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Gao L, Du B, Ma Q, Ma Y, Yu W, Li T, Liu Y, Yuan G. Multiplex-PCR method application to identify duck blood and its adulterated varieties. Food Chem 2024; 444:138673. [PMID: 38330615 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This study applied and validated the Multiplex-PCR method to identify the authenticity of duck blood and four common adulterated animal blood varieties. To this end, the genomic DNAs of duck blood and its counterfeit products were extracted using an efficient high-throughput extraction method. Specific primers were designed using the cytochrome b gene. The reaction system and conditions of a multiplex (namely, Five-plex) PCR were optimized, and the proposed methodology was verified, proving its good specificity, repeatability, and sensitivity. The Five-plex PCR system detected nine duck blood samples sold in the local market, revealing the adulteration of duck blood products. The Multiplex-PCR system can accurately and quickly detect adulterated animal blood in duck blood products, effectively finding counterfeits and identifying the authenticity of genuine duck blood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Gao
- School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Bingyang Du
- Central Hospital of Jilin, Jilin 132011, China
| | - Qiuhe Ma
- School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Yuhe Ma
- School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Wenying Yu
- School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Guangxin Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China.
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Yang S, Yang S, Li Q, Lu Y, Huang X, Chen C, Xu C, Xie H. Pectate lyase genes from Radopholus similis and their application in pathotype identification. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:298. [PMID: 38607493 PMCID: PMC11009743 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Radopholus similis is a destructive, migratory, and endophytoparasitic nematode. It has two morphologically indistinguishable pathotypes (or physiological races): banana and citrus pathotypes. At present, the only reliable method to differentiate the two pathotypes is testing the infestation and parasitism of nematodes on Citrus spp. via inoculation. However, differences in inoculation methods and conditions adopted by different researchers complicate obtaining consistent results. In this study, the parasitism and pathogenicity of 10 R. similis populations on rough lemon (Citrus limon) seedlings and the tropism and invasion of rough lemon roots were tested. It revealed that populations SWK, GJ, FZ, GZ, DBSR, and YJ were citrus pathotypes, which showed parasitism and pathogenicity on rough lemon and could invade rough lemon roots, whereas populations XIN, ML, HN6, and HL were banana pathotypes, having no parasitism and pathogenicity on rough lemon and they did not invade the rough lemon roots. Four pectate lyase genes (Rs-pel-2, Rs-pel-3, Rs-pel-4, and Rs-pel-5) belonging to the Class III family from these populations were amplified and analysed. The gene Rs-pel-3 could be amplified from six citrus pathotype populations and was stably expressed in the four developmental stages of the nematode, whereas it could not be amplified from the four banana pathotypes. Rs-pel-3 expression may be related to the parasitism and pathogenicity of R. similis on rough lemon. Hence, it can be used as a molecular marker to distinguish between banana and citrus pathotypes and as a target gene for the molecular identification of these two pathotypes. KEY POINTS: • Four pectate lyase genes (Rs-pels) from Radopholus similis were cloned and analysed. • The expression of Rs-pels is different in two pathotypes of Radopholus similis. • A molecular identification method for two pathotypes of Radopholus similis using pectate lyase gene Rs-pel-3 as the target gene was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihua Yang
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology and Research Center of Nematodes of Plant Quarantine, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology and Research Center of Nematodes of Plant Quarantine, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianying Li
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology and Research Center of Nematodes of Plant Quarantine, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lu
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology and Research Center of Nematodes of Plant Quarantine, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology and Research Center of Nematodes of Plant Quarantine, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Chen
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology and Research Center of Nematodes of Plant Quarantine, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Xu
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology and Research Center of Nematodes of Plant Quarantine, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xie
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology and Research Center of Nematodes of Plant Quarantine, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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Dumidae A, Subkrasae C, Ardpairin J, Pansri S, Homkaew C, Gordon CN, Mangkit B, Thanwisai A, Vitta A. Assessment of the genetic diversity of lymnaeid (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) snails and their infection status with trematode cercariae in different regions of Thailand. Infect Genet Evol 2024; 119:105576. [PMID: 38408586 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Lymnaeid snails are some of the most widespread snails and are the first intermediate host of trematode parasites that affect human and livestock health. A full understanding of the genetic relationship of hosts and parasites is of paramount importance for effective parasite management. The present study assessed the prevalence of trematode larvae in lymnaeid snails and examined the genetic diversity of these snails collected across Thailand. We collected 672 lymnaeid snails from 39 locations in 22 provinces of six regions in Thailand. Subsequently, cercarial infection in the snails was observed by using the shedding method. Lymnaeid snails released 5 types of trematode cercariae, namely, xiphidiocercariae, echinostome cercariae I, echinostome cercariae II, furcocercous cercariae, and strigea cercariae. The phylogenetic analysis based on ITS2 and 28S rDNA sequences revealed 5 cercaria types assigned to four trematode families, of which two belong to the group of human intestinal flukes. Combination of shell morphology and sequence analysis of the mitochondrial COI and 16S rDNA genes, the lymnaeid snails were classified into two species, Radix rubiginosa and Orientogalba viridis. Moreover, the combined dataset of mtDNA genes (COI + 16S rDNA) from R. rubiginosa and O. viridis revealed 32 and 15 different haplotypes, respectively, of which only a few haplotypes were infected with cercariae. The genetic diversity and genetic structure revealed that R. rubiginosa and O. viridis experienced a bottleneck phenomenon, and showed limited gene flow between populations. Population demographic history analyses revealed that R. rubiginosa and O. viridis experienced population reductions followed by recent population expansion. These findings may improve our understanding of parasite-lymnaeid evolutionary relationships, as well as the underlying molecular genetic basis, which is information that can be used for further effective control of the spread of trematode disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakam Dumidae
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Chanakan Subkrasae
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Jiranun Ardpairin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Supawan Pansri
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Chanatinat Homkaew
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Chadaporn Nuchjangreed Gordon
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi Province 20131, Thailand
| | - Bandid Mangkit
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10900
| | - Aunchalee Thanwisai
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology (CEMB), Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Apichat Vitta
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology (CEMB), Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
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Mrak T, Grebenc T, Friedrich S, Münzenberger B. Description, identification, and growth of Tuber borchii Vittad. mycorrhized Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings on different lime contents. Mycorrhiza 2024; 34:85-94. [PMID: 38236414 PMCID: PMC10998771 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Tuber borchii forms ectomycorrhiza with oaks, hazel, and pines, including Pinus sylvestris. However, its ectomycorrhiza morphotype with P. sylvestris was not comprehensively described so far, and molecular analyses are missing despite a high danger of misidentification of T. borchii ectomycorrhiza with other closely related and less valuable truffle species. We described for the first time the morphology and anatomy of T. borchii-P. sylvestris ectomycorrhiza using differential interference contrast technique and semi-thin sections in combination with molecular confirmation of identity. Color of ectomycorrhiza is reddish to dark brown, and morphotypes are unevenly but densely covered by warts-bearing pin-like cystidia. All layers of the hyphal mantle are pseudoparenchymatous with outer mantle layer formed of epidermoid cells. T. borchii ectomycorrhiza was identified by a molecular comparison with fruitbodies used for inoculation and its respective ectomycorrhizae. T. borchii has a wide ecological amplitude. To get a better insight in mycorrhization requirements, we investigated growth of P. sylvestris and its ectomycorrhiza infection rate with T. borchii in substrate with different lime content. The mycorrhization of P. sylvestris with T. borchii in the mycorrhization substrate and cultivation in greenhouse conditions was successful, with colonization of P. sylvestris varying between 36.5 and 48.1%. There was no significant correlation of mycorrhization to applied lime contents, and consequently to pH in substrate, while the increased levels of lime improved growth of the P. sylvestris seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Mrak
- Department of Forest Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tine Grebenc
- Department of Forest Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Silke Friedrich
- Truffle Nursery, Schneckleinsberg 5, 91788, Pappenheim, Germany
| | - Babette Münzenberger
- Department of Fungal Interactions, Research Area 1 'Landscape Functioning', Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Strasse 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
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Li N, Hou B, Tian W, Li S, Buyin B, Hai Y, Hasi S. Identification of freshwater snail species and survey of their trematode infections in Ordos, China. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2024; 23:100896. [PMID: 38179237 PMCID: PMC10765299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.100896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In order to investigate and study the species and distribution of freshwater snails in Ordos area of Inner Mongolia, as well as the trematode infection in different periods, and to provide a scientific basis for the effective prevention and control of livestock trematodiasis. In this paper, freshwater snails distributed in Ordos were widely collected for morphological identification, and PCR amplification of freshwater snails COI gene and ITS2 gene was carried out with the help of molecular biology. At the same time, microscopic examination was used to observe the trematode infection of freshwater snails in two different periods from May to July and July to September, and the molecular biology of the trematodes was identified. The results showed that the 1796 freshwater snails collected belonged to two orders, three families and four genera, i.e. Bellamya, Radix, Galba, and Gyraulus. Microscopic examination of snails showed that the infection rate of trematode larvae from July to September was significantly higher than that from May to July. The collected trematodes were identified as five species, namely Cotylurus marcogliesei, Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica, Paramphistomum cervi, and Parastrigea robusta. The combination of freshwater snail species in Ordos and the infection of trematode in snails showed that a large number of freshwater snails were infected with trematodes, especially from July to September, when there is more rain and suitable climate, which causes serious harm to local livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wurilige Tian
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Siyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Buhe Buyin
- Wushen Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Ordos, China
| | - Ying Hai
- Wushen Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Ordos, China
| | - Surong Hasi
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Arulvendhan V, Saravana Bhavan P, Rajaganesh R. Molecular Identification and Phytochemical Analysis and Bioactivity Assessment of Catharanthus roseus Leaf Extract: Exploring Antioxidant Potential and Antimicrobial Activities. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04902-w. [PMID: 38526661 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Plants have long been at the main focus of the medical industry's attention due to their extensive list of biological and therapeutic properties and ethnobotanical applications. Catharanthus roseus, sometimes referred to as Nithyakalyani in Tamil, is an Apocynaceae family member used in traditional Indian medicine. It also examines the plant's potential antimicrobial and antioxidant activities as well as its preliminary phytochemical makeup. Leaf material from C. roseus was analyzed and found to include a variety of phytochemicals including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, glycosides, quinones, and steroids. Four of the seven secondary metabolic products discovered in C. roseus leaves showed bioactive principles: 3-methylmannoside, squalene, pentatriacontane, and 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-5a-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-cyclohexene. Catharanthus roseus is rich in the anticancer compounds vinblastine and vincristine. Whole DNA was isolated from fresh leaves, then amplified, sequenced, and aligned to find prospective DNA barcode candidates. One DNA marker revealed the restricted genetic relationship among C. roseus based on genetic distance and phylogenetic analysis. The antioxidant activity of the plant extract was evaluated using the DPPH, ABTS, phosphomolybdenum, FRAP, and superoxide radical scavenging activity assays, while the antibacterial potential was evaluated using the agar well diffusion assay. The ethanol extract of C. roseus was found to have the highest reducing power. In addition, a 4- to 21-mm-wide zone of inhibition was seen when the C. roseus extract was tested against bacterial and fungal stains. In conclusion, C. roseus has the most promise as an antibacterial and antioxidant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velusamy Arulvendhan
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Periyakali Saravana Bhavan
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Rajapandian Rajaganesh
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Alijani Mamaghani N, Masiello M, Somma S, Moretti A, Saremi H, Haidukowski M, Altomare C. Endophytic Alternaria and Fusarium species associated to potato plants ( Solanum tuberosum L.) in Iran and their capability to produce regulated and emerging mycotoxins. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26385. [PMID: 38434378 PMCID: PMC10907534 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi live inside virtually every plant species, without causing any apparent disease or damage to the host. Nevertheless, under particular conditions, mutualistic lifestyle of endophytes may change to pathogenic. In this study, the biodiversity of Alternaria and Fusarium species, the two most abundant endophytic fungi isolated from healthy potato plants in two climatically different regions of Iran, Ardebil in the north-west and Kerman in the south-east, was investigated. Seventy-five Fusarium strains and 83 Alternaria strains were molecularly characterized by multi-locus gene sequencing. Alternaria strains were characterized by the sequences of gpd and caM gene fragments and the phylogenetic tree was resolved in 3 well-separated clades. Seventy-three strains were included in the clade A, referred as Alternaria section, 6 strains were included in clade B, referred as Ulocladioides section, and 4 strains were included in clade C, referred as Infectoriae section. Fusarium strains, identified by sequencing the translation elongation factor 1α (tef1), β-tubulin (tub2) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genomic regions, were assigned to 13 species, viz. F. brachygibosum, F. clavum, F. equiseti, F. flocciferum, F. incarnatum, F. nirenbergiae, F. nygamai, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. redolens, F. sambucinum, F. solani and F. thapsinum. Twenty-six selected strains, representative of F. equiseti, F. nirenbergiae, F. oxysporum, F. nygamai, F. proliferatum, and F. sambucinum, were also tested for production of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), T-2 toxin (T-2), beauvericin (BEA), enniatins (ENNs), fumonisins (FBs), fusaric acid (FA) and moniliformin (MON). None of the tested strains produced trichothecene toxins (DON, NIV, DAS and T-2). Two out of 2 F. equiseti isolates, 1/6 F. oxysporum, 1/3 F. proliferatum, and 1/9 F. nygamai did not produce any of the tested toxins; the rest of strains produced one or more BEA, ENNs, FBs, FA and MON toxins. The most toxigenic strain, F. nygamai ITEM-19012, produced the highest quantities of FBs (7946, 4693 and 4333 μg/g of B1, B2, and B3 respectively), along with the highest quantities of both BEA (4190 μg/g) and MON (538 μg/g). These findings suggest that contamination of potato tubers with mycotoxins in the field or at post-harvest, due to a change in lifestyle of endophytic microflora, should be carefully considered and furtherly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Alijani Mamaghani
