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Jeremias G, Muñiz-González AB, Mendes Gonçalves FJ, Martínez-Guitarte JL, Asselman J, Luísa Pereira J. History of exposure to copper influences transgenerational gene expression responses in Daphnia magna. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2296275. [PMID: 38154067 PMCID: PMC10761054 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2296275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of transgenerational effects following chemical exposure is a powerful phenomenon, capable of modulating ecosystem health beyond exposure periods. This study assessed the transgenerational effects occurring due to copper exposure in the invertebrate D. magna at the transcriptional level, while evaluating the role of exposure history on such responses. Thus, daphnids acclimated for several generations in a copper vs. clean medium were then exposed for one generation (F0) to this metal, and monitored for the following non-exposed generations (F1, F2 and F3). Organisms differing in exposure histories showed remarkably different transcriptional profiles at the F0, with naïve organisms being more profoundly affected. These trends were confirmed for F3 treatments, which presented different transcriptional patterns for genes involved in detoxification, oxidative stress, DNA damage repair, circadian clock functioning and epigenetic regulation. Furthermore, regardless of exposure history, a great number of histone modifier genes were always found transcriptionally altered, thus suggesting the involvement of histone modifications in the response of Daphnia to metal exposure. Lastly, remarkably distinct transgenerational transcriptional responses were found between naïve and non-naïve organisms, thereby highlighting the influence of exposure history on gene expression and confirming the capacity of metals to determine transgenerational transcriptional effects across non-exposed generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Jeremias
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana-Belén Muñiz-González
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Biology & Toxicology Group, Department of Mathematics, Physics, and Fluids, National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
- Biology & Toxicology Group, Department of Mathematics, Physics, and Fluids, National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jana Asselman
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Juchem CF, Corbellini VA, Horst A, Heidrich D. Infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics in transflectance mode: An alternative approach in the photodiagnosis of COVID-19 using saliva. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 312:124066. [PMID: 38428213 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has required the search for sensitive, rapid, specific, and lower-cost diagnostic methods to meet the high demand. The gold standard method of laboratory diagnosis is real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). However, this method is costly and results can take time. In the literature, several studies have already described the potential of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as a tool in the biomedical field, including the diagnosis of viral infections, while being fast and inexpensive. In view of this, the objective of this study was to develop an FTIR model for the diagnosis of COVID-19. For this analysis, all private clients who had performed a face-to-face collection at the Univates Clinical Analysis Laboratory (LAC Univates) within a period of six months were invited to participate. Data from clients who agreed to participate in the study were collected, as well as nasopharyngeal secretions and a saliva sample. For the development of models, the RT-PCR result of nasopharyngeal secretions was used as a reference method. Absorptions with high discrimination (p < 0.001) between GI (28 patients, RT-PCR test positive to SARS-CoV-2 virus) and GII (173 patients who did not have the virus detected in the test) were most relevant at 3512 cm-1, 3385 cm-1 and 1321 cm-1 after 2nd derivative data transformation. To carry out the diagnostic modeling, chemometrics via FTIR and Discriminant Analysis of Orthogonal Partial Least Squares (OPLS-DA) by salivary transflectance mode with one latent variable and one orthogonal signal correction component were used. The model generated predictions with 100 % sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. With the proposed model, in a single application of an individual's saliva in the FTIR equipment, results related to the detection of SARS-CoV-2 can be obtained in a few minutes of spectral evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calebe Fernando Juchem
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Valeriano Antonio Corbellini
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Andréa Horst
- Life Sciences Center, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiane Heidrich
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil.
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Mubeen M, Bakhtawar F, Iftikhar Y, Shakeel Q, Sajid A, Iqbal R, Aljowaie RM, Chaudhary T. Biological and molecular characterization of citrus bent leaf viroid. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28209. [PMID: 38586335 PMCID: PMC10998147 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Citrus bent leaf viroid (CBLVd) is one of the emerging and widely distributed viroids in citrus-growing areas of the world, including Pakistan. Previously, CBLVd has been reported in Pakistan for the first time in 2009. Therefore, characterization of CBLVd is required to monitor the viroid status in the citrus orchards concerning citrus decline. Methods Biological and molecular characterization of CBLVd was studied through biological indexing and confirmation through RT-PCR, followed by phylogenetic analysis of selected CBLVd isolates. Among four citrus cultivars viz., Kinnow (Citrus nobilis × Citrus deliciosa), Mosambi (C. sinensis), Futrell's Early (C. reticulata) and Lemon (C. medica) used as indicator plants for two transmission trials viz., graft inoculation and mechanical inoculation. Graft inoculation was more efficient than mechanical inoculation. Results Symptoms such as mild mosaic, slight backward leaf bending, and leaf curling were observed after eight months' post-inoculation. Citrus nobilis × Citrus deliciosa, C. reticulata and C. sinensis were more sensitive to CBLVd as compared to C. medica. Inoculated plants were reconfirmed through RT-PCR amplicons of 233 bp. The phylogenetic tree of submitted sequences showed more than 90% relevance of CBLVd in Pakistan compared to the rest of the world. Conclusions There was slight genetic variability, but more than 90% relevance was found among the submitted and already reported CBLVd isolate from Pakistan. Scanty literature is available regarding the biological and molecular studies of CBLVd in Pakistan. Therefore, the transmission and molecular characterization of CBLVd in Pakistan were studied for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustansar Mubeen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Faheema Bakhtawar
- Pest Warning & Quality Control of Pesticides, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Iftikhar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Qaiser Shakeel
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ashara Sajid
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Reem M. Aljowaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Chaudhary
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences 2100, Godollo, Hungary
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Finsterer J. When calculating COVID-19 incidence, mandatory PCR testing should be preferred over voluntary antigen testing. J Formos Med Assoc 2024:S0929-6646(24)00205-5. [PMID: 38614908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Neurology Dpt., Neurology & Neurophysiology Center, Vienna, Austria.
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Singh V, S B, Lalwani S, Singh R, Singh P, Datta K, Mohanty N, Poddar S, Sodani R, Saha M, Mitra M. Evaluation of Pertussis Disease in Young Infants in India: A Hospital-Based Multicentric Observational Study. Indian J Pediatr 2024; 91:358-365. [PMID: 37378885 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the incidence of laboratory-confirmed pertussis (LCP) among infants hospitalized with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and meeting the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-recommended clinical case definition. METHODS An investigator-initiated active surveillance for clinically suspected cases (CSCs) of pertussis screened infants aged ≤6 mo hospitalized with ARIs during January 2020-April 2022 at seven centers across India. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect Bordetella pertussis in nasopharyngeal swabs. Infants were classified as having 'LCP' or 'probable pertussis' (PP). RESULTS Among 1102 screened infants, 400 participants met the CDC-2020 clinical case definition for pertussis. Of these, 34/400 (8.5%) had LCP and 46/400 (11.5%) had PP. The proportion of participants with LCP and PP was similar among infants aged 0-3 and 4-6 mo [LCP: 0-3 mo, 21/248 (~9%); 4-6 mo, 13/152 (~9%); PP: 0-3 mo, 30/248 (~12%); 4-6 mo, 16/152 (~11%)]. Cough illness lasted ≥2 wk in 3/34 (~9%) and 34/46 (~74%) participants with LCP and PP, respectively. Notably, 80% CSCs had neither LCP nor PP, and a respiratory pathogen apart from B. pertussis was detected in ~32%. Ventilation was required in 12 participants with LCP/PP. CONCLUSIONS In this first study from India based on revised CDC guidelines, the incidence of LCP was 8.5%; cough illness was not a predominant feature. Infants below the age appropriate for vaccination are prone to pertussis-related hospital admissions, ICU care, and ventilation. Maternal immunization may be evaluated for neonatal protection, in addition to other strategies, to decrease disease burden in this highly vulnerable group. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CTRI/2019/12/022449.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Balasubramanian S
- Department of Pediatrics, Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharathi Vidyapeeth Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Raghvendra Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Priti Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Datta
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Nimain Mohanty
- Department of Pediatrics, MGM Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Sumon Poddar
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Child Health, Kolkata, India
| | - Ravitanaya Sodani
- Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Manipa Saha
- Department of Medical Affairs, Medclin Research Private Limited, Kolkata, India
| | - Monjori Mitra
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Child Health, 11 Biresh Guha Street, Kolkata, 700017, India.
