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Greenblott DN, Johann F, Snell JR, Gieseler H, Calderon CP, Randolph TW. Features in Backgrounds of Microscopy Images Introduce Biases in Machine Learning Analyses. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1177-1189. [PMID: 38484874 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Subvisible particles may be encountered throughout the processing of therapeutic protein formulations. Flow imaging microscopy (FIM) and backgrounded membrane imaging (BMI) are techniques commonly used to record digital images of these particles, which may be analyzed to provide particle size distributions, concentrations, and identities. Although both techniques record digital images of particles within a sample, FIM analyzes particles suspended in flowing liquids, whereas BMI records images of dry particles after collection by filtration onto a membrane. This study compared the performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in classifying images of subvisible particles recorded by both imaging techniques. Initially, CNNs trained on BMI images appeared to provide higher classification accuracies than those trained on FIM images. However, attribution analyses showed that classification predictions from CNNs trained on BMI images relied on features contributed by the membrane background, whereas predictions from CNNs trained on FIM features were based largely on features of the particles. Segmenting images to minimize the contributions from image backgrounds reduced the apparent accuracy of CNNs trained on BMI images but caused minimal reduction in the accuracy of CNNs trained on FIM images. Thus, the seemingly superior classification accuracy of CNNs trained on BMI images compared to FIM images was an artifact caused by subtle features in the backgrounds of BMI images. Our findings emphasize the importance of examining machine learning algorithms for image analysis with attribution methods to ensure the robustness of trained models and to mitigate potential influence of artifacts within training data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Greenblott
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States
| | - Florian Johann
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt 64293, Germany
| | | | - Henning Gieseler
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany; GILYOS GmbH, Würzburg 97076, Germany
| | - Christopher P Calderon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States; Ursa Analytics, Denver, CO 80212, United States
| | - Theodore W Randolph
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
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Tassorelli C, Barbanti P, Finocchi C, Geppetti P, Kokturk P, Russo A, Sacco S, Cepparulo M. The first interim analysis of Italian patients enrolled in the real-world, Pan-European, prospective, observational, phase 4 PEARL study of fremanezumab effectiveness. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2353-2363. [PMID: 38424386 PMCID: PMC11021338 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2020, the Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) approved the reimbursement of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including fremanezumab, in patients with a Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) score ≥ 11, with prescription renewals for up to 12 months in patients with ≥ 50% reduction in MIDAS score at Months 3 and 6. In this sub-analysis of the Pan-European Real Life (PEARL) study, we provide real-world data on fremanezumab use in Italian routine clinical practice (EUPAS35111). METHODS This first interim analysis for Italy was conducted when 300 enrolled adult patients with episodic or chronic migraine (EM, CM) completed 6 months of treatment with fremanezumab. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients achieving ≥ 50% reduction in monthly migraine days (MMD) across the 6 months post-fremanezumab initiation. Secondary endpoints include: proportion of patients achieving ≥ 50% reduction in MIDAS score at Months 3 and 6, and mean change from baseline across Months 1-6 in MMD and headache-related disability. Safety was assessed through adverse events (AEs) reported. RESULTS Of 354 patients enrolled at Italian centers, 318 (EM, 35.5%, CM, 64.5%) were included in the effectiveness analysis. Of patients with available data, 109 (61.2%) achieved the primary endpoint. 61.0% and 65.1% achieved ≥ 50% reduction in MMDs at Months 3 and 6, respectively; 79.9% and 81.0% experienced ≥ 50% reduction in MIDAS at the same timepoints. CONCLUSION Fremanezumab was effective and well-tolerated over the first 6 months of treatment, with approximately 80% of patients meeting Italian criteria for treatment continuation at Months 3 and 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tassorelli
- Department of Brain & Behavioral Sciences, Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Centre, University of Pavia, Via Mondino, 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- IRCCS C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Piero Barbanti
- Headache and Pain Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
- San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Pierangelo Geppetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Russo
- Headache Center, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Campania Studies "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Sacco
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Nyazema KB, Shey BA, Sei CJ, Peters RP, Maningi NE, Fischer GW, Bernard Fourie P. In vitro evaluation of the binding activity of novel mouse IgG1 opsonic monoclonal antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other selected mycobacterial species. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2024; 35:100435. [PMID: 38601919 PMCID: PMC11004620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance alongside other challenges in tuberculosis (TB) therapeutics have stirred renewed interest in host-directed interventions, including the role of antibodies as adjunct therapeutic agents. This study assessed the binding efficacy of two novel IgG1 opsonic monoclonal antibodies (MABs; GG9 & JG7) at 5, 10, and 25 µg/mL to live cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. avium, M. bovis, M. fortuitum, M. intracellulare, and M. smegmatis American Type Culture Collection laboratory reference strains, as well as clinical susceptible, multi-drug resistant, and extensively drug resistant M. tuberculosis strains using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. These three MAB concentrations were selected from a range of concentrations used in previous optimization (binding and functional) assays. Both MABs bound to all mycobacterial species and sub-types tested, albeit to varying degrees. Statistically significant differences in MAB binding activity were observed when comparing the highest and lowest MAB concentrations (p < 0.05) for both MABs GG9 and JG7, irrespective of the M. tuberculosis resistance profile. Binding affinity increased with an increase in MAB concentration, and optimal binding was observed at 25 µg/mL. JG7 showed better binding activity than GG9. Both MABs also bound to five MOTT species, albeit at varied levels. This non-selective binding to different mycobacterial species suggests a potential role for GG9 and JG7 as adjunctive agents in anti-TB chemotherapy with the aim to enhance bacterial killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kudzai B. Nyazema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bong-Akee Shey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Clara J. Sei
- Vaccine and Antibody Development, Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Remco P.H. Peters
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
- Foundation for Professional Development, Research Unit, East London, South Africa
| | - Nontuthuko E. Maningi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Gerald W. Fischer
- Vaccine and Antibody Development, Longhorn Vaccines and Diagnostics, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - P. Bernard Fourie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Barcelo-Chong CM, Filipe V, Nakach M, Inês Ré M. How spray drying processing and solution composition can affect the mAbs stability in reconstituted solutions for subcutaneous injections. Part II: Exploring each protein stabilizer effect. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:124014. [PMID: 38513817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite extensive research in spray drying of biopharmaceuticals, identifying the optimal formulation composition and process conditions to minimize the various stresses a biopharmaceutical undergoes during this drying process. The current study extends previous research on investigating how spray drying processing and solution composition can affect the stability of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in reconstituted solutions for subcutaneous injections. The decoupling process stresses on a model mAb (mAb-A) compared to the effect of coupled spray-drying stresses revealed that excipients and protein concentration had a more pronounced effect on stabilizing mAb-A against shear and thermal/dehydration stresses than spray drying operating conditions. These results prompted the continuation of the study, with the aim to investigate in greater depth the effect of mAb-A concentration in the formulation designated to spray-drying and then the effect of type and the concentration of individual excipients (sugars, amino acids and surfactants). The outcomes of this investigation suggest that a general increase in the concentration of excipients, particularly surfactants, correlates with a reduction in aggregation and turbidity observed in the reconstituted spray-dried mAb-A powders. These results, contribute to the identification of a suitable composition for a spray-dried mAb-A powder that ensures robust stability of the protein in reconstituted solutions intended for subcutaneous injection. This valuable insight has important implications for advancing the development of pharmaceutical formulations with enhanced stability and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasco Filipe
- Sanofi R&D, 1, Impasse des Ateliers, 94403 Vitry sur Seine, France
| | - Mostafa Nakach
- Sanofi R&D, 1, Impasse des Ateliers, 94403 Vitry sur Seine, France
| | - Maria Inês Ré
- IMT Mines Albi, RAPSODEE UMR CNRS 5302, Albi, France
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Barceló-Chong CM, Filipe V, Nakach M, Ré MI. How spray drying processing and solution composition can affect the mAbs stability in reconstituted solutions for subcutaneous injections. Part I: Contribution of processing stresses against composition. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:123925. [PMID: 38518870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Spray drying is increasingly being applied to process biopharmaceuticals, particularly monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). However, due to their protein nature, mAbs are susceptible to degradation when subjected to various stresses during a drying process. Despite extensive research in this domain, identifying the appropriate formulation composition and spray drying conditions remains a complex challenge, requiring further studies to enhance the understanding on how process and formulation parameters impact mAb stability in reconstituted solutions. This research aims to explore spray drying as technique for producing pharmaceutical mAbs-based powders intended for reconstitution and subcutaneous injection. In the initial phase of this study, using a model mAb (mAb-A), the influence of dissociated and coupled process stresses on protein stability after solution reconstitution was investigated. The findings revealed a detrimental interplay of mechanical, interfacial, and thermal/dehydration stresses on mAb-A stability, notably characterized by an increase in protein aggregation. Subsequently, in a second phase, the study delved into the impact of spray drying processing conditions, the level of excipients, and protein concentration on mAb-A aggregation in reconstituted solutions. The obtained results highlighted the critical role of formulation composition as a parameter deserving further study, specifically concerning the selection of type and concentration of stabilizers to be added in the liquid mAb-A solution to be dried.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasco Filipe
- Sanofi R&D, 1, Impasse des Ateliers, 94403 Vitry sur Seine, France
| | - Mostafa Nakach
- Sanofi R&D, 1, Impasse des Ateliers, 94403 Vitry sur Seine, France
| | - Maria Inês Ré
- IMT Mines Albi, RAPSODEE UMR CNRS 5302, Albi, France
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Prašnikar M, Proj M, Bjelošević Žiberna M, Lebar B, Knez B, Kržišnik N, Roškar R, Gobec S, Grabnar I, Žula A, Ahlin Grabnar P. The search for novel proline analogs for viscosity reduction and stabilization of highly concentrated monoclonal antibody solutions. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:124055. [PMID: 38554741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Administration of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is currently focused on subcutaneous injection associated with increased patient adherence and reduced treatment cost, leading to sustainable healthcare. The main bottleneck is low volume that can be injected, requiring highly concentrated mAb solutions. The latter results in increased solution viscosity with pronounced mAb aggregation propensity because of intensive protein-protein interactions. Small molecule excipients have been proposed to restrict the protein-protein interactions, contributing to reduced viscosity. The aim of the study was to discover novel compounds that reduce the viscosity of highly concentrated mAb solution. First, the chemical space of proline analogs was explored and 35 compounds were determined. Viscosity measurements revealed that 18 proline analogs reduced the mAb solution viscosity similar to or more than proline. The compounds forming both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with mAb reduced the viscosity of the formulation more efficiently without detrimentally effecting mAb physical stability. A correlation between the level of interaction and viscosity-reducing effect was confirmed with molecular dynamic simulations. Structure rigidity of the compounds and aromaticity contributed to their viscosity-reducing effect, dependent on molecule size. The study results highlight the novel proline analogs as an effective approach in viscosity reduction in development of biopharmaceuticals for subcutaneous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Prašnikar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matic Proj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Blaž Lebar
- Biologics Drug Product, Technical Research and Development, Global Drug Development, Novartis, Slovenia
| | - Benjamin Knez
- Biologics Drug Product, Technical Research and Development, Global Drug Development, Novartis, Slovenia
| | - Nika Kržišnik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Roškar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Grabnar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Žula
- Biologics Drug Product, Technical Research and Development, Global Drug Development, Novartis, Slovenia
| | - Pegi Ahlin Grabnar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Armstorfer M, Weitgasser L, Tschani S, Rösch S. [Cochlear implantation in patients with autoimmune hearing loss]. HNO 2024:10.1007/s00106-024-01472-5. [PMID: 38647666 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-024-01472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) manifests with recurrent fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular symptoms. Treatment includes steroids and a variety of immunosuppressants. Despite adequate treatment, sensorineural hearing loss can be progressive to the point of deafness. In these patients, a cochlear implant (CI) is indicated. We present the case of a 25-year-old male who underwent cochlear implantation in the left ear. After implantation we noticed brisk variations in impedances which were related to application of the previously prescribed tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα) inhibitor adalimumab. OBJECTIVE Can immunomodulatory therapy in AIED patients after CI fitting affect the quality of hearing rehabilitation? MATERIALS AND METHODS We documented impedances and speech intelligibility (Freiburg monosyllable test) of our patient for 1 year in dependence on adalimumab therapy. RESULTS Directly after implantation, impedances were within the normal range. During the further course, impedances started to rise, and recurrent adjustments of the implant were needed. Adalimumab therapy was reinitiated, which resulted in a subsequent reduction of impedances. CONCLUSION Cochlear implantation can be necessary in some AIED patients and poses a sufficient method for hearing rehabilitation. Depending on the activity of the underlying disease, a rise in impedances may occur. Immunomodulatory treatment may therefore be necessary to maintain adequate hearing results with the CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Armstorfer
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Österreich.
