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Demirtas B, Yanar K, Koenhemsi L, Erozkan Dusak N, Guzel O, Akdogan Kaymaz A. Tobacco smoke induces oxidative stress and alters pro-inflammatory cytokines and some trace elements in healthy indoor cats. Vet Res Forum 2023; 14:301-308. [PMID: 37383655 PMCID: PMC10298841 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2022.545424.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to assess oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines and some trace elements in healthy pet cats exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Forty healthy cats were included in this study. Cats were divided in two groups: Exposed to tobacco smoke (ETS; n = 20) and non-exposed to tobacco smoke (NETS; n = 20). Blood levels of cotinine, total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), protein carbonyl (PCO), advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP), total antioxidant status (TAS), copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT), total thiol (T-SH), interferon gamma (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), inter-leukin 2 (IL-2) and iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se) levels were measured. Hematological and biochemical parameters were also measured. Serum cotinine, TOS, OSI, PCO, AOPP and LOOH levels were higher, whereas TAS and Cu, Zn-SOD levels were lower in ETS group. In ETS group INF-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 levels were higher. The Cu level was higher in ETS group. Blood reticulocyte number, serum creatinine and glucose were higher in ETS group. It could be concluded that exposure to tobacco smoke in cats impaired the oxidant/antioxidant balance and potentially triggered the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berjan Demirtas
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Equine and Training Program, Vocational School of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Karolin Yanar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Lora Koenhemsi
- Department of Internal Medicine,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Nurcan Erozkan Dusak
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Ozlem Guzel
- Department of Surgery,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Alev Akdogan Kaymaz
- Department of Internal Medicine,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Türkiye;
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Makowska K, Martín J, Rychlik A, Aparicio I, Santos JL, Alonso E, Gonkowski S. Biomonitoring parabens in dogs using fur sample analysis - Preliminary studies. Sci Total Environ 2022; 807:150757. [PMID: 34619184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are widely used in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry and are widespread in the environment. As endocrine disruptors, parabens have adverse effects on living organisms. However, knowledge of the exposure of domestic animals to parabens is extremely scarce. Therefore, this study assessed the exposure level of dogs to three parabens commonly used in industry (i.e. methylparaben - MeP, ethylparaben - EtP and propylparaben - PrP) using fur sample analysis in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The presence of parabens has been noted in the samples collected from all dogs included in the study (n = 30). Mean concentrations of MeP, EtP and PrP in the fur of dogs were 176 (relative standard deviation - RSD = 127.48%) ng/g dry weight (dw), 48.4 (RSD = 163.64%) ng/g dw and 79.8 ng/g dw (RSD = 151.89%), respectively. The highest concentrations were found for MeP (up to 1023 ng/g dw). Concentrations of MeP and EtP in males were statistically higher than those in females (p < 0.05). Statistically significantly higher concentration levels of PrP in young animals (up to three years old) were also found. This is the first study concerning the use of fur samples to evaluate the exposure of domestic animals to parabens. The results indicate that an analysis of the fur may be a useful tool of paraben biomonitoring in dogs. The presence of parabens in the canine fur also suggests that these substances may play a role in veterinary toxicology. However, many aspects connected with this issue are not clear and require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Makowska
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Julia Martín
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrzej Rychlik
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Irene Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Santos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África, 7, E-41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sławomir Gonkowski
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
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Abstract