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 77871-31587, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mario Masiello
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Somma
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Hossein Saremi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 77871-31587, Karaj, Iran
| | - Miriam Haidukowski
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudio Altomare
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 70126, Bari, Italy
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Komatsu K. Comprehensive study on genetic and chemical diversity of Asian medicinal plants, aimed at sustainable use and standardization of traditional crude drugs. J Nat Med 2024; 78:267-284. [PMID: 38133706 PMCID: PMC10902101 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01770-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Our representative studies to achieve sustainable use of crude drugs and ensure their stable quality are introduced: comprehensive studies on genetic, chemical, and sometimes pharmacological diversity of Asian medicinal plants including Paeonia lactiflora, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Ephedra spp., Saposhnikovia divaricata, and Curcuma spp., as well as their related crude drugs. (1) For peony root, after genetic and chemical diversity analysis of crude drug samples including white and red peony root in China, the value-added resources with quality similar to red peony root were explored among 61 horticultural P. lactiflora varieties, and two varieties were identified. In addition, an optimized post-harvest processing method, which resulted in high contents of the main active components in the produced root, was developed to promote cultivation and production of brand peony root. (2) Alternative resources of glycyrrhiza, ephedra herb and saposhnikovia root and rhizome of Japanese Pharmacopoeia grade were discovered in eastern Mongolia after field investigation and quality assessment comparing Mongolian plants with Chinese crude drugs. Simultaneously, suitable specimens and prospective regions for cultivation were proposed. (3) Because of the wide distribution and morphological similarities of Curcuma species, classification of some species is debated, which leads to confusion in the use of Curcuma crude drugs. Molecular analyses of the intron length polymorphism (ILP) markers in genes encoding diketide-CoA synthase (DCS) and curcumin synthase (CURS) and trnK sequences, combined with essential oils analysis, were demonstrated as useful for standardization of Curcuma crude drugs. The above studies, representing various facets, can be applied to other crude drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuko Komatsu
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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Jimbo-Zapata A, Sevillano G, Rodríguez P, Ramírez-Iglesias JR, Navarro JC. First report of fatal fungemia due Fusarium oxysporum in a patient with COVID-19 in Ecuador. Med Mycol Case Rep 2024; 43:100622. [PMID: 38225951 PMCID: PMC10788292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2023.100622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungal infections are an important cause of systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. Fusarium genus members potentially cause disseminated infections, especially in patients with catheters, due to the ability to adhere to these devices. We describe a case of fatal fungemia due to Fusarium oxysporum in a patient with COVID-19 in Ecuador. The genus identification was carried out with conventional techniques and species identification by molecular and phylogenetic techniques through sequencing of the ITS region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jimbo-Zapata
- Universidad Internacional SEK, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Emergentes, Desatendidas, Ecoepidemiología y Biodiversidad, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad Internacional SEK, Maestría en Biomedicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Quito, Ecuador
- Área de Micología y Tuberculosis, Unidad Técnica de Patología Clínica, Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Sevillano
- Universidad Internacional SEK, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Emergentes, Desatendidas, Ecoepidemiología y Biodiversidad, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad Internacional SEK, Maestría en Biomedicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Quito, Ecuador
- Unidad de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Zurita & Zurita Laboratorios, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pilar Rodríguez
- Área de Micología y Tuberculosis, Unidad Técnica de Patología Clínica, Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, Quito, Ecuador
| | - José Rubén Ramírez-Iglesias
- Universidad Internacional SEK, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Emergentes, Desatendidas, Ecoepidemiología y Biodiversidad, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan-Carlos Navarro
- Universidad Internacional SEK, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Emergentes, Desatendidas, Ecoepidemiología y Biodiversidad, Quito, Ecuador
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Freitas VAQ, Santos AS, Zara ALSA, da Costa RA, Barreto CC, Soares RDBA, Godoy CSDM, Silva MDRR. Lodderomyces elongisporus as causative organism of oropharyngeal infections - Two case reports. J Mycol Med 2024; 34:101459. [PMID: 38181627 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2023.101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
We report two cases of patients with oropharyngeal infection by Lodderomyces elongisporus. The identification of the two isolates was confirmed after sequencing the ITS1 and ITS4 regions. The antifungal susceptibility test revealed low MIC values for the different antifungals tested. This is the first reported case of L. elongisporus present during an oropharyngeal infection and describes the laboratory methodology employed in the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andressa Santana Santos
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, CEP 74605-050, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Sene Amâncio Zara
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, CEP 74605-050, Goiás, Brazil
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11
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Sarlin PJ, Morris S, Geethambika SB, Gopi L, Muraleedharan M, Thomas JA, Savitha G, Joseph P. Halocercus lagenorhynchi infection in a stranded striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen, 1833) on the Southwest coastline of India. J Parasit Dis 2024; 48:168-179. [PMID: 38440750 PMCID: PMC10908710 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-024-01646-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Necropsy on a striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba (Meyen, 1833) entangled in ghost fishing net and dead while rescuing yielded some helminth parasites, later identified as Halocercus lagenorhynchi. DNA barcoding of the host and parasite and the phylogenetic analysis of the parasite was conducted. This study provides valuable information towards establishing basal data of marine mammal parasite diversity and distribution in the Indian waters. We believe this is the first report of the occurrence of Halocercus lagenorhynchi in marine mammals in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathissery John Sarlin
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Fatima Mata National College (Autonomous), University of Kerala, Kollam, India
| | - Sancia Morris
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, IOC Bhuvneshwar Odisha, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Lijin Gopi
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Megha Muraleedharan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Fatima Mata National College (Autonomous), University of Kerala, Kollam, India
| | - Jeniffer Ann Thomas
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Fatima Mata National College (Autonomous), University of Kerala, Kollam, India
| | - Gayathry Savitha
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Fatima Mata National College (Autonomous), University of Kerala, Kollam, India
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Rodpai R, Sanpool O, Sadaow L, Boonroumkaew P, Intapan PM, Maleewong W, Yingklang M, Janwan P, Vaisusuk K, Chatan W, Piratae S, Thanchomnang T. Molecular identification and genetic diversity of zoonotic hookworm infections in domestic dogs from northeastern, Thailand. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:115. [PMID: 38285129 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Hookworm infections remain a significant public health concern in tropical and subtropical regions, including Thailand. This study investigated the species and genetic diversity of hookworm infections in domestic dogs from northeastern Thailand. The molecular analysis focused on amplifying and sequencing specific regions of ribosomal RNA genes (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene in hookworm larvae recovered from 21 domestic dog stool samples. Among 21 larvae (one larva per infected dog) analyzed, 14 had sequences identical to Ancylostoma caninum, and 7 showed sequences almost identical to Ancylostoma ceylanicum. Phylogenetic analysis of cox1 sequences placed A. caninum and A. ceylanicum in separate clades. The median-joining network of A. caninum cox1 sequences from Thailand showed high haplotype diversity and belonged to the same cluster as sequences from Australia while forming separate clusters from those of A. caninum samples from the USA. The available published A. ceylanicum cox1 sequences (n = 33), in combination with seven sequences in the present study, represented 15 haplotypes distributed among three clusters. Interestingly, A. ceylanicum sequences from dogs and humans shared the same haplotypes. These findings are crucial for recognizing the potential for zoonotic transmission, highlighting the necessity for targeted control measures, and increasing awareness among pet owners and healthcare professionals to mitigate the risk of hookworm transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutchanee Rodpai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Oranuch Sanpool
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Lakkhana Sadaow
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Patcharaporn Boonroumkaew
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Pewpan M Intapan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Penchom Janwan
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Kotchaphon Vaisusuk
- Department of Veterinary Technology and Veterinary Nursing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | - Wasupon Chatan
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Piratae
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44000, Thailand
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Li C, Wang B, Ji Y, Huang L, Wang X, Zhao W, Wang Y, Wang H, Yao Y. Mitochondrial genome provides species-specific targets for the rapid detection of early invasive populations of Hylurgus ligniperda in China. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:90. [PMID: 38254044 PMCID: PMC10804472 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hylurgus ligniperda, a major international forestry quarantine pest, was recently found to have invaded and posed a serious threat to the Pinus forests of the Jiaodong Peninsula in China. Continuous monitoring and vigilance of the early population is imperative, and rapid molecular detection technology is urgently needed. We focused on developing a single-gene-based species-specific PCR (SS-PCR) method. RESULTS We sequenced and assembled the mitochondrial genome of H. ligniperda to identify suitable target genes. We identified three closely related species for detecting the specificity of SS-PCR through phylogenetic analysis based on 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs). Subsequently, we analyzed the evolution of 13 PCGs and selected four mitochondrial genes to represent slow-evolving gene (COI) and faster-evolving genes (e.g. ND2, ND4, and ND5), respectively. We developed four species-specific primers targeting COI, ND2, ND4, and ND5 to rapidly identify H. ligniperda. The results showed that the four species-specific primers exhibited excellent specificity and sensitivity in the PCR assays, with consistent performance across a broader range of species. This method demonstrates the ability to identify beetles promptly, even during their larval stage. The entire detection process can be completed within 2-3 h. CONCLUSIONS This method is suitable for large-scale species detection in laboratory settings. Moreover, the selection of target genes in the SS-PCR method is not affected by the evolutionary rate. SS-PCR can be widely implemented at port and forestry workstations, significantly enhancing early management strategies and quarantine measures against H. ligniperda. This approach will help prevent the spread of the pest and effectively preserve the resources of Chinese pine forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Buxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yingchao Ji
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Wenxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Yantai Service Center of Forest Resources Monitoring and Protection, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Shandong City Service Institute, Yantai, 264670, China
| | - Yanxia Yao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
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14
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Wang S, Suluku R, Jalloh MB, Samba AF, Jiang B, Xie Y, Harding D, Zhang M, Sahr F, Sesay ME, Squire JS, Vandi MA, Kallon MN, Zhang S, Hu R, Zhao Y, Mi Z. Molecular characterization of an outbreak-involved Bacillus anthracis strain confirms the spillover of anthrax from West Africa. Infect Dis Poverty 2024; 13:6. [PMID: 38221635 PMCID: PMC10788998 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-023-01172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthrax, a zoonotic disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis, remains a major global public health concern, especially in countries with limited resources. Sierra Leone, a West African country historically plagued by anthrax, has almost been out of report on this disease in recent decades. In this study, we described a large-scale anthrax outbreak affecting both animals and humans and attempted to characterize the pathogen using molecular techniques. METHODS The causative agent of the animal outbreak in Port Loko District, Sierra Leone, between March and May 2022 was identified using the nanopore sequencing technique. A nationwide active surveillance was implemented from May 2022 to June 2023 to monitor the occurrence of anthrax-specific symptoms in humans. Suspected cases were subsequently verified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Full-genome sequencing was accomplished by combining long-read and short-read sequencing methods. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the full-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms. RESULTS The outbreak in Port Loko District, Sierra Leone, led to the death of 233 animals between March 26th and May 16th, 2022. We ruled out the initial suspicion of Anaplasma species and successfully identified B. anthracis as the causative agent of the outbreak. As a result of the government's prompt response, out of the 49 suspected human cases identified during the one-year active surveillance, only 6 human cases tested positive, all within the first month after the official declaration of the outbreak. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the BaSL2022 isolate responsible for the outbreak was positioned in the A.Br.153 clade within the TransEuroAsian group of B. anthracis. CONCLUSIONS We successfully identified a large-scale anthrax outbreak in Sierra Leone. The causative isolate of B. anthracis, BaSL2022, phylogenetically bridged other lineages in A.Br.153 clade and neighboring genetic groups, A.Br.144 and A.Br.148, eventually confirming the spillover of anthrax from West Africa. Given the wide dissemination of B. anthracis spores, it is highly advisable to effectively monitor the potential reoccurrence of anthrax outbreaks and to launch campaigns to improve public awareness regarding anthrax in Sierra Leone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchao Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Roland Suluku
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Njala University, Njala, Sierra Leone.
| | - Mohamed B Jalloh
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Ahmed F Samba
- Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Baogui Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 East Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
| | - Yubiao Xie
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Doris Harding
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | - Foday Sahr
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Mahmud E Sesay
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Njala University, Njala, Sierra Leone
| | - James S Squire
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | - Moinina N Kallon
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Njala University, Njala, Sierra Leone
| | - Shoufeng Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Rongliang Hu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yuee Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 East Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Mi
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 East Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, China.
