1
|
Chen J, Dai XY, Zhao BC, Xu XW, Kang JX, Xu YR, Li JL. Role of the GLP2-Wnt1 axis in silicon-rich alkaline mineral water maintaining intestinal epithelium regeneration in piglets under early-life stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:126. [PMID: 38470510 PMCID: PMC10933158 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Stress-induced intestinal epithelial injury (IEI) and a delay in repair in infancy are predisposing factors for refractory gut diseases in adulthood, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Hence, it is necessary to develop appropriate mitigation methods for mammals when experiencing early-life stress (ELS). Weaning, as we all know, is a vital procedure that all mammalian newborns, including humans, must go through. Maternal separation (MS) stress in infancy (regarded as weaning stress in animal science) is a commonly used ELS paradigm. Drinking silicon-rich alkaline mineral water (AMW) has a therapeutic effect on enteric disease, but the specific mechanisms involved have not been reported. Herein, we discover the molecular mechanism by which silicon-rich AMW repairs ELS-induced IEI by maintaining intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and differentiation through the glucagon-like peptide (GLP)2-Wnt1 axis. Mechanistic study showed that silicon-rich AMW activates GLP2-dependent Wnt1/β-catenin pathway, and drives ISC proliferation and differentiation by stimulating Lgr5+ ISC cell cycle passage through the G1-S-phase checkpoint, thereby maintaining intestinal epithelial regeneration and IEI repair. Using GLP2 antagonists (GLP23-33) and small interfering RNA (SiWnt1) in vitro, we found that the GLP2-Wnt1 axis is the target of silicon-rich AMW to promote intestinal epithelium regeneration. Therefore, silicon-rich AMW maintains intestinal epithelium regeneration through the GLP2-Wnt1 axis in piglets under ELS. Our research contributes to understanding the mechanism of silicon-rich AMW promoting gut epithelial regeneration and provides a new strategy for the alleviation of ELS-induced IEI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Chen Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Wen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xun Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ru Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zan GX, Wang XF, Yan SK, Qin YC, Yao LQ, Gao CQ, Yan HC, Zhou JY, Wang XQ. Matrine reduced intestinal stem cell damage in eimeria necatrix-infected chicks via blocking hyperactivation of Wnt signaling. Phytomedicine 2024; 128:155363. [PMID: 38493715 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coccidiosis is a rapidly spreading and acute parasitic disease that seriously threatening the intestinal health of poultry. Matrine from leguminous plants has anthelmintic and anti-inflammatory properties. PURPOSE This assay was conducted to explore the protective effects of Matrine and the AntiC (a Matrine compound) on Eimeria necatrix (EN)-infected chick small intestines and to provide a nutritional intervention strategy for EN injury. STUDY DESIGN The in vivo (chick) experiment: A total of 392 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly assigned to six groups in a 21-day study: control group, 350 mg/kg Matrine group, 500 mg/kg AntiC group, EN group, and EN + 350 mg/kg Matrine group, EN + 500 mg/kg AntiC group. The in vitro (chick intestinal organoids, IOs): The IOs were treated with PBS, Matrine, AntiC, 3 μM CHIR99021, EN (15,000 EN sporozoites), EN + Matrine, EN + AntiC, EN + Matrine + CHIR99021, EN + AntiC + CHIR99021. METHODS The structural integrity of chicks jejunal crypt-villus axis was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). And the activity of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located in crypts was assessed by in vitro expansion advantages of a primary in IOs model. Then, the changes of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in jejunal tissues and IOs were detected by Real-Time qPCR,Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The results showed that dietary supplementation with Matrine or AntiC rescued the jejunal injury caused by EN, as indicated by increased villus height, reduced crypt hyperplasia, and enhanced expression of tight junction proteins. Moreover, there was less budding efficiency of the IOs expanded from jejunal crypts of chicks in the EN group than that in the Matrine and AntiC group, respectively. Further investigation showed that AntiC and Matrine inhibited EN-stimulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The fact that Wnt/β-catenin activation via CHIR99021 led to the failure of Matrine and AntiC to rescue damaged ISCs confirmed the dominance of this signaling. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Matrine and AntiC inhibit ISC proliferation and promote ISC differentiation into absorptive cells by preventing the hyperactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, thereby standardizing the function of ISC proliferation and differentiation, which provides new insights into mitigating EN injury by Matrine and AntiC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Xiu Zan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shao-Kang Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying-Chao Qin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lang-Qun Yao
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang S, Wu S, Yao R, Wei X, Ohlstein B, Guo Z. Eclosion muscles secrete ecdysteroids to initiate asymmetric intestinal stem cell division in Drosophila. Dev Cell 2024; 59:125-140.e12. [PMID: 38096823 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
During organ development, tissue stem cells first expand via symmetric divisions and then switch to asymmetric divisions to minimize the time to obtain a mature tissue. In the Drosophila midgut, intestinal stem cells switch their divisions from symmetric to asymmetric at midpupal development to produce enteroendocrine cells. However, the signals that initiate this switch are unknown. Here, we identify the signal as ecdysteroids. In the presence of ecdysone, EcR and Usp promote the expression of E93 to suppress Br expression, resulting in asymmetric divisions. Surprisingly, the primary source of pupal ecdysone is not from the prothoracic gland but from dorsal internal oblique muscles (DIOMs), a group of transient skeletal muscles that are required for eclosion. Genetic analysis shows that DIOMs secrete ecdysteroids during mTOR-mediated muscle remodeling. Our findings identify sequential endocrine and mechanical roles for skeletal muscle, which ensure the timely asymmetric divisions of intestinal stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Institute for Brain Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Institute for Brain Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ruining Yao
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Institute for Brain Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xueying Wei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Institute for Brain Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Benjamin Ohlstein
- Children's Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Institute for Brain Research, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang WH, Kajal K, Wibowo RH, Amartuvshin O, Kao SH, Rastegari E, Lin CH, Chiou KL, Pi HW, Ting CT, Hsu HJ. Excess dietary sugar impairs Drosophila adult stem cells via elevated reactive oxygen species-induced JNK signaling. Development 2024; 151:dev201772. [PMID: 38063853 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
High-sugar diets (HSDs) often lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes, both metabolic syndromes associated with stem cell dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether excess dietary sugar affects stem cells. Here, we report that HSD impairs stem cell function in the intestine and ovaries of female Drosophila prior to the onset of insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Although 1 week of HSD leads to obesity, impaired oogenesis and altered lipid metabolism, insulin resistance does not occur. HSD increases glucose uptake by germline stem cells (GSCs) and triggers reactive oxygen species-induced JNK signaling, which reduces GSC proliferation. Removal of excess sugar from the diet reverses these HSD-induced phenomena. A similar phenomenon is found in intestinal stem cells (ISCs), except that HSD disrupts ISC maintenance and differentiation. Interestingly, tumor-like GSCs and ISCs are less responsive to HSD, which may be because of their dependence on glycolytic metabolism and high energy demand, respectively. This study suggests that excess dietary sugar induces oxidative stress and damages stem cells before insulin resistance develops, a mechanism that may also occur in higher organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hao Huang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Sinica, Taipei 11529
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10917
| | - Kreeti Kajal
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Sinica, Taipei 11529
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227
| | | | - Oyundari Amartuvshin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Sinica, Taipei 11529
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490
| | - Shih-Han Kao
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Sinica, Taipei 11529
| | - Elham Rastegari
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Sinica, Taipei 11529
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Sinica, Taipei 11529
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490
| | - Kuan-Lin Chiou
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Wei Pi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ti Ting
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10917
| | - Hwei-Jan Hsu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Sinica, Taipei 11529
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khanbabei A, Segura L, Petrossian C, Lemus A, Cano I, Frazier C, Halajyan A, Ca D, Loza-Coll M. Experimental validation and characterization of putative targets of Escargot and STAT, two master regulators of the intestinal stem cells in Drosophila melanogaster. Dev Biol 2024; 505:148-163. [PMID: 37952851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Many organs contain adult stem cells (ASCs) to replace cells due to damage, disease, or normal tissue turnover. ASCs can divide asymmetrically, giving rise to a new copy of themselves (self-renewal) and a sister that commits to a specific cell type (differentiation). Decades of research have led to the identification of pleiotropic genes whose loss or gain of function affect diverse aspects of normal ASC biology. Genome-wide screens of these so-called genetic "master regulator" (MR) genes, have pointed to hundreds of putative targets that could serve as their downstream effectors. Here, we experimentally validate and characterize the regulation of several putative targets of Escargot (Esg) and the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (Stat92E, a.k.a. STAT), two known MRs in Drosophila intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Our results indicate that regardless of bioinformatic predictions, most experimentally validated targets show a profile of gene expression that is consistent with co-regulation by both Esg and STAT, fitting a rather limited set of co-regulatory modalities. A bioinformatic analysis of proximal regulatory sequences in specific subsets of co-regulated targets identified additional transcription factors that might cooperate with Esg and STAT in modulating their transcription. Lastly, in vivo manipulations of validated targets rarely phenocopied the effects of manipulating Esg and STAT, suggesting the existence of complex genetic interactions among downstream targets of these two MR genes during ISC homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Armen Khanbabei
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge (CSUN), USA
| | - Lina Segura
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge (CSUN), USA
| | - Cynthia Petrossian
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge (CSUN), USA
| | - Aaron Lemus
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge (CSUN), USA
| | - Ithan Cano
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge (CSUN), USA
| | - Courtney Frazier
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge (CSUN), USA
| | - Armen Halajyan
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge (CSUN), USA
| | - Donnie Ca
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge (CSUN), USA
| | - Mariano Loza-Coll
