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Tyler SE, Tyler LD. Pathways to healing: Plants with therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 14:210-234. [PMID: 36880056 PMCID: PMC9984566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Some of the greatest challenges in medicine are the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), which remain without a cure and mostly progress to death. A companion study employed a toolkit methodology to document 2001 plant species with ethnomedicinal uses for alleviating pathologies relevant to NDs, focusing on its relevance to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to find plants with therapeutic bioactivities for a range of NDs. 1339 of the 2001 plant species were found to have a bioactivity from the literature of therapeutic relevance to NDs such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, AD, motor neurone diseases, multiple sclerosis, prion diseases, Neimann-Pick disease, glaucoma, Friedreich's ataxia and Batten disease. 43 types of bioactivities were found, such as reducing protein misfolding, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and cell death, and promoting neurogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, longevity, and anti-microbial activity. Ethno-led plant selection was more effective than random selection of plant species. Our findings indicate that ethnomedicinal plants provide a large resource of ND therapeutic potential. The extensive range of bioactivities validate the usefulness of the toolkit methodology in the mining of this data. We found that a number of the documented plants are able to modulate molecular mechanisms underlying various key ND pathologies, revealing a promising and even profound capacity to halt and reverse the processes of neurodegeneration.
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Key Words
- A-H, Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- ALS, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- BBB, blood-brain barrier
- C. elegans,, Caenorhabditis elegans
- CJD, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- CMT, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
- CS, Cockayne syndrome
- Ech A, Echinochrome A
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- FRDA, Friedreich’s ataxia
- FTD, Frontotemporal dementia
- HD, Huntington’s disease
- Hsp, Heat shock protein
- LSD, Lysosomal storage diseases
- MS, Multiple sclerosis
- MSA, Multiple system atrophy
- MSP, Multisystem proteinopathy
- Medicinal plant
- ND, neurodegenerative disease
- NPC, Neimann-Pick disease type C
- NSC, neural stem cells
- Neuro-inflammation
- Neurodegeneration
- Neurogenesis
- PC, pharmacological chaperone
- PD, Parkinson’s disease
- Protein misfolding
- SMA, Spinal muscular atrophy
- VD, Vascular dementia
- prion dis, prion diseases
- α-syn, alpha-synuclein
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena E.B. Tyler
- John Ray Research Field Station, Cheshire, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author.
| | - Luke D.K. Tyler
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
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Amiri M, Gerami R, Shekarchi B, Azimi A, Asadi B, Bagheri H. Changes in diffusion tensor imaging indices in basal ganglia and thalamus of patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis and relation with clinical conditions: A case-control study. Eur J Radiol Open 2022; 10:100465. [PMID: 36578906 PMCID: PMC9791126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2022.100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is recognized as the most prevalent autoimmune abnormality of the CNS. T1WI, T2WI, and FLAIR are limited in the quantification of tissue damage and detection of tissue alterations in white and grey matter in MS. This study aimed to the evaluation of changes in DTI indices in these patients at the thalamus and basal ganglia. Methods 30 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) cases and 30 normal individuals were included. Conventional MRI (T2, FLAIR) was acquired to confirm NAGM in MS patients. A T1 MPRAGE protocol was used to normalize DTI images. FSL, SPM, and Explore DTI software were employed to reach Mean Diffusivities (MD), Axial Diffusivities (AD), Fractional anisotropy (FA), and Radial Diffusivity (RD) at the thalamus and the basal ganglia. Results The FA and RD of the thalamus were decreased in healthy controls compared to MS cases (0.319 vs. 0.296 and 0.0009 vs. 0.0006, respectively) (P < 0.05). The AD value in the thalamus and the FA value in the caudate nucleus were significantly lower in MS cases than in controls (0.0009 vs. 0.0011 and 0.16 vs. 0.18, respectively) (P < 0.05). MD values in the thalamus or basal ganglia were not significantly different between groups. Conclusions DTI measures including FA, RD, and AD have a good diagnostic performance in detecting microstructural changes in the normal-appearing thalamus in cases with RRMS while they had no significant relationship with clinical signs in terms of EDSS. Availability of data and material Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amiri
- Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Gerami
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author.
| | - Babak Shekarchi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Azimi
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahador Asadi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Bagheri
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Aja University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Wang N, Wang X, He M, Zheng W, Qi D, Zhang Y, Han CC. Ginseng polysaccharides: A potential neuroprotective agent. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:211-217. [PMID: 33841001 PMCID: PMC8020291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatments of nervous system diseases (NSDs) have long been difficult issues for researchers because of their complexity of pathogenesis. With the advent of aging society, searching for effective treatments of NSDs has become a hot topic. Ginseng polysaccharides (GP), as the main biologically active substance in ginseng, has various biological properties in immune-regulation, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation and etc. Considering the association between the effects of GP and the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, many related experiments have been conducted in recent years. In this paper, we reviewed previous studies about the effects and mechanisms of GP on diseases related to nervous system. We found GP play an ameliorative role on NSDs through the regulation of immune system, inflammatory response, oxidative damage and signaling pathway. Structure-activity relationship was also discussed and summarized. In addition, we provided new insights into GP as promising neuroprotective agent for its further development and utilization.