| | - Lennart Weitgasser
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Österreich
| | - Stefan Tschani
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Österreich
| | - Sebastian Rösch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
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Rudokas V, Silimavicius L, Kucinskaite-Kodze I, Sliziene A, Pleckaityte M, Zvirbliene A. Novel monoclonal antibodies against house dust mite allergen Der p 21 and their application to analyze allergen extracts. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17233. [PMID: 38646484 PMCID: PMC11032652 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Allergen extracts and recombinant allergens are used in allergy diagnostics and immunotherapy. Since allergen extracts from different manufacturers lack proper standardization regarding their composition, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against specific allergen components can be used for their identification and quantification in allergen extracts. This study aimed to generate MAbs against allergen Der p 21 of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus for the analysis of allergen extracts. Methods Recombinant Der p 21 was expressed in E. coli and purified using affinity chromatography. MAbs against Der p 21 were generated using hybridoma technology. House dust mite (HDM) allergen extracts were analyzed using the newly developed sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting and microarray immunoassay. Results MAbs raised against recombinant Der p 21 were characterized in detail and proven to be reactive with natural Der p 21. Highly specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantification of Der p 21 was developed and optimized. The allergen was detected and its concentration was determined in only three of six analyzed HDM allergen extracts from different manufacturers. Conclusion HDM analysis by MAb-based immunoassays shows their differences in allergen composition. The results demonstrate the importance of allergen-specific MAbs as a tool for the characterization of allergen extracts and the need for their appropriate standardization before their use for allergy diagnostics or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytautas Rudokas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laimis Silimavicius
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- UAB Imunodiagnostika, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Aiste Sliziene
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Milda Pleckaityte
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Zvirbliene
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Tesfagaber W, Wang W, Wang L, Zhao R, Zhu Y, Li F, Sun E, Liu R, Bu Z, Meng G, Zhao D. A highly efficient blocking ELISA based on p72 monoclonal antibody for the detection of African swine fever virus antibodies and identification of its linear B cell epitope. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:131695. [PMID: 38642684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Due to the absence of effective vaccine and treatment, African swine fever virus (ASFV) control is entirely dependent on accurate and early diagnosis, along with culling of infected pigs. The B646L/p72 is the major capsid protein of ASFV and is an important target for developing a diagnostic assays and vaccines. Herein, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) (designated as 2F11) against the trimeric p72 protein, and a blocking ELISA (bELISA) was established for the detection of both genotype I and II ASFV antibodies. To evaluate the performance of the diagnostic test, a total of 506 porcine serum samples were tested. The average value of percent of inhibition (PI) of 133 negative pig serum was 8.4 % with standard deviation (SD) 6.5 %. Accordingly, the cut-off value of the newly established method was set at 28 % (mean + 3SD). Similarly, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was applied to determine the cut off value and the p72-bELISA exhibited a sensitivity of 100 % and a specificity of 99.33 % when the detection threshold was set at 28 %. The bELISA was also able to specifically recognize anti-ASFV sera without cross-reacting with other positive serums for other major swine pathogens. Moreover, by designing a series of overlapped p72 truncated proteins, the linear B cell epitope recognized by 2F11 mAb was defined to be 283NSHNIQ288. Amino acid sequence comparison revealed that the amino acid sequence 283NSHNIQ288 is highly conserved between different ASFV isolates. Our findings indicate that the newly established mAb based blocking ELISA may have a great potential in improving the detection of ASFV antibodies and provides solid foundation for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weldu Tesfagaber
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanmao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Encheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Renqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigao Bu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Geng Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, People's Republic of China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, People's Republic of China.
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Ye L, Xu X, Qu A, Kuang H, Liu L, Xu C. Development of a gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for the rapid and quantitative detection of thymidine kinase 1 in human serum. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 245:116146. [PMID: 38631069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is a marker of cell proliferation that can be used for early screening, treatment monitoring, and evaluating the prognosis of patients with tumors. The main purpose of this study was to develop clinically applicable TK1 antibodies, establish an appropriate detection method, and provide material and technical support for the research and clinical application for different types of tumors. Experimental mice were immunized with the C-terminal 31 peptide of human TK1 to screen monoclonal cell lines capable of stably secreting specific antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies were then prepared, purified and screened for optimal pairing following the identification of purity and isotype. Finally, based on the principles adopted by the double-antibody sandwich detection method, we constructed a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) to quantify the concentration of TK1 in serum samples when using a gold nanoparticle-labeled anti-TK1 monoclonal antibody as a probe. The limit of detection for TK1 in serum was 0.31 pmol/L with a detection range of 0.31-50 pmol/L. The spiked recoveries ranged from 97.7% to 109.0% with an analytical precision of 5.7-8.2%; there was no cross-reactivity with common proteins in the serum. The established LFIA also exhibited good consistency with commercially available chemiluminescent immunoassay kits for the detection of clinical samples. The LFIA developed in this study has the advantages of high sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility and strong specificity, and provides a new technical tool for the quantitative detection of TK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Ye
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Qu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
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Urban K, Gkeka A, Chandra M, Greiner D, Pollich S, Ruf S, Kelemen Y, Sundermann T, Pravetoni M, Baehr C, Stebbins CE, Papavasiliou FN, Verdi JP. The fentanyl-specific antibody FenAb024 can shield against carfentanil effects. Toxicol Lett 2024; 396:1-10. [PMID: 38588756 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The surge in opioid-related deaths, driven predominantly by fentanyl and its synthetic derivatives, has become a critical public health concern, which is particularly evident in the United States. While the situation is less severe in Europe, the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction reports a rise in drug overdose deaths, with emerging concerns about the impact of fentanyl-related molecules. Synthetic opioids, initially designed for medical use, have infiltrated illicit markets due to their low production costs and high potency, with carfentanil posing additional threats, including potential chemical weaponization. Existing overdose mitigation heavily relies on naloxone, requiring timely intervention and caregiver presence, while therapeutic prevention strategies face many access challenges. To provide an additional treatment option, we propose the use of a fentanyl-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb), as a non-opioid method of prophylaxis against fentanyl and carfentanil. This mAb shows protection from opioid effects in a pre-clinical murine model. mAbs could emerge as a versatile countermeasure in civilian and biodefense settings, offering a novel approach to combat opioid-associated mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sandra Ruf
- Panosome GmbH, Heidelberg 69123, Germany; Division of Immune Diversity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Tom Sundermann
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute for Forensic Medicine and Traffic Medicine, Heidelberg University Clinic, Heidelberg 69115, Germany
| | - Marco Pravetoni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Center for Medication Development for Substance Use Disorders, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Carly Baehr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - C Erec Stebbins
- Division of Structural Biology of Infection and Immunity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - F Nina Papavasiliou
- Division of Immune Diversity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Joseph P Verdi
- Panosome GmbH, Heidelberg 69123, Germany; Division of Immune Diversity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Hepione Therapeutics, Inc., New York, NY 10014, USA.