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge (CSUN), USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shi L, Ma H, Wang J, Ma M, Zhao H, Li Z, Wang JH, Wu S, Zhou Z, Dong MQ, Li Z. An EMC-Hpo-Yki axis maintains intestinal homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. Development 2023; 150:dev201958. [PMID: 38031990 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Balanced control of stem cell proliferation and differentiation underlines tissue homeostasis. Disruption of tissue homeostasis often results in many diseases. However, how endogenous factors influence the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) under physiological and pathological conditions remains poorly understood. Here, we find that the evolutionarily conserved endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) negatively regulates ISC proliferation and intestinal homeostasis. Compromising EMC function in progenitors leads to excessive ISC proliferation and intestinal homeostasis disruption. Mechanistically, the EMC associates with and stabilizes Hippo (Hpo) protein, the key component of the Hpo signaling pathway. In the absence of EMC, Yorkie (Yki) is activated to promote ISC proliferation due to Hpo destruction. The EMC-Hpo-Yki axis also functions in enterocytes to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Importantly, the levels of the EMC are dramatically diminished in tunicamycin-treated animals, leading to Hpo destruction, thereby resulting in intestinal homeostasis disruption due to Yki activation. Thus, our study uncovers the molecular mechanism underlying the action of the EMC in intestinal homeostasis maintenance under physiological and pathological conditions and provides new insight into the pathogenesis of tunicamycin-induced tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hubing Ma
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jinjun Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Meifang Ma
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhengran Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shian Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zizhang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Meng-Qiu Dong
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhouhua Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang L, Xu Z, Lei X, Huang Y, Tu S, Xu L, Xia J, Liu D. Paneth cell-derived iNOS is required to maintain homeostasis in the intestinal stem cell niche. J Transl Med 2023; 21:852. [PMID: 38007452 PMCID: PMC10675917 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian intestinal epithelium constantly undergoes rapid self-renewal and regeneration sustained by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) within crypts. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is an important regulator in tissue homeostasis and inflammation. However, the functions of iNOS on ISCs have not been clarified. Here, we aimed to investigate the expression pattern of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) within crypts and explore its function in the homeostatic maintenance of the ISC niche. METHODS Expression of iNOS was determined by tissue staining and qPCR. iNOS-/- and Lgr5 transgenic mice were used to explore the influence of iNOS ablation on ISC proliferation and differentiation. Enteroids were cultured to study the effect of iNOS on ISCs in vitro. Ileum samples from wild-type and iNOS-/- mice were collected for RNA-Seq to explore the molecular mechanisms by which iNOS regulates ISCs. RESULTS iNOS was physiologically expressed in Paneth cells. Knockout of iNOS led to apparent morphological changes in the intestine, including a decrease in the small intestine length and in the heights of both villi and crypts. Knockout of iNOS decreased the number of Ki67+ or BrdU+ proliferative cells in crypts. Loss of iNOS increased the number of Olfm4+ ISCs but inhibited the differentiation and migration of Lgr5+ ISCs in vivo. iNOS depletion also inhibited enteroid formation and the budding efficiency of crypts in vitro. Moreover, iNOS deficiency altered gluconeogenesis and the adaptive immune response in the ileum transcriptome. CONCLUSION Paneth cell-derived iNOS is required to maintain a healthy ISC niche, and Knockout of iNOS hinders ISC function in mice. Therefore, iNOS represents a potential target for the development of new drugs and other therapeutic interventions for intestinal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Huang
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhenni Xu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xudan Lei
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yujun Huang
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Siyu Tu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jieying Xia
- Animal Experiment Center of Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dengqun Liu
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fan H, Wu J, Yang K, Xiong C, Xiong S, Wu X, Fang Z, Zhu J, Huang J. Dietary regulation of intestinal stem cells in health and disease. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:730-745. [PMID: 37758199 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2262780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Diet is a critical regulator for physiological metabolism and tissue homeostasis, with a close relation to health and disease. As an important organ for digestion and absorption, the intestine comes into direct contact with many dietary components. The rapid renewal of its mucosal epithelium depends on the continuous proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The function and metabolism of ISCs can be controlled by a variety of dietary patterns including calorie restriction, fasting, high-fat, ketogenic, and high-sugar diets, as well as different nutrients including vitamins, amino acids, dietary fibre, and probiotics. Therefore, dietary interventions targeting ISCs may make it possible to prevent and treat intestinal disorders such as colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and radiation enteritis. This review summarised recent research on the role and mechanism of diet in regulating ISCs, and discussed the potential of dietary modulation for intestinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hancheng Fan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kangping Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chaoyi Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Siyi Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingwu Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jialyu Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang R, Chen S, Yang Z, Zhang N, Guo K, Lv K, Zhou Z, Gao M, Hu X, Su Y, He J, Wang F. Actin polymerization inhibition by targeting ARPC2 affects intestinal stem cell homeostasis. Burns Trauma 2023; 11:tkad038. [PMID: 37849945 PMCID: PMC10578047 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Background The rapid turnover of the intestinal epithelium is driven by the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The dynamics of the F-actin cytoskeleton are critical for maintaining intercellular force and the signal transduction network. However, it remains unclear how direct interference with actin polymerization impacts ISC homeostasis. This study aims to reveal the regulatory effects of the F-actin cytoskeleton on the homeostasis of intestinal epithelium, as well as the potential risks of benproperine (BPP) as an anti-tumor drug. Methods Phalloidin fluorescence staining was utilized to test F-actin polymerization. Flow cytometry and IHC staining were employed to discriminate different types of intestinal epithelial cells. Cell proliferation was assessed through bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assays. The proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells were replicated in vitro through organoid culture. Epithelial migration was evaluated through BrdU pulse labeling and chasing in mice. Results The F-actin content was observed to significantly increase as crypt cells migrated into the villus region. Additionally, actin polymerization in secretory cells, especially in Paneth cells (PCs), was much higher than that in neighboring ISCs. Treatment with the newly identified actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2 (ARPC2) inhibitor BPP led to a dose-dependent increase or inhibition of intestinal organoid growth in vitro and crypt cell proliferation in vivo. Compared with the vehicle group, BPP treatment decreased the expression of Lgr5 ISC feature genes in vivo and in organoid culture. Meanwhile, PC differentiation derived from ISCs and progenitors was decreased by inhibition of F-actin polymerization. Mechanistically, BPP-induced actin polymerization inhibition may activate the Yes1-associated transcriptional regulator pathway, which affects ISC proliferation and differentiation. Accordingly, BPP treatment affected intestinal epithelial cell migration in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the regulation of cytoskeleton reorganization can affect ISC homeostasis. In addition, inhibiting ARPC2 with the Food and Drug Administration-approved drug BPP represents a novel approach to influencing the turnover of intestinal epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing, 401331China
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhifan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Kenan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Keyi Lv
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zimo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Meijiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiancheng Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing, 401331China
| | - Yongping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jianming He
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Gastroenterology Research (Hebei), Shijiazhuang, 050011
| | - Fengchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kikuchi I, Iwashita Y, Takahashi-Kanemitsu A, Koebis M, Aiba A, Hatakeyama M. Coevolution of the ileum with Brk/Ptk6 family kinases confers robustness to ileal homeostasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 676:190-197. [PMID: 37523817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Brk/Ptk6, Srms, and Frk constitute a Src-related but distinct family of tyrosine kinases called Brk family kinases (BFKs) in higher vertebrates. To date, however, their biological roles have remained largely unknown. In this study, we generated BFK triple-knockout (BFK/TKO) mice lacking all BFK members using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. BFK/TKO mice exhibited impaired intestinal homeostasis, represented by a reduced stem/progenitor cell population and defective recovery from radiation-induced severe mucosal damage, specifically in the ileum, which is the most distal segment of the small intestine. RNA-seq analysis revealed that BFK/TKO ileal epithelium showed markedly elevated IL-22/STAT3 signaling, resulting in the aberrant activation of mucosal immune response and altered composition of the ileal microbiota. Since single- or double-knockout of BFK genes did not elicit such abnormalities, BFKs may redundantly confer robust homeostasis to the ileum, the most recently added intestinal segment that plays crucial roles in nutrient absorption and mucosal immunity. Given that BFK diversification preceded the appearance of the ileum in vertebrate phylogeny, the present study highlights the coevolution of genes and organs, the former of which shapes up the latter in higher vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan; Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yusuke Iwashita
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi-Kanemitsu
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biomedicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Michinori Koebis
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan; Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Center of Infection-associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun M, Tan Z, Lin K, Li X, Zhu J, Zhan L, Zheng H. Advanced Progression for the Heterogeneity and Homeostasis of Intestinal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2109-2119. [PMID: 37351833 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Current understanding of the leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) is well established, however, the implications of ISC heterogeneity and homeostasis are poorly understood. Prior studies have provided important evidence for the association between heterogeneity of ISC pools with pathogenesis and therapeutic response of malignant disease. Leveraging the advantages of organoids and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), glandular development has been simulated and cell heterogeneity has been clarified. Based on this research, several potential ISCs were identified, such as LGR5 + p27 + quiescent ISCs, LGR5 + Mex3a + slowly proliferating stem cells, and CLU + reverse stem cells. We also illustrated major factors responsible for ISC homeostasis including metabolism-related (LKB1, TGR5, HMGCS2), inflammation-related (IFB-b, IFN2, TNF), and Wnt signaling-related (CREPT, Mex3a, MTG16) factors. ISCs play complex roles in intestinal tumorigenesis, chemoresistance and occasional relapse of colon cancer, which bear discussion. In this review, we focus on novel technical challenges in ISCs fate drawing upon recent research with the goals of clarifying our understanding of complex ISCs, elucidating the integrated intestinal crypt niche, and creating new opportunities for therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minqiong Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenya Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Keqiong Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jicheng Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Zhan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cui C, Wang X, Zheng Y, Li L, Wang F, Wei H, Peng J. Paneth cells protect intestinal stem cell niche to alleviate deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal injury. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 264:115457. [PMID: 37688865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common toxin in grains and feeds, and DON exposure triggers severe small intestinal injury and inflammation, which harms the health of humans and livestock. DON treatment leads to a decrease in Paneth cells, whereas the role of Paneth cells in DON-induced intestinal injury is poorly understood. We utilized dithizone (40 mg/kg) to keep murine Paneth cell number at a low level. The results showed that dithizone-mediated long-term disruption of Paneth cells aggravated intestinal injury, intestinal stem cell (ISC) loss, and microbiota disorder in DON (2 mg/kg)-treated mice. Unexpectedly, the number of goblet cells and proliferative cells was boosted in mice treated with dithizone and DON. After dithizone and DON treatments, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was reduced, and the increased abundance of Dubosiella and the decreased abundance of Lactobacillus were observed in mice. The functional recovery of Paneth cells by lysozyme (200 U/day) supplementation improved intestinal injury and ISC loss in mice after DON challenge. In addition, lysozyme also promoted the growth and ISC activity of intestinal organoids. Taken together, these results demonstrate the protective role of Paneth cells in DON-induced intestinal injury. Our study raises a novel target, Paneth cell, for the treatment of DON exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenbin Cui
