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Goto T, Chong Y, Tani N, Susai N, Yoshinaga T, Sasaki T, Taniguchi M, Kusakabe T, Shimono N, Akashi K, Ikematsu H. Distinct features of SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity against Omicron breakthrough infection. Vaccine 2023; 41:7019-7025. [PMID: 37858449 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 Omicron breakthrough infection (Omicron-BTI) after vaccination has been frequently observed. A more detailed understanding of the humoral immunity against Omicron-BTI is required. METHODS We measured strain-specific live-virus based neutralizing activity, anti-spike IgG, and anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG titers in individuals with Omicron/BA.1-BTI and directly compared them with controls with diverse combinations of wild-type (WT) mRNA vaccination and infection history. RESULTS Omicron-BTI individuals showed markedly higher neutralizing titers against all the WT, Delta, and Omicron strains in convalescent sera, compared with unvaccinated Omicron-infection individuals with only Omicron neutralizing activity. Similar tendencies were found in strain-specific anti-spike and anti-RBD IgG titers. The Omicron-specificity (BA.1/WT neutralizing ratio), Omicron-neutralizing efficiency per antibody unit, and anti-Omicron RBD-directivity of anti-spike antibodies in Omicron-BTI individuals were all significantly lower than those in unvaccinated Omicron-infection individuals, but they were equivalent to or higher than those in uninfected vaccinees. The induction of Omicron-specific neutralizing activity after Omicron-BTI was not weakened for eight months from the last vaccination. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that cross-reactive vaccine-induced immunity was intensively stimulated following Omicron breakthrough infection, which contributed to Omicron neutralization. Measuring SARS-CoV-2 variant-specific antibody levels as well as neutralizing activity is useful for evaluating humoral immunity after breakthrough infection in the current situation of antigenic gaps between vaccinated and epidemic (Omicron sub-lineages) strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeyuki Goto
- Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (The First Department of Internal Medicine), Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yong Chong
- Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (The First Department of Internal Medicine), Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Naoki Tani
- Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (The First Department of Internal Medicine), Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Natsumi Susai
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Yoshinaga
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Sasaki
- R&D Department, KAICO Ltd., Fukuoka, Japan; Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Takahiro Kusakabe
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimono
- Center for the Study of Global Infection, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences (The First Department of Internal Medicine), Fukuoka, Japan
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Ziegler L, Klemis V, Schmidt T, Schneitler S, Baum C, Neumann J, Becker SL, Gärtner BC, Sester U, Sester M. Differences in SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral and cellular immune responses after contralateral and ipsilateral COVID-19 vaccination. EBioMedicine 2023; 95:104743. [PMID: 37574375 PMCID: PMC10505826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual doses of dual-dose vaccine-regimens are sequentially administered into the deltoid muscle, but little attention has so far been paid to the immunological effects of choosing the ipsilateral or the contralateral side for the second dose. METHODS In an observational study, 303 previously naive individuals were recruited, who received the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 on either the ipsilateral (n = 147) or the contralateral side (n = 156). Spike-specific IgG, IgG-avidity, and neutralizing antibodies were quantified using ELISA and a surrogate assay 2 weeks after dose 2. A subgroup of 143 individuals (64 ipsilateral, 79 contralateral) was analysed for spike-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cells using flow-cytometry. FINDINGS Median spike-specific IgG-levels did not differ after ipsilateral (4590 (IQR 3438) BAU/ml) or contralateral vaccination (4002 (IQR 3524) BAU/ml, p = 0.106). IgG-avidity was also similar (p = 0.056). However, neutralizing activity was significantly lower after contralateral vaccination (p = 0.024). Likewise, median spike-specific CD8 T-cell levels were significantly lower (p = 0.004). Consequently, the percentage of individuals with detectable CD8 T-cells was significantly lower after contralateral than after ipsilateral vaccination (43.0% versus 67.2%, p = 0.004). Spike specific CD4 T-cell levels were similar in both groups, but showed significantly higher CTLA-4 expression after contralateral vaccination (p = 0.011). These effects were vaccine-specific, as polyclonally stimulated T-cell levels did not differ. INTERPRETATION Both ipsilateral and contralateral vaccination induce a strong immune response, but secondary boosting is more pronounced when choosing vaccine administration-routes that allows for drainage by the same lymph nodes used for priming. Higher neutralizing antibody activity and higher levels of spike-specific CD8 T-cells may have implications for protection from infection and severe disease and support general preference for ipsilateral vaccination. FUNDING Financial support was provided in part by the State chancellery of the Saarland to M.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ziegler
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Verena Klemis
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Tina Schmidt
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Sophie Schneitler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Christina Baum
- Occupational Health Care Center, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Neumann
- Department of Occupational Health, Robert Bosch GmbH, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sören L Becker
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Barbara C Gärtner
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Urban Sester
- Department of Nephrology, SHG-Klinikum Völklingen, 66333 Völklingen, Germany
| | - Martina Sester
- Department of Transplant and Infection Immunology, Saarland University, Germany.
