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Texcalac-Sangrador JL, Pérez-Ferrer C, Quintero C, Prado Galbarro FJ, Yamada G, Gouveia N, Barrientos-Gutierrez T. Speed limits and their effect on air pollution in Mexico City: A quasi-experimental study. Sci Total Environ 2024; 924:171506. [PMID: 38453090 PMCID: PMC10999787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Speed limits are an evidence-based intervention to prevent traffic collisions and deaths, yet their impact on air pollution in cities is understudied. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between lower speed limits and air pollution. We leverage the introduction of a new road safety policy in Mexico City in December 2015 which lowered speed limits, increased fines, and installed speed radars to enforce compliance. We tested whether the policy had an impact on particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at the city level, and whether air-quality monitoring stations' proximity to speed radars moderated this effect due to more acceleration and deceleration around radars. NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations from January 2014 to December 2018 were obtained from the National System of Air Quality Information. Air-quality monitoring stations were classified as in close-proximity or far-from-speed radars. Interrupted time series analyses were conducted for each outcome separately, using linear mixed models and adjusting for seasonality and time-varying confounders: registered vehicles, temperature, wind-speed and relative humidity. The results suggest improvement in both contaminants after the speed limits policy. For NO2, the pre-policy trend was flat, while the post-policy trend showed a decline in concentrations of 0.04 ppb/week. For PM2.5, concentrations were increasing pre-policy by 0.08 μg/m3 per week, then this trend flattened in the post-policy period to a weekly, non-significant, increase of 0.03 μg/m3 (p = 0.08). Air-quality monitors' proximity to speed radars did not moderate the effect of the policy on either of the pollutants. In conclusion, the speed limits policy implemented in Mexico City in 2015 was associated with improvements in air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Pérez-Ferrer
- Center for Research in Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Carolina Quintero
- Center for Research in Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Goro Yamada
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nelson Gouveia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Antonio-Villa NE, Bello-Chavolla OY, Fermín-Martínez CA, Ramírez-García D, Vargas-Vázquez A, Basile-Alvarez MR, Núñez-Luna A, Sánchez-Castro P, Fernández-Chirino L, Díaz-Sánchez JP, Dávila-López G, Posadas-Sánchez R, Vargas-Alarcón G, Caballero AE, Florez JC, Seiglie JA. Diabetes subgroups and sociodemographic inequalities in Mexico: a cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative surveys from 2016 to 2022. Lancet Reg Health Am 2024; 33:100732. [PMID: 38616917 PMCID: PMC11015526 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Differences in the prevalence of four diabetes subgroups have been reported in Mexico compared to other populations, but factors that may contribute to these differences are poorly understood. Here, we estimate the prevalence of diabetes subgroups in Mexico and evaluate their correlates with indicators of social disadvantage using data from national representative surveys. Methods We analyzed serial, cross-sectional Mexican National Health and Nutrition Surveys spanning 2016, 2018, 2020, 2021, and 2022, including 23,354 adults (>20 years). Diabetes subgroups (obesity-related [MOD], severe insulin-deficient [SIDD], severe insulin-resistant [SIRD], and age-related [MARD]) were classified using self-normalizing neural networks based on a previously validated algorithm. We used the density-independent social lag index (DISLI) as a proxy of state-level social disadvantage. Findings We identified 4204 adults (median age: 57, IQR: 47-66, women: 64%) living with diabetes, yielding a pooled prevalence of 16.04% [95% CI: 14.92-17.17]. When stratified by diabetes subgroup, prevalence was 6.62% (5.69-7.55) for SIDD, 5.25% (4.52-5.97) for MOD, 2.39% (1.95-2.83) for MARD, and 1.27% (1.00-1.54) for SIRD. SIDD and MOD clustered in Southern Mexico, whereas MARD and SIRD clustered in Northern Mexico and Mexico City. Each standard deviation increase in DISLI was associated with higher odds of SIDD (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06-1.12) and lower odds of MOD (OR: 0.93, 0.88-0.99). Speaking an indigenous language was associated with higher odds of SIDD (OR: 1.35, 1.16-1.57) and lower odds of MARD (OR 0.58, 0.45-0.74). Interpretation Diabetes prevalence in Mexico is rising in the context of regional and sociodemographic inequalities across distinct diabetes subgroups. SIDD is a subgroup of concern that may be associated with inadequate diabetes management, mainly in marginalized states. Funding This research was supported by Instituto Nacional de Geriatría in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos A. Fermín-Martínez
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ramírez-García
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martín Roberto Basile-Alvarez
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Núñez-Luna
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paulina Sánchez-Castro
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Pablo Díaz-Sánchez
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gael Dávila-López
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosalinda Posadas-Sánchez
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A. Enrique Caballero
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose C. Florez
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline A. Seiglie
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Leal Mena EM, Iañez-Domínguez A. Juvenile Delinquency in the Context of Organized Crime in Mexico: A Systematic Review. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2024:306624X241246516. [PMID: 38622831 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x241246516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
In 2007, Mexico implemented a strategy to combat drug trafficking through military intervention, after which a significant increase in homicides, mainly among young men, was observed and linked to structural problems as well as organized crime, especially the recruitment of youth, with adolescents being particularly vulnerable. Through a systematic review of the literature from 2013 to 2022, we have compiled the reported factors influencing the recruitment of adolescents by organized crime in Mexico and conducted a metasynthesis of the data according to the multiple levels that affect adolescents: individual, family, community, cultural, and social. This research has shown that many of the factors reported are interrelated and need to be studied holistically. In addition, many of the factors are common to other forms of juvenile delinquency, but the main difference is the presence of organized crime itself in the community and culture.
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Rodríguez-Martínez RE, Gómez Reali MÁ, Torres-Conde EG, Bates MN. Temporal and spatial variation in hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) emissions during holopelagic Sargassum spp. decomposition on beaches. Environ Res 2024; 247:118235. [PMID: 38266904 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2011, over 30 tropical Atlantic nations have experienced substantial landings of holopelagic Sargassum spp. Its decomposition results in the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which, in elevated concentrations, can pose a threat to human health. This study aims to enhance our understanding of the temporal and spatial variability in H2S emissions during the decomposition of Sargassum on beaches. The primary objective is to assess potential exposure risks for local populations, tourists, and cleanup workers. METHODS H2S levels were monitored using a SENKO sensor (SGTP-H2S; limit of detection 0.1-100 ppm; resolution 0.1 ppm) at four distances from Sargassum accumulation points of (0, 10, 30, and 40 m) in Puerto Morelos, Mexico, during 2022 and 2023. RESULTS Elevated concentrations of H2S were detected beneath the Sargassum piles, with 23.5% of readings exceeding 5 ppm and occasional spikes above 100 ppm. Above the piles, 87.3% of the measurements remained below 2 ppm, and the remainder fell between 2.1 and 5.2 ppm. At 10 m from the shoreline, 90% of measurements registered below 0.1 ppm, and the remaining 10% were below 2 ppm. Readings at 30 and 40 m consistently recorded levels below 0.1 ppm. H2S concentrations positively correlated with Sargassum pile height, the temperature beneath the piles, and wind speed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest no immediate and significant exposure risk for residents or tourists. However, Sargassum cleanup workers face a higher exposure risk, potentially encountering concentrations above 5 ppm for nearly one-fourth of the working time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa E Rodríguez-Martínez
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales-Puerto Morelos, Instituto de Ciencias Del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 77580, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
| | - Miguel Ángel Gómez Reali
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales-Puerto Morelos, Instituto de Ciencias Del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 77580, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Gabriel Torres-Conde
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales-Puerto Morelos, Instituto de Ciencias Del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 77580, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico; Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1er Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P.04510, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Michael N Bates
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7367, USA
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Pacheco-Hernández Y, Villa-Ruano N, Lozoya-Gloria E, Terán-Sánchez EDJ, Becerra-Martínez E. Revealing the 1H NMR Profiling of Six Edible Mushrooms Consumed in the Northeastern Highlands of Puebla, Mexico. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202301851. [PMID: 38598722 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The 1H NMR metabolomics profiling of six edible mushrooms consumed in the northeastern highlands of Puebla, Mexico is presented. These fungi were morpho- and molecularly identified as Infundibulicybe squamulosa, Amanita jacksonii, Lepista nuda, Russula delica, Russula brevipes, and Lactarius indigo. The chemical profiling confirmed the presence of eight essential amino acids and their derivatives, six organic acids, six nucleosides, low amounts of reducing sugars, and valuable nutraceuticals such as betaine, carnitine, glycero-3-phosphocholine and O-acetylcarnitine which were differentially determined and quantified in the six mushrooms by qNMR. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) generated four different groups. Two of these groups were constituted by fungal species with phylogenic relationships whereas non-phylogenetic related species were separated from each other. The potential use of 1H NMR metabolomics and chemometrics to group macromycetes and determine the nutritional and nutraceutical potential of these local foods is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesenia Pacheco-Hernández
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Ingeniería genética, Km 9.6 Carretera Irapuato-León, CP 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico, 36824, Irapuato, MEXICO
| | - Nemesio Villa-Ruano
- CONACyT-Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Prolongación de la 24 Sur y Av. San Claudio, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manu, México, 73910, Puebla, MEXICO
| | - Edmundo Lozoya-Gloria
- Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Ingeniería genética, Km 9.6 Carretera Irapuato-León, CP 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico., 36824, Irapuato, MEXICO
| | - Estafania de Jesus Terán-Sánchez
- National Polytechnic Institute, Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Mexico, MEXICO
| | - Elvia Becerra-Martínez
- National Polytechnic Institute, Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Av. Luis Enrique Erro S/N, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, De, 07738, Mexico, MEXICO
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Lozada-Tequeanes AL, Théodore FL, Kim-Herrera E, García-Guerra A, Quezada-Sánchez AD, Alvarado-Casas R, Bonvecchio A. Effectiveness and Implementation of a Text Messaging mHealth Intervention to Prevent Childhood Obesity in Mexico in the COVID-19 Context: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e55509. [PMID: 38592753 PMCID: PMC11005909 DOI: 10.2196/55509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoting physical activity (PA) and healthy feeding (HF) is crucial to address the alarming increase in obesity rates in developing countries. Leveraging mobile phones for behavior change communication to encourage infant PA and promote HF is particularly significant within the Mexican context. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the effectiveness and feasibility of mHealth interventions aimed at promoting PA and HF among primary caregivers (PCs) of Mexican children under the age of 5 years. Additionally, the study aims to disseminate insights gained from intervention implementation amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and assess the potential of behavior change mHealth interventions on a broader population scale. METHODS NUTRES, an mHealth intervention, underwent an effectiveness-implementation hybrid trial. Over 36 weeks, participants in the intervention group (IG), totaling 230 individuals, received approximately 108 SMS text messages tailored to their children's age. These messages covered topics such as PA and HF and emphasized the significance of proper child nutrition amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. NUTRES participants were recruited from both urban and rural health units across 2 states in Mexico. Given the COVID-19 context, both baseline and follow-up surveys were conducted via mobile or fixed telephone. The evaluation of effectiveness and implementation used a mixed methods approach. Qualitative analysis delved into participants' experiences with NUTRES and various implementation indicators, including acceptance, relevance, and coverage. Grounded theory was used for coding and analysis. Furthermore, difference-in-differences regression models were used to discern disparities between groups (comparison group [CG] versus IG) concerning knowledge and practices pertaining to infant PA and HF. RESULTS Of the total 494 PCs enrolled in NUTRES, 334 persisted until the end of the study, accounting for 67.6% (334/494) participation across both groups. A majority of PCs (43/141, 30.5%, always; and 97/141, 68.8%, sometimes) used the SMS text message information. Satisfaction and acceptability toward NUTRES were notably high, reaching 98% (96/98), with respondents expressing that NUTRES was "good," "useful," and "helpful" for enhancing child nutrition. Significant differences after the intervention were observed in PA knowledge, with social interaction favored (CG: 8/135, 5.9% vs IG: 20/137, 14.6%; P=.048), as well as in HF practice knowledge. Notably, sweetened beverage consumption, associated with the development of chronic diseases, showed divergence (CG: 92/157, 58.6% vs IG: 110/145, 75.9%; P=.003). In the difference-in-differences model, a notable increase of 0.03 in knowledge regarding the benefits of PA was observed (CG: mean 0.13, SD 0.10 vs IG: mean 0.16, SD 0.11; P=.02). PCs expressed feeling accompanied and supported, particularly amidst the disruption of routine health care services during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS While NUTRES exhibited a restricted impact on targeted knowledge and behaviors, the SMS text messages functioned effectively as both a reminder and a source of new knowledge for PCs of Mexican children under 5 years of age. The key lessons learned were as follows: mHealth intervention strategies can effectively maintain communication with individuals during emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic; methodological and implementation barriers can constrain the effectiveness of mHealth interventions; and using mixed methods approaches ensures the complementary nature of results. The findings contribute valuable evidence regarding the opportunities and constraints associated with using mobile phones to enhance knowledge and practices concerning PA and HF among PCs of children under 5 years old. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04250896; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04250896.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florence L Théodore