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Priesterbach-Ackley LP, van Kuik J, Tops BBJ, Lasorella A, Iavarone A, van Hecke W, Robe PA, Wesseling P, de Leng WWJ. RT-PCR assay to detect FGFR3::TACC3 fusions in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded glioblastoma samples. Neurooncol Pract 2024; 11:142-149. [PMID: 38496910 PMCID: PMC10940835 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background One targeted treatment option for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild-type glioblastoma focuses on tumors with fibroblast growth factor receptor 3::transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3 (FGFR3::TACC3) fusions. FGFR3::TACC3 fusion detection can be challenging, as targeted RNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) is not routinely performed, and immunohistochemistry is an imperfect surrogate marker. Fusion status can be determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on fresh frozen (FF) material, but sometimes only formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is available. Aim To develop an RT-PCR assay to determine FGFR3::TACC3 status in FFPE glioblastoma samples. Methods Twelve tissue microarrays with 353 historical glioblastoma samples were immunohistochemically stained for FGFR3. Samples with overexpression of FGFR3 (n = 13) were subjected to FGFR3::TACC3 RT-PCR on FFPE, using 5 primer sets for the detection of 5 common fusion variants. Fusion-negative samples were additionally analyzed with NGS (n = 6), FGFR3 Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (n = 6), and RNA sequencing (n = 5). Results Using RT-PCR on FFPE material of the 13 samples with FGFR3 overexpression, we detected an FGFR3::TACC3 fusion in 7 samples, covering 3 different fusion variants. For 5 of these FF was available, and the presence of the fusion was confirmed through RT-PCR on FF. With RNA sequencing, 1 additional sample was found to harbor an FGFR3::TACC3 fusion (variant not covered by current RT-PCR for FFPE). The frequency of FGFR3::TACC3 fusion in this cohort was 9/353 (2.5%). Conclusions RT-PCR for FGFR3::TACC3 fusions can successfully be performed on FFPE material, with a specificity of 100% and (due to limited primer sets) a sensitivity of 83.3%. This assay allows for the identification of potential targeted treatment options when only formalin-fixed tissue is available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joyce van Kuik
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan B J Tops
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Lasorella
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Wim van Hecke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre A Robe
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers/VUmc & Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy W J de Leng
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Conde E, Hernandez S, Rodriguez Carrillo JL, Martinez R, Alonso M, Curto D, Jimenez B, Caminoa A, Benito A, Garrido P, Clave S, Arriola E, Esteban-Rodriguez I, De Castro J, Sansano I, Felip E, Rojo F, Dómine M, Abdulkader I, Garcia-Gonzalez J, Teixido C, Reguart N, Compañ D, Insa A, Mancheño N, Palanca S, Juan-Vidal O, Baixeras N, Nadal E, Cebollero M, Calles A, Martin P, Salas C, Provencio M, Aranda I, Massuti B, Lopez-Vilaro L, Majem M, Paz-Ares L, Lopez-Rios F. RET Fusion Testing in Patients With NSCLC: The RETING Study. JTO Clin Res Rep 2024; 5:100653. [PMID: 38525319 PMCID: PMC10957499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2024.100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction RET inhibitors with impressive overall response rates are now available for patients with NSCLC, yet the identification of RET fusions remains a difficult challenge. Most guidelines encourage the upfront use of next-generation sequencing (NGS), or alternatively, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) when NGS is not possible or available. Taken together, the suboptimal performance of single-analyte assays to detect RET fusions, although consistent with the notion of encouraging universal NGS, is currently widening some of the clinical practice gaps in the implementation of predictive biomarkers in patients with advanced NSCLC. Methods This situation prompted us to evaluate several RET assays in a large multicenter cohort of RET fusion-positive NSCLC (n = 38) to obtain real-world data. In addition to RNA-based NGS (the criterion standard method), all positive specimens underwent break-apart RET FISH with two different assays and were also tested by an RT-PCR assay. Results The most common RET partners were KIF5B (78.9%), followed by CCDC6 (15.8%). The two RET NGS-positive but FISH-negative samples contained a KIF5B(15)-RET(12) fusion. The three RET fusions not identified with RT-PCR were AKAP13(35)-RET(12), KIF5B(24)-RET(9) and KIF5B(24)-RET(11). All three false-negative RT-PCR cases were FISH-positive, exhibited a typical break-apart pattern, and contained a very high number of positive tumor cells with both FISH assays. Signet ring cells, psammoma bodies, and pleomorphic features were frequently observed (in 34.2%, 39.5%, and 39.5% of tumors, respectively). Conclusions In-depth knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of the different RET testing methodologies could help clinical and molecular tumor boards implement and maintain sensible algorithms for the rapid and effective detection of RET fusions in patients with NSCLC. The likelihood of RET false-negative results with both FISH and RT-PCR reinforces the need for upfront NGS in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Conde
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Hernandez
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Marta Alonso
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Curto
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Pilar Garrido
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergi Clave
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edurne Arriola
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Javier De Castro
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Sansano
- Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Federico Rojo
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Dómine
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ihab Abdulkader
- Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Teixido
- Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemi Reguart
- Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Amelia Insa
- Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Mancheño
- Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarai Palanca
- Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Baixeras
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Nadal
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Cebollero
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Calles
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Martin
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Salas
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Aranda
- Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis – Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Bartomeu Massuti
- Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis – Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Lopez-Rios
- Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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Niveria K, ZafarYab M, Biswas L, Mahtab A, Verma AK. Leveraging selective knockdown of Sost gene by polyethyleneimine-siRNA-chitosan reduced gold nanoparticles to promote osteogenesis in MC3T3-E1 & MEF cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:895-914. [PMID: 38530906 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by reduced osteoblast differentiation, predominantly by overexpression of the Sost gene. A layer-by-layer approach enabled encapsulation of Sost siRNA to enhance the short half-life and poor transfection capacity of siRNA. Materials & methods: Polyethyleneimine and siRNA on chitosan-coated gold nanoparticles (PEI/siRNA/Cs-AuNPs) were engineered using chitosan-reduced gold nanoparticles. They were characterized by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and gel-mobility assays. Detailed in vitro experiments, gene silencing and western blots were performed. Results: A total of 80% knockdown of the target sclerostin protein was observed by PEI/siRNA/Cs-AuNPs, q-PCR showed threefold downregulation of the Sost gene. Osteogenic markers RunX2 and Alp were significantly upregulated. Conclusion: We report a safe, biocompatible nanotherapeutic strategy to enhance siRNA protection and subsequent silencing to augment bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Niveria
- Nanobiotech Lab, Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Mohammad ZafarYab
- Nanobiotech Lab, Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- NBRC, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, AL 36104, USA
| | - Largee Biswas
- Nanobiotech Lab, Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Asiya Mahtab
- Nanobiotech Lab, Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Anita Kamra Verma
- Nanobiotech Lab, Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
- Fellow, Delhi School of Public Health, Institution of Eminence, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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Demyashkin G, Kogan E, Boldyrev D, Demura T, Tyatyushkina A, Annenkova E, Semenov K, Zorin I, Zverev A. Molecular changes in the testes of COVID-19 patients. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3731-3736. [PMID: 37325835 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2224881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
After the sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists and clinicians around the world have significantly expanded understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease as well as the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on various organs and tissues. To date, it is accepted to consider the new coronavirus infection as a multisystem disease, but the data on the effect on fertility remains unclear. Previous works by other authors have presented controversial results, and there is no evidence of a direct effect of the new coronavirus on the male gonads. Thus, further studies are needed to verify the hypothesis that the testicles are the target organ for SARS-CoV-2. Groups were formed: Group I (n = 109; age from 25 to 75 years, Median (IQR) - 60 (23) years), cause of death - new coronavirus infection; Group II (n = 21, age from 25 to 75 years, Median (IQR) - 55 (29.5) years) - autopsy testicular material obtained outside the pandemic. We used RT-PCR to detect the presence of viral RNA in testicular tissue. In addition, we investigated the levels of proteins that provide viral invasion, such as ACE-2 and Furin. In the present study, we detected genetic material of a new coronavirus and increased proteins required for viral invasion in testicular tissue of patients with COVID-19 by RT-PCR. Thus, based on our findings, we assume that testicular tissue is potentially vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Demyashkin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - E Kogan
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - D Boldyrev
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - T Demura
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A Tyatyushkina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Annenkova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - K Semenov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - I Zorin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A Zverev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Grimaldi P, Russo A, Pisaturo M, Maggi P, Allegorico E, Gentile I, Sangiovanni V, Rossomando A, Pacilio R, Calabria G, Pisapia R, Carriero C, Masullo A, Manzillo E, Russo G, Parrella R, Dell'Aquila G, Gambardella M, Ponticiello A, Onorato L, Coppola N. Clinical and epidemiological factors causing longer SARS-CoV 2 viral shedding: the results from the CoviCamp cohort. Infection 2024; 52:439-446. [PMID: 37704910 PMCID: PMC10954924 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate how long hospitalized patients stayed positive to the nasopharyngeal swab, and what demographic and clinical factors influence the time-to-negative swab. METHODS We enrolled in a multicenter, observational, retrospective study involving 17 COVID-19 units in eight cities of the Campania, southern Italy all patients hospitalized from March 2020 to May 2021 diagnosed with Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection for whom time-to-negative swab was available. RESULTS 963 patients were enrolled. We defined three groups considering time-to-negative swab: the first including patients with time-to-negative swab before the 26th day, the second including patients with time-to-negative swab from day 26 to day 39, and the third including patients with time-to-negative swab > 39 days. 721 (74.9%) patients belonged to the first group, 194 (20.1%) to the second, and 52 (5.4%) belonged to the third group. Belonging to group 2 and 3 seemed to be influenced by age (p value < 0.001), Charlson comorbidity index (p = 0.009), arterial hypertension (p = 0.02), cardiovascular disease (p = 0.017), or chronic kidney disease (CKD) (p = 0.001). The multivariable analysis confers a leading role to CKD, with an odds ratio of 2.3 as factor influencing belonging to the groups showing a longer time-to-negative swab. Patients with CKD and diabetes were more frequently in the third group. DISCUSSION Our analysis showed that CKD is a factor related to longer time-to-negative swab, probably because of immunosuppression related to this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierantonio Grimaldi
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Via L. Armanni 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Via L. Armanni 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariantonietta Pisaturo
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Via L. Armanni 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Maggi
- Infectious Disease Unit, A. O. S Anna e S Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Ivan Gentile
- Infectious Disease Unit, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Annamaria Rossomando
- Infectious Diseases Unit and Gender Medicine, P. O. Cotugno, AORN dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Pacilio
- Hepatic Infectious Disease Unit, AORN dei Colli, PO Cotugno, Naples, Italy
| | - Giosuele Calabria
- IX Infectious Disease Unit, AORN dei Coli, PO Cotugno, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pisapia
