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Nair AV, Singh A, Devasurmutt Y, Rahman SA, Tatu US, Chakravortty D. Spermidine constitutes a key determinant of motility and attachment of Salmonella Typhimurium through a novel regulatory mechanism. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127605. [PMID: 38232495 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Spermidine is a poly-cationic molecule belonging to the family of polyamines and is ubiquitously present in all organisms. Salmonella synthesizes, and harbours specialized transporters to import spermidine. A group of polyamines have been shown to assist in Salmonella Typhimurium's virulence and regulation of Salmonella pathogenicity Inslad 1 (SPI-1) genes and stress resistance; however, the mechanism remains elusive. The virulence trait of Salmonella depends on its ability to employ multiple surface structures to attach and adhere to the surface of the target cells before invasion and colonization of the host niche. Our study discovers the mechanism by which spermidine assists in the early stages of Salmonella pathogenesis. For the first time, we report that Salmonella Typhimurium regulates spermidine transport and biosynthesis processes in a mutually inclusive manner. Using a mouse model, we show that spermidine is critical for invasion into the murine Peyer's patches, which further validated our in vitro cell line observation. We show that spermidine controls the mRNA expression of fimbrial (fimA) and non-fimbrial adhesins (siiE, pagN) in Salmonella and thereby assists in attachment to host cell surfaces. Spermidine also regulated the motility through the expression of flagellin genes by enhancing the translation of sigma-28, which features an unusual start codon and a poor Shine-Dalgarno sequence. Besides regulating the formation of the adhesive structures, spermidine tunes the expression of the two-component system BarA/SirA to regulate SPI-1 encoded genes. Thus, our study unravels a novel regulatory mechanism by which spermidine exerts critical functions during Salmonella Typhimurium pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Vijay Nair
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anmol Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Yashas Devasurmutt
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - S A Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Utpal Shashikant Tatu
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India; Adjunct Faculty, School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
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Su L, Guo B, Jiang L, Lin Y, Xu Q, Zheng D, Xiu Y. Intestinal epithelial cells of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) as an in vitro model for studying intestine immune function based on transcriptome analysis. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 148:109473. [PMID: 38458502 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an economically crucial marine species, but diseases like hemorrhagic septicemia caused by Edwardsiella tarda have resulted in significant economic losses. E. tarda infects various hosts, and its pathogenicity in fish is not fully understood. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and are representative of typical PAMP molecules that cause activation of the immune system. The PoIEC cell line is a newly established intestinal epithelial cell line from P. olivaceus. In order to investigate whether it can be used as an in vitro model for studying the pathogenesis of E. tarda and LPS stimulation, we conducted RNA-seq experiments for the PoIECs model of E. tarda infection and LPS stimulation. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was carried out in the PoIEC cell line after treatment with LPS and E. tarda. A total of 62.52G of high-quality data from transcriptome sequencing results were obtained in nine libraries, of which an average of 87.96% data could be aligned to the P. olivaceus genome. Data analysis showed that 283 and 414 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the LPS versus Control (LPS-vs-Con) and E. tarda versus Control groups (Et-vs-Con), respectively, of which 60 DEGs were shared in two comparation groups. The GO terms were predominantly enriched in the extracellular space, inflammatory response, and cytokine activity in the LPS-vs-Con group, whereas GO terms were predominantly enriched in nucleus and positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II in the Et-vs-Con group. KEGG analysis revealed that three immune-related pathways were co-enriched in both comparison groups, including the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway, and Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Five genes were randomly screened to confirm the validity and accuracy of the transcriptome data. These results suggest that PoIEC cell line can be an ideal in vitro model for studies of marine fish gut immunity and pathogenesis of Edwardsiellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Su
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Baoshan Guo
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lirong Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yiping Lin
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qingyue Xu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dong Zheng
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yunji Xiu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Zhao J, Guo M, Yan Y, Wang Y, Zhao X, Yang J, Chen J, Chen C, Tang L, Zeng W, Liu Y, Qin M, Zhou Y, Xu L. The miR-7/EGFR axis controls the epithelial cell immunomodulation and regeneration and orchestrates the pathology in inflammatory bowel disease. J Adv Res 2024; 57:119-134. [PMID: 37094666 PMCID: PMC10918346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The epithelial immunomodulation and regeneration are intrinsic critical events against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). MiR-7 is well documented as a promising regulator in the development of various diseases including inflammatory diseases. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the effect of miR-7 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in IBD. METHODS MiR-7def mice were given dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce enteritis model. The infiltration of inflammatory cells was measured by FCM and immunofluorescence assay. 5'deletion assay and EMSA assays were performed to study the regulatory mechanism of miR-7 expression in IECs. The inflammatory signals and the targets of miR-7 were analyzed by RNA-seq and FISH assay. IECs were isolated from miR-7def, miR-7oe and WT mice to identify the immunomodulation and regeneration capacity. IEC-specific miR-7 silencing expression vector was designed and administered by the tail vein into murine DSS-induced enteritis model to evaluate the pathological lesions of IBD. RESULTS We found miR-7 deficiency improved the pathological lesions of DSS-induced murine enteritis model, accompanied by elevated proliferation and enhanced transduction of NF-κB/AKT/ERK signals in colonic IECs, as well as decreased local infiltration of inflammatory cells. MiR-7 was dominantly upregulated in colonic IECs in colitis. Moreover, the transcription of pre-miR-7a-1, orchestrated by transcription factor C/EBPα, was a main resource of mature miR-7 in IECs. As for the mechanism, EGFR, a miR-7 target gene, was downregulated in colonic IECs in colitis model and Crohn's disease patients. Furthermore, miR-7 also controlled the proliferation and inflammatory-cytokine secretion of IECs in response to inflammatory-signals through EGFR/NF-κB/AKT/ERK pathway. Finally, IEC-specific miR-7 silencing promoted the proliferation and transduction of NF-κB pathway in IECs and alleviated the pathological damage of colitis. CONCLUSION Our results present the unknown role of miR-7/EGFR axis in IEC immunomodulation and regeneration in IBD and might provide clues for the application of miRNA-based therapeutic strategies in colonic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhao
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Wenhuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yiting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou, Zunyi 563000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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Park SW, Choi YH, Gho JY, Kang GA, Kang SS. Synergistic Inhibitory Effect of Lactobacillus Cell Lysates and Butyrate on Poly I:C-Induced IL-8 Production in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:1-12. [PMID: 36720771 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Postbiotics include cell lysates (CLs), enzymes, cell wall fragments, and heat-killed bacteria derived from probiotics. Although postbiotics are increasingly being considered for their potential health-promoting properties, the effects of postbiotics on virus-mediated inflammatory responses in the intestine have not been elucidated. Hence, the present study aimed to examine whether CLs of Lactipantibacillus plantarum (LP CL) and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LR CL) could inhibit virus-mediated inflammatory responses in the human intestinal epithelial cell line HT-29 in vitro. Pretreatment with LP CL and LR CL significantly inhibited interleukin (IL)-8 production, which was induced by poly I:C, a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses, at the mRNA and protein levels in HT-29 cells. However, peptidoglycans and heat-killed L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus GG did not effectively inhibit IL-8 production. LP CL and LR CL attenuated the poly I:C-induced phosphorylation of ERK and JNK and the activation of NF-κB, suggesting that these CLs could inhibit poly I:C-induced IL-8 production by regulating intracellular signaling pathways in HT-29 cells. Furthermore, among the short-chain fatty acids, butyrate enhanced the inhibitory effect of CLs on poly I:C-induced IL-8 production at the mRNA and protein levels in HT-29 cells, while acetate and propionate did not. Taken together, these results suggest that both LP CL and LR CL could act as potent effector molecules that can inhibit virus-mediated inflammatory responses and confer synergistic inhibitory effects with butyrate in human intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Woo Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyeon Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Gho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Gweon Ah Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Seong Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Lin Z, Chen Q, Ruan HB. To die or not to die: Gasdermins in intestinal health and disease. Semin Immunol 2024; 71:101865. [PMID: 38232665 PMCID: PMC10872225 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2024.101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis is achieved by the balance among intestinal epithelium, immune cells, and gut microbiota. Gasdermins (GSDMs), a family of membrane pore forming proteins, can trigger rapid inflammatory cell death in the gut, mainly pyroptosis and NETosis. Importantly, there is increasing literature on the non-cell lytic roles of GSDMs in intestinal homeostasis and disease. While GSDMA is low and PJVK is not expressed in the gut, high GSDMB and GSDMC expression is found almost restrictively in intestinal epithelial cells. Conversely, GSDMD and GSDME show more ubiquitous expression among various cell types in the gut. The N-terminal region of GSDMs can be liberated for pore formation by an array of proteases in response to pathogen- and danger-associated signals, but it is not fully understood what cell type-specific mechanisms activate intestinal GSDMs. The host relies on GSDMs for pathogen defense, tissue tolerance, and cancerous cell death; however, pro-inflammatory milieu caused by pyroptosis and excessive cytokine release may favor the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. Therefore, a thorough understanding of spatiotemporal mechanisms that control gasdermin expression, activation, and function is essential for the development of future therapeutics for intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qianyue Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Bin Ruan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Imakura Y, Mima S, Yamazaki N, Inomata A, Mochizuki S, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Utility of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells for pharmacokinetic, toxicological, and immunological studies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 692:149356. [PMID: 38071890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The small intestine, which plays a crucial role in the absorption and metabolism of drugs and foods, serves as a target organ for drug-induced toxicity and immune interactions with functional foods and intestinal bacteria. Current alternative models of the human small intestine, such as Caco-2 cells and experimental animals, have limitations due to variations in the expression levels of metabolic enzymes, transporters, and receptors. This study presents investigations into the utility of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells (hiSIECs) for pharmacokinetic, toxicological, and immunological studies, respectively. While hiSIECs displayed small intestinal epithelial cell characteristics and barrier function, they demonstrated pharmacokinetic properties such as cytochrome P450 3A4/5 activity equivalent to human primary enterocytes and stable P-glycoprotein activity. These cells also demonstrated potential for assessing two forms of intestinal toxicity caused by anticancer drugs and gamma-secretase inhibitors, displaying immune responses mediated by toll-like and fatty acid receptors while serving as an inflammatory gut model through the addition of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma. Overall, hiSIECs hold promise as an in vitro model for assessing pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and effects on the intestinal immunity of pharmaceuticals, functional foods, supplements, and intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Imakura
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 258-8577, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shinji Mima
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 258-8577, Japan
| | - Nao Yamazaki
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 258-8577, Japan
| | - Akira Inomata
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 258-8577, Japan
| | - Seiichi Mochizuki
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 258-8577, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
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Xu M, Shi F, Gao Y, Han S, Huang C, Hou Q, Wen X, Wang B, Zhu Z, Zou L, Xiong M, Dong W, Tan J. Arabinose confers protection against intestinal injury by improving integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111188. [PMID: 37995573 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing amount of research that highlights the significant involvement of metabolic imbalance and the inflammatory response in the advancement of colitis. Arabinose is a naturally occurring bioactive monosaccharide that plays a crucial role in the metabolic processes and synthesis of many compounds in living organisms. However, the more detailed molecular mechanism by which the administration of arabinose alleviates the progression of colitis and its associated carcinogenesis is still not fully understood. In the present study, arabinose is recognized as a significant and inherent protector of the intestinal mucosal barrier through its role in preserving the integrity of tight junctions within the intestines. Also, it is important to note that there is a positive correlation between the severity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as chemically-induced colitis in mice, and lower levels of arabinose in the bloodstream. In two mouse models of colitis, caused by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) or by spontaneous colitis in IL-10-/- mice, damage to the intestinal mucosa was reduced by giving the mice arabinose. When arabinose is administrated to model with colitis, it sets off a chain of events that help keep the lysosomes together and stop cathepsin B from being released. During the progression of intestinal epithelial injury, this process blocks myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) from damaging tight junctions and causing mitochondrial dysfunction. In summary, the results of the study have provided evidence supporting the beneficial effects of arabinose in mitigating the progression of colitis. This is achieved through its ability to avoid dysregulation of the intestinal barrier. Consequently, arabinose may hold promise as a therapeutic supplementation for the management of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxuan Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, 400067 Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Fang Shi
- New Drug Technology R&D Center, Nanjing Biomed Sciences Inc., 210003 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yongshen Gao
- New Drug Technology R&D Center, Nanjing Biomed Sciences Inc., 210003 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shumei Han
- New Drug Technology R&D Center, Nanjing Biomed Sciences Inc., 210003 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chensuo Huang
- New Drug Technology R&D Center, Nanjing Biomed Sciences Inc., 210003 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Qinsheng Hou
- New Drug Technology R&D Center, Nanjing Biomed Sciences Inc., 210003 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaoweng Wen
- New Drug Technology R&D Center, Nanjing Biomed Sciences Inc., 210003 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Bengshi Wang
- New Drug Technology R&D Center, Nanjing Biomed Sciences Inc., 210003 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- New Drug Technology R&D Center, Nanjing Biomed Sciences Inc., 210003 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lei Zou
- New Drug Technology R&D Center, Nanjing Biomed Sciences Inc., 210003 Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Mingxin Xiong
- Technology R&D Center, Chongqing Tianwai TIAN Medical Instrument Co., Ltd., 400067 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250117, PR China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, 400067 Chongqing, PR China.