Salmonellosis is a global health problem, affecting approximately 1.3 billion people annually. Most of these cases are related to food contamination. However, although the majority of Salmonella serovars are pathogenic to humans, animals can be asymptomatic carriers of these bacteria. Nowadays, a wide range of animals is present in human households as pets, including reptiles, amphibians, dogs, cats, ornamental birds, and rodents. Pets contaminate the environment of their owners by shedding the bacteria intermittently in their feaces. In consequence, theyare thought to cause salmonellosis through pet-to-human transmission. Each Salmonella serovar has a different zoonotic potential, which is strongly regulated by stress factors such as transportation, crowding, food deprivation, or temperature. In this review, we summarize the latest reports concerning Salmonella-prevalence and distribution in pets as well as the risk factors and means of prevention of human salmonellosis caused by contact with their pets. Our literature analysis (based on PubMed and Google Scholar databases) is limited to the distribution of Salmonella serovars found in commonly owned pet species. We collected the recent results of studies concerning testing for Salmonella spp. in biological samples, indicating their prevalence in pets, with regard to clinical cases of human salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Dróżdż
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Rna Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Emil Paluch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Onder Z, Yildirim A, Pekmezci D, Duzlu O, Pekmezci GZ, Ciloglu A, Simsek E, Kokcu ND, Yetismis G, Ercan N, Inci A. Molecular identification and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. in farm and pet animals in Turkey. Acta Trop 2021; 220:105939. [PMID: 33932364 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A total of 1340 fresh fecal samples from farm and pet animals in Central Anatolia and the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey were investigated using a PCR assay targeting the SSU rRNA of Blastocystis sp. An overall Blastocystis sp. prevalence of 19.4% (183/940) was found in farm animals, including cattle, sheep, water buffaloes, and chickens. Fecal samples of dogs, cats, and horses were negative. The highest prevalence of Blastocystis sp. was found in sheep (38.2%) among the farm animals. The SSU rRNA sequence analysis revealed two animal-specific subtypes, including ST10 in cattle and sheep and ST14 in water buffaloes. The zoonotic subtype ST7 was identified in chickens. Our results indicated a high prevalence of animal-specific subtypes in livestock and zoonotic subtype ST7 in chickens, highlighting the potential risk of chickens for zoonotic transmission of Blastocystis in the research area. This study is the first large-scale evaluation of Blastocystis in animal hosts in Turkey, and contributes to the molecular epidemiology and genetics of Blastocystis. Our results should be considered by authorities as an indication of the zoonotic importance of Blastocystis sp. and the need for surveillance in public health intervention programs.
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Gomes LB, Paiva MT, Lisboa LO, Oliveira CSF, Garcia RCM, Soares DFM. Diagnosis of animal abuse: A Brazilian study. Prev Vet Med 2021; 194:105421. [PMID: 34246116 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to their intimate relationship with human beings, animals can experience abuse, especially in the family environment. Research on the variables involved in this topic is scarce in Latin America. The objective of this study was to identify the main types of animal abuse in Brazilian municipalities and to characterize animals and perpetrators in addition to identifying the socioeconomic factors associated with the incidents. The occurrences of animal abuse were analyzed from the records of the Police Station Specialized in Fauna Crimes Investigation Department of the Civil Police of Minas Gerais operating in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from September 2016 to September 2018. Events involving cruelty to animals were categorized as active maltreatment, while acts of omission, which refer to neglected animals, were categorized as passive maltreatment, defined according to sets of nutritional, health, behavioral, and comfort indicators. Cruel crimes were the most frequently registered (45.7 %, 101/221), with intoxication and aggression being the most common types. Active maltreatment generated more deaths compared to passive maltreatment (OR: 3.900, 95 % CI: 1.873-8.588, p<0.05). Regarding abuse, dogs were the most affected animals (59.7 %, 132/221), followed by felines (14.9 %, 33/221), equine (5.4 %, 12/221), birds (5.8 %, 13/221), poultry (2.7 %, 6/221), reptiles (2.2 %, 5/221), and other groups of animals (9.0 %, 20/221). Adults were the most frequently reported (55.2 %, 122/221) age of abused animals. Cats were the main cruelty victims, with the highest chance of death (OR: 6.829, 95 %CI: 2.916-16.696, p<0.05) and were those who suffered most from intoxication abuse (OR: 4.72, 95 % CI 1.585-14.996, p=0.001). The perpetrators of abuse were predominantly males (66.8 %, 137/205) aged between 40 and 59 years (38.6 %, 53/137). Perpetrators of committing animal cruelty were 3.57 times more likely to be male and 2.5 times more likely to have no college education. The perpetrators of animal abandonment had a 25 times greater chance of being between 18 and 24 years old compared to the category between 40 and 59 years old and perpetrators of animal intoxication had 5 times greater chance of being also between 18 and 24 years old. Among all victimized animals, dogs and cats were the most affected, probably due to their close relationships with humans. Understanding the profile of victims and suspects involved in neglect maltreatment and cruelty to animals is fundamental to the establishment of policies and strategies to prevent and restrain these activities.