- National Institute of Public Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Edith Kim-Herrera
- National Institute of Public Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Armando García-Guerra
- National Institute of Public Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Amado D Quezada-Sánchez
- National Institute of Public Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Rocio Alvarado-Casas
- National Institute of Public Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Anabelle Bonvecchio
- National Institute of Public Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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García-Varela M, Sereno-Uribe AL, Solórzano-García B, Pérez-Ponce de León G. The white grunt, Haemulon plumierii (Lacepède, 1801) as paratenic and definitive host of two acanthocephalan species, with the description of a new species of Dollfusentis (Palaeacanthocephala: Leptohynchoididae) from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. J Helminthol 2024; 98:e31. [PMID: 38584424 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x24000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Acanthocephalans are a group of obligate endoparasites that alternate between vertebrates and invertebrates to complete their life cycles. Occasionally, the same individual host acts as a definitive or paratenic host for different acanthocephalan species. In this study, acanthocephalans were sampled in marine fish in three localities of the Yucatán Peninsula; adults and cystacanths were recovered from the intestine and body cavity, respectively, of Haemulon plumierii from off the coast of Sisal, Yucatán. Ribosomal DNA sequences (small and large subunits) were used to test the phylogenetic position of the species of the genus Dollfusentis, whereas the mtDNA gene cox 1 was used for assessing species delimitation. The cox 1 analysis revealed an independent genetic lineage, which is recognized herein as a new species, Dollfusentis mayae n. sp. The new species is morphologically distinguished from the other six congeners by having a cylindrical proboscis armed with 22-25 longitudinal rows bearing 12 hooks each. The cystacanths were morphologically identified as Gorgorhynchus medius by having a cylindrical trunk covered with tiny irregular spines on the anterior region, and a cylindrical proboscis armed with 17-18 longitudinal rows of 21 hooks each; small and large subunit phylogenetic analyses yielded G. medius within the family Isthomosacanthidae, suggesting that Gorgorhynchus should be transferred to this family from Rhadinorhynchidae where it is currently allocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín García-Varela
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal 70-153. C.P., 04510 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Ana L Sereno-Uribe
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal 70-153. C.P., 04510 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Brenda Solórzano-García
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores unidad Mérida, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tablaje Catastral N°6998, Carretera Mérida-Tetiz Km. 4.5, Municipio de Ucú, 97357 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores unidad Mérida, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tablaje Catastral N°6998, Carretera Mérida-Tetiz Km. 4.5, Municipio de Ucú, 97357 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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Quevedo KL, Jáuregui A, Nieto C, Contreras-Manzano A, White CM, Vanderlee L, Barquera S, Corvalán C, Hammond D. Sociodemographic differences in nutrition labels effect on Chilean and Mexican youth. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2024; 48:e33. [PMID: 38576841 PMCID: PMC10993807 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2024.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine sociodemographic differences in the awareness, understanding, use and effect of nutrition labels among Mexican and Chilean youth. Methods Online surveys among youth (10-17 years) were obtained in 2019 (n=2631). Participants reported their awareness, understanding, and use of their country-specific nutrition facts tables (NFT) and front-of-pack labels (FOPL) (Chile: warning labels [WLs]; Mexico: guideline daily amounts [GDA]). Additionally, participants reported their perceived healthfulness of a sweetened fruit drink after viewing one of six versions of it with different FOPL (no-label control, Health Star Rating, WLs, GDAs, Traffic Light, or Nutri-Score) during an experimental task. Results Higher self-reported nutrition knowledge was associated with higher NFT and FOPL awareness, understanding, and use, except for WL use. WLs were the most effective FOPL in decreasing the perceived healthfulness of the sweetened fruit drink compared to a no-label condition and other FOP labels. In Chile, the effect of GDA differed by income adequacy, while in Mexico Nutri-Score differed by age. Conclusions Results suggest that nutrition label awareness, use, understanding, and impact differ across demographics, favoring higher income and nutrition knowledge. Despite this, WLs are likely to have a positive impact on nutrition-related knowledge and behaviors among Mexican and Chilean youth, independently of their socio-demographic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathia Larissa Quevedo
- Instituto Nacional de Salud PúblicaCuernavacaMexicoInstituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Instituto Nacional de Salud PúblicaCuernavacaMexicoInstituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | - Claudia Nieto
- Instituto Nacional de Salud PúblicaCuernavacaMexicoInstituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | - Alejandra Contreras-Manzano
- Consejo Nacional de HumanidadesCiencias y TecnologíasMexico CityMexicoConsejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christine M. White
- University of WaterlooWaterlooCanadaUniversity of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
| | - Lana Vanderlee
- Université LavalQuebecCanadaUniversité Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simón Barquera
- Instituto Nacional de Salud PúblicaCuernavacaMexicoInstituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | - Camila Corvalán
- Universidad de ChileSantiagoChileUniversidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Hammond
- University of WaterlooWaterlooCanadaUniversity of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
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Rincón-Rubio A, Mérida-Ortega Á, Ugalde-Resano R, Gamboa-Loira B, Rothenberg SJ, González FB, Cebrián ME, López-Carrillo L. Carcinogenic, non-carcinogenic risk, and attributable cases to organochlorine pesticide exposure in women from Northern Mexico. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:421. [PMID: 38570395 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk as well as the attributable cases due to exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs): hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorophenyltrichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), heptachlor, and chlordane. From serum concentrations of pesticides of interest in a sample of 908 women from Northern Mexico, the risk for both cancer and non-cancer health effects was evaluated. The population attributable fraction (PAF) was also calculated based on summary association estimates between exposure to OCPs and different health events. Findings revealed that due to their OCP exposure slightly less than half of the women in the sample were at increased risk of developing non-cancerous diseases. Moreover, approximately 25% and 75% of participants were at risk of develop some type of cancer associated with their HCB and DDE concentrations, respectively. In addition, it was estimated that 40.5% of type 2 diabetes, 18.7% of endometriosis, and 23.1% of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases could have been prevented if women had not been exposed to these OCPs. Results suggest that the use of OCPs may have contributed to the disease burden in the study area and, based on the time required for these substances to be eliminated from the body, there are probably some women who are still at elevated risk of developing diseases associated to OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Rincón-Rubio
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ángel Mérida-Ortega
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Rodrigo Ugalde-Resano
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Brenda Gamboa-Loira
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Av. Itzáes 498, Colonia Centro, C.P. 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Stephen J Rothenberg
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Fernando Bejarano González
- Red de Acción Sobre Plaguicidas y Alternativas en México, A. C. (RAPAM), Amado Nervo 23, Int. 3, Col. San Juanito, C.P. 56121, Texcoco, Estado de México, México
| | - Mariano E Cebrián
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Lizbeth López-Carrillo
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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10
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Casas-Muñoz A, Velasco-Rojano ÁE, Rodríguez-Caballero A, Prado-Solé E, Álvarez MG. ACEs and mental health problems as suicidality predictors in Mexican adolescents. Child Abuse Negl 2024; 150:106440. [PMID: 37684115 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various factors, including mental health comorbidity, family dysfunction, interpersonal violence, and community and social violence, cause suicidal behavior. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) encompass these risk factors and are correlated with mental health problems and suicidal behavior in Mexican adolescents. METHODS A survey was conducted among Mexican school-aged adolescents to measure ACEs, MHP symptoms, and suicidal behavior. A binary logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between these variables. The study was conducted with IRB approval, and all participants provided informed consent. Those at risk of suicide were referred for online psychological care. RESULTS 7325 adolescents participated; 60 % were women, with an average age of 16 years (SD + 1), 87 % of the participants reported at least one ACE, 13 % symptoms of at least one MHP and 10 % suicidal behavior. MHP predictors of suicidal behavior were: conduct problems (OR = 5.67), symptoms of depression (OR = 3.27), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OR = 2.11), somatic problems (OR = 1.98), and attention deficit (OR = 1.69). EAI predictors were: live sexual violence (OR = 2.53), physical violence (OR = 2.21), negligence (OR = 2.05), bullying (OR = 2.10), and a family member with a mental health diagnosis (OR = 1.35). The cumulative effect of ACEs and MHP significantly increased the risk (OR = 78.08). CONCLUSIONS 5 ACEs and 4 MHP were associated with suicidal behavior; their cumulative effect increased the risk to 78 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Casas-Muñoz
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados sobre Violencia - Prevención (CEAVI-P), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Ángel Eduardo Velasco-Rojano
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados sobre Violencia - Prevención (CEAVI-P), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Aarón Rodríguez-Caballero
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados sobre Violencia - Prevención (CEAVI-P), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Eva Prado-Solé
- Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia, UNICEF, Mexico
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11
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Sánchez-Ortiz NA, Colchero MA. Changes in Food and Beverage Purchases Associated With the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic in Mexico. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024; 124:521-530.e4. [PMID: 37541326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public policies to contain the spread of coronavirus disease in Mexico could have had an effect on food purchase patterns. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to assess changes in the quantity of food and beverages purchased and proportion spent on food consumed away from home during the coronavirus disease pandemic in Mexican households. DESIGN This study is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2014-2020. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING The study included 234,631 households with information on food and beverages purchases from 2014 to 2020. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Food and beverage purchases were classified into six categories: basic, nonbasic energy-dense foods, prepared food for consumption at home, water, milk, and sugar-sweetened beverages. In the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2014-2020, expenditures on food and beverages consumed away from home are not classified into any specific items but represents more than 10% of food and beverage expenditures; therefore, the analyses included the proportion of food and beverage expenditures spent on food consumed away from home. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED A two-part model was used to evaluate changes in the quantity of food purchased and the proportion spent away from home during the coronavirus disease pandemic in 2020 compared with 2018, adjusting for socio-demographic variables, gross domestic product and previous survey rounds. Results are presented at the national level, by income quintile and by place of residence. RESULTS Purchases of basic food increased by 17 g/capita/day at the national level and 22.4 g/capita/day in urban areas (P < 0.001). Purchases of nonbasic energy-dense foods decreased both at the national level (-4.2 g/capita/day; P < 0.001) and by place of residence (-4.8 g/capita/day; P < 0.001 in urban areas and -2.5 g/capita/day; P = 0.001 in rural settings). Purchases of prepared food increased 16 g/capita/day (P < 0.001). In rural areas, purchases of sugar-sweetened beverages increased 7.2 mL/per capita/day (P < 0.001). For the lowest income quintile purchases of processed meat increased 2.4 g/capita/day (P < 0.001). The proportion spent on food consumed away from home decreased by -44.9% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Results of this study show that during the coronavirus disease lockdown there was an increase in basic and prepared food purchases, whereas purchases of nonbasic energy-dense foods and the proportion spent on food consumed away from home decreased. However, findings showed an increase in sugar-sweetened beverages purchases among rural dwellers and an increase in purchases of processed meat among the lowest income quintile. Various factors such as income reductions, unemployment, mobility restrictions, or increases in prices may have led the observed changes. Future research should be conducted to analyze these potential pathways.