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15
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Mahmoud NE, Fahmy MM, Khattab MS, Abuowarda M. Phylogeny and ultrastructure of Elthusa raynaudii (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) firstly recorded from the invasive silver cheeked toadfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus) (Gmelin 1789) in eastern Mediterranean Sea coast. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:86. [PMID: 38182847 PMCID: PMC10769922 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
With the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, many changes have occurred in the Mediterranean Sea ecosystem so became a home to many invasive Lessepsian marine species that have migrated from the Red Sea. About 500 marine species including pufferfish have immigrated and rapidly established a population in the Mediterranean Sea causing significant impact on its ecosystem and fisheries sector. The parasitic fauna of these pufferfish has scarcely been studied in the Mediterranean Sea and also in their native habitat. During this surveillance study on the invasive pufferfish species from the Egyptian Mediterranean coast, the female cymothoid isopod Elthusa raynaudii was detected from the branchial cavity and also in the buccal cavity of 23.9% of the examined Lagocephalus sceleratus. The isolated isopod species was firstly identified and described through electron microscopy and molecular phylogeny based on the sequences of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. Additionally, the description of eggs, embryonic stage, and manca of E. raynaudii was firstly provided. The pathological impact on the infested fish tissues was investigated and revealed curling and loss of secondary gill lamellae in addition to mucous exudates in between the gill filaments and granuloma formation in the gill arch. The study provided the first report of L. sceleratus as a new host for the isopod E. raynaudii collected from the Egyptian Mediterranean coast as a new locality record. The role of the Lessepsian invasive pufferfish in transmitting parasites to the native fish species was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen E Mahmoud
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO 12211, Egypt.
| | - Magdy M Fahmy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO 12211, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO 12211, Egypt
| | - Mai Abuowarda
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, PO 12211, Egypt
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16
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Thanh Ha DT, Kim Thoa LT, Phuong Thao TT, Dung TT, Minh Ha TT, Phuong Lan TT, Khoo KS, Show PL, Huy ND. Production of extracellular agarase from Priestia megaterium AT7 and evaluation on marine algae hydrolysis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 172:110339. [PMID: 37857079 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Agar is a common component biosynthesized from various marine algae species that is widely applied in various fields including food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the structural composition of agar is highly resisted against chemical and biological hydrolysis. Therefore, tremendous research is exploring various pretreatment strategies to break down the intrinsic chemical structural of agar linkage (i.e. neutral agarose and highly sulfated agaropectin) prior for its industrial potential usage. In this research work, a novel agar degrading bacterium was screened and isolated from agriculture soils. Molecular identification using nucleotide sequence of 16 s rRNA region comparison has indicated that the isolate belonged to Priestia genus, and was identified as Priestia megaterium AT7. The maximum enzyme activity was 52.85 ± 1.76 U/mL after 96 h of culture with 5% inoculum size and agitation speed of 180 rpm. Results indicated that the optimal condition for the production of agarose was achieved at pH 7 at 50 °C. The effects of metal ions (e.g. Ca2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+) and organic solvents (e.g. acetone, ethanol, methanol, hexane and isopropanol) on enzyme activity were also evaluated. Marine algae hydrolysis evaluation at concentration of 0.1% indicated the enzyme produced reducing sugar of 683.94 ± 26.93 µg/g after 24 h of treatment. It was also found that the highest antioxidant activities obtained after 20 h of treatment was able to achieve 81.76 ± 3.90% at marine algae concentration of 0.1%. The findings obtained from this research work shows the promising application of extracellular agarase to saccharify marine algae for the recovery of value-added bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Le Thi Kim Thoa
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tran Trung Dung
- Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, Daklak 63000, Viet Nam
| | | | | | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Nguyen Duc Huy
- Institute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Hue 49000, Viet Nam.
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17
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Salem MA, Mahdy OA, Ramadan RM. Ultra-structure, genetic characterization and Immunological approach of fish borne zoonotic trematodes (Family: Heterophyidae) of a redbelly tilapia. Res Vet Sci 2024; 166:105097. [PMID: 38007971 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (FBZT) are highly significant zoonotic trematodes that can infect humans by eating raw or undercooked fish harboring active metacercaria. In this investigation, FBZT was found in samples of widely cultivated redbelly tilapia (Tilapia zillii) obtained from the Fayum governorate. Encysted metacercaria (EMC) infection was identified in fish belonging to the heterophyid family morphologically. The prevalence of heterophyid EMC was 30.5%. EMC was identified and implemented in a subsequent study on domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) carried out to allow adult flukes of Pygidiopsis (P.) genata; P. summa; and Ascocotyle (A.) pindoramensis species in their small intestine. This study presents the first report that combines ultra-structure, molecular approach of three species of heterophyid flukes, ultra-structure using transmission electron microscope in P. genata, and the study of host immunological responses and associated cytokines during Pygidiopsis species infection of pigeons in Egypt. Using Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT- PCR), the gene expression levels of six cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and TGF-β3) were assessed. The molecular confirmation of P. genata, P. summa, and A. pindoramensis have a registration in the GenBank under accession number MT672308.1, OR083433.1, and OR083431.1, respectively. Throughout the infection, the gut produced cytokines in considerably variable amounts. As a result of the Pygidiopsis species infection in pigeons, our data showed distinctive cytokine alterations, which could aid in figuring out the immunological pathogenesis and host defense mechanism against this infection. This study focused on different types of fish-borne trematodes, particularly the zoonotically important ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A Salem
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Olfat A Mahdy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Reem M Ramadan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt.
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18
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Elshahawy IS, Fawaz M, Gomaa A, Mohammed E. Prevalence and first molecular identification of Sarcocystis species in feces of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) in Egypt. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:278. [PMID: 38110960 PMCID: PMC10726512 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcocystis species are obligatorily heteroxenous protozoan parasites with predator-prey life cycles. Global Knowledge about the epidemiology and the distribution pattern of different Sarcocystis species in dog feces are very scarce. Therefore, the current investigation was conducted to declare the occurrence of Sarcocystis in the fecal specimens of the most common canids in Egypt, the domestic dogs, and to identify the species present using various parasitological and molecular approaches. METHODS A total of 100 dog fecal samples were collected and screened using fecal sugar flotation test for the presence of Sarcocystis oocysts/sporocysts. Additionally, thirty samples were used for genomic DNA extraction. The 18S rRNA gene fragment was the target of primers for a PCR, followed by purification and sequencing of the amplicons. RESULTS Currently, the results obtained reviewed that 4% of fecal samples were positive for Sarcocystis spp. using LM. Additionally, Sarcocystis spp. were verified in sixteen dogs (53.3%, 16/30) using PCR and subsequent sequencing protocols. Statistically, insignificant difference in prevalence of sarcocystosis relative to age and gender was noticed. Morphologically, the detected sporocysts measured 13.2-16.0 × 9.4-11 μm. Based on the 18S rRNA gene, sequencing analysis of amplicons from sporocysts DNA revealed 99.82% nucleotide homology with published S. tenella partial nucleotide sequences from sheep in Iraq and Iran. CONCLUSIONS This is the first molecular evidence in support of the final host role of domestic dogs in the life cycle of S. tenella in Egypt, which provides a precious diagnostic tool for further epidemiological studies and for the assessment of the effectiveness of control measures for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail S Elshahawy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Fawaz
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Aya Gomaa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohammed
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
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Zhang Y, Qin Z, Zhang K, Lang J, Wang N, Niu Y, Zhang L. Morphological and molecular biology identification of Cystoisospora sp. in the blue fox, Alopex lagopus (Linnaeus, 1758). Parasitol Res 2023; 123:35. [PMID: 38086981 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of Cystoisospora sp. in blue fox (Alopex lagopus), Sheather's sugar floatation method was conducted to detect coccidia in 423 fresh fecal samples randomly collected from blue fox farms from three cities in China. The overall prevalence of coccidia was 1.4% (6/423), and three Cystoisospora sp. (Cystoisospora fennechi, Cystoisospora sp. I and Cystoisospora vulpina) were identified by their morphological characteristics. The 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) locus sequences were sequenced for molecular biological identification, homology comparison, and phylogenetic analysis of Cystoisospora sp. by single-oocyst selection technology and multi-locus-nested PCR amplification. At the 18S rRNA and COI loci, C. vulpina had 99.48% and 99.59% homology, respectively, with Cystoisospora canis and Cystoisospora ohioensis from canines. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that C. vulpina was clustered in a clade with Cystoisospora sp. from Canidae, which the relatives are consistent with the hosts. To our knowledge, this is the first report on molecular identification and evolutionary analysis of C. vulpina at two different loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Ziyang Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Kaihui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiashu Lang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Nanhao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Yixuan Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China.
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20
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Lee S, Park DY, Wang X, Duan JJ, Gould JR, Kim IK, Lee S. Exploration for Asian longhorned beetle parasitoids in Korea using an improved sentinel log trap. Parasite 2023; 30:57. [PMID: 38084938 PMCID: PMC10714676 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Asian longhorned beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is a destructive invasive woodboring insect pest, and efforts are being made to find parasitoids for ALB biological control. Through a four-year survey in Korea using a sentinel log trap associated with host chemical cues potentially important for host finding by parasitoids, two parasitoid species were discovered attacking ALB. One species is Spathius ibarakius Belokobylskij & Maetô, which is known to also parasitize citrus longhorned beetle, Anoplophora chinensis (Forster). The other parasitoid species, whose offspring were dead before imago, could not be morphologically identified at the adult stage. We attempted molecular and morphological identification of the larvae/pupae of the unidentified parasitoid; however, only superfamily-level identification was possible. The parasitism rate recovered in the logs was 0.3% by the unidentified parasitoid in Gapyeong-gun in 2019, while it reached 29.2% by S. ibarakius in Busan city in 2022. Future efforts for exploring ALB natural enemies in the pest's native range may focus on parasitoids with high parasitism rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Lee
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Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
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Research Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Young Park
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Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Xingeng Wang
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USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit Newark DE 19713 USA
| | - Jian J. Duan
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USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit Newark DE 19713 USA
| | - Juli R. Gould
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USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Otis ANGB Laboratory MA 02542 USA
| | - Il-Kwon Kim
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Division of Forest Biodiversity, National Arboretum Pocheon 11186 Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Lee
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Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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Research Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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21
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Tuo H, Zhang B, He Y, Zhao A, Zhang Z, Qi M, Yu F. Molecular characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in wild Altai marmot (Marmota baibacina) in Xinjiang, China: host specificity and adaptation. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:7. [PMID: 38053002 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is responsible for opportunistic infections leading to gastrointestinal diseases in humans and animals worldwide. A total of 334 fresh fecal samples were collected from wild Altai marmots (Marmota baibacina) in Xinjiang, China, and E. bieneusi was screened via PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the small submit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA). The results indicated that 22.8% (76/334) of the wild Altai marmot fecal samples were positive for E. bieneusi, and the highest positive rate was detected in Akqi (51.9%, 27/52), with a significant difference from other sampling sites (p < 0.01). Four known genotypes (BEB6, CHG3, GX2, and YAK1) and three novel genotypes (XJHT2 to XJHT4) were identified in the present study. Genotype XJHT3 was dominant and detected in 48 fecal samples. In the phylogenetic analysis, the novel genotypes XJHT2 and XJHT3 were clustered in Group 1 together with the known genotype YAK1, while genotypes CHG3 and BEB6 were clustered in Group 2. The novel genotype XJHT4 was clustered together with other rodent-derived genotypes and generated a novel Group 14. These data confirmed the host specificity and adaptation of E. bieneusi in rodents. These findings enrich our understanding of the prevalence and genetic diversity of E. bieneusi in wild Altai marmots in Xinjiang, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Tuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Tarim Road 1487, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Tarim Road 1487, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yongqiang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Tarim Road 1487, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Aiyun Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Tarim Road 1487, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Tarim Road 1487, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Meng Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Tarim Road 1487, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.
