Lung adenocarcinoma discovered during the follow-up of lung-dominant connective tissue disease: a case report and literature review

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) can lead to lung cancer, which brings great challenges to differential diagnosis and comprehensive treatment. However, the clinical features of lung-dominant connective tissue disease (LD-CTD) related ILD combined with lung cancer has not been validated. We report the case of an 80-year-old woman with LD-CTD treated regularly with nintedanib who presented progressive dyspnoea and hypoxemia after recurrent viral infections. Her chest computed tomography (CT) showed aggravated interstitial fibrosis in both lower lungs with moderate right pleural effusion. Clinicians should be alert to lung cancer in patients who are experiencing poor responsiveness to treatment or acute progression of ILD. The available literatures about the differential diagnosis of clinical manifestations, imaging, treatment and prognosis of LD-CTD are reviewed and discussed in this study.

Forest, climate, and policy literature lacks acknowledgement of environmental justice, diversity, equity, and inclusion

Forests boast essential resources and potential to mitigate climate change, meriting the development of conservation policies on all governmental scales. Ecosystem services provided by forests, including biodiversity, air quality, and food and fuel production, make forests valuable assets for climate-vulnerable communities that often lack the means to cope with ecosystem service degradation resulting from climate change. Historically, these vulnerable communities are previously marginalized and socio-economically limited, and climate change augments already-existing injustices. Policy discussions around managing forests and carbon, therefore, must consider environmental justice as well as diversity, equity, and inclusion to better meet the needs of all constituents. Using R, we perform a review of forest, climate, and policy peer-reviewed literature published between 2018 and 2021 for prevalence of topics related to diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice (DEIJ). We select DEIJ terms a priori and a posteriori based on our understanding of DEIJ and common considerations of the literature. Out of 2891 unique articles, 15.7% of literature mentioned at least one DEIJ term in the title, keyword list, or abstract. We identify which journals have published DEIJ literature more often in the context of forest, climate, and policy, and we perform a co-occurrence analysis of additional common themes. Concepts such as ecosystem services and economics appeared often in the literature, as well as REDD+ as a specifically mentioned policy. We call for increased consideration of DEIJ in forest, climate, and policy discussions and literature, as vulnerable communities historically have been excluded from and victimized by the conversations held among large, economically motivated entities.

Applying social life cycle assessment in the informal recycling sector: Understanding challenges and limitations

The transition towards Circular Economy (CE) is a promising approach to sustainable development that may cause significant social impacts. Despite the benefits of CE initiatives, key players such as informal recyclers face serious social issues such as poverty, lack of social security, and discrimination. Although evaluating social impacts remains a considerable challenge, Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA) is recognized as a suitable methodology with a life cycle perspective. While most SLCA experiences are conducted in the formal sector, it is important to consider the informal sector, which plays a crucial role in developing countries. This article presents an analysis of SLCA studies in informal recycling settings in order to identify the challenges and adjustments required for informal settings. The analysis is based on a literature review and a documentary review of a pilot application of SLCA in the informal recycling system in Cuenca, Ecuador. The results show that SLCA requires adaptation to be applied in informal settings. There are particular challenges in delineating boundaries due to the fuzzy nature and variability of informal activities. Tasks such as establishing specific indicators, developing reference scales and data collection, require careful planning and active stakeholder participation. For instance, indicators regarding Fair Salary or Working hours were adapted based on best practices. Furthermore, tasks such as verifying and disseminating results should be included in interpretation phases to generate long-term impacts and influence behaviors. The study underscores SLCA's multidimensional view but highlights the need for further standardization and adaptation for informal sectors.

Expert panel consensus recommendations on the utilization of nebulized budesonide for managing asthma and COPD in both stable and exacerbation stages in Thailand

OBJECTIVE

This study investigated the utilization of nebulized budesonide for acute asthma and COPD exacerbations as well as for maintenance therapy in adults.

DATA SOURCES

We conducted a search on PubMed for nebulized budesonide treatment.

SELECTED STUDIES

Selecting all English-language papers that utilize Mesh phrases "asthma," "COPD," "budesonide," "nebulized," "adult," "exacerbation," and "maintenance" without temporal restrictions, and narrowing down to clinical research such as RCTs, observational studies, and real-world studies.

RESULTS

Analysis of 25 studies was conducted to assess the effectiveness of nebulized budesonide in asthma (n = 10) and COPD (n = 15). The panel in Thailand recommended incorporating nebulized budesonide as an additional or alternative treatment option to the standard of care and systemic corticosteroids (SCS) based on the findings.

CONCLUSION

Nebulized budesonide is effective and well-tolerated in treating asthma and COPD, with less systemic adverse effects compared to systemic corticosteroids. High-dose nebulized budesonide can enhance clinical outcomes for severe and mild exacerbations with slow systemic corticosteroid response. Nebulized budesonide can substitute systemic corticosteroids in some situations.

[French national standard for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of upper aero-digestive tract - General principles of treatment]

OBJECTIVES

The management of upper aerodigestive tract cancers is a complex specialty. It is essential to provide an update to establish optimal care. At the initiative of the INCa and under the auspices of the SFORL, the scientific committee, led by Professor Béatrix Barry, Dr. Gilles Dolivet, and Dr. Dominique De Raucourt, decided to develop a reference framework aimed at defining, in a scientific and consensus-based manner, the general principles of treatment for upper aerodigestive tract cancers applicable to all sub-locations.

METHODOLOGY

To develop this framework, a multidisciplinary team of practitioners was formed. A systematic analysis of the literature was conducted to produce recommendations classified by grades, in accordance with the standards of the French National Authority for Health (HAS).

RESULTS

The grading of recommendations according to HAS standards has allowed the establishment of a reference for patient care based on several criteria. In this framework, patients benefit from differentiated care based on prognostic factors they present (age, comorbidities, TNM status, HPV status, etc.), conditions of implementation, and quality criteria for indicated surgery (operability, resectability, margin quality, mutilation, salvage surgery), as well as quality criteria for radiotherapy (target volume, implementation time, etc.). The role of medical and postoperative treatments was also evaluated based on specific criteria. Finally, supportive care must be organized from the beginning and throughout the patients' care journey.

CONCLUSION

All collected data have led to the development of a comprehensive framework aimed at harmonizing practices nationally, facilitating decision-making in multidisciplinary consultation meetings, promoting equality in practices, and providing a state-of-the-art and reference practices for assessing the quality of care. This new framework is intended to be updated every 5 years to best reflect the latest advances in the field.

Nature-based solutions for coastal risk management in the Mediterranean basin: A literature review

The Mediterranean basin is one of the most vulnerable regions worldwide due to its population density, the concentration of economic activities along the coasts and borderline climatic balance. It is identified as one of the most critical erosion hotspots in Europe, mainly due to the degradation of coastal areas, overexploitation and unsustainable practices affecting beach tourism, agriculture and fishing. The region is also affected by other phenomena such as storms and floods, which are exacerbated by climate change. To mitigate and adapt to these environmental and climatic changes, Nature based Solutions (NbSs) are considered a promising step-forward. However, despite their global recognition in both research and policy, few scientific papers and documents on the state of NbSs implementation for coastal risk management in the Mediterranean exist. This paper aims to provide an understanding of the status of NbS adoption for coastal risk management in the Mediterranean through a literature review. Out of 162 scientific papers and documents, only 23 were found to be relevant to the study. Through the definition and support of an innovative matrix-based approach, the analysis of the state of adoption of NbSs have been performed. Despite the limited information on the state of the adoption of NbSs for coastal risk management in the Mediterranean due to the low numbers of scientific research and documents available, some key considerations have been revealed.

Global perspectives on risk factors for major joint burn contractures: A literature review

Contractures are a frequent consequence of burn injuries, yet our knowledge of associated risk factors is limited. This paper provides an extensive review of relevant literature from both High-Income Countries (HICs) and Low-Middle Income Countries (LMICs). Ninety-four papers (up to June 2019) and eight subsequent publications (up to March 2022) were included, 76% of which were from HICs. The majority of publications were either descriptive studies (4 from HICs, 9 from LMICs) or papers citing putative risk factors (37 from HICs, 10 from LMICs). Seventeen publications (all from HICs) reported on the effects of individual non-surgical therapeutic interventions, often with conflicting results. Two published systematic reviews emphasised the poor quality of evidence available. Only fifteen studies (3 from LMICs) examined potential contracture risk factors with statistical comparisons of outcomes; significant findings from these included demographic, burn, comorbidities, and treatment risk factors. LMIC papers included socioeconomic and healthcare system factors as potential risks for contracture; these were rarely considered in HIC publications. Methodological issues identified from this review of literature included differences in contracture definitions, populations studied, standards of care, joints included and the timing and nature of contracture assessments.This review is the first to collate existing knowledge on risk factors for burn contractures from both HIC and LMIC settings, revealing a surprising lack of robust evidence for many accepted risk factors. In LMICs, where burns are particularly common, universal health provision is lacking and specialist burn care is both scarce and difficult to access; consequently, socioeconomic factors may have more immediate impact on contracture outcomes than specific burn treatments or therapies. Much more work is indicated to fully understand the relative impacts of risk factors in different settings so that context-appropriate contracture prevention strategies can be developed.