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12
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Avila-Montiel D, Vilchis-Gil J, Miranda-Lora AL, Velázquez-López L, Klünder-Klünder M. The Effects of an Educational Intervention About Front-of-Package Labeling on Food and Beverage Selection Among Children and Their Caregivers: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e54783. [PMID: 38557591 PMCID: PMC11019414 DOI: 10.2196/54783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity pose a global public health challenge and have a multifactorial origin. One of these factors includes obesogenic environments, which promote ultraprocessed foods characterized by being high in calories, saturated fats, added sugars, and sodium. In Mexico, it has been estimated that 30% of the total energy consumed comes from processed foods. The Modification to the Official Mexican Standards introduces nutritional information through black octagonal seals that alert consumers about products with excessive amounts of some components for a better food selection in the population. However, the effects of warning labels on processed food selection and purchases among children remain unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the impact of a digital educational intervention focusing on front-of-package warning labels on the food selection and purchasing behavior of elementary schoolchildren and their caregivers. METHODS Children from 4 elementary schools in Mexico City, 2 public and 2 private schools, will participate in a randomized controlled trial. The schools will be chosen by simple random sampling. Schools will be randomized into 2 groups: intervention and control. In the control group, the dyads (caregiver-schoolchildren) will receive general nutritional education, and in the intervention group, they will receive guidance on reading labels and raising awareness about the impact of consuming ultraprocessed products on health. The educational intervention will be conducted via a website. Baseline measurements will be taken for both groups at 3 and 6 months. All participants will have access to an online store through the website, allowing them to engage in exercises for selecting and purchasing food and beverages. In addition, other measures will include a brief 5-question exam to evaluate theoretical understanding, a 24-hour reminder, a survey on food habits and consumption, application of a food preference scale, anthropometric measurements, and recording of school lunch choices. RESULTS Registration and funding were authorized in 2022, and we will begin data collection in September 2024. Recruitment has not yet taken place, but the status of data analysis and expected results will be published in April 2025. CONCLUSIONS The study is expected to contribute to evaluating whether reinforcing front-of-package warning labels with education enhances its effects and makes them more sustainable. Conducting this study will allow us to propose whether or not it is necessary to develop new intervention strategies related to front-of-package labeling for a better understanding of the population, improved food choices, and better health outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06102473; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06102473. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/54783.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Avila-Montiel
- Epidemiological Research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Jenny Vilchis-Gil
- Epidemiological Research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, CDMX, Mexico
| | - América Liliana Miranda-Lora
- Epidemiological Research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Lubia Velázquez-López
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit Dr. Carlos Mac Gregor Sánchez Navarro, Mexican Social Security Institute, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Miguel Klünder-Klünder
- Epidemiological Research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, CDMX, Mexico
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13
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Salas-Ortiz A. Socioeconomic Inequalities and Ethnic Discrimination in COVID-19 Outcomes: the Case of Mexico. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:900-912. [PMID: 37041406 PMCID: PMC10089566 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
In Mexico, Indigenous people were hospitalised and killed by COVID-19 at a disproportionate rate compared to the non-Indigenous population. The main factors contributing to this were poor health conditions and impoverished social and economic circumstances within the country. The objective of this study is to examine the extent to which ethnic disparities are attributable to processes of structural discrimination and further explore the factors that exacerbate or mitigate them. Using administrative public data on COVID-19 and Census information, this study uses the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method to examine the extent to which disparities are illegitimate and signal discrimination against Indigenous people. The results show that although ethnic disparities were mainly attributable to observable differences in individual and contextual characteristics, 22.8% (p < 0.001) of the ethnic gap in hospitalisations, 17.5% in early deaths and 16.4% in overall deaths remained unexplained and could potentially indicate systemic discrimination. These findings highlight that pre-existing and longstanding illegitimate disparities against Indigenous people jeopardise the capacity of multi-ethnic countries to achieve social justice in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Salas-Ortiz
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, Alcuin Block A, York, YO105DD, North Yorkshire, England, UK.
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14
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Dávila-Cervantes CA, Agudelo-Botero M. Young-onset chronic kidney disease in Mexico: Secondary analysis of global burden of disease study, 1990-2019. Prev Med 2024; 181:107901. [PMID: 38387518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the burden of young-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Mexico from 1990 to 2019, and to assess the association between young-onset CKD burden with the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), and the Healthcare Access and Quality Index (HAQ). METHODS Secondary analysis of data using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) by sex, age groups, states, and subcauses. Mortality, years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALY), were obtained. RESULTS Between 1990 and 2019, the young-onset CKD mortality rate increased by 87.3% (126.3% for men and 48.1% for women). In 2019, this rate was highest in Tlaxcala, Estado de México, Puebla, Veracruz, Jalisco, and Guanajuato (all above 8 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants); Sinaloa and Quintana Roo had the lowest mortality rates (under 3.5 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants). While men had a higher rate of YLL, women were more likely to present YLD due to CKD. In 1990 there was a negative and statistically significant correlation between the HAQ Index and the young-onset CKD DALY rate. CONCLUSIONS In the last 30 years, the burden of early-onset chronic CKD has had an unprecedented increase among the Mexican population, compromising the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals. This will be unattainable if actions to promote healthy lifestyles and prevent kidney disease are not immediately established and articulated, starting with the youngest age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela Agudelo-Botero
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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15
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Armenta-González LL, Hernández-Pérez JG, Feeney EL, Vázquez-Salas A, Galván-Portillo M, López DS, Torres-Sánchez L. Differential association between dairy intake patterns and incident prostate cancer: a potential dairy matrix effect. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:847-857. [PMID: 38197912 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between dairy intake patterns and the risk of prostate cancer (PC), and its histological differentiation, among men from Mexico City. METHODS We analyzed the information from 394 incident PC cases paired by age (± 5 years) with 794 population controls. According to the Gleason score at diagnosis, cases were classified as well- (≤ 6), moderately- (= 7), and poorly differentiated PC (≥ 8). Based on a semiquantitative-food frequency questionnaire and using energy-density approach, we estimated the energy-adjusted daily intake of whole milk, cheese (fresh, Oaxaca, and Manchego), cream, and yogurt. Through a principal component analysis, we identified three dairy intake patterns: whole milk, cheese, and yogurt. The association between each dairy intake pattern and PC was evaluated from independent nonconditional logistic regression models. We also evaluated the mediator role of calcium and saturated fat intake. RESULTS After adjustment, a high intake of whole milk pattern was associated with a 63% increased risk of PC (ORhigh vs low: 1.63; 95% CI 1.17-2.25, p trend = 0.002); at expenses of moderately (ORhigh vs low: 1.77; 95% CI 1.09-2.85, p trend = 0.015) and poorly differentiated PC (ORhigh vs low: 1.75; 95% CI 1.05- 2.92, p trend = 0.031). The association was mainly mediated by calcium intake (proportion mediated = 1.17; p < 0.01). No associations were found between cream and yogurt intake patterns with risk of PC, and its histological grade. CONCLUSIONS A differential association of dairy intake patterns with risk of PC, and the poorly differentiated PC, was identified. This association seems to be determined by different dairy matrices and it is mediated by calcium content. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and be able to identify other potential mediators in the etiology of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Lizbeth Armenta-González
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Escuela de Salud Pública de México, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jesús Gibran Hernández-Pérez
- Escuela de Salud Pública de México, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Emma L Feeney
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Argelia Vázquez-Salas
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Marcia Galván-Portillo
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - David S López
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public and Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa Torres-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Col Sta. María Ahuacatitlán, CP. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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16
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Medina-Gómez OS. [Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular disease mortality trends in Mexico, 2000-2022]. Semergen 2024; 50:102170. [PMID: 38306759 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2023.102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality trends in Mexico. METHODS An ecological study was conducted where deaths from CVD reported in Mexico under the ICD-10 classification with codes I10 to I99 for the period 2000-2022 were analyzed. Age-standardized mortality rates were calculated at the national and state levels, then the annual percentage variation was estimated using joinpoint analysis to know the changes in the mortality trend in the period studied. RESULTS There was an increase of 27.96 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants from 2000 to 2022 in Mexico. The joinpoint analysis shows in the period 2019-2021 an annual percentage change at the national level of 17,398 and subsequently a negative trend is presented between the years 2021-2022. The states of Guanajuato, Tlaxcala and Querétaro showed the largest increases in CVD mortality trends during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The trend in CVD mortality in Mexico increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Medina-Gómez
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.
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17
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Borges G, Orozco R, Pérez-Núñez R, Pechansky F. Substance use and type of Road Traffic Injury in Mexico City. J Prev (2022) 2024; 45:323-337. [PMID: 38353804 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-024-00769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Limited data are available in Mexico on the prevalence of alcohol and drug use and the possible differences in their effects on types of road traffic injury (RTI), such as those involving pedestrians, drivers or passengers of motorcycles or other motor vehicles, and the association between substance use and driving behaviors, for preventive purposes. The sample comprised 433 adult RTI patients, admitted to the emergency department (ED) of a public hospital in Mexico City (January to April 2022). Breath Alcohol Concentration (BAC) was measured using a breath tester, and six types of drugs (amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabis, cocaine, and methamphetamine) were assessed using a saliva screen test. RTI patients also self-reported their alcohol and drug use in the six hours prior to the accident. Approximately 62% of respondents had been involved in a motorcycle crash. One in three patients self-reported or had traces of a substance in their saliva or breath. The most common substance was alcohol (23.6%), followed by cannabis and stimulants (10.9%). One in five patients reported having used a cell phone ten minutes before the injury. One in three had not been using any safety device, the only behavior exacerbated by substance use. We found a high prevalence of substance use in the sample of RTI patients admitted to the ED, regardless of the type of the RTI, together with high cell phone rates. Motorcycle passengers under the influence were particularly likely not to have been wearing a helmet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Borges
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, Calzada México Xochimilco 101. Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco C.P., Tlalpan, 14370, CDMX, México.