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12
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Piñana M, González-Sánchez A, Andrés C, Vila J, Creus-Costa A, Prats-Méndez I, Arnedo-Muñoz M, Saubi N, Esperalba J, Rando A, Nadal-Baron P, Quer J, González-López JJ, Soler-Palacín P, Martínez-Urtaza J, Larrosa N, Pumarola T, Antón A. Genomic evolution of human respiratory syncytial virus during a decade (2013-2023): bridging the path to monoclonal antibody surveillance. J Infect 2024; 88:106153. [PMID: 38588960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the prevalence, genetic diversity, and evolution of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) in Barcelona from 2013 to 2023. METHODS Respiratory specimens from patients with RTI suspicion at Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron were collected from October 2013 to May 2023 for laboratory-confirmation of respiratory viruses. Next-generation sequencing was performed in randomly-selected samples with Illumina technology. Phylogenetic analyses of whole genome sequences were performed with BEAST v1.10.4. Signals of selection and evolutionary pressures were inferred by population dynamics and evolutionary analyses. Mutations in major surface proteins were genetic and structurally characterised, emphasizing those within antigenic epitopes. RESULTS Analyzing 139,625 samples, 5.3% were HRSV-positive (3008 HRSV-A, 3882 HRSV-B, 56 HRSV-A and -B, and 495 unsubtyped HRSV), with a higher prevalence observed in the paediatric population. Pandemic-related shifts in seasonal patterns returned to normal in 2022-2023. A total of 198 whole-genome sequences were obtained for HRSV-A (6.6% of the HRSV-A positive samples) belonging to GA2.3.5 lineage. For HRSV-B, 167 samples were sequenced (4.3% of the HRSV-B positive samples), belonging to GB5.0.2, GB5.0.4a and GB5.0.5a. HRSV-B exhibited a higher evolution rate. Post-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, both subtypes showed increased evolutionary rates and decreased effective population size initially, followed by a sharp increase. Analyses indicated negative selective pressure on HRSV. Mutations in antigenic epitopes, including S276N and M274I in palivizumab-targeted site II, and I206M, Q209R, and S211N in nirsevimab-targeted site Ø, were identified. DISCUSSION Particularly in the context of the large-scale use in 2023-2024 season of nirsevimab, continuous epidemiological and genomic surveillance is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Piñana
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alejandra González-Sánchez
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, School of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Cristina Andrés
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorgina Vila
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Children's Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Infection and Immunity Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Paediatric Hospitalization Unit, Children's Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Creus-Costa
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Children's Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ignasi Prats-Méndez
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Arnedo-Muñoz
- Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Narcís Saubi
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juliana Esperalba
- Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Rando
- Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Nadal-Baron
- Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Quer
- Liver Diseases-Viral Hepatitis, Liver Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus de la UAB, Plaça Cívica, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Juan José González-López
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Soler-Palacín
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Paediatric Hospitalization Unit, Children's Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Paediatrics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jaime Martínez-Urtaza
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, School of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Nieves Larrosa
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomàs Pumarola
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Antón
- Respiratory Viruses Unit, Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Güngören MH, Romeijn S, Dijkstra JA, Crul M. Investigating the Impact of Drone Transport on the Stability of Monoclonal Antibodies for Inter-Hospital Transportation. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00130-8. [PMID: 38582280 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
In the field of healthcare logistics, the reliance on conventional transport methods such as cars for the delivery of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is susceptible to challenges posed by traffic and infrastructure, leading to increased and unpredictable transport times. Recognizing the potential role of drones in mitigating these challenges, we aimed to investigate the impact of medical drone transport on the stability of mAbs. Compromised stability could lead to aggregation and immunogenicity, thereby jeopardizing the efficacy and safety of mAbs. We studied the transportation of vials as well as ready-to-administer infusion bags with blinatumomab, tocilizumab, and daratumumab. The methodology involved the measurement of both temperature and mechanical shock during drone transport. Moreover, the analytical techniques High Performance Size-Exclusion Chromatography (HP-SEC), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Light Obscuration (LO), Micro-Flow Imaging (MFI), and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) were employed to comprehensively assess the presence of aggregates and particle formation. The key findings revealed no significant differences between car and drone transport, indicating that the stability of mAbs in both vials and infusion bags was adequately maintained during drone transport. This suggests that medical drones are a viable and reliable means for the inter-hospital transport of mAbs, paving the way for more efficient and predictable logistics in healthcare delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed H Güngören
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Romeijn
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jacob A Dijkstra
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Crul
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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14
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Wong G, Bienes KM, Xiii A, Fausther-Bovendo H, Kobinger GP. Ebola-specific therapeutic antibodies from lab to clinic: The example of ZMapp. Antiviral Res 2024; 226:105873. [PMID: 38580170 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In the 1990s, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) progressed from scientific tools to advanced therapeutics, particularly for the treatment of cancers and autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. In the arena of infectious disease, the inauguration of mAbs as a post-exposure treatment in humans against Ebola virus (EBOV) occurred in response to the 2013-2016 West Africa outbreak. This review recounts the history of a candidate mAb treatment, ZMapp, beginning with its emergency use in the 2013-2016 outbreak and advancing to randomized controlled trials into the 2018-2020 African outbreak. We end with a brief discussion of the hurdles and promise toward mAb therapeutic use against infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Wong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur Du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kathrina Mae Bienes
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur Du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ara Xiii
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Hugues Fausther-Bovendo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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15
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Arroyo G, Toribio L, Garrido S, Chile N, Lopez-Urbina T, Gomez-Puerta LA, Muro M, Gilman RH, Castillo Y, Dorny P, O'Neal SE, Gonzalez AE, Garcia HH. Concordance between two monoclonal antibody-based antigen detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for measuring cysticercal antigen levels in sera from pigs experimentally infected with Taenia solium and Taenia hydatigena. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:172. [PMID: 38566124 PMCID: PMC10988810 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antigen detection in Taenia solium cysticercosis confirms viable infection in the intermediate host (either pig or human). The reference B158/B60 monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based Ag-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has acceptable levels of sensitivity and specificity in human neurocysticercosis with multiple brain cysts, although its sensitivity is lower in cases with single brain cysts, whereas in porcine cysticercosis the assay specificity is affected by its frequent cross-reaction with Taenia hydatigena, another common cestode found in pigs. Our group has produced 21 anti-T. solium mAbs reacting against antigens of the whole cyst, vesicular fluid, and secretory/excretory products, identifying TsW8/TsW5 as the most promising pair of mAbs for an Ag-ELISA. METHODS We report the use of the TsW8/TsW5 Ag-ELISA to measure cysticercus antigen levels [expressed as optical density (OD) values] in two panels of sera collected from day 0 (baseline) to day 90 postinfection (PI) from pigs experimentally infected with T. solium (n = 26) and T. hydatigena (n = 12). At baseline and on days 28 and 90 PI, we used Bland-Altman (BA) analysis and Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) to determine the concordance between the TsW8/TsW5 and the B158/B60 Ag-ELISA. RESULTS The TsW8/TsW5 Ag-ELISA was able to efficiently measure circulating antigen levels in T. solium-infected pigs, similar to that obtained with the B158/B60 Ag-ELISA. Almost all paired log-OD differences between assays were within the limits of agreement (LoA) in the BA analysis at baseline and on days 28 and 90 PI (92.3%, 100%, and 100%, respectively), and a high concordance of log-ODs between assays was also found (Lin's CCC: 0.69, 0.92, and 0.96, respectively, all P < 0.001). In pigs infected with T. hydatigena, almost all paired log-OD differences were within the LoA in the BA analysis, whereas the concordance of log-ODs between assays was low at baseline (Lin's CCC: 0.24) but increased on days 28 and 90 PI (Lins' CCC: 0.88 and 0.98, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The TsW8/TsW5 Ag-ELISA recognizes antigens in pigs with T. solium cysticercosis and is highly concordant with the B158/B60 Ag-ELISA. However, its diagnostic use is hampered by cross-reactions with T. hydatigena, as in other mAb-based Ag-ELISAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Arroyo
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
- Direccion General de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru.
| | - Luz Toribio
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Sara Garrido
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Nancy Chile
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Teresa Lopez-Urbina
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis A Gomez-Puerta
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Miguel Muro
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yesenia Castillo
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Seth E O'Neal
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Armando E Gonzalez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Hector H Garcia
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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16
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Ezhuthachan ID, Beaudoin M, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Vickery BP. The Future of Food Allergy Management: Advancements in Therapies. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2024; 24:161-171. [PMID: 38393624 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-024-01133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review current and future treatment options for IgE-mediated food allergy. RECENT FINDINGS Recent years have seen major developments in both allergen-specific and allergen-non-specific treatment options, with the first FDA-approved peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) product becoming available in 2020. In addition to OIT, other immunotherapy modalities, biologics, adjunct therapies, and novel therapeutics are under investigation. Food allergy is a potentially life-threatening condition associated with a significant psychosocial impact. Numerous products and protocols are under investigation, with most studies focusing on OIT. A high rate of adverse events, need for frequent office visits, and cost remain challenges with OIT. Further work is needed to unify outcome measures, develop treatment protocols that minimize adverse events, establish demographic and clinical factors that influence candidate selection, and identify patient priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idil D Ezhuthachan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1400 Tullie Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
| | - Michele Beaudoin
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Brian P Vickery
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1400 Tullie Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
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17
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D'Atri V, Imiołek M, Quinn C, Finny A, Lauber M, Fekete S, Guillarme D. Size exclusion chromatography of biopharmaceutical products: From current practices for proteins to emerging trends for viral vectors, nucleic acids and lipid nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1722:464862. [PMID: 38581978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The 21st century has been particularly productive for the biopharmaceutical industry, with the introduction of several classes of innovative therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies and related compounds, gene therapy products, and RNA-based modalities. All these new molecules are susceptible to aggregation and fragmentation, which necessitates a size variant analysis for their comprehensive characterization. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is one of the reference techniques that can be applied. The analytical techniques for mAbs are now well established and some of them are now emerging for the newer modalities. In this context, the objective of this review article is: i) to provide a short historical background on SEC, ii) to suggest some clear guidelines on the selection of packing material and mobile phase for successful method development in modern SEC; and iii) to highlight recent advances in SEC, such as the use of narrow-bore and micro-bore columns, ultra-wide pore columns, and low-adsorption column hardware. Some important innovations, such as recycling SEC, the coupling of SEC with mass spectrometry, and the use of alternative detectors such as charge detection mass spectrometry and mass photometry are also described. In addition, this review discusses the use of SEC in multidimensional setups and shows some of the most recent advances at the preparative scale. In the third part of the article, the possibility of SEC for the characterization of new modalities is also reviewed. The final objective of this review is to provide a clear summary of opportunities and limitations of SEC for the analysis of different biopharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina D'Atri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1,4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1,4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Abraham Finny
- Waters Corporation, Wyatt Technology, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Lauber
- Waters Corporation, Wyatt Technology, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Davy Guillarme
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1,4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel Servet 1,4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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18
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Geersing TH, Dogan D, Nejadnik MR, Romeijn S, Knibbe CAJ, Crul M. Aggregate Formation and Antibody Stability in Infusion Bags: The Impact of Manual and Robotic Compounding of Monoclonal Antibodies. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1029-1037. [PMID: 37839612 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can be damaged during the aseptic compounding process, with aggregation being the most prevalent form of degradation. Protein aggregates represent one of several risk factors for undesired immunogenicity of mAbs, which can potentially lead to severe adverse drug reactions and less effective treatments. Since data on aggregate and particle formation by robotic compounding is missing, we aimed to compare the antibody stability between robotic- and manual compounding of mAbs with regard to formation of (sub)visible aggregates. Infliximab and trastuzumab were compounded into infusion bags with the APOTECAchemo robot or manually by nurses or pharmacy technicians. The products were analyzed by quantifying (sub)visible particles with nanoparticle tracking analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), light obscuration, micro-flow imaging, high pressure size exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC), and visual inspection. HP-SEC showed high percentages monomers in trastuzumab (99.4 % and 99.4 %) and infliximab (99.5 % and 99.6 %) infusion bags for both manual and robotic compounding, respectively. DLS indicated more consistent and reproducible results with robotic compounding, and confirmed monodisperse samples with a higher polydispersity index for manual compounding (0.16, interquartile range; IQR 0.14-0.18) compared to robotic compounding (0.12, IQR 0.11-0.15). This study shows that the studied compounding methods had a minor impact on the number of aggregates and particles, and that robotic compounding of mAbs provided at least similar quality as manual compounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjerk H Geersing
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Dunja Dogan
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M Reza Nejadnik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Stefan Romeijn