- Engineering Laboratory of Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Fuchang Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Tarim Road 1487, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.
- Engineering Laboratory of Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China.
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22
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Grostieta E, Miranda-Caballero CI, Sánchez-Montes S, Colunga-Salas P, González CAL, Valderas-Muñoz KD, Arciniega-Luna G, Aguilar-Tipacamú G. DNA barcoding and new records of Ornithodoros yumatensis from Central Mexico. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:2339-2350. [PMID: 37422609 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Bats represent the second order of mammals with the highest number of species worldwide with over 1,616 species, and almost 10% of them are recorded in Mexico. These mammals have a great diversity of ectoparasites, in particular soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros. Desmodus rotundus is one of the bat species that has scarcely been studied in terms of tick species richness in Mexico, with three tick species reported in five of the 32 Mexican states. For this reason, the aim of the present work was to identify ticks associated with D. rotundus from Central Mexico. Fieldwork was undertaken in the municipality El Marqués, Ejido Atongo A, Querétaro, Mexico. Bats were captured using mist nets and were visually inspected for tick presence. The ectoparasites were identified morphologically and molecularly with the use of mitochondrial markers 16SrDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). A total of 30 D. rotundus (1 female, 29 males) were captured, from which 20 larvae identified as Ornithodoros yumatensis were recovered. Molecular analysis confirmed the presence of this species with identity values of 99-100% with sequences of this species from the southwestern US, and the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. This is the first report of ticks associated with bats for the state of Querétaro, providing the first sequences of the COI gene from Mexican populations of O. yumatensis and shows an increase in the distribution of this soft tick across Central Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Grostieta
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Carlos I Miranda-Caballero
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Sokani Sánchez-Montes
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, México
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Tuxpan, Veracruz, México
| | - Pablo Colunga-Salas
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, México
- Instituto de Biotecnología Y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Carlos A López González
- C.A. Ecología Y Diversidad Faunística, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Kelly D Valderas-Muñoz
- Licenciatura en Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Gustavo Arciniega-Luna
- Licenciatura en Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Gabriela Aguilar-Tipacamú
- C.A. Ecología Y Diversidad Faunística, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México.
- Licenciatura en Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México.
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23
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Hu L, Xiong G, Zhao Y, Chai R, Xie J, Xiao Y, Du Y, Teng J, Zhang W, Guan C. Classification and identification of mosquitoes in China based on rDNA 28S D5 region. Acta Trop 2023; 248:107028. [PMID: 37730192 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Accurate classification and identification of mosquitoes are essential for the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases. In this study, adult mosquitoes were collected from 15 cities across 14 provinces in China. They were identified morphologically with the dominant species determined. Furthermore, representative samples were identified at the molecular level based on rDNA 28S D5. In total, 880 adult mosquitoes were collected belonging to Culex (266), Aedes (473), Armigeres (13), and Anopheles (5). Aedes albopictus and "C. pipiens subgroup" were the dominant species. A total of 140 sequences of 28S D5 region (68 for "C. pipiens subgroup", 51 for Ae. albopictus, 18 for Ar. subalbatus, and three for An. sinensis) ranging from 148 to 161 bp were obtained, with 100 % success of amplification and sequencing. Molecular identification were consistent with morphological classification. Sequence analysis showed that "C. pipiens subgroup" was identified into three clades: the traditional C. pipiens subgroup (Clade I), the newly discovered C. cf. perexiguus (Clade II), and C. new sp. (Clade III). Clade I contained the most abundant haplotypes (16) widely distributed without geographical differences. Clade II included six haplotypes that were aggregately distributed south of the Yangtze River. Only three sequences in Clade III showed two haplotypes with no geographical differences. Further morphological comparisons demonstrated differences in body color, beaks, and abdomens among the three clades. In conclusion, the rDNA 28S D5 region could effectively distinguish Culex, Aedes, Armigeres, and Anopheles species at the lower category level, demonstrating its potential as a mini-DNA barcode for mosquito identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Guodian Xiong
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yae Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.
| | - Rong Chai
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaxuan Xie
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuyao Xiao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Teng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Wanyu Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenglin Guan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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Kaur H, Gupta P, Ahmad H, Shankarnarayan SA, Srivastava S, Sahu S, Karuna T, Narang T, Gupta S, Ghosh A, Rudramurthy SM. Cladosporium halotolerans: Exploring an Unheeded Human Pathogen. Mycopathologia 2023; 188:1027-1040. [PMID: 37924426 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cladosporium halotolerans is a saprobic fungus, rarely implicated in human infections. The identification is challenging due to non-specific phenotypic features. OBJECTIVE To decipher clinical spectrum, microbiological and susceptibility profile of clinical and environmental isolates of Cladosporium halotolerans. METHOD All the isolates identified as Cladosporium halotolerans deposited in National Culture Collection for Pathogenic Fungi (NCCPF), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India were revived. Phenotypic and molecular characterization targeting internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA, large subunit of ribosomal DNA (LSU; NL1 and NL4), actin (ACT) and beta-tubulin (TUB) was done. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to determine any phenotypic variations. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) was carried out for eight antifungal agents as per CLSI M38 Ed3 guidelines. We also performed systematic literature review of all the cases of Cladosporium halotolerans reported till date. RESULTS A total of four isolates (clinical, n = 3; soil, n = 1) identified as Cladosporium halotolerans were included in the study. The clinical sites were skin, maxillary tissue and nail. All patients were apparently immunocompetent, and history of trauma was recorded in one patient. All patients improved on antifungal therapy. The cultures revealed growth of black mycelial fungus and microscopic examination demonstrated dematiaceous septate hyphae with erect conidiophores and conidia in branched acropetal chains. Based on molecular methods, all the four isolates were identified as C. halotolerans. SEM revealed no variation in length and width of the conidia, conidiophores, ramoconidium and hyphae among the isolates. All molecular targets, such as ITS region, LSU (partially sequenced), ACT and TUB were able to differentiate the isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for antifungals were: triazoles (0.12-2 μg/ml), amphotericin B (4 μg/ml) and echinocandins (2-8 μg/ml). CONCLUSION We report role of the rarely isolated dematiaceous fungus, C. halotolerans, in causing human infections. The study emphasizes the role of molecular methods in precisely identifying these species. Triazoles are more active against these black fungi compared to polyenes or echinocandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsimran Kaur
- Mycology Division, Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Parakriti Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Haseen Ahmad
- Mycology Division, Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | | | | | - Suneeta Sahu
- Clinical Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Apollo Hospitals Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - T Karuna
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tarun Narang
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Sunita Gupta
- Mycology Division, Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Anup Ghosh
- Mycology Division, Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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25
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Prakas P, Rehbein S, Rudaitytė-Lukošienė E, Butkauskas D. Molecular identification of Sarcocystis species in sika deer (Cervus nippon) of free-ranging populations in Germany and Austria. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:2165-2171. [PMID: 36752946 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, for the first time, Sarcocystis species were identified molecularly in sika deer (Cervus nippon) that form free-ranging populations in several countries of Europe. Diaphragm muscle samples from 151 deer from 10 populations in Germany and Austria were examined for sarcocysts. By one-gram methylene-blue staining, sarcocysts were recorded in samples of 114 animals (75.5%) which originated from all populations. Sarcocysts were more often (p < 0.0001) recorded in yearling and adult deer than in calves. Infection intensity was generally low with ~ 70% of the sarcocyst positive deer harbouring ≤ 10 sarcocysts per 1-gram diaphragm muscle. Based on cox1 sequence comparison, 10 species of Sarcocystis, all previously reported parasitizing cervids, were identified: S. elongata, S. entzerothi, S. hjorti, S. iberica, S. japonica, S. linearis, S. morae, S. pilosa, S. silva and S. truncata. The prevailing S. hjorti was detected in sika deer of all 10 populations. The identification in sika deer of S. hjorti, S. iberica, S. elongata, S. linearis, S. morae and S. silva constitutes new host records. With the additional species records of this study, the highest number of Sarcocystis species, at least 16, was identified in this host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petras Prakas
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, Vilnius, 08412, Lithuania.
| | - Steffen Rehbein
- Kathrinenhof Research Center, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Walchenseestr. 8-12, 83101, Rohrdorf, Germany
| | | | - Dalius Butkauskas
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, Vilnius, 08412, Lithuania
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26
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Bastin S, Percy DM, Siverio F. Establishing reliable DNA barcoding primers for jumping plant lice (Psylloidea, Hemiptera). BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:322. [PMID: 37941051 PMCID: PMC10634070 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES DNA Barcoding has proven to be a reliable method for rapid insect identification. The success of this method is based on the amplification of a specific region, the 'Folmer' barcode region at the 5´ start of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (cox1), with universal primers. Previous studies showed failures of standard "universal" primers to amplify this region in psyllids. The aim of the study was the design of a new alternative more reliable primer combination for taxa of the superfamily Psylloidea and its comparison with the performance of the standard "universal" Folmer-primers. RESULTS A newly designed degenerate forward primer LCOP-F was developed following comparison of the sequence alignment of the priming site of "universal" primer LCO1490 and the standard insect forward primer LepF1. When combined with the "universal" reverse primer, HCO2198, this new primer pairing was able to generate barcode sequence for all 36 species in 20 genera across the five families of psyllids tested in this study, and these primers were found to be more universally reliable across psyllid taxa than other primer pairs tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Bastin
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Unidad de Protección Vegetal, C/ El Boquerón s/n, 38270, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, SN. Edificio Calabaza-AN.2D Apdo. 456., 38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Diana M Percy
- Botany Department and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Felipe Siverio
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Unidad de Protección Vegetal, C/ El Boquerón s/n, 38270, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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27
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Jeon H, Son H, Min K. Detailed Protocol to Perform Direct PCR Using Filamentous Fungal Biomass-Tips and Considerations. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4889. [PMID: 37969756 PMCID: PMC10632164 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise and rapid detection of fungi is important in various fields, including clinics, industry, and agriculture. While sequencing universal DNA barcodes remains the standard method for species identification and phylogenetic analysis, a significant bottleneck has been the labor-intensive and time-consuming sample preparation for genomic DNA extraction. To address this, we developed a direct PCR method that bypasses the DNA extraction steps, facilitating efficient target DNA amplification. Instead of extracting genomic DNA from fungal mycelium, our method involves adding a small quantity of mycelium directly to the PCR mixture, followed by a heat shock and vortexing. We found these simple adjustments to be sufficient to lyse many filamentous fungal cells, enabling target DNA amplification. This paper presents a comprehensive protocol for executing direct PCR in filamentous fungi. Beyond species identification, this direct PCR approach holds promise for diverse applications, such as diagnostic PCR for genotype screening without fungal DNA extraction. We anticipate that direct PCR will expedite research on filamentous fungi and diagnosis of fungal diseases. Key features • Eliminates the time-consuming genomic DNA extraction step for PCR, enhancing the speed of molecular identification. • Adds a small quantity of mycelium directly into the PCR mix. • Emphasizes the crucial role of heat shock and vortexing in achieving efficient target DNA amplification. • Accelerates the molecular identification of filamentous fungi and rapid diagnosis of fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosung Jeon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hokyoung Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghun Min
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Ulaganeethi R, Shettikothanuru Ramachandrappa VK, Rajkumari N, Dorairajan G, Saya GK. Performance of microscopy compared to conventional PCR in identification of soil-transmitted helminth infections among antenatal women in a low-prevalence setting. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 46:100427. [PMID: 37945120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Traditional microscopy-based methods may provide inaccurate estimates of Soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections in mild intensity of infection. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence of STH infections using molecular diagnostic methods and compare the diagnostic performance of microscopy with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in stool samples collected from pregnant women in primary care settings in Puducherry, India. METHODOLOGY A singleplex PCR assay was developed to detect three species of STHs, namely Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, and Ancylostoma duodenale, by targeting the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS2) of 5.8S rRNA. The PCR generated 420, 662, and 515 base pairs of DNA for the respective organisms. In addition to singleplex PCR, wet and concentration microscopy techniques were used. The results were expressed as percentages with 95% confidence intervals, and the diagnostic performance of microscopy was compared with PCR in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and positive, negative predictive values and kappa statistics. RESULTS Among the 650 pregnant women included, 48.8% were aged 25 years or less, 59% were primigravida, and half were from rural areas. The overall prevalence of any STH infection was higher in PCR compared to microscopy (8.9% vs. 7.2%). The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was higher by microscopy (5.4% vs 2.6%), while the prevalence of Necator americanus was higher by PCR (6.3%) than by microscopy (1.8%). No species of Ancylostoma duodenale was detected. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of microscopy for detecting any STH infection was 22.4%, 94.3%, 27.7%, and 92.5%, respectively. The agreement between microscopy and PCR for the identification is as follows: for any STH infection, k = 0.12, Ascaris k = 0.16, and Necator k = 0.20, respectively. CONCLUSION The prevalence of any STH infection identified by PCR was higher than microscopy, and the agreement between the two methods was poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathi Ulaganeethi
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Nonika Rajkumari
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), India.