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3
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Kakugawa T, Doi K, Ohteru Y, Kakugawa H, Oishi K, Kakugawa M, Hirano T, Mimura Y, Matsunaga K. Kinetics of COVID-19 mRNA primary and booster vaccine-associated neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in long-term care facility residents: a prospective longitudinal study in Japan. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:42. [PMID: 37592283 PMCID: PMC10433614 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a threat to vulnerable populations such as long-term care facility (LTCF) residents, who are often older, severely frail, and have multiple comorbidities. Although associations have been investigated between COVID-19 mRNA vaccine immunogenicity, durability, and response to booster vaccination and chronological age, data on the association of clinical factors such as performance status, nutritional status, and underlying comorbidities other than chronological age are limited. Here, we evaluated the anti-spike IgG level and neutralizing activity against the wild-type virus and Delta and Omicron variants in the sera of LTCF residents, outpatients, and healthcare workers before the primary vaccination; at 8, 12, and 24 weeks after the primary vaccination; and approximately 3 months after the booster vaccination. This 48-week prospective longitudinal study was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (Trial ID: UMIN000043558). RESULTS Of 114 infection-naïve participants (64 LTCF residents, 29 outpatients, and 21 healthcare workers), LTCF residents had substantially lower anti-spike IgG levels and neutralizing activity against the wild-type virus and Delta variant than outpatients and healthcare workers over 24 weeks after the primary vaccination. In LTCF residents, booster vaccination elicited neutralizing activity against the wild-type virus and Delta variant comparable to that in outpatients, whereas neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant was comparable to that in outpatients and healthcare workers. Multiple regression analyses showed that age was negatively correlated with anti-spike IgG levels and neutralizing activity against the wild-type virus and Delta variant after the primary vaccination. However, multivariate regression analysis revealed that poor performance status and hypoalbuminemia were more strongly associated with a lower humoral immune response than age, number of comorbidities, or sex after primary vaccination. Booster vaccination counteracted the negative effects of poor performance status and hypoalbuminemia on the humoral immune response. CONCLUSIONS LTCF residents exhibited suboptimal immune responses following primary vaccination. Although older age is significantly associated with a lower humoral immune response, poor performance status and hypoalbuminemia are more strongly associated with a lower humoral immune response after primary vaccination. Thus, booster vaccination is beneficial for older adults, especially those with a poor performance status and hypoalbuminemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kakugawa
- Department of Pulmonology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, 755-8505, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Corporation WADOKAI Hofu Rehabilitation Hospital, Hofu, Japan.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan.
| | - Keiko Doi
- Department of Pulmonology and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-kogushi, 755-8505, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ohteru
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Corporation WADOKAI Hofu Rehabilitation Hospital, Hofu, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kakugawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Corporation WADOKAI Hofu Rehabilitation Hospital, Hofu, Japan
| | - Keiji Oishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kakugawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Corporation WADOKAI Hofu Rehabilitation Hospital, Hofu, Japan
| | - Tsunahiko Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mimura
- The Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Yamaguchi Ube Medical Center, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazuto Matsunaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
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4
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Asahi N, Sakamaki I, Hida Y, Torii K, Hashimoto N, Iwasaki H, Iwano M, Kimura H. Antibody level dynamics until after the third dose of COVID-19 vaccination. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17477. [PMID: 37361132 PMCID: PMC10284618 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibody titers of volunteers, including elderly people, were investigated after the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) as an mRNA vaccine against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Serum samples were collected from 105 volunteers (44 healthcare workers and 61 elderly people) 7-14 days after the second vaccine dose, and antibody titers were measured. The antibody titers of study participants in their 20s were significantly higher than those of other age groups. Furthermore, the antibody titers of participants aged <60 years were significantly higher than those of participants aged ≥60 years. Serum samples were repeatedly collected from 44 healthcare workers until after the third vaccine dose. Eight months after the second round of vaccination, the antibody titer levels decreased to the same level as that before the second vaccine dose. After the third booster vaccination, the antibody titer recovered to the same level as that after the second dose. Neutralizing activities were also investigated at four time points before and after the second vaccine dose. The antibody titers and neutralizing activity were positively correlated. Therefore, neutralizing activity can be predicted by measuring the antibody titer. In conclusion, the antibody titers in the elderly population were significantly lower than those in the younger population. Although the antibody titers increased following vaccination, their levels showed a decline after several months, returning to the same level as that after a single dose of mRNA vaccination. The antibody titer levels recovered after the third dose of vaccination, which had already been administered in Japan. Routine administration of vaccine should be considered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanae Asahi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Ippei Sakamaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yukio Hida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kunio Torii
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Norikazu Hashimoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Iwasaki
- Departmfent of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iwano
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hideki Kimura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
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5
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Chen L, Lu J, Wang R, Huang Y, Yu Y, Du P, Guo J, Wang X, Jiang Y, Cheng K, Zheng T, Yang Z. Humanization and characterization of a murine monoclonal neutralizing antibody against human adenovirus 7. Virology 2023; 583:36-44. [PMID: 37104921 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Human adenovirus type 7 (HAdV7) is commonly associated with febrile acute respiratory disease (ARD) outbreaks. We have reported that 10G12, a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) specifically recognizing and neutralizing HAdV7, is a promising candidate for humanization. In this study, we engineered the six variants of 10G12 with increased degree of humanization and investigated their biological activity. The humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) 10G12-M2 was shown to retain the parental antibody's high binding affinity, specificity and potent efficacy of viral suppression. The mAb 10G12-M2 recognized a conformational neutralization epitope of the hexon protein. Complex structure-based molecular docking simulation showed that the hexon protein formed several interactions with 10G12-M2, including hydrogen bonds and salt bridges interaction. Physicochemical properties analysis of 10G12-M2 demonstrated that it is stable and desirable lead candidate. In general, 10G12-M2 had excellent biological activity after humanization combined with the potential for use in prophylactic or therapeutic applications against HAdV7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jiansheng Lu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yunzhou Yu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Peng Du
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jiazheng Guo
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Kexuan Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Zhixin Yang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071, China.
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6
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Lin Y, Zhang W, Xie J, Xie Q, Li T, Wan Z, Shao H, Qin A, Ye J. A novel monoclonal antibody efficiently blocks the infection of duck adenovirus 3 by targeting Fiber-2. Vet Microbiol 2023; 277:109635. [PMID: 36563583 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Duck adenovirus 3 (DAdV-3), identified as the causative agent of a disease characterized by swelling and hemorrhage of liver and kidney, has caused substantial economic losses to duck industry in China. However, the neutralizing epitopes and the infection mechanism of DAdV-3 have not been extensively elucidated. In this study, a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting Fiber-2 protein of DAdV-3 was generated and designated as mAb 3E7. Indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that mAb 3E7 specifically reacted with the Fiber-2 in LMH cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-Fiber-2 or infected with DAdV-3. Moreover, mAb 3E7 could immunoprecipitate the Fiber-2 and efficiently inhibit the infection of DAdV-3 in vitro. Further epitope mapping revealed mAb 3E7 recognized the epitope 108LALGDGLE115 in Fiber-2, which was highly conserved among DAdV-3 strains. These findings not only identified a novel neutralizing epitope in Fiber-2, but also paved the way for further elucidating the vital roles of Fiber-2 in the infection and pathogenesis of DAdV-3.