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lindeng Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fangke Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 400700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mariant CL, Bacola G, Van Landeghem L. Mini-Review: Enteric glia of the tumor microenvironment: An affair of corruption. Neurosci Lett 2023; 814:137416. [PMID: 37572875 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment corresponds to a complex mixture of bioactive products released by local and recruited cells whose normal functions have been "corrupted" by cues originating from the tumor, mostly to favor cancer growth, dissemination and resistance to therapies. While the immune and the mesenchymal cellular components of the tumor microenvironment in colon cancer have been under intense scrutiny over the last two decades, the influence of the resident neural cells of the gut on colon carcinogenesis has only very recently begun to draw attention. The vast majority of the resident neural cells of the gastrointestinal tract belong to the enteric nervous system and correspond to enteric neurons and enteric glial cells, both of which have been understudied in the context of colon cancer development and progression. In this review, we especially discuss available evidence on enteric glia impact on colon carcinogenesis. To highlight "corrupted" functioning in enteric glial cells of the tumor microenvironment and its repercussion on tumorigenesis, we first review the main regulatory effects of enteric glial cells on the intestinal epithelium in homeostatic conditions and we next present current knowledge on enteric glia influence on colon tumorigenesis. We particularly examine how enteric glial cell heterogeneity and plasticity require further appreciation to better understand the distinct regulatory interactions enteric glial cell subtypes engage with the various cell types of the tumor, and to identify novel biological targets to block enteric glia pro-carcinogenic signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe L Mariant
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Gregory Bacola
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Laurianne Van Landeghem
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cui C, Wang X, Zheng Y, Wu L, Li L, Wei H, Peng J. Nur77 as a novel regulator of Paneth cell differentiation and function. Mucosal Immunol 2023:S1933-0219(23)00067-3. [PMID: 37683828 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Serving as a part of intestinal innate immunity, Paneth cells plays an important role in intestinal homeostasis maintenance via their multiple functions. However, the regulation of Paneth cells has been proved to be complex and diverse. Here, we identified nuclear receptor Nur77 as a novel regulator of Paneth cell differentiation and function. Nur77 deficiency led to the loss of Paneth cells in murine ileal crypts. Intestinal tissues or organoids with Nur77 deficiency exhibited the impaired intestinal stem cell (ISC) niche and failed to enhance antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expression after Paneth cell degranulation. The defects in Paneth cells and AMPs in Nur77-/- mice led to intestinal microbiota disorders. Nur77 deficiency rendered postnatal mice susceptible to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Mechanistically, Nur77 transcriptionally inhibited Dact1 expression to activate Wnt signaling activity, thus promoting Paneth cell differentiation and function. Taken together, our data suggest the regulatory role of Nur77 in Paneth cell differentiation and function and reveal a novel Dact1-mediated Wnt inhibition mechanism in Paneth cell development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenbin Cui
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lindeng Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 400700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yu D, Dai Q, Wang Z, Hou SX, Sun LV. ARF1 maintains intestinal homeostasis by modulating gut microbiota and stem cell function. Life Sci 2023:121902. [PMID: 37392777 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The small GTPase protein ARF1 has been shown to be involved in the lipolysis pathway and to selectively kill stem cells in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the role of ARF1 in mammalian intestinal homeostasis remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the role of ARF1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and reveal the possible mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS IEC-specific ARF1 deletion mouse model was used to evaluate the role of ARF1 in intestine. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to detect specific cell type markers, and intestinal organoids were cultured to assess intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and differentiation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, 16S rRNA-Seq analysis, and antibiotic treatments were conducted to elucidate the role of gut microbes in ARF1-mediated intestinal function and the underlying mechanism. Colitis was induced in control and ARF1-deficient mice by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). RNA-seq was performed to elucidate the transcriptomic changes after ARF1 deletion. KEY FINDINGS ARF1 was essential for ISC proliferation and differentiation. Loss of ARF1 increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis and gut microbial dysbiosis. Gut microbiota depletion by antibiotics could rescue the intestinal abnormalities to a certain extent. Furthermore, RNA-Seq analysis revealed alterations in multiple metabolic pathways. SIGNIFICANCE This work is the first to elucidate the essential role of ARF1 in regulating gut homeostasis, and provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases and potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danni Yu
- China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Children's Hospital, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Liver Cancer Institute at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Quanhui Dai
- China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zixiang Wang
- China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Children's Hospital, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Liver Cancer Institute at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Steven X Hou
- China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Children's Hospital, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Liver Cancer Institute at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ling V Sun
- China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Children's Hospital, Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation of Liver Cancer Institute at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Z, Qu YJ, Cui M. Modulation of stem cell fate in intestinal homeostasis, injury and repair. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:354-368. [PMID: 37342221 PMCID: PMC10277971 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i5.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian intestinal epithelium constitutes the largest barrier against the external environment and makes flexible responses to various types of stimuli. Epithelial cells are fast-renewed to counteract constant damage and disrupted barrier function to maintain their integrity. The homeostatic repair and regeneration of the intestinal epithelium are governed by the Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of crypts, which fuel rapid renewal and give rise to the different epithelial cell types. Protracted biological and physicochemical stress may challenge epithelial integrity and the function of ISCs. The field of ISCs is thus of interest for complete mucosal healing, given its relevance to diseases of intestinal injury and inflammation such as inflammatory bowel diseases. Here, we review the current understanding of the signals and mechanisms that control homeostasis and regeneration of the intestinal epithelium. We focus on recent insights into the intrinsic and extrinsic elements involved in the process of intestinal homeostasis, injury, and repair, which fine-tune the balance between self-renewal and cell fate specification in ISCs. Deciphering the regulatory machinery that modulates stem cell fate would aid in the development of novel therapeutics that facilitate mucosal healing and restore epithelial barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan-Ji Qu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Guo H, Zhang J, Jiang Z, Zhu X, Yang J, Mu R, Du Y, Tian Y, Zhu P, Fan Z. Noncoding RNA circBtnl1 suppresses self-renewal of intestinal stem cells via disruption of Atf4 mRNA stability. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112039. [PMID: 36715460 PMCID: PMC10015366 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) at the crypt base are responsible for the regeneration of the intestinal epithelium. However, how ISC self-renewal is regulated still remains unclear. Here we identified a circular RNA, circBtnl1, that is highly expressed in ISCs. Loss of circBtnl1 in mice enhanced ISC self-renewal capacity and epithelial regeneration, without changes in mRNA and protein levels of its parental gene Btnl1. Mechanistically, circBtnl1 and Atf4 mRNA competitively bound the ATP-dependent RNA helicase Ddx3y to impair the stability of Atf4 mRNA in wild-type ISCs. Furthermore, ATF4 activated Sox9 transcription by binding to its promoter via a unique motif, to enhance the self-renewal capacity and epithelial regeneration of ISCs. In contrast, circBtnl1 knockout promoted Atf4 mRNA stability and enhanced ATF4 expression, which caused Sox9 transcription to potentiate ISC stemness. These data indicate that circBtnl1-mediated Atf4 mRNA decay suppresses Sox9 transcription that negatively modulates self-renewal maintenance of ISCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiahang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhimin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of PhysiologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Rui Mu
- Department of PhysiologyHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Ying Du
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yong Tian
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Pingping Zhu
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zusen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Peng X, Liu H, Wang J, Jiang J, Chen H, Tao J, Wu B. Fall of PARP3 restrains Lgr5(+) intestinal stem cells proliferation and mucosal renovation in intestinal aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111796. [PMID: 36870456 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The regeneration ability of intestinal epithelium is degenerated in aging. The determining factor is leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5-positive intestinal stem cells (Lgr5+ ISCs). Lgr5-EGFP (enhanced green fluorescence protein) knock-in in transgenic mice at three different ages (young group: 3-6 months; middle group: 12-14 months; old group: 22-24 months) were used to examined Lgr5+ ISCs at three different timepoints. The jejunum samples were collected for histology, immunofluorescence analysis, western blotting and PCR. In tissue, crypt depth, proliferating cells and Lgr5+ ISC numbers were increased in the middle group (12-14 months) and decreased in the old group (22-24 months). The number of proliferating Lgr5+ ISCs gradually decreased as the mice aged. In organoids, the budding number, projected area, and Lgr5+ ISC ratio decreased as the mice aged. The gene expression of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 3 (Parp3) and the protein expression of PARP3 were increased in the middle- and old-aged groups. PARP3 inhibitors slowed organoid growth in the middle group. In conclusion, PARP3 is upregulated in aging, and the inhibition of PARP3 reduces the proliferation of aging Lgr5+ ISCs.