| | - Gowri Dorairajan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Ganesh Kumar Saya
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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Houthuijs KJ, Horn M, Vughs D, Martens J, Brunner AM, Oomens J, Berden G. Identification of organic micro-pollutants in surface water using MS-based infrared ion spectroscopy. Chemosphere 2023; 341:140046. [PMID: 37660788 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive monitoring of organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) in drinking water sources relies on non-target screening (NTS) using liquid-chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Identification of OMPs is typically based on accurate mass and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data by matching against entries in compound databases and MS/MS spectral libraries. MS/MS spectra are, however, not always diagnostic for the full molecular structure and, moreover, emerging OMPs or OMP transformation products may not be present in libraries. Here we demonstrate how infrared ion spectroscopy (IRIS), an emerging MS-based method for structural elucidation, can aid in the identification of OMPs. IRIS measures the IR spectrum of an m/z-isolated ion in a mass spectrometer, providing an orthogonal diagnostic for molecular identification. Here, we demonstrate the workflow for identification of OMPs in river water and show how quantum-chemically predicted IR spectra can be used to screen potential candidates and suggest structural assignments. A crucial step herein is to define a set of candidate structures, presumably including the actual OMP, for which we present several strategies based on domain knowledge, the IR spectrum and MS/MS spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kas J Houthuijs
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke Horn
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Vughs
- KWR Water Research Institute, Chemical Water Quality and Health, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea M Brunner
- KWR Water Research Institute, Chemical Water Quality and Health, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; TNO, Environmental Modelling, Sensing and Analysis (EMSA), Princetonlaan 8, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Mansour MMA, Salem MZM. Poultices as biofilms of titanium dioxide nanoparticles/carboxymethyl cellulose/Phytagel for cleaning of infected cotton paper by Aspergillus sydowii and Nevskia terrae. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:114625-114645. [PMID: 37863855 PMCID: PMC10663203 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, TiO2 nanoparticle (TiO2NP)-coated film was produced to protect manuscripts against microorganisms using ecofriendly benign materials. As a result, a simple method was created that uses poultice biofilm made of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and Phytagel plant cell (PGP) loaded with TiO2NPs to preserve manuscripts against microbes in an environmentally responsible way. Three volumes (1, 2, 4 mL) of TiO2NPs were put into a biofilm combination to produce the poultices known as CMC/PGP/TiO2-1, CMC/PGP/TiO2-2, and CMC/PGP/TiO2-3. The synthesized TiO2NPs were nearly spherical in shape, small in size (98 nm), and stable (zeta potential value - 33 mV). The results showed that the unique deposition of TiO2NPs on the biofilm surface gave the produced films loaded with TiO2NPs a rough structure. The highest values of mechanical characteristics were determined to be in CMC/PGP/TiO2-1 with values of 25.4 g, 6.6 MPa, and 11.4%, for tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear strength, respectively. Based on molecular identification, the fungus Aspergillus sydowii and the bacterium Nevskia terrae, with accession numbers MG991624 and AB806800, respectively, were isolated and identified from an antiquated manuscript formed from cellulosic fibers. Before the experiments, the produced cotton paper samples were aged, and then, one group was infected for 6 months by A. sydowii and the second group with N. terrae. Following the preparation of a CMC/PGP biofilm loaded with various volumes of TiO2NPs, poultices were applied to infected cotton paper in order to clean it. The infected cotton paper was placed inside the sandwich-like poultices that were created. The poultice CMC/PGP/TiO2-2 demonstrated potential for preventing the growth of A. sydowii and N. terrae-infected cotton paper, when the fibers were saved, cleaned, and coated with CMC/PGP/TiO2-2 after absorbing the fungus and the bacterium and exhibiting exceptional antimicrobial activities. Finally, the novel biofilms have demonstrated their capacity to lessen microbial contamination of cotton paper. In order to generalize the usage of these poultices, it is also advised that they be produced on a large scale and tested on a variety of organic materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa M A Mansour
- Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z M Salem
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt.
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Zwarg T, Raso TF, de Carvalho MPN, Santos RL, Dos Santos DO, Llano HAB, Soares RM. Acute, fatal Sarcocystis falcatula infection in rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri). Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 46:100935. [PMID: 37935536 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Sarcocystosis is an important avian disease that affects several intermediate host species. Birds not endemic from Americas, like Old World psittacine species, appear to be more susceptible to lethal infection than New World psittacine species. The aim of this study was to investigate the sudden death of rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri) in an exotic private parrot's aviary. Macroscopically, the most prevalent findings were severe lung congestion, slight superficial myocardial hemorrhagic lesions, enlarged liver and congestion of meningeal vessels. The initial diagnosis of sarcocystosis was made in all birds by microscopic observations of intravascular pulmonary schizonts, as well hepatitis, myocarditis, and nephritis. Immunohistochemistry for detection of Sarcocystis sp. antigen revealed an intense immunoreactivity in the lungs. Molecular identification of Sarcocystis falcatula were obtained by nested PCR and sequencing of amplified fragments of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and three surface antigen-coding genes (SAG2, SAG3 and SAG4). SAG-based phylogenies showed a close relatedness of the isolate described here and S. falcatula previously detected in naturally infected native birds, which suggests that the isolates that affected ringnecks are a common isolate that circulates in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ticiana Zwarg
- The Fauna Division of the Municipal Secretariat for Green and Environment of the Municipality of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tânia Freitas Raso
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Renato Lima Santos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Oliveira Dos Santos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Horwald A B Llano
- Investigation Group (GINVER), School of Veterinary Medicine, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo Martins Soares
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Illiano S, Ciuca L, Maurelli MP, Pepe P, Caruso V, Bosco A, Pennacchio S, Amato R, Pompameo M, Rinaldi L. Epidemiological and molecular updates on hookworm species in dogs from southern Italy. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:204. [PMID: 37833701 PMCID: PMC10571300 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The zoonotic hookworms Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala are widespread soil-transmitted helminths in dogs in Europe. Given the veterinary and public health importance of hookworms in dogs and the recent changes in the molecular epidemiology of some species, there is a need to continuously monitor the epidemiological and molecular prevalence of these parasites also at the "local" level. The present study aimed to update the epidemiological scenario of hookworm infections in both owned and stray dogs in southern Italy and to discriminate between different hookworm species (A. caninum and U. stenocephala) through molecular analyses. For this purpose, a retrospective analysis was performed over 10 years (2011-2021), including a total of 7008 owned dogs and 5642 stray dogs referred to our laboratory for copromicroscopic examinations. Moreover, 72 faecal samples, from dogs naturally infected by hookworms, were used to discriminate between A. caninum and U. stenocephala using two PCR protocols. Prior to molecular analyses, a subsample of 40/72 positive faecal samples was used for morphometric investigations on hookworm eggs. RESULTS The results of the ten-year retrospective analysis (2011-2021) showed an overall prevalence of hookworm infection of 9.16%, specifically 5.1% in owned dogs and 14.2% in stray dogs. Logistic regression showed a significant association between positivity to hookworms and the variable "puppies" both in stray (13.84%; OR = 2.4) and owned (7.07%; OR = 2.2) dogs. The results of molecular analyses showed that positivity was confirmed only in 21/72 samples, specifically, 6 samples using protocol A and 19 with protocol B. Sequencing revealed 15 samples positive to U. stenocephala and 6 to A. caninum. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study showed a high prevalence of hookworm infections in dogs in southern Italy, updating the epidemiological scenario of the last decade. Moreover, the results of the study revealed the first identification of hookworm species in dogs in Italy by molecular studies, highlighting that U. stenocephala is more prevalent than A. caninum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Illiano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino, 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Lavinia Ciuca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino, 1, 80137, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Paola Maurelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino, 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino, 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Caruso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino, 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Bosco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino, 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Saverio Pennacchio
- ASL Naples 1 Centro, Veterinary Hospital, Via Marco Rocco Di Torrepadula, 13, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Ruggero Amato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino, 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Pompameo
- ASL Naples 1 Centro, Veterinary Hospital, Via Marco Rocco Di Torrepadula, 13, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino, 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
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Fernandez LN, Maumary RL, Seimandi GM, Pernuzzi C, Derita MG, Favaro MA. First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum nymphaeae on Strawberry Fruits in Central Argentina. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 37822101 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-23-1543-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) production in Argentina extends to around 1700 hectares. Coronda city, located in Santa Fe province, is an important strawberry producer due to ideal agroecological conditions for culture and a high specialization for production. In November 2021, anthracnose symptoms were observed on strawberries cvs. 'San Andreas' and 'Splendor' in Coronda (31°58'S, 60°55'W), central Argentina. During these years, the incidence of the disease reached 40% of the production. Symptoms included 2-3 mm circular to irregular dark brown spots which enlarged rapidly and became sunken. Under high humidity conditions, concentric rings of pinhead-size salmon-colored acervuli developed on the lesions. The causal agent was isolated by touching acervuli with a sterile needle and monosporic cultures were obtained on PDA after 10 days at 25°C, with a 12-h light period. Colonies were white to gray on the top and orange on the underside, where concentric rings of salmon acervuli were clearly distinguished. The width and length of one hundred conidia were examined in three isolates (CF1, CF2, and CF3), ranging from 3.27 to 5.53 μm (avg.= 4.3 μm), and from 10.37 to 19.52 μm (avg.= 14.27 μm), respectively. The conidia were hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, and cylindric-clavate with one end round and one end acute. These morphological characteristics correspond to species belonging to the C. acutatum complex (Damm et al. 2012; Liu et al. 2022). To accurately identify the species, DNA was extracted from isolates, and ß-tubulin (TUB2), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and histone (HIS3) genes were partially amplified and sequenced (Vieira et al. 2020). TUB2, GAPDH, and HIS3 sequences presented a 100% of identity with species of Colletotrichum nymphaeae. The nucleotide sequences were deposited in GenBank (OR271556-OR271558, TUB2; OR271559-OR271561, GAPDH; and OR271562-OR271564, HIS3). Multilocus phylogenetic analyses performed with reference sequences (Damm et al. 2012) showed that the three isolates clustered with C. nymphaeae, in accordance with BLAST results. To confirm pathogenicity, each isolate was inoculated in eight detached fruits of the cultivar from which it was originally obtained. Two drops of 10 μl of conidial suspension (1x105 conidia per ml) were deposited in non-wounded areas on fruits previously disinfested with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 1 min and rinsed twice with sterile distilled water. Drops of sterile water were deposited in eight fruits as control. Pathogenicity tests were repeated twice. Fruits were kept in moist chamber (80+5% relative humidity) at 25°C for ten days. First symptoms appeared 4 days after inoculation. After that, all of the isolates produced symptoms identical to those previously described, whereas the controls remain symptomless. The pathogen was re-isolated from lesions, and identified as C. nymphaeae by morphological characteristics and based on the TUB2 sequences, as previously described. Strawberry anthracnose in Argentina was previously associated with Colletotrichum acutatum, C. gloeosporioides and C. fragariae species based on morphological characteristics (Ramallo et al. 2000; Monaco et al. 2000) but molecular identification was not performed until today. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. nymphaeae causing anthracnose on strawberry in Argentina. This accurate identification will help to develop more efficient management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Noemi Fernandez
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Kredder 2805, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina, 3080;
| | - Roxana Lorena Maumary
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Argentina;
| | | | - Cristián Pernuzzi
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina;
| | | | - Maria Alejandra Favaro
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Producción Vegetal, Kreder 2805, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina, 3080 HOF;
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Zhu X, Gopurenko D, Galea F, Marsh IB, McDougall S, Thotagamuwa A. High-quality DNA isolation protocol for detection of Khapra beetle (Dermestidae: Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898) in standard wheat germ trap. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8757-8762. [PMID: 37541998 PMCID: PMC10520210 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08673-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Khapra beetle (Dermestidae: Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898) is an internationally significant pest of grain crops and stored grain products. Wheat germ traps, routinely used in surveillance sampling of Khapra beetle provide feed-substrates used by the pest throughout its life cycle. However, Khapra beetle larvae, eggs and other traces of the pest, such as larval frass and exuviae, in wheat germ traps are difficult to sort and taxonomically identify. Additionally, high levels of polysaccharides in wheat germ can inhibit PCR based molecular detection of this pest captured in the traps. METHODS AND RESULTS We have developed a sensitive and low-cost protocol for extracting trace levels of Khapra beetle DNA from an entire wheat germ trap. Overnight digestion of entire trap contents in 6 mL of ATL buffer, followed by a 40 min lysis step was optimal for DNA extraction. Paired with reported qPCR assays, this protocol allows the detection of a few hairs of T. granarium in a typical 2-gram wheat germ trap. CONCLUSION This DNA extraction protocol makes it possible to perform a more rapid identification of the pest following wheat germ sample collection. The protocol has potential to improve international efforts for Khapra beetle surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Zhu
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia.