| | - Ricardo Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría, Calzada México Xochimilco 101. Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco C.P., Tlalpan, 14370, CDMX, México
| | | | - Flavio Pechansky
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul / Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Rivera-Paredez B, Morales M, Velázquez-Cruz R, Salmerón J, Jiménez-Corona A, Balderas-Arteaga N, González-Villalpando C, Tamayo J, Lajous M, Catzin-Kuhlmann A, Nelson R, Correa-Rotter R, Denova-Gutierréz E. Association between soft drinks intake and low glomerular filtration rate in Mexican adults: Results from RenMex. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1062-1069. [PMID: 38547595 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To evaluate the association between soft drinks (SDs) consumption and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a Mexican adult population. METHODS We used data from the RenMex consortium (n = 2095) that included the Mexican Teachers Cohort Study (34-65 years), the Health Workers Cohort Study (18-90 years), and the Comitán Study (19-91 years). In this cross-sectional study, we assessed SDs consumption (cola and flavored soda) using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and estimated eGFR using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Quantile regression was used to assess the association between SDs consumption and eGFR with eGFR as a continuous variable. Multinomial logistic regression models were used for eGFR categories derived from quantile regression (mildly decreased eGFR, ≥72.9-87.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 and moderately decreased eGFR, <72.9 mL/min/1.73 m2). RESULTS Mean age of study participants was 47.2 years, 67.5% were women, and 12.2% had diabetes. eGFR was <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 in 3.7% of study participants. Mildly decreased eGFR was present in 14.8%, and moderately decreased eGFR was present in 10.1% of study participants. Quantile regression results showed that SDs consumption was associated with lower eGFR at the 10th, 25th, 50th and 75th percentile. Based on the final adjusted multinomial model, ≥7 servings/week was positively associated with moderately decreased eGFR relative to <1 serving/week (Relative Risk Ratio = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.07-3.57). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that higher SDs consumption is associated with lower eGFR. Encouraging healthy dietary choices should be part of the management and prevention of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariluz Morales
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aida Jiménez-Corona
- Department of Ocular Epidemiology and Visual Health, Instituto de Oftalmología Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nydia Balderas-Arteaga
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | - Martin Lajous
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Andrés Catzin-Kuhlmann
- Dirección de Medicina, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Robert Nelson
- Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Ricardo Correa-Rotter
- Departamento de Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Edgar Denova-Gutierréz
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Casas-Muñoz A, Velasco-Rojano ÁE, Rodríguez-Caballero A, Prado-Solé E, Álvarez MG. ACE-IQ extended version validation and ACE's frequency in Mexican adolescents. Child Abuse Negl 2024; 150:106492. [PMID: 37805276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) may have short, middle, and long-term consequences on people's development and physical and mental health. There is a need for information on this subject in low- and middle-income countries and a need to reduce recall bias in ACEs research worldwide. OBJECTIVE Hence our objectives were to translate, adapt and validate the Adverse Childhood Experiences extended version and to determine ACEs frequencies in a sample of Mexican adolescents. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A convenience sample of 5835 schooled Mexican adolescents (age: M = 16.13, SD = 1.32; 61.01 % females) from 20 states in Mexico completed a survey. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted with an extended version of the ACE-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ), which assesses 23 ACEs organized into five categories: situations that cause household dysfunction, exposure to violence, violence from parents or guardians, interpersonal violence, and sociodemographic context. RESULTS Evidence of construct validity and reliability of the questionnaire was obtained, and 16 ACEs were included in the final ACE-IQ version. 90 % of adolescents had one or more ACEs. Neglect was the most experienced ACE reported by 73.30 % of the participants, with no significant difference by age, sex, or geographic region. CONCLUSION ACE-IQ questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument to recommend its use for generating information on ACEs in studies on Mexican adolescents. The results on the frequency of ACEs revealed that 90 % of this schooled Mexican adolescent sample had experienced one or more ACEs, and about a third had experienced six or more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Casas-Muñoz
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados sobre Violencia-Prevención (CEAVI-P), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ángel Eduardo Velasco-Rojano
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados sobre Violencia-Prevención (CEAVI-P), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Aarón Rodríguez-Caballero
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados sobre Violencia-Prevención (CEAVI-P), Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Eva Prado-Solé
- Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia, UNICEF, México
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Saldaña-Jiménez F, Almaguer-Martínez FJ, Hernández-Cabrera F, Morales-Vidales JA, Soto-Rocha MVI, Walle-García O. Impact and evolution of risk factors associated with hospitalization and mortality due to COVID-19 during the six epidemic waves in Mexico. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27962. [PMID: 38510039 PMCID: PMC10950712 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to analyze and compare the main risk factors for hospitalization and deaths due to COVID-19 during the six epidemic waves from February 2020 to June 2023 in Mexico. Methods First, a descriptive analysis of the risk factors that led to hospitalization and mortality due to COVID-19 was performed. Next, the degree of relationship of each risk factor with hospitalization and death was determined using Cramer's V coefficient. Finally, logistic regression models were applied to estimate the odds ratios of the most statistically significant risk factors for hospitalization and mortality. Results A direct relationship between age and the possibility of hospitalization and death due to COVID-19 was found. Moreover, the comorbidities most likely to lead to hospitalization and death were pneumonia, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and CKD. It is also remarkable that the second factor of death is endotracheal intubation. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico revealed the reality of an epidemiological scenario where infectious diseases and chronic degenerative diseases coexist and interrelate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Saldaña-Jiménez
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, UANL, Av. Universidad S/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de Los Garza, 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Almaguer-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, UANL, Av. Universidad S/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de Los Garza, 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Francisco Hernández-Cabrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, UANL, Av. Universidad S/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de Los Garza, 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - José Abraham Morales-Vidales
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, UANL, Av. Universidad S/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de Los Garza, 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - M. Valentina I. Soto-Rocha
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, UANL, Av. Universidad S/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de Los Garza, 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Otoniel Walle-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, UANL, Av. Universidad S/n Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de Los Garza, 66451, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Barquet-Muñoz SA, Arteaga-Gómez C, Díaz-López E, Rodríguez-Trejo A, Marquez-Acosta J, Aranda-Flores C. Current status and challenges in timely detection of cervical cancer in Mexico: expert consensus. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1383105. [PMID: 38606102 PMCID: PMC11007212 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1383105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a significant public health problem in low- and middle-income countries, accounting for 85% of new cases worldwide. Due to poorly organized screening programs, cervical cancer is more likely to develop in vulnerable groups who do not initiate or rarely undergo screening. Cervical cytology and detecting high-risk human papillomavirus types are the recommended screening tools. Further, these strategies allow for accurately identifying women at a higher risk of cervical cancer and establishing screening times. New detection tools, such as novel biomarkers or automatic HPV detection in the vagina or urine, can improve screening coverage. This review aims to identify the challenges faced by detection programs and screening tools in Mexico to provide evidence-based recommendations to improve early detection programs for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elsa Díaz-López
- Colegio Mexicano de Especialistas en Ginecología y Obstetricia, Mexico City, Mexico
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Márquez Rodríguez CB. The Eschucha (Listen) Podcast Project: Psychosocial Innovation for Marginalized Mexican Youth and Young Adults. Cult Med Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s11013-024-09847-7. [PMID: 38530537 DOI: 10.1007/s11013-024-09847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic was a challenging period for young people in Mexico, particularly those already contending with social and structural inequality. In March 2021, the Colectivo Frontera, a research collective based in Mexico City, Mexico, which works on advancing equity and psychosocial wellbeing among marginalized communities, carried out an 8-week, online project to provide psychosocial support and promote resilience for marginalized young people from different locations in Mexico. The project entailed weekly journaling with the Pandemic Journaling Project (PJP), as well as weekly phone sessions with a mental health specialist who provided emotional support (acompañamiento emocional) through practices of active listening. The project culminated in the Escucha (Listen) Podcast for which each youth participant created an episode about their experiences during the pandemic. Many also submitted a photo to accompany their recording; one produced a song. Participant episodes were compiled into a series of five chapters. Each chapter of the podcast centers on a common theme, including reflections on loved ones lost to COVID-19, social fragmentation, gender-based constraints on expressing emotions, and the experiences and perspectives of children. The project provides a compelling example of a low-cost approach to providing support for the mental health and wellbeing of marginalized young people. It also demonstrates the importance of creating projects that help young people make meaningful connections and that leverage their creativity to foster resilience, improve social cohesion, and elevate their perspectives and voices.
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Rivera-Espinosa L, Castellanos-Carrizal C, Montes S. Pediatric tuberculosis in Mexico and the COVID-19 phenomenon: Past and present. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2024; 71:1-9. [PMID: 38358414 DOI: 10.1556/030.2024.02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
In endemic regions, tuberculosis in children constitutes a bigger fraction of total cases as compared to those in low endemic regions, regardless of the implications, this phenomenon has been historically neglected. Pediatric tuberculosis has an insidious onset and quickly develops into disseminated disease and the young are at a special risk for dissemination. Some studies suggest that measures to contain adult tuberculosis are not enough to manage tuberculosis in children, meaning that pediatric tuberculosis needs dedicated attention. Children are harder to diagnose than adults, because collecting samples is difficult, and their bacterial yield is low. In endemic countries, such as Mexico, where contact with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is common, immunological tests are inconsistent, especially in immunocompromised children. With the disruption of Mexican healthcare services by the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an uncertainty of how the situation has evolved, current data about tuberculosis indicates a drop in the national report of cases: 15.4 per 100,000 persons in 2021, compared with pre-COVID 2019 17.7 per 100,000 persons, a small increase in mortality: 1.7 per 100,000 in 2021 compared with 2019 1.6 per 100,000, a drop in treatment success: 80.4% in 2021 compared with 85.4% in 2019, and a decrease in national vaccination rates: an estimate of 86.6% children between 1 and 2 years-old were vaccinated in 2021 compared with 97.3% reported national rate in 2018-2019. There is a need for new research on regions with high tuberculosis incidence, to clarify the current situation of pediatric tuberculosis and improve epidemiological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Rivera-Espinosa
- 1Laboratorio de Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ave Iman No.1, Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Coyoacán, CDMX, Ciudad de México, 04530, México
| | - Chaak Castellanos-Carrizal
- 2Laboratorio de Química Analítica, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Calle 16 y Lago de Chapala, Col. Aztlán, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, 88740, México
| | - Sergio Montes
- 2Laboratorio de Química Analítica, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Calle 16 y Lago de Chapala, Col. Aztlán, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, 88740, México
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Alcaraz M, Pierce H, Eggum ND, Nuño-Gutiérrez BL, Ghimire D. A cross-cultural examination of adverse childhood experiences in low-and middle-income countries and their relation with adolescent educational aspirations. Child Abuse Negl 2024; 152:106756. [PMID: 38531287 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events that occur before the age of 18. Researchers have examined the negative associations between adversity and adolescent and adult outcomes, such as education and physical health. However, research on ACEs, and their association with other outcomes in non-western contexts is sparse. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to increase our understanding of the prevalence of ACEs - and their association with educational aspirations - in low- and middle-income country contexts. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING We utilize data from the Family Migration and Early Life Outcomes (FAMELO) project, a multi-site survey project that collected data from families in historically high-migration contexts. ACEs and educational aspirations were measured in children aged 11 to17 years in Mexico (n = 853), Mozambique (n = 651), and Nepal (n = 1180). METHODS We use Poisson regressions to examine the prevalence of ACEs in multiple cultures, and then use multinomial logistic regressions to examine whether ACEs are associated with educational aspirations, as a practical application of the utility of the ACEs framework in cross-cultural contexts. RESULTS Our results suggest that adolescents in Mozambique have a higher average number of ACEs (2.7) than adolescents in Mexico (1.4) and Nepal (1.3). Female adolescents reported fewer ACEs, while socioeconomic vulnerabilities (low-income and low parental education) were associated with higher exposure to ACEs, with differences by country. Lastly, ACEs were associated with lower educational aspirations in Mexico and Nepal. CONCLUSIONS Our study attempted to heed the call of many scholars who have pushed for an expansion of research on ACEs in non-western, low- and middle-income country contexts.