Renal transplantation for infantile and juvenile cystinosis: Two case report and review of the literature

Cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder characterized by cystine buildup in various tissues, including the kidneys. Renal involvement is the primary manifestation, leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) if left untreated. Kidney transplantation (KT) in patients with cystinosis has significantly improved their prognosis for the disease outcome. Detailed reports on preoperative and Long-term postoperative management in these patients remain sparse. This report discusses the outcomes of two young adult patients of Middle Eastern descent with cystinosis who underwent KT. The first patient, diagnosed with infantile nephropathic cystinosis treated by cystine-depleting therapy, was operated by KT at the age of 18. The second patient, diagnosed with juvenile cystinosis, underwent transplantation at the age of 35 after being treated with hemodialysis. Our report describes detailed pre- and postoperative managements, including laboratory results, and pharmacological interventions. Both cases highlighted the varying clinical manifestations and disease severity between infantile and juvenile cystinosis. Pre-transplant conditions included renal dysfunction, growth retardation, secondary hyperparathyroidism, anemia, and extrarenal manifestations. Following KT, both patients experienced regained renal function, resolution of extrarenal complications, and normalization of laboratory parameters. Furthermore, both patients showed excellent postoperative outcomes with no acute rejection or allograft-related complications. KT is the treatment of choice for cystinosis patients with ESRD. Long-term follow-up post-transplantation is crucial to maintain good graft function. Further studies may elucidate optimal pre- and postoperative management protocols for this rare condition.

Analytical methods and biomonitoring results in hair for the assessment of exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals: A literature review

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) are compounds that alter functions of the endocrine system due to their ability to mimic or antagonize endogenous hormones, or that alter their synthesis and metabolism, causing adverse health effects. Human biomonitoring (HBM) is a reliable method to assess human exposure to chemicals through measurement in human body fluids and tissues. It identifies new sources of exposure and determines their distribution, thereby enabling detection of the most exposed populations. Blood and urine are commonly used for HBM of EDC, but their interest is limited for compounds presenting short half-lives. Hair appears as an interesting alternative insofar as it provides a large exposure window. For the present study, we evaluated the relevance of hair in determining EDC exposure. With this in mind, we undertook a literature review focusing on the bioanalytical aspects and performances of methods developed to determine EDC in hair. The literature review was performed through methodical bibliographical research. Relevant articles were identified using two scientific databases: PubMed and Web of Science, with search equations built from a combination of keywords, MeSH terms and Boolean operators. The search strategy identified 2949 articles. After duplicates were removed, and following title, abstract, and full-text screenings, only 31 were included for qualitative synthesis. Hair collection was mainly performed in the back of the head and preparation involved two processes: cutting into small pieces or grounding to powder. The off-line LC-MS/MS method remains the main technique used to assess EDC through hair. Differences regarding the validation of analytical methods and interpretation of HBM results were highlighted, suggesting a need for international harmonisation to obtain reliable and comparable results. External contamination of hair was identified as a main limitation in the interpretation of results, highlighting the need to better understand EDC transfers through hair and to develop relevant hair decontamination processes.

Jefferson fracture as sport injury in weight-lifting athlete: A rare case report and literature review

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE

Cervical spine fractures are rare in sports, but their potentially grave consequences mean that they must be given special attention. The aim of this study was to present the case of a recreational athlete with a fracture of C1 resulting from weightlifting.

CASE PRESENTATION

Young, recreational athlete came with severe neck pain right after weightlifting. There was no neurologic deficits occurred. X ray and CT scan examination showed complete fracture of the right posterior and anterior arch of C1 and disruptions of the right transverse foramen and ligament. MRI revealed no sign of impingement or compromised canal. Patient was then treated conservatively with sternal occipital mandibular immobilizer (SOMI) brace for 4 weeks. Thereafter, the neck pain resolved gradually. No neurologic deterioration occurred. At time of brace removal, patient was free of pain with normal motoric and sensory function.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION

Our case was the first report of a Jefferson fracture caused by a direct injury mechanism due to the weightlifting sport. The type III Jefferson fracture produced by this contrary injury mechanism showed that with adequate force, another spectrum of injury mechanisms may be created.

CONCLUSION

With adequate assessment and proper patient selection, Jefferson fracture can be treated effectively by SOMI brace with excellent functional outcomes.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation enhances the specificity of multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria: a critical narrative review

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated neurodegenerative disease that involves attacks of inflammatory demyelination and axonal damage, with variable but continuous disability accumulation. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method to characterize conduction loss and axonal damage in the corticospinal tract. TMS as a technique provides indices of corticospinal tract function that may serve as putative MS biomarkers. To date, no reviews have directly addressed the diagnostic performance of TMS in MS. The authors aimed to conduct a critical narrative review on the diagnostic performance of TMS in MS.

Methods

The authors searched the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies that reported the sensitivity and/or specificity of any reported TMS technique compared to established clinical MS diagnostic criteria. Studies were summarized and critically appraised for their quality and validity.

Results

Seventeen of 1,073 records were included for data extraction and critical appraisal. Markers of demyelination and axonal damage-most notably, central motor conduction time (CMCT)-were specific, but not sensitive, for MS. Thirteen (76%), two (12%), and two (12%) studies exhibited high, unclear, and low risk of bias, respectively. No study demonstrated validity for TMS techniques as diagnostic biomarkers in MS.

Conclusions

CMCT has the potential to: (1) enhance the specificity of clinical MS diagnostic criteria by "ruling in" true-positives, or (2) revise a diagnosis from relapsing to progressive forms of MS. However, there is presently insufficient high-quality evidence to recommend any TMS technique in the diagnostic algorithm for MS.

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis in People Living with HIV: Case Report and Literature Review

With the increase in the number of cases of autoimmune encephalitis (AE), the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of people living with HIV (PLWH) showing abnormal behavior, cognitive impairment or abnormal movements should be actively screened for the antibody panel of AE. Early recognition and treatment can prevent severe seizures or coma and markedly improve the prognosis of patients. The first-line immunotherapy for AE includes intravenous methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin. However, whether long-time immunosuppressive maintenance therapy is needed is debated. For PLWH, immunosuppressive therapy and even steroids could be more challenging. Here, we review and summarize the clinical characteristics often reported cases and report one case from our center to improve the diagnosis and treatment of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in PLWH.

Is model-estimated PM2.5 exposure equivalent to station-observed in mortality risk assessment? A literature review and meta-analysis

Model-estimated air pollution exposure assessments have been extensively employed in the evaluation of health risks associated with air pollution. However, few studies synthetically evaluate the reliability of model-estimated PM2.5 products in health risk assessment by comparing them with ground-based monitoring station air quality data. In response to this gap, we undertook a meticulously structured systematic review and meta-analysis. Our objective was to aggregate existing comparative studies to ascertain the disparity in mortality effect estimates derived from model-estimated ambient PM2.5 exposure versus those based on monitoring station-observed PM2.5 exposure. We conducted searches across multiple databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, using predefined keywords. Ultimately, ten studies were included in the review. Of these, seven investigated long-term annual exposure, while the remaining three studies focused on short-term daily PM2.5 exposure. Despite variances in the estimated Exposure-Response (E-R) associations, most studies revealed positive associations between ambient PM2.5 exposure and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, irrespective of the exposure being estimated through models or observed at monitoring stations. Our meta-analysis revealed that all-cause mortality risk associated with model-estimated PM2.5 exposure was in line with that derived from station-observed sources. The pooled Relative Risk (RR) was 1.083 (95% CI: 1.047, 1.119) for model-estimated exposure, and 1.089 (95% CI: 1.054, 1.125) for station-observed sources (p = 0.795). In conclusion, most model-estimated air pollution products have demonstrated consistency in estimating mortality risk compared to data from monitoring stations. However, only a limited number of studies have undertaken such comparative analyses, underscoring the necessity for more comprehensive investigations to validate the reliability of these model-estimated exposure in mortality risk assessment.