| | - David Gopurenko
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | - Francesca Galea
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - Ian B Marsh
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - Sandra McDougall
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Yanco Agricultural Institute, Yanco, NSW, 2703, Australia
| | - Agasthya Thotagamuwa
- School of Agriculture, Environment and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
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Márquez-Licona G, García-León E, Flores-Moctezuma HE, Solano-Báez AR. Molecular confirmation of Coleosporium plumeriae Causing Rust of Plumeria rubra in Mexico. Plant Dis 2023. [PMID: 37755414 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-23-0797-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Frangipani (Plumeria rubra L.; Apocynaceae.) is a deciduous ornamental shrub, native to tropical America and widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. In Mexico, P. rubra is also used in traditional medicine and religious ceremonies. In November 2018-2022, rust-diseased leaves of P. rubra were found in Yautepec (18°49'29"N; 99°05'46"W), Morelos, Mexico. Symptoms of the disease included small chlorotic spots on the adaxial surface of the infected leaves, which as the disease progressed turned into necrotic areas surrounded by a chlorotic halo. The chlorotic spots observed on the adaxial leaf surface coincided with numerous erumpent uredinia of bright orange color on the abaxial leaf surface. As a result of the infection, foliar necrosis and leaves abscission was observed. Of the 40 sampled trees, 95% showed symptoms of the disease. On microscopic examination of the fungus, bright orange, subepidermal uredinia were observed, which subsequently faded to white. Urediniospores were bright yellow-orange color. They were ellipsoid or globose, sometimes angular, echinulate, (21.5) 26.5 (33.0) × (16.0) 19.0 (23.0) μm in size. Morphological features of the fungus correspond with previous descriptions of Coleosporium plumeriae by Holcomb and Aime (2010) and Soares et al., (2019). A voucher specimen was deposited in the Herbarium of the Departmet of Plant-Insect Interactions at the Biotic Products Development Center of the National Polytechnic Institute under accession no. IPN 10.0113. Species identity was confirmed by amplifying the 5.8S subunit, the ITS 2 region, and part of the 28S region with rust-specific primer Rust2inv (Aime, 2006) and LR6 (Vilgalys and Hester 1990). The sequence was deposited in GenBank (OQ518406) and showed 100% sequence homology (1435/1477bp) with a reference sequence (MG907225) of C. plumeriae from Plumeria spp. (Aime et al. 2018). Pathogenicity was confirmed by spraying a urediniospores suspension of 2×104 spores ml-1 onto ten plants of P. rubra. Six plants were inoculated and sealed in plastic bags, while four noninoculated plants were applied with sterile distilled water. Plants were inoculated at 25°C and held for 48 h in a dew chamber, after this, the plants were transferred to greenhouse conditions (33/span>2°C). The experiment was performed twice. All inoculated plants developed rust symptoms after 14 days, whereas the non-inoculated plants remained symptomless. The recovered fungus was morphologically identical to that observed in the original diseased plants, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. According to international databases (Crous 2004; Farr and Rossman 2023), C. plumeriae has not been officially reported in Mexico, despite being a prevalent disease. Diseased plants have been collected and deposited in herbaria, unfortunately, these reports lack important information such as geographic location of sampling, pathogenicity tests, or molecular evidence, which are essential for a comprehensive study of the disease in Mexico. To our knowledge, this is the molecular confirmation of Coleosporium plumeriae causing rust of Plumeria rubra in Mexico. Rust of P. rubra caused by C. plumeriae has been previously identified in India, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Indonesia by Baiswar et al. (2008), Chung et al. (2006), Holcomb and Aime (2010) and Soares et al., (2019). This disease causes important economic losses in nurseries, due to the defoliation of infected plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Márquez-Licona
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 27740, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km. 6, Calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico, 62731;
| | - Elizabeth García-León
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agricolas y Pecuarias, 70303, Campo Experimental Valle del Fuerte, CARRETERA INTERNACIONAL MEXICO-NOGALES, KM.1609, Mexico City, Mexico, 04100
- SINALOA, Mexico, 81110;
| | | | - Alma Rosa Solano-Báez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 27740, Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km. 6, Calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, Yautepec, Mexico, 62731;
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Polidori C, Gabrieli P, Arnoldi I, Negri A, Soresinetti L, Faggiana S, Ferrari A, Ronchetti F, Brilli M, Bandi C, Epis S. Morphological and molecular insights into the diversity of Leptoconops biting midges from a heavily infested Mediterranean area. Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis 2023; 4:100142. [PMID: 37822789 PMCID: PMC10562859 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The genus Leptoconops Skuse (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are blood-sucking midges known to pester humans and domestic animals. In certain Mediterranean areas, midges occur in large numbers during summer and limit the use of recreational areas, also raising serious health and social concerns. Despite such impact, the diversity and distribution of Leptoconops in Maremma Regional Park (Tuscany Region, Italy), a heavily infested area, is not well known, and neither molecular nor detailed morphological studies exist. We sampled adult midge females in six areas and used high-resolution digital stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy to identify species and investigate the morphology of structures involved in host searching/recognition (antennae and maxillary palps) and host attack (mouthparts). We also performed energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to characterize the elemental composition of mouthparts. Finally, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene was amplified and sequenced, to confirm species identification of collected specimens. We identified two species: Leptoconops (L.) irritans Noé and Leptoconops (L.) noei Clastrier & Coluzzi, with the former being more frequently sampled than the latter and closer to sea coast and rivers. The antennal segments appeared slightly more globular in L. noei than in L. irritans. Five types of trichoid, basiconic and chaetic sensilla were found on the antennae, with some differences between the two species. Mouthparts had the labellum visibly larger in L. noei compared with L. irritans. The maxillary palps possessed a pit filled with bulb-shaped sensilla, which appeared denser in L. noei than in L. irritans. Mouthpart cuticle included Calcium (Ca) and Aluminum (Al) at small but significant concentrations (0.3-1.0%) in both species. Our results suggest that the limited but appreciable differences in sensory system between the studied species of Leptoconops and other Ceratopogonidae may reflect different host or habitat preferences, a scenario potentially suggested also by preliminarily data on their distribution in the studied area. The presence of Ca and Al in the cuticle of mouthparts may help host skin drilling during bite activity. Finally, the gene sequences obtained in this study provide a first reference for future investigations on the taxonomy and dispersal patterns of Leptoconops spp. in the Mediterranean area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Polidori
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Paolo Gabrieli
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Italian Malaria Network, Inter University Center for Malaria Research, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Arnoldi
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Italian Malaria Network, Inter University Center for Malaria Research, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- University School of Advanced Studies Pavia, IUSS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Agata Negri
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Italian Malaria Network, Inter University Center for Malaria Research, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Soresinetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Ferrari
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Federico Ronchetti
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Italian Malaria Network, Inter University Center for Malaria Research, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Brilli
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Italian Malaria Network, Inter University Center for Malaria Research, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Epis
- Department of Biosciences and Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Italian Malaria Network, Inter University Center for Malaria Research, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Jiang F, Zhang W, Pan Y, Yu X, Cao J, Du N, Zhu M, Gu S, Zhan X. Identification and prevalence investigation of cyathocotylid trematode (Trematoda: Digenea: Cyathocotylidae) in Carassius auratus in Wuhu, China. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1185-1193. [PMID: 36646865 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The family Cyathocotylidae trematode is a world-widely distributed parasite whose adults are mainly found in fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals in both freshwater and marine environments. However, little is known of the prevalence of these trematode in China. For the first time, we found Cyathocotylidae trematode in the Wuhu area. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of metacercariae in Carassius auratus from Zhang Lake, Kui Lake, Qingyi River, and Yangtze River (Wuhu Section) in Wuhu area. A total of 392 one-year-old C. auratus were tested in January, April, July, and October 2019, respectively. After the fish were euthanized, the back, chest, and tail muscles were used for preliminary screening for the presence of metacercariae by direct compression method. Metacercariae were isolated by the artificial digestion method and then morphologically and molecularly identified by cox1 (642 bp) and ITS2 (418 bp) sequences amplification by PCR. Based on morphological features and sequence analysis, they were identified as cyathocotylid metacercariae. The four water sources have different degrees of prevalence throughout the year, the prevalence ranges from 28.45% (29/102) in Yangtze River to 50.55% (46/91) in Zhang Lake, with an average prevalence of 40.56% (159/392). There were also differences in the prevalence in different months: The highest occurred in July, which was 81.63% (80/98), while the lowest occurred in January, which was 8.89% (8/90). This study can provide basic data for the prevention and control of cyathocotylid trematode in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, 241002, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules, 241002, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Wanyu Zhang
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, 241002, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, 241002, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xudong Yu
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, 241002, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jiacheng Cao
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, 241002, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Ningning Du
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, 241002, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Mengyi Zhu
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, 241002, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Shengli Gu
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, 241002, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhan
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, 241002, Wuhu, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules, 241002, Wuhu, Anhui, China.