Collapse
|
19
|
Zan GX, Qin YC, Xie WW, Gao CQ, Yan HC, Wang XQ, Zhou JY. Heat stress disrupts intestinal stem cell migration and differentiation along the crypt-villus axis through FAK signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2023; 1870:119431. [PMID: 36632926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
During heat stress (HS), the intestinal epithelium suffers damage due to imbalance of tissue homeostasis. However, the specific mechanism by which intestinal stem cells (ISCs) migrate and differentiate along the crypt-villus axis to heal lesions upon insult is unclear. In our study, C57BL/6 mice and IPEC-J2 cells were subjected to normal ambient conditions (25 °C for 7 days in vivo and 37 °C for 18 h in vitro) or 41 °C. The results showed that HS impaired intestinal morphology and barrier function. The numbers of ISCs (SOX9+ cells), mitotic cells (PCNA+ cells), and differentiated cells (Paneth cells marked by lysozyme, absorptive cells marked by Villin, goblet cells marked by Mucin2, enteroendocrine cells marked by Chromogranin A, and tuft cells marked by DCAMKL1) were reduced under high temperature. Importantly, BrdU incorporation confirmed the decreased migration ability of jejunal epithelial cells exposed to 41 °C. Furthermore, intestinal organoids (IOs) expanded from jejunal crypt cells in the HS group exhibited greater growth disadvantages. Mechanistically, the occurrence of these phenotypes was accompanied by FAK/paxillin/F-actin signaling disruption in the jejunum. The fact that the FAK agonist ZINC40099027 reversed the HS-triggered inhibition of IPEC-J2 cell differentiation and migration further confirmed the dominant role of FAK in response to high-temperature conditions. Overall, the present investigation is the first to reveal a major role of FAK/paxillin/F-actin signaling in HS-induced ISC migration and differentiation along the crypt-villus axis, which indicates a new therapeutic target for intestinal epithelial regeneration after heat injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Xiu Zan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying-Chao Qin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wen-Wen Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China; HenryFok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang Z, Tan C, Duan C, Wu J, Zhou D, Hou L, Qian W, Han C, Hou X. FUT2-dependent fucosylation of HYOU1 protects intestinal stem cells against inflammatory injury by regulating unfolded protein response. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102618. [PMID: 36724577 PMCID: PMC9923227 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial repair after injury is coordinated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Fucosylation catalyzed by fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) of the intestinal epithelium is beneficial to mucosal healing but poorly defined is the influence on ISCs. The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model were used to assess the role of FUT2 on ISCs after injury. The apoptosis, function, and stemness of ISCs were analyzed using intestinal organoids from WT and Fut2ΔISC (ISC-specific Fut2 knockout) mice incubated with LPS and fucose. N-glycoproteomics, UEA-1 chromatography, and site-directed mutagenesis were monitored to dissect the regulatory mechanism, identify the target fucosylated protein and the corresponding modification site. Fucose could alleviate intestinal epithelial damage via upregulating FUT2 and α-1,2-fucosylation of ISCs. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell apoptosis were impeded by fucose. Meanwhile, fucose sustained the growth and proliferation capacity of intestinal organoids treated with LPS. Contrarily, FUT2 depletion in ISCs aggravated the epithelial damage and disrupted the growth and proliferation capacity of ISCs via escalating LPS-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and initiating the IRE1/TRAF2/ASK1/JNK branch of unfolded protein response (UPR). Fucosylation of the chaperone protein HYOU1 at the N-glycosylation site of asparagine (Asn) 862 mediated by FUT2 was identified to facilitate ISCs survival and self-renewal, and improve ISCs resistance to ER stress and inflammatory injury. Our study highlights a fucosylation-dependent protective mechanism of ISCs against inflammation, which may provide a fascinating strategy for treating intestinal injury disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chaoqun Han
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee SH, Hwang D, Goo TW, Yun EY. Prediction of intestinal stem cell regulatory genes from Drosophila gut damage model created using multiple inducers: Differential gene expression-based protein-protein interaction network analysis. Dev Comp Immunol 2023; 138:104539. [PMID: 36087786 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal tissue functions in innate immunity to prevent the entry of harmful substances, and to maintain homeostasis through the constant proliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISC). To understand the mechanisms which regulate ISC in response to gut damage, we identified 81 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through RNA-seq analysis after oral administration of three intestinal-damaging substances to Drosophila melanogaster. Through protein-protein interaction (PPI) and functional annotation studies, the top 22 DEGs ordered by the number of nodes in the PPI network were analyzed in relation to cell development. Through network topology analysis, we identified 12 essential seed genes. From this we confirmed that p53, RpL17, Fmr1, Stat92E, CG31343, Cnot4, CG9281, CG8184, Evi5, and to were essential for ISC proliferation during gut damage using knockdown RNAi Drosophila. This study presents a method for identifying candidate genes relating to intestinal damage that has scope for furthering our understanding of gut disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Dooseon Hwang
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Tae-Won Goo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38766, South Korea
| | - Eun-Young Yun
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li X, Liu J, Zhou Y, Wang L, Wen Y, Ding K, Zou L, Liu X, Li A, Wang Y, Fu H, Huang M, Ding G, Zhou J. Jwa participates the maintenance of intestinal epithelial homeostasis via ERK/FBXW7-mediated NOTCH1/PPARγ/STAT5 axis and acts as a novel putative aging related gene. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5503-5521. [PMID: 36147468 PMCID: PMC9461671 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is a rapid self-renewal and regenerated tissue of which the structural integrity is beneficial for maintaining health. The integrity of intestinal epithelium depends on the balance of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and the function of intestinal stem cells, which declines due to genetic defect or aging. Jwa participates in multiple cellular processes; it also responds to oxidative stress and repairs DNA damage. However, whether Jwa plays a role in maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal renewal and regeneration is not clear. In the present study, we firstly described that the deletion of Jwa disturbed the homeostasis of intestinal epithelial renewal and regeneration. Jwa deficiency promoted NOTCH1 degradation in the ERK/FBXW7-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, thus disturbing the PPARγ/STAT5 axis. These mechanisms might partially contribute to the reduction of intestinal stem cell function and alteration of intestinal epithelial cell lineage distribution, finally suppressing the renewal and regeneration of intestinal epithelium. Moreover, our results also revealed that Jwa was a novel putative aging related gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Li
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Luman Wang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yifan Wen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Kun Ding
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lu Zou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Aiping Li
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Animal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Animal Experimental Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Heling Fu
- Animal Core Facility of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Animal Experimental Center of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Guoxian Ding
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Toxicology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Luo H, Li M, Wang F, Yang Y, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Du F, Chen Y, Shen J, Zhao Q, Zeng J, Wang S, Chen M, Li X, Li W, Sun Y, Gu L, Wen Q, Xiao Z, Wu X. The role of intestinal stem cell within gut homeostasis: Focusing on its interplay with gut microbiota and the regulating pathways. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5185-5206. [PMID: 35982910 PMCID: PMC9379405 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) play an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis via promoting a healthy gut barrier. Within the stem cell niche, gut microbiota linking the crosstalk of dietary influence and host response has been identified as a key regulator of ISCs. Emerging insights from recent research reveal that ISC and gut microbiota interplay regulates epithelial self-renewal. This article reviews the recent knowledge on the key role of ISC in their local environment (stem cell niche) associating with gut microbiota and their metabolites as well as the signaling pathways. The current progress of intestinal organoid culture is further summarized. Subsequently, the key challenges and future directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yifei Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianyun Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiuping Zeng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Du J, Sarkar R, Li Y, He L, Kang W, Liao W, Liu W, Nguyen T, Zhang L, Deng Z, Dougherty U, Kupfer SS, Chen M, Pekow J, Bissonnette M, He C, Li YC. N 6-adenomethylation of GsdmC is essential for Lgr5 + stem cell survival to maintain normal colonic epithelial morphogenesis. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1976-1994.e8. [PMID: 35917813 PMCID: PMC9398964 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gut epithelial morphogenesis is maintained by intestinal stem cells. Here, we report that depletion of N6-adenosine methyltransferase subunit Mettl14 from gut epithelial cells in mice impaired colon mucosal morphogenesis, leading to increased mucosal permeability, severe inflammation, growth retardation, and premature death. Mettl14 ablation triggered apoptosis that depleted Lgr5+ stem cells and disrupted colonic organoid growth and differentiation, whereas the inhibition of apoptosis rescued Mettl14-deleted mice and organoids. Mettl14 depletion disrupted N6-adenomethylation on GsdmC transcripts and abolished GsdmC expression. Reconstitution of Mettl14-deleted organoids or mice with GSDMC rescued Lgr5 expression and prevented apoptosis and mouse premature death, whereas GSDMC silence eliminated LGR5 and triggered apoptosis in human colonic organoids and epithelial cells. Mechanistically, Mettl14 depletion eliminated mitochondrial GsdmC, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, and triggered cytochrome c release that activates the pro-apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, GsdmC N6-adenomethylation protects mitochondrial homeostasis and is essential for Lgr5+ cell survival to maintain normal colonic epithelial regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Du
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Rajesh Sarkar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wenjun Kang
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Cardiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Clinical Research Institute, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Weicheng Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tivoli Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linda Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zifeng Deng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Urszula Dougherty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sonia S Kupfer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mengjie Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joel Pekow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yan Chun Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Feng Z, Xu Q, He X, Wang Y, Fang L, Zhao J, Cheng Y, Liu C, Du J, Cai J. FG-4592 protects the intestine from irradiation-induced injury by targeting the TLR4 signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:271. [PMID: 35729656 PMCID: PMC9210818 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe ionizing radiation (IR)-induced intestinal injury associates with high mortality, which is a worldwide problem requiring urgent attention. In recent years, studies have found that the PHD-HIF signaling pathway may play key roles in IR-induced intestinal injury, and we found that FG-4592, the PHD inhibitor, has significant radioprotective effects on IR-induced intestinal injury. Methods In the presence or absence of FG-4592 treatment, the survival time, pathology, cell viability, cell apoptosis, and organoids of mice after irradiation were compared, and the mechanism was verified after transcriptome sequencing. The data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 19 software. Results Our results show that FG-4592 had significant radioprotective effects on the intestine. FG-4592 improved the survival of irradiated mice, inhibited the radiation damage of intestinal tissue, promoted the regeneration of intestinal crypts after IR and reduced the apoptosis of intestinal crypt cells. Through organoid experiments, it is found that FG-4592 promoted the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Moreover, the results of RNA sequencing and Western blot showed that FG-4592 significantly upregulated the TLR4 signaling pathway, and FG-4592 had no radioprotection on TLR4 KO mice, suggesting that FG-4592 may play protective role against IR by targeting TLR4. Conclusion Our work proves that FG-4592 may promote the proliferation and regeneration of ISCs through the targeted regulation of the TLR4 signaling pathway and ultimately play radioprotective roles in IR-induced injury. These results enrich the molecular mechanism of FG-4592 in protecting cells from IR-induced injury and provide new methods for the radioprotection of intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlan Feng