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Hao M, Zhong K, Bai X, Wu S, Li L, He Y, Wang Z, Sun X, Wang Q, Guo Y, Sun Y, Wu L. Upregulated Tβ4 expression in inflammatory bowel disease impairs the intestinal mucus barrier by inhibiting autophagy in mice. Exp Cell Res 2024; 434:113871. [PMID: 38049080 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted intestinal barrier homeostasis is fundamental to inflammatory bowel disease. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) improves inflammation and has beneficial effects in dry-eye diseases, but its effects on the intestinal mucus barrier remain unknown. Therefore, this study evaluated the underlying regulatory mechanisms and effects of Tβ4 by examining Tβ4 expression in a mouse model with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and colonic barrier damage. Additionally, we intraperitoneally injected C57BL/6 mice with Tβ4 to assess barrier function, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3II) protein expression, and autophagy. Finally, normal human colon tissue and colon carcinoma cells (Caco2) were cultured to verify Tβ4-induced barrier function and autophagy changes. Mucin2 levels decreased, microbial infiltration increased, and Tβ4 expression increased in the colitis mouse model versus the control mice, indicating mucus barrier damage. Moreover, Tβ4-treated C57BL/6 mice had damaged intestinal mucus barriers and decreased LC3II levels. Tβ4 also inhibited colonic mucin2 production, disrupted tight junctions, and downregulated autophagy; these results were confirmed in Caco2 cells and normal human colon tissue. In summary, Tβ4 may be implicated in colitis by compromising the integrity of the intestinal mucus barrier and inhibiting autophagy. Thus, Tβ4 could be a new diagnostic marker for intestinal barrier defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Hao
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Ke Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Xiaoqin Bai
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Shiyan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yumei He
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Xiaobin Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yuanbiao Guo
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yueshan Sun
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China.
| | - Liping Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610031, China.
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Ou J, Wang Z, Huang H, Chen J, Liu X, Jia X, Song B, Cheong KL, Gao Y, Zhong S. Intervention effects of sulfate glycosaminoglycan from swim bladder against arsenic-induced damage in IEC-6 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126460. [PMID: 37619679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a purified macromolecular sulfate glycosaminoglycan whose structural characterization is similar to chondroitin sulfate from the swim bladder of Aristichthys nobilis, named SBSG, was used to explore the intervention effects on arsenic-induced intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) damage. Arsenic exposure led to cell membrane rupture, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, and down-regulation of tight junction proteins expression. Treatment with SBSG could alleviate arsenic exposure-induced cell damage by decreasing the extracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity and influencing mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species level, malondialdehyde content, and anti-oxidative enzyme activity. On the other hand, SBSG could promote nitric oxide production to achieve potential immunoregulation. The Western blot showed that intervention of SBSG mainly could restrain the activation of the JNK signaling pathway and up-regulate the expression of ZO-1 against arsenic-induced cell damage. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the heavy metal detoxification of SBSG on the intestinal and indicates that SBSG could be used as natural antioxidant resistant to heavy metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Ou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Houpei Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xuejing Jia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Bingbing Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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10
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Zimmermann CS, Snow RF, Wilson-Mifsud B, LeRoy K, Boeckman C, Huang E, Mathesius CA, Roper JM, Hurley BP. Evaluation of an in vitro experimental platform of human polarized intestinal epithelial monolayers for the hazard assessment of insecticidal proteins. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114106. [PMID: 37852351 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous work demonstrated the utility of using human-derived intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) lines cultured as polarized monolayers on Transwell® filters to differentiate between hazardous and non-hazardous proteins. The current study seeks to further resolve appropriate concentrations for evaluating proteins of unknown hazard potential using the IEC experimental platform and leverages these parameters for evaluating the potential toxicity of insecticidal proteins characteristic of those expressed in genetically modified (GM) agricultural biotechnology crops. To establish optimal test protein concentrations, effects of several known hazardous (C. perfringens epsilon toxin, Listeriolysin O, Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin, E. coli Shiga toxin 1, C. difficile Toxin B and wheat germ agglutinin) and non-hazardous (Ara-h2, β-lactoglobulin, fibronectin and Rubisco) proteins on IEC barrier integrity and cell viability were evaluated at concentration ranges. Two insecticidal proteins (AfIP-1A and AfIP-1B) were evaluated for effects in the IEC assay, a seven-day insecticidal bioassay, and assessed in a high-dose 14-day acute oral toxicity study in mice. The results obtained from the human in vitro IEC assay were consistent with results obtained from an in vivo acute oral toxicity study, both demonstrating that the combination of AfIP-1A and AfIP-1B do not exhibit any identifiable harmful impacts on mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan F Snow
- Mucosal Immunology & Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittany Wilson-Mifsud
- Mucosal Immunology & Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bryan P Hurley
- Mucosal Immunology & Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Li J, Ji Y, Chen N, Dai L, Deng H. Colitis-associated carcinogenesis: crosstalk between tumors, immune cells and gut microbiota. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:194. [PMID: 37875976 PMCID: PMC10594787 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01139-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. One of the main causes of colorectal cancer is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), intestinal mesenchymal cells (IMCs), immune cells, and gut microbiota construct the main body of the colon and maintain colon homeostasis. In the development of colitis and colitis-associated carcinogenesis, the damage, disorder or excessive recruitment of different cells such as IECs, IMCs, immune cells and intestinal microbiota play different roles during these processes. This review aims to discuss the various roles of different cells and the crosstalk of these cells in transforming intestinal inflammation to cancer, which provides new therapeutic methods for chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and microbial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshu Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Dai
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hongxin Deng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Ke Yuan Road 4, No. 1 Gao Peng Street, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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12
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Wang Y, Lai H, Zhang T, Wu J, Tang H, Liang X, Ren D, Huang J, Li W. Mitochondria of intestinal epithelial cells in depression: Are they at a crossroads of gut-brain communication? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105403. [PMID: 37742989 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of gut dysbiosis in depression is well established. However, recent studies have shown that gut microbiota is regulated by intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) mitochondria, which has yet to receive much attention. This review summarizes the recent developments about the critical role of IEC mitochondria in actively maintaining gut microbiota, intestinal metabolism, and immune homeostasis. We propose that IEC mitochondrial dysfunction alters gut microbiota composition, participates in cell fate, mediates oxidative stress, activates the peripheral immune system, causes peripheral inflammation, and transmits peripheral signals through the vagus and enteric nervous systems. These pathological alterations lead to brain inflammation, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, activation of microglia and astrocytes, induction of neuronal loss, and ultimately depression. Furthermore, we highlight the prospect of treating depression through the mitochondria of IECs. These new findings suggest that the mitochondria of IECs may be a newly found important factor in the pathogenesis of depression and represent a potential new strategy for treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Han Lai
- School of Foreign Languages, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Huiling Tang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Xuanwei Liang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Dandan Ren
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China
| | - Jinzhu Huang
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Weihong Li
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
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13
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Pérez-Rodríguez L, Lozano-Ojalvo D, Menchén-Martínez D, Molina E, López-Fandiño R, Benedé S. Egg yolk lipids induce sensitization to egg white proteins in a mouse model without adjuvant and exacerbate Th2 responses to egg white in cells from allergic patients. Food Res Int 2023; 172:112669. [PMID: 37689838 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the influence of egg lipid fractions in the induction of allergic sensitization to egg white (EW) proteins, using a mouse model of orally adjuvant-free induced allergy. Egg triglycerides (TG) and phospholipids (PL), and to a higher extent the whole egg lipid fraction (EL), induced allergy to EW proteins characterized by increased EW-specific IgG1. EL also increased EW-specific IgE. The administration to mice of a mixture of EW and EL increased the intestinal expression of Il33, Il25, and Tslp, the secretion of IL-33 and IL-6, the expansion of group 2 innate lymphoid cells, the regulation of Gata3, Il4 and Il13, dendritic cell (DC) activation and expression of DC molecules that drive Th2 differentiation. TG promoted the absorption of proteins through the intestinal epithelium, enhancing local Th2 responses, while PL favoured the delivery of antigens to the Peyer's Patches. This differential modulation of the site of absorption of egg proteins determined the different behaviour of TG and PL. Egg yolk lipids also induced activation of Th2-inducing innate responses on intestinal human cells in vitro and enhanced adaptive Th2 functions through the activation of DCs in egg-allergic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Pérez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Menchén-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosina López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Benedé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Chen F, Wang Y, Chen Y, Fan J, Zhang C, He X, Yang X. JNK molecule is a toxic target for IPEC-J2 cell barrier damage induced by T-2 toxin. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 263:115247. [PMID: 37453270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent contaminated mycotoxin in feed and grain is T-2 toxin. The T-2 toxin's primary action target is the gut because it is the main organ of absorption. T-2 toxin can cause intestinal damage, but, few molecular mechanisms have been elucidated. It is important to discover the key pathways by which T-2 toxin causes enterotoxicity. In this research, IPEC-J2 cells are used as a cell model to investigate the function of the MAPK signaling pathway in T-2 toxin-induced intestinal epithelial cell damage. Throughout this research, T-2 toxin results in functional impairment in IPEC-J2 cells by reducing the TJ proteins Claudin, Occludin-1, ZO-1, N-cadherin, and CX-43 expression. T-2 toxin significantly reduced the survival of IPEC-J2 cells and increased LDH release in a dose-dependent way. T-2 toxin induced IPEC-J2 cell oxidative stress by raising ROS and MDA content, and mitochondrial damage was indicated by a decline in MMP and an increase in the opening degree of MPTP. T-2 toxin upregulated the expression of ERK, P38 and JNK, which triggered the MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, T-2 toxin caused IPEC-J2 cell inflammation responses reflected by increased the levels of inflammation-related factors IL-8, p65, P-p65 and IL-6, and down-regulated IL-10 expression level. Inhibition JNK molecule can ease IPEC-J2 cell functional impairment and inflammatory response. In conclusion, as a consequence of the T-2 toxin activating the JNK molecule, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage are induced, which impair cellular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002 Henan, China
| | - Youshuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002 Henan, China
| | - Yunhe Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002 Henan, China
| | - Jiayan Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002 Henan, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002 Henan, China
| | - Xiuyuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002 Henan, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002 Henan, China.