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Chen CM, Tang HL, Chiou CS, Tung KC, Lu MC, Lai YC. Colonization dynamics of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the pet animals and human owners in a single household. Vet Microbiol 2021; 256:109050. [PMID: 33799228 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae resides in the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota of humans and animals. To characterize the population dynamics of GI-colonizing K. pneumoniae, we examined the clonality of K. pneumoniae isolates, which were longitudinally collected from the fecal samplings of a healthy married couple and their pet animals during Sep. 2015 to Oct. 2016. As revealed by XbaI-PFGE analysis, the K. pneumoniae populations detected in the male owner and in one of the dogs, consisted of clonally diverse K. pneumoniae isolates; whereas, a dominant clone persisted in the GI tract of the female owner who was prone to chronic diarrhea. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of a representative strain of this pathobiont clone revealed a sequence type (ST) 29 lineage with the carriage of KL54 cps locus and a 192,603 bp IncHIB-type virulence plasmid. After probiotics intervention, the pathobiont K. pneumoniae diminished. The vacant niche was transiently occupied by other clones of K. pneumoniae, one of which was also present in the male owner. Besides the dog, the fecal carriage of K. pneumoniae was also detected in a pet turtle. This turtle isolate was resistant to multiple antimicrobials, including carbapenems. Possible transmission of drug-resistant K. pneumoniae through human-pet bonds warrants our attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Research, China Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Shun Chiou
- Central Regional Laboratory, Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kwong-Chung Tung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chi Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Research, China Medical University, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chyi Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Chai MH, Sukiman MZ, Liew YW, Shapawi MS, Roslan FS, Hashim SN, Mohamad NM, Ariffin SMZ, Ghazali MF. Detection, molecular characterization, and antibiogram of multi-drug resistant and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from pets and pet owners in Malaysia. Iran J Vet Res 2021; 22:277-287. [PMID: 35126535 PMCID: PMC8806171 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2021.39586.5752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MDRSA) in animals and humans with continuous contact are a great zoonotic concern. AIMS This cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the carriage rate, genotypic characteristics, and to determine the antibiogram of S. aureus isolated from pets and pet owners in Malaysia. METHODS Nasal and oral swab samples from 40 cats, 30 dogs, and 70 pet owners were collected through convenient sampling. Presumptive colonies on mannitol salt agar were subjected to biochemical identification. S. aureus and MRSA were confirmed by PCR detection of nuc and mecA genes, respectively. Molecular profiles for antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in S. aureus were also determined. The antibiogram was carried out via Kirby-Bauer test using 18 antibiotics. RESULTS 17.5% of cats, 20% of dogs, and 27% of pet owners were S. aureus positive. MRSA was also detected in dogs, and pet owners. S. aureus isolates displayed high resistance against penicillin (72.7%), and amoxicillin/clavulanate (66.7%). 39.4% of S. aureus isolates showed multidrug-resistance traits, phenotypically. Molecular characterization of S. aureus revealed the presence of mecA, tetk, tetL, ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, scn, chp, sak, sep, and sea genes. CONCLUSION This study showed the emergence of MRSA and MDRSA in pets and pet owners in Malaysia. The antibiogram findings showed resistance of S. aureus to multiple antibiotics. Furthermore, molecular analysis of immune evasion cluster (IEC) strongly suggests the spread of animal-adapted S. aureus lineages among pets and pet owners.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Chai
- Ph.D. Student in Veterinary Public Health, School of Animal Science, Aquatic Science and Environment, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - M. Z. Sukiman
- Ph.D. Student in Veterinary Public Health, School of Animal Science, Aquatic Science and Environment, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Y. W. Liew
- BSc Student in Animal Production and Health, School of Animal Science, Aquatic Science and Environment, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - M. S. Shapawi
- BSc Student in Animal Production and Health, School of Animal Science, Aquatic Science and Environment, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - F. S. Roslan
- BSc Student in Animal Production and Health, School of Animal Science, Aquatic Science and Environment, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - S. N. Hashim