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Terrones-Ramírez AK, Robles-Bello SM, Vázquez-López M, Ramírez-Barrera SM, Zamudio-Beltrán LE, López López A, Arizmendi MDC, Durán-Suárez del Real AP, Eguiarte LE, Hernández-Baños BE. Recent genetic, phenetic and ecological divergence across the Mesoamerican highlands: a study case with Diglossa baritula (Aves: Thraupidae). PeerJ 2024; 12:e16797. [PMID: 38529306 PMCID: PMC10962342 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The topographical, geological, climatic and biodiversity complexity of Mesoamerica has made it a primary research focus. The Mesoamerican highlands is a region with particularly high species richness and within-species variation. The Cinnamon-bellied Flowerpiercer, Diglossa baritula (Wagler, 1832), is a species endemic to the Mesoamerican highlands, with three allopatric subspecies currently recognized. To characterize divergence within this species, we integrated genomics, morphology, coloration and ecological niche modeling approaches, obtained from sampling individuals across the entire geographic distribution of the species. Our results revealed a clear genomic divergence between the populations to the east versus the west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. In contrast to the genomic results, morphology and coloration analyses showed intermediate levels of differentiation, indicating that population groups within D. baritula have probably been under similar selective pressures. Our morphology results indicated that the only sexually dimorphic morphological variable is the wing chord, with males having a longer wing chord than females. Finally, ecological data indicated that there are differences in ecological niche within D. baritula. Our data suggest that D. baritula could contain two or more incipient species at the intermediate phase of the speciation continuum. These results highlight the importance of the geographical barrier of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and Pleistocene climatic events in driving isolation and population divergence in D. baritula. The present investigation illustrates the speciation potential of the D. baritula complex and the capacity of Mesoamerican highlands to create cryptic biodiversity and endemism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alondra K. Terrones-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CdMx, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CDMX, México
| | - Sahid M. Robles-Bello
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Melisa Vázquez-López
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Sandra M. Ramírez-Barrera
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Luz E. Zamudio-Beltrán
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Anuar López López
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Maria del Coro Arizmendi
- Laboratorio de Ecología, UBIPRO Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Ana Paula Durán-Suárez del Real
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Luis E. Eguiarte
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CdMx, Mexico
| | - Blanca E. Hernández-Baños
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CdMx, Mexico
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Rodríguez-Gutiérrez PG, Hernández-Flores TDJ, Zepeda-Olmos PM, Reyes-Rodríguez CD, Robles-Espinoza K, Solís-Gómez U, González-García JR, Magaña-Torres MT. High Prevalence of Familial Hypercholesterolemia Due to the Founder Effect of the LDLR c.2271del Variant in Communities of Oaxaca, Mexico. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:102971. [PMID: 38513336 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Mexico, familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is underdiagnosed, but population screening in small communities where at least one homozygous patient has already been detected results in a useful and inexpensive approach to reduce this problem. Considering that we previously reported nine homozygous cases from the state of Oaxaca, we decided to perform a population screening to identify patients with FH and to describe both their biochemical and genetic characteristics. METHODS LDL cholesterol (LDLc) was quantified in 2,093 individuals from 11 communities in Oaxaca; either adults with LDLc levels ≥170 mg/dL or children with LDLc ≥130 mg/dL were classified as suggestive of FH and therefore included in the genetic study. LDLR and APOB (547bp fragment of exon 26) genes were screened by sequencing and MLPA analysis. RESULTS Two hundred and five individuals had suggestive FH, with a mean LDLc of 223 ± 54 mg/dL (range: 131-383 mg/dL). Two pathogenic variants in the LDLR gene were detected in 149 individuals: c.-139_-130del (n = 1) and c.2271del (n = 148). All patients had a heterozygous genotype. With the cascade screening of their relatives (n = 177), 15 heterozygous individuals for the c.2271del variant were identified, presenting a mean LDLc of 133 ± 35 mg/dL (range: 60-168 mg/dL). CONCLUSIONS The FH frequency in this study was 7.8% (164/2093), the highest reported worldwide. A founder effect combined with inbreeding could be responsible for the high percentage of patients with the LDLR c.2271del variant (99.4%), which allowed us to detect both significant biochemical heterogeneity and incomplete penetrance; hence, we assumed the presence of phenotype-modifying variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Graciela Rodríguez-Gutiérrez
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México; División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Teresita de Jesús Hernández-Flores
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales. Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Paola Montserrat Zepeda-Olmos
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México; División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Christian Daniel Reyes-Rodríguez
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México; División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Kiabeth Robles-Espinoza
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México; División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Ulises Solís-Gómez
- Hospital Regional, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Tepic Aquiles Calles Ramírez, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Juan Ramón González-García
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - María Teresa Magaña-Torres
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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Velasco-Hidalgo L, González-Garay A, Segura-Pacheco BA, Esparza-Silva AL, Cuéllar Mendoza ME, Ochoa-Drucker C, Campos-Ugalde S, Bernabé-Gaspar LE, Zapata-Tarrés M. Virtual reality as a non-medical tool in the treatment of anxiety, pain, and perception of time in children in the maintenance phase of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1303421. [PMID: 38567149 PMCID: PMC10985350 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1303421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Management of pediatric cancer patients involves invasive procedures such as punctures, injections, catheter placements, and chemotherapy which can generate fatigue, nausea, vomiting, anxiety, and pain. Virtual Reality (VR) is a nonpharmacological intervention classified as a cognitive-behavioral method to relieve symptoms. Methods We designed a crossover protocol and included 20 patients between 9 and 12 years old; ten were male. All patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia diagnosis and were treatedwith St. Jude's XV protocol in the maintenance phase. Pain and anxiety were measured with validated scales in the pediatric population. Results Although we used a small group of patients, we found statistical difference in the reduction of anxiety and perception of time. Discussion These results open a window to non-pharmacological treatments and show a strategy to improve quality of life in children inside the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Enrique Cuéllar Mendoza
- Research Coordination, Fundación Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS A.C.), Mexico City, Mexico
- Biochemestry Department at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Ochoa-Drucker
- Research Coordination, Fundación Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS A.C.), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Marta Zapata-Tarrés
- Research Coordination, Fundación Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS A.C.), Mexico City, Mexico
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Falcón-Flores JA, Jiménez-Corona ME, Flores-Hernández S, Vázquez-Duran M, Jiménez-Corona A. [Impact of self-reported periodontal status on oral health-related quality of life in adult population with Type 2 Diabetes from Mexico City]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2024; 98:e202403021. [PMID: 38516881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontitis ranks sixth as a type 2 diabetes (T2D) complication. According to its severity, it may cause pain, discomfort and tooth loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of self-reported periodontal status on the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of people with T2D. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted involving seventy-nine adults with T2D who visited the Metabolic Syndrome clinic at the Cosío Villegas National Institute of Respiratory Diseases in Mexico City between August and November 2010. The OHRQoL was evaluated with the shortened Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-EE14). Periodontitis was measured by self-report, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). The association between self-reported periodontal status and OHRQoL was evaluated with binomial regression models. RESULTS Mean age of the participants was 60,4 years (SD=9,6); diabetes duration was 10,1 years (SD=6,6). The OHRQoL was associated with self-perception of bad breath (RR=1,58; p=0,025), self-perception of poor gum health (RR=1,66; p=0,016), dissatisfaction with chewing ability (RR=2,22; p≤0,001), tooth loss due to mobility (RR=1,74; p=0,019), and presence of 20 teeth or less (RR=1,57; p=0,045). CONCLUSIONS OHRQoL is associated with self-report of bad breath, poor gum health and dissatisfaction with chewing ability in people with T2D, which suggests that self-perceived oral conditions represent signs and symptoms of functional and psychological impairment related to severe periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Armando Falcón-Flores
- Departamento de Epidemiología Ocular y Salud Visual; Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana. Ciudad de México. México
| | - María Eugenia Jiménez-Corona
- Departamento de Epidemiología; Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez; Secretaría de Salud. Ciudad de México. México
| | | | - Marisela Vázquez-Duran
- Departamento de Epidemiología Ocular y Salud Visual; Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana. Ciudad de México. México
| | - Aida Jiménez-Corona
- Departamento de Epidemiología Ocular y Salud Visual; Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana. Ciudad de México. México
- Dirección General de Epidemiología; Secretaría de Salud. Ciudad de México. México
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Calles-Cabanillas LE, Aguillón-Durán GP, Ayala D, Caso JA, Garza M, Joya-Ayala M, Cruz-Gonzalez AM, Loera-Salazar R, Prieto-Martinez E, Rodríguez-Herrera JE, Garcia-Oropesa EM, Thomas JM, Lee M, Torrelles JB, Restrepo BI. Interaction between type 2 diabetes and past COVID-19 on active tuberculosis. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-3989104. [PMID: 38559235 PMCID: PMC10980154 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3989104/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global setback in tuberculosis (TB) prevalence and mortality in the post-COVID-19 era have been partially attributed to pandemic-related disruptions in healthcare systems. The additional biological contribution of COVID-19 to TB is less clear. The goal of this study was to determine if there is an association between COVID-19 in the past 18 months and a new TB episode, and the role played by type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) comorbidity in this relationship. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 112 new active TB patients and 373 non-TB controls, identified between June 2020 and November 2021 in communities along the Mexican border with Texas. Past COVID-19 was based on self-report or positive serology. Bivariable/multivariable analysis were used to evaluate the odds of new TB in hosts with past COVID-19 and/or DM status. RESULTS The odds of new TB were higher among past COVID-19 cases vs. controls, but only significant among DM patients (aOR 2.3). The odds of TB given DM was 2.7-fold among participants without past COVID-19 and increased to 7.9-fold among those with past COVID-19. CONCLUSION DM interacts with past COVID-19 synergistically to magnify the risk of TB. Latent TB screening and prophylactic treatment, if positive, is recommended in this COVID-19/DM/latent TB high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Doris Ayala
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - José A Caso
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Miguel Garza
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Miryoung Lee
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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Martínez-Ibarra JA, Grant-Guillén Y, Nogueda-Torres B, Meraz-Medina T, Martínez-Grant DM. Life history data of a Triatoma protracta nahuatlae, T. sinaloensis, and their laboratory hybrids (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). J Med Entomol 2024; 61:309-317. [PMID: 38339860 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease is one of the most significant vector-borne diseases in Mexico. The presence of "sylvatic" triatomine vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas) inside human dwellings necessitates estimating their vectorial capacity. To estimate this capacity in Triatoma protracta nahuatlae (Ryckman), Triatoma sinaloensis (Ryckman), and their laboratory hybrids, 6 biological parameters were examined. Triatoma sinaloensis exhibited the shortest development time (155 days), with a median of 12 blood meals. Mortality rates varied from 35% to 45% in the 3 studied cohorts. All 3 cohorts were aggressive, initiating feeding within 0.5-1 min, and had similar feeding periods ranging from 10 to 18 min. A majority (75.3-97.9%) of the hybrids defecated when feeding, immediately after feeding, or in less than 1 min post-feeding. In contrast, only 7-42% of nymphs of T. sinaloensis defecated during the same period. Our results regarding the 6 parameters studied confirm the potential role of T. p. nahuatlae as an efficient vector of T. cruzi. Triatoma sinaloensis, on the other hand, exhibited limited vectorial capacity primarily due to its poor defecation behavior. Continued surveillance of these "sylvatic" triatomine populations is necessary to prevent an epidemiological problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alejandro Martínez-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Enrique Arreola Silva 883, Ciudad Guzmán 49000, Jalisco, México
| | - Yunuen Grant-Guillén
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Enrique Arreola Silva 883, Ciudad Guzmán 49000, Jalisco, México
| | - Benjamín Nogueda-Torres
- Becario de COFAA, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Tzintli Meraz-Medina
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Enrique Arreola Silva 883, Ciudad Guzmán 49000, Jalisco, México
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Enrique Arreola Silva 883, Ciudad Guzmán 49000, Jalisco, México
| | - Diana Monserrat Martínez-Grant
- Laboratorio de Entomología Médica, Departamento de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Enrique Arreola Silva 883, Ciudad Guzmán 49000, Jalisco, México
- Carrera de Medicina, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Enrique Arreola Silva 883, Ciudad Guzmán 49000, Jalisco, México
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Vargas SM, Rivas WA, Ryder A, Lara Muñoz MDCE, López SR. Cultural pathways to psychosis care: Patient and caregiver narratives from Puebla, Mexico. Transcult Psychiatry 2024:13634615241233683. [PMID: 38470500 DOI: 10.1177/13634615241233683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The current study used the McGill Illness Narrative Interview (MINI) to explore patients' (n = 6) and caregivers' (n = 3) narratives about how they identified and sought care for psychosis. Participants were recruited from an outpatient clinic at the Hospital Psiquiátrico Dr. Rafael Serrano, a public psychiatric hospital in Puebla, Mexico. All participants consented to complete semi-structured interviews in Spanish. Thematic analyses were used to inductively identify common themes in participants' narratives. The results indicated that during the initial symptom onset, most participants noticed the presence of hallucinations but did not seek help for this hallmark symptom. Participants described seeking care only when they or their ill relative exhibited escalating aggressive behaviors or physical symptoms that were interpreted as common medical problems. As participants became connected to specialty mental health services, they began to develop a conceptualization of psychosis as a disorder of aggression. For some participants, this conceptualization of psychosis as an illness of aggression contributed to their ambivalence about the diagnosis. These results can be understood using a cultural scripts framework, which suggests that cultural norms are influenced by collective understandings of normalcy and valorization of behaviors. Implications for community campaigns are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvanna M Vargas
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wilmer A Rivas
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- San Diego VA Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Ryder
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Steven R López