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15
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Heuberger CE, Janney A, Ilott N, Bertocchi A, Pott S, Gu Y, Pohin M, Friedrich M, Mann EH, Pearson C, Powrie FM, Pott J, Thornton E, Maloy KJ. MHC class II antigen presentation by intestinal epithelial cells fine-tunes bacteria-reactive CD4 T cell responses. Mucosal Immunol 2023:S1933-0219(23)00032-6. [PMID: 37209960 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) can express major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II), especially during intestinal inflammation, it remains unclear if antigen presentation by IECs favours pro- or anti-inflammatory CD4+ T cell responses. Using selective gene ablation of MHC II in IECs and IEC organoid cultures, we assessed the impact of MHC II expression by IECs on CD4+ T cell responses and disease outcomes in response to enteric bacterial pathogens. We found that intestinal bacterial infections elicit inflammatory cues that greatly increase expression of MHC II processing and presentation molecules in colonic IECs. Whilst IEC MHC II expression had little impact on disease severity following Citrobacter rodentium or Helicobacter hepaticus infection, using a colonic IEC organoid-CD4+ T cell co-culture system, we demonstrate that IECs can activate antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in an MHC II-dependent manner, modulating both regulatory and effector Th cell subsets. Furthermore, we assessed adoptively transferred H. hepaticus-specific CD4+ T cells during intestinal inflammation in vivo and report that IEC MHC II expression dampens pro-inflammatory effector Th cells. Our findings indicate that IECs can function as non-conventional antigen presenting cells and that IEC MHC II expression fine-tunes local effector CD4+ T cell responses during intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Heuberger
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A Janney
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - N Ilott
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A Bertocchi
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Pott
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, United States
| | - Y Gu
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Pohin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Friedrich
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - E H Mann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C Pearson
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - F M Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - J Pott
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - E Thornton
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; current address: MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - K J Maloy
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Great Britain.
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16
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Xu D, Ma Y, Peng C, Gan Y, Wang Y, Chen Z, Han X, Chen Y. Differently surface-labeled polystyrene nanoplastics at an environmentally relevant concentration induced Crohn's ileitis-like features via triggering intestinal epithelial cell necroptosis. Environ Int 2023; 176:107968. [PMID: 37201399 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs), regarded as the emerging contaminants, can enter and be mostly accumulated in the digest tract, which pose the potential threat to intestinal health. In this study, mice were orally exposed to polystyrene (PS), PS-COOH and PS-NH2 NPs with the size of ∼100 nm at a human equivalent dose for 28 consecutive days. All three kinds of PS-NPs triggered Crohn's ileitis-like features, such as ileum structure impairment, increased proinflammatory cytokines and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) necroptosis, and PS-COOH/PS-NH2 NPs exhibited higher adverse effects on ileum tissues. Furthermore, we found PS-NPs induced necroptosis rather than apoptosis via activating RIPK3/MLKL pathway in IECs. Mechanistically, we found that PS-NPs accumulated in the mitochondria and subsequently caused mitochondrial stress, which initiated PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. However, mitophagic flux was blocked due to lysosomal deacidification caused by PS-NPs, and thus led to IEC necroptosis. We further found that mitophagic flux recovery by rapamycin can alleviate NP-induced IEC necroptosis. Our findings revealed the underlying mechanisms concerning NP-triggered Crohn's ileitis-like features and might provide new insights for the further safety assessment of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dihui Xu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuhan Ma
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunyan Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road No. 321, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Yibin Gan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuheng Wang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zining Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Yabing Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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17
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Liu ZY, Yang HL, Ding XY, Li S, Cai GH, Ye JD, Zhang CX, Sun YZ. Commensal Bacillus siamensis LF4 ameliorates β-conglycinin induced inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells of Lateolabrax maculatus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 137:108797. [PMID: 37149232 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
β-conglycinin and glycinin, two major heat-stable anti-nutritional factors in soybean meal (SM), have been suggested as the key inducers of intestinal inflammation in aquatic animals. In the present study, a spotted seabass intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were used to compare the inflammation-inducing effects of β-conglycinin and glycinin. The results showed that IECs co-cultured with 1.0 mg/mL β-conglycinin for 12 h or 1.5 mg/mL glycinin for 24 h significantly decreased the cell viability (P < 0.05), and overstimulated inflammation and apoptosis response by significantly down-regulating anti-inflammatory genes (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1) expressions and significantly up-regulated pro-inflammatory genes (IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α) and apoptosis genes (caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9) expressions (P < 0.05). Subsequently, a β-conglycinin based inflammation IECs model was established and used for demonstrating whether commensal probiotic B. siamensis LF4 can ameliorate the adverse effects of β-conglycinin. The results showed β-conglycinin-induced cell viability damage was completely repaired by treated with 109 cells/mL heat-killed B. siamensis LF4 for ≥12 h. At the same time, IECs co-cultured with 109 cells/mL heat-killed B. siamensis LF4 for 24 h significantly ameliorated β-conglycinin-induced inflammation and apoptosis by up-regulating anti-inflammatory genes (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1) expressions and down-regulated pro-inflammatory genes (IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α) and apoptosis genes (caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9) expressions (P < 0.05). In summary, both β-conglycinin and glycinin can lead to inflammation and apoptosis in spotted seabass IECs, and β-conglycinin is more effective; commensal B. siamensis LF4 can efficiently ameliorate β-conglycinin induced inflammation and apoptosis in IECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hong-Ling Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xi-Yue Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Sha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Guo-He Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ji-Dan Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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18
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Liu ZY, Yang HL, Wei CY, Cai GH, Ye JD, Zhang CX, Sun YZ. Commensal Bacillus siamensis LF4 induces antimicrobial peptides expression via TLRs and NLRs signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cells of Lateolabrax maculatus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 134:108634. [PMID: 36828198 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play an important role in modulating intestinal microbiota, and our previous study showed that autochthonous Baccilus siamensis LF4 could shape the intestinal microbiota of spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus). In the present study, a spotted seabass intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) model was used to investigate whether autochthonous B. siamensis LF4 could modulate the expression of AMPs in IECs. And then, the IECs were treated with active, heat-inactivated LF4 and its supernatant to illustrate their AMPs inducing effects and the possible signal transduction mechanisms. The results showed that after 3 h of incubation with 108 CFU/mL B. siamensis LF4, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic propylic transaminase (GPT) activities in supernatant decreased significantly and obtained minimum values, while supernatant alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, β-defensin protein level and IECs Na+/K+-ATPase activity, AMPs (β-defensin, hepcidin-1, NK-lysin, piscidin-5) genes expression increased significantly and obtained maximum values (P < 0.05). Further study demonstrated that the active, heat-inactivated LF4 and its supernatant treatments could effectively decrease the LDH, GOT, and GPT activities in IECs supernatant, increase AKP activity and β-defensin (except LF4 supernatant treatment) protein level in IECs supernatant and Na+/K+-ATPase and AMPs genes expression in IECs. Treatment with active and heat-inactivated B. siamensis LF4 resulted in significantly up-regulated the expressions of TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR5, NOD1, NOD2, TIRAP, MyD88, IRAK1, IRAK4, TRAF6, TAB1, TAB2, ERK, JNK, p38, AP-1, IKKα, IKKβ and NF-κB genes. Treatment with B. siamensis LF4 supernatant also resulted in up-regulated these genes, but not the genes (ERK, JNK, p38, and AP-1) in MAPKs pathway. In summary, active, heat-inactivated and supernatant of B. siamensis LF4 can efficiently induce AMPs expression through activating the TLRs/NLRs-MyD88-dependent signaling, active and heat-inactivated LF4 activated both the downstream MAPKs and NF-κB pathways, while LF4 supernatant only activated NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hong-Ling Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Cheng-Ye Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Guo-He Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ji-Dan Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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19
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Maruyama M, Yoshikata M, Sakaguchi M, Wakushima S, Higaki K. Establishment of a novel in vitro co-culture system of enteric neurons and Caco-2 cells for evaluating the effect of enteric nervous system on transepithelial transport of drugs. Int J Pharm 2023; 633:122617. [PMID: 36657552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is innervated by extrinsic autonomic nerves and intrinsic enteric nervous system (ENS). However, the role of ENS in drug absorption has remained to be clarified. To investigate the effect of ENS on drug transport across the intestinal epithelial cells, we established a novel co-culture system of Caco-2 cells and enteric neurons differentiated from neural crest stem (NCS)-like cells isolated from mouse longitudinal muscle/myenteric plexus (LMMP). Immunostaining analysis revealed that the proportions of neuron, glia, and NCS-like cells were only <5 % at population in the primary culture of LMMP cells. Therefore, we proliferated NCS-like cells and differentiated them into neuronal cells and successfully increased the neuronal cell population upto about 40 %. Then, the differentiated neuronal cells were co-cultured with Caco-2 cell monolayers, and we found that the co-culture significantly decreased the transepithelial electrical resistance and enhanced the transport of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran-4 across Caco-2 cell monolayers, suggesting that the enteric neurons would function to open the tight junction and facilitate the drug transport via the paracellular route. On the other hand, no changes in the permeability of antipyrine were observed, suggesting that the enteric neurons would not affect the passive transport via the transcellular pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Maruyama
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Minami Yoshikata
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Formulation Design, Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Labs., Pharmaceutical Technology, Astellas Pharma Inc. 180, Ozumi, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0072, Japan
| | - Mana Sakaguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Formulation Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical CO., LTD., 1-135, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Shizuka Wakushima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Higaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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20
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Qiao D, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Tang Y, Chen Q, Shi Y, Chen Y, Tang Z, Dai Y. Jianpi-Qingchang decoction alleviates ulcerative colitis by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress-related autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114133. [PMID: 36521243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related autophagy is involved in the occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis (UC). Therefore, regulating ERS-related autophagy is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of UC. Jianpi-Qingchang (JPQC) decoction, consisting of nine Chinese herbal medicines, is used to treat patients with UC. However, its mechanism of action has not been completely elucidated. Here, we aimed to reveal the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of JPQC in UC. We established a colitis model using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and an ERS model using thapsigargin (Tg) and administered JPQC. We systematically examined ERS-related autophagy associated protein expression, inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic cells, and autophagic flux. Moreover, the cellular ultrastructure was observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We found that JPQC reduced disease activity index (DAI) scores, counteracted colonic tissue damage, decreased the number of autophagosomes, inhibited proinflammatory cytokines, enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokines, and dampened ERS-related autophagy associated protein gene expression.