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Catherijne A J Knibbe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Crul
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Centre location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Vernieri F, Iannone LF, Guerzoni S, Russo A, Barbanti P, Sances G, Cevoli S, Rao R, Lovati C, Ambrosini A, Buzzoni C, Battisti F, Vatteone L, King SML, Torelli F. Long-Term Effectiveness of Galcanezumab in the Prevention of Migraine: An Italian Retrospective Analysis (REALITY). Neurol Ther 2024; 13:415-435. [PMID: 38329615 PMCID: PMC10951161 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-024-00582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galcanezumab is approved in the European Union (EU) as migraine prophylaxis in adults with at least four migraine days per month. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of galcanezumab on migraine-related burdens and its impact on the use of healthcare resources for migraine prophylaxis in an Italian setting. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted in patients with migraine who initiated treatment with galcanezumab for migraine prevention between September 2019 and December 2020. Patient data for monthly migraine days (MMDs) and MMDs with acute medication intake were obtained by medical chart reviews. Information on patient-reported outcomes (using the Migraine Disability Assessment [MIDAS] questionnaire and Headache Impact Test 6 [HIT-6] questionnaire) and on the use of healthcare resources were also collected. The time points of interest were 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months after the initiation of galcanezumab, and the most recent time point available during follow-up. RESULTS A total of 207 patients were enrolled in the study. Starting from month 3 after treatment initiation, more than half of the patients presented at least a 50% reduction in MMDs, and approximately one-third of non-responders at month 3 became responders at month 6. From month 3 to month 12, MMDs decreased on average by 10 days. Headache impact and disability, as well as migraine-associated health resource utilization decreased significantly during the treatment period. A positive significant association among the three dimensions of clinical burden (MMDs, MIDAS and days of acute medication intake) was also observed. CONCLUSION The results of this Italian real-world study confirmed that galcanezumab has a rapid onset of effect and provides a long-term response among patients over different migraine-related burdens. The use of healthcare resources was also remarkably reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Vernieri
- Headache and Neurosonology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico-Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Simona Guerzoni
- Digital and Predictive Medicine, Pharmacology and Clinical Metabolic Toxicology-Headache Center and Drug Abuse-Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, AOU Policlinico Di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Piero Barbanti
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
- University San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Sances
- Headache Science and Neurorehabilitation Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabina Cevoli
- IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Renata Rao
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Lovati
- L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Hattab D, Amer MFA, Al-Alami ZM, Bakhtiar A. SARS-CoV-2 journey: from alpha variant to omicron and its sub-variants. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02223-y. [PMID: 38554253 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected hundreds of millions of individuals and caused more than six million deaths. The prolonged pandemic duration and the continual inter-individual transmissibility have contributed to the emergence of a wide variety of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Genomic surveillance and phylogenetic studies have shown that substantial mutations in crucial supersites of spike glycoprotein modulate the binding affinity of the evolved SARS-COV-2 lineages to ACE2 receptors and modify the binding of spike protein with neutralizing antibodies. The immunological spike mutations have been associated with differential transmissibility, infectivity, and therapeutic efficacy of the vaccines and the immunological therapies among the new variants. This review highlights the diverse genetic mutations assimilated in various SARS-CoV-2 variants. The implications of the acquired mutations related to viral transmission, infectivity, and COVID-19 severity are discussed. This review also addresses the effectiveness of human neutralizing antibodies induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection or immunization and the therapeutic antibodies against the ascended variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Hattab
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mumen F A Amer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zina M Al-Alami
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Athirah Bakhtiar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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21
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Yu YS, Xu H, AboulFotouh K, Williams G, Suman J, Sahakijpijarn S, Cano C, Warnken ZN, Wu KCW, Williams RO, Cui Z. Intranasal delivery of thin-film freeze-dried monoclonal antibodies using a powder nasal spray system. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123892. [PMID: 38350499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) administered intranasally as dry powders can be potentially applied for the treatment or pre-exposure prevention of viral infections in the upper respiratory tract. However, a method to transform the mAbs from liquid to dry powders suitable for intranasal administration and a device that can spray the dry powders to the desired region of the nasal cavity are needed to fully realize the potentials of the mAbs. Herein, we report that thin-film freeze-dried mAb powders can be sprayed into the posterior nasal cavity using Aptar Pharma's Unidose (UDS) Powder Nasal Spray System. AUG-3387, a human-derived mAb that neutralizes the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was used in the present study. First, we prepared thin-film freeze-dried AUG-3387 powders (i.e., TFF AUG-3387 powders) from liquid formulations containing different levels of mAbs. The TFF AUG-3387 powder with the highest solid content (i.e., TFF AUG-3387C) was then chosen for further characterization, including the evaluation of the plume geometry, spray pattern, and particle size distribution after the powder was sprayed using the UDS Powder Nasal Spray. Finally, the deposition patterns of the TFF AUG-3387C powder sprayed using the UDS Powder delivery system were studied using 3D-printed nasal replica casts based on the CT scans of an adult and a child. It is concluded that it is feasible to intranasally deliver mAbs as dry powders by transforming the mAbs into dry powders using thin-film freeze-drying and then spraying the powder using a powder nasal spray system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Yu
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, United States; National Taiwan University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Haiyue Xu
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Khaled AboulFotouh
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Chris Cano
- TFF Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | | | - Kevin C-W Wu
- National Taiwan University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan; National Health Research Institute, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Robert O Williams
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, United States.
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De Pauli S, Grando M, Miotti G, Zeppieri M. Hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients treated with monoclonal antibodies. World J Virol 2024; 13:88487. [PMID: 38616853 PMCID: PMC11008406 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i1.88487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation poses a significant clinical challenge, especially in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapies, including monoclonal antibody treatments. This manuscript briefly explores the complex relationship between monoclonal antibody therapy and HBV reactivation, drawing upon current literature and clinical case studies. It delves into the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, highlighting the importance of risk assessment, monitoring, and prophylactic measures for patients at risk. The manuscript aims to enhance the understanding of HBV reactivation in the context of monoclonal antibody therapy, ultimately facilitating informed clinical decision-making and improved patient care. This paper will also briefly review the definition of HBV activation, assess the risks of reactivation, especially in patients treated with monoclonal antibodies, and consider management for patients with regard to screening, prophylaxis, and treatment. A better understanding of patients at risk can help clinicians provide optimum management to ensure successful patient outcomes and prevent morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia De Pauli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale, San Vito al Tagliamento, Pordenone 33170, Italy
| | - Martina Grando
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale, San Vito al Tagliamento, Pordenone 33170, Italy
| | - Giovanni Miotti
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
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Dovizio M, Veronesi C, Bartolini F, Cavaliere A, Grego S, Pagliaro R, Procacci C, Ubertazzo L, Bertizzolo L, Muzii B, Parisi S, Perrone V, Baraldi E, Bozzola E, Mosca F, Esposti LD. Clinical and economic burden of respiratory syncytial virus in children aged 0-5 years in Italy. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:57. [PMID: 38528616 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is among the leading causes of hospitalization due to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children younger than 5 years worldwide and the second cause of infant death after malaria. RSV infection occurs in almost all the infants before the second year of life with variable clinical severity, often requiring medical assistance. This analysis investigated patients aged 0-5 years with RSV infection focusing on epidemiology, clinical features, and economic burden of RSV-associated hospitalizations in a setting of Italian real clinical practice. METHODS An observational retrospective analysis was conducted on administrative databases of healthcare entities covering around 2.6 million residents of whom 120,000 health-assisted infants aged < 5 years. From 2010 to 2018, pediatric patients were included in the presence of hospitalization discharge diagnosis for RSV infections, and RSV-related acute bronchiolitis or pneumonia. Epidemiology, demographics, clinical picture and costs were evaluated in RSV-infected patients, overall and stratified by age ranges (0-1, 1-2, 2-5 years) and compared with an age-matched general population. RESULTS Overall 1378 RSV-infected children aged 0-5 years were included. Among them, the annual incidence rate of RSV-related hospitalizations was 175-195/100,000 people, with a peak in neonates aged < 1 year (689-806/100,000). While nearly 85% of infected infants were healthy, the remaining 15% presented previous hospitalization for known RSV risk factors, like preterm birth, or congenital heart, lung, and immune diseases. The economic analysis revealed that direct healthcare costs per patient/year were markedly higher in RSV patients than in the general population (3605€ vs 344€). CONCLUSIONS These findings derived from the real clinical practice in Italy confirmed that RSV has an important epidemiological, clinical, and economic burden among children aged 0-5 years. While the complex management of at-risk infants was confirmed, our data also highlighted the significant impact of RSV infection in infants born at term or otherwise healthy, demonstrating that all infants need protection against RSV disease, reducing then the risk of medium and long-term complications, such as wheezing and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Dovizio
- CliCon Società Benefit S.r.l., Health, Economics & Outcomes Research, Via Murri 9, Bologna, 40137, Italy
| | - Chiara Veronesi
- CliCon Società Benefit S.r.l., Health, Economics & Outcomes Research, Via Murri 9, Bologna, 40137, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Grego
- Dipartimento Tecnico-Amministrativo, ASL 3 Genovese, Genova, Italy
| | - Romina Pagliaro
- UOC Farmaceutica Territoriale, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Roma 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Cataldo Procacci
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, ASL BAT (Barletta-Trani-Andria), Trani, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Valentina Perrone
- CliCon Società Benefit S.r.l., Health, Economics & Outcomes Research, Via Murri 9, Bologna, 40137, Italy
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzola
- Pediatric Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Degli Esposti
- CliCon Società Benefit S.r.l., Health, Economics & Outcomes Research, Via Murri 9, Bologna, 40137, Italy.
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24
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Colaneri M, Scaglione G, Fassio F, Galli L, Lai A, Bergna A, Gabrieli A, Tarkowski M, Ventura CD, Colombo V, Cordier L, Bernasconi D, Corbellino M, Dedivitiis G, Borghetti S, Visigalli D, Sollima S, Casalini G, Rizzardini G, Gori A, Antinori S, Riva A, Schiavini M. Early administration of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir leads to faster negative SARS-CoV-2 nasal swabs than monoclonal antibodies in COVID 19 patients at high-risk for severe disease. Virol J 2024; 21:68. [PMID: 38509536 PMCID: PMC10953281 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Besides the well-established efficacy in preventing severe COVID-19, the impact of early treatments, namely antivirals and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), on the time length to negativization of SARS-CoV-2 nasal swabs is still unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of different early treatments in reducing the SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding, identifying a single drug that might potentially lead to a more rapid negativization of SARS-CoV-2 nasal swab. METHODS This was a single-centre, retrospective, observational study conducted at Ospedale Luigi Sacco in Milan. Data of high-risk COVID-19 patients who received early treatments between 23 December 2021 and March 2023 were extracted. The comparison across treatments was conducted using the Kruskall-Wallis test for continuous variables. Dunn's test with Bonferroni adjustment was performed for post-hoc comparisons of days to negativization. Secondly, a negative binomial regression adjusted for age, sex, number of comorbidities, immunosuppression, and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status was implemented. RESULTS Data from 428 patients receiving early treatments were collected. The majority were treated with Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir and were affected by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection with BA.2 sublineage. The median length time to SARS-CoV-2 nasal swab negativization was 9 days [IQR 7-13 days]. We found that Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir determined a significant decrease of the length time to SARS-CoV-2 nasal swab negativization compared to mAbs (p = 0.003), but not compared to Remdesivir (p = 0.147) and Molnupiravir (p = 0.156). CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the importance of promptly treating high-risk COVID-19 patients with Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir, as it also contributes to achieving a faster time to negative SARS-CoV-2 nasal swabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Colaneri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit II, L. Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scaglione
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit II, L. Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Fassio
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucia Galli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit II, L. Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Lai
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bergna
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Gabrieli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maciej Tarkowski
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Della Ventura
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Colombo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit I, L. Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cordier
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit II, L. Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Bernasconi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit II, L. Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Corbellino
- Institute of Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine, III Division, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Dedivitiis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit II, L. Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Borghetti
- Pharmacy Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Debora Visigalli
- Pharmacy Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sollima
- Institute of Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine, III Division, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Casalini
- Institute of Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine, III Division, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliano Rizzardini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit I, L. Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit II, L. Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Spinello Antinori
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine, III Division, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Agostino Riva
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine, III Division, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Schiavini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Unit II, L. Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy.