- First Infectious Disease Unit, AORN dei Coli, PO Cotugno, Naples, Italy
| | - Canio Carriero
- Infectious Disease Unit, A.O. San Pio, PO Rummo, Benevento, Italy
| | - Alfonso Masullo
- Infectious Disease Unit, A.O. San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Elio Manzillo
- VIII Infectious Disease Unit, AORN dei Coli, PO Cotugno, Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia Russo
- Infectious Disease Unit, Ospedale Maria S.S. Addolorata di Eboli, ASL Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberto Parrella
- Respiratory Infectious Disease Unit, AORN dei Colli, PO Cotugno, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Michele Gambardella
- Infectious Disease Unit, PO S. Luca, Vallo della Lucania, ASL Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Onorato
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Via L. Armanni 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Coppola
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Via L. Armanni 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Sugimoto K, Kobayashi D, Ohshima S, Imai M, Ohta N. A novel rhabdovirus detected in Anisakis larvae distributed in the coastal areas of Japan: Viral genome analysis and possible coevolutionary relationship between virus and host nematodes. Parasitol Int 2024; 99:102834. [PMID: 38056761 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, it has become evident that various RNA viruses infect helminths including Order Ascaridida. However, there is still no information available for viruses infecting Anisakis. We herewith demonstrate the presence of a novel rhabdovirus from Anisakis larvae detected by next-generation sequencing analysis and following RT-PCR. We determined the nearly all nucleotide sequence (12,376 nucleotides) of the viral genome composed of seven open reading frames, and we designated the virus as Suzukana rhabdo-like virus (SkRV). BLASTx search indicated that SkRV is a novel virus belonging to the subfamily Betanemrhavirus, rhabdovirus infecting parasitic nematodes of the Order Ascaridida. SkRV sequence was detectable only in the total RNA but not in the genomic DNA of Anisakis, ruling out the possibility of SkRV being an endogenous viral element incorporated into the host genomic DNA. When we individually tested Anisakis larvae obtained from Scomber japonicus migrating in the coastal waters of Japan, not all but around 40% were SkRV-positive. In the phylogenetic trees of Betanemrhavirus and of the host Ascaridida nematodes, we observed that evolutional distances of viruses were, to some extent, parallel with that of host nematodes, suggesting that viral evolution could have been correlated with evolution of the host. Although biological significance of SkRV on Anisakis larvae is still remained unknown, it is interesting if SkRV were somehow related to the pathogenesis of anisakiasis, because it is important matter of public health in Japan and European countries consuming raw marine fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie 510-0293, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal, and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ohshima
- Faculty of Laboratory Technology, Yokkaichi University of Nursing and Medical Care, 1200 Kayou, Yokkaichi, Mie 512-8045, Japan
| | - Masaki Imai
- Department of Medical Technology and Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, 34 Oyake-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ohta
- Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 1001-1 Kishioka, Suzuka, Mie 510-0293, Japan.
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Sun GB, Lu YF, Duan XJ. Exploration of the genetic influence of MYOT and MB genes on the plumage coloration of Muscovy ducks. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220836. [PMID: 38585635 PMCID: PMC10998670 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Plumage color, a pivotal attribute delineating diverse Muscovy duck strains, assumes considerable significance within the field of Muscovy duck breeding research. This study extends the existing research by delving into the hereditary aspects of genes associated with plumage coloration in Muscovy ducks. The principal objective is to discern marker genes conducive to targeted breeding strategies based on plumage color, thereby furnishing indispensable technical foundations for the development of novel Muscovy duck varieties. Our investigation focused on scrutinizing the impact of MYOT and MB genes on the genetic expression of plumage color at both the RNA and protein levels in Muscovy ducks. The results elucidate that black Muscovy ducks manifest markedly elevated mRNA and protein expression levels of MYOT and MB genes in comparison to their white counterparts, indicating that both genes may play a constructive regulatory role in the context of plumage coloration in Muscovy ducks. The outcomes of this study delineate a discernible correlation between MYOT and MB genes and the plumage coloration in Muscovy ducks. Employing gene expression analysis, we successfully identified candidate genes that may be intricately linked to the determination of plumage color in these ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bo Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, No. 8 of Fenghuang East Road, Hailing District, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, 225300, China
| | - Yan-Feng Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, No. 8 of Fenghuang East Road, Hailing District, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, 225300, China
| | - Xiu-Jun Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, No. 8 of Fenghuang East Road, Hailing District, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, 225300, China
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Javed H, Khaliq A, Mirza S, Khan R, Fatima W. Evolution of COVID-19 infection in Punjab; trends during five waves of infection in the province of Punjab. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:348. [PMID: 38528471 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pakistan witnessed five waves of COVID-19 infections during the pandemic. Punjab, the largest province of Pakistan, remained the epicentre due to a high infection rate. Administrative data for five waves of the pandemic was analyzed to determine the rate of infections and the significance of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions on the severity and duration of infection. METHODOLOGY COVID-19 data from March 2020 to May 2023 was obtained from the Provincial Public Health Reference Laboratory (PPHRL), Punjab AIDS Control Program, Lahore. The data included samples from index cases, contacts, and recovered patients. A total of 36,252,48 cases were screened for COVID-19, and 90,923 (2.50%) were detected positive by RT-PCR, accounting for 5.69% of the cases reported positive throughout the country. RESULTS Among the positive cases, 50.86% (n = 46,244) cases were new cases (registered for the first time), 40.41% (n = 36751) were the contact cases traced from the newly identified cases and 8.62% (n = 7842) repeated cases. The positivity rates among index cases were reported to be 2.37%, 2.34%, 4.61%, 2.09%, and 1.19%, respectively, for the five respective COVID-19 pandemic waves. Distribution by gender indicated that 64% of males and 35% of females were infected during the pandemic. The age factor demonstrated the most susceptibility to infection in women aged 19-29 years, whereas most males between the ages of 29-39 had an infection. Susceptibility to COVID-19 infection was observed to be equally likely between males and females; however, clinical outcomes indicated that infections in males were more severe and often resulted in fatalities as compared to those in females. This trend was also reflected in the viral titer as measured by the Ct values, where 40% of males had Ct values < 25 (an indicator of high viral titers) compared to 30% of females with Ct values < 25. CONCLUSION Overall, our data indicated that infection rates remained stable throughout the pandemic except for 3rd wave, which showed a higher incidence of infection rate of 4%. Additionally, data showed a positive impact of masking, social distancing, and immunization, as indicated by the shorter window of high infection rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnain Javed
- Provincial Public Health Reference Laboratory, Punjab AIDS Control Program, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aasia Khaliq
- Department of Life Sciences, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaper Mirza
- Department of Life Sciences, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Rimsha Khan
- Provincial Public Health Reference Laboratory, Punjab AIDS Control Program, Lahore, Pakistan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Warda Fatima
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Khan K, Yu B, Tardif JC, Rhéaume E, Al-Kindi H, Filimon S, Pop C, Genest J, Cecere R, Schwertani A. Significance of the Wnt signaling pathway in coronary artery atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1360380. [PMID: 38586172 PMCID: PMC10995361 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1360380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The progression of coronary atherosclerosis is an active and regulated process. The Wnt signaling pathway is thought to play an active role in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases; however, a better understanding of this system in atherosclerosis is yet to be unraveled. Methods In this study, real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to quantify the expression of Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and Wnt5b in the human coronary plaque, and immunohistochemistry was used to identify sites of local expression. To determine the pathologic significance of increased Wnt, human vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) were treated with Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and Wnt5b recombinant proteins and assessed for changes in cell differentiation and function. Results RT-PCR and Western blotting showed a significant increase in the expression of Wnt3a, Wnt5a, Wnt5b, and their receptors in diseased coronary arteries compared with that in non-diseased coronary arteries. Immunohistochemistry revealed an abundant expression of Wnt3a and Wnt5b in diseased coronary arteries, which contrasted with little or no signals in normal coronary arteries. Immunostaining of Wnt3a and Wnt5b was found largely in inflammatory cells and myointimal cells. The treatment of vSMCs with Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and Wnt5b resulted in increased vSMC differentiation, migration, calcification, oxidative stress, and impaired cholesterol handling. Conclusions This study demonstrates the upregulation of three important members of canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways and their receptors in coronary atherosclerosis and shows an important role for these molecules in plaque development through increased cellular remodeling and impaired cholesterol handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Khan
- Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bin Yu
- Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Eric Rhéaume
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hamood Al-Kindi
- Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sabin Filimon
- Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cristina Pop
- Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Genest
- Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Renzo Cecere
- Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adel Schwertani
- Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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15
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Schoenmakers T, Leers MPG, Deneer R, van Rosmalen F, Gorissen SHM, Verboeket-van de Venne WPHG, Vojinovic U, van Mook WNKA, Wolffs PFG, van Bussel BCT, van Loo IHM. The CoLab score is associated with SARS-CoV-2 viral load during admission in individuals admitted to the intensive care unit: the CoLaIC cohort study. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2024-0030. [PMID: 38501687 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study examines the temporal association between the changes in SARS-CoV-2 viral load during infection and whether the CoLab-score can facilitate de-isolation. METHODS Nasal swabs and blood samples were collected from ICU-admitted SARS-CoV-2 positive patients at Maastricht UMC+ from March 25, 2020 to October 1, 2021. The CoLab-score was calculated based on 10 blood parameters and age and can range from -43 to 6. Three mixed effects analyses compared patient categories based on initial PCR Ct values (low; Ct≤20, mid; 20>Ct≤30, high; Ct>30), serial PCR Ct values to CoLab-scores over time, and the association between within-patient delta Ct values and CoLab-scores. RESULTS In 324 patients, the median Ct was 33, and the median CoLab-score was -1.78. Mid (n=110) and low (n=41) Ct-categories had higher CoLab-scores over time (+0.60 points, 95 % CI; 0.04-1.17, and +0.28 points, 95 % CI -0.49 to 1.04) compared to the high Ct (n=87) category. Over time, higher serial Ct values were associated with lower serial CoLab-scores, decreasing by -0.07 points (95 % CI; -0.11 to -0.02) per day. Increasing delta Ct values were associated with a decreasing delta CoLab-score of -0.12 (95 % CI; -0.23; -0.01). CONCLUSIONS The study found an association between lower viral load on admission and reduced CoLab-score. Additionally, a decrease in viral load over time was associated with a decrease in CoLab-score. Therefore, the CoLab-score may make patient de-isolation an option based on the CoLab-score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Schoenmakers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen/Heerlen, The Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mathie P G Leers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen/Heerlen, The Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Science, Environmental Sciences, Open Universiteit, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Deneer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry & Hematology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen/Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van Rosmalen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan H M Gorissen
- Zuyderland Academy, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen/Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Una Vojinovic
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Walther N K A van Mook