Assessing the benefits of advanced clinical practice for key stakeholders

BACKGROUND

Advanced clinical practice roles, usually filled by nurses, have had positive effects on clinical effectiveness, including in patient satisfaction, but their benefits for other stakeholders (such as employers, health professionals, education providers and commissioners and professional/regulatory bodies) are less clear.

AIM

This study aimed to identify UK research on the potential benefits of advanced clinical practice and evaluate the evidence base for key stakeholders in this field.

METHOD

A mixed-methods systematic literature review was carried out to inform a narrative interpretive synthesis.

FINDINGS

44 articles of mixed quality were identified. Consensus was found regarding the definition of and barriers and facilitators to advanced clinical practice. This role is split into substitution (eg, of doctors) and supplementation (eg, adding value) aspects, and the clinical practice element dominates. Training for the role varies, as do scope of practice and regulation.

CONCLUSION

There are several barriers to the implementation of advanced clinical practice and therefore the realisation of its benefits for key stakeholders. Areas requiring attention include training, support from others for role expansion and organisational issues.

How clinicians recognise people who are dying: An integrative review

BACKGROUND

Timely recognition of dying is important for high quality end-of-life care however, little is known about how clinicians recognise dying. Late recognition is common and can lead to futile treatment that can prolong or increase suffering and prevent a change in the focus of care.

AIM

To explore how clinicians caring for dying people recognise that they are in the last days or hours of life, as well as the factors that influence the recognition of dying.

DESIGN

A systematically constructed integrative review of the literature.

METHODS

Medline, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycInfo and Allied and Complementary Medicine were searched in July 2022. Papers were included if they were original research, discussed how clinicians recognise dying, available in English language and published in 2012 or later. A constant comparison approach was applied to the analysis and synthesis of the literature.

RESULTS

24 papers met the inclusion criteria. There were 3 main categories identified: 'Clues and signals' refers to prompts and signs that lead a clinician to believe a person is dying, incorporating the sub-categories 'knowing the patient over time', and 'intuition and experience'. 'Recognition by others' is where clinicians come to recognise someone is dying through others. This can be through a change in the context of care such as a tool or care plan or by communication with the team. 'Culture, system and practice' refers to the cultural beliefs of a setting that influences awareness of dying and denial of death as a possibility and avoidance of naming death and dying directly. System and practice of the setting also impact on recognition of dying. This involves work pace and intensity, shift systems and timing of senior reviews of patients. Uncertainty and its impact on recognition of dying are evident throughout the findings of this review. The seeking of certainty and the absence of the possibility of dying contributes to late recognition of dying.

DISCUSSION

Recognition of dying is a complex process that occurs over time, involving a combination of intuition and gathering of information, that is influenced by contextual factors. A culture where dying is not openly acknowledged or even named explicitly contributes to late recognition of dying. A shared language and consistent terminology for explicitly naming dying are needed. Uncertainty is intrinsic to the recognition of dying and therefore a shift to recognising the possibility of dying rather than seeking certainty is needed.

REGISTRATION

(PROSPERO) CRD42022360900. Registered September 2022.

Gallbladder mucocele caused by intestinal metaplasia in lithiasic cholecystitis: A case report and literature review of a rare association

INTRODUCTION

Mucin hypersecretion promoted by intestinal metaplasia can lead to gallstone formation. The presence of large amounts of mucin induced by a change in biliary epithelium structure is called a mucocele, a usually benign condition studied among animals but rarely described in humans. This entity must be distinguished from hydrops, a condition secondary to an impacted gallstone in the cystic duct leading to an outlet obstruction and distension of the gallbladder.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

We report a case of a 51-year-old female with lithiasic cholecystitis showing areas of intestinal metaplasia associated with a mucocele. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed with an uneventful postoperative course. Macroscopic findings revealed a dilated gallbladder filled with mucoid fluid. Signs of chronic and focally acute cholecystitis with areas of intestinal metaplasia were observed microscopically.

DISCUSSION

Lithiasic gallbladders can bear a gene that is found in goblet cells of intestinal metaplasia, leading to mucin hypersecretion. Metaplasia - a benign lesion often encountered on cholecystectomy specimens - can be the precursor of carcinoma. Mucin-producing gallbladder carcinoma is a very aggressive tumor that can appear as a mucocele. Consequently, preoperative computed tomography or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography should be performed in the presence of an unusual aspect on sonography.

CONCLUSION

Metaplastic changes in gallbladder epithelium associated with an overproduction of mucin and lithiasic cholecystitis reported in this case is a rarity. Malignancy is an alternative diagnosis of gallbladder mucocele that must be suspected whenever preoperative imaging of the gallbladder is atypical.

Aberrant mediastinal basal pulmonary artery encountered at anatomical lung resection: A case report and review of the literature

INTRODUCTION

Abnormal branching of the pulmonary artery is often encountered in anatomical lung resection, which can potentially result in accidental vessel injury with life-threatening bleeding or extra lung resection. The mediastinal basal pulmonary artery (Arteria Praebronchialis, AP) is a very rare but potentially critical variant.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

We present the case of a patient with lung cancer accompanied by the left basal segmental pulmonary artery, independent A8a+9, which was liable to be injured during lower lobectomy with poor interlobar fissure development. This variation was preoperatively recognized using three-dimensional contrast-enhanced computed tomography (3D-CECT) angiography, and vessel injury was avoided.

DISCUSSION AND LITERATURE REVIEW

3D-CECT angiography was effective in identifying this rare but potentially critical variation, and it is desirable to perform it routinely before anatomical lung resection. A review of 31 AP cases revealed that the branching pattern of AP was independent (15 patients, 48 %) and common trunk type (16 patients, 52 %), one half for each. Mediastinal branching of the lingular artery was more frequent among the reported AP cases (71 %) than in general reports.

CONCLUSION

When mediastinal branches of left pulmonary artery are encountered, the possibility that it is AP should be always taken into account.

Classification of Chronic Hydrocephalus in Adults: A Systematic Review and Analysis

BACKGROUND

Chronic hydrocephalus in adults (CHiA) includes all nonacute forms of hydrocephalus occurring in adulthood. It covers a spectrum of disorders. Some of these have relatively agreed on definitions, while others are less well characterized. The existing medical classification systems lack adequate structure and are neither clinically oriented nor easy to use, which severely hampers research and clinical care efforts.

METHODS

A systematic literature review and data analysis were performed, focusing on the terms "adult hydrocephalus" and "classification," using the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. Data on terminology, definitions, patient demographics, symptom duration, and clinical presentations were extracted, analyzed, and compiled. A Delphi process was followed to define CHiA disorders.

RESULTS

A total of 33 studies collectively used 48 terms to define various CHiA disorders. Different terms were used to describe similar conditions. CHiA disorders were found to be clustered into 7 distinctive clinical entities based on the clinical characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS

An evidence-based new clinical classification for CHiA is suggested. Our review identified gaps in knowledge and areas for further research.

Subtrochanteric Osteotomy in Direct Anterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty for Crowe IV Dysplasia-Surgical Technique and Literature Review

For Crowe IV dysplasia, the clinical efficacy and surgical technique of subtrochanteric osteotomy (SO) within the direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty (DAA-THA) was a subject of debate. This study aimed to describe the surgical technique and clinical outcomes in 11 cases of SO in DAA-THA and to summarize the relevant literature on this topic. Between June 2016 and June 2023, we retrospectively evaluated patients diagnosed with Crowe IV hip dysplasia at our institution. Criteria identified 11 patients who underwent SO during DAA-THA. Comprehensive data encompassing demographic information, radiological data, prosthetic implant type, and surgical intricacies were collected. In addition, an exhaustive review of existing case series literature was undertaken utilizing the PubMed databases. There were no revisions, deaths, dislocations, or infections. One hip (9.09%) had an intraoperative proximal split fracture, two hips (18.2%) had lower limb deep vein thrombosis, and one hip (9.09%) had symptoms of femoral nerve injury. Radiological data showed improved bilateral femoral offset, leg length discrepancy, and anatomical acetabular. During the mean follow-up of 2.18(1.06-2.46) years, patients demonstrated enhanced functional outcomes, with average changes of 25.2 in the Harris hip score and 47 in the WOMAC score. Reviewing the literature, most studies have favored S-ROM prostheses and transverse osteotomy techniques. Intraoperative fractures were notably frequent, with rates peaking at 25%. Nonunion and nerve injury were secondary common complications. SO via DAA-THA may offer satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcomes, but the literature review underscores the need for heightened awareness of intraoperative fracture risk. Proximal detachment of the vastus intermedius plays a pivotal role in SO exposure through the DAA.

