining, metabolic disorders, and intestinal barrier damage. This, in turn, triggers immune system disorders and eventually causes inflammatory diseases in various systems. These discoveries provide fresh perspectives on how to diagnose and treat inflammatory diseases. However, the unrecognized variables that might affect the link between inflammatory illnesses and gut microbiota, need further studies and extensive basic and clinical research will still be required to investigate this relationship in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min'an Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Jiayi Chu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Shiyao Feng
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Chuanhao Guo
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Baigong Xue
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Kan He
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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22
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Wang Y, Zhao L, Xie L, Pang M, Zhang Y, Ran H, Huang J, Wang J, Tao Y, Lyu S. Construction of a robust turn-on fluorescence NIR sensor for rapid detection and imaging of ONOO - in inflammatory models. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 295:122624. [PMID: 36933443 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite (OONO-) is closely related to the occurrence and development of health and inflammatory diseases. The physiological and pathological results of OONO- are related to the local concentration of ONOO-. Therefore, to develop of a simple, rapid and reliable OONO- detection tool is badly needed. In this work, we developed a small-molecule near-infrared (NIR) turn-on fluorescence sensor (NN1), harnessing a well-known response group phenylboronic acid response toward OONO-. It shows high detection sensitivity and yields a ratio (I658/I0) fluorescence enhancement (∼280-fold). In addition, NN1 can be effectively used to detect endogenous and exogenous ONOO- in living inflammatory cells. Notably, NN1 can be applied to OONO- imaging analysis in drug-induced inflammatory mice model with satisfactory results. Therefore, NN1 is a robust molecular biological tool, which has a good prospect in the study of ONOO- and the occurrence and development of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, Department of Planning and Finance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Lulu Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, International Medical College, and Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Liyun Xie
- College of Pharmacy, International Medical College, and Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Meiling Pang
- College of Pharmacy, International Medical College, and Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yazhen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, International Medical College, and Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Hongyan Ran
- College of Pharmacy, International Medical College, and Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jianji Huang
- College of Pharmacy, International Medical College, and Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Junyi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, International Medical College, and Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yi Tao
- College of Pharmacy, International Medical College, and Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Shunqiao Lyu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, Department of Planning and Finance, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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Bai YR, Yang WG, Hou XH, Shen DD, Zhang SN, Li Y, Qiao YY, Wang SQ, Yuan S, Liu HM. The recent advance of Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of inflammation and related diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115606. [PMID: 37402343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4) is a member of serine-threonine kinase family, which plays an important role in the regulation of interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1R) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) related signaling pathways. At present, the IRAK-4 mediated inflammation and related signaling pathways contribute to inflammation, which are also responsible for other autoimmune diseases and drug resistance in cancers. Therefore, targeting IRAK-4 to develop single-target, multi-target inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) degraders is an important direction for the treatment of inflammation and related diseases. Moreover, insight into the mechanism of action and structural optimization of the reported IRAK-4 inhibitors will provide the new direction to enrich the clinical therapies for inflammation and related diseases. In this comprehensive review, we introduced the recent advance of IRAK-4 inhibitors and degraders with regards to structural optimization, mechanism of action and clinical application that would be helpful for the development of more potent chemical entities against IRAK-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Bai
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wei-Guang Yang
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Xue-Hui Hou
- Faculty of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment Zhengzhou China, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Zhang
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yan Li
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yan-Yan Qiao
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Sai-Qi Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan Engineering Research Center of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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24
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Lai Y, Wang X, Sun X, Wu S, Chen X, Yang C, Zhang W, Yu X, Tong Y, Ma F, Zheng H, Zhang X, He S. Discovery of a novel RIPK2 inhibitor for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115647. [PMID: 37315817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 and 2 (NOD 1/2) are important cytosolic pattern recognition receptors that initiate host immune response. The dysregulation of NOD signaling is highly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that needs novel treatment options. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) is a critical mediator of NOD signaling and considered a promising therapeutic target for IBD treatment. However, there are currently no RIPK2 inhibitors available for clinical use. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of Zharp2-1 as a novel and potent RIPK2 inhibitor that effectively blocks RIPK2 kinase function and NOD-mediated NF-κB/MAPK activation in both human and mouse cell lines. Zharp2-1 exhibits significantly superior solubility compared to the non-prodrug form of the advanced RIPK2 inhibitor prodrug GSK2983559. The improved solubility combined with favorable in vitro metabolic stability translated to excellent in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles for Zharp2-1. In addition, Zharp2-1 demonstrates better effects than GSK2983559 in inhibiting the muramyl dipeptide (MDP)-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and MDP-induced peritonitis in mice. Furthermore, Zharp2-1 markedly reduces Listeria monocytogenes infection-induced cytokines release in both human and mouse cells. Importantly, Zharp2-1 significantly ameliorates DNBS-induced colitis in rats and suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine release in intestinal specimens from IBD patients. Collectively, our findings indicate that Zharp2-1 is a promising RIPK2 inhibitor with the potential to be further developed for IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Lai