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Health Professions Education (SHE), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra F G Wolffs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas C T van Bussel
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge H M van Loo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Maastricht University Medical Center +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Vivanti AJ, Couffignal C, Sibiude J, Cordier AG, Tsatsaris V, Rozenberg F, Launay O, Benachi A, De Luca D, Ancel PY, Marcault E, Ville Y, Carrara J, Luton D, Dommergues M, Borie C, Kayem G, Lecomte L, Leruez-Ville M, Périllaud-Dubois C, Biran V, Manchon P, Picone O, Vauloup-Fellous C. Maternal and neonatal outcomes of French prospective multicenter cohort study COVIPREG during the first two COVID-19 waves. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2024; 53:102764. [PMID: 38492667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2024.102764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnant women was the subject of many questions since the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We aim to assess maternal and neonatal outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection contracted during 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy during the first two COVID-19 waves across a prospective French multicenter cohort study. Patients were included between April 2020 and January 2021 in 10 maternity hospitals in Paris area with two groups (i) pregnant women with a positive SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal RT-PCR between [14WG; 37WG[(symptomatic infection), (ii) pregnant women with a negative serology (or equivocal) at delivery and without a positive SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal RT-PCR at any time during pregnancy (G2 group) MAIN FINDINGS: 2410 pregnant women were included, of whom 310 had a positive SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal RT-PCR and 217 between [14WG; 37WG[. Most infections occurred between 28 and 37 weeks of gestation (56 %). Most patients could be managed as outpatients, while 23 % had to be hospitalized. Among women with a positive RT-PCR, multiparous women were over-represented (OR = 2.45[1.52;3.87]); were more likely to deliver before 37 weeks of gestation (OR = 2.19[1.44;3.24]) and overall cesarean deliveries were significantly increased (OR = 1.53[1.09;2.13]). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the maternal, obstetrical, and neonatal burden associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections during the first two pandemic waves before availability of vaccines. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04355234 (registration date: 21/04/2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre J Vivanti
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, F-92140 Clamart, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette France; Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections Pendant la Grossesse (GRIG), Paris, France
| | - Camille Couffignal
- Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; IAME U1137, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Sibiude
- IAME U1137, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Maternité, AP-HP, Hôpital Louis Mourier, F-75007 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Gael Cordier
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections Pendant la Grossesse (GRIG), Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Maternité, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Vassilis Tsatsaris
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin Port Royal, F-75007 Paris, France
| | - Flore Rozenberg
- Laboratoire de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Odile Launay
- CIC vaccinologie, AP-HP, FHU PREMA, Hôpital Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Benachi
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, F-92140 Clamart, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Daniele De Luca
- Réanimation néonatale, AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, F-92140 Clamart, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Ancel
- Unité de recherche clinique, CIC-Mère enfant, AP-HP, FHU PREMA, Hôpital Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Estelle Marcault
- Unité de recherche clinique PNVS, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Yves Ville
- Maternité, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, F-75007 Paris, France
| | - Julie Carrara
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, F-92140 Clamart, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | | | - Marc Dommergues
- Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France; Maternité, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Constance Borie
- Maternité, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Kayem
- Maternité, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Lecomte
- Unité de recherche clinique, CIC-Mère enfant, AP-HP, FHU PREMA, Hôpital Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Claire Périllaud-Dubois
- IAME U1137, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1193, 94804 Villejuif, France
| | - Valérie Biran
- Réanimation néonatale, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Picone
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections Pendant la Grossesse (GRIG), Paris, France; IAME U1137, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Maternité, AP-HP, Hôpital Louis Mourier, F-75007 Paris, France
| | - Christelle Vauloup-Fellous
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections Pendant la Grossesse (GRIG), Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1193, 94804 Villejuif, France; Laboratoire de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, F-94804 Villejuif, France.
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Trujillo JD, Wilson WC, Craig A, Van den Bergh C, Wang T, Thompson P, Swanepoel R, Morozov I, Richt JA. Rift Valley Fever virus M and L genome segment detection: a comparison of field-deployable reverse transcription insulated isothermal PCR (RT-iiPCR) and laboratory-based multiplex reverse transcription real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0043023. [PMID: 38305205 PMCID: PMC10935642 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00430-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley Fever phlebovirus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen that causes major agricultural and public health problems in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. It is considered a potential agro-bioterrorism agent for which limited countermeasures are available. To address diagnostic needs, here we describe a rapid and sensitive molecular method immediately employable at sites of suspected outbreaks in animals that commonly precede outbreaks in humans. The strategy involves the concurrent detection of two of the three RVFV genome segments (large and medium) using reverse transcription insulated isothermal PCR (RT-iiPCR) performed on a portable, touch screen nucleic acid analyzer, POCKIT. The analytical sensitivity for both the RT-iiPCR and a laboratory-based L and M multiplex reverse transcription real-time PCR assay was estimated at approximately 0.1-3 copies/reaction using synthetic RNA or viral RNA. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of detection of RVFV on the POCKIT, determined using sera from sheep and cattle (n = 181) experimentally infected with two strains of RVFV (SA01 and Ken06), were 93.8% and 100% (kappa = 0.93), respectively. Testing of ruminant field sera (n = 193) in two locations in Africa demonstrated 100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. We conclude that the POCKIT dual-gene RVFV detection strategy can provide reliable, sensitive, and specific point-of-need viral RNA detection. Moreover, the field detection of RVFV in vectors or susceptible animal species can aid in the surveillance and epidemiological studies to better understand and control RVFV outbreaks. IMPORTANCE The content of this manuscript is of interest to the diverse readership of the Journal of Clinical Microbiology, including research scientists, diagnosticians, healthcare professionals, and policymakers. Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne pathogen that causes major agricultural and public health problems. Current and most sensitive diagnostic approaches that are molecular-based are performed in highly specialized molecular diagnostic laboratories. To address diagnostic needs, we developed a novel, rapid, and sensitive molecular method using a portable PCR machine, POCKIT, capable of immediate deployment at sites of suspected outbreaks. Here, we demonstrate that field-deployable RVFV detection can provide reliable, sensitive, and specific point-of-need viral RNA detection that could be used for diagnostic investigations and epidemiological studies, and can be performed in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie D. Trujillo
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases, Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - William C. Wilson
- Foreign Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit (FABADRU), USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Anthony Craig
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Programme, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Carien Van den Bergh
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Programme, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thomas Wang
- Research and development, GeneReach USA, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Thompson
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Robert Swanepoel
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Programme, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Igor Morozov
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases, Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Juergen A. Richt
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases, Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Programme, Pretoria, South Africa
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Hirbaye G, Tola EH, Moje N, Sori T. Molecular and Serological Investigation of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in the East Shewa, Central Ethiopia. Vet Med (Auckl) 2024; 15:81-90. [PMID: 38496262 PMCID: PMC10942010 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s452153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an economically important disease in poultry with worldwide distribution. The occurrence of IB has been reported both in commercial and backyard poultry in Ethiopia, although comprehensive information lacks available prevalence of the disease and the circulating serotypes. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to June 2022 in seven commercial farms found in East Shewa, Central Ethiopia. Serological assay using indirect ELISA, virus isolation techniques in embryonated eggs, and molecular techniques such as one-step reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting a 466 bp S1 gene were employed. Results A total of 196 blood samples, 7 pools (35) of swab samples, and 5 pools of tracheal samples were investigated. The results of serological analysis revealed that 97.96% (192/196; 95% CI: 94.86-99.44) of the sera samples were found to be positive for antibodies against IBV. Out of the 7 pools of swab and 5 pools of tracheal tissue samples analyzed using RT-PCR 33.3% (4/12) of them gave positive results all from swab samples. The RT-PCR-positive samples were subjected to a nested PCR yielding 295bp and 154bp indicating the circulation of Mass and 793/B (4/91) strains of IBV, respectively. The 12 pools of samples inoculated into embryonated egg showed cytopathic changes such as congestion, bleeding, and deformation only after three passages. Conclusion Two serotypes of IBV are circulating in Ethiopian chickens, and molecular identification of the Massachusetts serotype is the first report in Ethiopia. Further epidemiological investigation is needed in order to devise effective control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemachu Hirbaye
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Eyob Hirpa Tola
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Nebyou Moje
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Teshale Sori
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
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Hendrich JM, Reuter A, Jacob TP, Kara H, Amer S, Rödel K, Wöhrl BM. Allergenicity and structural properties of new Cor a 1 isoallergens from hazel identified in different plant tissues. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5618. [PMID: 38454094 PMCID: PMC10920870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The hazel allergen Cor a 1 is a PR-10 protein, closely related to the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. Hazel allergies are caused by cross-reactive IgE antibodies originally directed against Bet v 1. Despite the importance of PR-10 proteins in allergy development, their function and localization in the plant remain largely elusive. Therefore, the presence of Cor a 1 mRNA and proteins was investigated in different tissues, i.e., the female flower, immature and mature nuts, catkins, and pollen. Four yet unknown Cor a 1 isoallergens, i.e., Cor a 1.0501-1.0801, and one new Cor a 1.03 variant were discovered and characterized. Depending on the isoallergen, the occurrence and level of mRNA expression varied in different tissues, suggesting different functions. Interestingly, Cor a 1.04 previously thought to be only present in nuts, was also detected in catkins and pollen. The corresponding Cor a 1 genes were expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified proteins were analysed by CD and NMR spectroscopy. Immunoblots and ELISAs to determine their allergenic potential showed that the new proteins reacted positively with sera from patients allergic to birch, hazel and elder pollen and were recognized as novel isoallergens/variants by the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Hendrich
- Lehrstuhl Biochemie IV - Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Reuter
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Thessa P Jacob
- Lehrstuhl Biochemie IV - Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hatice Kara
- Lehrstuhl Biochemie IV - Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sherine Amer
- Lehrstuhl Biochemie IV - Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Katharina Rödel
- Lehrstuhl Biochemie IV - Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Birgitta M Wöhrl
- Lehrstuhl Biochemie IV - Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.