What do we know about plastic pollution in Brazilian aquatic ecosystems?

Due to the increasing use and inadequate disposal of plastic by humans, aquatic environments have become receptacles for pollutants such as plastic. This study aimed to perform an analysis of plastic particles pollution in Brazilian aquatic ecosystems with special attention to inland aquatic environments and fish in order to identify information gaps in this field. Manuscripts published in the last 21 years and indexed in the Web of Science database were consulted. A total of 185 met the proposed inclusion criteria, such as having empirical data, being conducted in Brazil, and dealing with plastic pollution. In general, the number of studies increases over the years, and this increasing number of publications is accompanied by declared financial support; the Southeast and Northeast regions are the regions that publish the most on the topic, with São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Pernambuco being the main states; the main focus of the studies is the detection of plastic particles mainly in biota (51%) and sediment (34%), and the most frequent ecosystem is the marine (89%); regarding the taxa, the majority is about plastic detection in fish (75%). Only 18% of the papers studying fishes consider their bio-ecological data, and only 17% of the manuscripts carried out the chemical characterization of the particles. However, 99% of the papers considered the shape of the plastic particle. We emphasize the need for more research and grants for studies with Brazilian inland aquatic ecosystems on the effects of plastic particle pollution on freshwater fish. Regional and national research funding agencies are very important to encourage an increase in the number of grants and specific calls for studies on plastic pollution and its impact on freshwater biota, considering the different macro-regions in Brazil, especially in the northern region.

Acute interstitial nephritis caused by ANCA-associated vasculitis: a case based review

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) typically manifests as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with crescent formation. In this report, we present a local case of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-AAV-associated acute interstitial nephritis (AIN), showing slight pauci-immune glomerulonephritis and positive MPO-ANCA. This case is characterized by foot process effacement of podocytes in the glomerulus, a favorable prognosis, and an absence of crescentic formation. To further understand this condition, we conducted a comprehensive literature search on Google Scholar and PubMed, employing both free text words and MeSH terms related to "AAV and AIN." This search yielded 24 cases, which we analyzed for their clinical features, laboratory findings, renal pathological characteristics, and therapeutic outcomes. AAV-associated interstitial nephritis predominantly affects elderly patients and is often associated with anemia, proteinuria, hematuria, and nonspecific manifestations, including fever, anorexia, fatigue, edema, and weight loss. Most of the cases in our review were MPO-ANCA-positive and exhibited isolated interstitial inflammation. These patients typically presented with relatively lower levels of serum creatinine, 24-h urine protein levels, and MPO-ANCA titers. All patients in our study received immunosuppressive therapy, including glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and rituximab, with the majority achieving clinical remission. Isolated AIN in the context of AAV is a rare occurrence, but it displays distinct clinical, laboratory, and pathological features. Patients with this presentation show a positive response to immunosuppressive treatment. Nevertheless, the establishment of definitive therapy guidelines for AAV-associated AIN remains uncertain and necessitates further investigation to develop comprehensive treatment guidelines. AIN, particularly when lacking typical glomerulus lesions, may represent a novel subgroup within MPO-AAV warranting additional research and clinical attention. Key Points • This study contributes valuable scientific insights by highlighting that MPO-AAV-associated interstitial nephritis, even without crescentic formation, can exhibit podocyte foot process effacement and respond well to treatment. • The presence of AIN, independent of crescentic glomerulonephritis, suggests the potential emergence of a new subclass within MPA-AAV. • Notably, some cases of MPO-AAV-associated AIN may present with normal levels of Scr (Table 5, cases 5, 6, and 17). • This observation highlights the importance of considering renal biopsy, diagnosis, and therapy in a timely manner to prevent the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Substance use and treatment disparities among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders: A systematic review

BACKGROUND

The increasing relevance of substance use disorder (SUD) within the Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AA&NH/PI) communities, particularly amidst rising anti-Asian hate incidents and the disproportionate health and economic challenges faced by the NH/PI community during the COVID-19 pandemic, underscores the urgency of understanding substance use patterns, treatment disparities, and outcomes.

METHODS

Following PRISMA guidelines, 37 out of 231 studies met the search criteria. Study characteristics, study datasets, substance use rates, SUD rates, treatment disparities, treatment quality, completion rates, and analyses disaggregated by the most specific AA&NH/PI ethnic group reported were examined.

RESULTS

Despite increased treatment admissions over the past two decades, AA&NH/PI remain underrepresented in treatment facilities and underutilize SUD care services. Treatment quality and completion rates are also lower among AA&NH/PI. Analyses that did not disaggregate AA and NHPI as distinct groups from each other or that presented aggregate data only within AA or NHPI as a whole were common, but available disaggregated analyses reveal variations in substance use and treatment disparities among ethnic groups. There is also a lack of research in exploring within-group disparities, including specific case of older adults and substance use.

CONCLUSION

To address disparities in access to substance use treatment and improve outcomes for AA&NH/PI populations, targeted interventions and strategic data collection methods that capture diverse ethnic groups and languages are crucial. Acknowledging data bias and expanding data collection to encompass multiple languages are essential for fostering a more inclusive approach to addressing SUD among AA&NH/PI populations.

The role of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 3 (CDKN3) in promoting human tumors: Literature review and pan-cancer analysis

Background

Although many experiments and clinical studies have proved the link between the expression of CDKN3 and human tumors, we have not been able to identify any bioinformatics study in which the extensive tumor-promoting effect of CDKN3 was systematically analyzed.

Objective

Explore the extensive tumor-promoting effects of CDKN3 and review the research progress of CDKN3 in cancer.

Methods

We systematically reviewed the literature on CDKN3 and tumors. We explored the potential tumor-promoting effects of CDKN3 on different tumors in the TCGA database and the GTEx database using multiple platforms and websites. We studied the expression level of CDKN3, survival, prognosis, diagnosis, genetic variation, immune infiltration, and enrichment analysis using databases such as TIMER 2.0, GEPIA2, cBioPortal, and STRING.

Results

We found that CDKN3 is highly expressed in most tumors. The expression of CDKN3 is closely related to the prognosis of some tumors. And CDKN3 may have diagnostic value. The conclusion of our literature review is roughly the same, but there are differences, which are worthy of further study. Moreover, CDKN3 may be related to immune cell infiltration in tumor tissues. The genetic alteration of LUAD, STAD, SARC, PCPG, and ESCA with "Amplification" as the main type. In addition, through enrichment analysis, we found that CDKN3 affects tumors mainly through the control of the cell cycle and mitosis.

Conclusion

CDKN3 is highly expressed in most tumor tissues and has a statistical correlation with survival prognosis. It has extensive tumor-promoting effects that may be related to mechanisms such as immune infiltration.

Treatment guidelines for rare, early-onset conditions associated with epileptic seizures: a literature review on Rett syndrome and tuberous sclerosis complex

BACKGROUND

Rett syndrome (RTT) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are two rare disorders presenting with a range of different epileptic seizures. Seizure management requires careful therapy selection, thereby necessitating development of high-quality treatment guidelines. This targeted literature review (TLR) aimed to characterise country-specific and international treatment guidelines available for pharmacological management of seizures in RTT and TSC.

METHODS

A TLR was performed between 25-Jan and 11-Mar 2021. Manual searches of online rare disease and guideline databases, and websites of national heath technology assessment bodies were conducted for the following countries: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Spain, Switzerland, UK, and US as defined by pre-specified eligibility criteria. Search terms were developed for each condition and translated into local languages where appropriate. Eligible publications were defined as guidelines/guidance reporting pharmacological management of seizures in patients with RTT and TSC. Guideline development methodology, geographical focus, author information and treatment recommendations were extracted from guidelines. An author map was generated using R version 3.5.1 to visualise extent of collaboration between authors.

RESULTS

24 total guidelines were included, of which three and six contained only recommendations for RTT and TSC, respectively (some provided recommendations for ≥ 1 condition). Guideline development processes were poorly described (50% [12 guidelines] had unclear/absent literature review methodologies); reported methodologies were variable, including systematic literature reviews (SLRs)/TLRs and varying levels of expert consultation. Most (83% [20/24]) were country-specific, with guideline authors predominantly publishing in contained national groups; four guidelines were classified as 'International,' linking author groups in the US, UK, Italy and France. High levels of heterogeneity were observed in the availability of treatment recommendations across indications, with 13 and 67 recommendations found for RTT and TSC, respectively. For RTT, all treatment recommendations were positive and sodium valproate had the highest number of positive recommendations (Khwaja, Sahin (2011) Curr Opin Pediatr 23(6):633-9). All TSC treatments (21 medications) received either exclusively negative (National Organization for Rare Disorders (2019)) or positive (Chu-Shore et al. (2010) Epilepsia 51(7):1236-41) recommendations; vigabatrin received the highest number of positive recommendations (Kaur, Christodoulou (2019)).