- BSc Student in Animal Production and Health, School of Animal Science, Aquatic Science and Environment, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - N. M. Mohamad
- Centralised Laboratory Management Centre, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - S. M. Z. Ariffin
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - M. F. Ghazali
- School of Animal Science, Aquatic Science and Environment, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia,Correspondence: M. F. Ghazali, School of Animal Science, Aquatic Science and Environment, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia. E-mail:
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Salajegheh Tazerji S, Magalhães Duarte P, Rahimi P, Shahabinejad F, Dhakal S, Singh Malik Y, Shehata AA, Lama J, Klein J, Safdar M, Rahman MT, Filipiak KJ, Rodríguez-Morales AJ, Sobur MA, Kabir F, Vazir B, Mboera L, Caporale M, Islam MS, Amuasi JH, Gharieb R, Roncada P, Musaad S, Tilocca B, Koohi MK, Taghipour A, Sait A, Subbaram K, Jahandideh A, Mortazavi P, Abedini MA, Hokey DA, Hogan U, Shaheen MNF, Elaswad A, Elhaig MM, Fawzy M. Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to animals: an updated review. J Transl Med 2020; 18:358. [PMID: 32957995 PMCID: PMC7503431 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in Wuhan (Hubei province, China) during late 2019. It has spread across the globe affecting nearly 21 million people with a toll of 0.75 million deaths and restricting the movement of most of the world population during the past 6 months. COVID-19 became the leading health, economic, and humanitarian challenge of the twenty-first century. In addition to the considerable COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in humans, several cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections in animal hosts (dog, cat, tiger, lion, and mink) have been reported. Thus, the concern of pet owners is increasing. Moreover, the dynamics of the disease requires further explanation, mainly concerning the transmission of the virus from humans to animals and vice versa. Therefore, this study aimed to gather information about the reported cases of COVID-19 transmission in animals through a literary review of works published in scientific journals and perform genomic and phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from animal hosts. Although many instances of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 have been reported, caution and further studies are necessary to avoid the occurrence of maltreatment in animals, and to achieve a better understanding of the dynamics of the disease in the environment, humans, and animals. Future research in the animal–human interface can help formulate and implement preventive measures to combat the further transmission of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Salajegheh Tazerji
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Phelipe Magalhães Duarte
- Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade de Cuiabá (UNIC), Primavera Do Leste, MT, Brazil
| | - Parastoo Rahimi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Santosh Dhakal
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awad A Shehata
- Research and Development Section, PerNaturam GmbH, 56290, Gödenroth, Germany.,Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Juan Lama
- RetroVirox, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jörn Klein
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Muhammad Safdar
- Department of Breeding and Genetics, Cholistan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Md Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | | | - Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales
- Grupo de Investigacion Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Md Abdus Sobur
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Farrokhreza Kabir
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Vazir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leonard Mboera
- Emerging and Vector-borne Diseases Program, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Marco Caporale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - John H Amuasi
- Global Health, and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Kumasi Collaborative Center for Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Rasha Gharieb
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia Province, Egypt
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sahar Musaad
- Kanad Hospital, Alain, P.O. Box 1016, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Bruno Tilocca
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mohammad Kazem Koohi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ahmet Sait
- Virology Department, Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, Ministry of Food and Forestry, 34890, Pendik-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kannan Subbaram
- Department of Preparatory (Biology), Al-Ghad International Colleges for Applied Medical Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alireza Jahandideh
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pejman Mortazavi
- Pathobiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Abedini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Unarose Hogan
- Infection Prevention and Control, Technical Unit, Americares, Stamford, UK
| | - Mohamed N F Shaheen
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elaswad
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Elhaig
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fawzy
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Samir A, Abdel-Moein KA, Zaher HM. Emergence of penicillin-macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes among pet animals: An ongoing public health threat. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 68:101390. [PMID: 31760363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes is an emerging problem with a great public health concern throughout the world. The current study was carried out in order to investigate the possible role of pet animals in the epidemiology of such pathogen. For this purpose, nasal or oral swabs were collected from 115 pets (40 dogs and 75 cats) with respiratory illness. The collected swabs were cultured for isolation and identification of S. pyogenes. Macrolide-resistant S. pyogenes strains were initially identified after antibiotic susceptibility testing of the all obtained S. pyogenes isolates, then the phenotypic and molecular identification were done using the double-disk test and the detection of macrolide resistance genes, respectively. Of the 115 examined pet animals, S. pyogenes was recovered from 11 (9.6 %), from which, the isolation rates among dogs and cats were 15 % and 6.7 %, respectively. Macrolide-resistant S. pyogenes was isolated from dogs and cats in the following rates 10 % and 5.3 %, respectively. All macrolide-resistant S. pyogenes strains were assigned to cMLS resistance phenotype while all of them carried ermB gene only, except one strain from a cat possessed both ermB and ermTR genes. The phylogenetic analysis of 4 ermB gene sequences showed high genetic relatedness with those carried by bacteria isolated from human cases to underline the public health impact of such strains. Seriously, all macrolide-resistant S. pyogenes strains were resistant to penicillin. The emergence of penicillin-macrolide resistant S. pyogenes among pet animals underscores not only an emerging veterinary pathogen, but also an ongoing public health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Samir
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Abdel-Moein
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hala M Zaher
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Karthikraj R, Lee S, Kannan K. Urinary concentrations and distribution profiles of 21 phthalate metabolites in pet cats and dogs. Sci Total Environ 2019; 690:70-75. [PMID: 31284197 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are widely used in several consumer products, including plastics, toys, cosmetics, and medical devices. Little is known about phthalate exposure in pet animals, however, even though they share an indoor environment with humans; this is the first study to measure such exposure. We measured 21 phthalate monoester metabolites (PhMs) in the urine of pet cats (n = 50) and dogs (n = 50) collected from New York State, USA. PhMs were widely detected in all samples, and 12 of 21 PhMs had detection frequencies (Dfs) >80%. The median urinary concentrations of total PhMs in pet cats and dogs were 630 ng/mL and 186 ng/mL, respectively. Monoethyl phthalate (mEP) was the most abundant compound in both cats and dogs. Phthalic acid (PA; a non-specific metabolite of phthalates) was found at very high concentrations in cats (median: 520 ng/mL). The estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) for major phthalates in pets showed that DEHP exposures in cats and dogs were only 2-fold less than the US Environmental Protection Agency suggested reference dose (RfD) for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendiran Karthikraj
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Sunmi Lee
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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11
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Karthikraj R, Kannan K. Widespread occurrence of glyphosate in urine from pet dogs and cats in New York State, USA. Sci Total Environ 2019; 659:790-795. [PMID: 31096409 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides in the United States, which has led to its ubiquitous occurrence in food and water and regular detection in human urine at concentrations of 1-10 μg/L. Data pertaining to health risks arising from the ingestion of glyphosate are limited and are the subject of much debate, which demands the need for more exposure information for this herbicide. Very little is known about glyphosate exposure in pets. In this study, we determined concentrations of glyphosate (Glyp) and its derivatives, methyl glyphosate (Me-Glyp) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), in urine collected from 30 dogs and 30 cats from New York State, USA. Glyp was the most predominant compound found in pet urine followed by AMPA and Me-Glyp. The mean urinary concentration of ∑Glyp (sum of Glyp + Me-Glyp + AMPA) in cats (mean: 33.8 ± 46.7 ng/mL) was 2-fold higher than that in dogs (mean: 16.8 ± 24.4 ng/mL). Cumulative daily intakes (CDI) of Glyp in dogs and cats estimated from the urinary concentrations were, on average, 0.57 and 1.37 μg/kg bw/d, respectively. The exposure doses were two to four orders of magnitude below the current acceptable daily intake (ADI) suggested by several international health organizations for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendiran Karthikraj