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Gaona-Pineda EB, López-Olmedo N, Moreno-Macías H, Shamah-Levy T. Three approaches to assessing dietary quality in Mexican adolescents from 2006 to 2018 with data from national health and nutrition surveys. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e97. [PMID: 38465375 PMCID: PMC10993068 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess trends in the dietary quality of Mexican adolescents from 2006 to 2018, both overall and by sociodemographic indicators, using adaptations of the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health (PH) recommendations, optimal intake estimated by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) and 2015 Mexican Dietary Guidelines (MDG) in nationally representative samples. DESIGN Using dietary data from a semi-quantitative FFQ, dietary quality indexes were constructed as adaptations of three dietary intake recommendations. Trends in adherence to recommendations were evaluated with multivariate quantile regression models with survey year as the main independent variable and adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, dwelling area, geographical region, household assets condition, and student/non-student status. P values and CI were Bonferroni-corrected. SETTING Mexico. PARTICIPANTS Non-pregnant or lactating adolescents aged 12-19 years (n 16 520). RESULTS Adherence to the PH index was about 40 %, GBD was nearly 35 % and MDG was about 37 %. The lowest adherences were for added sugars, sugar-sweetened beverages, nuts and seeds, red meats, processed meats, and legumes (<28 %). No 2006-2018 trends in total adherence were found in any index. Nevertheless, negative adherence trends were identified for poultry (β = -2·4), and saturated fats (β = -0·93), and positive for unsaturated oils (β = 1·23), in the PH. In MDG, relevant trends were found for plain water (β = 1·63) and foods rich in fats (β = -1·24). CONCLUSIONS Mexican adolescents have demonstrated poor dietary quality by these three approaches. Therefore, this population has a high-risk profile for diet-associated chronic diseases. Further research and appropriate public policies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Berenice Gaona-Pineda
- Center for Evaluation and Survey Research, National Institute
of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca,
Mexico
- Master’s and Doctoral Program in Medical, Odontological and Health
Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
City, Mexico
| | - Nancy López-Olmedo
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of
Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Center for Evaluation and Survey Research, National Institute
of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca,
Mexico
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Palomo-Piñón S, Antonio-Villa NE, García-Cortés LR, Moreno-Noguez M, Alcocer L, Álvarez-López H, Cardona-Muñoz EG, Chávez-Mendoza A, Díaz-Díaz E, Enciso-Muñoz JM, Galván-Oseguera H, Rosas-Peralta M. Patients Living with Arterial Hypertension in Mexico: First Insights of The Mexican Registry of Arterial Hypertension (RIHTA Study). Am J Hypertens 2024:hpae024. [PMID: 38466237 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial hypertension is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Mexico. However, there is limited data available to understand blood pressure management and cardiometabolic profiles. AIMS To assess the prevalence of controlled and uncontrolled blood pressure, as well as the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors among patients from the Mexican Registry of Arterial Hypertension (RIHTA). METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of participants living with arterial hypertension registered on RIHTA between December 2021 and April 2023. We used both the 2017 ACC/AHA and 2018 ESC/ESH thresholds to define controlled and uncontrolled arterial hypertension. We considered eleven cardiometabolic risk factors, which include overweight, obesity, central obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low-HDL-C, high-LDL-C, low-eGFR, and high CVD risk. RESULTS In a sample of 5,590 participants (female: 61%, n=3,393; median age: 64 [IQR: 56-72] years), the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension varied significantly, depending on the definition (2017 ACC/AHA: 59.9%, 95% CI: 58.6-61.2 and 2018 ESC/ESH: 20.1%, 95% CI: 19.0-21.2). In the sample, 40.43% exhibited at least 5-6 risk factors, and 32.4% had 3-4 risk factors, chiefly abdominal obesity (83.4%, 95% CI: 82.4-84.4), high-LDL-C (59.6%, 95% CI: 58.3-60.9), high-CVD risk (57.9%, 95% CI: 56.6-59.2), high triglycerides (56.2%, 95% CI: 54.9-57.5), and low-HDL-C (42.2%, 95% CI: 40.9-43.5). CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension interlinked with a high burden of cardiometabolic comorbidities in Mexican adults living with arterial hypertension, underscoring the urgent need for targeted interventions and better healthcare policies to reduce the burden of the disease in our country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Palomo-Piñón
- Grupo de Expertos en Hipertensión Arterial México (GREHTA), Ciudad de México, México
- Grupo Colaborativo en Hipertensión Arterial (GCHTA), Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Luis Rey García-Cortés
- Coordinación Auxiliar Médica de Investigacion en Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Estado de México, Oriente, México
| | - Moises Moreno-Noguez
- Grupo de Expertos en Hipertensión Arterial México (GREHTA), Ciudad de México, México
- Coordinación Clinica de Educación e Investigación en Salud, Unidad de Médicina Familiar 55 Zumpango, Estado de México, México
| | - Luis Alcocer
- Grupo de Expertos en Hipertensión Arterial México (GREHTA), Ciudad de México, México
- Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Humberto Álvarez-López
- Grupo de Expertos en Hipertensión Arterial México (GREHTA), Ciudad de México, México
- Hospital Puerta de Hierro Andares, Jalisco, México
| | - Ernesto G Cardona-Muñoz
- Grupo de Expertos en Hipertensión Arterial México (GREHTA), Ciudad de México, México
- Universidad de Guadalajara, (CUCS), Jalisco, México
| | - Adolfo Chávez-Mendoza
- Grupo de Expertos en Hipertensión Arterial México (GREHTA), Ciudad de México, México
- UMAE Hospital de Cardiologia Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Enrique Díaz-Díaz
- Grupo de Expertos en Hipertensión Arterial México (GREHTA), Ciudad de México, México
- UMAE Hospital de Cardiologia Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Manuel Enciso-Muñoz
- Grupo de Expertos en Hipertensión Arterial México (GREHTA), Ciudad de México, México
- Hospital General Zacatecas, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Zacatecas, Zacatecas
- Asociación Nacional de Cardiólogos de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Héctor Galván-Oseguera
- Grupo de Expertos en Hipertensión Arterial México (GREHTA), Ciudad de México, México
- UMAE Hospital de Cardiologia Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Martin Rosas-Peralta
- Grupo de Expertos en Hipertensión Arterial México (GREHTA), Ciudad de México, México
- Titular Academia Nacional de Medicina, Ciudad de México, México
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Elsisi GH, Andrade-Ortega L, Portela M, Ramírez GM. The economic burden of systemic lupus erythematosus in Mexico. J Med Econ 2024; 27:12-22. [PMID: 38468477 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2024.2322263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Our cost of illness study aimed to provide an estimate of the burden related to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the Mexican context. METHODS Our model was used to simulate the resource utilization and economic consequences over a period of 5 years for patients with SLE in Mexico. The model simulated four health states-three phenotypes of SLE, including mild, moderate, and severe states, and death. Clinical parameters were retrieved from the literature. Resource utilization in our model represents the most common practice in the Mexican healthcare system. These include disease management, transient events (e.g. infections, flares, and complications due to SLE-related organ damage), and indirect costs. Direct non-medical costs were not considered. One-way sensitivity analysis was performed. RESULTS The number of targeted Mexican SLE patients was 57,754. The numbers of SLE patients diagnosed with mild, moderate, and severe phenotypes were 8,230, 44,291, and 5,233, respectively. Disease management costs, including the treatment of each phenotype and disease follow-up, were MXN 4 billion ($ 415 million); the costs of transient events (infections, flares, and consequences of SLE-related organ damage) were MXN 5 billion ($ 478 million). Productivity loss costs among adult employed Mexican patients with SLE were estimated at MXN 17 billion ($ 1.6 billion). The total SLE cost in Mexico over 5 years from the payer and societal perspectives is estimated at MXN 9 billion ($ 893 million) and 26 billion ($ 2.5 billion), respectively. Over 5 years, the costs per patient per year from the payer and societal perspectives were MXN 32,131($ 3,095) and MXN 91,661($ 8,830), respectively. CONCLUSION The findings pointed out the substantial economic burden associated with SLE, including the costs of disease progression and SLE transient events, such as flare-ups, infections, and organ damage, in addition to productivity loss due to work capacity impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihan Hamdy Elsisi
- HTA Office, LLC, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Economics, American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Margarita Portela
- Rheumatology, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
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Clark P, Cruz-Priego GA, Rascón-Pacheco RA, Bremer A, Borja-Aburto VH. Incidence of hip fractures in Mexico 2006-2019: increasing numbers but decreasing rates. Osteoporos Int 2024:10.1007/s00198-024-07045-0. [PMID: 38459139 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-024-07045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
This study, characterizing the incidence of hip fractures in Mexico, showed not only that the crude number of fractures has increased, but also there has been a decrease in fracture rates. Nonetheless, as the population ages in the coming decades, the current declines rate of could be expected to reverse. PURPOSE This study is to examine the incidence, rates, and time trends of hip fractures from 2006 to 2019 in Mexico. Additionally, an analysis of the follow-up of the birth cohorts was carried out. METHODS Hip fractures registered during the period of the study were obtained through the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) national discharge records. The incidence per 100,000 individuals was calculated from the IMSS population at risk. A time trend analysis was conducted using linear regression, and the identification of breakpoints in linear trends. RESULTS There was an increase of hip fractures for both sexes ≥ 60 years (43% for women and 41%, for men). However, the rates diminished from 167.8/100,000 in 2006 to 138.5 /100,000 in the population 60 and over (1.9% and 0.9% per year in women and men respectively). When the information was analyzed by age groups, hip fracture rates were similar in both sexes but higher in women. The most significant contribution to the total number of fractures is due to the groups ≥ 70 years; people born before 1937 are accounting for the burden of fractures over the total data. In contrast, the younger generations appear to have lower rates. CONCLUSION Rates of hip fracture have steadily declined in Mexico since 2006; however, with the population aging in the coming decades, current rates declines could be expected to reverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Clark
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Hospital Infantil de Mexico "Federico Gomez", Mexico City, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine of National Autonomous University of Mexico (Universidad, Nacional Autónoma de México), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Griselda-Adriana Cruz-Priego
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Hospital Infantil de Mexico "Federico Gomez", Mexico City, Mexico.
- Faculty of Medicine of National Autonomous University of Mexico (Universidad, Nacional Autónoma de México), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Alhelí Bremer
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC), Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Víctor Hugo Borja-Aburto
- Teaching and Research Unit, Directorate of Medical Benefits, Mexican Institute of Social Security, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
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Lorenzana GP, Rico Y. Complete chloroplast genomes of three copal trees (Bursera: Bullockia): comparative analysis and phylogenetic relationships. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:406. [PMID: 38459415 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bursera trees are conspicuous elements of the tropical dry forests in the Neotropics that have significant cultural value due to their fragrant resins (incense), wood sources (handcrafts), and ecological benefits. Despite their relevance, genetic resources developed for the genus are scarce. METHODS AND RESULTS We obtained the complete chloroplast (Cp) genome sequence, analyzed the genome structure, and performed functional annotation of three Bursera species of the Bullockia section: Bursera cuneata, B. palmeri, and B. bipinnata. The Cp genome sizes ranged from 159,824 to 159,872 bp in length, including a large single-copy (LSC) region from 87,668 to 87,656 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) from 18,581 to 18,571 bp, and two inverted repeats regions (IRa and IRb) of 26,814 bp each. The three Cp genomes consisted of 135 genes, of which 90 were protein-coding, 37 tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs. The Cp genomes were relatively conserved, with the LSC region exhibiting the greatest nucleotide divergence (psbJ, trnQ-UCC, trnG-UCC, and petL genes), whereas few changes were observed in the IR border regions. Between 589 and 591 simple sequence repeats were identified. Analysis of phylogenetic relationships using our data for each Cp region (LSC, SSC, IRa, and IRb) and of seven species within Burseraceae confirmed that Commiphora is the sister genus of Bursera. Only the phylogenetic trees based on the SSC and LSC regions resolved the close relationship between B. bipinnata and B. palmeri. CONCLUSION Our work contributes to the development of Bursera's genomic resources for taxonomic, evolutionary, and ecological-genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yessica Rico
- Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, Instituto de Ecología, 61600, Pátzcuaro, A.C, Mexico.
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Osuna-Cabanillas JM, Marín-Enríquez E, Martínez-Falcón AP, Timi JT, Morales-Serna FN. Low similarity between parasite communities of ten sympatric carangid species. Parasitol Int 2024; 101:102885. [PMID: 38461933 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2024.102885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Host phylogeny and ecological convergence are two factors thought to influence the structure of parasite communities. The aims of this study were to determine the diversity of metazoan parasites of 10 sympatric fish species of the family Carangidae from the southeastern Gulf of California, and to analyze their similarity at infracommunity and component community levels, in order to determine if the host species, particularly those congeneric with similar ecological characteristics, exhibit similar assemblages of parasites. In total, 874 fish specimens were examined and 40 parasite species were identified. The component community was composed by 21 parasite species in Caranx caninus, 20 in C. caballus, 11 in C. vinctus, five in Chloroscombrus orqueta, four in Carangoides otrynter, seven in Hemicaranx leucurus, eight in Selene brevoortii, 14 in S. peruviana, and 11 in Trachinotus rhodopus. The metazoan parasite communities of C. vinctus, Ch. orqueta, H. leucurus, and S. brevoortii are reported here for the first time. The parasite communities of the remaining six carangid species have been reported from regions other than the Gulf of California. All fish species differed significantly regarding the diversity of their parasite infracommunities. This possibly is due to different patterns of habitat use among fish species, and because of the differential host specificity among parasite taxa. Nonetheless, when the analysis was restricted to common parasite species, some fish showed similar parasite infracommunities, particularly congeners of the genus Selene as well as C. caballus and C. vinctus. The component communities of species of Selene were highly similar (>65%), but the three species of Caranx were not. This result supports the hypothesis that congeneric fish species with similar ecological filters harbor similar parasite communities. However, the difference observed between C. caninus and C. caballus suggests that these species, despite being evolutionary and ecologically related, have different physiological or immunological characteristics (compatibility filters) that may result in different parasite communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Osuna-Cabanillas
- Posgrado en Ciencias en Recursos Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Mazatlán 82000, Mexico
| | - Emigdio Marín-Enríquez
- CONAHCYT, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Mazatlán 82000, Mexico
| | - Ana P Martínez-Falcón
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Área Académica de Biología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184, Mexico
| | - Juan T Timi
- Laboratorio de Ictioparasitología, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Francisco N Morales-Serna
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mazatlán 82040, Mexico.