CONCLUSIONS

This review highlights the need for the development of international high-quality and comprehensive consensus-based guidance for the management of seizures with pharmacological therapy in RTT and TSC.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

Not applicable.

A scoping review on the methodological and reporting quality of scoping reviews in China

BACKGROUND

Scoping reviews have emerged as a valuable method for synthesizing emerging evidence, providing a comprehensive contextual overview, and influencing policy and practice developments. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of scoping reviews conducted in Chinese academic institutions over the last decades.

METHOD

We conducted a comprehensive search of nine databases and six grey literature databases for scoping reviews conducted in Chinese academic institutions. The reporting quality of the included reviews was assessed using the Preferred Reporting Items for PRISMA-ScR checklist. We performed both quantitative and qualitative analyses, examining the conduct of the scoping reviews and exploring the breadth of research topics covered. We used Chi-squared and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests to compare methodological issues and reporting quality in English and Chinese-language reviews.

RESULTS

A total of 392 reviews published between 2013 and 2022 were included, 238 English-reported reviews and 154 Chinese-reported reviews, respectively. The primary purposes of these reviews were to map and summarize the evidence, with a particular focus on health and nursing topics. 98.7% of reviews explicitly used the term "scoping review", and the Arksey and O'Malley framework was the most frequently cited framework. Thirty-five English-reported scoping reviews provided a protocol for scoping review. PubMed was the most common source in English-reported reviews and CNKI in Chinese-reported reviews. Reviews published in English were more likely to search the grey literature (P = 0.005), consult information specialists (P < 0.001) and conduct an updated search (P = 0.012) than those in Chinese. Reviews published in English had a significantly high score compared to those published in Chinese (16 vs. 14; P < 0.001). The reporting rates in English-reported reviews were higher than those in Chinese reviews for seven items, but lower for structured summary (P < 0.001), eligibility criteria (P < 0.001), data charting process (P = 0.009) and data items (P = 0.015).

CONCLUSION

There has been a significant increase in the number of scoping reviews conducted in Chinese academic institutions each year since 2020. While the research topics covered are diverse, the overall reporting quality of these reviews is need to be improved. And there is a need for greater standardization in the conduct of scoping reviews in Chinese academic institutions.

Can glass polyalkenoate (glass-ionomer) dental cements be considered bioactive? A review

Objectives

This paper reviews the chemical behaviour of glass polyalkenoate (glass-ionomer) dental cements, both conventional and resin-modified, in contact with natural tissues, with the aim of determining whether these materials can be considered to be bioactive.

Data

Relevant papers describing the behaviour of bioactive glasses and ceramics, and glass-ionomer (glass polyalkenoate) cements have been identified using PubMed and Science Direct. This has allowed a comparison to be made between the behaviour of glass-ionomers and the speciality glasses and ceramics that are widely classified as bioactive, a designation considered valid for over fifty years. More recent papers concerning bioactive metals and polymers have also been studied and both in vitro and in vivo studies are included.

Sources

Have included general papers on the chemistry and biological behaviour of bioactive glasses and ceramics, as well as papers on glass-ionomers dealing with (i) ion release, (ii) bonding to the surface of teeth, (iii) influence on surrounding pH and (iv) interaction with bone.

Conclusion

The literature shows that glass-ionomers (glass polyalkenoates) have three types of behaviour that are similar to those of bioactive glasses as follows: Formation of direct bonds to living tissue (teeth and bones) without fibrous capsule; release of biologically beneficial ions; and change of the local pH. However, in in vitro tests, they do not cause calcium phosphate to precipitate from solutions of simulated body fluid, SBF. Despite this, studies show that, in patients, glass-ionomers interact chemically with hard tissues and this suggests that may indeed be considered bioactive.

The bibliometric analysis of previous twenty- five years' literature: A microfinance review

The tremendous increase in publications in Microfinance since 2000 has highlighted need for and importance of innovative techniques to present big data in this field in a most informative, scientific, and summarized manner. The study highlights the trends and patterns of Microfinance literature by revealing what has been done and what could be done in future. The study comprises of 1429 microfinance publications extracted from the Scopus database. The authors adopt bibliometric analysis through open software application R and network analysis techniques using Gephi AND VOS viewer software. The study adds a valuable contribution to the field of Microfinance by distinctively summarizing the important literature. It identifies global academic research trends and provides insights about trending topics, highly cited literature, authors, countries, collaboration network, word cloud, citation analysis, etc. Finally based on extensive literature survey through bibliometric analysis. The study highlights about the scope of future research in Microfinance.

Hereditary spastic paraparesis type 46 (SPG46): new GBA2 variants in a large Italian case series and review of the literature

Hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP) is a group of central nervous system diseases primarily affecting the spinal upper motor neurons, with different inheritance patterns and phenotypes. SPG46 is a rare, early-onset and autosomal recessive HSP, linked to biallelic GBA2 mutations. About thirty families have been described worldwide, with different phenotypes like complicated HSP, recessive cerebellar ataxia or Marinesco-Sjögren Syndrome. Herein, we report five SPG46 patients harbouring five novel GBA2 mutations, the largest series described in Italy so far. Probands were enrolled in five different centres and underwent neurological examination, clinical cognitive assessment, column imaging for scoliosis assessment, ophthalmologic examination, brain imaging, GBA2 activity in peripheral blood cells and genetic testing. Their phenotype was consistent with HSP, with notable features like upper gaze palsy and movement disorders. We review demographic, genetic, biochemical and clinical information from all documented cases in the existing literature, focusing on the global distribution of cases, the features of the syndrome, its variable presentation, new potential identifying features and the significance of measuring GBA2 enzyme activity.

Parameters influencing health-related quality of life after severe trauma: a systematic review (part II)

INTRODUCTION

It is increasingly recognized that health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a relevant outcome to study in populations comprising severely injured patients. Although some studies have readily demonstrated a compromised HRQoL in those patients, evidence regarding factors that predict HRQoL is scarce. This hinders attempts to prepare patient-specific plans that may aid in revalidation and improved life satisfaction. In this review, we present identified predictors of HRQoL in patients that have suffered severe trauma.

METHODS

The search strategy included a database search until the 1st of January 2022 in the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science, and reference checking. Studies were eligible for inclusion when (HR)QoL was studied in patients with major, multiple, or severe injury and/or polytrauma, as defined by authors by means of an Injury Severity Score (ISS) cut-off value. The results will be discussed in a narrative manner.

RESULTS

A total of 1583 articles were reviewed. Of those, 90 were included and used for analysis. In total, 23 possible predictors were identified. The following parameters predicted reduced HRQoL in severely injured patients and came forward in at least more than three studies: higher age, female gender, lower extremity injuries, higher rate of injury severity, lower achieved educational level, presence of (pre-existing) comorbidities and mental illness, longer duration of hospital stay, and high level of disability.

CONCLUSION

Age, gender, injured body region, and severity of injury were found to be good predictors of health-related quality of life in severely injured patients. A patient-centered approach, based on individual, demographic, and disease-specific predictors, is highly recommended.

Exploring the Behaviour Change Wheel and the Theoretical Domains Framework in interventions for mobile phone driver distraction: A scoping review

Mobile phone use while driving remains a significant traffic safety concern. Although numerous interventions have been developed to address it, there is a gap in the synthesis of relevant information through a comprehensive behaviour change lens. This scoping review uses the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to examine the literature to (a) identify behavioural constructs targeted in interventions for mobile phone use while driving, (b) determine if the intervention success varied by sociodemographic group (e.g., age, gender, driving experience), and (c) map interventions to TDF domains to highlight areas for future research. Following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews, we searched seven databases and identified 5,202 articles. After screening, 50 articles detailing 56 studies met the following inclusion criteria: (a) intervention studies, (b) providing details on methods and results, (c) written in English, and (d) targeting any driver behaviour related to mobile phone use while driving with a bottom-up approach, using not regulation or law enforcement, but individuals' psychological processes, such as cognitive, behavioural, and emotional. Findings show that most interventions targeted young drivers and were typically effective. Except for a few studies, the effectiveness of interventions targeting different sociodemographic groups either remained untested or revealed nonsignificant differences. This finding points to a gap in the literature, indicating a need for further investigation into the efficacy of interventions for different groups, and for tailoring and testing them accordingly. The interventions also often targeted multiple TDF domains, complicating the interpretation of the relative efficacy of specific domains. Most frequently targeted domains included beliefs and consequences, emotions, knowledge, social influence, social/professional role and identity, and behavioural regulation. Physical skills and optimism domains were not targeted in any intervention. Further, almost all interventions addressed deliberate engagement in mobile phone distractions, while the automatic and fast processes involved in such behaviours were often overlooked. Mobile phone distractions are in part habitual behaviours, yet the existing mitigation efforts mostly assumed intentional engagement. More focus on the habitual nature of mobile phone distractions is needed.