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7
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Gupta K, Desai R, Jawade K, Jagtap DD, Modi D, Jain R, Dandekar P. Determination of functional similarity of biosimilar H9P2S from an investigational CHO clone with Adalimumab. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:315. [PMID: 36276478 PMCID: PMC9547763 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03384-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosimilars, which are replicas of innovator pharmaceuticals, constitute the most significant share of biopharmaceutical products. These products are associated with structural and manufacturing complexities and are hence considered as similar to innovator drugs. Adalimumab is a monoclonal antibody that has been approved by the US FDA for blocking TNF-α. Adalimumab, also known as Humira, is preferred over other anti-TNF-α mAbs because of its lower immunogenicity and enhanced clinical efficacy. As cost-effective mAb development is still a challenging area, we developed an in-house stable CHO-K1 cell line for the production of recombinant monoclonal mAb against TNF-α. This clone yielded H9P2S, as a biosimilar against TNF-α, for which several functional assays were conducted to prove its biosimilarity to Adalimumab. Two batches of H9P2S and their subsequent dilutions were compared with Adalimumab. H9P2S and Adalimumab showed highly similar TNF-α binding and neutralizing activities, confirming the suitability of our clone for yielding biosimilar drugs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03384-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019 India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019 India
| | - Ranjeet Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019 India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019 India
| | - Ketki Jawade
- Cellular and Structural Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, 400012 India
| | - Dhanashree D. Jagtap
- Cellular and Structural Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, 400012 India
| | - Deepak Modi
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, 400012 India
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019 India
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019 India
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8
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Ueno M, Iwata-Yoshikawa N, Matsunaga A, Okamura T, Saito S, Ashida S, Yoshida I, Nagashima M, Asakura H, Yaoita YI, Suzuki J, Sadamasu K, Yoshimura K, Kutsuna S, Shiwa-Sudo N, Nagata N, Suzuki T, Suzuki A, Okamoto M, Kimura M, Ohmagari N, Miura R, Ishizaka Y. Isolation of human monoclonal antibodies with neutralizing activity to a broad spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 viruses including the Omicron variants. Antiviral Res 2022;:105297. [PMID: 35341809 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody therapy is a promising option for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and a cocktail of antibodies (REGN-COV) has been administered to infected patients with a favorable outcome. However, it is necessary to continue generating novel sets of monoclonal antibodies with neutralizing activity because viral variants can emerge that show resistance to the currently utilized antibodies. Here, we isolated a new cocktail of antibodies, EV053273 and EV053286, from peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from convalescent patients infected with wild-type SARS-CoV-2. EV053273 exerted potent antiviral activity against the Wuhan wild-type virus as well as the Alpha and Delta variants in vitro, whereas the antiviral activity of EV053286 was moderate, but it had a wide-range of suppressive activity on the wild-type virus as well as the Alpha, Beta, Delta, Kappa, Omicron BA.1, and BA.2 variants. With the combined use of EV053273 and EV053286, we observed similar inhibitory effects on viral replication as with REGN-COV in vitro. We further assessed their activity in vivo by using a mouse model infected with a recently established viral strain with adopted infectious activity in mice. Independent experiments revealed that the combined use of EV053273 and EV053286 or the single use of each monoclonal antibody efficiently blocked infection in vivo. Together with data showing that these two monoclonal antibodies could neutralize REGN-COV escape variants and the Omicron variant, our findings suggest that the EV053273 and EV053286 monoclonal antibody cocktail is a novel clinically applicable therapeutic candidate for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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9
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Rayati Damavandi A, Dowran R, Al Sharif S, Kashanchi F, Jafari R. Molecular variants of SARS-CoV-2: antigenic properties and current vaccine efficacy. Med Microbiol Immunol 2022; 211:79-103. [PMID: 35235048 PMCID: PMC8889515 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-022-00729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An ongoing pandemic of newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 has puzzled many scientists and health care policymakers around the globe. The appearance of the virus was accompanied by several distinct antigenic changes, specifically spike protein which is a key element for host cell entry of virus and major target of currently developing vaccines. Some of these mutations enable the virus to attach to receptors more firmly and easily. Moreover, a growing number of trials are demonstrating higher transmissibility and, in some of them, potentially more serious forms of illness related to novel variants. Some of these lineages, especially the Beta variant of concern, were reported to diminish the neutralizing activity of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies present in both convalescent and vaccine sera. This could imply that these independently emerged variants could make antiviral strategies prone to serious threats. The rapid changes in the mutational profile of new clades, especially escape mutations, suggest the convergent evolution of the virus due to immune pressure. Nevertheless, great international efforts have been dedicated to producing efficacious vaccines with cutting-edge technologies. Despite the partial decrease in vaccines efficacy against worrisome clades, most current vaccines are still effective at preventing mild to severe forms of disease and hospital admission or death due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we summarize existing evidence about newly emerged variants of SARS-CoV-2 and, notably, how well vaccines work against targeting new variants and modifications of highly flexible mRNA vaccines that might be required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirmasoud Rayati Damavandi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Exceptional Talents Development Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Dowran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Exceptional Talents Development Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Al Sharif