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xue Sun
- The First Affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuwei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xin Chen
- The First Affiliated hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengkui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yushan Tong
- Xi'an jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Heng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Sudan He
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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25
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Rafiyan M, Sadeghmousavi S, Akbarzadeh M, Rezaei N. Experimental animal models of chronic inflammation. Curr Res Immunol 2023; 4:100063. [PMID: 37334102 PMCID: PMC10276141 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2023.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a general term for a wide variety of both physiological and pathophysiological processes in the body which primarily prevents the body from diseases and helps to remove dead tissues. It has a crucial part in the body immune system. Tissue damage can recruit inflammatory cells and cytokines and induce inflammation. Inflammation can be classified as acute, sub-acute, and chronic. If it remained unresolved and lasted for prolonged periods, it would be considered as chronic inflammation (CI), which consequently exacerbates tissue damage in different organs. CI is the main pathophysiological cause of many disorders such as obesity, diabetes, arthritis, myocardial infarction, and cancer. Thus, it is critical to investigate different mechanisms involved in CI to understand its processes and to find proper anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches for it. Animal models are one of the most useful tools for study about different diseases and mechanisms in the body, and are important in pharmacological studies to find proper treatments. In this study, we discussed the various experimental animal models that have been used to recreate CI which can help us to enhance the understanding of CI mechanisms in human and contribute to the development of potent new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Rafiyan
- Animal Model Integrated Network (AMIN), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Sadeghmousavi
- Animal Model Integrated Network (AMIN), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Akbarzadeh
- Animal Model Integrated Network (AMIN), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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26
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Salehi Z, Motlagh Ghoochani BFN, Hasani Nourian Y, Jamalkandi SA, Ghanei M. The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2023; 19:49. [PMID: 37264452 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-023-00797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke in many diseases, notably COVID-19 infection, are being debated more frequently. The current basic data for COVID-19 is increasing and indicating the higher risk of COVID-19 infections in smokers due to the overexpression of corresponding host receptors to viral entry. However, current multi-national epidemiological reports indicate a lower incidence of COVID-19 disease in smokers. Current data indicates that smokers are more susceptible to some diseases and more protective of some other. Interestingly, nicotine is also reported to play a dual role, being both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory. In the present study, we tried to investigate the effect of pure nicotine on various cells involved in COVID-19 infection. We followed an organ-based systematic approach to decipher the effect of nicotine in damaged organs corresponding to COVID-19 pathogenesis (12 related diseases). Considering that the effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke are different from each other, it is necessary to be careful in generalizing the effects of nicotine and cigarette to each other in the conducted researches. The generalization and the undifferentiation of nicotine from smoke is a significant bias. Moreover, different doses of nicotine stimulate different effects (dose-dependent response). In addition to further assessing the role of nicotine in COVID-19 infection and any other cases, a clever assessment of underlying diseases should also be considered to achieve a guideline for health providers and a personalized approach to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yazdan Hasani Nourian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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27
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Liu L, Feng L, Gao J, Hu J, Li A, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Qiu B, Shen Z. Parthenolide targets NLRP3 to treat inflammasome-related diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110229. [PMID: 37167640 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural products have attracted extensive attention from researchers in medical fields due to their abundant biological activities. Parthenolide (PTL) is a sesquiterpene lactone originally purified from herb Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), recent studies have showed its potential activities of anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory. Acting as the most studied inflammasome, NLRP3 inflammasome played an important role in human diseases including type-2 diabetes (T2D), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS). In this article, we show that PTL specially inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammation by block the upstream signal and prevent the assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome complex. Furthermore, we showed the treatment of PTL significantly attenuates the symptoms of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice models. Thus, our results demonstrate that PTL alleviates inflammation by targeting NLRP3 inflammasome, which indicate that PTL acting as a promising natural product for the treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Linxiang Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Jiahui Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Yangyang Zhu
- School of Medicine & Institute for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changlong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zuojun Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