Empyema necessitans caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a case report and literature review

BACKGROUND

Empyema necessitans (EN) is a rare condition characterized by pleural infection with pus spreading into adjacent soft tissues. Although Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Actinomyces israelii are common causative agents, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is relatively rare, but it is associated with high mortality in empyema cases. We aimed to report a unique case of EN caused by MRSA and present a literature review to better understand this rare condition.

CASE PRESENTATION

A 69-year-old man with a history of right ureteral stone presented with fever and left anterior thoracic pain. A physical examination revealed redness and swelling in the left thoracic region. Imaging studies confirmed EN with fluid accumulation around the sternocostal joint of the left first rib. MRSA was identified from blood and pleural fluid cultures. The patient received antimicrobial therapy, and a chest tube was inserted for drainage. Despite initial improvement, vertebral osteomyelitis was diagnosed on day 17. The antimicrobials were subsequently terminated after 6 weeks, but vertebral osteomyelitis recurred, and treatment was resumed and completed on day 215.

CONCLUSION

EN caused by MRSA is rare, and the literature review revealed 14 cases from human sources. Positive blood cultures were observed in 40% of cases, and metastatic infections were present in 30% of cases. Osteomyelitis was the most common type of metastatic lesion. All the patients underwent drainage. Patients with MRSA-associated EN frequently develop disseminated lesions and should therefore be carefully examined. Moreover, appropriate treatment with antibiotics and drainage is necessary for a good prognosis. Although the prognosis appeared to be favorable in our review, publication bias and treatment challenges for metastatic infections should be considered.

Exploring the transformative power of blended learning for Business English majors in China (2012-2022) - A bibliometric voyage

This paper thoroughly examines the time distribution, author collaboration, research institutions, research hotspots, theme clustering, and research changes and trends based on 345 CNKI literatures in the field of blended learning for Business English majors in China from 2012 to 2022. It reveals that: Research on blended learning for Business English majors in China from 2012 to 2022 can be divided into Steady Start Stage (2012-2017), Rapid Growth Stage (2018-2020) and Stable Development Stage (2021-2022). High-frequency keywords such as blended teaching mode, MOOC, flipped classroom, SPOC, etc. are hotspots of current scholars' attention. The themes of research on blended learning of business English majors in China mainly include Teaching Reform of Business English Majors, Exploration of Blended Teaching Mode and Design, and Application of Internet Teaching Platform. "Teaching Reform", "Online and Offline", "Application of Smart Platform" are the current research frontier issues in the development of blended learning for Business English majors in China. In general, China's research on blended learning for business English majors has achieved fruitful results under China's policies. Future research should concentrate on the construction of a technology environment for blended learning between learners, a variety of intelligent learning tools and mobile devices, and should be steadily bolstered in the field of blended learning for business English majors, particularly in practical application, effectiveness analysis, distance education, training and continuing education, innovation education, etc.

Vertebral body tethering for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a review

PURPOSE

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) remains the most common type of pediatric scoliosis, mostly affecting children between ages 10 and 18. Vertebral body tethering (VBT) offers a non-fusion alternative to the gold standard spinal fusion that permits flexibility and some growth within instrumented segments. This article will serve as a comprehensive literature review of the current state-of-the-art of VBT in relation to radiographic and clinical outcomes, complications, and the learning curve associated with the procedure.

METHODS

A systematic literature review was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from April 2002 to December 2022. Studies were included if they discussed VBT and consisted of clinical studies in which a minimum 2-years follow-up was reported, and series that included anesthetic considerations, learning curve, and early operative morbidity.

RESULTS

Forty-nine studies spanning the period from April 2002 to December 2022 were reviewed.

CONCLUSION

This article illustrates the potential benefits and challenges of the surgical treatment of AIS with VBT and can serve as a basis for the further study and refinement of this technique ideally as a living document that will be updated regularly.

What about the fundamentals of nursing-its interventions and its continuity among older people in need of home- or facility-based care: a scoping review

AIM

This scoping review investigated and descriptively summarised previous research about fundamental nursing, its focus (what care needs are described, how is it described and by whom is it described), continuity of care (is it described in relation to fundamental nursing) and possible nursing interventions or activities targeting older people's fundamentals of care needs in home- or facility-based care.

METHODS

This scoping review was carried out following the steps of Arksey and O'Malley's methodology and PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines. Searches were conducted in PubMed via NIH, CINAHL via EBSCO and PsycInfo via ProQuest for the time period between January 2002 and May 2023.

RESULTS

Forty-two studies were included where the majority had been conducted in a facility-based care context. Nutrition-or rather nutritional care activities targeting eating and drinking-was the most frequently described fundamental care needs addressed. After this came personal care such as cleansing, dressing, oral care, skin, and foot care. Few studies addressed more than one fundamental care need at the time. The nursing staff described fundamental nursing as complex, comprehensive, and demanding. Older people and relatives described a gap between the fundamental nursing provided and their perceived need for support. Less attention was given to older peoples relational and psychosocial needs. Identified nursing interventions mainly targeted physical care needs. Our findings also implied that interventions focusing on fundamental nursing were described as feasible in practice with favourable or moderate results, while long-term effects were difficult to detect. No studies were identified focusing on fundamental nursing in relation to outcomes such as continuity of care.

CONCLUSION

Fundamental nursing was mainly described in relation to physical care needs, which were essentially conducted within facility-based care contexts. Interventions and activities primarily focused on one fundamental need at the time, mainly within the physical domain. No nursing interventions were identified focusing on relational and psychosocial needs where continuity of care can be viewed as a relevant outcome. Such limited focus are especially concerning as research has highlighted the importance of that older people with complex care needs can benefit from a holistic and person-centred approach i.e. fundamental nursing.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

Open Science Framework https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XJ39E Protocol: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069798.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection caused by market sewage: A case report and literature review

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is distributed worldwide in seafood such as fish, shrimp, and shellfish and is a major cause of seafood-borne diarrhoeal disease. Previous studies have reported infections contacting with contaminated seafood seawater. So far, 11 cases reported of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) caused by V. parahaemolyticus, which 5 patients died and 6 survived. We found that transmission through contact with contaminated water also causes infection. We report a 46-year-old male contracted V. parahaemolyticus after being splashed with market sewage. His condition deteriorated rapidly and he died eventually, suggesting that more atypical modes of V. parahaemolyticus transmission may be possible in the future. Literature review revealed that SSTIs due to V. parahaemolyticus are rare, so, detailed questioning of the patient's exposure history can help with empirical drug administration early. Patients with immunodeficiency disease and progressive blistering need mandatory debridement urgently. If fascial necrosis is found during debridement, early amputation may save the patient's life.

An evaluation of AI generated literature reviews in musculoskeletal radiology

PURPOSE

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to aid in summarizing information in medicine and research has recently garnered a huge amount of interest. While tools such as ChatGPT produce convincing and naturally sounding output, the answers are sometimes incorrect. Some of these drawbacks, it is hoped, can be avoided by using programmes trained for a more specific scope. In this study we compared the performance of a new AI tool (the-literature.com) to the latest version OpenAI's ChatGPT (GPT-4) in summarizing topics that the authors have significantly contributed to.

METHODS

The AI tools were asked to produce a literature review on 7 topics. These were selected based on the research topics that the authors were intimately familiar with and have contributed to through their own publications. The output produced by the AI tools were graded on a 1-5 Likert scale for accuracy, comprehensiveness, and relevance by two fellowship trained consultant radiologists.

RESULTS

The-literature.com produced 3 excellent summaries, 3 very poor summaries not relevant to the prompt, and one summary, which was relevant but did not include all relevant papers. All of the summaries produced by GPT-4 were relevant, but fewer relevant papers were identified. The average Likert rating was for the-literature was 2.88 and 3.86 for GPT-4. There was good agreement between the ratings of both radiologists (ICC = 0.883).

CONCLUSION

Summaries produced by AI in its current state require careful human validation. GPT-4 on average provides higher quality summaries. Neither tool can reliably identify all relevant publications.