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20
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Li F, Zheng K, Qi X, Cui K, Yang J, Hao Z. A Retrospective Analysis of Azvudine in Patients with COVID-19 and Pre-existing Cancer. J Cancer 2024; 15:2442-2447. [PMID: 38495484 PMCID: PMC10937265 DOI: 10.7150/jca.91530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Azvudine has been recommended as a potential treatment for the recently discovered Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2019. However, the effectiveness of Azvudine in individuals who have both COVID-19 and pre-existing cancer remains uncertain. Consequently, we undertook a retrospective analysis to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Azvudine therapy in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing cancer. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, selected from patients admitted to a specialist oncology hospital between June 1, 2022 to June 31, 2023 with positive RT-PCR and pre-existing cancer. After exclusion and propensity score matching, patients in the test group treated with Azvudine and control patients treated with standard antiviral therapy were included. The primary outcome is the interval time from the first dose of Azvudine to the attainment of the first negative result for nucleic acid. Secondary outcomes included the rate of nucleic acid conversion, the duration of hospitalization, and the admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the hazard ratio (HR) of event outcomes and to assess whether cancer types and Azvudine treatment will affect the course of COVID-19, specifically the time it takes for primary symptoms to alleviate. Results: In this study, a total of 84 patients were included for analysis. Among them, 42 patients received Azvudine treatment after hospitalization, and the rest were treated with standard antiviral therapy. The results expressed that the time taken for the first negative nucleic acid test was significantly shorter in the Azvudine group compared to the control group [5 (IQR3-7) d vs 12 (IQR9-15) d], p<0.0001. This difference was statistically significant. Furthermore, a multivariate COX analysis indicated that Azvudine treatment could effectively reduce the time required for nucleic acid conversion in cancer patients (HR 1.994, 95% CI 1.064-3.736, p=0.031). And the type of cancer also had an impact on the course of COVID-19 in patients. (HR 3.442, 95%CI 1.214-9.756, p=0.020; HR 3.246, 95% CI 1.925-7.209, p=0.036). Conclusion: Azvudine was correlated with a reduced duration for achieving nucleic acid conversion in individuals diagnosed with cancer. And different types of cancer have a certain impact on the course of COVID-19 for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Keao Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xueyan Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Kaixia Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital, Affiliated with Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030002, China
| | - Zhiying Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital, Affiliated with Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030002, China
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21
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Grimaldi F, Bonasoni MP, Pelletti G, Gabrielli L, Pelotti S. Diagnostic challenges and forensic implications in a case of infantile fatal myocarditis. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2024; 20:219-225. [PMID: 37335504 PMCID: PMC10944382 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
We present the case of a 23-month-old child who died less than 24 h after the onset of cardiac symptoms, despite being admitted to the hospital 72 h earlier. Autopsy revealed no significant macroscopic changes, and histologic examination revealed focal lymphocytic myocarditis with myocyte disruption, diffuse alveolar damage in the exudative phase, and generalized lymphocytic immune activation in other organs. Ante-mortem and post-mortem microbiological exams did not clearly prove a causative role of infectious agents. The peculiarity of this case was characterized by the contrast between the severe clinical features and the mild cardiac histological findings. This discrepancy, coupled with the suspicion of a viral causative role based on both ante-mortem and post-mortem microbiological examinations, presented significant challenges in reaching an etiological diagnosis. This case also confirms that the diagnosis of myocarditis in children cannot be made solely on the basis of histological cut-offs or microbiological results. Using abductive reasoning, various diagnostic hypotheses were formulated and evaluated to arrive at the final diagnosis of fatal myocarditis of viral or post-viral origin. Data from post-mortem examination are often the only source of information that is available to the experts, especially in cases of sudden infant death syndrome. In such cases, the forensic pathologists should accurately evaluate findings that may appear to indicate a different etiology, and, in the absence of clinical or radiological data, interpret post-mortem data in a logically correct manner. The autopsy is the first essential step to evaluate the cause of death and must be integrated with the results of ante- and post-mortem diagnostic tests in a holistic approach, which is crucial to allow forensic pathologists to provide an appropriate and relevant opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Grimaldi
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Bonasoni
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, 42122, Italy
| | - Guido Pelletti
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy.
| | - Liliana Gabrielli
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Susi Pelotti
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy
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22
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Samejima M, Nakashima M, Shibasaki J, Saitsu H, Kato M. Splicing variant of WDR37 in a case of Neurooculocardiogenitourinary syndrome. Brain Dev 2024; 46:154-159. [PMID: 38044197 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurooculocardiogenitourinary syndrome (NOCGUS), a multisystemic syndrome characterized by motor disorder, intellectual disability, seizures, abnormal brain structure, ocular diseases, and cardiac diseases, has been reported with missense variant of WD repeat-containing protein 37 (WDR37) in humans. This report aimed to identify the cause of NOCGUS in an affected patient. CASE PRESENTATION We identified a de novo intronic 4-bp deletion of WDR37, c.727-27_727-24del, which were predicted to cause abnormal splicing by SpliceAI, in the patient with NOCGUS. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed intron retention of 63 base pairs before exon 10 in messenger RNA, which was predicted to insert 21 additional aberrant amino acids (p.S242_I243insLCQKKLKISRKCLFWPSLWQQ). The patient had novel phenotypes, anal atresia, and polycystic kidney, in addition to intellectual disability, seizures, cerebellar vermian anomaly, and coloboma, which are typical in NOCGUS. We did not observe motor impairments or cardiovascular anomalies. CONCLUSION This is the first reported case of NOCGUS with the splicing variant of WDR37, which manifests with distinctive but variable features. Our findings may expand a possible phenotypic expression of NOCGUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Samejima
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Jun Shibasaki
- Department of Neonatology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Epilepsy Medical Center, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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Cocchi S, Gambarotti M, Gamberi G, Magagnoli G, Maioli M, Stevanin M, Samperi F, Righi A, Benini S. The utility of FISH analysis in the diagnosis of BCOR-rearranged sarcomas. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155209. [PMID: 38422910 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A BCL6 corepressor (BCOR) gene alteration is a genetic signature of rare subsets of sarcomas. The identification of this alteration has recently contributed to the definition of new entities in the current WHO (2020) classification of soft tissue and bone tumours. We retrospectively examined cases of BCOR-rearranged sarcoma (BRS) to assess the reliability of the BCOR FISH analysis using an IVD (in vitro diagnostic) probe. METHODS We investigated and compared the molecular diagnostic strategies and features by collecting 17 data from patients with a BCOR gene rearrangement detected using quantitative-Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRTPCR), Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS We describe fourteen BCOR::CCNB3 sarcomas, one spindle cell sarcoma with a novel BCOR::MAML1 fusion, one spindle cell sarcoma with a novel BCOR::AHR fusion, and one ossifying fibromyxoid tumour with a BCOR::ZC3H7B fusion. FISH analysis of all, except one, BCOR::CCNB3 sarcoma, showed a FISH break-apart pattern with mild signal separation. The MAML1::BCOR sarcoma showed large-space split signals, while in the two patients with AHR::BCOR and ZC3H7B::BCOR fusions, no BCOR rearrangement was observed using FISH. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that BCOR FISH analysis using an IVD probe, may be useful to detect the presence of a BCOR rearrangement, including both translocations and inversions; however, negative results, in some cases, can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Cocchi
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Gambarotti
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gamberi
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Magagnoli
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Stevanin
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Samperi
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Righi
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Benini
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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Miller MR, Tkachenko A, Guag J, Alexander S, Webb BT, Stenger BLS. Comparative evaluation of assay performance for SARS-CoV-2 detection in animal oral samples, lung homogenates, and phosphate-buffered saline using the TaqPath COVID-19 Combo kit. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:229-237. [PMID: 38362609 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241230315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
A One Health approach has been key to monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic, as human and veterinary medical professionals jointly met the demands for an extraordinary testing effort for SARS-CoV-2. Veterinary diagnostic laboratories continue to monitor SARS-CoV-2 infection in animals, furthering the understanding of zoonotic transmission dynamics between humans and animals. A RT-PCR assay is a primary animal screening tool established within validation and verification guidelines provided by the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD), World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, differences in sample matrices, RNA extraction methods, instrument platforms, gene targets, and cutoff values may affect test outcomes. Therefore, targeted validation for a new sample matrix used in any PCR assay is critical. We evaluated a COVID-19 assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in feline and canine lung homogenates and oral swab samples. We used the commercial Applied Biosystems MagMAX Viral/Pathogen II (MVP II) nucleic acid isolation kit and TaqPath COVID-19 Combo kit, which are validated for a variety of human samples, including nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples. Our masked test showed a high detection rate and no false-positive or false-negative results, supporting sample extension to include feline oral swab samples. Our study is a prime example of One Health, illustrating how a COVID-19 assay designed for human testing can be adapted and used to detect SARS-CoV-2 in oral swab samples from cats and likely dogs, but not lung homogenates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Miller
