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Lazár J, Šmigová J, Šmiga Ľ, Lazár P, Čurlík J, Papajová I. Morphological and molecular identification of adult Stichorchis subtriquetrus in beaver in Slovakia. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:2161-2164. [PMID: 36749533 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The European beaver (Castor fiber) was a fully eradicated species in Slovakia. Thanks to year-round protection and several different reintroduction programs the population is now increasing. However, there are limited reports about their health status.A 2-year-old female European beaver, was found dead by road near town Hanušovce nad Topľou in eastern Slovakia in 2021. Necropsy was carried out at the Department of Breeding and Diseases of the Game, Fish and Bees, Ecology and Cynology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice. Necropsy revealed a total of 13 trematodes, collected from the caecum and colon. Based on morphological and molecular analysis digenean trematode Stichorchis subtriquetrus (Rudolphi, 1814) was identified. This is the first record of adult helminth Stichorchis subtriquetrus in beaver in Slovakia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Lazár
- Department of Breeding and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, Ecology and Cynology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Júlia Šmigová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01, Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ľubomír Šmiga
- Department of Breeding and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, Ecology and Cynology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Lazár
- Department of Breeding and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, Ecology and Cynology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Čurlík
- Department of Breeding and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, Ecology and Cynology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ingrid Papajová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan intestinal parasite that causes a significant number of infections worldwide each year, particularly in low-income and developing countries. Despite the availability of treatments for this parasitic infection, treatment failures are alarmingly common. As a result, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to effectively combat this disease. On the other hand, within the eukaryotic nucleus, the nucleolus stands out as the most prominent structure. It plays a crucial role in coordinating ribosome biogenesis and is involved in vital processes such as maintaining genome stability, regulating cell cycle progression, controlling cell senescence, and responding to stress. Given its significance, the nucleolus presents itself as a valuable target for selectively inducing cell death in undesirable cells, making it a potential avenue for anti-Giardia treatments. Despite its potential importance, the Giardia nucleolus remains poorly studied and often overlooked. In light of this, the objective of this study is to provide a detailed molecular description of the structure and function of the Giardia nucleolus, with a primary focus on its involvement in ribosomal biogenesis. Likewise, it discusses the targeting of the Giardia nucleolus as a therapeutic strategy, its feasibility, and the challenges involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Alejandro Lagunas-Rangel
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Hakizimana E, Kim JY, Oh S, Yoon M, Yong TS. Intestinal parasitic infections among children aged 12-59 months in Nyamasheke District, Rwanda. Parasites Hosts Dis 2023; 61:304-309. [PMID: 37648236 PMCID: PMC10471473 DOI: 10.3347/phd.23045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal parasitic infections are a public health burden and a major cause of illness in developing countries. The diseases lead to various health threats, including growth retardation and mental health-related disorders, especially in children. We assessed the risk factors for intestinal parasitic infections among children aged 12-59 months residing in Nyamasheke District, Rwanda. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using secondary data from 1,048 children aged 12-59 months whose stool samples were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites and whose results were registered in the laboratory information system in 2020. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in children aged 12-59 months was 53.2%. The dominant parasites were Ascaris lumbricoides (13.1%), followed by Giardia lamblia (10.9%), Entamoeba histolytica (7.9%), Trichuris trichiura (6.5%), hookworms (1.7%), and Taenia species (1.4%). A significant association was observed between intestinal parasites and the literacy of mothers or children's caregivers (odds ratio (OR)=5.09, P<0.001). Children from farming households were 2.8-fold more likely to contract intestinal parasitic infections than those from nonfarming households (OR=2.8, P<0.001). A significant association was also observed between intestinal parasites and food safety (OR=4.9, P<0.001). Intestinal parasitic infections were significantly associated with hand hygiene practices after using the toilet and washing fresh fruits before eating (P<0.001). The information gathered will help public health providers and partners develop control plans in highly endemic areas in Rwanda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evariste Hakizimana
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,
Korea
- Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722,
Korea
- Kamonyi Health Center, Nyamasheke District, Western Province,
Rwanda
| | - Ju Yeong Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Singeun Oh
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Moonsoo Yoon
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Tai-Soon Yong
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Arthropods of Medical Importance Resource Bank, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722,
Korea
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Peng Y, Liao X, Zhu L, Zhang Y. [Prevalence of parasitic infections in human stool samples from a hospital in Chenzhou City of Hunan Province]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2023; 35:291-293. [PMID: 37455102 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2022211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of parasitic infections in human stool samples from a hospital in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, so as to provide insights into the management of intestinal parasitic diseases. METHODS Stool samples were collected from patients admitted to a hospital in Chenzhou City from September 2020 to March 2021, subjected to physiological saline smearing and microscopy for detection of intestinal parasites. The prevalence of parasitic infections and the species of parasites were descriptively analyzed. RESULTS The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 1.61% in the 10 728 stool samples, and there were 3 samples with mixed infections of two parasite species. A total of seven parasite species were identified, including Blastocystis hominis (162 cases, 1.55%), Giardia lamblia (5 cases, 0.05%), Dientamoeba fragilis (5 cases, 0.05%), Endolimax nana (one case, 0.01%), Iodamoeba bütschlii (one case, 0.01%), Strongyloides stercoralis (one case, 0.01%) and Trichomonas hominis (one case, 0.01%). The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was significantly higher among women than in men (2.14% vs. 1.25%; χ2 = 13.01, P < 0.01), and a high prevalence rate was seen among patients at ages of 20 to 30 years (2.99%) and 80 years and older (2.86%); however, no age-specific prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was detected (χ2 = 12.45, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was low among patients admitted to a hospital in Chenzhou City, and gender-specific prevalence was found. Food-borne and opportunistic parasites were predominant intestinal parasites, including B. hominis, G. lamblia and D. fragilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Peng
- Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China
| | - X Liao
- Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China
| | - L Zhu
- Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Chenzhou First People's Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China
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Getnet T, Alemayehu T, Demeke T, Toru M, Aschale Y. Assessment of prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasite infections among school children at Amber Primary School, Northwest Ethiopia. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221128134. [PMID: 36212233 PMCID: PMC9536104 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221128134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic infections among school children at Amber Primary School, Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Amber Primary School from December 2019 to January 2020. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data and clinical characteristics. Direct wet mount technique was applied for detection and identification of intestinal parasites. RESULT A total of 384 participants were included in this study of which 50.3% were males and 65.4% were in the age group 9-12 years. The prevalence of at least one intestinal parasite was 26.8% (n = 103), of which 13.6% (n = 14) were mixed infections. Hymenolepis nana was the most prevalent intestinal parasite (5.2%) followed by Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (4.9%) and hookworm (4.7%). Male children (adjusted odds ratio = 0.624; 95% confidence interval: 0.392-0.993) and those whose mother completed elementary school (adjusted odds ratio = 2.171; 95% confidence interval: 1.012-4.658) were significantly associated with intestinal parasite infections (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Intestinal parasitic infections remained an important health problem among school children in the study area. Appropriate intervention measures should be taken to reduce the burden and related morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yibeltal Aschale
- Yibeltal Aschale, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Kebele 06, Debre Markos, Amhara 1000, Ethiopia.