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28
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von Ehr J, Korn SM, Weiß L, Schlundt A. 1H, 13C, 15N backbone chemical shift assignments of the extended ARID domain in human AT-rich interactive domain protein 5a (Arid5a). Biomol NMR Assign 2023:10.1007/s12104-023-10130-w. [PMID: 37129704 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-023-10130-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The family of AT-rich interactive domain (ARID) containing proteins -Arids- contains 15 members that have almost exclusively been described as DNA-binding proteins. Interestingly, a decade ago the family member Arid5a was found to bind and stabilize mRNAs of immune system key players and thereby account for driving inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. How exactly binding to DNA and RNA is coordinated by the Arid5a ARID domain remains unknown, mainly due to the lack of atom-resolved information on nucleic acid-binding. This in particular applies to the protein's ARID domain, despite the comfortable size of its core unit for NMR-based investigations. Furthermore, the core domain of ARID domains is found to be extended by functionally relevant, often flexible stretches, but whether such elongations are present and crucial for the versatile Arid5a functions is unknown. We here provide a near-complete NMR backbone resonance assignment of the Arid5a ARID domain with N- and C-terminal extensions, which serves as a basis for further studies of its nucleic acid-binding preferences and targeted inhibition by means of NMR. Our data thus significantly contribute to unravelling mechanisms of Arid5a-mediated gene regulation and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian von Ehr
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences and Biomolecular Resonance Center (BMRZ) of Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7-9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- IMPRS on Cellular Biophysics, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7-9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sophie Marianne Korn
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences and Biomolecular Resonance Center (BMRZ) of Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7-9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lena Weiß
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences and Biomolecular Resonance Center (BMRZ) of Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7-9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlundt
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences and Biomolecular Resonance Center (BMRZ) of Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7-9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Lashgari NA, Roudsari NM, Shayan M, Niazi Shahraki F, Hosseini Y, Momtaz S, Abdolghaffari AH. IDO/Kynurenine; novel insight for treatment of inflammatory diseases. Cytokine 2023; 166:156206. [PMID: 37120946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress play pivotal roles in pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, neurological diseases, and inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Inflammatory mediators such as interleukins (ILs), interferons (INF-s), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α are related to an extended chance of inflammatory diseases initiation or progression due to the over expression of the nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB), signal transducer of activators of transcription (STAT), nod-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP), toll-like receptors (TLR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. These pathways are completely interconnected. Theindoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) subset of the kynurenine (KYN) (IDO/KYN), is a metabolic inflammatory pathway involved in production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ). It has been shown that IDO/KYN actively participates in inflammatory processes and can increase the secretion of cytokines that provoke inflammatory diseases. Data were extracted from clinical and animal studies published in English between 1990-April 2022, which were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane library. IDO/KYN is completely associated with inflammatory-related pathways, thus leading to the production of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and ultimately development and progression of various inflammatory disorders. Inhibition of the IDO/KYN pathway might be a novel therapeutic option for inflammatory diseases. Herein, we gathered data on probable interactions of the IDO/KYN pathway with induction of some inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser-Aldin Lashgari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Momeni Roudsari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shayan
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Niazi Shahraki
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasamin Hosseini
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Chakraborty P, Aravindhan V, Mukherjee S. Helminth-derived biomacromolecules as therapeutic agents for treating inflammatory and infectious diseases: What lessons do we get from recent findings? Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124649. [PMID: 37119907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the tremendous progress in healthcare sectors, a number of life-threatening infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases are continuously challenging mankind throughout the globe. In this context, recent successes in utilizing helminth parasite-derived bioactive macromolecules viz. glycoproteins, enzymes, polysaccharides, lipids/lipoproteins, nucleic acids/nucleotides, and small organic molecules for treating various disorders primarily resulted from inflammation. Among the several parasites that infect humans, helminths (cestodes, nematodes, and trematodes) are known as efficient immune manipulators owing to their explicit ability to modulate and modify the innate and adaptive immune responses of humans. These molecules selectively bind to immune receptors on innate and adaptive immune cells and trigger multiple signaling pathways to elicit anti-inflammatory cytokines, expansion of alternatively activated macrophages, T-helper 2, and immunoregulatory T regulatory cell types to induce an anti-inflammatory milieu. Reduction of pro-inflammatory responses and repair of tissue damage by these anti-inflammatory mediators have been exploited for treating a number of autoimmune, allergic, and metabolic diseases. Herein, the potential and promises of different helminths/helminth-derived products as therapeutic agents in ameliorating immunopathology of different human diseases and their mechanistic insights of function at cell and molecular level alongside the molecular signaling cross-talks have been reviewed by incorporating up-to-date findings achieved in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Chakraborty
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol 713340, India
| | | | - Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol 713340, India.