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Andriy Tkachenko
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Jake Guag
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Stacey Alexander
- Department of Health and Human Services-Laboratory Services, North Dakota, Bismarck, ND, USA
| | - Brett T Webb
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Brianna L S Stenger
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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Ahmadi S, Surmava S, Kvaratskhelia D, Gogolashvili A, Kvaratskhelia E, Abzianidze E, Kankava K. Association Between Multiple Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Folate Metabolism Pathway and Breast Cancer Risk in Georgian Women: A Case-Control Study. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2024; 18:11795549241233693. [PMID: 38433849 PMCID: PMC10908228 DOI: 10.1177/11795549241233693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The folate metabolism pathway plays an integral part in DNA synthesis, methylation, and repair. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD1) are both enzymes that are involved in this pathway, and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes coding for them have modulatory effects on DNA expression. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) and MTHFD1 G1958A (rs2236225) polymorphisms and the risk of developing breast cancer in Georgian women. Methods A case-control study was performed examining the MTHFR C677T and MTHFD1 G1958A SNP in breast cancer-confirmed cases and healthy matched controls. Real time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to genotype SNPs. The case individuals' pathology reports were obtained following surgeries for cancer characteristic data. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the significance of the acquired data. Results Statistical analysis of MTHFR C677T SNP revealed that the CT genotype increased the risk of breast cancer by 2.17 folds in the over-dominant model. Statistical analysis of MTHFD1 G1958A SNP showed that the GA genotype increased the risk of breast cancer by 4.12 folds in the codominant model and 2.41 folds in the over-dominant model. No statistically significant link was found between genotypes and lymph node status, however, patients with the CT genotype had higher percentages of proliferative activity. Conclusions Breast cancer seems to have a statistically significant association with the CT genotype in MTHFR C677T and the GA genotype in MTHFD1 G1958A in Georgian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ahmadi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Sandro Surmava
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Davit Kvaratskhelia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ana Gogolashvili
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Eka Kvaratskhelia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- V. Bakhutashvili Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Elene Abzianidze
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Ivane Beritashvili Center Of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ketevani Kankava
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Maldonado-Barrueco A, Gutiérrez-Arroyo A, Bloise I, de Ceano-Vivas M, Rivera-Nuñez A, Santos-Olmos RT, Vega DM, García-Rodríguez J. Evaluation of CLINITEST® Rapid Covid-19 + Influenza antigen test in a cohort of symptomatic patients in an emergency department. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024:10.1007/s10096-024-04788-w. [PMID: 38421466 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rapid management of patients with respiratory tract infections in hospital emergency departments is one of the main objectives since the concurrent circulation of respiratory viruses following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The use of new combined point-of-care antigen tests for detecting influenza A/B and SARS-CoV-2 represents an advantage in response time over the molecular tests. The objective was to evaluate the suitability of the CLINITEST® Rapid Covid-19 + Influenza Antigen test (Siemens Healthineers, Germany) (RCIA test) by measuring the sensitivity, specificity, Cohen's kappa, and cut-off values. METHODS Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from a randomised group of symptomatic patients of all ages at emergency department during January-February 2023. In parallel, these patients were screened for influenza A/B, and SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR. The Ct (cycle threshold) values were collected for positive [RT-PCR (+) /RCIA test (+)] and false negative [(RT-PCR (+) /RCIA test (-)] samples. A subanalysis was performed in the paediatric population (< 16 years-old). RESULTS We included 545 patients (55.8% females) with a median age of 7 years-old (IQR: 1-66.5). The RCIA test showed a sensitivity of 59.7% [95%CI: 46.9-67.33] for influenza A, 65.6% [95%CI: 49.5-80.3] for influenza B, and 76.9% [95%CI: 45.8-84.8] for SARS-CoV-2. The specificity was between 90.7%-99.7% with a moderate/high level of agreement with RT-PCR (kappa score: 0.6-0.8) for the three respiratory viruses included in the RCIA test. CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity of the RCIA test is insufficient for screening of patients, including patients with low Ct values (Ct > 20). Despite its good specificity and Cohen's kappa value, its use as a screening test is not comparable to RT-PCR systems in the ED environment with a high number of false negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iván Bloise
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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Ahmad F, Tomada S, Poonsiri T, Baric S. Molecular genetic variability of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 associated with Cryphonectria parasitica in South Tyrol (northern Italy). Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1291542. [PMID: 38476955 PMCID: PMC10927965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1291542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV-1) has been widely studied and used as a biocontrol agent because of its ability to infect the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, and to reduce its virulence. Knowledge about the hypovirus, its presence, and diversity is completely lacking in South Tyrol (northern Italy), which may obstruct biocontrol measures for chestnut blight based on CHV-1. This work aimed to study the occurrence of CHV-1 infecting C. parasitica in South Tyrol and to perform a genetic characterization of the hypovirus. In South Tyrol, CHV-1 was found to occur in 29.2% of the fungal isolates investigated, varying in frequency between different regions and chestnut stands. Twenty-three haplotypes based on partial cDNA (complementary DNA) sequences of open reading frame (ORF)-A and 30 haplotypes based on partial cDNA sequences of ORF-B were identified among 47 and 56 hypovirulent fungal isolates, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the haplotypes belonged to the Italian subtype of CHV-1 and that they were closely related to the populations of Italy, Switzerland, Croatia and Slovenia. Evidence of recombination was not found in the sequences and point mutations were the main source of diversity. Overall, this study indicated that the prevalence of CHV-1 in South Tyrol is low compared to many other central and western European populations and determined a need to actively impose biocontrol measures. Using sequence analysis, we identified some variants of interest of CHV-1 that should be studied in detail for their potential use in biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Ahmad
- Laboratory for Phytopathology, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Selena Tomada
- Laboratory for Phytopathology, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Thanalai Poonsiri
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sanja Baric
- Laboratory for Phytopathology, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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Al-Mubarak AIA, Al-Kubati AAG, Sheikh A, Abdelaziz AM, Hussen J, Kandeel M, Falemban B, Hemida MG. Detection of Avian Orthoavulavirus-1 genotypes VI.2.1 and VII.1.1 with neuro-viscerotropic tropism in some backyard pigeons (Columbidae) in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1352636. [PMID: 38500603 PMCID: PMC10947193 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1352636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Avian orthoavulavirus-1 (AOAV1) has a wide host range, including domestic and wild birds. The present study aimed to identify the currently circulating AOAV1 strains from some outbreaks in some backyard pigeons in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia (ERSA). Methods Tracheal/cloacal swabs and tissue specimens were collected from eight backyards in Al-Ahsa, ERSA, between January 2021 and March 2023. Samples were tested for the presence of AOAV1 using commercial real-time RT-PCR. Part of the fusion gene was also amplified by gel-based RT-PCR, and the obtained amplicons were sequenced. Results and discussion AOAV1 was detected in samples from the eight flocks. The retrieved sequences from samples of 6/8 pigeon backyards are reported. Phylogenetic analysis based on the obtained sequences from these backyard pigeons showed the segregation of the obtained sequences in AOAV1 genotypes VI.2.1 and VII.1.1. Clinically, nervous manifestations were dominant in pigeons infected with both genotypes. Respiratory manifestations and significantly higher overall mortality rate were induced by genotype VI.2.1. The deduced amino acid sequences of the fusion protein cleavage site (FPCS) showed that all the detected isolates belong to velogenic strains. Differences in clinical profiles induced by the natural infection of pigeons with AOAV1 genotypes VI.2.1 and VII.1.1 were reported. The present findings highlight the potential roles of some backyard pigeons in the long-distance spread and cross-species transmission of the reported AOAVI genotypes. Further research is required to perform biotyping and pathotyping of the reported strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah I. A. Al-Mubarak
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar A. G. Al-Kubati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Abdullah Sheikh
- Camel Research Center, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M. Abdelaziz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Educational Hospital, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Baraa Falemban
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged Gomaa Hemida
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, United States