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Hedberg-Alm Y, Tydén E, Tamminen LM, Lindström L, Anlén K, Svensson M, Riihimäki M. Clinical features and treatment response to differentiate idiopathic peritonitis from non-strangulating intestinal infarction of the pelvic flexure associated with Strongylus vulgaris infection in the horse. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:149. [PMID: 35461295 PMCID: PMC9034621 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peritonitis in horses secondary to non-strangulating infarction (NSII) has a guarded prognosis, even after intestinal resection. In contrast, horses with idiopathic peritonitis respond well to medical treatment. Affected horses in both cases often show signs of both colic and systemic inflammation, but early diagnosis is crucial for optimal treatment and an accurate prognosis. One cause of NSII is thrombus formation secondary to Strongylus vulgaris larval migration. There has been a documented increase in S. vulgaris prevalence in Sweden since the implementation of selective anthelmintic treatment in 2007, which subsequently could result in a rise in NSII cases. In a retrospective clinical study, medical records from cases diagnosed with NSII of the pelvic flexure or idiopathic peritonitis from three equine referral hospitals in Sweden during 2017–2020 were reviewed. Information including demographic data, relevant medical history, and clinical- and laboratory parameters were obtained from patient records. To facilitate the differentiation between cases of idiopathic peritonitis and cases with confirmed NSII of the pelvic flexure, the aim of the study was to compare clinical and laboratory parameters, clinical progression and initial response to antimicrobial treatment. A secondary aim was to compare survival-rates. Results Horses with NSII (n = 20) were significantly more likely to present during the winter months with a poorer response to medical treatment within 48 h. Cases of idiopathic peritonitis (n = 107) had a 100% survival rate with medical treatment, although one case required surgical correction of a colon displacement. In comparison, all confirmed NSII cases were non-responsive to antimicrobial treatment, with a survival rate to discharge of 50% after colon resection. Specific rectal findings and peripheral blood neutropenia were strongly associated with NSII. Conclusions In Sweden, idiopathic peritonitis cases still predominate over S. vulgaris associated NSII cases and have an excellent survival rate with antimicrobial treatment. However, horses presenting with septic peritonitis during the winter months with a palpable rectal mass and displaying fever and colic signs beyond 48 h of medical treatment are likely to suffer from NSII of the pelvic flexure and should be considered for abdominal surgery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03248-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Hedberg-Alm
- Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Parasitology Unit, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Equine Clinic, University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Eva Tydén
- Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Parasitology Unit, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena-Mari Tamminen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa Lindström
- Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Pathology Unit, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Anlén
- Specialist Equine Hospital, Evidensia Animal Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Maria Svensson
- Equine Clinic, University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miia Riihimäki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Equine Medicine Unit, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Fite MB, Assefa N, Mengiste B. Prevalence and determinants of Anemia among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Arch Public Health 2021; 79:219. [PMID: 34861892 PMCID: PMC8643002 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia is one of the world's leading cause of disability and the most serious global public health issues. This systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out very prudently in order to give up the pooled prevalence and determinants of anemia in Sub-Saharan Africa. METHODOLOGY To carry out this ephemeral systematic review and meta-analysis, a correlated literature review was done from various sources, PubMed Medline and Google Scholar Journals. Anemia related searching engine was used to make the study more evocative and intensive. We used modified Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale for cross sectional studies to evaluate the quality of the study in relations of their inclusion. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was tracked to conduct this study. The pooled effect size was computed using the review manager and Compressive Meta-analysis software. RESULTS Twenty-fife studies, which encompassed 15,061 pregnant women, were chosen for the analysis. From those an overall prevalence of anemia in pregnancy in SSA was 35.6%. However, the result from meta-analysis showed that women who were infected with intestinal parasite were 3.59 times more likely to develop anemia compared to those who were not infected [OR:3.59, 95% CI (2.44,5.28)].The result showed that women who had no iron and folic-acid supplementation were 1.82 times more likely to develop anemia compared to those women who had iron and folic-acid supplementation {OR:1.82, 95% CI (1.22,2.70]. Women who had women were in third trimester pregnancy were 2.37 times more likely to develop anemia compared to those who were in first and second trimester [OR:2.37, 95% CI (1.78, 3.24)]. Women who had low dietary diversity score were 3.59 times more likely to develop anemia compared to those who had high dietary diversity score [OR: 3.59, 95% CI (2.44, 5.28]. CONCLUSIONS Our finding from this systematic review and meta-analysis displays the high case in prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Predictors for this includes: intestinal parasite, iron and folic-acid supplementation, third trimester pregnancy and dietary diversified intake score were statistically correlated positively with anemia in pregnancy. These need cautious evaluation of impact of prevention effort for operational policy, programs and design nutrition intrusions for refining maternal food consumption during pregnancy. Also, dietary education intrusion requires to be prearranged to satisfy the desires of pregnant women. The finding of this work will be used as an evidences for policy makers of Africa; entirely for maternal and child health care. Lastly, we suggested further investigations to be carried out in the area of the study for more rigorous and comprehensive recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Belete Fite
- Department of Public health, Institute of Health Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
| | - Nega Assefa
- Department of Public health, School of public health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bizatu Mengiste
- Department of Public health, School of public health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Hailu GG, Ayele ET. Assessment of the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated habit and culture-related risk factors among primary schoolchildren in Debre Berhan town, Northeast Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:112. [PMID: 33422051 PMCID: PMC7797111 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are still among the major public health issues in developing countries. Assessing the prevalence of IPIs and potential risk factors in different localities is essential to enhance control strategies. To date, no prevalence assessment study was conducted in Debre Berhan town. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of IPIs and associated habit and culture-related risk factors among primary schoolchildren in Debre Berhan town, Northeast Ethiopia. Method School based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2017. A total of 645 children aged 6–15 years were selected from six primary schools in Debre Berhan town via a multistage random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data about sociodemographic and potential risk factor variables. Fresh stool samples were collected from each child and examined using direct smear and formal-ether concentration technique. Result Among the 645 children participated in the study, 341 (52.9%) were infected by one or more intestinal parasites. Helminths (33.8%) were more prevalent than protozoa (20%). Double parasitic infection rate was 0.9%. The predominant parasites were Ascaris lumbricoides (22.6%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii (18.1%) and Hymenolepis nana (5.7%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age of child (6–9 years), family size (above 5), mother’s illiteracy and primary education, father’s illiteracy, urban-farmer father, manual-worker father, not washing hands before eating, unclean fingers, open defecation site (ODS) near residence, latrine type, cultural response to dropped food (cleaning and eating; ‘kiss and replace’), habit of playing with waste water, habit of playing with soil, habit of sucking fingers and habit of eating when playing were significantly associated with IPIs (p< 0.05). Likewise, age (6–9 years), mother’s illiteracy, urban-farmer father, not washing hands before eating, ODS near residence, tradition of cleaning and eating dropped food, habit of playing with soil, sucking fingers and eating when playing were identified as significant risk factors of A. lumbricoides infection. Conclusion High prevalence of IPIs among the study participants demands improvement of environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, and health education regarding the potential habit and culture-related risk factors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-020-10148-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gedamu Gebreamlak Hailu
- Department of Public Health, Medicine and Health Science Institute, College of Health Science, Debre Berhan University, P. O. Box, 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