The prevalence and severity of loneliness and deficits in perceived social support among who have received a 'personality disorder' diagnosis or have relevant traits: a systematic review

BACKGROUND

Loneliness and struggles with unmet social needs are a common experience among people with 'personality disorder' diagnoses/traits. Given the impact of loneliness and poor perceived social support on mental health, and the importance of a sense of belonging for recovery, a systematic review examining the prevalence/severity of loneliness and deficits in perceived social support among people with 'personality disorder' diagnoses/traits is an essential step towards developing an intervention targeting the social needs of people with diagnoses/traits 'personality disorder'. Despite an extensive literature on loneliness and deficits of perceived social support among people with 'personality disorder' diagnosis/traits, to date there has been no systematic review of this evidence.

METHOD

We conducted a systematic review synthesising quantitative data on the prevalence/severity of loneliness and deficits of perceived social support among people with diagnoses/traits of 'personality disorder' in comparison with other clinical groups and the general population. We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Social Science, Google scholar and Ethos British Library from inception to December 2021. We conducted quality appraisals using the Joanna Briggs Critical appraisal tools and rated the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. A narrative synthesis was used describing the direction and strength of associations prioritising high quality studies.

FINDINGS

A final set of 70 studies are included in this review, most of which are cross-sectional studies (n = 55), based in the United States (51%) and focused on community samples. Our synthesis of evidence found that, across all types of 'personality disorders' (except 'narcissistic personality' traits), people with traits associated with 'personality disorder' or meeting criteria for a diagnosis of 'personality disorder', have higher levels of loneliness, lower perceived relationship satisfaction, and poorer social support than the general population or other clinical samples.

CONCLUSION

The quality of evidence is judged as low quality. However, given the distressing nature of loneliness and the known negative effects of loneliness on mental health and recovery, it is important for future research to explore mechanisms by which loneliness may exacerbate 'personality disorder' symptoms and the impact this has on recovery.

Venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for psittacosis pneumonia complicated with cardiogenic shock: case report and literature review

INTRODUCTION

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by the enlargement of the left ventricle or biventricular, accompanied by myocardial systolic dysfunction. Chlamydia psittacosis (CP) is a zoonotic pathogen, which can cause severe pneumonia, respiratory failure, and acute organ dysfunction. The deterioration of DCM caused by CP infection is extremely rare, and few cases of successful management were reported.

CASE PRESENTATION

We reported a 67-year-old male patient with DCM and chronic heart failure. Who was admitted to ICU with severe pneumonia, acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, acute decompensated heart failure, arrhythmia, and cardiogenic shock. Mechanical ventilation (MV) and venous-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) were established for respiratory and circulatory support. Broncho alveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was collected for culture and metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) test. Repeated mNGS tests indicated the high possibility of CP pneumonia, thereafter, moxifloxacin and doxycycline were prescribed. After targeted antibiotics and organ support treatment, pneumonia, respiratory and circulatory failure were gradually resolved, patient was successfully weaned from MV and VA-ECMO. Finally, the patient was recovered and discharged alive.

CONCLUSIONS

Severe respiratory and circulatory failure caused by CP infection in DCM patients is a rare life-threatening clinical condition. Early accurate diagnosis, targeted antibiotic therapy, coupled with extracorporeal life support posed positive impact on the patient's disease course and outcome.

Emerging Evidence: A Systematic Literature Review of Disordered Eating Among Transgender and Nonbinary Youth

PURPOSE

This systematic literature review explores the evidence base related to the diagnosis and clinical management of eating disorders among transgender and gender nonbinary (TGNB) youth. Through an exploration of the literature, this review highlights key considerations for providers working with this population, including the complex relationship between body image and gender, the assessment of subthreshold eating disorder symptoms, the impact of gender-affirming care on eating disorder treatment outcomes, and available evidence-based metrics, with attention to factors impacting treatment, including family support, psychiatric comorbidities, and community safety.

METHODS

We conducted a search of the databases PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE for articles pertaining to eating disorders and TGNB youth, with forward citation chaining conducted via Google Scholar to provide a review of recent publications. Twenty-six articles published from 2017 to 2022 met the criteria for full-text review.

RESULTS

The selected articles primarily explored data from the United States and varied widely in methodology, including a systematic literature review (n = 1), narrative literature reviews (n = 3), case series (n = 4), case studies (n = 2), cross-sectional population surveys (n = 7), cross-sectional patient surveys (n = 3), other cross-sectional studies (n = 3), retrospective chart reviews (n = 2), and a retrospective longitudinal cohort study (n = 1). Most commonly, researchers sampled patients within the setting of gender clinics. Researchers used a range of validated measures in clinical settings, with the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire most frequently reported. The literature highlights several considerations unique to transgender populations, including the complex relationship between gender dysphoria, body dissatisfaction, disordered eating behavior, and gender-affirming care.

DISCUSSION

In clinical settings with TGNB youth, providers may consider implementing validated screening measures to assess for eating disorders. Future research should emphasize a nuanced understanding of the heterogeneity among TGNB patient populations and the impact of gender identity on treatment of eating disorders.

Exploring the association between campus environment of higher education and student health: A systematic review of findings and measures

Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between the neighborhood environments and residents' health. However, other important settings, such as university campuses, have received little attention. This paper conducted a systematic review and synthesized existing empirical works examining the association between the university/college campuses built and natural environments and students' health. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched nine databases using keywords related to higher-education campuses and health-related outcomes. A total of 19 articles were identified, including fifteen cross-sectional studies, three experimental studies, and one longitudinal study. The majority of the studies were conducted in Asian countries and published in the past five years. The findings indicate that active transportation infrastructure, such as increased road intersections and better walkability, were found to be positively associated with students' physical activity. The natural environments, including perceived naturalness, blue space, and greenness was shown to support student's mental health and quality of life. Specifically, blue space was found to be the most preferred place for mental restoration, and scattered trees demonstrated a supportive effect in reducing depression symptoms. Even just viewing virtual trees had a restorative effect and feel less anxiety. Additionally, during the summer, tree shadows were identified as the most important factors for enhancing thermal comfort. This review emphasizes the crucial role of campus environments in promoting college students' health. Future longitudinal studies and investigations using multiple campuses would provide a more comprehensive understanding of this relationship. Such endeavors can contribute to the development of evidence-based strategies for designing and planning healthy campus environments that optimize students' well-being.

Perioperative geriatrics: A bibliometric analysis of the top 100 cited articles in an emerging specialty

BACKGROUND

The success of modern medicine has led to surgery being performed on an increasingly older, frailer and more comorbid population. As a result, perioperative geriatrics has emerged as an important specialty, relevant to both medical and surgical disciplines. Only a small number of papers have been published on the topic. A bibliometric analysis is used to identify themes and trends in current research and practice.

OBJECTIVES

To identify and describe research topics relating to perioperative geriatrics; to find themes and gaps in the current literature.

METHODS

Thompson Reuters Web of Science indexing database was searched for all manuscripts relating to perioperative geriatrics. Of these, the top 100 were subcategorised into manuscript type, age, theme, specialty, journal and citation rate.

RESULTS

The highest cited article was by Bhandari et al with 294 citations. The highest citation rate was achieved by Partridge et al, with 23.75 citations/year. Across the series, the mean number of citations was 50.41 (range 294-12). The highest number of manuscripts were published between 2010 and 2019 (n = 55), with 70% of manuscripts published in journals with impact factor <5. The specialty with the highest number of publications was orthopaedics (n = 36). Most articles focussed on surgical management of geriatrics patients, followed by anaesthetic management.

CONCLUSION

This is the first bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most cited papers in perioperative geriatrics. Only 395 papers were returned, indicating that this needs to be further researched as a topic. Key themes identified were surgical management of hip fractures and anaesthetic preoperative assessment. Emerging themes from this study highlight the need for perioperative publications in the fields of geriatric vascular, general, plastic and gynaecology.

Iris metastasis from clear cell renal cell carcinoma: A case report

BACKGROUND

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common type of tumor that can metastasize to any organs and sites. However, it is extremely rare for ccRCC to metastasize to the iris. Here, we describe a rare case of iris metastasis from ccRCC with a history of left nephrectomy in 2010.

CASE SUMMARY

A 62-year-old male was admitted to the hospital due to blurred vision and red eyes, and a mass was found on the iris in the right eye. B-scan ultrasonography revealed a well-bounded high-density lesion at the corner of the anterior chamber at the 3-4 o'clock position. Phacoemulsification with simultaneous intraocular lens implantation and iridocyclectomy was performed in the right eye. The lesion was confirmed to be metastatic ccRCC by histological and immunohistochemical analyses. The patient was still alive at 9 mo after surgical treatment. Ocular metastasis can be an initial sign with a poor prognosis. Timely detection and treatment may improve survival. Clinicians should pay attention to similar metastatic diseases to prevent misdiagnosis leading to missed treatment opportunities.