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Reza Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. .,Hematology, Immune Cell Therapy, and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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10
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Zhang P, Li B, Wang Y, Min W, Wang X, Zhou Y, Li Z, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Jiang M, Zheng H, Yang C, Zhang W, Zuo L, Gao Q, Yang Z, Li Y, Feng T, Lin C, Hu Q, Song T, Yang R. Development and multi-center clinical trials of an up-converting phosphor technology-based point-of-care (UPT-POCT) assay for rapid COVID-19 diagnosis and prediction of protective effects. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:42. [PMID: 35114938 PMCID: PMC8811342 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative point-of-care testing assay for detecting antibodies is critical to COVID-19 control. In this study, we established an up-conversion phosphor technology-based point-of-care testing (UPT-POCT), a lateral flow assay, for rapid COVID-19 diagnosis, as well as prediction of seral neutralizing antibody (NAb) activity and protective effects. METHODS UPT-POCT was developed targeting total antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Using ELISA as a contrast method, we evaluated the quantitation accuracy with NAb and serum samples. Cutoff for serum samples was determined through 70 healthy and 140 COVID-19 patients. We evaluated the cross-reactions with antibodies against other viruses. Then, we performed multi-center clinical trials of UPT-POCT, including 782 patients with 387 clinically confirmed COVID-19 cases. Furthermore, RBD-specific antibody levels were detected using UPT-POCT and microneutralization assay for samples from both patients and vaccinees. Specifically, the antibodies of recovered patients with recurrent positive (RP) reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test results were discussed. RESULTS The ratios of signal intensities between the test and control bands on the lateral flow strip, namely, T/C ratios, was defined as the results of UPT-POCT. T/C ratios had excellent correlations with concentrations of NAb, as well as OD values of ELISA for serum samples. The sensitivity and specificity of UPT-POCT were 89.15% and 99.75% for 782 cases in seven hospitals in China, respectively. We evaluated RBD-specific antibodies for 528 seral samples from 213 recovered and 99 RP COVID-19 patients, along with 35 seral samples from inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccinees, and we discovered that the total RBD-specific antibody level indicated by T/C ratios of UPT-POCT was significantly related to the NAb titers in both COVID-19 patients (r = 0.9404, n = 527; ρ = 0.6836, n = 528) and the vaccinees (r = 0.9063, ρ = 0.7642, n = 35), and it was highly relevant to the protection rate against RP (r = 0.9886, n = 312). CONCLUSION This study reveals that the UPT-POCT for quantitative detection of total RBD-specific antibody could be employed as a surrogate method for rapid COVID-19 diagnosis and prediction of protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Baisheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Min
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yugui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhencui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanying Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Zuo
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Yang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiejian Feng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qinghua Hu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tie Song
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Chang CJ. Development and Evaluation of DNA Vaccine Against Salmonid Alphavirus. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2411:205-218. [PMID: 34816407 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1888-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite vaccination, pancreas disease (PD) caused by salmonid alphavirus (SAV) has been the economically most important virus disease in salmon farming in Ireland, Scotland, and Norway. A vaccine based on DNA plasmid has been authorized to be used in Norwegian aquaculture since 2018. DNA vaccination of plasmids expressed subcellular viral proteins have been shown its particular protective effect against SAV3 that surface expression of the E2 protein with the whole viral protein construct, yielding a more effective vaccine. The chapter describes methods to design and test the sublocalization of expressed viral protein and the performance evaluation of vaccines against SAV3 infection in Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Chang
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology, Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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12
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Cheng L, Song S, Zhou B, Ge X, Yu J, Zhang M, Ju B, Zhang Z. Impact of the N501Y substitution of SARS-CoV-2 Spike on neutralizing monoclonal antibodies targeting diverse epitopes. Virol J 2021; 18:87. [PMID: 33910569 PMCID: PMC8081001 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and rapid spread of the B.1.1.7 lineage (VOC-202012/01) SARS-CoV-2 variant has aroused global concern. The N501Y substitution is the only mutation in the interface between the RBD of B.1.1.7 and ACE2, raising concerns that its recognition by neutralizing antibodies may be affected. Here, we assessed the neutralizing activity and binding affinity of a panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies against the wild type and N501Y mutant SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and RBD protein, respectively. We found that the neutralization activity and binding affinity of most detected antibodies (10 out of 12) were unaffected, although the N501Y substitution decreased the neutralizing and binding activities of CB6 and increased that of BD-23. These findings could be of value in the development of therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuo Song
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangyang Ge
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiazhen Yu
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Ju
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China. .,Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-Infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China. .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China. .,Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-Infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China. .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China.