| | - Esubalew Tesfahun Ayele
- Department of Public Health, Medicine and Health Science Institute, College of Health Science, Debre Berhan University, P. O. Box, 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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Mohan S, Halle-Ekane G, Konje JC. Intestinal parasitic infections in pregnancy - A review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 254:59-63. [PMID: 32942076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal parasitic infections are widespread worldwide and with increased global travel and transport of food, these are not entirely limited to traditionally endemic areas. The prevalence of parasitic infections in endemic areas among pregnant women ranges from 24 to 70 % with approximately 10 % of women having multiple parasites. Pregnancy with its increased nutritional demands and altered immunological defenses is an especially vulnerable time for acquiring parasitic infections, which may be associated with adverse outcomes such as anaemia, which in some cases may even contribute to mortality. The presence of a helminthic infections during pregnancy may also cause immunological effects that can contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality as well as affecting the maternal immune response and immune system function in the baby after birth. Mass administration of anthelminthic drug therapy has been applied in endemic areas but there is inconclusive evidence of its benefit in improving pregnancy outcomes, however, no safety concerns have been highlighted with the use of the recommended drugs for parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruchi Mohan
- Department of Obstetrics, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Gregory Halle-Ekane
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Justin C Konje
- Department of Obstetrics, Sidra Medicine, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
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Stafford K, Kollasch TM, Duncan KT, Horr S, Goddu T, Heinz-Loomer C, Rumschlag AJ, Ryan WG, Sweet S, Little SE. Detection of gastrointestinal parasitism at recreational canine sites in the USA: the DOGPARCS study. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:275. [PMID: 32487211 PMCID: PMC7268625 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid growth in off-leash dog parks provides opportunity for canine socialization activities but carries risk of exposure to intestinal parasites. This study assessed the prevalence of these infections in dogs visiting off-leash dog parks. Methods Fresh defecations were collected from dogs visiting parks in 30 metropolitan areas across the USA. Samples were analyzed by coproantigen immunoassay (CAI) (Fecal Dx® and Giardia Test, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.) and zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation (CF). Owners responded to a questionnaire on their dog’s signalment and use of heartworm/intestinal parasite control medications (HWCM). Results Samples were examined from 3006 dogs, 87.9% aged at least 12 months, visiting 288 parks. At least one intestinal parasite was detected in 622 (20.7%) samples, nematodes in 263 (8.8%), with hookworms, whipworms and ascarids in 7.1, 1.9 and 0.6% of samples, respectively. A sample positive for one or more intestinal parasites was found in 245 (85.1%) parks, with nematodes found in 143 (49.7%). Combined, CAI and CF detected 78.4% more intestinal nematode infections than CF alone. Hookworm and whipworm infections were detected in all age groups, but ascarids were only detected in dogs less than 4 years-old. Approximately 42% of dogs aged less than 1 year were positive for nematodes or Giardia. Based on owner reports, HWCM was current for 68.8% of dogs, dogs previously diagnosed with intestinal parasitism were more likely to be receiving a HWCM than those without such history, and a significantly lower (P = 0.0003) proportion of dogs receiving a HWCM were positive for intestinal nematodes compared with those not on such medication. Conclusions Intestinal parasites, the most common of which were Giardia, Ancylostoma caninum and Trichuris vulpis, were found in 20% of dogs and 85% of dog parks across the USA. Enhanced detection of canine intestinal parasitism was achieved by combining CF and CAI. Canine intestinal parasites are common across the USA and dog health can be improved by regular testing of fecal samples and routine administration of medications effective against the most common infections.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Stafford
- Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Greenfield, IN, 46140, USA
| | - Todd M Kollasch
- Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Greenfield, IN, 46140, USA
| | - Kathryn T Duncan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | | | - Troy Goddu
- IDEXX, 1 IDEXX Dr, Westbrook, ME, 04092, USA
| | | | | | - William G Ryan
- Ryan Mitchell Associates LLC, 16 Stoneleigh Park, Westfield, NJ, USA.
| | - Sarah Sweet
- IDEXX, 1 IDEXX Dr, Westbrook, ME, 04092, USA
| | - Susan E Little
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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Sartorius B, Legge H, Pullan R. Does suboptimal household flooring increase the risk of diarrhoea and intestinal parasite infection in low and middle income endemic settings? A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Syst Rev 2020; 9:113. [PMID: 32434587 PMCID: PMC7240925 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions often fail to show long-term impact on diarrhoeal and/or intestinal parasite risk in many low- and middle-income countries. Less attention has been paid to wider contextual factors that may contribute to high levels of contamination in the domestic environment such as household flooring. The purpose of this study will be to assess the association between diarrhoeal and/or intestinal parasite infection status and unimproved/unfinished flooring in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS We will conduct a comprehensive search of published studies (randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, and observational studies) that examined the association between unimproved/unfinished household flooring and diarrhoeal and/or intestinal parasite infection status from January 1, 1980, onwards with no language restriction. The primary outcome will include diarrhoeal and/or intestinal parasite infection status. Databases to be searched include EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The secondary outcome will be the association between specific pathogens (laboratory confirmed) and unimproved/unfinished household flooring. Independent screening for eligible studies using defined criteria and data extraction will be completed in duplicate and independently. Any discrepancies between the two reviewers will be resolved by consensus and/or arbitration by a third researcher. If data permits, random effects models will be used where appropriate. Subgroup and additional analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity (e.g. age group, geographical region) and potential risk of bias of included studies. DISCUSSION This review will provide a comprehensive examination of a possible association between suboptimal household flooring and increased risk of enteric pathogen infection, highlight gaps for future research in high risk areas, and inform intervention design for future planned studies in Kenya and/or elsewhere in the region. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019156437.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benn Sartorius
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK. .,Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Hugo Legge
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Rachel Pullan
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
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Abebaw A, Alemu G, Ayehu A. Prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors among children from child centres in Bahir Dar city, northwest Ethiopia. Trop Doct 2020; 50:194-198. [PMID: 32380905 DOI: 10.1177/0049475520920161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Data concerning the burden of parasites among populations living in overcrowded circumstances have paramount importance for the success of interventions aimed at eliminating such disease. A cross-sectional study was therefore conducted from February to May 2019 among 217 children at child centres in Bahir Dar city. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and stool samples were processed for parasitological investigation.A total of 53 (24.4%) children were infected with at least a single species of intestinal parasite. Giardia lamblia (7.8%) was the most frequent, followed by Hymenolepis nana (6%). Children with untrimmed fingernails (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.422, P = 0.027) were significantly more prone to infection. Similarly, children with no habit of hand washing after soil contact (AOR = 2.752, P = 0.014) or after defecation (AOR = 3.087, P = 0.026) were significantly associated with parasitic infection. The prevalence of intestinal parasites at child centres in Bahir Dar is of public health importance; therefore, control programmes should target these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynework Abebaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Getaneh Alemu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Animen Ayehu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Alemnew B, Gedefaw G, Alen GD, Bizuneh AD. Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections among food handlers working at higher public University student's cafeterias and public food establishments in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:156. [PMID: 32075585 PMCID: PMC7031974 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-4884-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal infection is still an important public health problem in low-income countries. Food handlers may be infected by a wide range of enteropathogens and have been implicated in the transmission of many infections to the public. Therefore, the aim of this review was to produce the pooled prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections among food handlers working at higher public University student's cafeterias and public food establishments in Ethiopia. METHODS Articles published in PubMed/Medline, Hinari, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were used using a search strategy. Observational studies (cross-sectional) revealing the prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections at higher public University student's cafeterias and public food establishments were incorporated. Meta-analysis was computed using STATA version 14 statistical software. Heterogeneity of the study was assessed using Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 test. The pooled prevalence of the intestinal parasitic infection and associated factors among food handlers was calculated by the random-effect model. RESULTS Out of 138 reviewed studies, 18 studies were included to estimate the pooled prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among food handlers in Ethiopia. All the eighteen articles were included in the analysis. This study revealed that the pooled prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 28.5% (95% CI: 27.4, 29.7). E. hystolitica /E. dispar complex 6.38 (95% Cl: 5.73, 7.04), A.lumbricodes 4.12 (95% Cl: 3.56, 4.67), and G. lamblia 3.12(95% Cl: 2.65, 3.60) were the most common intestinal parasitic infections in this study. Untrimmed fingernail 3.04 (95% CI: 2.19, 4.22), do not washing hands after defecation 2.71 (95% CI: 1.93, 3.82), do not washing hands after touching any body parts 2.41 (95% CI: 1.64, 3.56), do not made medical checkup 2.26 (95% CI: 1.57, 3.25), and do not receive food safety training 1.79 (95% CI: 1.30, 2.45) were factors significantly and positively associated with intestinal parasitic infections. CONCLUSION Parasitic infections among food handlers were significantly high. Untrimmed fingernail, do not washing hands after defecation, do not washing hands after touching any body parts, do not made regular medical checkup and do not receive food safety training were factors that increase the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birhan Alemnew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P.O.Box:400, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Getnet Gedefaw
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P.O.Box:400, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Gedefaw Diress Alen
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P.O.Box:400, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Asmamaw Demis Bizuneh
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P.O.Box:400, Woldia, Ethiopia.
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Ameya G, Zerdo Z, Tesfaye M, Jabesa C, Awaje A, Dejene K, Shika P, Eshetu M. Intestinal parasite infections and associated factors among inmates of Arba Minch prison, southern Ethiopia: cross sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:1086. [PMID: 31888496 PMCID: PMC6937967 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal parasitic infection is one of the parasitic infections affecting people living in prison. Helminths and intestinal protozoan infections are the most common parasitic infection that may cause serious life-threatening diseases in inmates living in developing countries. This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) among inmates living in Arba Minch prison, southern Ethiopia. Methods Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted on Arba Minch inmates, southern Ethiopian. Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather the data of socio-demographic characteristics, hygiene status of the prisoners, sanitation condition of the prison, and associated factors for IPIs by face to face interview. Direct wet-mount examination and formol-ether sedimentation techniques were used to examine intestinal parasitic infection from stool specimens. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to see the association between different variables and the IPI. Odds ratio with 95% CI was computed to determine the presence association and strength of the associated factors. Result A total of 320 prisoners were participated in this study. Of these, 154(48.1%) of them were infected with one or more intestinal parasites. Eight different intestinal parasites species were identified and Giardia lamblia was the predominant parasite. Among infected inmates, nearly one out of four of them had multiple parasitic infections dominated by Giardia lamblia and E. histolytica/dispar co-infection. Sleeping in group [AOR = 1.9; 95% CI: (1.0–3.8)], married prisoners [AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: (1.1–2.9)], and hand washing habits after handling soil [AOR = 2.4; 95% CI: (1.0–5.6)] were independently associated with IPI. Conclusion High prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was detected in Arba Minch inmates, southern Ethiopian. Absence of hand washing, marital status, and way of sleeping were the factors associated with the IPI. Implementation of mass drug administration, education on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and periodic screening of intestinal parasitic infection is very important to reduce the high prevalence IPIs in prison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemechu Ameya
- Department of medical laboratory sciences, College of medicine and health sciences, Kotebe Metropolitan University, P.O. Box: 31248, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Zerihun Zerdo
- Department of medical laboratory sciences, College of medicine and health sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Mihret Tesfaye
- Department of medical laboratory sciences, College of medicine and health sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Chimdo Jabesa
- Department of Medical laboratory Science, Hiwot Fana specialized referral hospital, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abayneh Awaje
- Department of Medical laboratory Science, Shone Primary Hospital, Shone, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleb Dejene
- Department of Medical laboratory Science, Sawla General Hospital, Sawla, Ethiopia
| | - Petros Shika
- Department of Medical laboratory Science, Chire Primary Hospital, Chire Kanama, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Eshetu
- Department of Medical laboratory Science, Semera Health Center, Semera, Afar, Ethiopia
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Cociancic P, Torrusio SE, Zonta ML, Navone GT. Risk factors for intestinal parasitoses among children and youth of Buenos Aires, Argentina. One Health 2020; 9:100116. [PMID: 31872035 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intestinal parasitoses affect millions of people worldwide, especially children of developing countries. In Argentina, the prevalence of these infections varies among areas according to socio-economic and climatic variability. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitoses and risk factors in child and youth populations from neighbourhoods of La Plata (Buenos Aires province, Argentina) affected by occasional floods, including a serious flood in 2013. Methods Serial stool samples and anal swabs of 398 individuals were processed using techniques of sedimentation and flotation. Socio-economic variables were surveyed using a semi-structured questionnaire and the land use/cover was determined by classification of a satellite image. Results Of all examined individuals, 70.9% were parasitized by at least one of the 12 parasites identified. The most prevalent species were Blastocystis sp. (42.7%), Enterobius vermicularis (34.7%) and Giardia lamblia (17.6%). Infection risk factors included houses built with makeshift materials and dirt floors; lack of piped water and public waste collection service, bed-sharing and living in the non-urban area. >70.3% of the participants that lived within <200 m from watercourses or permanent water bodies were parasitized. Conclusion This research shows that parasitic infections are still a serious public health problem and that they are strongly associated with socio-economic conditions and land use/cover. In this context, studies focused on One Health strategy are need to ensure the diagnosis and surveillance of parasitosis and to tackle zoonotic diseases as well as to encourage the development of sanitary and educational programs sustainable over time.
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Ayelgn M, Worku L, Ferede G, Wondimeneh Y. A 5 year retrospective analysis of common intestinal parasites at Poly Health Center, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:697. [PMID: 31653235 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Intestinal parasites are present throughout the world in varying degrees of prevalence due to many factors. The aim of this study was to determine the 5-year trend prevalence of intestinal prevalence among patients who had been suspected for intestinal parasite infections. A retrospective study was conducted from 2009 to 2013 at Poly Health Center Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Samples were examined using direct saline wet mount methods. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20 software and a P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results were presented in tables and graphs. Results During the study period, a total of 13,329 stool samples were requested for intestinal parasite diagnose and 5510 (41.3%) laboratory-confirmed cases were reported with a fluctuating trend. Ten different parasites were reported in each year with Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (16.8%) being the predominant parasite followed by Giardia lamblia (11.4%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (6.7%). Both males (49%) and females (51%) were equally affected (P = 0.14). The intestinal parasite was reported in all age groups in the area but the highest and the lowest prevalence were reported in age groups of 20–29 years and 40–49 years, respectively (26.5% vs 6.4%) (P < 0.001).