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Lang JC, Kura K, Garba SM, Elbasha EH, Chen YH. Comparison of a static cohort model and dynamic transmission model for respiratory syncytial virus intervention programs for infants in England and Wales. Vaccine 2024; 42:1918-1927. [PMID: 38368224 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent study comparing results of multiple cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) in a hypothetical population found that monoclonal antibody (mAb) immunoprophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants averted fewer medically attended cases when estimated using dynamic transmission models (DTMs) versus static cohort models (SCMs). We aimed to investigate whether model calibration or parameterization could be the primary driver of inconsistencies between SCM and DTM predictions. METHODS A recently published DTM evaluating the CEA of infant mAb immunoprophylaxis in England and Wales (EW) was selected as the reference model. We adapted our previously published SCM for US infants to EW by utilizing the same data sources used by the DTM. Both models parameterized mAb efficacy from a randomized clinical trial (RCT) that estimated an average efficacy of 74.5% against all medically attended RSV episodes and 62.1% against RSV hospitalizations. To align model assumptions, we modified the SCM to incorporate waning efficacy. Since the estimated indirect effects from the DTM were small (i.e., approximately 100-fold smaller in magnitude than direct effects), we hypothesized that alignment of model parameters should result in alignment of model predictions. Outputs for model comparison comprised averted hospitalizations and averted GP visits, estimated for seasonal (S) and seasonal-with-catchup (SC) immunization strategies. RESULTS When we aligned the SCM intervention parameters to DTM intervention parameters, significantly more averted hospitalizations were predicted by the SCM (S: 32.3%; SC: 51.3%) than the DTM (S: 17.8%; SC: 28.6%). The SCM most closely replicated the DTM results when the initial efficacy of the mAb intervention was 62.1%, leading to an average efficacy of 39.3%. Under this parameterization the SCM predicted 17.4% (S) and 27.7% (SC) averted hospitalizations. Results were similar for averted GP visits. CONCLUSIONS Parameterization of the RSV mAb intervention efficacy is a plausible primary driver of differences between SCM versus DTM model predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Lang
- Health Economic Decision Sciences, Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences, Merck Canada Inc., Kirkland, QC, Canada
| | - Klodeta Kura
- Health Economic Decision Sciences, Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences, MSD (UK) Limited, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Salisu M Garba
- Health Economic Decision Sciences, Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Elamin H Elbasha
- Health Economic Decision Sciences, Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Yao-Hsuan Chen
- Health Economic Decision Sciences, Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences, MSD (UK) Limited, London, United Kingdom
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García-Lloret P, Galván-Banqueri M, Robustillo-Cortés MDLA, Fernández-Recio M. Analysis of retreatment with monoclonal antibodies in chronic/episodic migraine: Real world data. Farm Hosp 2024:S1130-6343(24)00023-0. [PMID: 38461112 DOI: 10.1016/j.farma.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the response to retreatment in patients with chronic/episodic migraine who discontinued therapy with erenumab/fremanezumab after 1 year of treatment. METHODS Observational, retrospective, single-center, multidisciplinary study in patients with chronic/episodic migraine who received therapy with erenumab/fremanezumab for at least 1 year and discontinued it after achieving an adequate response (optimization). The evaluation of the response after retreatment included the following variables: DMM, MIDAS, and HIT-6 scales at the beginning of retreatment and 3 months later. The response was evaluated in different subgroups (episodic/chronic, erenumab/fremanezumab, and time until retreatment). RESULTS 48 patients were included. 70.8% (n=34) required retreatment with mAb, with a median of 3.9 (2.9-6.4) months until reintroduction. Clinical response after retreatment was achieved in 67.6% (n=23) of patients. No statistically significant differences were found in the analyzed subgroups. CONCLUSION Interruption of treatment with erenumab/fremanezumab for chronic/episodic migraine produces a clinical worsening of the disease requiring retreatment in most cases, approximately after 4 months. Two out of three patients respond positively after restarting monoclonal therapy. This response does not appear to be related to the type of migraine, the specific monoclonal antibody prescribed, or the time to retreatment.
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Cernosek T, Jain N, Dalphin M, Behrens S, Wunderli P. Accelerated development of a SEC-HPLC procedure for purity analysis of monoclonal antibodies using design of experiments. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1235:124037. [PMID: 38335765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The complex structure of biopharmaceutical products poses an inherent need for their thorough characterization to ensure product quality, safety, and efficacy. Analytical size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a widely used technique throughout the development and manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which quantifies product size variants such as aggregates and fragments. Aggregate and fragment content are critical quality attributes (CQAs) in mAb products, as higher contents of such size heterogeneities impact product quality. Historically, SEC methods have achieved sufficient separation between the high molecular weight (HMW) species and the main product. In contrast, some low molecular weight (LMW) species are often not sufficiently different in molecular mass from the main product, making it difficult to achieve appropriate resolutions between the two species. This lack of resolution makes it difficult to consistently quantify the LMW species in mAb-based therapeutics. The following work uses a design of experiments (DoE) approach to establish a robust analytical SEC procedure by evaluating SEC column types and mobile phase compositions using two mAb products with different physiochemical properties. The resulting optimized procedure using a Waters™ BioResolve column exhibits an improved ability to resolve and quantify mAb size variants, highlighting improvement in the resolution of the LMW species. Additionally, the addition of L-arginine as a mobile phase additive showed to reduce secondary interactions and was beneficial in increasing the recoveries of the HMW species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terezie Cernosek
- Catalent Biologics, Madison, WI, USA; Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Sue Behrens
- Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Claremont, CA, USA
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Zheng L, Console G, Wang C, Whang K, Ting HP, Torres YM, Rude E, Smithson DC, Stella C, Bhargava AC. Development and Qualification of Analytical Methods to Support Low Concentration Drug Product in-use Studies. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:604-615. [PMID: 37758160 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of highly potent therapeutics with low expected clinical doses creates a challenge for analytical characterization of simulated drug product in-use samples. The low expected protein concentration (often µg/mL) and highly charged and sub-optimal sample matrices like 0.9% saline or 5% dextrose make ensuring dose solution stability and characterizing product quality changes difficult. Health authority expectations require analysis of low concentration in-use samples to be completed with suitable assays to ensure little to no changes are occurring during drug product dose preparation and administration, thus ensuring patient safety. However, characterization of these samples for protein concentration, size variants, charge variants and potency often necessitates additional analytical method development to improve sensitivity and compatibility with in-use samples. Here we report the development and qualification of reliable in-use methods to characterize simulated in-use samples to assist during drug product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zheng
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., United States
| | - Gary Console
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., United States
| | | | - Kevin Whang
- Biological Technologies, Genentech Inc., United States
| | - Hau-Ping Ting
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., United States
| | | | - Erina Rude
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., United States
| | | | - Cinzia Stella
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech Inc., United States
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Bourassa MH, Lands LC. Preventative therapies for respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) in children: Where are we now? Paediatr Respir Rev 2024; 49:24-27. [PMID: 37704463 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of hospitalization in young children and represents a substantial health-care burden around the world. Advances in research have helped identify the prefusion F protein as the key target component in RSV immunization. In this article, we review the previous, current, and ongoing research efforts for immunization against RSV in children. We present the different types of immunization which include monoclonal antibodies, maternal immunization and vaccines while addressing the challenges of preventing RSV infections in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Bourassa
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital-McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Larry C Lands
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Montreal Children's Hospital-McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Zemella A, Beer K, Ramm F, Wenzel D, Düx A, Merkel K, Calvignac-Spencer S, Stern D, Dorner MB, Dorner BG, Widulin N, Schnalke T, Walter C, Wolbert A, Schmid BG, Mankertz A, Santibanez S. Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies bind to the H protein of a historical measles virus. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 314:151607. [PMID: 38367508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Measles is a highly contagious airborne viral disease. It can lead to serious complications and death and is preventable by vaccination. The live-attenuated measles vaccine (LAMV) derived from a measles virus (MV) isolated in 1954 has been in use globally for six decades and protects effectively by providing a durable humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Our study addresses the temporal stability of epitopes on the viral surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (H) which is the major target of MV-neutralizing antibodies. We investigated the binding of seven vaccine-induced MV-H-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to cell-free synthesized MV-H proteins derived from the H gene sequences obtained from a lung specimen of a fatal case of measles pneumonia in 1912 and an isolate from a current case. The binding of four out of seven mAbs to the H protein of both MV strains provides evidence of epitopes that are stable for more than 100 years. The binding of the universally neutralizing mAbs RKI-MV-12b and RKI-MV-34c to the H protein of the 1912 MV suggests the long-term stability of highly conserved epitopes on the MV surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Zemella
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kerstin Beer
- WHO Measles/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Ramm
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dana Wenzel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ariane Düx
- Viral Evolution, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for One Health, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kevin Merkel
- Viral Evolution, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastien Calvignac-Spencer
- Viral Evolution, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for One Health, Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 17489 Greifswald, Germany; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel Stern
- Biological Toxins (ZBS3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin B Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Brigitte G Dorner
- Biological Toxins (ZBS3), Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Cornelia Walter
- WHO Measles/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Wolbert
- WHO Measles/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard G Schmid
- WHO Measles/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Mankertz
- WHO Measles/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Santibanez
- WHO Measles/Rubella European RRL and NRC Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestr. 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
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31
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Chen Z, Hu T, Zhou J, Gu X, Chen S, Qi Q, Wang L. Overview of tumor immunotherapy based on approved drugs. Life Sci 2024; 340:122419. [PMID: 38242494 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy has become a new hotspot for cancer treatment. Various immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses (OVs), cytokines, and cancer vaccines, have been used to treat tumors. They operate through different mechanisms, along with certain toxicities and side effects. Understanding the mechanisms by which immunotherapy modulates the immune system is essential for improving the efficacy and managing these adverse effects. This article discusses various currently approved cancer immunotherapy mechanisms and related agents approved by the Food and Drug Administration, the European Medicines Agency, and the Medicines and Medical Devices Agency. We also review the latest progress in immune drugs approved by the National Medical Products Administration, including monoclonal antibodies, cytokines, OVs, and chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy, to help understand the clinical application of tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Chen
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, China
| | - Tiantian Hu
- Clinical Base of Qingpu Traditional Medicine Hospital, the Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaolei Gu
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, China
| | - Song Chen
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, China
| | - Qing Qi
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Ramchandani B, Mirza FS. Effectiveness of romosozumab in primary biliary cholangitis at half the recommended dose in an underweight patient. Bone Rep 2024; 20:101736. [PMID: 38298922 PMCID: PMC10827574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Romosozumab (RSB) is a monoclonal antibody to sclerostin that is approved for post-menopausal osteoporosis at high fracture risk. It is administered as a monthly 210 mg subcutaneous injection for 12 months. We report the response to half the standard dose of RSB in an underweight patient with severe osteoporosis and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Using half dose RSB (approximately 3 mg/kg RSB), she demonstrated significant improvement in lumbar spine BMD, paralleling the results of phase III trials. This case highlights the effectiveness of RSB in a patient with concomitant PBC, in addition to its effectiveness at half the recommended dose in an underweight patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanvi Ramchandani
- University of Connecticut Primary Care Internal Medicine Residency Program, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Faryal Sardar Mirza
- UConn Health, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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33
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Nguyen TNH, Goux D, Follet-Gueye ML, Bernard S, Padel L, Vicré M, Prud'homme MP, Morvan-Bertrand A. Generation and characterization of two new monoclonal antibodies produced by immunizing mice with plant fructans: New tools for immunolocalization of β-(2 → 1) and β-(2 → 6) fructans. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121682. [PMID: 38171691 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Fructans are water-soluble polymers of fructose in which fructose units are linked by β-(2 → 1) and/or β-(2 → 6) linkages. In plants, they are synthesized in the vacuole but have also been reported in the apoplastic sap under abiotic stress suggesting that they are involved in plasmalemma protection and in plant-microbial interactions. However, the lack of fructan-specific antibodies currently prevents further study of their role and the associated mechanisms of action, which could be elucidated thanks to their immunolocalization. We report the production of two monoclonal antibodies (named BTM9H2 and BTM15A6) using mice immunization with antigenic compounds prepared from a mixture of plant inulins and levans conjugated to serum albumin. Their specificity towards fructans with β-(2 → 1) and/or β-(2 → 6) linkage has been demonstrated by immuno-dot blot tests on a wide range of carbohydrates. The two mAbs were used for immunocytolocalization of fructans by epifluorescence microscopy in various plant species. Fructan epitopes were specifically detected in fructan-accumulating plants, inside cells as well as on the surface of root tips, confirming both extracellular and intracellular localizations. The two mAbs provide new tools to identify the mechanism of extracellular fructan secretion and explore the roles of fructans in stress resistance and plant-microorganism interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ngoc Hanh Nguyen
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRAE, EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & nutritions NCS, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" - FED 4277, 14032 Caen, France; Université de Rouen Normandie, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Didier Goux
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, US EMerode, CMAbio(3), 14032 Caen, France.