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21
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Xiao P, Hu Z, Lang J, Pan T, Mertens RT, Zhang H, Guo K, Shen M, Cheng H, Zhang X, Cao Q, Ke Y. Mannose metabolism normalizes gut homeostasis by blocking the TNF-α-mediated proinflammatory circuit. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:119-130. [PMID: 36471112 PMCID: PMC9887054 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannose is a naturally occurring sugar widely consumed in the daily diet; however, mechanistic insights into how mannose metabolism affects intestinal inflammation remain lacking. Herein, we reported that mannose supplementation ameliorated colitis development and promoted colitis recovery. Macrophage-secreted inflammatory cytokines, particularly TNF-α, induced pathological endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), which was prevented by mannose via normalization of protein N-glycosylation. By preserving epithelial integrity, mannose reduced the inflammatory activation of colonic macrophages. On the other hand, mannose directly suppressed macrophage TNF-α production translationally by reducing the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate level, thus promoting GAPDH binding to TNF-α mRNA. Additionally, we found dysregulated mannose metabolism in the colonic mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Finally, we revealed that activating PMM2 activity with epalrestat, a clinically approved drug for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, elicited further sensitization to the therapeutic effect of mannose. Therefore, mannose metabolism prevents TNF-α-mediated pathogenic crosstalk between IECs and intestinal macrophages, thereby normalizing aberrant immunometabolism in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Gastroenterology at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Immunological Disease Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ziwei Hu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaheng Lang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyuan Pan
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Huilun Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Immunological Disease Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Manlu Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Immunological Disease Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Immunological Disease Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yuehai Ke
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Gastroenterology at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
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22
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Liu Z, Zhang Z, Chen X, Ma P, Peng Y, Li X. Citrate and hydroxycinnamate derivatives from Mume Fructus protect LPS-injured intestinal epithelial cells by regulating the FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 301:115834. [PMID: 36270558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mume Fructus (MF) is processed from the near-ripe fruit of Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc by drying at low temperature until the color turns black. MF is often used in Chinese medicine for the treatment of chronic diarrhea and dysentery. Previous studies have shown that the active components of MF against Crohn's disease (CD) are mainly citrate and hydroxycinnamate derivatives, which can alleviate the CD-induced inflammatory response and intestinal barrier damage. However, their molecular mechanisms on CD still need further elucidation. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of citrate and hydroxycinnamate derivatives in MF on intestinal epithelial injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Network pharmacology technology was used to predict the anti-CD targets and molecular mechanisms of 4 citrate and 11 hydroxycinnamate derivative prototypes and 5 hydroxycinnamate derivative metabolites in the 40% ethanol fraction of MF (MFE40), the active anti-CD ingredient group of MF. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated IEC-6 cells were used to investigate the effects of the above components on the proliferation of damaged IEC-6 cells and to verify the molecular mechanism of their regulation on the FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways for the promotion of the proliferation of IEC-6 cells. RESULTS A "compound-target-pathway" network was constructed based on network pharmacology analysis, including 20 citrate and hydroxycinnamate derivatives that target 316 core proteins and 36 CD-related pathways, of which PI3K-AKT pathway and focal adhesion were the most enriched pathways. Further cell validation experiments showed that 1 citric acid (CA) compound and 10 hydroxycinnamate derivatives, including 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3CQA), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4CQA), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5CQA), caffeic acid (CFA), p-coumaric acid (PCMA), m-coumaric acid (MCMA), ferulic acid (FUA), isoferulic acid (IFUA), 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (3HPPA) and hippuric acid (HPP), could promote the proliferation of IEC-6 cells and inhibit the damage of LPS to IEC-6 cells. Ethyl caffeate (ECFA), a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative, had no effect on promoting the proliferation of IEC-6 cells and was weak in inhibiting the damage of IEC-6 cells caused by LPS. Further mechanistic verification experiments showed that 7 citrate and hydroxycinnamate derivatives (CA, CFA, 3CQA, MCMA, FUA, 3HPPA, and HPP) could upregulate the expression of p-FAK, p-PI3K, and p-AKT proteins. Among them, CA had the better effect on activating the FAK-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Citrate and hydroxycinnamate derivatives in MF can ameliorate LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cell injury to demonstrate potential for Crohn's disease alleviation. This protective effect can be achieved by upregulating FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Yuan B, Liu M, Luo S, Qu Q, Zhu M, Wang Z, Zhang X, Xie G, Li B, Wang W. ETEC regulates GPR109A expression in intestinal epithelial cells mediated by inflammatory factors secreted by macrophages. Res Vet Sci 2023; 154:15-21. [PMID: 36403332 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbes control host immunity and homeostasis, and their abnormal changes are associated with the occurrence and development of diseases. GPR109A is an essential receptor on intestinal epithelial cells and interacts with gut microbes. Moreover, increased Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 strain colonization promotes GPR109A expression in vivo. This study evaluated the detailed mechanism of pathogenic bacteria promoting GPR109A expression. The results revealed that ETEC K88 indirectly fosters GPR109A expression in intestinal epithelial cells by stimulating the production of IL-1β and TNF-α through macrophages which are mediated by ERK1/2 pathway. The study explains the molecular mechanisms by which the bacteria regulate the homeostasis of the host intestinal gene expression during ETEC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Yuan
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Siyuan Luo
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Qing Qu
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhu
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zifan Wang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Gaijie Xie
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Bai Li
- First clinical hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
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24
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Imajo M, Hirota A, Tanaka S. Generation of Fetal Intestinal Organoids and Their Maturation into Adult Intestinal Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2650:133-140. [PMID: 37310629 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3076-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic development, the gut tube undergoes massive morphological changes from the simple tube structure composed of the pseudostratified epithelium into the mature intestinal tract composed of the columnar epithelium and characterized by the unique crypt-villus structures. In mice, maturation of fetal gut precursor cells into adult intestinal cells starts around embryonic day (E) 16.5, during which adult intestinal stem cells and their differentiated progenies are generated. In contrast to adult intestinal cells that form budding organoids containing both the crypt-like and villus-like regions, fetal intestinal cells can be cultured as simple spheroid-shaped organoids that show a uniform proliferation pattern. The fetal intestinal spheroids can undergo spontaneous maturation into adult budding organoids that contain intestinal stem cells and differentiated cells, including enterocytes, goblet, enteroendocrine, and Paneth cells, recapitulating intestinal cell maturation in vitro. Here, we provide detailed methods for establishment of fetal intestinal organoids and their differentiation into adult intestinal cells. These methods enable in vitro recapitulation of intestinal development and would be useful to reveal mechanisms that regulate the transition from fetal to adult intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Imajo
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Akira Hirota
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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25
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Guo XR, He CW, Gao H, Hua RX, Liang C, Du YX, Shang HW, Lu X, Xu JD. Insight into role of short chain fatty acids in regulating intestinal mucosal barrier and alleviating inflammatory bowel disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:928-940. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i21.928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the importance of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in maintaining the human intestinal environment has been gradually revealed. Therefore, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as the metabolites produced by the intestinal microbiota, play a momentous part in regulating the balance between the function and morphology of the mucosal barrier, regulating the proliferation and differentiation of mucosal cells, protecting the integrity and permeability of the mucosal barrier, and maintainingthe stability of tight junctions. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract, associated with a disturbance of intestinal barrier function and dysregulation of the intestinal immune responses, the etiology and pathogenesis of which, however, are not yet fully uncovered. Animal models and human studies have corroborated the contribution of SCFAs in enhancing the barrier function through protective effects. This review will summarize the potential role of SCFAs in IBD with regard to regulating intestinal function, hoping to provide a new target for clinical treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ran Guo
- 2019 Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Cheng-Wei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Rong-Xuan Hua
- 2020 Clinical Medicine of "5+3" Program, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chen Liang
- 2019 Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Du
- 2020 Oral Medicine of "5+3" Program, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hong-Wei Shang
- Teaching Laboratory of Morphology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Teaching Laboratory of Morphology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing-Dong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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26
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Zhou H, Zhou YL, Mao JA, Tang LF, Xu J, Wang ZX, He Y, Li M. NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy is involved in ionizing radiation-induced ferroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102413. [PMID: 35932693 PMCID: PMC9356278 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly recognized form of regulated cell death that is characterized by severe lipid peroxidation initiated by iron overload and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the role of iron in ionizing radiation (IR)-induced intestinal injury has not been fully illustrated yet. In this study, we found that IR induced ferroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells, as indicated by the increase in intracellular iron levels and lipid peroxidation, upregulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) mRNA, reduced glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) mRNA and glutathione (GSH) levels, and significant mitochondrial damage. In addition, the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) attenuated IR-induced ferroptosis and intestinal injury in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, pharmacological inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) mitigated IR-induced ferritin downregulation, iron overload and ferroptosis. IR increased the levels of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) mRNA and protein. NCOA4 knockdown significantly inhibited the reduction of ferritin, decreased the level of intracellular free iron, and mitigated ferroptosis induced by IR in HIEC cells, indicating that NCOA4-mediated autophagic degradation of ferritin (ferritinophagy) was required for IR-induced ferroptosis. Furthermore, cytoplasmic iron further activated mitoferrin2 (Mfrn2) on the mitochondrial membrane, which in turn increased iron transport into the mitochondria, resulting in increased ROS production and ferroptosis. In addition, mice fed with an iron-deficient diet for 3 weeks showed a significant reversal in the intestinal injury induced by abdominal IR exposure. Taken together, ferroptosis is a novel mechanism of IR-induced intestinal epithelial cytotoxicity, and is dependent on NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhou
- MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jiu-Ang Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Lin-Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jie Xu
- MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhen-Xin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Yang He
- MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Boyle EC, Wunschel EJ, Grassl GA. Salmonella enterica Infection of Human and Mouse Colon Organoid-Derived Monolayers. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2427:149-63. [PMID: 35619032 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1971-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial organoids reflect the morphology and function of an in vivo epithelial barrier. The composition of epithelial cell types reflects the cellular composition of the original tissue (small or large intestine) and organoids can be grown from different species. Thus, intestinal organoids constitute an ideal model to investigate infections of different hosts with enteric pathogens. In this chapter, we will focus on Salmonella infection of human and mouse colonoids grown in a 2D monolayer on permeable filter supports.