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Kimyon AS, Çetinkaya A, Hallıoğlu Kılınç O, Aras N. The evaluation of the SMAD1 rs1016792 polymorphism and gene expression on pulmonary hypertension due to congenital heart disease in children: a preliminary study. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38410024 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2322109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Smad Family Member (SMAD), a protein family responsible for transducing the signal induced by TGF-β into the nucleus, is thought to play a role in the pathology of many heart diseases. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the influence of the SMAD1 rs1016792 polymorphism and gene expression on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) due to congenital heart disease (CHD) in children. A total of 90 children, 45 of whom were PAH-CHD children and 45 healthy children, were included in the study. Patients were selected from those who were diagnosed and followed in the Department of Pediatric Cardiology.The SMAD1 rs1016792 genotyping and expression analysis was performed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based system. It was determined that the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) value was lower in the patient group than in the control group, while the pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) value was higher in the patient group than in the control group. When the SMAD1 gene expression level was examined, a statistically significant difference was found between the patient and control groups. Patients had decreased SMAD1 expression compared to controls (p˂0.001). We found no significant difference between the patient and control groups in terms of SMAD1 rs1016792 genotype distribution or allele frequency (p > 0.05). There was no difference between genotype distribution and SMAD1 expression levels in the groups. In this study, we showed for the first time that SMAD1 expression is decreased in children with PAH-CHD. These results will be a preliminary step toward understanding the role of SMAD1 in the etiopathogenesis of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Selim Kimyon
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Çetinkaya
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Nurcan Aras
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Tamene E, Beyene A, Atsbeha H, Shimelis T. The diagnostic performance evaluation of Panbio and STANDARD Q coronavirus disease 2019 antigen tests against real-time polymerase chain reaction in southern Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4556. [PMID: 38402333 PMCID: PMC10894224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a public health crisis. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Panbio and STANDARD Q COVID-19 antigen rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) against the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at one of the largest hospitals in southern Ethiopia. Nasopharyngeal samples, which were collected during the pandemic from individuals suspected of COVID-19 and stored at - 70 °C, were analyzed in June and July 2022. The performance of the Panbio COVID-19 antigen tests was evaluated in 200 randomly selected nasopharyngeal samples (100 positives and 100 negatives for severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 by RT-PCR). The STANDARD Q test was evaluated using 100 positive and 50 negative samples. The respective sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values were 88%, 99%, 98.9% and 89.2% for the Panbio test and 91%, 98%, 98.9% and 84.5%, for the STANDARD Q test. The kappa values were 0.87 for the Panbio and 0.86 for the STANDARD Q test. Based on the findings presented here, the RDTs could be utilized as an alternative to conventional RT-PCR when it is challenging to diagnose COVID-19 owing to a lack of time, skilled lab personnel, or suitable equipment or electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Tamene
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, P.O.Box: 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemitu Beyene
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, P.O.Box: 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Hanibale Atsbeha
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, P.O.Box: 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Techalew Shimelis
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Hawassa University, P.O.Box: 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
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Singh N, Murcia Bermudez JM, Chamberland M, Poudel B. First Report of Pitaya Virus X Infecting Lophocereus schottii f. mieckleyanus (Thin-Stemmed Totem Pole Cactus) in the United States. Plant Dis 2024. [PMID: 38386303 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-23-1212-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Lophocereus is a genus of three species of columnar cacti native to Arizona and Mexico (Lodi, 2015). These cacti produce several tall, ascending, columnar stems that branch at the base in a candelabra-like arrangement. The most common species, L. schottii is known as the senita cactus. Several unusual knobby-stemmed spineless forms of senita cactus have been found in nature in Baja California, Mexico, which are collectively known as totem pole cacti. The thin-stemmed totem pole cactus, L. schottii f. mieckleyanus is an important part of landscapes in southern Arizona. Cacti are clonally propagated which makes viral infections of economic importance in the ornamental/nursery industry. In February 2023, virus-like symptoms, such as mosaic and chlorotic spots were observed on the stems of L. schottii f. mieckleyanus grown in a nursery in Phoenix, AZ, USA. Total RNA was extracted from two symptomatic cacti (YPHC-61 A & B) following the protocol by Tzanetakis et al. (2007), and cDNA was synthesized using the Superscript IV Reverse Transcriptase (Invitrogen, Vilnius, Lithuania). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) performed with cactus virus X specific primers (Kim et al. 2016) targeting the coat protein (CP) gene failed to generate any amplicon, while potexvirus-replicase primers, Potex 2RC and Potex 5 (van der Vlugt and Berendsen 2002) targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene amplified an expected amplicon of ~580 bp from both the samples. One of the amplicons was Sanger sequenced and showed 90.7% nucleotide (nt) identity with pitaya virus X (PiVX) in the GenBank (MN982522). Sequence was submitted in the GenBank under the accession number OR425049. PiVX is a new species of the genus Potexvirus and is named after its origin from pitaya (Hylocereus spp.). Further, RT-PCR was conducted with PiVX-specific primers, CP 110F/CP 604R targeting CP gene (Bae and Park 2022) and RdRp gene (RdRp F 5' GCGTGGGCCCTGGAAAA-3'/RdRp R 5' CTAAGATTCATCAATTCACCTCTCC-3') (this study). Amplicons of ~500 and 1100 bp were obtained using primers, CP 110F/CP 604R and RdRp F/RdRp R, respectively. A BLAST search revealed 90.5% nt identity to PiVX CP sequences (OM802135 and OM802134) and 87.3% nt identity to RdRp sequences (MN982523 and LC654699) in the GenBank. Sequences of isolates YPHC-61A and YPHC-61B were submitted in the GenBank under accession numbers, OQ915350 and PP182358 (CP gene) and OQ915351 and PP209539 (RdRp gene). Phylogenetic analysis based on the combined sequence datasets of CP and RdRp genes also grouped YPHC-61A and YPHC-61B with PiVX isolates and separated from other potexviruses species. For a bioassay of the virus, sap extract from symptomatic cactus was mechanically inoculated onto indicator plant species, i.e., beans, alfalfa, and melon. Ten days post- inoculation, chlorotic lesions were observed on beans and alfalfa plants, while melon and mock-inoculated plants did not show any symptoms. Similarly, L. schottii f. mieckleyanus plants grafted with infected cactus showed chlorotic spots after 30 days post grafting. Mechanically inoculated beans, alfalfa, and cactus plants were found to be positive for PiVX based on RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. PiVX has earlier been detected on Notocactus leninghausii f. cristatus (Park et al. 2018) and dragon fruit (Selenicereus undatus) plants in South Korea (Bae and Park 2022). To our knowledge, this is the first report of PiVX on L. schottii f. mieckleyanus in the United States and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraja Singh
- Yuma County Cooperative Extension, University of Arizona, 6425 W 8th Street, Yuma, AZ, 85364, Yuma, Arizona, United States, 85364;
| | | | - Michael Chamberland
- Maricopa County Cooperative Extension, University of Arizona, Maricopa, Arizona, United States;
| | - Bindu Poudel
- Yuma County Cooperative Extension, University of Arizona, Yuma, Arizona, United States;
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Karakavuk M, Can H, Can Ş, Karakavuk T, Döşkaya M, Değirmenci Döşkaya A. Development of a "Rapid-Crypto Colorimetric LAMP Test" to Detect Cryptosporidiosis in Feces of Newborns Calves. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:10.1007/s11686-023-00791-x. [PMID: 38358452 PMCID: PMC11001726 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptosporidiosis is a disease that causes major intestinal damage in humans and animals. The causative agents of the disease are Cryptosporidium species. In newborn calves, diarrhea can lead to death, resulting in significant economic losses for the farms. Therefore, accurate, rapid, and cost-effective diagnosis of the disease is very important. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, a novel colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) test named "Rapid-Crypto Colorimetric LAMP test" targeting Cryptosporidium spp. 18S rRNA gene was developed to detect cryptosporidiosis in the feces of newborn calves. The analytical sensitivity of the test was determined by plasmid controls. Clinical sensitivity was determined using the feces of 127 calves collected from farms in İzmir and Manisa provinces. All of the samples were also investigated with Real-Time PCR targeting the Cryptosporidium spp. COWP gene. Cross-reactivity was tested using the DNA of other parasites and bacteria. RESULTS According to the results, the analytical sensitivity of the "Rapid-Crypto Colorimetric LAMP test" was found as 1 copy plasmid/reaction. When the results were compared with the Real-Time PCR test, the sensitivity of the "Rapid-Crypto Colorimetric LAMP test" was 100% and the specificity was 97.4%. The test did not cross-react with other parasites and bacteria. CONCLUSION: The "Rapid-Crypto Colorimetric LAMP test" developed in this study provides an advantage in the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium spp. in calf stool samples since it can be applied in basic laboratories or in the field, does not require experienced personnel, and has high sensitivity. Moreover, diagnosis can be made with the naked eye without using any device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Karakavuk
- Ege University, Ödemiş Vocational School, Ödemiş, İzmir, Türkiye
- Ucyıldız Biotechnology and Veterinary Services, Yunusemre, Manisa, Türkiye
- Ege University, Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Hüseyin Can
- Ege University, Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology Molecular Biology Section, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Şengül Can
- Ucyıldız Biotechnology and Veterinary Services, Yunusemre, Manisa, Türkiye
- Ege University, Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
- Research Entrepreneurship and Innovation Coordination Center, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Yunusemre, Manisa, Türkiye
| | - Tuğba Karakavuk
- Ege University, Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Mert Döşkaya
- Ucyıldız Biotechnology and Veterinary Services, Yunusemre, Manisa, Türkiye
- Ege University, Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Aysu Değirmenci Döşkaya
- Ege University, Vaccine Development Application and Research Center, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye.