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13
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Nakamura M, Matsuzaki T, Iimori A, Sato A. Harnessing the chondroitin sulfate-binding characteristics of human lactoferrin to neutralize neurite outgrowth inhibition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:1076-1082. [PMID: 33129446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human lactoferrin (hLF) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding protein involved in various biological functions. It consists of two globular functional domains, referred to as the N- and C-lobes. Both heparin (HP) and heparan sulfate (HS) bind to the N-lobe domain of hLF. Although some biological functions of hLF such as neuroprotective effects and cancer growth inhibition are regulated by its binding to HS, the binding characteristics of hLF with other GAG subtypes, and their effects on biological activities are still poorly understood. Here, we report that hLF binds to chondroitin sulfate (CS)-E, a GAG subtype involved in various neurodegenerative diseases. The α-helical content of hLF, which is an indicator of changes in the secondary structure of hLF, increased in the presence of CS-C, CS-D, or CS-E, but not in the presence of HP, HS, CS-A, or CS-B. This structural change was also observed in the N-lobe, the N-terminal half region of the hLF. Additionally, the thermal stability of the N-lobe showed a dose-dependent improvement in the presence of CS-E, but not in the presence of HP. This indicates that the binding mode of hLF/N-lobe to CS-E may differ from that of HP. hLF was also found to neutralize CS-E-induced inhibition of neurite outgrowth and neuronal growth cone collapse, which are neurodegenerative responses to spinal cord injury, in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons. Thus, hLF is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of CS-E-induced neurodegenerative diseases such as spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Nakamura
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan; Department of Peptidomics, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, 2-2 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Takumi Matsuzaki
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan
| | - Ami Iimori
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan.
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14
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Yu PC, Tao XY, Wang LH, Tang Q, Fan LY, Zhang SX, Liu SQ, Lu XX, Wu GZ, Zhu WY. Establishment of a Chinese street rabies virus library and its application for detecting neutralizing activity. Infect Dis Poverty 2018; 7:117. [PMID: 30514379 PMCID: PMC6280407 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-018-0500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The injection of rabies immune globulin (RIG) is of the utmost importance in the management of category III exposures to rabies-suspect animals. Because of the high cost and limited availability of existing RIG, one possible replacement for RIG is monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the rabies virus (RABV). Consequently, it is necessary to determine the neutralizing activity of the MAbs against rabies viruses, especially street rabies virus. However, the method to detect the neutralizing activity of MAbs against street rabies virus remains undefined. Methods To establish a method for detecting the neutralizing activity of MAbs against street rabies virus, we constructed a library consisting of 12 strains of street RABV from 11 provinces in China. Using this street RABV library and the Reed–Muench formula, we established a method for detecting the neutralizing titer of the MAbs. The reliability and repeatability of the method were evaluated by repeatedly measuring the neutralizing activity of a MAb and a post vaccination serum. Results A total of 12 strains of street RABV were chosen for inclusion in the street RABV library, which covered six Chinese lineages (China I–China VI) and grew to high titers in N2A cells (> 105 FFD50/ml). On the basis of the library, we constructed the method to detect the neutralizing activity of the MAbs. The results of repeatedly measuring the MAbs and positive serum showed excellent reliability and repeatability of the method established in this study. Conclusions This study established a street RABV library reflecting the epidemiological features of Chinese rabies viruses, which provides a platform for detecting the neutralizing activity of MAbs against rabies viruses circulating in China. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-018-0500-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Li-Yun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shu-Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shu-Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xue-Xin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Gui-Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Wu-Yang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Ministry of Health, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
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15
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Zhou B, Xu L, Zhu R, Tang J, Wu Y, Su R, Yin Z, Liu D, Jiang Y, Wen C, You M, Dai L, Lin Y, Chen Y, Yang H, An Z, Fan C, Cheng T, Luo W, Xia N. A bispecific broadly neutralizing antibody against enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 with therapeutic potential. Antiviral Res 2018; 161:28-35. [PMID: 30419253 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) are the major pathogens of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), which affects children worldwide and is often associated with neurological complications. At present, there is no vaccine or cure available for simultaneous EV71 and CA16 infection, posing a great need to develop novel strategies for the treatment of this disease. Here, we engineered four bispecific antibodies using variable fragments of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from EV71- and CA16-specific neutralizing antibodies. The engineered bispecific antibody Bs(scFv)4-IgG-1 exhibits remarkable cross-reactivity against EV71 and CA16 and has a more potent cross-neutralization than its parental antibodies. Furthermore, we showed that Bs(scFv)4-IgG-1 conferred 100% therapeutic efficacy against single or mixed EV71 and CA16 infections in mice. Our study provides important insights into bispecific antibody engineering against enterovirus and will inform new curative treatment options for HFMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Longfa Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Jixian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Yangtao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Ruopeng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Zhichao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Dongxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Yichao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Can Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Min You
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Linlin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Yu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Yuanzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Haijie Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang An
- The Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Changfa Fan
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China.