CONCLUSION

This report of the characteristics and successful management of a rare case of iris metastasis from ccRCC highlights the importance of a comprehensive medical history, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and clinical manifestation for successful disease diagnosis.

Analysis of the management and therapeutic performance of diabetes mellitus employing special target

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic condition characterized predominantly by hyperglycemia. The most common causes contributing to the pathophysiology of diabetes are insufficient insulin secretion, resistance to insulin's tissue-acting effects, or a combination of both. Over the last 30 years, the global prevalence of diabetes increased from 4% to 6.4%. If no better treatment or cure is found, this amount might climb to 430 million in the coming years. The major factors of the disease's deterioration include age, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Finding new therapies to manage diabetes safely and effectively without jeopardizing patient compliance has always been essential. Among the medications available to manage DM on this journey are glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, thiazolidinediones, sulphonyl urease, glinides, biguanides, and insulin-targeting receptors discovered more than 10 years ago. Despite the extensive preliminary studies, a few clinical observations suggest this process is still in its early stages. The present review focuses on targets that contribute to insulin regulation and may be employed as targets in treating diabetes since they may be more efficient and secure than current and traditional treatments.

Integration of life cycle assessment and system dynamics modeling for environmental scenario analysis: A systematic review

System dynamics (SD) is widely recognized as a tool for simulating spatial and temporal dynamics in life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of the product system. However, there is no agreement on how SD and LCA could be applied effectively together in a consistent way. To address this gap, this research conducted a systematic literature review, analyzing 54 scientific articles published worldwide between 2010 and 2023, to explore the joint application of LCA with SD. The study aimed to answer three research questions: (1) What can be considered an integration of LCA and SD? (2) How can SD and LCA be effectively integrated? and (3)What are the advantages and constraints of this integration? The results highlighted the popularity of LCA and SD as impact assessment tools for sustainable design, each with its own strengths and limitations. Two primary integration types were identified when LCA was jointly applied with SD: (1) inclusion of the life cycle inventory and characterization factors in an SD model, and (2) inclusion of SD model results in an LCA. In the second type of integration, SD models the components of the technical system, and its outcomes served as input for scenario analysis, providing temporal and potentially spatial inventory data for the LCA model. The integrated approach offers a comprehensive understanding of product sustainability, aids decision-making, and enhances stakeholder engagement. The study also identifies knowledge gaps in the joint application of SD and LCA for environmental scenario analysis, suggesting the incorporation of optimization tools and strategy guidance for policy makers.

Pedagogical Orientations and Evolving Responsibilities of Technological Universities: A Literature Review of the History of Engineering Education

Current societal changes and challenges demand a broader role of technological universities, thus opening the question of how their role evolved over time and how to frame their current responsibility. In response to urgent calls for debating and redefining the identity of contemporary technological universities, this paper has two aims. The first aim is to identify the key characteristics and orientations marking the development of technological universities, as recorded in the history of engineering education. The second aim is to articulate the responsibility of contemporary technological universities given their different orientations and characteristics. For this, we first provide a non-systematic literature review of the key pedagogical orientations of technological universities, grounded in the history of engineering education. The five major orientations of technological universities presented in the paper are technical, economic, social, political, and ecological. We then use this historical survey to articulate the responsibilities of contemporary technological universities reflecting the different orientations. Technological universities can promote and foster the development of scientific, professional, civic, legal, or intra- and inter- generational responsibility. We argue that responsibility is not specific to any particular orientation, such that the concept is broadened to complement each orientation or mix of orientations of a technological university. Our contribution thus serves as a call for technological universities to self-reflect on their mission and identity, by offering a lens for identifying the orientations they currently foster and making explicit the responsibility arising from their current orientation or the ones they strive to cultivate.

PET FDG CT is useful for giant-cell arteritis with isolated cough

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a chronic vasculitis of large- and medium-sized vessels. The most frequent symptoms are temporal headaches, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication and polymyalgia rheumatica in 35% of patients. Atypical presentation with dry cough is very rare and could be isolated making the diagnosis difficult. Initial imaging including PET-CT could be helpful. Literature review yielded 13 case reports with available data and one case series which focused on cough and which were all be included in this study. Most of the cases included males (n = 8), with mostly isolated cough or associated to fever and weight loss. Angio-CT of aortic wall was mostly normal, whereas FDG PET-CT showed in all available cases abnormal arterial thoracic uptake. Temporal artery biopsy was almost suggestive of GCA in all available cases. Cough was steroid responsive usually within few days in all cases without any need of combined therapy. Giant cell arteritis is the most common large-vessel vasculitis over the age of 50 in western countries. Isolated dry cough is extremely rare and encountered in less than 5% of cases.

Blood culture-negative infective endocarditis: are we looking hard enough?

INTRODUCTION

Infective endocarditis is a common cardiac condition, with significant mortality. Blood culture-negative endocarditis is an important subgroup of endocarditis that holds significant morbidity and mortality.

METHOD

We performed an updated review of the literature. We searched the databases of Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBAS and Scopus for the latest clinical guidelines and literature on blood culture negative endocarditis to provide a narrative synthesis of the literature.

RESULTS

There is significant heterogeneity in causes and complications of culture-negative infective endocarditis, due to an insensitivity in available clinical diagnostic pathways. Despite significant advances in diagnostic tools, the diagnostic criterion for infective endocarditis (the modified Duke's criterion) remains insensitive to the detection of culture-negative infective endocarditis.

CONCLUSION

The natural history of BCNE and our diagnostic resources are changing. It is time our criterion did too. Remembering, BCNE holds significant morbidity and mortality-the absence of organism of culture should not reassure, rather concern clinicians. Every effort should be made to accurately identify organisms.

[Coronary sinus reducer : Literature review and issues surrounding the France Reducer registry]

Coronary sinus Reducer implantation is a percutaneous technique used to treat patients suffering from refractory angina pectoris. The device narrows the coronary sinus, increases the back pressure in the myocardial venous system and forces redistribution of coronary blood flow from less ischemic subepicardium to the more ischemic subendocardium. Multiple clinical studies had proven its efficacy to alleviate myocardial ischemia and related symptoms, and to improve the quality of life of patients with refractory symptomatic chronic coronary artery disease for whom coronary revascularization is deemed unsuitable. This literature review aims to expose the device design, its mechanisms of action, and the clinical data supporting its use. Since November 2021 Reducer's reimbursement has been granted in France by the national health authority. It is the first device to be approved under a newly established reimbursement approval process. A transitional coverage is provided with opportunities for renewal before applying for full-time reimbursement. To fulfill the requirements of the National Commission for Evaluation of Medical Devices and Health Technologies, the French Society of Cardiology has been creating the France Reducer registry. This clinical registry has been collecting data from patients undergoing coronary sinus Reducer implantation regarding their clinical situation, periprocedural information, and one-year follow-up. It is crucial for the future of this emerging therapeutic option in France. To date, 215 patients from 28 centers have been included between June 2022 and September 2023.

A systematic literature review and lexicometric analysis on overtourism: Towards an ambidextrous perspective

While overtourism is a relatively recent term, it has nevertheless triggered a large number of publications because of its human, environmental and social challenges. This systematic review therefore aims to take stock of the literature on overtourism. A lexicometric analysis based on 236 articles reveals that research on overtourism is highly concentrated and articulated around three main themes: the management, the experience, and the context of overtourism. The findings also suggest that academic research has so far focused on the negative impacts of overtourism. Subsequently, this study is calling for an ambidextrous approach, taking into account both the negative effects of overtourism, while also considering it as an opportunity in addressing the problem.

Traveling-wave based fault location estimation in FACTS compensated transmission system: Recent status, challenges and future research directions

This article presents a recent literature review on traveling wave-based fault location estimation in flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) compensated transmission system. The review aims to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art in traveling wave-based fault location methods and their applications in FACTS compensated power systems. Firstly, the importance of fault location techniques and their classification are discussed. Secondly, the basic theory behind traveling-wave based fault location methods is presented. Further, the effects of presence of different FACTS devices are presented to highlight the challenges in developing efficient fault location methods for FACTS compensated transmission system. The survey covers reported traveling-wave based fault location techniques and highlights the current status and challenges. Additionally, the survey reviews recent advancements in the field and identifies future research directions. The study concludes by summarizing the main findings and providing recommendations for further research. The presented literature review provides valuable insights for researchers, engineers, and practitioners in the field of power system protection and control.