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Elst L, Vreeburg MTA, de Vries HM, Vandermaesen K, Murphy T, Churchill J, Fallara G, Sanchez D, Falcone M, Garcia-Perdomo HA, Pettaway C, Hakenberg O, Johnstone P, Spiess PE, Muneer A, Sangar V, Parnham A, Ayres B, Watkin N, Brouwer OR, Albersen M. Corporal Skip Metastases in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Unknown and Distinct Pattern of Spread with Poor Prognosis. Eur Urol Oncol 2023:S2588-9311(23)00196-7. [PMID: 37813746 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is characterised by stepwise lymphatic dissemination. Skip metastases (SkMs) are rare metastases in the corpus cavernosum or spongiosum without continuity to the primary tumour or its resection site. OBJECTIVE To assess the distinct pattern of spread in SkM+ patients and the effect of SkM on prognosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with SkM+ PSCC at ten high-volume international referral centres between January 2006 and May 2022. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We evaluated histopathological data, primary lymph node (LN) staging, and metastatic spread. We included a cohort of patients matched for pT stage, LN status, and grade who did not have SkM (SkM-) to compare the SkM prognosis and predictive value for cancer-specific mortality (CSM). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Among the 63 SkM+ patients who met our inclusion criteria, the SkM diagnosis was synchronous in 54.0% and metastases were mostly located in the corpus cavernosum. SkM was symptomatic in 14% of cases, was detected on imaging in 32%, and was found incidentally on pathological examination in 27%. Fifty-one patients (81%) presented with positive LNs and 28 (44%) developed distant metastases. Seven patients (11%) presented with or developed distant metastasis without displaying any LN involvement. The 2-yr cancer-specific survival estimates were 36% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25-52%) for SkM+ and 66% (95% CI 55-80%) for matched SkM- patients (p < 0.001). On multivariable Cox regression analysis, SkM presence was an independent predictor for higher CSM (hazard ratio 2.05, 95% CI 1.06-4,12; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS PSCC-related SkM is associated with aggressive disease behaviour and poor survival outcomes. Palpation of the entire penile shaft is essential, and distant staging is recommended in patients suspected of having SkM owing to the tendency for distant metastatic spread. PATIENT SUMMARY We investigated outcomes for patients with cancer of the penis who had metastases in the tissues responsible for erection. We found that metastases in this location were associated with poor prognosis, even in the absence of more typical spread of cancer via the lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Elst
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Young Academic Urologists Working Group on Penile and Testis Cancer, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Manon T A Vreeburg
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hielke Martijn de Vries
- Young Academic Urologists Working Group on Penile and Testis Cancer, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Titus Murphy
- Penile Cancer Centre, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - James Churchill
- Department of Urology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Giuseppe Fallara
- Young Academic Urologists Working Group on Penile and Testis Cancer, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Male Genital Cancer Centre, Department of Urology, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University College London Hospitals, London, UK; Department of Urology, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Darren Sanchez
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marco Falcone
- Department of Urology, Molinette Hospital, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Herney Andres Garcia-Perdomo
- Division of Urology/Urooncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Curtis Pettaway
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oliver Hakenberg
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Johnstone
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Urology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Philippe E Spiess
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Urology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Asif Muneer
- Male Genital Cancer Centre, Department of Urology, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Vijay Sangar
- Department of Urology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Arie Parnham
- Department of Urology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Benjamin Ayres
- Penile Cancer Centre, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Nick Watkin
- Penile Cancer Centre, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Oscar R Brouwer
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Albersen
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Guo ZX, Zhao XL, Zhao ZY, Zhu QY, Wang ZY, Xu M. Malignant melanoma resection and reconstruction with the first manifestation of lumbar metastasis: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:3571-3577. [PMID: 37383908 PMCID: PMC10294206 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i15.3571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma (MM) has shown an increasing incidence worldwide, and a potential to metastasize to almost any part of the body. Clinically, MM with bone metastasis as the initial manifestation is extremely rare. Spinal metastatic MM can cause spinal cord or nerve root compression, resulting in severe pain and paralysis. Currently, the primary clinical treatments for MM are surgical resection in conjunction with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy.
CASE SUMMARY Here, we report the case of a 52-year-old male who presented to the clinic with progressive low back pain and limited nerve function. No primary lesion or spinal cord compression was detected from computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar vertebrae and positron emission tomography scan. A lumbar puncture biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of lumbar spine metastatic MM. Following surgical resection, the patient’s quality of life improved, symptoms were relieved, and comprehensive treatment was initiated, which prevented recurrence.
CONCLUSION Spinal metastatic MM is clinically rare, and may cause neurological symptoms, including paraplegia. Currently, the clinical treatment plan consists of surgical resection in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Guo
- Graduate School, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xue-Lin Zhao
- Graduate School, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zi-Yi Zhao
- Graduate School, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qing-Yan Zhu
- Graduate School, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- Graduate School, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Forth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
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Offermann A, Hupe MC, Joerg V, Sailer V, Kramer MW, Merseburger AS, Tharun L, Perner S. [Reports of prostate needle biopsies-what pathologists provide and urologists want]. Urologe A 2020; 59:461-8. [PMID: 32016505 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-020-01121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prostate biopsy report is key for risk stratification of prostate cancer patients and subsequent therapeutic decision-making. However, due to the inclusion of a multitude of additional parameters its interpretation is becoming more challenging. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine how urologists currently interpret prostate biopsy reports, in particular how they consider different histopathological parameters for therapy decision-making. MATERIALS AND METHODS A survey was sent to all urology practices in Germany with the help of the BDU (Berufsverband der Deutschen Urologen e. V.). In total, there were 106 complete responses that could be included for further analyses. RESULTS Most urologists consider the number of positive cores and relative tumor burden (%) per core as crucial for the assessment of tumor extension. In case of targeted biopsies, the majority of urologists prefers a separate statement of positive cores per random biopsy scheme and per region of interest, respectively. The core with the highest Gleason score is mostly the basis for therapy decision-making (versus the overall Gleason score). Proportion of Gleason 4 pattern also seems to be critical for prostate cancer management. Only half of the urologists demand reporting of the new ISUP/WHO (International Society of Urological Pathology/World Health Organization) grade groups. Additional parameters claimed are Ki67, prostate-specific membrane antigen status, presence of intraductal or neuroendocrine component of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS Our survey shows that there is no standardized reporting for prostate biopsies and that the interpretation of prostate biopsy reports varies among urologists. Further studies and guideline recommendations are necessary to establish a standardized reporting scheme for prostate biopsies.
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