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Parashar A, Rastogi V, Prakash H, Pandey A, Rudramurthy SM. Intergenic spacer (IGS-1) region sequence-based identification, genotypic analysis, and antifungal susceptibility of clinical Trichosporon species. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 45:100390. [PMID: 37573054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Molecular genotyping of Trichosporon species using intergenic spacer region (IGS-1) sequencing and antifungal drug susceptibility testing of T. asahii clinical isolates from Indian patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five Trichosporon strains were characterized using IGS-1 sequencing from 2006 to 2018 and tested against 5 antifungals using CLSI M27-A3 guidelines. RESULTS In this study, broad-spectrum antibiotics with steroids, catheters, and ICU stays were major underlying risk factors. These cases were most commonly associated with diabetes (type-2), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and hypertension. Out of fifty-five isolates, 47 (85%) were identified as T. asahii, and the remaining 6 were T. inkin (11%) and 2 were Cutaneotrichosporon dermatis (3.6%). The most common genotype of T. asahii was G3 (22; 49%) subsequently G4 (12; 23%), G1 (8; 17%), and G7 (2; 4%). One new genotype of T asahii was found in addition to the fifteen already known genotypes. Indian T. asahii isolates showed a low level of amphotericin B (range 0.06-4 mg/l) resistance but relatively higher in fluconazole (range 0.25-64 mg/l). Although, comparatively low MIC ranges were found in the case of voriconazole (0.03-1 mg/l), posaconazole (0.06-1 mg/l) and itraconazole (0.06-1 mg/l). Voriconazole appeared to be the most active drug in T. asahii isolates. The MICs for all the drugs were comparatively lower in the case of non-Trichosporon asahii strains. CONCLUSION T. asahii was the most common Trichosporon isolate. Speciation is necessary for optimal antifungal therapy. Voriconazole-based treatment, Steroids, removal of catheters and control of underlying conditions results in positive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhila Parashar
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College & Hospital, Ajmer, 305001, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Vijaylatha Rastogi
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College & Hospital, Ajmer, 305001, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Hariprasath Prakash
- Department of Medical Microbiology, PES Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, 517425, India.
| | - Abhishek Pandey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institution of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institution of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Soler P, Abdala AM, Larroza M. Genetic characterization and regional distribution of lymnaeid snails in northern Patagonia, Argentina. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 44:100919. [PMID: 37652637 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Lymnaeid snails serve as intermediate hosts for Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758), the etiological agent of fasciolosis, which is a widespread livestock disease in Argentina. Determining their geographic distribution and identifying the snail species involved in the transmission of fasciolosis can provide crucial information for designing strategic control programs. In this context, this work aimed at genetically characterizing the species of lymnaeid snails collected in different water bodies of northern Patagonia, Argentina. To this end, 689 snails were collected in 12 sites in the provinces of Neuquén, Río Negro and Chubut, in areas where fasciolosis is endemic. According to the morphological characteristics of their valves, they were identified as Galba spp. Twenty-three of these specimens were further identified using the nuclear sequences of the internal transcribed spacers ITS-1 and ITS-2 and 18S rRNA. The results confirmed the identity of all the analyzed snails as Galba viatrix and provided evidence that studying the variable region V2 of the 18S rRNA gene is not enough to differentiate closely related species, as observed in lymnaeid snails. Both the fact that G. viatrix was the only species identified in the endemic area surveyed and previous evidence of the high prevalence of F. hepatica infestation in grazing animals in the region suggest that this species is the main intermediate host of F. hepatica. The correct identification of lymnaeid snail species has great importance to determine risk zones and develop appropriate control measures to reduce transmission, according to the different ecological characteristics of each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Soler
- Grupo de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA- Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB), INTA-CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - Alejandra Mariana Abdala
- Grupo de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA- Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Marcela Larroza
- Grupo de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA- Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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Lan X, Wang J, Zhang M, Zhou Q, Xiang H, Jiang W. Molecular Identification of Acrossocheilus jishouensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) and Its Complete Mitochondrial Genome. Biochem Genet 2023:10.1007/s10528-023-10501-x. [PMID: 37620638 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Molecular identification, such as DNA barcoding, is a useful tool that is widely applied in distinguishing species. To identify the cyprinid Acrossocheilus jishouensis, which was previously known to be restricted to only its type locality, we conducted molecular identification of this species based on 23 samples in five localities. Molecular identification based on the mitochondrial COI gene sequence showed that the morphologically similar samples from the five populations were all A. jishouensis, as the mean genetic distances between populations were very small (0.1-1.6%); thus, the distribution of this species was substantially expanded. The whole mitochondrial genome of one sample was also assembled, which was 16,594 bp in length and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and one control region. All PCGs began with ATG except the COI gene, which started with GTG; seven PCGs used the complete stop codon TAA, while four terminated in T(AA) and two ended with TAG. The overall base composition reflected a higher proportion of A+T than G+C and a positive AT-skew and negative GC-skew pattern except for the opposite in ND6. Phylogenetic relationships inferred using BI and ML methods revealed that both Acrossocheilus and Onychostoma were nonmonophyletic, which indicated that the traditional diagnoses between these two genera need to be assessed further. The results of this study not only expanded the known distribution ranges of A. jishouensis, but also provided a valuable data resource for future molecular and evolutionary studies of Acrossocheilus and other cyprinids in Barbinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Lan
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander's Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie, China
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Jinxiu Wang
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander's Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie, China
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Mingyao Zhang
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander's Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie, China
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander's Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie, China
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Hongmei Xiang
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander's Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie, China
| | - Wansheng Jiang
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander's Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie, China.
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China.
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Shabir U, Dar JS, Bhat AH, Nazir R, Ameen F. The hidden world of fish fungal pathogens: molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:311. [PMID: 37598385 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections pose a significant threat to aquaculture, causing substantial economic losses and ecological disruptions. The common carp (Cyprinus carpio), as a crucial farmed fish, requires in-depth research to uncover the underlying fungal pathogens affecting its health. In this study, we analyzed 150 samples of C. carpio to identify the fungal pathogens responsible for the infections based on clinical signs and symptoms. Further, we assessed fungal diversity and prevalence in the infected fish. The infected fish exhibited varying degrees of gross pathogenicity, with fins and skin heavily affected, intermediate infection observed in the head and gills, and the least infection found in the operculum. Morphological examination revealed distinct characteristics such as necrosis, lesions on the skin, fins, and gills, as well as loss of scales, hemorrhagic lesions, and red spots. Furthermore, the presence of gray and white cottony patches on the body confirmed ascomycete and zygomycete infections, while a dark white cottony mass indicated phycomycete infection. Some fish exhibited severe fungal infections, presenting prominently curved spines and necrosis with red spots on the skin. These isolates belonged to various fungal groups, including ascomycetes, zygomycetes, phycomycetes, deuteromycetes, and basidiomycetes. Among these, Fusarium oxysporum emerged as the most prevalent fungal pathogen, followed by Fusarium solani, Saprolegnia delica, and Saprolegnia parasitica. Molecular identification based on ITS and LSU rRNA sequences confirmed the presence of Saprolegnia delica, Mucor hiemalis, Coniothyrium telephii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Penicillium cellarum, and Fusarium californicum in the fish samples. Phylogenetic analysis further supported the morphological and molecular data, providing insights into the relationship between the isolated fungal strains and known species from various geographical regions. Our study enhances our understanding of the diversity and prevalence of fish fungal pathogens in common carp, emphasizing the significance of employing molecular techniques for accurate identification. These comprehensive findings offer essential insights into the impact of fungal infections on common carp populations, laying the groundwork for targeted control measures to mitigate their effects on global aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Shabir
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Jehangir Shafi Dar
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Department of Biosciences, University Centre for Development and Research, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argland 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Ruqeya Nazir
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Han Y, Gao X, Huang G, Chang Y, Han H, Zhu J, Zhang B. Kosakonia cowanii, a new bacterial pathogen affecting foxtail millet (Setaria italica[L.]P. Beauv.) in China. Microb Pathog 2023; 181:106201. [PMID: 37321424 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica [L.] P. Beauv.) is an important cereal worldwide. From 2021 to 2022, stalk rot disease of foxtail millet was identified in Shanxi province, northern China, with an 8% and 2% field incidence rate in Xinzhou (2 different locations), respectively. It caused necrosis, decay, stem lodging, and sometimes death. This study aimed to identify the causal agent of the disease through morphophysiological and molecular identification of the isolates. Stalk rot specimens were collected in Xinzhou, from foxtail millet plants exhibiting typical symptoms, and the pathogen was isolated with dilution plating. It was cultured at 28 °C for 48 h on nutrient agar, revealing circular, convex, and pale-yellow colonies, with a smooth surface and an entire edge. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the pathogen is rod shaped, round ended and has an uneven surface ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 μm in diameter and 1.2-2.7 μm in length. It is a motile gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacterium that can reduce nitrate and synthesize catalase but cannot hydrolyze starch. It also shows a negative reaction in the methyl red test and optimum growth at 37 °C. The pathogenicity test was performed on foxtail millet variety 'Jingu 21' stem to confirm Koch's postulates. The biochemical tests were done in the Biolog Gen III MicroPlate, revealing 21 positive chemical sensitivity tests, except those for minocycline and sodium bromate. Furthermore, among 71 carbon sources, the pathogen utilized 50 as the sole carbon source, including sucrose, d-maltose, α-d-lactose, d-galactose, D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, glycerol, and inositol. Finally, molecular characterization of the pathogen using 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis identified the strain as Kosakonia cowanii. This study is the first to report K. cowanii as a stalk rot-causing pathogen in foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Han
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China; National Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding (in preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
| | - Xi Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Guoli Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yindong Chang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Haili Han
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jiao Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Baojun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China; National Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding (in preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
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Rivera-Luna H, Kniha E, Muñoz P, Painean J, Balfanz F, Hering-Hagenbeck S, Prosl H, Walochnik J, Taubert A, Hermosilla C, Ebmer D. Non-invasive detection of Orthohalarachne attenuata (Banks, 1910) and Orthohalarachne diminuata (Doetschman, 1944) (Acari: Halarachnidae) in free-ranging synanthropic South American sea lions Otaria flavescens (Shaw, 1800). Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 21:192-200. [PMID: 37575668 PMCID: PMC10422118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory mites of the genera Orthohalarachne and Halarachne (Acari: Halarachnidae) are causative agents of nasopharyngeal/nasopulmonary acariasis in pinnipeds and sea otters. Until now, these endoparasitic mites were mainly diagnosed via necropsies and invasive procedures. So far, non-invasive diagnostic techniques have neither been developed nor applied in free-ranging pinnipeds. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the halarachnid mite infestation status of free-ranging "urban" South American sea lions Otaria flavescens in the city of Valdivia, Chile. Therefore, non-invasive sampling methods were used in the current study, e. g. by observation-based sampling of freshly expectorated nasal mucus in the animal environment. Further, collection devices were developed for target-oriented sampling of sneezed nasal mucus, including sterile petri dishes and stretched clingfilms mounted on telescopic rods. Applying these techniques, 26 individual sputum samples were collected. 11.5% of sputum samples proved positive for halarachnid larvae (in total, n = 7), which were morphologically identified as Orthohalarachne attenuata (n = 2) or Orthohalarachne diminuata (n = 5). In one of the individual sea lion mucus samples, both Orthohalarachne species were detected, thereby confirming a patent co-infestation in vivo. 16S rDNA-based molecular identification of individual Orthohalarachne spp. larvae confirmed morphological findings. For the first time, we here molecularly characterized Orthohalarachne spp. on the basis of three gene regions [18S, 28S and the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1)]. Overall, current data include the successful application of non-invasive techniques to sample halarachnid mites from free-ranging synanthropic pinnipeds and contribute to the current knowledge on respiratory mites infesting South American sea lions by combining morphological and molecular methods to overcome challenges in species identification. This study should further serve as baseline study and calls for more research on occurrence, biology and health implications of orthohalarachnosis in free-living as well as captive pinnipeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Rivera-Luna
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Edwin Kniha
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalg. 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pamela Muñoz
- Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Javier Painean
- Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | | | - Heinrich Prosl
- Veterinary Clinic Vienna Zoo, Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 6, 1130, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Walochnik
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalg. 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - David Ebmer
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Veterinary Clinic Vienna Zoo, Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 6, 1130, Vienna, Austria