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, F-76000 Rouen, France; Normandie Univ, HeRacLeS-PRIMACEN, INSERM US51, CNRS UAR2026, ComUE Normandie Université, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - Sophie Bernard
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, F-76000 Rouen, France; Normandie Univ, HeRacLeS-PRIMACEN, INSERM US51, CNRS UAR2026, ComUE Normandie Université, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
| | | | - Maïté Vicré
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, F-76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Marie-Pascale Prud'homme
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRAE, EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & nutritions NCS, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" - FED 4277, 14032 Caen, France.
| | - Annette Morvan-Bertrand
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRAE, EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & nutritions NCS, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" - FED 4277, 14032 Caen, France.
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34
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Karlsen EA, Walpole E, Simpson F. Steroid Premedication and Monoclonal Antibody Therapy: Should We Reconsider? Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:275-283. [PMID: 38270799 PMCID: PMC10894762 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy is now considered a main component of cancer therapy in Australia. Although traditionally thought of as pure signalling inhibitors, a large proponent of these medications function through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Currently, most protocols and institutional guidelines for ADCC-mediated mAbs promote the use of corticosteroids as premedication: this is implemented to reduce infusion-related reactions (IRRs) and antiemesis prophylaxis and combat concurrently administered chemotherapy-related syndromes. Concerningly, the inhibitory effects of ADCC by corticosteroids are well documented; henceforth, it is possible the current standard of care is misaligned to the literature surrounding ADCC. Subsequently, clinicians' decisions to act in contrast to this literature may be reducing the efficacy of mAbs. The literature suggests that the redundant use of corticosteroids should be cautioned against when used in conjunction with ADCC-mediated mAbs-this is due to the consequent reduction in anti-tumour activity. Owing to the fact IRRs typically occur upon initial infusion, the authors advocate for individual clinicians and institutional protocols to considering augmenting their practice to corticosteroid premedication at the first dose only, unless clinically indicated. Additionally, product information (PI) and consumer medicine information (CMI) documents distributed by Australian and international regulatory agencies should consider disclosing the risk of concurrent steroids with these medications. Moreover, the authors suggest considering alternative medications for the management of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma-Anne Karlsen
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Department of General Surgery, Mater Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia.
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Simpson Laboratory - Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Euan Walpole
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Division of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Simpson Laboratory - Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
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Klimek F, Förster-Ruhrmann U, Hagemann J, Cuevas M, Gröger M, Klimek L. [Does aspirin therapy after desensitization still have a role in treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis in the era of biologics?]. HNO 2024:10.1007/s00106-024-01431-0. [PMID: 38409556 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-024-01431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of analgesic intolerance syndrome (AIS), internationally known as NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD), is reported to be 0.5-5.7% in the general population. The disease often begins with nasal symptoms, which are later joined by chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), asthma, and respiratory hypersensitivity reactions following use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In the setting of chronic respiratory disease, the type 2 inflammatory endotype is predominant in approximately 80% of patients with CRSwNP, rendering biologics directed against interleukin (IL)-4, IL‑5, IL-13, and IgE of high clinical interest, particularly in patients with severe CRSwNP and NERD. NERD is often associated with CRSwNP and asthma. Patients with CRSwNP and NERD have been treated, among other therapies, with aspirin therapy after desensitization (ATAD). With the approval of monoclonal antibodies for CRSwNP and asthma, the question arises as to what extent ATAD, which is associated with undesirable side effects, is still useful in the treatment of CRSwNP. In this manuscript, the use of ATAD in CRSwNP patients is discussed from different medical and socioeconomic points of view, both alternatively to or in combination with monoclonal antibodies. Accordingly, both ATAD and biologics continue to play a supporting role in modern treatment of CRSwNP in NERD patients, and should be used judiciously to complement each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Klimek
- Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie, Wiesbaden, Deutschland
| | - U Förster-Ruhrmann
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsmedizin Charité, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - J Hagemann
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - M Cuevas
- Klinik und Poliklinik für HNO-Heilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - M Gröger
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland.
| | - L Klimek
- Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie, Wiesbaden, Deutschland
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Fratz-Berilla EJ, Kohnhorst C, Trunfio N, Bush X, Gyorgypal A, Agarabi C. Evaluation of single-use optical and electrochemical pH sensors in upstream bioprocessing. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25512. [PMID: 38371965 PMCID: PMC10873650 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Culture pH is a critical process parameter during CHO cell bioreactor operations that is key for proper cell growth, protein production, and maintaining the critical quality attributes of a monoclonal antibody drug substance. The traditional means of measuring pH in bioreactors is with an electrochemical probe that can withstand and maintain accuracy through repeated sterilization cycles. An alternative technique for measuring pH is an optical sensor composed of a fluorescent dye that is sensitive to the hydrogen ion concentration. In this work we explore single-use electrochemical and single-use optical pH sensors in stirred-tank and rocking bioreactors, respectively, to understand how their overall performance compares to traditional electrochemical probes in benchtop glass stirred tank bioreactors. We found that the single-use optical pH sensors were generally less accurate than the electrochemical probes, especially in detecting large pH drifts from the setpoint. The single-use electrochemical probes were increasingly accurate as pH was increased from <7.0 to 7.5 but tended to decrease in accuracy as the batch age increased. In conclusion, single-use pH sensors offer a convenient means to measure pH during an upstream bioprocess, but the limitations of these sensors should be built into process control such that deviations in process pH, and consequently potential fluctuations in product quality, can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J. Fratz-Berilla
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Casey Kohnhorst
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas Trunfio
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Xin Bush
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Aron Gyorgypal
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Cyrus Agarabi
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Office of Biotechnology Products, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Wijngaarden JE, Jauw YWS, Zwezerijnen GJC, de Wit-van der Veen BJ, Vugts DJ, Zijlstra JM, van Dongen GAMS, Boellaard R, Menke-van der Houven van Oordt CW, Huisman MC. Non-specific irreversible 89Zr-mAb uptake in tumours: evidence from biopsy-proven target-negative tumours using 89Zr-immuno-PET. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:18. [PMID: 38358425 PMCID: PMC10869322 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-024-01079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distribution of mAbs into tumour tissue may occur via different processes contributing differently to the 89Zr-mAb uptake on PET. Target-specific binding in tumours is of main interest; however, non-specific irreversible uptake may also be present, which influences quantification. The aim was to investigate the presence of non-specific irreversible uptake in tumour tissue using Patlak linearization on 89Zr-immuno-PET data of biopsy-proven target-negative tumours. Data of two studies, including target status obtained from biopsies, were retrospectively analysed, and Patlak linearization provided the net rate of irreversible uptake (Ki). RESULTS Two tumours were classified as CD20-negative and two as CD20-positive. Four tumours were classified as CEA-negative and nine as CEA-positive. Ki values of CD20-negative (0.43 µL/g/h and 0.92 µL/g/h) and CEA-negative tumours (mdn = 1.97 µL/g/h, interquartile range (IQR) = 1.50-2.39) were higher than zero. Median Ki values of target-negative tumours were lower than CD20-positive (1.87 µL/g/h and 1.90 µL/g/h) and CEA-positive tumours (mdn = 2.77 µL/g/h, IQR = 2.11-3.65). CONCLUSION Biopsy-proven target-negative tumours showed irreversible uptake of 89Zr-mAbs measured in vivo using 89Zr-immuno-PET data, which suggests the presence of non-specific irreversible uptake in tumours. Consequently, for 89Zr-immuno-PET, even if the target is absent, a tumour-to-plasma ratio always increases over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Wijngaarden
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Yvonne W S Jauw
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Haematology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben J C Zwezerijnen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Berlinda J de Wit-van der Veen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Nederlands Kanker Instituut, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle J Vugts
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josée M Zijlstra
- Department of Haematology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guus A M S van Dongen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marc C Huisman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Reinert T, Houzé P, Francois YN, Gahoual R. Enhancing affinity purification of monoclonal antibodies from human serum for subsequent CZE-MS analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1234:123974. [PMID: 38271747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Due to the separation technique employed, capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) analysis performances are significantly influenced by the chemical composition and the complexity of the sample. In various applications, that impact has prevented the use of CE-MS for the characterization and quantification of proteins in biological samples. Here we present the development and evaluation and a sample preparation procedure, based on affinity purification, for the specific extraction of the monoclonal antibody (mAbs) infliximab from human serum in order to perform subsequent proteolytic digestion and CE-MS/MS analysis. Three distinctive sample preparation strategies were envisaged. In each case, the different steps composing the protocol were thoroughly optimized and evaluated in order to provide a sample preparation addressing the important complexity of serums samples while providing an optimal compatibility with CE-MS/MS analysis. The different sample preparation strategies were assessed concerning the possibility to achieve an appropriate absolute quantification of the mAbs using CE-MS/MS for samples mimicking patient serum samples. Also, the possibility to perform the characterization of several types of post-translational modifications (PTMs) was evaluated. The sample preparation protocols allowed the quantification of the mAbs in serums samples for concentration as low as 0.2 µg·mL-1 (2.03 nM) using CE-MS/MS analysis, also the possibility to characterize and estimate the modification level of PTMs hotspots in a consistent manner. Results allowed to attribute the effect on the electrophoretic separation of the different steps composing sample preparation. Finally, they demonstrated that sample preparation for CE-MS/MS analysis could benefit greatly for the extended applicability of this type of analysis for complex biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Reinert
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France; Université Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Paris, France.