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Daghigh A, Grüner JM, Mørup P. Intestinal FDG-PET/CT imaging of an Eritrean with schistosomiasis seen in Denmark. Eur J Hybrid Imaging 2019; 3:17. [PMID: 34191162 PMCID: PMC8218080 DOI: 10.1186/s41824-019-0064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis is one of the most common parasitic diseases in subtropical and tropical areas and still is considered of public health significance. This disease affects about 200 million people around the world. Intestinal schistosomiasis is mainly diagnosed by parasitological, serological, and molecular methods. Case presentation A 36-year-old Eritrean man who had lived in Denmark for the past 3 years presented to the hospital with 4 months’ history of abdominal pain, back pain, and weight loss of 12 kg. He underwent 18F-FDG-PET/CT scanning. The scan findings were consistent with schistosomiasis, which were confirmed by serological and pathological tests. Conclusion PET/CT is a common modality neither to detect schistosomes nor to diagnose schistosomiasis. A presumptive diagnosis can be made based on coincidence of high FDG uptake in visceral lymph nodes below the diaphragm and in relation to abdominal viscera, travel history suggestive of schistosome infection, and exclusion of other causes of abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Daghigh
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600, Køge, Denmark.
| | - Julie Marie Grüner
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600, Køge, Denmark
| | - Peter Mørup
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600, Køge, Denmark
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Greige S, El Safadi D, Khaled S, Gantois N, Baydoun M, Chemaly M, Benamrouz-Vanneste S, Chabé M, Osman M, Certad G, Hamze M, Viscogliosi E. First report on the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. in dairy cattle in Lebanon and assessment of zoonotic transmission. Acta Trop 2019; 194:23-29. [PMID: 30878470 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is frequently identified in a wide range of animal hosts, including bovids. Because of its burden and zoonotic potential, this parasite has been sought in domestic cattle from various countries, since this livestock may also represent a possible reservoir of human infection. However, epidemiological data regarding the prevalence and ST distribution of Blastocystis sp. in this animal group is lacking in Lebanon. Therefore, faecal samples were collected from a total of 254 dairy cattle raised on 55 farms located in the North Lebanon region and screened for the presence of the parasite by quantitative real-time PCR. The overall prevalence of Blastocystis sp. was shown to reach 63.4% in cattle livestock. Sequence analysis of positive samples indicated the presence of seven STs, with predominance of ST10 (44.0%) and ST14 (36.8%) and lower proportions of ST2 (8.0%), ST1 (7.2%), ST5 (2.4%), ST3 and ST7 (0.8% each). This survey was the first conducted worldwide reporting ST2 and ST7 in domestic cattle and confirmed that ST10 and ST14 represent cattle-adapted STs in view of their high prevalence. Faecal samples from in-contact dairy farmers and patients hospitalised in the same Lebanese governorate who reported no contact with cattle livestock were also analysed for the presence of Blastocystis sp. The same three STs were identified in both human cohorts, with predominance of ST3, followed either by ST1 or ST2 depending of the group. No other STs, including ST10 or ST14, have been reported. Moreover, even though ST1, ST2 and ST3 were found to be common to dairy cattle and farmers cohorts, only one ST3 isolate showed 100% sequence identity between both hosts. Consequently, the presence and low prevalence of ST1, ST2, ST3, ST5 and ST7 identified herein in domestic cattle, most of which exhibit low host specificity, could be derived from occasional direct exposure to faecal material from human and non-human hosts or by ingestion of contaminated drinking water or food in the enclosure of the farms. Together with the absence of ST10 and ST14 in the human population, these data suggest that cattle play a negligible role as zoonotic reservoirs of Blastocystis sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Greige
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Rue Mitein, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Dima El Safadi
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Rue Mitein, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Salma Khaled
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Rue Mitein, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Nausicaa Gantois
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Martha Baydoun
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Marianne Chemaly
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne-Loire University, Ploufragan, France
| | - Sadia Benamrouz-Vanneste
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Magali Chabé
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, 59019 Lille Cedex, France
| | - Marwan Osman
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Rue Mitein, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Gabriela Certad
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, 59019 Lille Cedex, France; Département de la Recherche Médicale, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, Faculté de Médecine et Maïeutique, Université Catholique de Lille, 51 Boulevard de Belfort, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Rue Mitein, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, 59019 Lille Cedex, France.
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Mekonnen HS, Ekubagewargies DT. Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasites among under-five children attending Woreta Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:256. [PMID: 30866833 PMCID: PMC6417120 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental, social, geographical, and other factors could affect the distribution of intestinal parasites. Parasitic infections would impose on health and social problems like mal-absorption, diarrhea, impaired work capacity, and reduced growth rate. However, there is a scarcity of information regarding the prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors in the study area. Methods Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 310 study participants from April–May, 2017. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. EPI Info version 7 and SPSS version 20 were used to enter and analyze the data. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were computed. In multivariate analysis, variables with P-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results In this study, the mean age of participants was 29.25 Months. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 18.7% (95% CI = 14.4–23.3). Children who rarely feed fresh meal (AOR = 7.74, 95% CI: 1.61, 7.84), Children whose nails were sometimes trimmed (AOR = 3.41, 95% CI: 2.20–10.28), children who had no clean playing ground (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.25–5.18), and children who had open defecation of the family (AOR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.27–10.86) were significantly associated with intestinal parasitic infections. Among the intestinal parasites, 31(53.5%) were G.lamblia (Giardia lamblia) and 21(36.2%) were E. histolytica/E. dispar/E. moshkovskii. Conclusion In this study, the prevalence of intestinal parasites was found low compared with the WHO annual or biannual population prevalence and treatment. However, strengthening of health education about food, personal and environmental hygiene of both children and mothers/guardians is crucial to limit the transmission. Besides, improving mothers/guardian awareness about the mode of intestinal parasites transmission is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Sewunet Mekonnen
- Department of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Daniale Tekelia Ekubagewargies
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Feleke BE, Jember TH. Prevalence of helminthic infections and determinant factors among pregnant women in Mecha district, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:373. [PMID: 30081837 PMCID: PMC6080381 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal parasites are the most common infections in developing countries. Prevalence and impacts of these parasites are high in pregnant women. The aims of this study were to determine prevalence of helminthic infection and evaluate the determinant factors during pregnancy. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Mecha district from November 2015 to January 2016. The data were collected by interview technique and collecting the stool sample from each pregnant woman. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used. Results A total of 783 pregnant women were included. The prevalence of intestinal parasite among pregnant women was 70.6% [95% CI 67 -74%]. Ascaris lumbricoides (32.7%) was the predominant intestinal parasite species. Intestinal parasitic infection were 2.94 folds higher in the absence of latrine (AOR: 2.94 [95% CI: 1.5–5.8]). Absence of regular hand washing habit increase the odds of infection by 3.33 folds higher (AOR: 3.33 [95% CI: 1.54–7.14]). Not wearing shoe increased the odds of helminthic infection by 6.87 folds higher (AOR: 6.87 [95% CI: 3.67–12.9]). Illiteracy increases the odds of intestinal parasitic infection by 2.32 folds higher (AOR: 2.32 [95% CI: 1.04–5.26]). Ingestion of raw vegetables increases the odds of intestinal parasitic infection by 2.65 folds higher (AOR: 2.65 [95% CI: 3.23–9.9]). The odds of intestinal parasitic infection were higher in rural areas (AOR: 2 [95% CI: 5–10]). Intestinal parasitic infection was higher in women aged less than 21 years (AOR: 6.48 [95% CI: 2.91–14.4]). Conclusion The prevalence of helminthic infection is high in this study. Latrine utilization, hand washing habit, eating raw vegetables and bare foot were the major determinant factors for the high prevalence. Therefore, health education and improvements in sanitary infrastructure could achieve long-term and sustainable reductions in helminth prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhanu Elfu Feleke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Bahir Dar, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