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Singh N, Dev I, Pal S, Yadav SK, Idris MM, Ansari KM. Transcriptomic and proteomic insights into patulin mycotoxin-induced cancer-like phenotypes in normal intestinal epithelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022. [PMID: 35150386 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Patulin (PAT) is a natural contaminant of fruits (primarily apples) and their products. Significantly, high levels of contamination have been found in fruit juices all over the world. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated PAT's ability to alter intestinal structure and function. However, in real life, the probability of low dose long-term exposure to PAT to humans is significantly higher through contaminated food items. Thus, in the present study, we have exposed normal intestinal cells to non-toxic levels of PAT for 16 weeks and observed that PAT had the ability to cause cancer-like properties in normal intestinal epithelial cells after chronic exposure. Here, our results showed that chronic exposure to low doses of PAT caused enhanced proliferation, migration and invasion ability, and the capability to grow in soft agar (anchorage independence). Moreover, an in vivo study showed the appearance of colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACFs) in PAT-exposed Wistar rats, which are well, establish markers for early colon cancer. Furthermore, as these neoplastic changes are consequences of alterations at the molecular level, here, we combined next-generation RNA sequencing with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis to investigate the possible underlying mechanisms involved in PAT-induced neoplastic changes.
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Ren H, Li Y, Ma X, Zhang C, Peng R, Ming L. Differential microRNA expression profile of Trichinella spiralis larvae after exposure to the host small intestinal milieu. Acta Trop 2022; 226:106174. [PMID: 34627754 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The process by which Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae are activated to infect the intestine after exposure to the host small intestinal milieu is crucial for the successful establishment of T. spiralis infection. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the invasion of intestinal epithelial cells by T. spiralis has not been elucidated. MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that participate in parasite growth and development, pathogenic processes, and host-parasite interactions. In the present study, the differential expression profile of miRNAs in T. spiralis after exposure to the mouse small intestinal milieu was analysed using Solexa high-throughput sequencing technology. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to analyse the functions of miRNA target genes, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were subsequently applied to test the regulatory effects of one significantly decreased miRNA (let-7) on its four predicted target genes. In total, 2,000 known miRNAs (930 upregulated and 1070 downregulated) and 43 novel miRNAs (22 upregulated and 21 downregulated) were found to be differentially expressed in intestinal larvae, compared with muscle larvae. The KEGG pathway analysis showed that the predicted target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in 299 different pathways, and the top 10 pathways were metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, lysosome, focal adhesion, purine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, tight junction, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and pathways in cancer. As one of the most widely studied miRNA families, the expression of let-7 was significantly decreased in T. spiralis after exposure to host small intestinal milieu. A dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that neuropeptide Y receptor type 6 and carboxypeptidase E were direct target genes of let-7, and were downregulated by binding with their 3' UTR. GO function analysis showed that carboxypeptidase E had multiple enzymatic activities, suggesting that it might participate in cell membrane damage and larval invasion. These data suggest that the differentially expressed miRNAs in T. spiralis might have a regulatory role in the invasion of host intestinal epithelial cells. This study provides a new insight into the molecular mechanisms of invasion by T. spiralis and the regulatory functions of miRNAs in host-Trichinella interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiaohan Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ruoyu Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Liang Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Qi M, Liao S, Wang J, Deng Y, Zha A, Shao Y, Cui Z, Song T, Tang Y, Tan B, Yin Y. MyD88 deficiency ameliorates weight loss caused by intestinal oxidative injury in an autophagy-dependent mechanism. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:677-695. [PMID: 34811946 PMCID: PMC8818611 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut health plays a vital role in the overall health and disease control of human and animals. Intestinal oxidative stress is a critical player in the induction and progression of cachexia which is conventionally diagnosed and classified by weight loss. Therefore, reduction of intestinal oxidative injury is a common and highly effective strategy for the maintenance of human and animal health. Here we identify intestinal myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) as a novel target for intestinal oxidative stress using canonical oxidative stress model induced by paraquat (PQ) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Intestinal oxidative stress was induced by administration of PQ in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and mouse model. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage, mitochondrial function, oxidative status, and autophagy process were measured in wild-type and MyD88-deficient IECs during PQ exposure. Autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine) and activator (rapamycin) were employed to assess the role of autophagy in MyD88-deficient IECs during PQ exposure. MyD88 specific inhibitor, ST2825, was used to verify function of MyD88 during PQ exposure in mouse model. RESULTS MyD88 protein levels and apoptotic rate of IECs are increased in response to PQ exposure (P < 0.001). Intestinal deletion of MyD88 blocks PQ-induced apoptosis (~42% reduction) and DNA damage (~86% reduction), and improves mitochondrial fission (~37% reduction) and function including mitochondrial membrane potential (~23% increment) and respiratory metabolism capacity (~26% increment) (P < 0.01). Notably, there is a marked decrease in reactive oxygen species in MyD88-deficient IECs during PQ exposure (~70% reduction), which are consistent with high activity of antioxidative enzymes (~83% increment) (P < 0.001). Intestinal ablation of MyD88 inhibits mTOR signalling, and further phosphorylates p53 proteins during PQ exposure, which eventually promotes intestinal autophagy (~74% increment) (P < 0.01). Activation of autophagy (rapamycin) promotes IECs growth as compared with 3-methyladenine-treatment during PQ exposure (~173% increment), while inhibition of autophagy (3-methyladenine) exacerbates oxidative stress in MyD88-deficient IECs (P < 0.001). In mouse model, inhibition of MyD88 using specific inhibitor ST2825 followed by PQ treatment effectively ameliorates weight loss (~4% increment), decreased food intake (~92% increment), gastrocnemius and soleus loss (~24% and ~20% increment, respectively), and intestinal oxidative stress in an autophagy dependent manner (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS MyD88 modulates intestinal oxidative stress in an autophagy-dependent mechanism, which suggests that reducing MyD88 level may constitute a putative therapeutic target for intestinal oxidative injury-induced weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qi
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Simeng Liao
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuankun Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Andong Zha
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yirui Shao
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijuan Cui
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tongxing Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulong Tang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Vieira A, Vital N, Rolo D, Roque R, Gonçalves LM, Bettencourt A, Silva MJ, Louro H. Investigation of the genotoxicity of digested titanium dioxide nanomaterials in human intestinal cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 161:112841. [PMID: 35093430 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TiO2 NMs) in food and consumer products such as toothpaste or food contact materials, suggests the relevance of human oral exposure to these nanomaterials (NMs) and raises the possibility of adverse effects in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). We previously showed that the in vitro digestion of TiO2 NMs may increase their toxicity in intestinal cells. In this work, we analyzed the genotoxicity and the intracellular reactive oxygen species induction by physiologically relevant concentrations of three different TiO2 NMs (NM-102, NM-103 and NM-105) in Caco-2 and HT29-MTX-E12 intestinal cells, while considering the potential influence of the digestion process in the NMs' physiochemical characteristics. The results evidenced a DNA-damaging effect dependent on the NM, more relevant for the rutile/anatase NM-105, possibly due to its lower hydrodynamic size in the cells medium. In addition, the results of the micronucleus assay suggest effects on chromosomal integrity, an indicator of cancer risk, in the HT29-MTX-E12 cells, for all the tested TiO2 NMs, especially after the in vitro digestion. This work supports the evidence for concerns on the use of TiO2 NMs as a food additive, recently reported by EFSA, and for their use in applications in consumer products that may drive human exposure through ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Vieira
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Nádia Vital
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Dora Rolo
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rossana Roque
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Lídia M Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ana Bettencourt
- Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Silva
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa, Portugal; ToxOmics-Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Henriqueta Louro
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016, Lisboa, Portugal; ToxOmics-Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Zhu Y, Wang A, Li R, Zhu H, Hu L, Chen W. Total ginsenosides promote the IEC-6 cell proliferation via affecting the regulatory mechanism mediated by polyamines. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:1223-1232. [PMID: 34744477 PMCID: PMC8551508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell proliferation has been demonstrated to be a critical modality for mucosal repair after gastrointestinal mucosal injury. This research aimed to investigate the effect of total ginsenosides upon the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6), and elucidate its potential mechanisms through polyamine-regulated pathway including the expression of proliferation-related proteins. Total ginsenosides (PGE3) were extracted from Panax ginseng, a Chinese herbal medicine, whose chromatogram was obtained by high performance liquid chromatographic method with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD). The cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and the level of c-Myc, RhoA, Cdk2 proteins were detected to determine the effects of PGE3 at 25, 50 and100 mg/l doses on IEC-6. Furthermore, rats model of intestinal mucosal injury were induced by the subcutaneous injection of indomethacin, and the effect of Panax ginseng aqueous extracts (PGE1) on intestinal mucosal injury was observed. PGE3 could promote IEC-6 cell proliferation, reduce the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells and elevate the proportion of G2/M + S phase cells, and revert the proliferation and cell cycle arrest induced by DFMO (DL-a-difluoromethylornithine, an inhibitor of polyamines synthesis). PGE3 exposure enhanced the level of c-Myc, RhoA and Cdk2 proteins, and reversed the inhibition of these proteins expression induced by DFMO. The results of gross and pathological scores showed administration of PGE1 significantly alleviated intestinal mucosal injury of rats. Our findings indicate that total ginsenosides promoted the IEC-6 proliferation presumably via its regulation on cell cycle and the expression of proliferation-related proteins regulated by polyamines, and provided a novel perspective for exploring the repair effect of Panax ginseng upon gastrointestinal mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruliu Li
- Corresponding author at: Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang road, Guang zhou 510405, PR China.