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qinshu Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiang He
- College of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuedong Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lan Fang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianpeng Zhao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jicong Du
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jianming Cai
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang Y, You K, You Y, Li Q, Feng G, Ni J, Cao X, Zhang X, Wang Y, Bao W, Wang X, Chen T, Li H, Huang Y, Lyu J, Yu S, Li H, Xu S, Zeng K, Shen X. Paeoniflorin prevents aberrant proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells by controlling C1q release from macrophages in chronic colitis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106309. [PMID: 35716915 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The pathological features of inflammatory bowel disease necessitate therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring intestinal mucosal barrier function in addition to controlling inflammation. Paeoniflorin, a bioactive herbal constituent isolated from the root of Paeonia albiflora Pall, has been reported to protect against acute colitis in mice. However, the direct molecular target of paeoniflorin in preventing colitis remains elusive. Here, we evaluated the therapeutical effects of Paeoniflorin using IL-10-/- chronic colitis model, and explored the precise mechanism of action involved. Our results demonstrated that intragastric administration of Paeoniflorin significantly ameliorated inflammatory response and restored the aberrant intestinal proliferation and differentiation in IL-10-/-colitis mice. By utilizing a chemical biology approach, we identified C1qa, a crucial component of C1q, is the direct target of Paeoniflorin. Binding of Paeoniflorin to C1qa prevented the cleavage of C1q on macrophages, resulting in the aggregation of surface membrane-anchored C1q and the diminished C1q secretion. The excessive surface membrane-anchored C1q significantly enhanced the phagocytic capability of macrophages and promoted the elimination of infiltrated bacteria and inflammatory cells in mouse colon. The reduced C1q secretion conferred by Paeoniflorin dampened Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation, thereby rectifying the aberrant proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). In summary, our study demonstrates that Paeoniflorin can orchestrate mucosal healing and intestinal inflammation elimination through C1q-bridged macrophage-ISCs crosstalk, highlighting a novel strategy to treat chronic colitis by restoring mucosal homeostasis via targeting C1q.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Keyuan You
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan You
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Guize Feng
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiahui Ni
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinyue Cao
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weilian Bao
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tongqing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haidong Li
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuran Huang
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiaren Lyu
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shihang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China.
| | - Kewu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The effects of aging on the brain are widespread and can have dramatic implications on the overall health of an organism. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of brain aging, but, the interplay between mitochondrial quality control, neuronal aging, and organismal health is not well understood. Here, we show that aging leads to a decline in mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) in the Drosophila brain with a concomitant increase in mitochondrial content. We find that induction of BCL2-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), a mitochondrial outer membrane protein, in the adult nervous system induces mitophagy and prevents the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria in the aged brain. Importantly, neuronal induction of BNIP3-mediated mitophagy increases organismal longevity and healthspan. Furthermore, BNIP3-mediated mitophagy in the nervous system improves muscle and intestinal homeostasis in aged flies, indicating cell non-autonomous effects. Our findings identify BNIP3 as a therapeutic target to counteract brain aging and prolong overall organismal health with age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Schmid
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jung-Hoon Pyo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - David W Walker
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Lead Contact
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ren LL, Zhou JY, Liang SJ, Wang XQ. Impaired intestinal stem cell activity in ETEC infection: enterotoxins, cyclic nucleotides, and Wnt signaling. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1213-1225. [PMID: 35226135 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in humans and animals colonizes the intestine and thereafter secrets heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) with or without heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), which triggers massive fluid and electrolyte secretion into the gut lumen. The crosstalk between the cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase/cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cAMP or cGMP/CFTR) pathway involved in ETEC-induced diarrhea channels, and the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway leads to changes in intestinal stem cell (ISC) fates, which are strongly associated with developmental disorders caused by diarrhea. We review how alterations in enterotoxin-activated ion channel pathways and the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can explain inhibited intestinal epithelial activity, characterize alterations in the crosstalk of cyclic nucleotides, and predict harmful effects on ISCs in targeted therapy. Besides, we discuss current deficits in the understanding of enterotoxin-intestinal epithelial cell activity relationships that should be considered when interpreting sequelae of diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Ren
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shao-Jie Liang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Das S, Feng Q, Balasubramanian I, Lin X, Liu H, Pellón-Cardenas O, Yu S, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wei Z, Bonder EM, Verzi MP, Hsu W, Zhang L, Wang TC, Gao N. Colonic healing requires Wnt produced by epithelium as well as Tagln+ and Acta2+ stromal cells. Development 2022; 149:273689. [PMID: 34910127 PMCID: PMC8881740 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although Wnt signaling is clearly important for the intestinal epithelial homeostasis, the relevance of various sources of Wnt ligands themselves remains incompletely understood. Blocking the release of Wnt in distinct stromal cell types suggests obligatory functions of several stromal cell sources and yields different observations. The physiological contribution of epithelial Wnt to tissue homeostasis remains unclear. We show here that blocking epithelial Wnts affects colonic Reg4+ epithelial cell differentiation and impairs colonic epithelial regeneration after injury in mice. Single-cell RNA analysis of intestinal stroma showed that the majority of Wnt-producing cells were contained in transgelin (Tagln+) and smooth muscle actin α2 (Acta2+) expressing populations. We genetically attenuated Wnt production from these stromal cells using Tagln-Cre and Acta2-CreER drivers, and found that blockage of Wnt release from either epithelium or Tagln+ and Acta2+ stromal cells impaired colonic epithelial healing after chemical-induced injury. Aggregated blockage of Wnt release from both epithelium and Tagln+ or Acta2+ stromal cells drastically diminished epithelial repair, increasing morbidity and mortality. These results from two uncharacterized stromal populations suggested that colonic recovery from colitis-like injury depends on multiple Wnt-producing sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyashree Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | | | - Xiang Lin
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Haoran Liu
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | | | - Shiyan Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Edward M. Bonder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Michael P. Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Wei Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, Center for Oral Biology, James P Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 04642, USA
| | - Lanjing Zhang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center of Princeton, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA
| | - Timothy C. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA,Author for correspondence ()
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xu J, Huang D, Xu X, Wu X, Liu L, Niu W, Lu L, Zhou H. An elevated deoxycholic acid level induced by high-fat feeding damages intestinal stem cells by reducing the ileal IL-22. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 579:153-160. [PMID: 34601200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long-term high-fat diet (HFD) destroys the intestinal mucosal barrier by damaging intestinal stem cells (ISCs). A HFD can increase the concentration of intestinal deoxycholic acid (DCA) and decrease the secretion of interleukin-22 (IL-22), which plays an important role in the proliferation, repair and regeneration of ISCs. We hypothesized that increased level of intestinal DCA induced by a HFD leads to ISC dysfunction by reducing the IL-22 levels in intestinal tissues. In this study, 2 weeks of a DCA diet or a HFD damaged ileal ISC and its proliferation and differentiation, resulting in a decrease in Paneth cells and goblet cells. Importantly, 2 weeks of a DCA diet or a HFD also reduced ileal IL-22 concentration, accompanied by a decreased number of group 3 innate lymphoid cells in ileal mucosa, which produce IL-22 after intestinal injury. Concurrent feeding with bile acid binder cholestyramine prevented all these changes induced by a HFD. In addition, in vitro study further confirmed that exogenous IL-22 reversed the decline in the proliferation and differentiation of ileal ISCs induced by DCA stimulation. Collectively, these results revealed that the decrease in intestinal IL-22 induced by DCA may be a novel mechanism by which HFD damages ISCs. The administration of IL-22 or a bile acid binder may provide novel therapeutic targets for the metabolic syndrome caused by a HFD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leheng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlu Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lungen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shi L, Kong R, Li Z, Zhao H, Ma R, Bai G, Li J, Li Z. Identification of a new allele of O-fucosyltransferase 1 involved in Drosophila intestinal stem cell regulation. Biol Open 2021; 10:272697. [PMID: 34731235 PMCID: PMC8576262 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells are critical for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. However, how the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are regulated remains not fully understood. Here, we find a mutant, stum 9-3, affecting the proliferation and differentiation of Drosophila adult ISCs in a forward genetic screen for factors regulating the proliferation and differentiation ISCs. stum 9-3 acts through the conserved Notch signaling pathway, upstream of the S2 cleavage of the Notch receptor. Interestingly, the phenotype of stum 9-3 mutant is not caused by disruption of stumble (stum), where the p-element is inserted. Detailed mapping, rescue experiments and mutant characterization show that stum 9-3 is a new allele of O-fucosyltransferase 1 (O-fut1). Our results indicate that unexpected mutants with interesting phenotype could be recovered in forward genetic screens using known p-element insertion stocks. Summary: A mutant, stum 9-3, affecting the proliferation and differentiation of Drosophila adult intestinal stem cells (ISCs) was identified in a forward genetic screen for factors regulating the proliferation and differentiation ISCs. stum 9-3 acts through the Notch signaling pathway. Detailed mapping, rescue experiments and characterization show that stum 9-3 is not a stumble mutant where the p-element is inserted, but a new allele of O-fucosyltransferase 1 (O-fut1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ruiyan Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhengran Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Guang Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhouhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhou Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu JL. Drosophila intestinal homeostasis requires CTP synthase. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112838. [PMID: 34560103 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CTP synthase (CTPS) senses all four nucleotides and forms filamentous structures termed cytoophidia in all three domains of life. How CTPS and cytoophidia function in a developmental context, however, remains underexplored. We report that CTPS forms cytoophidia in a subset of cells in the Drosophila midgut. We found that cytoophidia exist in intestinal stem cells (ISC) and enteroblasts in similar proportions. Both refeeding after starvation and feeding with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induce ISC proliferation and elongate cytoophidia. Knockdown of CTPS inhibits ISC proliferation. Remarkably, disruption of CTPS cytoophidia inhibits DSS-induced ISC proliferation. Taken together, these data suggest that both the expression level and the filament-form property of CTPS are crucial for intestinal homeostasis in Drosophila.