| | - Tadesse Hailu Jember
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Greige S, El Safadi D, Bécu N, Gantois N, Pereira B, Chabé M, Benamrouz-Vanneste S, Certad G, El Hage R, Chemaly M, Hamze M, Viscogliosi E. Prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. isolates from poultry in Lebanon and evidence of zoonotic potential. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:389. [PMID: 29973261 PMCID: PMC6030734 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blastocystis sp. is a common protozoan parasite frequently identified in the digestive tract of humans and a large variety of animal hosts worldwide, including birds. It exhibits a large genetic diversity with the identification of 17 subtypes (STs), most of them with low host specificity. ST6 and ST7 were identified in birds and suggested to represent avian STs only in the context of scarce small-scale epidemiological surveys. Moreover, these two STs also account for a significant proportion of human infections whose zoonotic origin has never been clearly confirmed. Therefore, molecular screening of Blastocystis sp. was conducted by quantitative real-time PCR for fecal samples from poultry farms and their in-contact humans from slaughterhouses in Lebanon. In parallel, a control group consisting of patients hospitalized in the same geographical area and reporting no contact with poultry was also screened for the presence of the parasite. RESULTS The overall prevalence of Blastocystis sp. was shown to reach around 32% in chicken samples and 65% in the farms screened. All the avian isolates were subtyped and belonged to either ST6 or ST7, with a large predominance of ST6. Fifty-four percent of slaughterhouse staff members were positive for Blastocystis sp. compared with a similar prevalence of 56% in hospitalized patients. ST3 was predominant in both human cohorts followed by either ST1 then ST2 among slaughterhouse staff or by ST2 then ST1 among hospitalized patients. ST6 was also identified in two slaughterhouse workers and not in the group of hospitalized patients. Gene sequence identity was observed between chicken and human ST6 isolates from the same slaughterhouse. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed a high prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in chicken samples and confirmed that ST6 and ST7 represented avian-adapted STs. Among both human cohorts, Blastocystis sp. infection was shown to exceed 50% with a predominance of ST3. The identification of ST6 in slaughterhouse staff members confirmed the zoonotic transmission of this ST through repeated and direct contact between chickens and their handlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Greige
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.,Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Dima El Safadi
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Noémie Bécu
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nausicaa Gantois
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Unité de Biostatistiques, Direction de la Recherche Clinique (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Magali Chabé
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sadia Benamrouz-Vanneste
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.,Laboratoire Ecologie et Biodiversité, Faculté de Gestion Economie et Sciences, Institut Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gabriela Certad
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.,Département de la Recherche Médicale, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, Faculté de Médecine et Maïeutique, Université Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Rima El Hage
- Institut de Recherche Agronomique Libanais (IRAL), Laboratoire de Microbiologie Alimentaire, Station de Fanar, Jdeideh El-Metn, Lebanon
| | - Marianne Chemaly
- ANSES, Laboratoire de Ploufragan - Plouzané, Unité Hygiène et qualité des produits avicoles et porcins, Université Bretagne-Loire, Ploufragan, France
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et de Technologie, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France.
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Alemu M, Kinfe B, Tadesse D, Mulu W, Hailu T, Yizengaw E. Intestinal parasitosis and anaemia among patients in a Health Center, North Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:632. [PMID: 29183355 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the magnitude of intestinal parasitosis and anaemia in a Health Center, North Ethiopia. Results A total of 427 outpatients were enrolled and the median age of the participants was 22 years. The prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was 143 (33.5%). Age, place of residence and occupation were significantly associated with intestinal parasitosis. When we see parasite specific factors, significant associations were observed for source of drinking water (P = 0.02), age (P < 0.001) and family size (P = 0.003), respectively with Entameba histolytica, Hookworm and Giardia lamblia infections. The overall prevalence of anaemia was 35 (8.2%). The mean haemoglobin concentration among the study participants was 12.8 mg/dl. The highest prevalence of anemia was recorded for the age group of 15–19 years (29.6%). The proportion of anemia among intestinal parasite -infected and non-infected participants was 10.7 and 7.0%, respectively. Study participants infected with S. stercoralis and hookworm were more likely to develop anaemia than the non- infected ones; AOR (adjusted odds ratio) = 5.3, 95% CI (1.01–27.4); P = 0.028 and AOR = 11.1, 95% CI (3.36–36.9); P = 0.000, respectively. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-017-2957-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Hailegebriel T. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among students at Dona Berber primary school, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:362. [PMID: 28535750 PMCID: PMC5442677 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal parasitic infections are still one of the major health concerns in developing countries. Monitoring of intestinal parasitic infection and associated risk factors are essential for intervention strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and associated risk factors among students at Dona Berber primary school, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. METHODS School based cross-sectional study was conducted among students at Dona Berber primary school from October 2015 to June 2016. Three hundred fifty nine students were involved in the study by providing stool specimens and detailed personal information. Students were selected by stratified and systematic random sampling method. Fresh stool samples were collected from each student and processed by formal-ether fecal concentration technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 statistical software and p value <0.05 were used as statistically significant. RESULTS Among the 359 students participated in the study, 235 (65.5%) were infected by one or more intestinal parasites. The rates of single and double parasitic infections among students were 49.6% and 16.2%, respectively. The most prevalent parasite detected in the study was E. histolytica/dispar (24.5%) followed by hookworm (22.8%). Among the different variables assessed in the study, family size of 6 (AOR = 4.90; 95% CI, 2.03-11.83), irregularly shoe wearing habit (AOR = 2.85; 95% CI, 1.53-5.32) and unclean finger nail (AOR = 3.68; 95% CI, 1.87-7.26) were independently predict intestinal parasitic infections. Student drinking well water (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI, 2.30-4.86) and unclean finger nail (AOR = 4.42; 95% CI, 2.55-7.65) were strongly associated with E. histolytica/dispar infection. Likewise, irregular shoe wearing habit (AOR = 14.13; 95% CI, 7.06-28.29) was strongly associated with hookworm infections. CONCLUSION High prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among the study participants demands improvement of health education, environmental sanitation and quality of water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamirat Hailegebriel
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