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Xu D, Ma Y, Han X, Chen Y. Systematic toxicity evaluation of polystyrene nanoplastics on mice and molecular mechanism investigation about their internalization into Caco-2 cells. J Hazard Mater 2021; 417:126092. [PMID: 34015712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing concern regarding the toxic effects of nanoplastics (NPs) on aquatic and marine organism, while relatively few studies about their toxicity evaluation on mammals are conducted. In the present study, we observed accumulation of polystyrene NPs (PS NPs) in mice spleen, lung, kidney, small intestine, large intestine, testis, and brain after oral exposure to PS NPs (~100 nm, 10 mg/mL, 100 μL) for 28 days, and NPs were identified to induce cell apoptosis, inflammation, and structure disorder in these tissues. We also found that PS NPs could bring about hematological system injury and lipid metabolism disorder. Further in vitro studies identified that PS NPs could be absorbed by the intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells by macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and induced disruption of tight junction between Caco-2 cells. Moreover, we found that it was easier for PS-NH2 and PS-COOH to enter into Caco-2 cells, which may be associated with observed stronger toxicity of PS-NH2 and PS-COOH NPs. In summary, this study demonstrated that NPs exposure brings about toxic effects to mice. This study could provide new insights regarding the distribution of NPs in humans, and helps us to evaluate the potential physiological risks of NPs to human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dihui Xu
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Yuhan Ma
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Yabing Chen
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Gupta T, Kaur H, Kapila S, Kapila R. Potential probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MTCC-5897 attenuates Escherichia coli induced inflammatory response in intestinal cells. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:5703-5713. [PMID: 34476513 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are microbes having tremendous potential to prevent gastrointestinal disorders. In current investigation, immunomodulatory action of probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MTCC-5897 was studied during exclusion, competition and displacement of Escherichia coli on intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells. The incubation of intestinal cells with Escherichia coli, enhanced downstream signalling and activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). This significantly increased (p < 0.01) the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-ϒ) expression. While, incubation of epithelial cells with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus during exclusion and competition with Escherichia coli, counteracted these enhanced expressions. The immunomodulatory feature of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus was also highlighted with increased (p < 0.05) transcription of toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) and single Ig IL-1-related receptor (SIGIRR) along with diminished expression of TLR-4. Likewise, attenuation (p < 0.05) of E. coli-mediated enhanced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p-65 subunit by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus during exclusion was confirmed with western blotting. Thus, present finding establishes the prophylactic potential of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus against exclusion of Escherichia coli in intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taruna Gupta
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Suman Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Rajeev Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
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Kim JY, Lee YM, Park JP, Lim KT, Lee SJ. Phytoglycoprotein isolated from Dioscorea batatas Decne promotes intestinal epithelial wound healing. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:738-48. [PMID: 33039053 DOI: 10.1016/S1875-5364(20)60014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dioscorea batatas Decne (DBD) has been used to heal various illnesses of the kidney and intestine as an herbal medicine in Asia. As a source of therapeutic agents, many glycoproteins have been isolated from mushrooms and plants, but the functional role of glycoprotein in intestinal epithelial wound healing has not been understood yet. In the present study, we investigated the wound healing potentials of the 30 kDa glycoprotein (DBD glycoprotein) isolated from DBD in human intestinal epithelial (INT-407) cells. We found that DBD glycoprotein (100 μg·mL-1) significantly increased the motility of INT-407 cells for 24 h by activating protein kinase C (PKC). DBD glycoprotein stimulated the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which is responsible for the phosphorylation of NF-κB inhibitor α (IκBα). DBD glycoprotein increased the level of profilin-1 (PFN1), α-actinin and F-actin expression via activation of transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) during its promotion of cell migration. Experimental mouse colitis was induced by adding dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to the drinking water at a concentration of 4% (W/V) for 7 days. We figured out that administration of DBD glycoprotein (10 and 20 mg·kg-1) lowers the levels of disease activity index and histological inflammation in DSS-treated ICR mice. In this regard, we suggest that DBD glycoprotein has ability to promote the F-actin-related migration signaling events via activation of PKC and NF-κB in intestinal epithelial cells and prevent inflammatory bowel disease.
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Nepal N, Arthur S, Haynes J, Palaniappan B, Sundaram U. Mechanism of Na-K-ATPase Inhibition by PGE2 in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040752. [PMID: 33805551 PMCID: PMC8066871 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary means of intestinal absorption of nutrients by villus cells is via Na-dependent nutrient co-transporters located in the brush border membrane (BBM). These secondary active co-transport processes require a favorable transcellular Na gradient that is provided by Na-K-ATPase. In chronic enteritis, malabsorption of essential nutrients is partially due to inhibition of villus Na-K-ATPase activity mediated by specific immune inflammatory mediators that are known to be elevated in the inflamed mucosa. However, how Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a specific mediator of nutrient malabsorption in the villus BBM, may mediate the inhibition of Na-K-ATPase is not known. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of PGE2 on Na-K-ATPase in villus cells and define its mechanism of action. In vitro, in IEC-18 cells, PGE2 treatment significantly reduced Na-K-ATPase activity, accompanied by a significant increase in the intracellular levels of cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP). The treatment with cAMP analog 8-Bromo-cAMP mimicked the PGE2-mediated effect on Na-K-ATPase activity, while Rp-cAMP (PKA inhibitor) pretreatment reversed the same. The mechanism of inhibition of PGE2 was secondary to a transcriptional reduction in the Na-K-ATPase α1 and β1 subunit genes, which was reversed by the Rp-cAMP pretreatment. Thus, the PGE2-mediated activation of the PKA pathway mediates the transcriptional inhibition of Na-K-ATPase activity in vitro.