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Ou P, Ran H, Ye X, Wang J, Pang M, Zhao L, Chen M, Li X, Ma Y, Wang P, Chen J, Luo Q, Peng Y. A robust high selectivity fluorescence turn-on nanoprobe for peroxynitrite detection in inflammatory cells and mice. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 291:122381. [PMID: 36689907 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Changed levels of intracellular peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-) are closely related to the occurrence and development of inflammation. Specific imaging of ONOO- at sites of inflammation can be of great significance not only for inflammation diagnosis but also for obtaining a deeper understanding of the role of ONOO- in inflammation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for constructing some reliable tools to study the relationship between ONOO- and inflammation in biosystems. In this work, we developed a robust high selectivity fluorescence turn-on nanoprobe (Rhb-ONOO) for inflammation-targeted imaging of ONOO-. The Rhb-ONOO was obtained by self-assembly of amphiphilic Rhb-ONOO, which was constructed by the condensation reaction of the hydrophobic, ONOO--response and deep red-emitting fluorophore (Rhb) with hydrophilic biopolymer glycol chitosan (GC). Rhb-ONOO showed rapid response towards ONOO- during 60 s, high sensitivity with 19-fold enhancement of fluorescence intensity ratio (I628/I0), and excellent selectivity towards ONOO- over other analytes as well as a good linear relationship was observed between the I628/I0 and the ONOO- concentration range 0-1 μM, with an excellent limit of detection (LOD) of 33 nM. Impressively, it was successfully employed Rhb-ONOO for ONOO- imaging in living inflammatory cells and drug-induced inflammatory mice, illustrating nanoprobe Rhb-ONOO has excellent potential for further study ONOO--related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinghua Ou
- Department of Stomatology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Hongyan Ran
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Ye
- Baiyun Branch, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Meiling Pang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Lulu Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Meizi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou 423000, PR China
| | - Xiong Li
- School of Clinical Pharmacy and the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yongping Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Quan Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, PR China.
| | - Yongbo Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolism Research, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) - stimulator of interferon genes (STING) inflammatory pathway is a component of the innate immune system that recognizes cytosolic nucleic acids. The pathway has been implicated in several processes including aging, autoinflammatory conditions, cancer, and metabolic diseases. The cGAS-STING pathway represents a promising therapeutic target in a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases. inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Maekawa
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Margaret Elizabeth Fain
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Koichiro Wasano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
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Fernández-Torres J, Zamudio-Cuevas Y, Martínez-Nava GA, Martínez-Flores K, Ruíz-Dávila X, Sánchez-Sánchez R. Relationship between rs4349859 and rs116488202 polymorphisms close to MHC-I region and serum urate levels in patients with gout. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4367-4374. [PMID: 36943604 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gout is the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease and elevated levels of serum urate (SU) are the main cause for its development. Major histocompatibility complex class 1 (MHC-1) plays an important role in the development of multiple inflammatory diseases; however, there is little evidence of its involvement in gout. The present study focused on evaluating the association of the rs4349859 and rs116488202 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) close to the MHC-1 region in patients with gout. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and seventy-six individuals of Mexican origin were included, of which 81 were patients with primary gout and 95 were healthy controls. The rs4349859 and rs116488202 SNPs were genotyped using TaqMan probes by allelic discrimination by real-time PCR. Serum concentrations of biochemical parameters were measured with enzymatic methods. Descriptive statistics were applied and P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. It was observed that the rs4349859 and rs116488202 SNPs showed significant association with the risk of gout (OR = 146, 95%CI = 44.8-480.2, P < 0.01; OR = 2885, 95%CI = 265-31398, P < 0.01, respectively). Our results also showed significantly higher serum SU levels in gout patients with respect to controls (P < 0.01) in the carriers of the GA genotype compared with the GG genotype of the rs4349859 variant, and in the carriers of the CT genotype compared with the CC genotype of the rs116488202 variant. CONCLUSION The study revealed that rs4349859 and rs116488202 SNPs close to MHC-I region confers strong susceptibility to gout in Mexican population, and the heterozygous genotypes of both were associated with higher levels of SU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Torres
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico.