Collapse
|
33
|
Hong Y, Zhou Z, Yu L, Jiang K, Xia J, Mi Y, Zhang C, Li J. Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus agilis feeding regulates intestinal stem cells activity by modulating crypt niche in hens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8823-8835. [PMID: 34708278 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we found that Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus agilis, and Lactobacillus aviarius were associated with excellent egg nutrition in native chicken. Next, the optimal Lactobacillus combination is worth studying. Here, a total of 120 HyLine hens (30 hens per group contained 3 replicate cells, 10 hens/cell) in the laying peak period were randomly divided into (1) control, (2) L. salivarius + L. agilis, (3) L. salivarius + L. aviarius, and (4) L. agilis + L. aviarius groups, fed with diet only or with corresponding Lactobacilli (108 colony-forming units/hen/day) for 30 days. As a result, L. salivarius + L. agilis feeding could (1) improve egg-laying rate, egg weight, and albumen's amino acid levels; (2) increase Lactobacillus abundance, decrease Escherichia coli abundance, upregulate the tryptophan metabolism pathway-related molecules, and downregulate the primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway-related molecules in intestinal contents; and (3) upregulate oxidative-phosphorylation pathway-related genes, reactive oxygen species levels, and mRNA abundance of Wnt3a, Dll1, Lgr5, CCDN1, and CDK2 in the crypt. Collectively, L. salivarius + L. agilis feeding in hens could improve intestinal microflora and metabolism profile, promote crypt's local energy metabolism and reactive oxygen species levels, and thus enhance Paneth cells and intestinal stem cells activity.Key points• Lactobacilli co-feeding could improve laying performance and egg nutrition.• Lactobacilli co-feeding could improve intestinal microflora and metabolism profile.• Lactobacilli co-feeding could enhance Paneth cells and intestinal stem cells activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzi Yu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyang Jiang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamiao Xia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Mi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiqiao Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu ZH, Xie WW, Zan GX, Gao CQ, Yan HC, Zhou JY, Wang XQ. Lauric acid alleviates deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal stem cell damage by potentiating the Akt/mTORC1/S6K1 signaling axis. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 348:109640. [PMID: 34506767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cell (ISC)-driven intestinal homeostasis is subjected to dual regulation by dietary nutrients and toxins. Our study investigated the use of lauric acid (LA) to alleviate deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced intestinal epithelial damage. C57BL/6 mice in the control, LA, DON, and LA + DON groups were orally administered PBS, 10 mg/kg BW LA, 2 mg/kg BW DON, and 10 mg/kg BW LA + 2 mg/kg BW DON for 10 days. The results showed that LA increased the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of the mice exposed to DON. Moreover, the DON-triggered impairment of jejunal morphology and barrier function was significantly improved after LA supplementation. Moreover, LA rescued ISC proliferation, inhibited intestinal cell apoptosis, and promoted ISC differentiation into absorptive cells, goblet cells, and Paneth cells. The jejunum crypt cells from the mice in the LA group expanded into enteroids, resulting in a significantly greater enteroid area than that in the DON group. Furthermore, LA reversed the DON-mediated inhibition of the Akt/mTORC1/S6K1 signaling axis in the jejunum. Our results indicated that LA accelerates ISC regeneration to repair intestinal epithelial damage after DON insult by reactivating the Akt/mTORC1/S6K1 signaling pathway, which provides new implications for the function of LA in ISCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wen-Wen Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Geng-Xiu Zan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xu ZY, Liu Y, Jiang YG, Huang JJ, Wu XW, Ren JA. [Establishment of mini-guts organoid and research on intestinal disease from the new perspective]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021; 24:638-643. [PMID: 34289550 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn.441530-20200422-00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal organoids, also named "mini-guts", reconstitute sophisticated three-dimensional architecture recapitulating diversified intestinal epithelial cell types and physiology, which is driven by the proliferative and self-assembling characteristics of crypt stem cells. The initiation of organoids study relies on the identification of Lgr5+ crypt stem cells from different intestinal segments and the key role of EGF, Wnt, BMP/TGF-β, Notch signal pathways within the microenvironment during the cultivation process. Besides constituting polarized crypt-villus structures, these "mini-guts" exhibit various effective functions of intestinal epithelium. Since 2009 when the culture system of small intestinal organoids was established by Sato et al, intestinal organoids excel conventional intestinal models depending on genetical mutation in multiple aspects and thus have become the hotspot among the research on intestinal diseases. Combined with genomics, material science and engineering, "mini-guts" have been widely applied to the research on intestinal development, intestinal transport physiology, epithelial barrier, pathogen-host interaction and the study on cystic fibrosis, infectious diarrhea, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, intestinal cancer, etc. In this review, we summarize the new insights introduced by organoid into the research on intestinal diseases, and related research advances and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Xu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Y Liu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Y G Jiang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - J J Huang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - X W Wu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - J A Ren
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jatko JT, Darling CL, Kellett MP, Bain LJ. Arsenic exposure in drinking water reduces Lgr5 and secretory cell marker gene expression in mouse intestines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 422:115561. [PMID: 33957193 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a global health concern that causes toxicity through ingestion of contaminated water and food. In vitro studies suggest that arsenic reduces stem and progenitor cell differentiation. Thus, this study determined if arsenic disrupted intestinal stem cell (ISC) differentiation, thereby altering the number, location, and/or function of intestinal epithelial cells. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 0 or 100 ppb sodium arsenite (AsIII) through drinking water for 5 weeks. Duodenal sections were collected to assess changes in morphology, proliferation, and cell types. qPCR analysis revealed a 40% reduction in Lgr5 transcripts, an ISC marker, in the arsenic-exposed mice, although there were no changes in the protein expression of Olfm4. Secretory cell-specific transcript markers of Paneth (Defa1), Goblet (Tff3), and secretory transit amplifying (Math1) cells were reduced by 51%, 44%, and 30% respectively, in the arsenic-exposed mice, indicating significant impacts on the Wnt-dependent differentiation pathway. Further, protein levels of phosphorylated β-catenin were reduced in the arsenic-exposed mice, which increased the expression of Wnt-dependent transcripts CD44 and c-myc. PCA analysis, followed by MANOVA and regression analyses, revealed significant changes and correlations between Lgr5 and the transit amplifying (TA) cell markers Math1 and Hes1, which are in the secretory cell pathway. Similar comparisons between Math1 and Defa1 show that terminal differentiation into Paneth cells is also reduced in the arsenic-exposed mice. The data suggests that ISCs are not lost following arsenic exposure, but rather, specific Wnt-dependent progenitor cell formation and terminal differentiation in the small intestine is reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Jatko
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Caitlin L Darling
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Michael P Kellett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Alharbi SA, Ovchinnikov DA, Wolvetang E. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 marks different cancer stem cell compartments in human Caco-2 and LoVo colon cancer lines. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:1578-1594. [PMID: 33958845 PMCID: PMC8058648 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i15.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer cell lines are widely used for research and for the screening of drugs that specifically target the stem cell compartment of colon cancers. It was reported that colon cancer carcinoma specimens contain a subset of leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5)-expressing stem cells, these so-called “tumour-initiating” cells, reminiscent in their properties of the normal intestinal stem cells (ISCs), may explain the apparent heterogeneity of colon cancer cell lines. Also, colon cancer is initiated by aberrant Wnt signaling in ISCs known to express high levels of LGR5. Furthermore, in vivo reports demonstrate the clonal expansion of intestinal adenomas from a single LGR5-expressing cell.
AIM To investigate whether colon cancer cell lines contain cancer stem cells and to characterize these putative cancer stem cells.