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Key Words
- AG, Arabinogalactan
- BBB, Blood–brain barrier
- BDNF, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- GP, Ginseng polysaccharides
- Ginseng
- HG, Homogalacturonan
- IFN-γ, Interferon-γ
- IL-17α, Interleukin-17 α
- MS, Multiple sclerosis
- Molecular mechanism
- NSDs, Nervous system diseases
- Nervous system
- Polysaccharides
- RG, Rhamnogalacturonan
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianlei Wang
- National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao, 88 Xuzhou Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao He
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Qi
- Experimental center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Chun-chao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author.
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Kitazaki Y, Ueno A, Maeda K, Asano R, Satomi H, Nishio T, Nakamoto Y, Hamano T. A case of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis with an isolated pontine lesion following epidural and spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. eNeurologicalSci 2020; 21:100264. [PMID: 32885056 PMCID: PMC7452523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2020.100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe neurologic complications following epidural and spinal anesthesia rarely occur. Transverse myelitis has been reported as a rare complication of epidural or spinal anesthesia. We report a case of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and an isolated pontine lesion, which responded to immunotherapy. The patient was a 31-year-old pregnant woman who underwent elective cesarean section under epidural and spinal anesthesia. Though the insertions of the epidural and spinal catheters were smooth, she experienced back pain and transient hearing loss during epidural anesthesia. Postoperatively, she exhibited severe motor weakness in both lower extremities, neuralgia below the level of Th10 dermatome, and urinary retention. Magnetic resonance imaging showed longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis from T6 to T10 with a ring-shaped enhanced lesion and an isolated pontine lesion. These findings on magnetic resonance imaging were suggestive of autoimmune diseases such as neuromyelitis optica. The patient was diagnosed with an immunoreactive disease triggered by epidural or spinal anesthesia and was administered high-dose methylprednisolone, which led to the improvement in clinical symptoms. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of the development of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and isolated pontine lesions after cesarean section under epidural and spinal anesthesia.
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Key Words
- AQP4, anti-aquaporin-4
- Autoimmune diseases
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- DWI, Diffusion-weighted imaging
- Epidural anesthesia
- Immunotherapy
- LETM, Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis
- Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis
- MMT, manual muscle tests
- MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging
- MS, Multiple sclerosis
- NBD, Neuro-Behcet's disease
- NMO, neuromyelitis optica
- PCEA, Patient-controlled epidural analgesia
- POD, Postoperative day
- PSL, prednisolone
- Pontine lesion
- STIR, Short TI-inversion recovery
- Spinal anesthesia
- TM, Transverse myelitis
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kitazaki
- Department of Neurology, Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan.,Second Department of Internal Medicine (Neurology), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Asako Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan.,Second Department of Internal Medicine (Neurology), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Maeda
- Department of Neurology, Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan.,Second Department of Internal Medicine (Neurology), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Rei Asano
- Department of Neurology, Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan.,Second Department of Internal Medicine (Neurology), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Satomi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Taro Nishio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yasunari Nakamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine (Neurology), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tadanori Hamano
- Second Department of Internal Medicine (Neurology), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,Department of Aging and Dementia, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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van Rensburg SJ, Peeters AV, van Toorn R, Schoeman J, Moremi KE, van Heerden CJ, Kotze MJ. Identification of an iron-responsive subtype in two children diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis using whole exome sequencing. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2019; 19:100465. [PMID: 30963028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis is a disorder related to demyelination of axons. Iron is an essential cofactor in myelin synthesis. Previously, we described two children (males of mixed ancestry) with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) where long-term remission was achieved by regular iron supplementation. A genetic defect in iron metabolism was postulated, suggesting that more advanced genetic studies could shed new light on disease pathophysiology related to iron. Methods Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify causal pathways. Blood tests were performed over a 10 year period to monitor the long-term effect of a supplementation regimen. Clinical wellbeing was assessed quarterly by a pediatric neurologist and regular feedback was obtained from the schoolteachers. Results WES revealed gene variants involved in iron absorption and transport, in the transmembrane protease, serine 6 (TMPRSS6) and transferrin (TF) genes; multiple genetic variants in CUBN, which encodes cubilin (a receptor involved in the absorption of vitamin B12 as well as the reabsorption of transferrin-bound iron and vitamin D in the kidneys); SLC25A37 (involved in iron transport into mitochondria) and CD163 (a scavenger receptor involved in hemorrhage resolution). Variants were also found in COQ3, involved with synthesis of Coenzyme Q10 in mitochondria. Neither of the children had the HLA-DRB1*1501 allele associated with increased genetic risk for MS, suggesting that the genetic contribution of iron-related genetic variants may be instrumental in childhood MS. In both children the RRMS has remained stable without activity over the last 10 years since initiation of nutritional supplementation and maintenance of normal iron levels, confirming the role of iron deficiency in disease pathogenesis in these patients. Conclusion Our findings highlight the potential value of WES to identify heritable risk factors that could affect the reabsorption of transferrin-bound iron in the kidneys causing sustained iron loss, together with inhibition of vitamin B12 absorption and vitamin D reabsorption (CUBN) and iron transport into mitochondria (SLC25A37) as the sole site of heme synthesis. This supports a model for RRMS in children with an apparent iron-deficient biochemical subtype of MS, with oligodendrocyte cell death and impaired myelination possibly caused by deficits of energy- and antioxidant capacity in mitochondria.