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Alshammari A, Anwar FA, Mohamed SAA, Abdelsater N. Antihelimentic effect of Androctonus crassicauda scorpion venom against Trichuris arvicolae isolated from Psammomys obesus in Egypt. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103713. [PMID: 37405137 PMCID: PMC10315999 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichuridae family has a genetic and morphological variability between species affecting rodents, but it is considerably hard to morphologically diagnose species within the genus of Trichuris and the individuals of these species are identified according to their host, as it is known that Trichuris spp. is strictly host-specific. However, some species lack host specificity. So, it is necessary to use molecular data in order to well identify the Trichuris spp. in Egyptian rodents. The host examined in the current research is Psammomys obesus and the molecularly identified species from its cecum is Trichuris arvicolae. In addition, Trichuris arvicolae was subjected to in vitro treatment with Androctonus crassicauda Crude Venom as a model of natural alternative treatment for gastrointestinal nematodes that increasingly develop anthelmintic drug resistance. The changes in Trichuris arvicolae were monitored using scanning electron microscopy, Androctonus crassicauda Crude Venom made a significant ultrastructural surface changes in Trichuris arvicolae, including marked cuticular sloughing, disintegrated bacillary glands, bursting of vulva and edema of anal region. This study was done for closer identification of Trichuris spp. infecting rodents in Egypt and evaluating the efficacy of Androctonus crassicauda Crude Venom in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayed Alshammari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin,39511 Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma A.S. Anwar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Sara Abdel-Aal Mohamed
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Naser Abdelsater
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut 71524, Egypt
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Cho Y, Kim D, Lee Y, Jeong J, Hussain S, Lim YW. Validation of Fuscoporia (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) ITS sequences and five new species based on multi-marker phylogenetic and morphological analyses. IMA Fungus 2023; 14:12. [PMID: 37381063 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-023-00117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is a continuous increase in available molecular data, not all sequence identities in public databases are always properly verified and managed. Here, the sequences available in GenBank for Fuscoporia (Hymenochaetales) were validated. Many morphological characters of Fuscoporia overlap among the species, emphasizing the role of molecular identification for accuracy. The identities of 658 Fuscoporia GenBank internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were assessed using ITS phylogeny, revealing 109 (16.6%) misidentified and 196 (29.8%) unspecified sequences. They were validated and re-identified based on the research articles they were published in and, if unpublished, based on sequences from the type, type locality-derived sequences, or otherwise reliable sequences. To enhance the resolution of species delimitation, a phylogenetic assessment of a multi-marker dataset (ITS + nrLSU + rpb2 + tef1) was conducted. The multi-marker phylogeny resolved five of the twelve species complexes found in the ITS phylogeny and uncovered five new Fuscoporia species: F. dolichoseta, F. gilvoides, F. koreana, F. reticulata, and F. semicephala. The validated ITS sequences in this study may prevent further accumulation of misidentified sequences in public databases and contribute to a more accurate taxonomic evaluation of Fuscoporia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee Cho
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohye Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoongil Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhwan Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Centre for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Young Woon Lim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Rahimi Sardo E, Talazadeh F, Jafari RA, Seifi MR. Phylogenetic analysis of pigeon adenovirus 1 in clinical specimens of domestic pigeons ( Columba livia domestica) in Iran. Vet Res Forum 2023; 14:329-334. [PMID: 37383649 PMCID: PMC10298839 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2022.553719.3471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
An internationally identified syndrome that leads to deaths between domestic and ornamental pigeons, particularly after racing is young pigeon disease syndrome (YPDS). This study was conducted to determine the status of pigeon adenoviral infection and molecularly characterize the pigeon adenovirus in Ahvaz pigeons. Sixty stool samples of healthy pigeons (young pigeons and adult pigeons) and 60 stool samples of diseased pigeons (young and adults) with symptoms of lethargy, weight loss, crop stasis, vomiting and diarrhea were examined. Samples were screened for aviadenoviruses by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay and degenerated primers set to target the aviadenovirus polymerase (pol) gene were used which was designed in this study. Screening for pigeon adenovirus 1 (PiAdV-1) was performed using a primer pair that targeted the fiber gene of PiAdV-1. Out of 120 stool samples, six samples (5.00%) were positive for aviadenovirus. The results showed that independent from pigeons' age status, 5.00 and 3.33% of sick and of healthy pigeons were positive for PiAdV-1, respectively. Genomic sequencing revealed that the viruses detected in Ahvaz pigeons belonged to the PiAdV-1 genotype. The results in pigeons revealed a 98.10 - 99.53% nucleotide similarity when compared to other strains of PiAdV-1 (TR/SKPA20, P18-05523-6 and strain IDA4) formerly deposited in GenBank® in Türkiye, Australia and The Netherlands. As far as the authors know, this was the first record of phylogenetic analysis of PiAdV-1 in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Rahimi Sardo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran;
| | - Forough Talazadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran;
| | - Ramezan Ali Jafari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran;
| | - Masoud Reza Seifi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Tehrani M, Ownagh A. Genomic detection of Coxiellaburnetii based on plasmid genes in horses. Vet Res Forum 2023; 14:317-322. [PMID: 37383652 PMCID: PMC10298835 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2022.551663.3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by an obligate intra-cellular pathogen called Coxiella burnetii affecting a broad range of animal hosts including horses. Most of the isolates found carry plasmids which genetic studies of C. burnetii strains suggest a critical role in C. burnetii survival. The correlation between an isolated plasmid type and the chronic or acute nature of the disease has always been controversial. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of C. burnetii QpH1 and QpDG plasmids in horses and assess the potential role of these species as reservoirs of infection and transmission. Nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed on 320 blood serum samples drawn from horses in West Azerbaijan province, Iran, in 2020. In total, 26 (8.13%) Q fever-positive samples based on containing the IS1111 gene were tested by nested-PCR approach to amplify QpH1 and QpDG plasmid segments. The QpH1 and QpRS plasmid-specific sequences were identified in 19 (73.07%) and none in the serum samples, respectively. According to the present study, the age of the animal can be considered as an important risk factor for the prevalence of C. burnetii; but, the season, sex, and breed of the horse had no effect on the prevalence of disease. The results indicate that nested-PCR method could be suitable for routine diagnosis, to gather new information about the shedding of C. burnetii, and to improve the knowledge of contamination routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manizheh Tehrani
- MSc student, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Abdolghaffar Ownagh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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Ghanei-Motlagh R, Fast MD, Groman D, Kumar G, Soliman H, El-Matbouli M, Saleh M. Description, molecular identification and pathological lesions of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae: Huffmanelinae) from the daggertooth pike conger Muraenesox cinereus. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:182. [PMID: 37277780 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Huffmanela Moravec, 1987 (Nematoda, Trichosomoididae, Huffmanelinae), represents a group of nematodes that infect both marine and freshwater fish, and the main gross feature of infection with different species of the genus is the presence of noticeable dark spots or tracks within the parasitized tissues. The purpose of this study was to describe morphologically and morphometrically the eggs of a new marine species of Huffmanela (Huffmanela persica sp. nov.), which was found in the form of black spots in the ovary and the tunica serosa of the stomach of the daggertooth pike conger (Muraenesox cinereus). The new species differs from Huffmanela hamo, another species reported from musculature of this host in Japan, in egg metrics, eggshell features and targeted organ. Molecular identification and pathological examination of the lesions caused by the new species are also reported. METHODS Nematode eggs with varying degrees of development were separated from the infected tissues (ovary and tunica serosa of stomach) and investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Different species-specific markers (small subunit ribosomal DNA, 18S; large subunit ribosomal DNA, 28S; internal transcribed spacer, ITS) were used for molecular identification and phylogenetic study of the new species. Infected tissues were fixed in buffered formalin for pathological investigations. RESULTS The fully developed eggs of H. persica sp. nov. are distinguished from those previously described from this host on the basis of their measurements (size, 54-68 × 31-43 µm; polar plugs, 6.4-9.7 × 8.4-12 µm; shell thickness, 3.5-6.1 µm) and a delicate but ornate uterine layer (UL) covering the entire eggshell including the polar plugs. Histopathological examination revealed a fibro-granulomatous inflammation in the ovary and the serosal layer of the stomach of infected fish. Maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis recovered a sister relationship between the new species of marine origin and Huffmanela species previously collected from freshwater hosts. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first to report the molecular characterization and phylogenetic position of a teleost-associated marine species of the genus Huffmanela. A comprehensive list of nominal and innominate populations of Huffmanela is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghanei-Motlagh
- Division of Fish Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada.
| | - Mark D Fast
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - David Groman
- Aquatic Diagnostic Services, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Gokhlesh Kumar
- Division of Fish Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hatem Soliman
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Division of Fish Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mona Saleh
- Division of Fish Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
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Zhang J, Fu Y, Bian X, Han H, Dong H, Zhao G, Li J, Li X, Zhang L. Molecular identification and genotyping of Blastocystis sp. in sheep and goats from some areas in Inner Mongolia, Northern China. Parasitol Int 2023; 94:102739. [PMID: 36787864 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is a kind of unicellular intestinal commensal which is widely distributed in humans and animals, and frequently found in the people who are in close contact with animals. To investigate the prevalence and evaluate the zoonotic potential of Blastocystis sp. in sheep and goats from Inner Mongolia, China, a total of 1037 samples were collected from them, and subjected to nested PCR amplification based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of Blastocystis sp. The sanger sequencing was used for Blastocystis sp. subtype identification. The results indicated that the average infection rate of Blastocystis sp. was 10.70% [95CI: 8.82%-12.58%] (111/1037), including 11.30% [95CI: 7.96%-14.64%] for sheep (39/345) and 10.40% [95CI: 8.13%-12.67%] for goats (72/692). Five Blastocystis subtypes (ST5, ST10, ST14, ST21 and ST26) were identified in the present study. Among them, ST10 was the most dominant subtype in sheep and goats, accounting for 70.27% (78/111) of the total identified positive samples. This is the first report regarding Blastocystis sp. subtypes ST21 and ST26 in goats in China. This study has provided a detail epidemiological data on the prevalence and subtypes distribution of Blastocystis sp. in sheep and goats in Inner Mongolia, China. Our results indicated that sheep and goats could be reservoir host for multiple Bastocystis subtypes, including the zoonotic subtypes. Further studies among humans, livestock and wild animals are needed to better understand their role in the spread of Blastocystis sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Yin Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Xiaokun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Han Han
- Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jinlin Province, PR China
| | - Heping Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
| | - Guanghui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
| | - Junqiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Xiaoying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products (Zhengzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
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Nascimento MHS, Aragão DG, Silva JLN, Lima RC, Birindelli JLO, Fraga EC, Barros MC. The DNA barcode reveals cryptic diversity and a new record for the genus Leporinus (Characiformes, Anostomidae) in the hydrographic basins of central northern Brazil. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15184. [PMID: 37250713 PMCID: PMC10225125 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Leporinus is one of the most speciose genera of the order Characiformes, with 81 valid species distributed throughout much of Central and South America. The considerable diversity of this genus has generated extensive debate on its classification and internal arrangement. In the present study, we investigated the species diversity of the genus Leporinus in central northern Brazil, and conclude that six valid species-Leporinus maculatus, Leporinus unitaeniatus, Leporinus affinis, Leporinus venerei, Leporinus cf. friderici, and Leporinus piau-are found in the hydrographic basins of the Brazilian states of Maranhão, Piauí, and Tocantins. We analyzed 182 sequences of the Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I gene, of which, 157 were obtained from Leporinus specimens collected from the basins of the Itapecuru, Mearim, Turiaçu, Pericumã, Periá, Preguiças, Parnaíba, and Tocantins rivers. The species delimitation analyses, based on the ABGD, ASAP, mPTP, bPTP, and GMYC methods, revealed the presence of four distinct molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), identified as L. maculatus, L. unitaeniatus, L. affinis, and L. piau (from the Parnaíba River). The bPTP method restricted L. venerei to a single MOTU, and confirmed the occurrence of this species in the rivers of Maranhão for the first time. The separation of L. cf. friderici into two clades and the subsequent formation of different operational taxonomic units was consistent with polyphyly in this species, which indicates the existence of cryptic diversity. The arrangement of L. cf. friderici and L. piau in two different clades supports the conclusion that the L. piau specimens from Maranhão were misidentified, based on their morphological traits, reflecting the taxonomic inconsistencies that exist among morphologically similar species. Overall, then, the species delimitation methods employed in the present study indicated the presence of six MOTUs-L. maculatus, L. unitaenitus, L. affinis, L. cf. friderici, L. venerei, and L. piau. In the case of two other MOTUs identified in the present study, one (L. venerei) is a new record for the state of Maranhão, and we believe that the other represents a population of L. piau from the basin of the Parnaíba River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Histelle Sousa Nascimento
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Maranhão State University, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
- Graduate Network Program in the Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Legal Amazonia, Biological Sciences Institute, Belem, Pará, Brazil
| | - Deborah Gaído Aragão
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Maranhão State University, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Renato Correia Lima
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Conservation, and Evolutionary Biology, National Amazonian Research Institute, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Elmary Costa Fraga
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Maranhão State University, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Maria Claudene Barros
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Maranhão State University, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
- Graduate Network Program in the Biodiversity and Biotechnology of Legal Amazonia, Biological Sciences Institute, Belem, Pará, Brazil
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