- Biology Department, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Yessica Zamudio-Cuevas
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Karina Martínez-Flores
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Mexico City, Mexico
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Sivapalan S, Dharmalingam S, Venkatesan V, Angappan M, Ashokkumar V. Phytochemical analysis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity of Calotropis gigantea and its therapeutic applications. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 303:115963. [PMID: 36442758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herbal remedies can be used to treat a variety of chronic inflammatory illnesses, like rheumatoid arthritis and leprosy. The plant Calotropis gigantea (C. gigantea) belongs to the family Apocynaceae. To treat numerous contagious diseases, C. gigantea is utilized alone or combine with certain medicinal herbs. Traditional Asian and African practitioners employed C. gigantea to treat a variety of inflammatory conditions like boils, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, leprosy and other disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The goal of this study is to examine the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of C. gigantea leaf extracts extracted using methanol, petroleum ether, and water. MATERIALS AND METHODS The leaf extracts of C. gigantea were obtained using the Soxhlet extraction technique. The phytoconstituents present in all three C. gigantea leaf extracts were confirmed by qualitative analysis, and the amounts of the alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenols found in the extracts were quantified. C. gigantea crude extracts were subjected to a nitric oxide scavenging experiment to assess their free radical scavenging activities. Protein denaturation and proteinase inhibition assays were used to investigate the effectiveness of extracts to restrict denaturation of protein and to inhibit key enzymes responsible for tissue damage. Further, the membrane stabilization efficacy of plant extracts were examined by the heat-induced hemolysis method. The DPPH and FRAP experiments were performed to determine the antioxidant effectiveness of phytoconstituents extracted using different solvents. The GC-MS study of plant C. gigantea methanolic, aqueous and petroleum ether extracts displayed a broad range of compounds that possess beneficial therapeutic effects. RESULTS This study reveals that the methanolic extract of C. gigantea provides significantly more anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity than other extracts. CONCLUSION Compared to the aqueous and petroleum ether extracts, the methanolic leaf extract of C. gigantea demonstrated greater in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreewardhini Sivapalan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sankari Dharmalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vijayalakshmi Venkatesan
- Cell and Molecular Biology, ICRM- National Institute of Nutrition, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Gov of India, India
| | - Mangalagowri Angappan
- Centralized Instrumentation Laboratory, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Science University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Biorefineries for Biofuels & Bioproducts Laboratory (BBBL), Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveeta Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India; Center of Excellence in Catalysis for Bioenergy and Renewable Chemicals (CBRC), Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Zhao J, Guo F, Hou L, Zhao Y, Sun P. Electron transfer-based antioxidant nanozymes: Emerging therapeutics for inflammatory diseases. J Control Release 2023; 355:273-291. [PMID: 36731800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are usually featured with relatively high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The excess ROS facilitate the polarization of microphages into proinflammatory M1 phenotype, and cause DNA damage, protein carbonylation, and lipid peroxidation, resulting in further deterioration of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, alleviating oxidative stress by ROS scavenging has been an effective strategy for reversing inflammation. Inspired by the natural antioxidant enzymes, electron transfer-based artificial antioxidant nanozymes have been emerging therapeutics for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The present review starts with the basic knowledge of ROS and diseases, followed by summarizing the possible active centers for the preparation of antioxidant nanozymes. The strategies for the design of antioxidant nanozymes on the purpose of higher catalytic activity are provided, and the applications of the developed antioxidant nanozymes on the therapy of inflammatory diseases are discussed. A perspective is included for the design and applications of artificial antioxidant nanozymes in biomedicine as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Fanfan Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Lin Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yongxing Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Pengchao Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Hu C, Yi H. Shiny transcriptional junk: lncRNA-derived peptides in cancers and immune responses. Life Sci 2023; 316:121434. [PMID: 36706831 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
By interacting with DNA, RNA, and proteins, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been linked to several pathological states. LncRNA-derived peptides, as a novel modality of action of lncRNAs, have recently become a research hotspot. An increasing body of evidence has demonstrated the important role of these peptides in carcinogenesis and cancer progression and immune response. This review first describes lncRNA-derived peptides, the regulators that control their translation, and the roles of these peptides in multiple biological processes and disease states including cancers. In the following section, we comprehensively analyzed the significant role lncRNA-derived peptide played in the immune response. This review provides fresh perspectives on the biological role of lncRNAs and their relationship with diseases, particularly with cancers and the immune response, providing a theoretical basis for these lncRNA-derived peptides as therapeutic and diagnostic targets in cancers and inflammatory diseases.
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Fu L, Liu Z, Liu Y. Fibrinogen-like protein 2 in inflammatory diseases: A future therapeutic target. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109799. [PMID: 36764282 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2), a member of the fibrinogen family, exists as a membrane-bound protein with immune-associated coagulation activity and a soluble form possessing immunosuppressive functions. The immunomodulatory role of FGL2 is evident in fibrin deposition-associated inflammatory diseases and cancer, suggesting that FGL2 expression could be exploited as a disease biomarker and a therapeutic target. Recently, in vitro studies and knockout and transgenic animal FGL2 models have been used by us and others to reveal the involvement of FGL2 in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the immunomodulatory role of FGL2 in inflammatory diseases and examines the role of FGL2 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Nasal Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Nasal Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Nasal Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan, China.