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Conde-Gutiérrez RA, Colorado D, Márquez-Nolasco A, Gonzalez-Flores PB. Parallel prediction of dengue cases with different risks in Mexico using an artificial neural network model considering meteorological data. Int J Biometeorol 2024:10.1007/s00484-024-02643-3. [PMID: 38453789 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
In 2022, Mexico registered an increase in dengue cases compared to the previous year. On the other hand, the amount of precipitation reported annually was slightly less than the previous year. Similarly, the minimum-mean-maximum temperatures recorded annually were below the previous year. In the literature, it is possible to find studies focused on the spread of dengue only for some specific regions of Mexico. However, given the increase in the number of cases during 2022 in regions not considered by previously published works, this study covers cases reported in all states of the country. On the other hand, determining a relationship between the dynamics of dengue cases and climatic factors through a computational model can provide relevant information on the transmission of the virus. A multiple-learning computational approach was developed to simulate the number of the different risks of dengue cases according to the classification reported per epidemiological week by considering climatic factors in Mexico. For the development of the model, the data were obtained from the reports published in the Epidemiological Panorama of Dengue in Mexico and in the National Meteorological Service. The classification of non-severe dengue, dengue with warning signs, and severe dengue were modeled in parallel through an artificial neural network model. Five variables were considered to train the model: the monthly average of the minimum, mean, and maximum temperatures, the precipitation, and the number of the epidemiological week. The selection of variables in this work is focused on the spread of the different risks of dengue once the mosquito begins transmitting the virus. Therefore, temperature and precipitation were chosen as climatic factors due to the close relationship between the density of adult mosquitoes and the incidence of the disease. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was applied to fit the coefficients during the learning process. In the results, the ANN model simulated the classification of the different risks of dengue with the following precisions (R2): 0.9684, 0.9721, and 0.8001 for non-severe dengue, with alarm signs and severe, respectively. Applying a correlation matrix and a sensitivity analysis of the ANN model coefficients, both the average minimum temperature and precipitation were relevant to predict the number of dengue cases. Finally, the information discovered in this work can support the decision-making of the Ministry of Health to avoid a syndemic between the increase in dengue cases and other seasonal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Conde-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Energéticos y Sustentables, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Universidad Km 7.5, Col. Santa Isabel, Coatzacoalcos, CP 96535, Veracruz, México
| | - D Colorado
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Energéticos y Sustentables, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Universidad Km 7.5, Col. Santa Isabel, Coatzacoalcos, CP 96535, Veracruz, México.
| | - A Márquez-Nolasco
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Energéticos y Sustentables, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Universidad Km 7.5, Col. Santa Isabel, Coatzacoalcos, CP 96535, Veracruz, México.
| | - P B Gonzalez-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas-Centro de Investigación en Recursos Energéticos y Sustentables, Universidad Veracruzana, Campus Coatzacoalcos, Av. Universidad Km. 7.5, Col. Santa Isabel, Coatzacoalcos, CP 96538, Veracruz, México
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Wimalasena ST, Ramírez Silva CI, Gonzalez Casanova I, Rivera JA, Sun YV, Stein AD, Ferranti EP, Alvarez JA, Demmelmair H, Koletzko B, Ramakrishnan U. Maternal and Offspring Fatty Acid Desaturase Variants, Prenatal DHA Supplementation, and Dietary n-6:n-3 Fatty Acid Ratio in Relation to Cardiometabolic Health in Mexican Children. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00152-4. [PMID: 38453026 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in fatty acid desaturase (FADS) genes may modify dietary fatty acid requirements and influence cardiometabolic health (CMH). OBJECTIVES We evaluated the role of selected variants in maternal and offspring FADS genes on offspring CMH at the age of 11 y and assessed interactions of genotype with diet quality and prenatal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation. METHODS We used data from offspring (n = 203) born to females who participated in a randomized controlled trial of DHA supplementation (400 mg/d) from midgestation to delivery. We generated a metabolic syndrome (MetS) score from body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, and fasting glucose and identified 6 distinct haplotypes from 5 offspring FADS SNPs. Dietary n-6 (ω-6):n-3 fatty acid ratios were derived from 24-h recall data (n = 141). We used generalized linear models to test associations of offspring diet and FADS haplotypes with MetS score and interactions of maternal and offspring FADS SNP rs174602 with prenatal treatment group and dietary n-6:n-3 ratio on MetS score. RESULTS Associations between FADS haplotypes and MetS score were null. Offspring SNP rs174602 did not modify the association of prenatal DHA supplementation with MetS score. Among children with TT or TC genotype for SNP rs174602 (n = 88), those in the highest n-6:n-3 ratio tertile (>8.61) had higher MetS score relative to the lowest tertile [<6.67) (Δ= 0.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03, 0.69]. Among children with CC genotype (n = 53), those in the highest n-6:n-3 ratio tertile had a lower MetS score relative to the lowest tertile (Δ= -0.23; 95% CI: -0.61, 0.16). CONCLUSIONS There was evidence of an interaction of offspring FADS SNP rs174602 with current dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake, but not with prenatal DHA supplementation, on MetS score. Further studies may help to determine the utility of targeted supplementation strategies and dietary recommendations based on genetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tandon Wimalasena
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Juan A Rivera
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Aryeh D Stein
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Erin P Ferranti
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- LMU - Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Department of Pediatrics, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- LMU - Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich, Department of Pediatrics, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Salgado-Miranda C, Soriano-Ignoroza F, Soriano-Vargas E. First Report of Intestinal Cestode Infection in a Berylline Hummingbird (Saucerottia beryllina) in Mexico. Acta Parasitol 2024:10.1007/s11686-024-00827-w. [PMID: 38448645 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00827-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to now, five cestode species have been reported infecting five hummingbird species. To date, there have been no reports of cestode infections in hummingbirds in Mexico. METHODS A Berylline hummingbird (Saucerottia beryllina) was found dead in a backyard at Toluca City, Mexico, and a window collision was assumed as the cause of death. The bird was preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin for routine histological examination. RESULTS At the histological study, liver parenchymal disruption was observed. This lesion could be the result of the assume collision. No lesions were observed in other tissues examined. Conspicuous cestode structures were observed in the lumen of the small intestine. Structure of cestodes, as revealed from histological sections, suggests their position in the genus Anonchotaenia Cohn, 1900 (family Paruterinidae). CONCLUSION This is the first report of intestinal cestodosis in a Berylline hummingbird (S. beryllina) in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celene Salgado-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 50295, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Fermín Soriano-Ignoroza
- Institute for Biodiversity Research, Development and Sustainability, 50180, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Edgardo Soriano-Vargas
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 50295, Toluca, Estado de México, México.
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Noriega Muro ST, Cucina A. Periodontitis and alveolar resorption in human skeletal remains: The relationship between quantitative alveolar bone loss, occlusal wear, antemortem tooth loss, dental calculus and age at death in a low socioeconomic status, modern forensic human collection from Yucatan. Int J Paleopathol 2024; 45:7-17. [PMID: 38447473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper assesses the relationship between the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and alveolar crest and risk factors commonly associated with periodontitis. MATERIALS Eighty individuals between 28 and 92 years old with known biological sex and age were analyzed from a 20th century forensic human collection from Merida, Yucatan (Mexico). METHODS Macroscopic assessment, along with metric analysis, was employed using a probe. RESULTS Ante-mortem tooth loss was positively correlated with the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and alveolar crest, as was the presence of root calculus in females. CONCLUSIONS Cemento-enamel junction to alveolar crest distance is not a reliable indicator of periodontitis since it is not directly related to periodontitis-causing infectious pathogens, and since ante-mortem tooth loss can affect root exposure. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates that a purely quantitative approach to diagnosing periodontitis in archaeological and forensic human remains can be misleading. LIMITATIONS The skeletal collection is only representative of the low socioeconomic class of Merida, and its female cohort is underrepresented. In addition, because the Xoclan collection is modern, limitations (particularly with respect to tooth wear) of the applicability of these interpretations to older archaeological remains exist. SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH A combination of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of alveolar bone is needed to reliably diagnose periodontitis in skeletal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thamara Noriega Muro
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61A, N. 492A, Centro, Mérida, Yucatán C.P. 97000, México
| | - Andrea Cucina
- Facultad de Ciencias Antropológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 1, Carretera Mérida-Tizimín, Cholul, Mérida, Yucatán C.P. 97305, Mexico.
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Santin M, Molokin A, Orozco-Mosqueda GE, Almeria S, Maloney J. The first Cyclospora cayetanensis lineage A genome from an isolate from Mexico. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:246. [PMID: 38443790 PMCID: PMC10913667 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclospora cayetanensis is a protozoan parasite that causes intestinal illness in humans worldwide. Despite its global distribution, most genomic data for C. cayetanensis has been obtained from isolates collected in the United States, leaving genetic variability among globally distributed isolates underexplored. RESULTS In the present study, the genome of an isolate of C. cayetanensis obtained from a child with diarrhea living in Mexico was sequenced and assembled. Evaluation of the assembly using a lineage typing system recently developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention revealed that this isolate is lineage A. CONCLUSIONS Given that the only other whole genome assembly available from Mexico was classified as lineage B, the data presented here represent an important step in expanding our knowledge of the diversity of C. cayetanensis isolates from Mexico at the genomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Santin
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture, 20705, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Aleksey Molokin
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture, 20705, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Guadalupe E Orozco-Mosqueda
- Hospital Infantil de Morelia Eva Sámano de López Mateos, Servicio de Salud de Michoacán, 58020, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Sonia Almeria
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Division of Virulence Assessment, 20708, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Jenny Maloney
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture, 20705, Beltsville, MD, USA.
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Cruz-Nicolás J, Jaramillo-Correa JP, Gernandt DS. Stochastic processes and changes in evolutionary rate are associated with diversification in a lineage of tropical hard pines (Pinus). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 192:108011. [PMID: 38195010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The study of the patterns of polymorphism and molecular evolution among closely related species is key to understanding the evolutionary forces involved in the diversification of lineages. This point is a big challenge in species with slow evolutionary rates, long life cycles, and ancient, shared polymorphisms such as conifers. Under the premise of divergence in a stepwise migration process, we expect clinal geographical patterns of purifying selection efficiency, and genetic structure related to latitude or longitude. If migration is accompanied by changes in the environment, we could further expect a role of positive selection in driving species divergence. Here, we infer patterns of polymorphism, efficiency of purifying selection, and molecular evolution using a dataset of 161 nuclear genes (∼71 Kb) in a lineage of hard pines from North America, the Caribbean, Mexico, and Central America presumed to have migrated from North America toward lower latitudes with tropical conditions. Under the premise of differences in selective pressures, we also look for possible signals of positive selection. To test our hypothesis, first we estimated different indices to infer patterns of polymorphism and efficiency of purifying selection (Ka, Ks, Ka/Ks, dN, dS, dN/dS, and dxy) and compared these metrics across five clades. Also, we investigated possible clinal patterns in these indices and morphological traits (needle length and cone length). Then we inferred genetic structure and environmental differences among species to test for possible signals of positive selection using phylogenetic methods in specific clades. We found differences among clades using Ka, Ks, and Ka/Ks with a relaxation of purifying selection, especially in the Elliotti and Patula clades. We also found environmental differences related to geographic distance, and among clades suggesting differences in selective pressures. The indices Ks, dxy, and needle length had relationships with geography but not ovulate cone length. Finally, we found that most analyzed genes are under purifying selection, but there was an exception of faster evolutionary rate in some pine species, suggesting the possible action of positive selection in divergence. Our study indicated that stochastic processes have played a key role in the diversification of the group, with a possible input of positive selection in pines from Mexico and Central America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cruz-Nicolás
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México CDMX 04510, Mexico.
| | - Juan Pablo Jaramillo-Correa
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - David S Gernandt
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México CDMX 04510, Mexico.