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Bekele F, Tefera T, Biresaw G, Yohannes T. Parasitic contamination of raw vegetables and fruits collected from selected local markets in Arba Minch town, Southern Ethiopia. Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:19. [PMID: 28264707 PMCID: PMC5340032 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One way that people get infected with intestinal parasites is through the consumption of contaminated vegetables and fruits. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and predictors of parasitic contamination of fruits and vegetables collected from four local markets in Arba Minch town, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 to 21 September 2014 to determine the level of parasitic contamination of fruits and vegetables sold in Arba Minch town. A total of 360 samples of different types of fruits and vegetables were soaked in physiological saline, followed by vigorous shaking with the aid of a mechanical shaker for 15 minutes and then examined using the sedimentation concentration technique. Results Out of the 360 samples examined, 196 (54.4%) were contaminated with at least one type of parasite. Ascaris lumbricoides (20.83%) was the most frequently detected parasite and Isospora belli (3.06%) was the least frequently detected one. It was also observed that decreased parasitic contamination was significantly associated with washing the products before displaying it for selling (P < 0.001). Conclusions The findings of this study provide evidence that there is a potentially high risk of acquiring parasitic infections from the consumption of raw vegetables and fruits in Arba Minch, Ethiopia. The authors believe that an effort should be made by the relevant bodies to reduce the rate of contamination of products with medically important parasites by educating the vendors and the community. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0226-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitsum Bekele
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, P.O. Box 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
| | - Tamirat Tefera
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Gelila Biresaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences and Medicine Arba Minch University, P.O. Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegaye Yohannes
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences and Medicine Arba Minch University, P.O. Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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HEMMATI N, RAZMJOU E, HASHEMI-HAFSHEJANI S, MOTEVALIAN A, AKHLAGHI L, MEAMAR AR. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Human Intestinal Parasites in Roudehen, Tehran Province, Iran. Iran J Parasitol 2017; 12:364-373. [PMID: 28979346 PMCID: PMC5623916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal parasitic infections are among the most common infections and health problems worldwide. Due to the lack of epidemiologic information of such infections, the prevalence of, and the risk factors for, enteric parasites were investigated in residents of Roudehen, Tehran Province, Iran. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 561 triple fecal samples were collected through a two-stage cluster-sampling protocol from Jun to Dec 2014. The samples were examined by formalin-ether concentration, culture, and with molecular methods. RESULTS The prevalence of enteric parasites was 32.7% (95% CI 27.3-38). Blastocystis sp. was the most common intestinal protozoan (28.4%; 95% CI 23.7-33.0). The formalin-ether concentration and culture methods detected Blastocystis sp., Entamoeba coli, Giardia intestinalis, Dientamoeba fragilis, Iodamoeba butschlii, Entamoeba complex cysts or trophozoite, Chilomastix mesnilii, and Enterobius vermicularis. Single-round PCR assay for Entamoeba complex were identified Entamoeba dispar and E. moshkovskii. E. histolytica was not observed in any specimen. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association of parasites with water source and close animal contact. There was no correlation between infections and gender, age, occupation, education, or travel history. Protozoan infections were more common than helminth infections. CONCLUSION This study revealed a high prevalence of enteric protozoan parasite infection among citizens of Rodehen. As most of the species detected are transmitted through a water-resistant cyst, public and individual education on personal hygiene should be considered to reduce transmission of intestinal parasites in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin HEMMATI
- Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham RAZMJOU
- Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence Emails:
| | - Saeideh HASHEMI-HAFSHEJANI
- Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas MOTEVALIAN
- Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lameh AKHLAGHI
- Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza MEAMAR
- Dept. of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence Emails:
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El Safadi D, Cian A, Nourrisson C, Pereira B, Morelle C, Bastien P, Bellanger AP, Botterel F, Candolfi E, Desoubeaux G, Lachaud L, Morio F, Pomares C, Rabodonirina M, Wawrzyniak I, Delbac F, Gantois N, Certad G, Delhaes L, Poirier P, Viscogliosi E. Prevalence, risk factors for infection and subtype distribution of the intestinal parasite Blastocystis sp. from a large-scale multi-center study in France. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:451. [PMID: 27566417 PMCID: PMC5002209 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blastocystis sp. is the most common intestinal parasite of humans. Despite its potential public health impact, epidemiological data regarding the prevalence and molecular subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. in Europe are rarely reported. Therefore, the first multi-center epidemiological survey performed in Europe was conducted in France to diagnose and subtype Blastocystis sp. and to identify risk factors for infection. Methods Stool samples from 788 patients were collected either in summer or winter in 11 hospitals throughout France together with patient data. All stool samples were tested for the presence of Blastocystis sp. by quantitative PCR targeting the SSU rDNA gene. Positive samples were sequenced to determine the distribution of the subtypes in our cohort. Statistical analyses were performed to identify potential risk factors for infection. Results Using quantitative PCR, the overall prevalence of Blastocystis sp. was shown to reach 18.1 %. The prevalence was significantly higher in summer (23.2 %) than in winter (13.7 %). Travellers or subjects infected with other enteric parasites were significantly more infected by Blastocystis sp. than non-travellers or subjects free of other enteric parasites, respectively. Different age-related epidemiological patterns were also highlighted from our data. The prevalence of Blastocystis sp. was not significantly higher in patients with digestive symptoms or diagnosed with chronic bowel diseases. Among symptomatic patients, Blastocystis sp. infection was significantly associated with abdominal pain. Gender, socioeconomic status, and immune status were not identified as potential risk factors associated with infection. Among a total of 141 subtyped isolates, subtype 3 was predominant (43.3 %), followed by subtype 1 and subtype 4 (20 %), subtype 2 (12.8 %), subtype 6 and subtype 7 (2.1 %). No association between ST and clinical symptoms was statistically evidenced. Conclusions A high prevalence of Blastocystis sp. infection was found in our French patient population. Seasonal impact on the prevalence of Blastocystis sp. was highlighted and recent travels and age were identified as main risk factors for infection. Most cases were caused by subtypes 1 to 4, with a predominance of subtype 3. Large variations in both prevalence and ST distribution between hospitals were also observed, suggesting distinct reservoirs and transmission sources of the parasite. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1776-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima El Safadi
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, 59019, Lille cedex, France
| | - Amandine Cian
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, 59019, Lille cedex, France
| | - Céline Nourrisson
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne - CNRS UMR 6023 Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Unité de Biostatistiques, Direction de la Recherche Clinique (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Morelle
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5290/IRD 224/UM1, Université de Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Bastien
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5290/IRD 224/UM1, Université de Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Françoise Botterel
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, AP-HP Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Ermanno Candolfi
- Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Desoubeaux
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie-Médecine Tropicale, CHU de Tours/CEPR Inserm U1100 Equipe 3, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Laurence Lachaud
- Département de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine de Montpellier-Nîmes, Université de Montpellier I, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Florent Morio
- Département de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Institut de Biologie, CHU de Nantes, EA1155-IICiMed, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Christelle Pomares
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie CHU de Nice, C3M INSERM U1065, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | | | - Ivan Wawrzyniak
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne - CNRS UMR 6023 Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Delbac
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne - CNRS UMR 6023 Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nausicaa Gantois
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, 59019, Lille cedex, France
| | - Gabriela Certad
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, 59019, Lille cedex, France
| | - Laurence Delhaes
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, 59019, Lille cedex, France.,Département de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Poirier
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne - CNRS UMR 6023 Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, 59019, Lille cedex, France.