METHODS A portable fluorescent reporter construct based on a conserved fragment of the LGR5 promoter was used to isolate the cell compartments expressing different levels of LGR5 in two widely used colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2 and LoVo). These cells were then characterized according to their proliferation capacity, gene expression signatures of ISC markers, and their tumorigenic properties in vivo and in vitro.
RESULTS The data revealed that the LGR5 reporter can be used to identify and isolate a classical intestinal crypt stem cell-like population from the Caco-2, but not from the LoVo, cell lines, in which the cancer stem cell population is more akin to B lymphoma Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion region 1 homolog (+4 crypt) stem cells. This sub-population within Caco-2 cells exhibits an intestinal cancer stem cell gene expression signature and can both self-renew and generate differentiated LGR5 negative progeny. Our data also show that cells expressing high levels of LGR5/enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) from this cell line exhibit tumorigenic-like properties in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, cell compartments of LoVo that are expressing high levels of LGR5/EYFP did not show these stem cell-like properties. Thus, cells that exhibit high levels of LGR5/EYFP expression represent the cancer stem cell compartment of Caco-2 colon cancer cells, but not LoVo cells.
CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the presence of a spectrum of different ISC-like compartments in different colon cancer cell lines. Their existence is an important consideration for their screening applications and should be taken into account when interpreting drug screening data. We have generated a portable LGR5-reporter that serves as a valuable tool for the identification and isolation of different colon cancer stem cell populations in colon cancer lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samah Abdulaali Alharbi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24231, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Stem Cell Engineering Group, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Dmitry A Ovchinnikov
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Ernst Wolvetang
- Department of Stem Cell Engineering Group, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jiang D, Hou J, Qian Y, Gao Y, Gao X, Wei S. YTHDF1-regulated expression of TEAD1 contributes to the maintenance of intestinal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 557:85-89. [PMID: 33862464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modification has been defined as a crucial regulator in various biological processes. Recent studies indicated an essential role of YTHDF1, an m6A reader, in the maintenance of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), while the detailed mechanism remains to be explored. By searching our m6A sequencing, RNA sequencing, and ribosome profiling data, we identified the transcriptional enhanced associate domain 1 (TEAD1) as a direct target of YTHDF1. We confirmed the presence of m6A modifications in TEAD1 mRNA and its binding with YTHDF1. Knockdown of either m6A methyltransferase METTL3 or YTHDF1 reduced the translation of TEAD1. TEAD1 was highly expressed in ISCs, while depletion of TEAD1 inhibited proliferation and induced differentiation of organoids. Overexpression of TEAD1 reversed the impaired stemness elicited by YTHDF1 depletion. These findings identify TEAD1 as a functional target of m6A-YTHDF1 in sustaining intestinal stemness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingyu Hou
- Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunyi Gao
- Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangwei Gao
- Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Saisai Wei
- Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Background Obesity is a top public health problem associated with an increase in colorectal cancer incidence. Stem cells are the chief cells in tissue homeostasis that self-renew and differentiate into other cells to regenerate the organ. It is speculated that an increase in stem cell pool makes cells susceptible to carcinogenesis. In this review, we looked at the recent investigations linking obesity/high-fat diet-induced obesity to intestinal carcinogenesis with regard to intestinal stem cells and their niche. Findings High-fat diet-induced obesity may rise intestinal carcinogenesis by increased Intestinal stem cells (ISC)/progenitor’s population, stemness, and niche independence through activation of PPAR-δ with fatty acids, hormonal alterations related to obesity, and low-grade inflammation. However, these effects may possibly relate to the interaction between fats and carbohydrates, and not a fatty acid per se. Nonetheless, literature studies are inconsistency in their results, probably due to the differences in the diet components and limitations of genetic models used. Conclusion High-fat diet-induced obesity affects carcinogenesis by changing ISC proliferation and function. However, a well-matched diet and the reliable colorectal cancer models that mimic human carcinogenesis is necessary to clearly elucidate the influence of high-fat diet-induced obesity on ISC behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Pourvali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1981619573, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Monji
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1981619573, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yokoi Y, Adachi T, Sugimoto R, Kikuchi M, Ayabe T, Nakamura K. Simultaneous real-time analysis of Paneth cell and intestinal stem cell response to interferon-γ by a novel stem cell niche tracking method. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 545:14-19. [PMID: 33529805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Paneth cells and Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (Lgr5+ ISCs) constitute the stem cell niche and maintain small intestinal epithelial integrity by recognizing various niche factors derived from subepithelial cells and external antigens. Although it has been known that interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a Th1 cytokine, is associated with intestinal epithelial disruption during inflammation as a niche factor, dynamics of Paneth cells and Lgr5+ ISCs in response to IFN-γ remain to be understood. Here we show that CAG-tdTomato;Lgr5-EGFP (CT-LE) mice generated in this study enable to identify Paneth cells and Lgr5+ ISCs separately by fluorescence signals. Lgr5+ ISCs underwent cell death a little earlier than Paneth cells in response to IFN-γ by simultaneous tracking using CT-LE mice. In addition, the timing of cell death in most Paneth cells overlapped with Lgr5+ ISCs, suggesting that Paneth cell depletion is induced directly by IFN-γ. Taken together, we established a novel simultaneous stem cell niche tracking method and clarified the involvement of both Paneth cells and Lgr5+ ISCs in stem cell niche damage induced by IFN-γ, further contribute to understanding the mechanism for maintaining intestinal homeostasis by stem cell niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yokoi
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Department of Cell Biological Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takahiro Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Rina Sugimoto
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Mani Kikuchi
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Department of Cell Biological Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tokiyoshi Ayabe
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Department of Cell Biological Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan; Innate Immunity Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kiminori Nakamura
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Department of Cell Biological Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan; Innate Immunity Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-11, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Buddika K, Xu J, Ariyapala IS, Sokol NS. I-KCKT allows dissection-free RNA profiling of adult Drosophila intestinal progenitor cells. Development 2021; 148:dev.196568. [PMID: 33246929 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adult Drosophila intestinal epithelium is a model system for stem cell biology, but its utility is limited by current biochemical methods that lack cell type resolution. Here, we describe a new proximity-based profiling method that relies upon a GAL4 driver, termed intestinal-kickout-GAL4 (I-KCKT-GAL4), that is exclusively expressed in intestinal progenitor cells. This method uses UV crosslinked whole animal frozen powder as its starting material to immunoprecipitate the RNA cargoes of transgenic epitope-tagged RNA binding proteins driven by I-KCKT-GAL4 When applied to the general mRNA-binder, poly(A)-binding protein, the RNA profile obtained by this method identifies 98.8% of transcripts found after progenitor cell sorting, and has low background noise despite being derived from whole animal lysate. We also mapped the targets of the more selective RNA binder, Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), using enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (eCLIP), and report for the first time its binding motif in Drosophila cells. This method will therefore enable the RNA profiling of wild-type and mutant intestinal progenitor cells from intact flies exposed to normal and altered environments, as well as the identification of RNA-protein interactions crucial for stem cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasun Buddika
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | - Nicholas S Sokol
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kim HS, Song HJ, Kim HU, Jeong IH, Koh HM, Shin JH, Jang BG. Expression profile of intestinal stem cell and cancer stem cell markers in gastric cancers with submucosal invasion. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 218:153336. [PMID: 33450435 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are believed to be responsible for tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Submucosal invasion, which greatly enhances metastasis risk, is a critical step in gastric cancer (GC) progression. To identify stem cell-related markers associated with submucosal invasion and lymph node (LN) metastasis in GCs, we investigated the expression of candidate CSC markers (CD133, CD44, and ALDH1A) and intestinal stem cell (ISC) markers (EPHB2, OLFM4, and LGR5) in early GCs that manifested submucosal invasion. We discovered that EPHB2 and LGR5 expression was frequently confined to the basal area of the lamina propria (basal pattern) in mucosal cancer, and the proportion of stem cell marker-positive cells substantially increased during submucosal invasion. CD44 expression showed a focal pattern, ALDH1A was predominantly expressed diffusely, and there was no expansion of CD44 or ALDH1A expression in the submucosal cancer cells. Unexpectedly, no CSC markers showed any associations with LN metastasis, and only loss of EPHB2 expression was associated with increased LN metastasis. Treatment of RSPO2, a niche factor, along with Wnt 3a, to GC cells led to increased EPHB2 and LGR5 mRNA levels. RNA in situ hybridization confirmed specific RSPO2 expression in the smooth muscle cells of the muscularis mucosa, suggesting that RSPO2 is responsible for the increased expression of ISC markers in GC cells at the basal areas. In summary, no stem cell markers were associated with increased LN metastasis in early GCs. Conversely, isolated EPHB2 expression was associated with lower LN metastasis. EPHB2 and LGR5 showed a basal distribution pattern along with enhanced expression in submucosal invading cells in early GCs, which was induced by a niche factor, RSPO2, from the muscularis mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju National University Hospital, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju National University Hospital, South Korea
| | - Heung Up Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju National University Hospital, South Korea
| | - In Ho Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju National University Hospital, South Korea
| | - Hyun Min Koh
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyub Shin
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju National University Hospital, South Korea