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
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16
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Aoki-Utsubo C, Chen M, Hotta H. Virucidal and Neutralizing Activity Tests for Antiviral Substances and Antibodies. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2855. [PMID: 34285972 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In a narrow definition, virucidal activity represents the activity by which to interact with and physically disrupt viral particles. In a broad definition, it includes the activity by which to functionally inhibit (neutralize) viral infectivity without apparent morphological alterations of the viral particles. The viral infectivity can be measured in cell culture system by means of plaque assay, infectious focus assay, 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay, etc. Morphologically, disruption of viral particles can be demonstrated by negative staining electron microscopic analysis of viral particles. In this article, we describe methods to assess virucidal activity in a broad definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Aoki-Utsubo
- Department of International Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Vaccine and Drug Development, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hak Hotta
- Department of International Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Vaccine and Drug Development, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Faculty of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Konan Women's University, Kobe, Japan
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17
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Lee JK, Park Y. Anti-endotoxin mechanism of the KW4 peptide in inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LTA and drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 1630. Amino Acids 2018; 50:363-72. [PMID: 29238856 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug-resistant microorganism infections cause serious disease and can lead to mortality and morbidity. In particular, Staphylococcus aureus induces pyrogenic and toxigenic infections, and drug-resistance occurs rapidly. Multidrug-resistant S. aureus, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, can also cause immunodeficiency and immune deficiency syndrome from lipoteichoic acid. However, antimicrobial peptides, such as KW4, have strong antimicrobial activity, low cytotoxicity, and high neutralization activity against endotoxin substances from Gram-negative bacteria. The objective of this study was to use a synthetic KW4 antimicrobial peptide to evaluate the inhibition of drug-resistance development, antimicrobial activity, and neutralizing activity in S. aureus Gram-positive bacteria. The KW4 peptide showed strong antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant S. aureus strains and significantly increased the anti-neutralizing activity of lipoteichoic acid in S. aureus 1630 drug-resistant bacteria. In addition, S. aureus ATCC 29213 did not develop resistance to KW4 as with other antibiotic drugs. These results suggest that the KW4 peptide is an effective antibiotic and anti-neutralizing agent against multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains.
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18
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Song Q, Stone S, Drebes D, Greiner LL, Dvorak CMT, Murtaugh MP. Characterization of anti-porcine epidemic diarrhea virus neutralizing activity in mammary secretions. Virus Res 2016; 226:85-92. [PMID: 27287711 PMCID: PMC7126973 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Colostrum uptake is important for early establishment of lactogenic immunity. Neutralizing activity in milk and colostrum is associated with anti-spike IgA. Sow milk is a continuous supply of IgA with neutralizing activity. Temporal patterns of neutralizing antibody production in milk are variable.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes a severe clinical enteric disease in suckling neonates with up to 100% mortality, resulting in devastating economic losses to the pork industry in recent years. Maternal immunity via colostrum and milk is a vital source to neonates of passive protection against diarrhea, dehydration and death caused by PEDV. Comprehensive information on neutralizing activity (NA) against PEDV in mammary secretions is critically important for assessing the protective capacity of sows. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to characterize anti-PEDV neutralizing activity in mammary secretions. Anti-PEDV NA was present in colostrum, milk and serum from PEDV-infected sows as determined both by immunofluorescence and ELISA-based neutralizing assays, with neutralization levels higher in colostrum and milk than in serum. The highest NA was observed in colostrum on day 1, and decreased rapidly in milk at day 3, then gradually declined from day 3 to day 19 post-farrowing. Notably, the NA in mammary secretions showed various patterns of decline over time of lactation that may contribute to variation in sow protective capacities. The kinetics of NA decline were associated with total IgA and IgG antibody levels. Neutralizing activity significantly correlated with specific IgA primarily to spike domain 1 (S1) and domain 2 (S2) proteins of PEDV rather than to specific IgG in colostrum. Subsequently, the NA in milk was mainly related to specific IgA to S1 and S2 during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinye Song
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States.
| | - Suzanne Stone
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Donna Drebes
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Laura L Greiner
- Carthage Innovative Swine Solutions, LLC, Carthage, IL, United States
| | - Cheryl M T Dvorak
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Michael P Murtaugh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States.
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19
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Chen Y, Bai Y, Guo X, Wang W, Zheng Q, Wang F, Sun D, Li D, Ren G, Yin J. Selection of affinity-improved neutralizing human scFv against HBV PreS1 from CDR3 VH/VL mutant library. Biologicals 2016; 44:271-275. [PMID: 27255707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A CDR3 mutant library was constructed from a previously isolated anti-HBV neutralizing Homo sapiens scFv-31 template by random mutant primers PCR. Then the library was displayed on the inner membrane surface in Escherichia coli periplasmic space. Seven scFv clones were isolated from the mutant library through three rounds of screening by flow cytometry. Competition ELISA assay indicates that isolated scFv fragments show more efficient binding ability to HBV PreS1 compared with parental scFv-31. HBV neutralization assay indicated that two clones (scFv-3 and 59) show higher neutralizing activity by blocking the HBV infection to Chang liver cells. Our method provides a new strategy for rapid screening of mutant antibody library for affinity-enhanced scFv clones and the neutralizing scFvs obtained from this study provide a potential alternative of Hepatitis B immune globulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanMin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yin Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China; The 211th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China.