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Simmen S, Maane M, Rogler S, Baebler K, Lang S, Cosin-Roger J, Atrott K, Frey-Wagner I, Spielmann P, Wenger RH, Weder B, Zeitz J, Vavricka SR, Rogler G, de Vallière C, Hausmann M, Ruiz PA. Hypoxia Reduces the Transcription of Fibrotic Markers in the Intestinal Mucosa. Inflamm Intest Dis 2021; 6:87-100. [PMID: 34124180 DOI: 10.1159/000513061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intestinal fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, is a common and severe clinical complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanisms underlying fibrosis remain elusive, and currently, there are limited effective pharmacologic treatments that target the development of fibrosis. Hypoxia is one of the key microenvironmental factors influencing intestinal inflammation and has been linked to fibrosis. Objective In the present study, we sought to elucidate the impact of hypoxia on fibrotic gene expression in the intestinal mucosa. Methods Human volunteers, IBD patients, and dextran sulphate sodium-treated mice were exposed to hypoxia, and colonic biopsies were collected. The human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2, human THP-1 macrophages, and primary human gut fibroblasts were subjected to hypoxia, and changes in fibrotic gene expression were assessed. Results Human volunteers subjected to hypoxia presented reduced transcriptional levels of fibrotic and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in the intestinal mucosa. IBD patients showed a trend towards a decrease in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 protein expression. In mice, hypoxic conditions reduced the colonic expression of several collagens and matrix metalloproteinases. Hypoxic Caco-2 cells, THP-1 cells, and primary gut fibroblasts showed a significant downregulation in the expression of fibrotic and tissue remodelling factors. Conclusions Stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors might represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of IBD-associated fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Simmen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max Maane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katherina Baebler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Partick Spielmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Zeitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center of Gastroenterology, Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Jia Y, Wang Y, Li R, Li S, Zhang M, He C, Chen H. The structural characteristic of acidic-hydrolyzed corn silk polysaccharides and its protection on the H 2O 2-injured intestinal epithelial cells. Food Chem 2021; 356:129691. [PMID: 33838603 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to describe the purification and characterization of acidic-hydrolyzed corn silk polysaccharides (AH-CSP) and evaluate their protection on the H2O2-injured intestinalepithelial cells (IEC-6). Two fractions named AHP-1 and AHP-2 were obtained from AH-CSP, and physicochemical properties of them were investigated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), gas chromatography (GC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and Congo red test. Results showed that AHP-1 (2.80 × 104 Da) and AHP-2 (1.25 × 104 Da) were consisted of xylose, mannose, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, and glucose. AHP-1 and AHP-2 had strong scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and OH· free radicals. Furthermore, pretreatment with AHP-2 could protect the H2O2-injured IEC-6 cells by effectively scavenging the overproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulating of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1)/ nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ruilin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Shuqin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, PR China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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Cohen-Kedar S, Keizer D, Schwartz S, Rabinowitz KM, Kaboub K, Shaham Barda E, Sadot E, Wolff-Bar M, Shaltiel T, Dotan I. Commensal fungi and their cell-wall β-glucans direct differential responses in human intestinal epithelial cells. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:864-878. [PMID: 33616974 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are the first to encounter luminal antigens and play an active role in intestinal immune responses. We previously reported that β-glucans, major fungal cell-wall glycans, induced chemokine secretion by IEC lines in a Dectin-1- and Syk-dependent manner. Here, we show that in contrast to β-glucans, stimulation of IEC lines with Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae did not induce secretion of any of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8, CCL2, CXCL1, and GM-CSF. Commensal fungi and β-glucans activated Syk and ERK in IEC lines. However, only β-glucans activated p38, JNK, and the transcription factors NF-κB p65 and c-JUN, which were necessary for cytokine secretion. Furthermore, costimulation of IEC lines with β-glucans and C. albicans yielded decreased cytokine secretion compared to stimulation with β-glucans alone. Finally, ex vivo stimulation of human colonic mucosal explants with zymosan and C. albicans, leads to epithelial Syk and ERK phosphorylation, implying recognition of fungi and similar initial signaling pathways as in IEC lines. Lack of cytokine secretion in response to commensal fungi may reflect IECs' response to fungal glycans, other than β-glucans, that contribute to mucosal tolerance. Skewed epithelial response to commensal fungi may impair homeostasis and contribute to intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Cohen-Kedar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Danielle Keizer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Suzana Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Keren M Rabinowitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kawsar Kaboub
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Efrat Shaham Barda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Sadot
- Department of Surgery, Beilinson Campus, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Meirav Wolff-Bar
- Department of Pathology, Beilinson Campus, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Tali Shaltiel
- Department of Surgery, Beilinson Campus, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Iris Dotan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Wu H, Chen QY, Wang WZ, Chu S, Liu XX, Liu YJ, Tan C, Zhu F, Deng SJ, Dong YL, Yu T, Gao F, He HX, Leng XY, Fan H. Compound sophorae decoction enhances intestinal barrier function of dextran sodium sulfate induced colitis via regulating notch signaling pathway in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:110937. [PMID: 33217689 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compound sophorae decoction (CSD), a Chinese Herbal decoction, is frequently clinically prescribed for patients suffered from ulcerative colitis (UC) characterized by bloody diarrhea. Yet, the underlying mechanism about how this formulae works is remain elusive. METHODS In the present study, the experimental colitis in C57BL/6 J mice was induced by oral administration of standard diets containing 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and CSD was given orally for treatment at the same time. The clinical symptoms including stool and body weight were recorded each day, and colon length and its histopathological changes were observed. Apoptosis of colonic epithelium was studied by detecting protein expression of cleaved caspase-3, and cell proliferation by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. Tight junction complex like ZO-1 and occludin were also determined by transmission electron microscope and immunofluorescence. The concentration of FITC-dextran 4000 was measured to evaluate intestinal barrier permeability and possible signaling pathway was investigated. Mucin2 (MUC2) and notch pathway were tested through western blot. The M1/M2 ratio in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes were detected by flow cytometry. And the mRNA levels of iNOS and Arg1 were examined by qRT-PCR. RESULTS CSD could significantly alleviate the clinical manifestations and pathological damage. Body weight loss and DAI score of mice with colitis were improved and shortening of colon was inhibited. The administration of CSD was able to reduce apoptotic epithelial cells and facilitate epithelial cell regeneration. Increased intestinal permeability was reduced in DSS-induced colitis mice. In addition, CSD treatment obviously up-regulated the expression of ZO-1 and occludin and the secretion of MUC2, regulated notch signaling, and decreased the ratio of M1/M2. CONCLUSIONS These data together suggest that CSD can effectively mitigate intestinal inflammation, promote phenotypic change in macrophage phenotype and enhance colonic mucosal barrier function by, at least in part, regulating notch signaling in mice affected by DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qian-Yun Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wen-Zhu Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Si Chu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xing-Xing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu-Jin Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shuang-Jiao Deng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ya-Lan Dong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hong-Xia He
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Leng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang S, Yan Z, Li C, Zheng Y, Cui L. Heat Shock Protein 27 Regulates the Inflammatory Response of Intestinal Epithelial Cells by the Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:3514-3520. [PMID: 32078087 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The specific and accurate pathogenesis of diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome is still unclear. AIMS We explored the mechanism of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome to identify the key targets for the disease. METHODS The human colonic epithelial cell lines Caco-2 and NCM460 were pretreated with KRIBB3 (a phosphorylation inhibitor of HSP27) and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide for different times. The apoptosis ratios of Caco-2 and NCM460 cells were examined with Annexin V/PI assays. Cell growth was determined using the cell counting kit-8 assay, and the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the cell supernatant were analyzed by ELISA. In addition, the expression levels of HSP27 and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway were examined by Western blot assay. RESULTS Stimulation with lipopolysaccharide promoted the expression of HSP27 in colonic epithelial cells. HSP27 was phosphorylated at serine 78 and 82 after exposure to LPS. Apoptosis, growth inhibition, and inflammatory factor expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced colonic epithelial cells were greatly exacerbated by KRIBB3 treatment. In addition, KRIBB3 inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB-α and the activation of NF-κB. Gene silencing by small interfering RNA indicated that phosphorylation of HSP27 may regulate the NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSIONS HSP27 plays an important role in the inflammatory response of intestinal human colonic epithelial cells. HSP27 may protect intestinal epithelial cells against damage by regulating the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, NO. 6 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, NO. 6 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shaoxin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, NO. 6 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhihui Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, NO. 6 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, NO. 6 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, NO. 6 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lihong Cui
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong Province, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital, NO. 6 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Park JH, Jung IK, Lee Y, Jin S, Yun HJ, Kim BW, Kwon HJ. Alcohol stimulates the proliferation of mouse small intestinal epithelial cells via Wnt signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:639-645. [PMID: 33220923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is one of the fastest renewing tissues in mammals and is a barrier against toxic substances such as alcohol. Excessive alcohol can induce intestinal damage leading to intestinal bowel diseases. Thus, the control of small intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) regeneration is thought to be important for homeostasis in response to epithelium damage. However, reports on how epithelial cells respond to small intestinal damage are scarce. We investigated the effects of alcohol consumption on small intestinal epithelial cells of mice. To verify that alcohol altered the small intestinal epithelium, we used 8-10 weeks old male C57BL/6J mice for models of chronic and binge alcohol consumption (the NIAAA model) in addition to an organoid model. Alcohol promoted the proliferative activity of IECs and intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in intestinal crypts. Alcohol consumption increased expression of the proliferation marker cyclin D1 and activated the p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) signaling pathway in small intestinal epithelial cells. The Wnt target genes were markedly increased in IECs from alcohol-treated mice. In the small intestinal organoid model exposed to alcohol, the organoid area and numbers of buds increased with alcohol concentrations up to 0.5% similar to in vivo observations. These results suggest that alcohol consumption stimulates the proliferation of small intestinal epithelial cells via Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ha Park
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, South Korea; Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-eui University, South Korea.
| | - In Kyo Jung
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, South Korea; Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, 28159, South Korea
| | - Yongjun Lee
- Hongcheon Institute of Medicinal Herb, Hongcheon, 25142, South Korea
| | - Soojung Jin
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-eui University, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Yun
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, South Korea
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, South Korea; Blue-Bio Industry Regional Innovation Center, Dong-eui University, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Kwon
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340, South Korea; Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-eui University, South Korea; Blue-Bio Industry Regional Innovation Center, Dong-eui University, South Korea.