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Rosa MJ, Armendáriz-Arnez C, Gudayol-Ferré E, Prehn M, Fuhrimann S, Eskenazi B, Lindh CH, Mora AM. Association of pesticide exposure with neurobehavioral outcomes among avocado farmworkers in Mexico. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 256:114322. [PMID: 38219443 PMCID: PMC10956701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To date, few studies have focused on the health effects of pesticide exposure among avocado farmworkers. We examined the association of exposure to insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides with cognitive and mental health outcomes among these avocado workers from Michoacan, Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 105 avocado farmworkers between May and August 2021. We collected data on self-reported pesticide use during the 12 months prior to the baseline survey and estimated annual exposure-intensity scores (EIS) using a semi-quantitative exposure algorithm. We calculated specific gravity adjusted average concentrations of 12 insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide metabolites measured in urine samples collected during two study visits (8-10 weeks apart). We assessed participants' cognitive function and psychological distress using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery and the Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18), respectively. We examined individual associations of EIS and urinary pesticide metabolites with neurobehavioral outcomes using generalized linear regression models. We also implemented Bayesian Weighted Quantile Sum (BWQS) regression to evaluate the association between a pesticide metabolite mixture and neurobehavioral outcomes. RESULTS In individual models, after adjusting for multiple comparisons, higher concentrations of hydroxy-tebuconazole (OH-TEB, metabolite of fungicide tebuconazole) were associated with higher anxiety (IRR per two-fold increase in concentrations = 1.26, 95% CI:1.08, 1.48) and Global Severity Index (GSI) (IRR = 1.89, 95% CI:1.36, 2.75) scores, whereas higher concentrations of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy, metabolite of chlorpyrifos) were associated with lower GSI scores (IRR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.85). In BWQS analyses, we found evidence of a mixture association of urinary pesticide metabolites with higher anxiety (IRR = 1.72, 95% CrI: 1.12, 2.55), depression (IRR = 4.60, 95% CrI: 2.19, 9.43), and GSI (IRR = 1.99, 95% CrI: 1.39, 2.79) scores. OH-TEB and hydroxy-thiabendazole (metabolite of fungicide thiabendazole) combined contributed 54%, 40%, and 54% to the mixture effect in the anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and overall psychological distress models, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found that exposure to tebuconazole and thiabendazole, fungicides whose effects have been rarely studied in humans, may be associated with increased psychological distress among avocado farmworkers. We also observed that exposure to chlorpyrifos may be associated with decreased psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Rosa
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Cynthia Armendáriz-Arnez
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
| | - Esteve Gudayol-Ferré
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Manuela Prehn
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
| | - Samuel Fuhrimann
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana M Mora
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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Rivera JA, Colchero MA, Pérez-Ferrer C, Barquera S. Perspective: Mexico's Experience in Building a Toolkit for Obesity and Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100180. [PMID: 38246349 PMCID: PMC10877686 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with a higher risk of death in low- and middle-income countries. Diet and excess weight are risk factors for NCDs. In Mexico, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased dramatically in the last 30 y and is among the highest in the world. To address this public health problem, governments and public health professionals have several policy instruments available. In this study, we present the policy instruments currently approved in Mexico, which include fiscal, informational, and authoritative tools that aim to improve the food environment and promote healthy behaviors (taxes, school food guidelines, front-of-pack labeling, marketing regulations, and dietary guidelines). These types of interventions are important in regions like Latin America, where social inequities and poor access to information are common, and individual healthy choices are often limited. These interventions target the environments in which individuals live, study, work, and seek entertainment, while limiting access to unhealthy choices and offering information to promote healthy alternatives. The Mexican experience in design, implementation, and evaluation of policies to improve the food environment can be useful for other low- and middle-income countries facing similar challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Rivera
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Mónica Arantxa Colchero
- Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Carolina Pérez-Ferrer
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Simón Barquera
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Valdivia-Tangarife ER, Morlett-Paredes A, Villaseñor-Cabrera T, Mireles-Ramírez MA, Cortés-Enríquez F, Macías-Islas MÁ. Validation of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) in individuals with multiple sclerosis from Mexico. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 83:105451. [PMID: 38245997 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is observed in 43-70 % of Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. One of the most widely used batteries for cognitive assessment in this population is the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS). The objective of this study was to validate and assess the reliability of the BICAMS in a Mexican population with MS and to obtain and provide regression-based norms. METHODS One hundred healthy controls (HCs) and 100 patients with multiple sclerosis participated in the present study, and groups were matched for age, years of education and sex. Subjects completed all three tests of the BICAMS. Test-retest measures were obtained from 30 patients to test reliability. RESULTS The sample´s average age was 43.39 ± 6.03 years old, and the average years of education was 12.55 ± 2.52 years. Approximately 63 % of the participants were female. The groups did not differ in age, years of education, or sex. The MS group performed significantly worse than the HCs group on all three neuropsychological tests. A significant difference was observed for the SDMT (t = 10.166; p=<0.001), CVLT-II (t = 10.949; p=<0.001), and BVMT-R (t = 2.636; p = 0.009). For all comparisons, the effect size (d) for each test was calculated as follows: SDMT= 0.58 and CVLT-II= 0.61. The test-retest coefficients for each test were as follows: SDMT: r = 0.95; CVLT-II: r = 0.84; and BVMT-R = 0.81. CONCLUSION The BICAMS can provide information on cognitive impairment in MS patients, and this information can be used by neuropsychologists for cognitive rehabilitation in different domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar R Valdivia-Tangarife
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | - Teresita Villaseñor-Cabrera
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, México; O.P.D Hospital Civil Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, México
| | - Mario A Mireles-Ramírez
- Departamento de Neurología, Unidad de Alta Especialidad Médica, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Fernando Cortés-Enríquez
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital General, No 14 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Miguel Ángel Macías-Islas
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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Tellez-Arellano CA, Kuschick-Fehér J, Romero-Gonzalez FG, Fleury A. Neurocysticercosis: The duration of its preclinical phase relies on the parasite location. Trop Med Int Health 2024; 29:226-232. [PMID: 38200673 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neurocysticercosis (NC) is a heterogeneous disease particularly in terms of response to treatment and prognosis. Parasite localization is one of the main factors involved in this heterogeneity. In this study we aim to determine whether differences in the duration of the preclinical phase associated with parasite location, could contribute to said heterogeneity. METHODS Ninety-nine patients were included, 24 with parasites in the parenchyma (PAR), 56 in the subarachnoid (SA) space and 19 in the ventricular system (IV). A questionnaire designed to assess exposure to classic NC risk factors 5, 10, 15, 20 and more than 20 years prior to diagnosis was applied. The results were compared between the three groups. Also, asymptomatic relatives of patients who had shared their living conditions in childhood or more recently were included and underwent brain scan and blood testing for specific antibodies. RESULTS Over the course of their lives, exposure to risk factors decreased significantly for all patients, although the decrease was more evident in patients with parasites in the SA space (p < 0.001) compared to patients with PAR (p = 0.011) or IV cysts (p = 0.020). Five years prior to diagnosis, exposure to risk factors was significantly higher in patients with PAR or IV NC than in patients with SA NC (p = 0.04). Furthermore, individuals in close contact with PAR or IV patients in the years preceding diagnosis were more likely to have asymptomatic NC, specific antibodies in sera, particularly IgM, compared to individuals in close contact with SA patients during the same period. CONCLUSIONS All these findings are highly suggestive of the possibility of a more recent infection of patients affected by parenchymal and ventricular NC than of patients with subarachnoid NC. Consequently, subarachnoid disease could be considered a chronic disease, which, probably contributes to the severity of the disease as well as the minimal response to medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Kuschick-Fehér
- Clínica de neurocisticercosis, Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suarez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Neurología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Franco Gabriel Romero-Gonzalez
- Clínica de neurocisticercosis, Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suarez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- University of Bern, ISPM, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Agnès Fleury
- Clínica de neurocisticercosis, Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suarez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Unidad de Neuro Inflamación, Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología ambiental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez (INNN-MVS), México City, Mexico
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Silverio-Murillo A, Hoehn-Velasco L, Balmori de la Miyar JR, Méndez Méndez JS. The (temporary) Covid-19 baby bust in Mexico. Popul Stud (Camb) 2024; 78:113-126. [PMID: 36728210 DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2023.2168298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate whether fertility and newborn health changed during the Covid-19 pandemic in Mexico. We use national administrative data and an event-study design to examine the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on fertility and newborn health characteristics. Our findings suggest that Mexico's fertility declined temporarily as measured by conceptions that likely occurred during the stay-at-home order. Initially, the general fertility rate fell by 11-12 per cent but quickly rebounded and returned close to its original levels by the end of 2021. Newborn health also deteriorated during the pandemic. Instances of low birthweight and prematurity substantially increased, with both remaining elevated over the entire pandemic period.
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García-López R, Taboada B, Zárate S, Muñoz-Medina JE, Salas-Lais AG, Herrera-Estrella A, Boukadida C, Vazquez-Perez JA, Gómez-Gil B, Sanchez-Flores A, Arias CF. Exploration of low-frequency allelic variants of SARS-CoV-2 genomes reveals coinfections in Mexico occurred during periods of VOCs turnover. Microb Genom 2024; 10:001220. [PMID: 38512312 PMCID: PMC11004493 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A total of 14 973 alleles in 29 661 sequenced samples collected between March 2021 and January 2023 by the Mexican Consortium for Genomic Surveillance (CoViGen-Mex) and collaborators were used to construct a thorough map of mutations of the Mexican SARS-CoV-2 genomic landscape containing Intra-Patient Minor Allelic Variants (IPMAVs), which are low-frequency alleles not ordinarily present in a genomic consensus sequence. This additional information proved critical in identifying putative coinfecting variants included alongside the most common variants, B.1.1.222, B.1.1.519, and variants of concern (VOCs) Alpha, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. A total of 379 coinfection events were recorded in the dataset (a rate of 1.28 %), resulting in the first such catalogue in Mexico. The most common putative coinfections occurred during the spread of Delta or after the introduction of Omicron BA.2 and its descendants. Coinfections occurred constantly during periods of variant turnover when more than one variant shared the same niche and high infection rate was observed, which was dependent on the local variants and time. Coinfections might occur at a higher frequency than customarily reported, but they are often ignored as only the consensus sequence is reported for lineage identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo García-López
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Blanca Taboada
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Selene Zárate
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Esteban Muñoz-Medina
- Coordinación de Calidad de Insumos y Laboratorios Especializados, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angel Gustavo Salas-Lais
- Coordinación de Calidad de Insumos y Laboratorios Especializados, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Herrera-Estrella
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad-Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Celia Boukadida
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joel Armando Vazquez-Perez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Enfermedades Emergentes y EPOC, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bruno Gómez-Gil
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo AC, Unidad Mazatlán, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sanchez-Flores
- Unidad Universitaria de Secuenciación Masiva y Bioinformática, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Carlos F. Arias
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Núñez I, Amuchastegui A, Vásquez-Salinas A, Díaz S, Caro-Vega Y. Challenges to the HIV Care Continuum During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico: A Mixed Methods Study. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:886-897. [PMID: 37789236 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04195-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been reported to disrupt the access to care of people who live with HIV (PWH). The impact of the pandemic on the longitudinal HIV care continuum, however, has not been properly evaluated. We performed a mixed-methods study using data from the Mexican System of Distribution, Logistics, and ART Surveillance on PWH that are cared for in the state of Oaxaca. We evaluated the number of HIV diagnoses performed in the state before and during the pandemic with an interrupted time series. We used the longitudinal HIV care continuum framework to describe the stages of HIV care before and during the pandemic. Finally, we performed a qualitative analysis to determine which were the challenges faced by staff and users regarding HIV care during the pandemic. New HIV diagnoses were lower during the first year of the pandemic compared with the year immediately before. Among 2682 PWH with enough information to determine their status of care, 728 started receiving care during the COVID-19 pandemic and 1954 before the pandemic. PWH engaged before the pandemic spent 42825 months (58.2% of follow-up) in optimal HIV control compared with 3061 months (56.1% of follow-up) for those engaged in care during the pandemic. Staff and users reported decreases in the frequency of appointments, prioritisation of unhealthy users, larger disbursements of ART medication, and novel communication strategies with PWH. Despite challenges due to government cutbacks, changes implemented by staff helped maintain HIV care due to higher flexibility in ART delivery and individualised attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Núñez
- Departamento de Educación Médica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- División de Estudios de Postgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Amuchastegui
- Departamento de Educación y Comunicación, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Vásquez-Salinas
- Centro Ambulatorio Para la Prevención y Atención del Sida E Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (CAPASITS Oaxaca), Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Yanink Caro-Vega
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga # 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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