| | - XiaoChen Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - WenFei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - FuXiang Wang
- Harbin Medical University, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dejun Sun
- Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Bio-vaccine Co., Ltd., Harbin, 150000, People's Republic of China.
| | - DeShan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - GuiPing Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - JieChao Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Pignanelli S, Pulcrano G, Iula VD, Shurdhi A. Anti-chlamydial IgG Neutralizing Ability in Nonzoonotic Atypical Community Acquired Respiratory Tract Infections. Indian J Microbiol 2015; 55:345-8. [PMID: 26063946 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-015-0527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a pathogenic agent, involved in various types of infection. This study has evaluated the ability of IgG antibodies in outpatient, with acute respiratory tract infections from C. pneumoniae, to neutralize in vitro purified elementary bodies of this bacterium, revealing a good neutralizing performance of IgG antibodies.
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Diotti RA, Mancini N, Clementi N, Sautto G, Moreno GJ, Criscuolo E, Cappelletti F, Man P, Forest E, Remy L, Giannecchini S, Clementi M, Burioni R. Cloning of the first human anti-JCPyV/VP1 neutralizing monoclonal antibody: epitope definition and implications in risk stratification of patients under natalizumab therapy. Antiviral Res 2014; 108:94-103. [PMID: 24909571 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
JC virus (JCPyV) has gained novel clinical importance as cause of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare demyelinating disease recently associated to immunomodulatory drugs, such as natalizumab used in multiple sclerosis (MS) cases. Little is known about the mechanisms leading to PML, and this makes the need of PML risk stratification among natalizumab-treated patients very compelling. Clinical and laboratory-based risk-stratification markers have been proposed, one of these is represented by the JCPyV-seropositive status, which includes about 54% of MS patients. We recently proposed to investigate the possible protective role of neutralizing humoral immune response in preventing JCPyV reactivation. In this proof-of-concept study, by cloning the first human monoclonal antibody (GRE1) directed against a neutralizing epitope on JCPyV/VP1, we optimized a robust anti-JCPyV neutralization assay. This allowed us to evaluate the neutralizing activity in JCPyV-positive sera from MS patients, demonstrating the lack of correlation between the level of anti-JCPyV antibody and anti-JCPyV neutralizing activity. Relevant consequences may derive from future clinical studies induced by these findings; indeed the study of the serum anti-JCPyV neutralizing activity could allow not only a better risk stratification of the patients during natalizumab treatment, but also a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to PML, highlighting the contribution of peripheral versus central nervous system JCPyV reactivation. Noteworthy, the availability of GRE1 could allow the design of novel immunoprophylactic strategies during the immunomodulatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Antonia Diotti
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicasio Mancini
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sautto
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Guisella Janett Moreno
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Criscuolo
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappelletti
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Petr Man
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Forest
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, UJF, Grenoble, France
| | - Louise Remy
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, UJF, Grenoble, France
| | - Simone Giannecchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Burioni
- Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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Jang KO, Park JH, Lee HH, Chung DK, Kim W, Chung IS. Expression and immunogenic analysis of recombinant polypeptides derived from capsid protein VP1 for developing subunit vaccine material against hepatitis A virus. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 100:1-9. [PMID: 24816194 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Three recombinant polypeptides, VP1-His, VP1-3N-His, and 3D2-His, were produced by Escherichia coli expression system. Recombinant VP1-His, VP1-3N-His, and 3D2-His were expressed as bands with molecular weights of 32, 38, and 30 kDa, respectively. These were purified by affinity chromatography using Ni-NTA Fast-flow resin and/or ion-exchange chromatography using DEAE-Sepharose Fast-flow resin. Intraperitoneal immunizations of recombinant polypeptides successfully elicited the productions of VP1-His, VP1-3N-His, and 3D2-His specific IgG antibodies (IgG subclass distribution of IgG1>IgG2a>IgG2b>IgG3) in sera and induced the secretions of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-6 in spleen cells. Sera from recombinant VP1-His-, VP1-3N-His-, and 3D2-His-immunized mice neutralized the propagation of HAV. The highest neutralizing activity was shown in sera from recombinant VP1-3N-His-immunized mice. These results suggest that recombinant VP1-3N-His can be a useful source for developing hepatitis A virus (HAV) subunit vaccine candidates.
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