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Li Q, Li L, Tao W, Jiang Y, Wan Q, Lin Y, Li W. Molecular investigation of Cryptosporidium in small caged pets in northeast China: host specificity and zoonotic implications. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:2905-11. [PMID: 27107987 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study screened 151 pet-derived fecal specimens randomly collected from four commercial markets in northeast China for the presence of Cryptosporidium by genus-specific nested PCRs of the small subunit rRNA gene. Of these, 14 specimens (9.3 %) from nine species of birds, two types of rodents, and a hedgehog were positive for Cryptosporidium. Sequence analysis on the PCR-positive isolates facilitated identification of three Cryptosporidium species (C. baileyi, C. galli, and C. ubiquitum) and two Cryptosporidium genotypes (ferret genotype and avian genotype V). The study birds were affected predominantly with bird-specific C. baileyi (Atlantic canary, budgerigar, crested myna, rock dove, and silky fowl), C. galli (Chinese hwamei), and Cryptosporidium avian genotype V (Fischer's lovebird and rosy-faced lovebird). Cryptosporidium ferret genotype previously considered rodent-adapted was identified in three specimens from budgerigar, chipmunk, and red squirrel. Two specimens collected from common hill myna and hedgehog were positive for C. ubiquitum. The species of birds that can be colonized by Cryptosporidium were extended. Moreover, the data expanded the host range of Cryptosporidium ferret genotype and C. ubiquitum, especially the birds. The carriage of zoonotic C. ubiquitum in small caged pets is of public health importance.
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Guardabassi L, Larsen J, Weese JS, Butaye P, Battisti A, Kluytmans J, Lloyd DH, Skov RL. Public health impact and antimicrobial selection of meticillin-resistant staphylococci in animals. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2013; 1:55-62. [PMID: 27873579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections reported sporadically in companion animals and cattle in the 1970s were probably of human origin, the recently emerged livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains clearly have animal origins and their isolation from humans is usually associated with exposure to livestock and companion animals, respectively. LA-MRSA is primarily an occupational health risk to farm workers and veterinarians. The risk that this zoonotic agent may spread in the community is particularly acute in countries with high livestock production and low MRSA prevalence in the human population. MRSP is primarily a threat to animal health, and cases of human infection are rare but may be overlooked in diagnostic laboratories. There is no conclusive evidence of antimicrobial selection associated with the sudden emergence of LA-MRSA and MRSP. However, the rapid global spread of these bacteria has presumably been favoured by antimicrobial selective pressure. Tetracyclines, zinc and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (including extra-label use) are the most likely selective drivers implicated in the spread of LA-MRSA, whilst increased use of broad-spectrum β-lactams and fluoroquinolones, partly enhanced by extra-label use and the introduction of cheap generics, may have played an important role in the rapid dissemination of MRSP. Control of LA-MRSA and MRSP requires a dual approach aimed at reducing antimicrobial consumption and preventing transmission between animals and from animals to humans or vice versa. Restricted use of fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins in livestock, and national practice guidelines for rational antimicrobial use both in food and companion animals are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - J Larsen
- Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J S Weese
- Department of Pathobiology and Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - P Butaye
- CODA-CERVA, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Battisti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Regioni Lazio e Toscana, Rome, Italy
| | - J Kluytmans
- Amphia Hospital, Breda/Oosterhout, The Netherlands; VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D H Lloyd
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, UK
| | - R L Skov
- Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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