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Xu ZF, Gong YN, Dou BM, Fan ZZ, Zhang Y. [Current situation and prospect of researches on regularities and mechanisms of acupuncture-moxibustion in alleviating chronic inflammatory response]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2023; 48:111-7. [PMID: 36858405 DOI: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20221095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response plays an important role in the onset, development and prognosis of inflammatory diseases and a variety of chronic diseases. Long-term uncontrolled inflammatory response may lead to dysfunction or loss of organ tissue function. Clinical practice and evidence-based medicine suggest that acupuncture can effectively alleviate the inflammatory status of various inflammatory diseases and chronic diseases. Stimulation of acupoints related to internal organs and target organs can initiate neuromodulation by modulating the microenvironment of acupoints. After integration of acupuncture stimulus information in the central nervous system, neurotransmitters, hormones, etc. are released and ultimately act on immune cells through neuro-endocrine-immune pathways, such as the vagus-mediated cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, vagus nerve-adrenal medullary-dopamine pathway, somatic sympathetic nerve pathway, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, etc. Ultimately, the intracellular signaling pathways and polarization balance of monocytes/macrophages and T cell subsets are regulated and the immune homeo-stasis of target organs of the body realizes. Therefore, we proposed that the anti-inflammatory action of acupuncture may be one of the universal therapeutic strategies for multiple diseases, and a powerful interpretation of acupuncture in regulating the balance of yin and yang. The elucidation of its anti-inflammatory action rules and mechanism may better realize the clinical transformation of acupuncture and moxibustion precision treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fang Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yi-Nan Gong
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, ChinaSchool of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bao-Min Dou
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ze-Zhi Fan
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Park HB, Choi BC, Baek KH. PGK1 modulates balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by interacting with ITI-H4. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114437. [PMID: 36841032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (ITI-H4) is one of the acute phase proteins and is mainly related with inflammatory diseases such as bacterial bloodstream infection and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). In a previous study, ITI-H4 was reported to be cleaved by kallikrein B1 (KLKB1) and its cleaved form induces the imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, in this study, putative substrates of ITI-H4 were isolated by immunoprecipitation and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis. Of those, phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) was found to be a binding protein of ITI-H4. PGK1 increases the level of ITI-H4 expression and blocks the cleavage of ITI-H4 mediated by KLKB1. It also inhibits pro-inflammatory response by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Therefore, PGK1, a novel binding partner of ITI-H4, is expected to have cellular functions in the pathogenesis of ITI-H4-related inflammatory diseases.
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Saylam M, Aydın Köse F, Pabuccuoglu A, Barut Celepci D, Aygün M, Pabuccuoglu V. Design, synthesis, and biological activity studies on benzimidazole derivatives targeting myeloperoxidase. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115083. [PMID: 36634456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays a key role in human antimicrobial system by oxidizing vital molecules of microorganisms in phagolysosomes through produced hypochlorous acid (HOCl). However, MPO can be released outside the phagocyte and produces reactive intermediates leading to tissue damage. MPO, as a local mediator of tissue damage, has been associated with inflammatory diseases such as renal injury, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the enzyme currently draws attention as a potential therapeutic target. In this study, isomeric 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-thione derivatives having amide, hydrazide and hydroxamic acid groups either on nitrogen or on sulphur atom were designed and their inhibitory activity was determined on chlorination and peroxidation cycles of MPO. Among the compounds, 2-(2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-yl)acetohydrazide(C19) was found as the most active inhibitor on both cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Saylam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Fadime Aydın Köse
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aysun Pabuccuoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Barut Celepci
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul Univeristy, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Muhittin Aygün
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul Univeristy, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Varol Pabuccuoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Lashgari NA, Roudsari NM, Zadeh SST, Momtaz S, Abbasifard M, Reiner Ž, Abdolghaffari AH, Sahebkar A. Statins block mammalian target of rapamycin pathway: a possible novel therapeutic strategy for inflammatory, malignant and neurodegenerative diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:57-75. [PMID: 36574095 PMCID: PMC9792946 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01077-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in several diseases such as cancer, gastric, heart and nervous system diseases. Data suggest that the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in epithelial cells leads to inflammation. Statins, the inhibitors of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), seem to be able to inhibit the mTOR. Statins are considered to have favorable effects on inflammatory diseases by reducing the complications caused by inflammation and by regulating the inflammatory process and cytokines secretion. This critical review collected data on this topic from clinical, in vivo and in vitro studies published between 1998 and June 2022 in English from databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser-Aldin Lashgari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Momeni Roudsari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Abbasifard
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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42