| | - Pascal Houzé
- Université Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Toxicologie Biologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Yannis-Nicolas Francois
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS) UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Rabah Gahoual
- Université Paris Cité, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Paris, France
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Jogdeo CM, Bhattacharya DS, Lin V, Kolhe P, Badkar A. Assessing Physicochemical Stability of Monoclonal Antibodies in a Simulated Subcutaneous Environment. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00046-7. [PMID: 38341129 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are being increasingly administered by the subcutaneous (SC) route compared to the traditional intravenous route. Despite the growing popularity of the subcutaneous route, our current knowledge regarding the intricate mechanistic changes happening in the formulation after injection in the subcutaneous space, as well as the in vivo stability of administered mAbs, remains quite limited. Changes in the protein environment as it transitions from a stabilized, formulated drug product in an appropriate container closure to the SC tissue environment can drastically impact the structural stability and integrity of the injected protein. Interactions of the protein with components of the extracellular matrix can lead to changes in its structure, potentially impacting both safety and efficacy. Investigating protein stability in the SC space can enable early assessment of risk and performance of subcutaneously administered proteins influencing clinical decisions and formulation development strategies. The Subcutaneous Injection Site Simulator (SCISSOR) is a novel in vitro system that mimics the subcutaneous injection site and models the events that a protein goes through as it transitions from a stabilized formulation environment to the dynamic physiological space. In this paper, we utilize the SCISSOR to probe for biophysical and chemical changes in seven mAbs post SC injection using a variety of analytical techniques. After 24 h, all mAbs demonstrated a relative decrease in conformational stability, an increase in fragmentation, and elevated acidic species. Higher order structure analysis revealed a deviation in the secondary structure from the standard and an increase in the number of unordered species. Our findings suggest an overall reduced stability of mAbs after subcutaneous administration. This reduced stability could have a potential impact on safety and efficacy. In vitro systems such as the SCISSOR combined with downstream analyses have potential to provide valuable information for assessing the suitability of lead molecules and aid in formulation design optimized for administration in the intended body compartment, thus improving chances of clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay M Jogdeo
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Drug Product Design and Development Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, USA
| | - Deep S Bhattacharya
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Drug Product Design and Development Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, USA.
| | - Vicky Lin
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Parag Kolhe
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Drug Product Design and Development Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, USA
| | - Advait Badkar
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Drug Product Design and Development Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, USA
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Murillo AD, Castrillon AI, Serrano CD, Fernandez-Trujillo L. Monoclonal antibodies in idiopathic chronic eosinophilic pneumonia: a scoping review. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:74. [PMID: 38331769 PMCID: PMC10851541 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (ICEP) is a rare disease characterized by pulmonary radiological alterations, peripheral eosinophilia, and demonstrated pulmonary eosinophilia. Oral steroids (OSs) are the standard management, but relapses occur in up to 50% of patients during the decrease or suspension of steroids, usually requiring reinitiation of treatment, exposing patients to secondary events derived from the management. Management with monoclonal antibodies has been proposed in these cases to control the disease and limit the secondary effects. The objective is to describe the extent and type of evidence regarding the use of monoclonal antibodies for ICEP. METHODS A panoramic review of the literature was performed. Observational and experimental studies of pediatric and adult populations that managed recurrent ICEP with monoclonal antibodies were included. Data search, selection, and extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. RESULTS 937 studies were found. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 37 titles remained for the final analysis: a retrospective, observational, real-life study, two case series publications, and 34 case reports published in academic poster sessions and letters to the editor. In general, the use of monoclonal antibodies approved for severe asthma could be useful for the control of ICEP, since most of the results show a good response for clinical and radiological outcomes. Biological drugs seem to be a safer option for controlling relapses in ICEP, allowing lowering/suspension of OSs, and sometimes replacing them in patients intolerant to them, patients with significant comorbidities, and patients who have already developed adverse events. CONCLUSION The extent of the evidence supporting management of ICEP with monoclonal antibodies against IL-5 and IgE (omalizumab) is limited, but it could be promising in patients who present frequent relapses, in cortico-dependent individuals, or in patients in whom the use of steroids is contraindicated. The extent of the evidence for management with dupilumab is more limited. Studies with better design and structure are needed to evaluate quality of life and outcomes during a clear follow-up period. To our knowledge, this is the first scoping review of the literature showing the extent of the evidence for the management of ICEP with monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dionelly Murillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allergology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali, 760032, Colombia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 # 122-135, Cali, 760032, Colombia
| | - Ana Isabel Castrillon
- Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle del Lili, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali, 760032, Colombia
| | - Carlos Daniel Serrano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allergology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali, 760032, Colombia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 # 122-135, Cali, 760032, Colombia
| | - Liliana Fernandez-Trujillo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 # 122-135, Cali, 760032, Colombia.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonology Service, Interventional Pulmonology. Fundacion Valle del Lili, Av. Simón Bolívar. Carrera 98 # 18-49. Torre 6, 4th Floor, Cali, Colombia.
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Wijngaarden JE, Ahbari A, Pouw JEE, Greuter HNJM, Bahce I, Zwezerijnen GJC, Vugts DJ, van Dongen GAMS, Boellaard R, Menke-van der Houven van Oordt CW, Huisman MC. How to obtain the image-derived blood concentration from 89Zr-immuno-PET scans. EJNMMI Phys 2024; 11:16. [PMID: 38321232 PMCID: PMC10847076 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-024-00621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PET scans using zirconium-89 labelled monoclonal antibodies (89Zr-mAbs), known as 89Zr-immuno-PET, are made to measure uptake in tumour and organ tissue. Uptake is related to the supply of 89Zr-mAbs in the blood. Measuring activity concentrations in blood, however, requires invasive blood sampling. This study aims to identify the best delineation strategy to obtain the image-derived blood concentration (IDBC) from 89Zr-immuno-PET scans. METHODS PET imaging and blood sampling of two 89Zr-mAbs were included, 89Zr-cetuximab and 89Zr-durvalumab. For seven patients receiving 89Zr-cetuximab, PET scans on 1-2 h, 2 and 6 days post-injection (p.i.) were analysed. Five patients received three injections of 89Zr-durvalumab. The scanning protocol for the first two injections consisted of PET scanning on 2, 5 and 7 days p.i. and for the third injection only on 7 days p.i. Blood samples were drawn with every PET scan and the sample-derived blood concentration (SDBC) was used as gold standard for the IDBC. According to an in-house developed standard operating procedure, the aortic arch, ascending aorta, descending aorta and left ventricle were delineated. Bland-Altman analyses were performed to assess the bias (mean difference) and variability (1.96 times the standard deviation of the differences) between IDBC and SDBC. RESULTS Overall, the activity concentration obtained from the IDBC was lower than from the SDBC. When comparing IDBC with SDBC, variability was smallest for the ascending aorta (20.3% and 17.0% for 89Zr-cetuximab and 89Zr-durvalumab, respectively). Variability for the other regions ranged between 17.9 and 30.8%. Bias for the ascending aorta was - 10.9% and - 11.4% for 89Zr-cetuximab and 89Zr-durvalumab, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Image-derived blood concentrations should be obtained from delineating the ascending aorta in 89Zr-immuno-PET scans, as this results in the lowest variability with respect to sample-derived blood concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Wijngaarden
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Amina Ahbari
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna E E Pouw
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henri N J M Greuter
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Idris Bahce
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben J C Zwezerijnen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle J Vugts
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guus A M S van Dongen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Willemien Menke-van der Houven van Oordt
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C Huisman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Triebelhorn J, Schneider J, Spinner CD, Iakoubov R, Voit F, Wagner L, Erber J, Rothe K, Berthele A, Pernpeintner V, Strauß EM, Renders L, Willmann A, Minic M, Vogel E, Christa C, Hoffmann D, Protzer U, Jeske SD. Clinical and immunological outcomes of SARS-CoV-2-infected vaccine responders, vaccine non-responders, and unvaccinated patients evaluated for neutralizing monoclonal antibody treatment at a single German tertiary care center: a retrospective cohort study with prospective follow-up. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-023-02171-z. [PMID: 38305828 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assessed the clinical and immunological outcomes of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with risk factors for severe disease depending on their immunological status. METHODS In this retrospective study with single follow-up visit, clinical outcome and humoral immunity was monitored in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients at risk. The results were compared based on the patients' initial immunological status: unvaccinated (UV), patients who did not develop neutralizing antibodies after vaccination (vaccine non-responders, VNR), and patients who expressed neutralizing antibodies after vaccination (vaccine responders, VR). Patients who lacked neutralizing antibodies (VNR and UV) were treated with nMABs. RESULTS In total, 113 patients at risk of severe COVID-19 consented to participate in the study. VR and UV were not admitted to the hospital. During the observation period, UVs had the highest rate of SARS-CoV-2 re-infections. Three of 41 VNRs (7.3%) were hospitalized due to severe COVID-19, with two of them having undergone iatrogenic B-cell depletion. The humoral immune response after infection was significantly lower in the VNR group than in the VR group in terms of anti-N, anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD), anti-S antibody titers, and anti-S antibody avidity. In a sub-analysis of VNR, B cell-deficient non-responders had significantly lower levels of anti-N antibodies and anti-S avidity after infection than other VNRs. CONCLUSION VNR, particularly B-cell-depleted VNR, remained at risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19. In the VR group, however, no clinical complications or severe disease were observed, despite not receiving nMAbs. Tailoring the administration of nMABs according to patient vaccination and immunological status may be advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Triebelhorn
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - J Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - C D Spinner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - R Iakoubov
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - F Voit
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - L Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - J Erber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - K Rothe
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Berthele
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - V Pernpeintner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - E-M Strauß
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - L Renders
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A Willmann
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Centre Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Minic
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Centre Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - E Vogel
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Centre Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Christa
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Centre Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - D Hoffmann
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Centre Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - U Protzer
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Centre Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S D Jeske
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Centre Munich, Munich, Germany
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Hailstock T, Dai C, Aquino J, Walker KE, Chick S, Manirarora JN, Suresh R, Patil V, Renukaradhya GJ, Sullivan YB, LaBresh J, Lunney JK. Production and characterization of anti-porcine CXCL10 monoclonal antibodies. Cytokine 2024; 174:156449. [PMID: 38141459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Research on C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) has been widely reported for humans and select animal species, yet immune reagents are limited for pig chemokines. Our goal is to provide veterinary immunologists and the biomedical community with new commercial immune reagents and standardized assays. Recombinant porcine CXCL10 (rPoCXCL10) protein was produced by yeast expression and used to generate a panel of α CXCL10 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). All mAbs were assessed for cross-inhibition and reactivity to orthologous yeast expressed CXCL10 proteins. Characterization of a panel of nine α PoCXCL10 mAbs identified six distinct antigenic determinants. A sensitive quantitative sandwich ELISA was developed with anti-PoCXCL10-1.6 and -1.9 mAb; reactivity was verified with both rPoCXCL10 and native PoCXCL10, detected in supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with rPoIFNγ or PMA/Ionomycin. Immunostaining of in vitro rPoIFNγ stimulated pig spleen and blood cells verified CXCL10 + cells as CD3-CD4-CD172+, with occasional CD3-CD4 + CD172 + subsets. Comparison studies determined that α PoCXCL10-1.4 mAb was the ideal mAb clone for intracellular staining, whereas with α PoCXCL10-1.1 and -1.2 mAbs were best for immunohistochemistry analyses. These techniques and tools will be useful for evaluating swine immune development, responses to infectious diseases and vaccines, as well as for improving utility of pigs as an important biomedical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Hailstock
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Chaohui Dai
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA; Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jovan Aquino
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Kristen E Walker
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Shannon Chick
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Jean N Manirarora
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Raksha Suresh
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Veerupaxagouda Patil
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Joan K Lunney
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD, USA.