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Kunwar R, Acharya L, Karki S. Decreasing prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among school-aged children in Nepal: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2016; 110:324-32. [PMID: 27268711 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trw033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last two decades there have been several studies describing the prevalence of intestinal parasites in Nepal; however, there is a lack of surveillance data in the country. METHODS We searched literature in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar and local peer-reviewed journals published from 1990 to 2015 for studies describing prevalence of intestinal parasites among school-aged children. We conducted meta-regression to understand the trend over time and pooled the prevalence using 'metaprop' command in STATA 12.1. RESULTS Thirty-one studies examining 12 080 fecal specimens were included. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections showed a significantly decreasing trend (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.43-0.73 for each consecutive 5 years) and was similar in males and females. The pooled prevalence in years 1996-2000, 2001-2005, 2006-2010 and 2011-2015 was 61.1% (95% CI 51.47-70.26), 53.2% (95% CI 20.94-83.99), 32.7% (95% CI 26.57-39.21) and 20.4% (95% CI 15.04-26.25), respectively. The proportion of helminths among total intestinal parasites was higher in rural areas 57.6% (95% CI 43.54-71.61), and proportion of protozoa among total intestinal parasites was higher in urban areas 68.4% (95% CI 63.23-73.62). Poly-parasitism was observed in 7.7% (95% CI 5.57-9.73) of children. CONCLUSION We observed a significantly decreasing trend in prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among school-aged children in Nepal over the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Kunwar
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Australia
| | | | - Surendra Karki
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Australia
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Amiri SAN, Rahimi MT, Mahdavi SA, Moosazadeh M, Ramzani O, Koshk AF, Rosbehan R, Siyadatpanah SA. Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection among preschool children, Babol, North of Iran. J Parasit Dis 2016; 40:1558-1562. [PMID: 27876982 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-015-0727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterobius vermicularis or pinworm, is considered as one of the most frequently encountered intestinal nematodes and infects millions of people throughout the world particularly children. Some symptoms of the infection including Anal itching, restlessness, insomnia, endometritis, abdominal cramps, diarrhea and etc. The purpose of the present study was to determine the status of enterobiasis in kindergarten and preschool children of kindergartens from Amir Kola, Babol Mazandaran Province, North of Iran. A total number of 126 (70 boys and 56 girls) children from four kindergartens from Amir Kola, Babol, Mazandaran Province, North of Iran were examined for the prevalence of E. vermicularis infection, 2013. Adhesive cello-tape anal swab method was trained to parents for sampling. In addition, a questionnaire was designed and filled out to collect demographic information for each individual. Data were analyzed using Chi square test and multivariate logistic regression for each risk factor. The overall prevalence of E. vermicularis infection was 22.2 % (28). Infection with E. vermicularis in girls 23.2 % was higher compared to boys 21.4 %. Regarding age of examined individuals, infection was seen more both in boys and girls with the age of 6 years old compared to other age groups. There was no significant difference between gender and age (p < 0.05). Based on the results of current study, prevalence of E. vermicularis in kindergarten and preschool children is high and still is an important public health matter in the north of Iran and should not be underestimated due to being highly contagious infection. Therefore, a systematic control and preventive measures should be adopted to reduce morbidity associated with enterobiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Norbakhsh Amiri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Rahimi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Centre, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seif Ali Mahdavi
- Amol Faculty of Paramedics, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Omid Ramzani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Farrokhi Koshk
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Rosbehan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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GUPTA R, MAURYA R, SAXENA AM. Two New Species of the Genus Pallisentis Van Cleave, 1928 (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) from the Intestine of Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793) from the River Gomti at Lucknow, India. Iran J Parasitol 2015; 10:116-21. [PMID: 25904954 PMCID: PMC4403530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acanthocephalans are fish parasites of worldwide distribution, penetrate their thorny proboscis into the intestinal wall of host and absorb nutrients. No diagnostic tool is available except postmortem investigations and identification by parasitologists. The aim of present study was to explore and assign taxonomical status to Pallisentis species prevalent in food fishes of river Gomti, Lucknow, India. METHODS A survey of fishes of river Gomti was carried out during the year 2011-2013. Acanthocephalans recovered from the intestine of Channa punctatus were kept in refrigerator for eversion of proboscis, fixed in A.F.A. fixative (50% alcohol, formalin and acetic acid in ratio of 100: 6: 2.5) for 24 hours further preserved in 70% ethanol. Camera Lucida diagrams of acetoalum carmine stained permanent mounts were made for morphometric studies. RESULTS Two new species of genus Pallisentis were identified and named as P. channai n. sp. and P. vinodai n. sp., their taxonomical status is based on major characters of proboscis hooks, spines of collar and trunk region, cement gland nuclei. On average 9 fishes were found infected with Pallisentis spp. out of 60 fishes examined randomly. CONCLUSION Pallisentis spp. are important parasitic infection in Channidae fishes with the prevalence rate of 15%. Two new species of Pallisentis recognized from Channa punctatus of river Gomti, Lucknow, India and diagnostic features of genus are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul GUPTA
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow-226028, India
| | - Ramakant MAURYA
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Murari SAXENA
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, Uttar Pradesh, India,Correspondence
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Kheirandish F, Tarahi MJ, Haghighi A, Nazemalhosseini- Mojarad E, Kheirandish M. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in bakery workers in khorramabad, lorestan iran. Iran J Parasitol 2011; 6:76-83. [PMID: 22347316 PMCID: PMC3279910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food contamination may occur through production, processing, distribution and preparation. In Iran especially in Khorramabad, 33° 29' 16" North, 48° 21' 21" East, due to kind of nutrition, culture and economic status of people, bread is a part of the main meal and the consumption of bread is high. In this study, the bakery workers were studied for determining of intestinal parasites prevalence. METHODS The study was carried out during September to November 2010 in Khorramabad. All the 278 bakeries and the bakery workers including 816 people were studied in a census method and their feces were examined for the presence of parasites by direct wet-mount, Lugol's iodine solution, and formaldehyde-ether sedimentation, trichrome staining, and single round PCR (For discrimination of Entamoeba spp). RESULTS Ninety-six (11.9%) stool specimens were positive for different intestinal parasites. Intestinal parasites included Giardia lamblia 3.7%, Entamoeba coli 5.5%, Blastocystis sp. 2.1%, Entamoeba dispar 0.4%, Hymenolepis nana 0.1%, and Blastocystis sp. 0.1%. CONCLUSION In order to reduce the contamination in these persons, some cases such as stool exam every three months with concentration methods, supervision and application of accurate health rules by health experts, training in transmission of parasites are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kheirandish
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran,Corresponding author: Tel/Fax: +98 661 6200133, E-mail:
| | - MJ Tarahi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Haghighi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University, M.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - E Nazemalhosseini- Mojarad
- Department of Foodborne & Diarrhea Disease, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University, M.C., Tehran, Iran
| | - M Kheirandish
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics & Pharmaceutical Management, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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