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Key Words
- CNS, central nervous system
- CoQ, Coenzyme Q
- DFO, desferroxamine mesylate
- DIS, dissemination in space
- DIT, dissemination in time
- DMT, disease modifying therapy
- EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale
- ETC, electron transport chain
- GWAS, genome-wide association study
- Genetic variants
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HERV-W, human endogenous retrovirus W
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- HREC, human research ethics committee
- IPMSSG, International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group
- IRE, iron-response element
- Iron deficiency
- MGA1, juvenile hereditary megaloblastic anemia 1
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MS, Multiple sclerosis
- MSRV, MS-associated retrovirus
- MST1R, macrophage stimulating-1 receptor
- Mitochondria
- Oxidative stress
- PSGT, pathology supported genetic testing
- Pediatric onset multiple sclerosis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RRMS, relapsing-remitting MS
- SAMe, S-adenosyl methionine
- SDHB, iron-protein subunit of Complex II
- TF, transferrin
- TMPRSS6, transmembrane protease, serine 6
- WES, whole exome sequencing
- Whole exome sequencing
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Telesford KM, Yan W, Ochoa-Reparaz J, Pant A, Kircher C, Christy MA, Begum-Haque S, Kasper DL, Kasper LH. A commensal symbiotic factor derived from Bacteroides fragilis promotes human CD39(+)Foxp3(+) T cells and Treg function. Gut Microbes 2015; 6:234-42. [PMID: 26230152 PMCID: PMC4615798 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2015.1056973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide A (PSA) derived from the human commensal Bacteroides fragilis is a symbiosis factor that stimulates immunologic development within mammalian hosts. PSA rebalances skewed systemic T helper responses and promotes T regulatory cells (Tregs). However, PSA-mediated induction of Foxp3 in humans has not been reported. In mice, PSA-generated Foxp3(+) Tregs dampen Th17 activity thereby facilitating bacterial intestinal colonization while the increased presence and function of these regulatory cells may guard against pathological organ-specific inflammation in hosts. We herein demonstrate that PSA induces expression of Foxp3 along with CD39 among naïve CD4 T cells in vitro while promoting IL-10 secretion. PSA-activated dendritic cells are essential for the mediation of this regulatory response. When cultured with isolated Foxp3(+) Tregs, PSA enriched Foxp3 expression, enhanced the frequency of CD39(+)HLA-DR(+) cells, and increased suppressive function as measured by decreased TNFα expression by LPS-stimulated monocytes. Our findings are the first to demonstrate in vitro induction of human CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T cells and enhanced suppressive function of circulating Foxp3(+) Tregs by a human commensal bacterial symbiotic factor. Use of PSA for the treatment of human autoimmune diseases, in particular multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease, may represent a new paradigm in the approach to treating autoimmune disease.
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Key Words
- B. fragilis, Bacteroides fragilis
- Bacteroides fragilis
- DC, Dendritic cell
- Foxp3
- GF, Germ Free
- MS, Multiple sclerosis
- NCD4, Naïve CD4
- PBMCs, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PSA, Polysaccharide A
- SPF, Specific pathogen free
- Sp1, Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide type 1
- T regulatory cells
- Treg, T regulatory cell
- ZPS, Zwitterionic polysaccharide.
- autoimmunity
- commensal microbiota
- dendritic cell
- ectonuclease
- multiple sclerosis
- pDC, Plasmacytoid dendritic cell
- zwitterionic polysaccharide
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiel M Telesford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Geisel School of Medicine; Dartmouth College; Hanover, NH USA,Correspondence to: Kiel M Telesford;
| | - Wang Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Geisel School of Medicine; Dartmouth College; Hanover, NH USA
| | - Javier Ochoa-Reparaz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Geisel School of Medicine; Dartmouth College; Hanover, NH USA
| | - Anudeep Pant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Geisel School of Medicine; Dartmouth College; Hanover, NH USA
| | - Christopher Kircher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Geisel School of Medicine; Dartmouth College; Hanover, NH USA
| | - Marc A Christy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Geisel School of Medicine; Dartmouth College; Hanover, NH USA
| | - Sakhina Begum-Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Geisel School of Medicine; Dartmouth College; Hanover, NH USA
| | - Dennis L Kasper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
| | - Lloyd H Kasper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Geisel School of Medicine; Dartmouth College; Hanover, NH USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer A Bezalel
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Bruce E Strober
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut; Probity Medical Research, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katalin Ferenczi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
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