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Mezzasoma L, Schmidt-Weber CB, Fallarino F. In Vitro Study of TLR4-NLRP3-Inflammasome Activation in Innate Immune Response. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2700:163-176. [PMID: 37603180 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3366-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pivotal players in mediating immune responses. TLR4 is the main receptor for LPS, a strong activator of immune cells. LPS/TLR4-dependent pathway, by inducing NF-κB activation, is responsible for the release of several mediators, including IL-1β, one of the most powerful cytokines deeply involved in inflammatory and immune responses. The same pathway is also involved in NLRP3-inflammasome activation, essential for IL-1β maturation. NLRP3 is a major component of innate immune responses, being a crucial player of host immune defense against virus, bacterial, or fungal infections. NLRP3-inflammasome and IL-1β hyperactivation have been associated to the pathogenesis of a wide range of disorders and represent therapeutic targets for the development of new treatments of inflammasome-driven inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.Here, we describe an in vitro protocol to induce LPS/TLR4-dependent NLRP3-inflammasome/IL-1β activation in immune cells, in order to provide a useful assay to study the efficacy of different anti-inflammatory/immune-modulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Mezzasoma
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- Center for Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich-Biedersteiner, Munich, Germany
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43
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Gupta S, Sarangi PP. Inflammation driven metabolic regulation and adaptation in macrophages. Clin Immunol 2023; 246:109216. [PMID: 36572212 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are a diverse population of phagocytic immune cells involved in the host defense mechanisms and regulation of homeostasis. Usually, macrophages maintain healthy functioning at the cellular level, but external perturbation in their balanced functions can lead to acute and chronic disease conditions. By sensing the cues from the tissue microenvironment, these phagocytes adopt a plethora of phenotypes, such as inflammatory or M1 to anti-inflammatory (immunosuppressive) or M2 subtypes, to fulfill their spectral range of functions. The existing evidence in the literature supports that in macrophages, regulation of metabolic switches and metabolic adaptations are associated with their functional behaviors under various physiological and pathological conditions. Since these macrophages play a crucial role in many disorders, therefore it is necessary to understand their heterogeneity and metabolic reprogramming. Consequently, these macrophages have also emerged as a promising target for diseases in which their role is crucial in driving the disease pathology and outcome (e.g., Cancers). In this review, we discuss the recent findings that link many metabolites with macrophage functions and highlight how this metabolic reprogramming can improve our understanding of cellular malfunction in the macrophages during inflammatory disorders. A systematic analysis of the interconnecting crosstalk between metabolic pathways with macrophages should inform the selection of immunomodulatory therapies for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pranita P Sarangi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
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Xiang C, Li H, Tang W. Targeting CSF-1R represents an effective strategy in modulating inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106566. [PMID: 36423789 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R), also known as FMS kinase, is a type I single transmembrane protein mainly expressed in myeloid cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, glial cells, and osteoclasts. The endogenous ligands, colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and Interleukin-34 (IL-34), activate CSF-1R and downstream signaling pathways including PI3K-AKT, JAK-STATs, and MAPKs, and modulate the proliferation, differentiation, migration, and activation of target immune cells. Over the past decades, the promising therapeutic potential of CSF-1R signaling inhibition has been widely studied for decreasing immune suppression and escape in tumors, owing to depletion and reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages. In addition, the excessive activation of CSF-1R in inflammatory diseases is consecutively uncovered in recent years, which may result in inflammation in bone, kidney, lung, liver and central nervous system. Agents against CSF-1R signaling have been increasingly investigated in preclinical or clinical studies for inflammatory diseases treatment. However, the pathological mechanism of CSF-1R in inflammation is indistinct and whether CSF-1R signaling can be identified as biomarkers remains controversial. With the background information aforementioned, this review focus on the dialectical roles of CSF-1R and its ligands in regulating innate immune cells and highlights various therapeutic implications of blocking CSF-1R signaling in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caigui Xiang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heng Li
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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45
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Chemtob S, Rosenstein Y, Auvynet C. Editorial: Use of small peptides in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1090014. [PMID: 36506563 PMCID: PMC9730869 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1090014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Chemtob
- Departments of Pediatrics and Ohptalmology/Pharmacology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yvonne Rosenstein
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Constance Auvynet
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico,*Correspondence: Constance Auvynet,
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46
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Alu A, Lei H, Han X, Wei Y, Wei X. BTK inhibitors in the treatment of hematological malignancies and inflammatory diseases: mechanisms and clinical studies. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:138. [PMID: 36183125 PMCID: PMC9526392 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an essential component of multiple signaling pathways that regulate B cell and myeloid cell proliferation, survival, and functions, making it a promising therapeutic target for various B cell malignancies and inflammatory diseases. Five small molecule inhibitors have shown remarkable efficacy and have been approved to treat different types of hematological cancers, including ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, zanubrutinib, tirabrutinib, and orelabrutinib. The first-in-class agent, ibrutinib, has created a new era of chemotherapy-free treatment of B cell malignancies. Ibrutinib is so popular and became the fourth top-selling cancer drug worldwide in 2021. To reduce the off-target effects and overcome the acquired resistance of ibrutinib, significant efforts have been made in developing highly selective second- and third-generation BTK inhibitors and various combination approaches. Over the past few years, BTK inhibitors have also been repurposed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Promising data have been obtained from preclinical and early-phase clinical studies. In this review, we summarized current progress in applying BTK inhibitors in the treatment of hematological malignancies and inflammatory disorders, highlighting available results from clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqu Alu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hong Lei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xuejiao Han