| | - Bo Gun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine and Jeju National University Hospital, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The rapidly self-renewing epithelium in the mammalian intestine is maintained by multipotent intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the bottom of the intestinal crypt that are interspersed with Paneth cells in the small intestine and Paneth-like cells in the colon. The ISC compartment is also closely associated with a sub-epithelial compartment that contains multiple types of mesenchymal stromal cells. With the advances in single cell and gene editing technologies, rapid progress has been made for the identification and characterization of the cellular components of the niche microenvironment that is essential for self-renewal and differentiation of ISCs. It has become increasingly clear that a heterogeneous population of mesenchymal cells as well as the Paneth cells collectively provide multiple secreted niche signals to promote ISC self-renewal. Here we review and summarize recent advances in the regulation of ISCs with a main focus on the definition of niche cells that sustain ISCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Zhu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jiulong Hu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rongwen Xi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China. .,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Xiong X, Cheng Z, Wu F, Hu M, Liu Z, Dong R, Chen G. Berberine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: A possible pathway through Tuft cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111129. [PMID: 33348308 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease with complex pathogenesis, which is affected by genetic factors, intestinal immune status and intestinal microbial homeostasis. Intestinal epithelial barrier defect is crucial to the development of UC. Berberine, extracted from Chinese medicine, can identify bitter taste receptor on intestinal Tuft cells and activate IL-25-ILC2-IL-13 immune pathway to impair damaged intestinal tract by promoting differentiation of intestinal stem cells, which might be a potential approach for the treatment of UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Xiong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meilin Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Department of Coloproctology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Gastrointestinal & Anal Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ruolan Dong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen F, Su R, Ni S, Liu Y, Huang J, Li G, Wang Q, Zhang X, Yang Y. Context-dependent responses of Drosophila intestinal stem cells to intracellular reactive oxygen species. Redox Biol 2020; 39:101835. [PMID: 33360688 PMCID: PMC7772796 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to cellular redox environment and serve as signaling molecules. Excessive ROS can lead to oxidative stress that are involved in a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological conditions. Stem cells have unique ROS regulation while cancer cells frequently show a constitutive oxidative stress that is associated with the invasive phenotype. Antioxidants have been proposed to forestall tumor progression while targeted oxidants have been used to destroy tumor cells. However, the delicate beneficial range of ROS levels for stem cells and tumor cells under distinct contexts remains elusive. Here, we used Drosophila midgut intestinal stem cell (ISCs) as an in vivo model system to tackle this question. The ROS levels of ISCs remained low in comparison to that of differentiated cells and increased with ageing, which was accompanied by elevated proliferation of ISCs in aged Drosophila. Neither upregulation nor downregulation of ROS levels significantly affected ISCs, implicating an intrinsic homeostatic range of ROS in ISCs. Interestingly, we observed similar moderately elevated ROS levels in both tumor-like ISCs induced by Notch (N) depletion and extracellular matrix (ECM)-deprived ISCs induced by β-integrin (mys) depletion. Elevated ROS levels further promoted the proliferation of tumor-like ISCs while reduced ROS levels suppressed the hyperproliferation phenotype; on the other hand, further increased ROS facilitated the survival of ECM-deprived ISCs while reduced ROS exacerbated the loss of ECM-deprived ISCs. However, N- and mys-depleted ISCs, which resembled metastatic tumor cells, harbored even higher ROS levels and were subjected to more severe cell loss, which could be partially prevented by ectopic supply of antioxidant enzymes, implicating a delicate pro-surviving and proliferating range of ROS levels for ISCs. Taken together, our results revealed stem cells can differentially respond to distinct ROS levels under various conditions and suggested that the antioxidant-based intervention of stem cells and tumors should be formulated with caution according to the specific situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China
| | - Run Su
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China
| | - Shiwei Ni
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China
| | - Jiexiang Huang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China
| | - Gege Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China
| | - Yufeng Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350108, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cui Y, Franz AWE. Heterogeneity of midgut cells and their differential responses to blood meal ingestion by the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 127:103496. [PMID: 33188922 PMCID: PMC7739889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are the most notorious hematophagous insects and due to their blood feeding behavior and genetic compatibility, numerous mosquito species are highly efficient vectors for certain human pathogenic parasites and viruses. The mosquito midgut is the principal organ of blood meal digestion and nutrient absorption. It is also the initial site of infection with blood meal acquired parasites and viruses. We conducted an analysis based on single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-Seq) to assess the cellular diversity of the midgut and how individual cells respond to blood meal ingestion to facilitate its digestion. Our study revealed the presence of 20 distinguishable cell-type clusters in the female midgut of Aedes aegypti. The identified cell types included intestinal stem cells (ISC), enteroblasts (EB), differentiating EB (dEB), enteroendocrine cells (EE), enterocytes (EC), EC-like cells, cardia cells, and visceral muscle (VM) cells. Blood meal ingestion dramatically changed the overall midgut cell type composition, profoundly increasing the proportions of ISC and three EC/EC-like clusters. In addition, transcriptional profiles of all cell types were strongly affected while genes involved in various metabolic processes were significantly upregulated. Our study provides a basis for further physiological and molecular studies on blood digestion, nutrient absorption, and cellular homeostasis in the mosquito midgut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Cui
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Alexander W E Franz
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Katano T, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW. KLF4 Regulates Goblet Cell Differentiation in BMI1 + Reserve Intestinal Stem Cell Lineage during Homeostasis. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:424-431. [PMID: 32840226 PMCID: PMC7691855 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a zinc-finger transcription factor, expressed in villus cells of the intestinal epithelium, that promotes cellular differentiation and tissue homeostasis. Previous studies suggest that BMI1+ cells represent secretory progenitors with reserve intestinal stem cell (rISC) activity. However, it has not been elucidated how KLF4 contributes to crypt regeneration originated from BMI1+ rISC lineage during homeostasis. In this study, Bmi1-CreER;Rosa26eYFP (Bmi1Ctrl) and Bmi1-CreER;Rosa26eYFP;Klf4fl/fl (Bmi1ΔKlf4) mice were injected with tamoxifen to label BMI1+ cells and their lineage and to delete Klf4. During homeostasis, MUC2+ goblet cells appeared in the BMI1+ cell lineage 2, 3 and 7 days after tamoxifen administration. After Klf4 deletion in BMI1+ cells, the number of KLF4+ and MUC2+ cells in eYFP+ cells decreased in Bmi1ΔKlf4 mice compared with Bmi1Ctrl mice. Thus, KLF4 was positively correlated with goblet cell differentiation in BMI1+ cell derived lineage. In ex-vivo analysis, organoids derived from single eYFP+ cells of Bmi1Ctrl mice contained MUC2-expressing cells that co-expressed KLF4. On the other hand, organoids derived from Klf4-deleted eYFP+ cells from Bmi1ΔKlf4 mice showed reduced number of MUC2-expressing cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that KLF4 regulates goblet cell differentiation in BMI1+ ISC-derived lineage during homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Katano
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium limits host-luminal interactions and maintains gut homeostasis. Breakdown of the epithelial barrier and villous atrophy are hallmarks of coeliac disease. Besides the well characterized immune-mediated epithelial damage induced in coeliac mucosa, constitutional changes and early gluten direct effects disturb intestinal epithelial cells. The subsequent modifications in key epithelial signaling pathways leads to outnumbered immature epithelial cells that, in turn, facilitate epithelial dysfunction, promote crypt hyperplasia, and increase intestinal permeability. Consequently, underlying immune cells have a greater access to gluten, which boosts the proinflammatory immune response against gluten and positively feedback the epithelial damage loop. Gluten-free diet is an indispensable treatment for coeliac disease patients, but additional therapies are under development, including those that reinforce intestinal epithelial healing. In this chapter, we provide an overview of intestinal epithelial cell disturbances that develop during gluten intake in coeliac disease mucosa.
Collapse
|
49
|
Suzuki K, Okamoto R. Fluidigm Based Single-cell Gene Expression Library Preparation from Patient-derived Small Intestinal Organoids. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3775. [PMID: 33659432 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this protocol, we describe our methods to isolate crypts from patients' biopsy samples and to culture human intestinal stem cells as it's called "organoid." Beyond that, we describe how to dissociate organoids cells into single cells for single-cell analysis as a further application. This protocol should provide investigators sufficient tools to generate human organoids from biopsy samples and to accomplish a stable in-vitro assay system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wei G, Gao N, Chen J, Fan L, Zeng Z, Gao G, Li L, Fang G, Hu K, Pang X, Fan HY, Clevers H, Liu M, Zhang X, Li D. Erk and MAPK signaling is essential for intestinal development through Wnt pathway modulation. Development 2020; 147:dev.185678. [PMID: 32747435 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) is maintained by the orchestration of niche factors and intrinsic signaling networks. Here, we have found that deletion of Erk1 and Erk2 (Erk1/2) in intestinal epithelial cells at embryonic stages resulted in an unexpected increase in cell proliferation and migration, expansion of ISCs, and formation of polyp-like structures, leading to postnatal death. Deficiency of epithelial Erk1/2 results in defects in secretory cell differentiation as well as impaired mesenchymal cell proliferation and maturation. Deletion of Erk1/2 strongly activated Wnt signaling through both cell-autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. In epithelial cells, Erk1/2 depletion resulted in loss of feedback regulation, leading to Ras/Raf cascade activation that transactivated Akt activity to stimulate the mTor and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Moreover, Erk1/2 deficiency reduced the levels of Indian hedgehog and the expression of downstream pathway components, including mesenchymal Bmp4 - a Wnt suppressor in intestines. Inhibition of mTor signaling by rapamycin partially rescued Erk1/2 depletion-induced intestinal defects and significantly prolonged the lifespan of mutant mice. These data demonstrate that Erk/Mapk signaling functions as a key modulator of Wnt signaling through coordination of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during intestinal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaigai Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Na Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiwei Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lingling Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhiyang Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ganglong Gao
- Fengxian Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Liang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guojiu Fang
- Fengxian Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Kewen Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiufeng Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Heng-Yu Fan
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China .,Fengxian Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, China
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Joint Research Center for Translational Medicine, ECNU-Fengxian Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| |
Collapse
|