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Zhang HY, Wang F, Meng X, Feng C, Xiang L, Besner GE, Feng JX. Prenatal low-dose endotoxin exposure prolongs intestinal epithelial activation after birth and contributes to necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2020; 55:2308-2316. [PMID: 32321629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of low dose endotoxin on transcriptional activity in intestinal epithelium, and its role in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). METHODS Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were injected into the amniotic cavity of pregnant mice under ultrasound guidance. The effects of LPS on fetal and neonatal intestines were determined. Mouse pups were exposed to low dose LPS (0.01 μg per fetus) prenatally and subjected to experimental NEC after birth. The incidence and severity of NEC, as well as intestinal permeability, NF-κB activation, and IL-6 expression were studied. The signaling pathways in the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) that were activated by LPS were also investigated. RESULTS Low dose LPS did not increase apoptosis, myeloperoxidase activity, histological injury or NF-κB activity in fetal intestines. However, prenatal low dose LPS exposure disturbed the transient and self-limited activation of NF-κB in neonatal intestines after birth. Importantly, it increased the incidence and severity of experimental NEC in neonatal mice. In primary IECs, low dose LPS induced IRAK-1 expression via activation of GSK3β. Elevated IRAK-1 levels prolonged the activation of IECs upon stimulation by high dose LPS. CONCLUSION Prenatal low dose endotoxin exposure disturbs self-limited postnatal epithelial cell activation and predisposes the neonatal intestine to NEC. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Not applicable (experimental animal study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Xinrao Meng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chenzhao Feng
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Gail E Besner
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Jie-Xiong Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Hu CX, Zeng J, Yang DQ, Yue X, Dan Liu R, Long SR, Zhang X, Jiang P, Cui J, Wang ZQ. Binding of elastase-1 and enterocytes facilitates Trichinella spiralis larval intrusion of the host's intestinal epithelium. Acta Trop 2020; 211:105592. [PMID: 32565198 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Elastase-1 is one member of serine protease family, distributes in organisms widely and plays a crucial role in the invasion and development of Trichinella spiralis. In order to identify the binding of T. spiralis elastase-1 (TsEla) with host's intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and its role in Trichinella larval intrusion, TsEla gene was cloned and expressed in our previous study. The recombinant TsEla (rTsEla) has the enzymatic activity to degrade specific peptide substrate. A specific binding between rTsEla and IECs was detected by Far Western blot and ELISA. In an in vitro invasion assay, rTsEla promoted the larval intrusion, whereas anti-rTsEla serum inhibited the larval penetration. The larval intrusion was also suppressed after the silencing of TsEla by siRNA. Silencing of TsEla gene by siRNA-291 meditated RNA interference suppressed TsEla protein expression, reduced the worm infectivity, development and reproductive capacity. These results indicated that TsEla plays an important role in the T. spiralis intrusion of host's intestinal epithelia, and it could be a prospective vaccine molecular target against T. spiralis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xi Hu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Da Qi Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Xin Yue
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Shao Rong Long
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
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Ota S, Sakuraba H, Hiraga H, Yoshida S, Satake M, Akemoto Y, Tanaka N, Watanabe R, Takato M, Murai Y, Ueno K, Niioka T, Hayakari M, Ishiguro Y, Fukuda S. Cyclosporine protects from intestinal epithelial injury by modulating butyrate uptake via upregulation of membrane monocarboxylate transporter 1 levels. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100811. [PMID: 33102812 PMCID: PMC7578528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims A relationship between treatment outcomes and intestinal microbiota in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases has been demonstrated. Cyclosporine treatment leads to rapid improvement in severe ulcerative colitis. We hypothesized that the potent effects of cyclosporine would be exerted through relationships between intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and the host microbiota. The present study was designed to elucidate the effects of cyclosporine on monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) regulation and butyrate uptake by IECs. Methods Colitis was induced in C57BL6 mice via the administration of 4% dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water, following which body weights, colon lengths, and histological scores were evaluated. To examine the role of butyrate in the protective effects of cyclosporine, MCT1 inhibitor and an antibiotic cocktail was administered and tributyrin (TB; a prodrug of butyrate) was supplemented; MCT1 protein expression and acetylated histone 3 (AcH3) signals in IECs, as well as the MCT1-membrane fraction of Caco-2 cells, were evaluated. To explore butyrate uptake, as s butyrate derivatives, 3-bromopyruvic acid (3-BrPA) and 1-pyrenebutyric acid were used. Results Treatment with cyclosporine inhibited body weight loss and colon length shortening. However, treatment with MCT1 inhibitor and the antibiotic cocktail negated the efficacy of cyclosporine, whereas TB supplementation restored its protective effect. Furthermore, cyclosporine upregulated MCT1 expression in the membrane and the AcH3 signal in IECs, while also inducing higher anti-inflammatory cytokine production compared to that in the vehicle-treated mice. The transcription level of MCT1 mRNA in IECs and Caco-2 cells did not increase with cyclosporine treatment; however, cyclosporine treatment increased membrane MCT1 expression in these cells and uptake of butyrate derivative. Conclusion Cyclosporine treatment modulates butyrate uptake via the post-transcriptional upregulation of membrane MCT1 levels in IECs. The protective effect of cyclosporine needs microbiota-derived butyrate. Cyclosporine increased the fraction of MCT1 at the cell membrane. Cyclosporine enhanced butyrate uptake and regulatory cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hirotake Sakuraba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiroto Hiraga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shukuko Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Shibata Irika Co.Ltd.Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Miwa Satake
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yui Akemoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Nahoko Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Rina Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Maeda Takato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Murai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kayo Ueno
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takenori Niioka
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Hayakari
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yoh Ishiguro
- Division of Clinical Research, Hirosaki National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Abstract
Dietary protein digestion is an efficient process resulting in the absorption of amino acids by epithelial cells, mainly in the jejunum. Some amino acids are extensively metabolized in enterocytes supporting their high energy demand and/or production of bioactive metabolites such as glutathione or nitric oxide. In contrast, other amino acids are mainly used as building blocks for the intense protein synthesis associated with the rapid epithelium renewal and mucin production. Several amino acids have been shown to support the intestinal barrier function and the intestinal endocrine function. In addition, amino acids are metabolized by the gut microbiota that use them for their own protein synthesis and in catabolic pathways releasing in the intestinal lumen numerous metabolites such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, branched-chain amino acids, polyamines, phenolic and indolic compounds. Some of them (e.g. hydrogen sulfide) disrupts epithelial energy metabolism and may participate in mucosal inflammation when present in excess, while others (e.g. indole derivatives) prevent gut barrier dysfunction or regulate enteroendocrine functions. Lastly, some recent data suggest that dietary amino acids might regulate the composition of the gut microbiota, but the relevance for the intestinal health remains to be determined. In summary, amino acid utilization by epithelial cells or by intestinal bacteria appears to play a pivotal regulator role for intestinal homeostasis. Thus, adequate dietary supply of amino acids represents a key determinant of gut health and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beaumont
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - François Blachier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France.
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Biel C, Bigaeva E, Hesse M, Bomers JJM, van Summeren K, Teunis MAT, Vaessen S, Ten Klooster JP, Olinga P. Survival and cellular heterogeneity of epithelium in cultured mouse and rat precision-cut intestinal slices. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 69:104974. [PMID: 32828807 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Precision-cut intestinal slices (PCIS) are used to study intestinal (patho)physiology, drug efficacy, toxicity, transport and metabolism ex vivo. One of the factors that limit the use of PCIS is a relatively short life-span. Moreover, culture-induced changes in cellular composition of PCIS remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we demonstrated the epithelial cell heterogeneity in mouse and rat PCIS and its alterations during culture. In addition, we evaluated whether the presence of niche growth factors impacts the survival of PCIS epithelial cells. We showed that freshly prepared PCIS retained the main epithelial cell types, namely absorptive enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, stem cells, transit-amplifying cells and Paneth cells. Once placed in culture, PCIS displayed progressive epithelial damage, and loss of these epithelial cell types. Cells comprising the intestinal stem cell niche were especially sensitive to the damage, and the addition of niche growth factors beneficially affected the survival of stem cells and transit-amplifying cells in PCIS during culture. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the dynamic changes in cellular composition of epithelium in cultured PCIS, paving the way to future toxicological and pharmacological studies in an informed and reliable ex vivo setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin Biel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emilia Bigaeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Melanie Hesse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jordy J M Bomers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; PROdermpath, Labor für Dermatohistopathology, Vreden, Germany
| | - Kitty van Summeren
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marc A T Teunis
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Vaessen
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jean Paul Ten Klooster
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
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48
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Duque-Correa MA, Schreiber F, Rodgers FH, Goulding D, Forrest S, White R, Buck A, Grencis RK, Berriman M. Development of caecaloids to study host-pathogen interactions: new insights into immunoregulatory functions of Trichuris muris extracellular vesicles in the caecum. Int J Parasitol 2020; 50:707-718. [PMID: 32659277 PMCID: PMC7435689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Development of new methods to generate, culture and characterise mouse caecaloids is described. Caecaloids recapitulate the caecal epithelium composition and spatial organisation. Caecaloids can be used to study host–caecal pathogen interactions in vitro. Trichuris muris EVs exert novel immunoregulatory effects on intestinal epithelial cells.
The caecum, an intestinal appendage in the junction of the small and large intestines, displays a unique epithelium that serves as an exclusive niche for a range of pathogens including whipworms (Trichuris spp.). While protocols to grow organoids from small intestine (enteroids) and colon (colonoids) exist, the conditions to culture organoids from the caecum have yet to be described. Here, we report methods to grow, differentiate and characterise mouse adult stem cell-derived caecal organoids, termed caecaloids. We compare the cellular composition of caecaloids with that of enteroids, identifying differences in intestinal epithelial cell populations that mimic those found in the caecum and small intestine. The remarkable similarity in the intestinal epithelial cell composition and spatial conformation of caecaloids and their tissue of origin enables their use as an in vitro model to study host interactions with important caecal pathogens. Thus, exploiting this system, we investigated the responses of caecal intestinal epithelial cells to extracellular vesicles secreted/excreted by the intracellular helminth Trichuris muris. Our findings reveal novel immunoregulatory effects of whipworm extracellular vesicles on the caecal epithelium, including the downregulation of responses to nucleic acid recognition and type-I interferon signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Faye H Rodgers
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - David Goulding
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sally Forrest
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ruby White
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Amy Buck
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Richard K Grencis
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Matthew Berriman
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
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49
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Abstract
NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6) is a novel NLR family member, that shows high expression in the intestine and liver (in contrast to NLRP3 in myeloid cells), to regulate inflammation and host defense against microbes. NLRP6 is reported to involved in inflammasome activation, regulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, antiviral interferon (IFN) signaling, mucus secretion, and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production. Here, we discuss the recent findings as well as debates regarding: how NLRP6 is induced ("signal I″) and activated ("signal II"); its roles in intestinal cells and immune cells; how NLRP6 and NLRP9 coordinate to regulate the anti-viral immune response in the intestine; potential targeting of NLRP6 in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Li
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China; School of Data Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; CAS Centre for Excellence in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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50
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Xie S, Li Y, Zhao S, Lv Y, Yu Q. Salmonella infection induced intestinal crypt hyperplasia through Wnt/β-catenin pathway in chicken. Res Vet Sci 2020; 130:179-183. [PMID: 32199176 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
S. Pullorum is a causative agent of enteric disease of poultry with serious diarrhea. However, the detailed mechanism behind its injury to intestinal mucosa barrier, especially for intestinal stem cells, is unclear. In this study, S. Pullorum were orally administrated to 3 days old chicken to investigate the pathogenesis of S. Pullorum on intestinal mucosal barrier, especially on the proliferation of epithelial cells. We found that S. Pullorum could colonize in the cecum and invade into the liver through intestinal mucosa damage, which caused obvious pathological changes in liver and intestine and even leaded to death, as well as significant reduction of body weight. We also found that S. Pullorum infection enhanced the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 through TLR4/MyD88 pathway, which was also further verified by the increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in serum. Furthermore, S. Pullorum increased the depth of crypt and density of PCNA+ cells significantly through the over-activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The expression of intestinal stem cells markers Lgr5 and Bmi1 was also increased after S. Pullorum infection to support the crypt hyperplasia. In addition, we verified that S. Pullorum infection enhanced the mRNA expression of IL-1β, TLR4, Lgr5 and Bmi1. Our study indicated that S. Pullorum infection damaged the intestinal mucosa barrier to induce diarrhea, affected the abnormal proliferation of intestinal stem cells by over-activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xie
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Yuchen Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Shiyi Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Yingjun Lv
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
| | - Qinghua Yu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
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