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Tanveer A, Akhtar B, Sharif A, Saleem U, Rasul A, Ahmad A, Jilani K. Pathogenic role of cytokines in COVID-19, its association with contributing co-morbidities and possible therapeutic regimens. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1503-1516. [PMID: 35948809 PMCID: PMC9365214 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Covid-19, a threatening pandemic, was originated from China in December 2019 and spread quickly to all over the world. The pathogenesis of coronavirus is linked with the disproportionate response of the immune system. This involves the systemic inflammatory reaction which is characterized by marked pro-inflammatory cytokine release commonly known as cytokine release storm (CRS). The pro inflammatory cytokines are involved in cascade of pulmonary inflammation, hyper coagulation and thrombosis which may be lethal for the individual. That’s why, it is very important to have understanding of pro inflammatory cytokines and their pathological role in SARS-CoV-2. The pathogenesis of Covid is not the same in every individual, it can vary due to the presence of pre-existing comorbidities like suffering from already an inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), an immune-compromised patients suffering from Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Tuberculosis (TB) are more vulnerable morbidity and complications following COVID-19. This review is particularly related to COVID-19 patients having comorbidity of other inflammatory diseases. We have discussed the brief pathogenesis of COVID-19 and cytokines release storm with reference to other co-morbidities including RA, IBD, COPD, DM and TB. The available therapeutic regimens for COVID-19 including cytokine inhibitors, anti-viral, anti-biotic, bronchodilators, JAK- inhibitors, immunomodulators and anti-fibrotic agents have also been discussed briefly. Moreover, newly emerging medicines in the clinical trials have also been discussed which are found to be effective in treating Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Tanveer
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Center of Advanced Studies in Agriculture and Food Security (CAS-AFS), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Jilani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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48
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Brown L, Yipp BG. Inflammatory platelet death drives sepsis. Nat Cardiovasc Res 2022; 1:689-690. [PMID: 35975232 PMCID: PMC9372963 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is common in severe sepsis and is associated with an increased risk of mortality. A new study shows that platelet pyroptosis initiated during infection promotes a feedforward loop of neutrophil-mediated inflammation that worsens outcomes during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Brown
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Bryan G. Yipp
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
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49
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Engulfment and cell motility protein 1 (ELMO1) is a key protein for innate immunity since it is required for the clearance of apoptotic cells and pathogenic bacteria as well as for the control of inflammatory responses. ELMO1, through binding with Dock180 and activation of the Rac1 signaling pathway, plays a significant role in cellular shaping and motility. Rac-mediated actin cytoskeletal rearrangement is essential for bacterial phagocytosis, but also plays a crucial role in processes such as cancer cell invasion and metastasis. While the role of ELMO1 in bacterial infection and inflammatory responses is well established, its implication in cancer is not widely explored yet. Molecular changes or epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation, which ultimately leads to alterations in gene expression and deregulation of cellular signaling, has been reported for ELMO1 in different cancer types. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we provide an updated and comprehensive summary of the roles of ELMO1 in infection, inflammatory diseases and cancer. We highlight the possible mechanisms regulated by ELMO1 that are relevant for cancer development and progression and provide insight into the possible use of ELMO1 as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Tocci
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Ibrahim M Sayed
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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50
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Le Menn G, Jabłońska A, Chen Z. The effects of post-translational modifications on Th17/Treg cell differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2022; 1869:119223. [PMID: 35120998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells and Th17 cells are subsets of CD4+ T cells which play an essential role in immune homeostasis and infection. Dysregulation of the Th17/Treg cell balance was shown to be implicated in the development and progression of several disorders such as autoimmune disease, inflammatory disease, and cancer. Multiple factors, including T cell receptor (TCR) signals, cytokines, metabolic and epigenetic regulators can influence the differentiation of Th17 and Treg cells and affect their balance. Accumulating evidence indicates that the activity of key molecules such as forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), the retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt), and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)s are modulated by the number of post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, methylation, nitrosylation, acetylation, glycosylation, lipidation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation. PTMs might affect the protein folding efficiency and protein conformational stability, and consequently determine protein structure, localization, and function. Here, we review the recent progress in our understanding of how PTMs modify the key molecules involved in the Th17/Treg cell differentiation, regulate the Th17/Treg balance, and initiate autoimmune diseases caused by dysregulation of the Th17/Treg balance. A better understanding of Th17/Treg regulation may help to develop novel potential therapeutics to treat immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Le Menn
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Agnieszka Jabłońska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Zhi Chen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, University of Gdańsk, Poland.
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