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Phinyo P, Krikeerati T, Vichara-Anont I, Thongngarm T. Efficacy and Safety of Biologics for Oral Corticosteroid-Dependent Asthma: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2024; 12:409-420. [PMID: 37972921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A maintenance oral corticosteroid (OCS) in addition to high-dose inhaled corticosteroids plus long-acting β2-agonists in patients with severe asthma leads to long-term adverse events. Oral corticosteroid-sparing agents are of high priority. OBJECTIVE This network meta-analysis assessed biologics' comparative efficacy and safety in OCS-dependent patients with asthma. METHODS We performed a systematic search through PubMed, Scopus, Embase, the Cochrane Center of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar for randomized controlled trials that addressed the efficacy and safety of biologics compared with placebo in OCS-dependent patients with asthma from inception to July 2023. The primary outcome was an overall reduction in the OCS dose while asthma control was maintained. RESULTS We included seven randomized controlled trials involving 1,052 OCS-dependent patients with asthma. Compared with placebo, benralizumab every 8 weeks, benralizumab every 4 weeks, dupilumab, and mepolizumab were efficacious in achieving a reduction in the OCS dose with low to moderate confidence (odds ratio [95% CI]: 4.12 [2.22-7.64]; 4.09 [2.22-7.55]; 3.25 [1.90-5.55]; and 2.39 [1.25-4.57], respectively) whereas tralokinumab, tezepelumab, and subcutaneous reslizumab were ineffective. An indirect comparison found no significant differences among benralizumab, dupilumab, and mepolizumab. Efficacy in reducing exacerbations was consistent with the primary analysis. High baseline blood eosinophil counts benefit from anti-IL-5 therapies, whereas high FeNO levels favor dupilumab regardless of blood eosinophil counts. Adverse events between biologics and placebo were comparable, except for eosinophilia with dupilumab. CONCLUSIONS In OCS-dependent patients with asthma, benralizumab, dupilumab, and mepolizumab were superior to placebo in reducing the OCS dose. Evaluating baseline biomarkers helps in choosing the proper biologics to maximize treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phichayut Phinyo
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanachit Krikeerati
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Irin Vichara-Anont
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Torpong Thongngarm
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Wang A, Liu N, Zhao J, Niu Y, Chen Y, Zhou J, Liu E, Zhang G. Development of a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid detection of VZV. J Virol Methods 2024; 324:114874. [PMID: 38154579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is the pathogen of varicella and herpes zoster, it is necessary to develop a rapid, sensitive and specific detection method for the prevention and control of related diseases. METHODS We inserted the gB protein extracellular region gene (gB-ex, 1-2208 bp) of VZV into lentivirus vector, and then obtained the recombinant gB protein through mammalian expression system. BALB/c mice were immunized multiple times with purified gB protein as immunogen. Then four strains of high affinity monoclonal antibodies targeting gB protein were prepared by cell fusion technique. Monoclonal antibodies 5G4 and HRP-4E9 were selected as capture and detection antibodies respectively, and a double-antibody sandwich ELISA method was established for detection. RESULTS The detection limit of the DAS-ELISA was 156 PFU/mL, and there was no cross-reaction with Herpes simplex virus-1/Herpes simplex virus-2/Pseudorabies virus. The coefficients of variation of intra-assay and inter-assay repeatability were less than 5%. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) was established for the detection of VZV. The assay has good sensitivity, specificity and repeatability, which provides strong technical support and product guarantee for the rapid clinical detection of VZV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Wang
- Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan, China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Yan Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan, China
| | - Jingming Zhou
- Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan, China
| | - Enping Liu
- Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan, China; School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China.
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46
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Chen X, Chen LJ, Peng XF, Deng L, Wang Y, Li JJ, Guo DL, Niu XH. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy for colorectal cancer: Clinical implications and future considerations. Transl Oncol 2024; 40:101851. [PMID: 38042137 PMCID: PMC10701436 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer in the world. The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays a crucial role in modulating immune response to cancer, and PD-L1 expression has been observed in tumor and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment of CRC. Thus, immunotherapy drugs, specifically checkpoint inhibitors, have been developed to target the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 and restoring T-cell function in cancer cells. However, the emergence of resistance mechanisms can reduce the efficacy of these treatments. To counter this, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been used to improve the efficacy of CRC treatments. mAbs such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab are currently approved for CRC treatment. These antibodies impede immune checkpoint receptors, including PD-1/PD-L1, and their combination therapy shows promise in the treatment of advanced CRC. This review presents a concise overview of the use of the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade as a therapeutic strategy for CRC using monoclonal antibodies and combination therapies. Additionally, this article outlines the function of PD-1/PD-L1 as an immune response suppressor in the CRC microenvironment as well as the potential advantages of administering inflammatory agents for CRC treatment. Finally, this review analyzes the outcomes of clinical trials to examine the challenges of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province 511518, China
| | - Ling-Juan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province 511518, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province 511518, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province 511518, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province 511518, China
| | - Jiu-Jiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province 511518, China
| | - Dong-Li Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province 511518, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong Province 511518, China.
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47
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Han Y, Yu Y, Miao D, Zhou M, Zhao J, Shao Z, Jin R, Le X, Li W, Xia Y. Targeting MET in NSCLC: An Ever-Expanding Territory. JTO Clin Res Rep 2024; 5:100630. [PMID: 38361739 PMCID: PMC10867448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2023.100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
MET protooncogene (MET) alterations are known driver oncogenes in NSCLC. Since the identification of MET as a potential therapeutic target, extensive clinical trials have been performed. As a result, MET-targeted therapies, including MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and MET antibody-drug conjugates now play important roles in the standard treatment of MET-altered NSCLC; they have considerably improved the outcomes of patients with tumors that harbor MET oncogenic drivers. Although clinical agents are currently available and numerous other options are in development, particular challenges in the field require attention. For example, the therapeutic efficacy of each drug remains unsatisfactory, and concomitantly, the resistance mechanisms are not fully understood. Thus, there is an urgent need for optimal drug sequencing and combinations, along with a thorough understanding of treatment resistance. In this review, we describe the current landscape of pertinent clinical trials focusing on MET-targeted strategies and discuss future developmental directions in this rapidly expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Miao
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhehua Shao
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuning Le
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Loaiza RA, Ramírez RA, Sepúlveda-Alfaro J, Ramírez MA, Andrade CA, Soto JA, González PA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. A molecular perspective for the development of antibodies against the human respiratory syncytial virus. Antiviral Res 2024; 222:105783. [PMID: 38145755 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the leading etiologic agent causing respiratory infections in infants, children, older adults, and patients with comorbidities. Sixty-seven years have passed since the discovery of hRSV, and only a few successful mitigation or treatment tools have been developed against this virus. One of these is immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies against structural proteins of the virus, such as Palivizumab, the first prophylactic approach approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the USA. In this article, we discuss different strategies for the prevention and treatment of hRSV infection, focusing on the molecular mechanisms against each target that underly the rational design of antibodies against hRSV. At the same time, we describe the latest results regarding currently approved therapies against hRSV and the challenges associated with developing new candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Loaiza
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Robinson A Ramírez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Javiera Sepúlveda-Alfaro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Mario A Ramírez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Catalina A Andrade
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Jorge A Soto
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
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49
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Sampathkumar K, Kerwin BA. Roadmap for Drug Product Development and Manufacturing of Biologics. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:314-331. [PMID: 37944666 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic biology encompasses different modalities, and their manufacturing processes may be vastly different. However, there are many similarities that run across the different modalities during the drug product (DP) development process and manufacturing. Similarities include the need for Quality Target Product Profile (QTTP), analytical development, formulation development, container/closure studies, drug product process development, manufacturing and technical requirements set out by numerous regulatory documents such as the FDA, EMA, and ICH for pharmaceuticals for human use and other country specific requirements. While there is a plethora of knowledge on studies needed for development of a drug product, there is no specific guidance set out in a phase dependent manner delineating what studies should be completed in alignment with the different phases of clinical development from pre-clinical through commercialization. Because of this reason, we assembled a high-level drug product development and manufacturing roadmap. The roadmap is applicable across the different modalities with the intention of providing a unified framework from early phase development to commercialization of biologic drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Sampathkumar
- SSK Biosolutions LLC, 14022 Welland Terrace, North Potomac, MD 20878, USA; Currently at Invetx, Inc., One Boston Place, Suite 3930, 201 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02108, USA
| | - Bruce A Kerwin
- Kerwin BioPharma Consulting LLC, 14138 Farmview Ln NE, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA; Coriolis Scientific Advisory Board, Coriolis Pharma, Fraunhoferstr. 18 b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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50
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Weinfurter JT, Bennett SN, Reynolds MR. A SMART method for isolating monoclonal antibodies from individual rhesus macaque memory B cells. J Immunol Methods 2024; 525:113602. [PMID: 38103783 PMCID: PMC10842827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing antigen-specific B cells is a critical component of vaccine and infectious disease studies in rhesus macaques (RMs). However, it is challenging to capture immunoglobulin variable (IgV) genes from individual RM B cells using 5' multiplex (MTPX) primers in nested PCR reactions. In particular, the diversity within RM IgV gene leader sequences necessitates large 5' MTPX primer sets to amplify IgV genes, decreasing PCR efficiency. To address this problem, we developed a switching mechanism at the 5' ends of the RNA transcript (SMART)-based method for amplifying IgV genes from single RM B cells to capture Ig heavy and light chain pairs. We demonstrate this technique by isolating simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) envelope-specific antibodies from single-sorted RM memory B cells. This approach has several advantages over existing methods for cloning antibodies from RMs. First, optimized PCR conditions and SMART 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) reactions generate full-length cDNAs from individual B cells. Second, it appends synthetic primer binding sites to the 5' and 3' ends of cDNA during synthesis, allowing for PCR amplification of low-abundance antibody templates. Third, the nested PCR primer mixes are simplified by employing universal 5' primers, eliminating the need for complex 5' MTPX primer sets. We anticipate this method will enhance the isolation of antibodies from individual RM B cells, supporting the genetic and functional characterization of antigen-specific B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Weinfurter
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Sarah N Bennett
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Matthew R Reynolds
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States of America.
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