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Bornova, İzmir, Türkiye.
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Johnson ML, Zwart MP. Robust Approaches to the Quantitative Analysis of Genome Formula Variation in Multipartite and Segmented Viruses. Viruses 2024; 16:270. [PMID: 38400045 PMCID: PMC10892338 DOI: 10.3390/v16020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
When viruses have segmented genomes, the set of frequencies describing the abundance of segments is called the genome formula. The genome formula is often unbalanced and highly variable for both segmented and multipartite viruses. A growing number of studies are quantifying the genome formula to measure its effects on infection and to consider its ecological and evolutionary implications. Different approaches have been reported for analyzing genome formula data, including qualitative description, applying standard statistical tests such as ANOVA, and customized analyses. However, these approaches have different shortcomings, and test assumptions are often unmet, potentially leading to erroneous conclusions. Here, we address these challenges, leading to a threefold contribution. First, we propose a simple metric for analyzing genome formula variation: the genome formula distance. We describe the properties of this metric and provide a framework for understanding metric values. Second, we explain how this metric can be applied for different purposes, including testing for genome-formula differences and comparing observations to a reference genome formula value. Third, we re-analyze published data to illustrate the applications and weigh the evidence for previous conclusions. Our re-analysis of published datasets confirms many previous results but also provides evidence that the genome formula can be carried over from the inoculum to the virus population in a host. The simple procedures we propose contribute to the robust and accessible analysis of genome-formula data.
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Waite LL, Nahhas A, Irvahn J, Garden G, Kerfonta CM, Killelea E, Ferng W, Cummins JJ, Mereness R, Austin T, Jones S, Olson N, Wilson M, Isaac B, Pepper CA, Koolhof IS, Armstrong J. COVID-19 passenger screening to reduce travel risk and translocation of disease. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e36. [PMID: 38326275 PMCID: PMC10945944 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268824000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Aviation passenger screening has been used worldwide to mitigate the translocation risk of SARS-CoV-2. We present a model that evaluates factors in screening strategies used in air travel and assess their relative sensitivity and importance in identifying infectious passengers. We use adapted Monte Carlo simulations to produce hypothetical disease timelines for the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 for travelling passengers. Screening strategy factors assessed include having one or two RT-PCR and/or antigen tests prior to departure and/or post-arrival, and quarantine length and compliance upon arrival. One or more post-arrival tests and high quarantine compliance were the most important factors in reducing pathogen translocation. Screening that combines quarantine and post-arrival testing can shorten the length of quarantine for travelers, and variability and mean testing sensitivity in post-arrival RT-PCR and antigen tests decrease and increase with the greater time between the first and second post-arrival test, respectively. This study provides insight into the role various screening strategy factors have in preventing the translocation of infectious diseases and a flexible framework adaptable to other existing or emerging diseases. Such findings may help in public health policy and decision-making in present and future evidence-based practices for passenger screening and pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Nahhas
- The Boeing Company, Arlington, Virginia, United States
| | - Jan Irvahn
- The Boeing Company, Arlington, Virginia, United States
| | - Grace Garden
- The Boeing Company, Arlington, Virginia, United States
| | | | | | - William Ferng
- The Boeing Company, Arlington, Virginia, United States
| | | | | | - Thomas Austin
- The Boeing Company, Arlington, Virginia, United States
| | - Stephen Jones
- The Boeing Company, Arlington, Virginia, United States
| | - Nels Olson
- The Boeing Company, Arlington, Virginia, United States
| | - Mark Wilson
- The Boeing Company, Arlington, Virginia, United States
| | - Benson Isaac
- The Boeing Company, Arlington, Virginia, United States
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Chung PYJ, Dhillon SK, Simoens C, Cuypers L, Laenen L, Bonde J, Corbisier P, Buttinger G, Cocuzza CE, Van Gucht S, Van Ranst M, Arbyn M. Assessment of the clinical and analytical performance of three Seegene Allplex SARS-CoV-2 assays within the VALCOR framework. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0239723. [PMID: 38189291 PMCID: PMC10846132 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02397-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic demonstrated the need for accurate diagnostic testing for the early detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the pandemic has ended, accurate assays are still needed to monitor viral spread at national levels and beyond through population and wastewater surveillance. To enhance early detection, SARS-CoV-2 assays should have high diagnostic accuracy and should be validated to assure accurate results. Three distinct SARS-CoV-2 assays were evaluated with clinical samples using the VALCOR (VALidation of SARS-CORona Virus-2 assays) framework, with the TaqPath COVID-19 assay (ThermoFisher Scientific, USA) as a comparator. We evaluated clinical sensitivity, specificity, limit of detection (LOD), and overall concordance between comparator and three index Allplex SARS-CoV-2 assays (Seegene, South Korea): Allplex-SC2, Allplex-SC2Fast (Fast PCR), and Allplex-SC2FabR (SARS-CoV-2/FluA/FluB/respiratory syncytial virus). Analytical performance and LOD of index assays were assessed using a dilution series of three synthetic SARS-CoV-2 sequence reference materials (RMs). Ninety SARS-CoV-2 positives and 90 SARS-CoV-2 negatives were tested. All Allplex assays had 100.0% sensitivity (95%CI = 95.9%-100.0%). Allplex-SC2 and Allplex-SC2Fast assays had 97.8% specificity (95%CI = 92.3%-99.7%) and 98.9% overall concordance [κ = 0.978 (95%CI = 0.947-1.000)]. Allplex-SC2FabR assay showed 100.0% specificity (95%CI = 95.9%-100.0%) and 100.0% overall concordance [κ = 1.000 (95%CI = 1.000-1.000)]. LOD assessment of index assays revealed detection down to 2.61 × 102 copies/mL in clinical samples, while the analytical LOD was 9.00 × 102 copies/mL. In conclusion, the evaluation of the three Seegene Allplex SARS-CoV-2 assays showed high sensitivity and specificity and an overall good assay concordance with the comparator. The assays showed low analytical LOD using RM and even a slightly lower LOD in clinical samples. Non-overlapping target gene sequences between SARS-CoV-2 assays and RMs emphasize the need for aligning targeted sequences of diagnostic assays and RMs.IMPORTANCEThe coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has a significant impact on global public health, economies, and societies. As shown through the first phases of the pandemic, accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial for disease control, prevention, and monitoring. Though the pandemic phase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has concluded, diagnostic assays remain in demand to monitor SARS-CoV-2 at the individual patient level, regionally, and nationally, as well as to remain an infectious disease preparedness instrument to monitor any new SARS-CoV-2 dissemination across borders using population and wastewater surveillance. The anticipation by WHO and central health care policy entities such as the Center for Disease Control, EMA, and multiple national health authorities is that SARS-CoV-2 will reside as an endemic respiratory disease for years to come. The key strategic consideration is hence shifting from combating a pandemic situation with a high number of patients to instead allowing precise diagnostics of suspected patients with the intention of correct management in a low-prevalence setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yan Jenny Chung
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Belgian Cancer Centre, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sharonjit K. Dhillon
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Belgian Cancer Centre, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cindy Simoens
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Belgian Cancer Centre, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lize Cuypers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies Laenen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jesper Bonde
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, AHH-Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Clementina E. Cocuzza
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Marc Van Ranst
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Arbyn
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Belgian Cancer Centre, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Cossio-Bayugar R, Martinez-Ibañez F, Aguilar-Diaz H, Miranda-Miranda E. Relationship between acaricide resistance and acetylcholinesterase gene polymorphisms in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. Parasite 2024; 31:3. [PMID: 38315066 PMCID: PMC10840460 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to develop a comprehensive methodology for identifying amino acid polymorphisms in acetylcholinesterase transcript 2 (AChE2) in acaricide-resistant Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. This included assessing AChE2 expression levels through qPCR and conducting 3D modeling to evaluate the interaction between acaricides and AChE2 using docking techniques. The study produced significant results, demonstrating that acaricide-resistant R. microplus ticks exhibit significantly higher levels of AChE expression than susceptible reference ticks. In terms of amino acid sequence, we identified 9 radical amino acid substitutions in AChE2 from acaricide-resistant ticks, when compared to the gene sequence of the susceptible reference strain. To further understand the implications of these substitutions, we utilized 3D acaricide-AChE2 docking modeling to examine the interaction between the acaricide and the AChE2 catalytic site. Our models suggest that these amino acid polymorphisms alter the configuration of the binding pocket, thereby contributing to differences in acaricide interactions and ultimately providing insights into the acaricide-resistance phenomenon in R. microplus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cossio-Bayugar
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias INIFAP Boulevard Cuauhnahuac 8534, Jiutepec Morelos CP 625574 México
| | - Francisco Martinez-Ibañez
- Departamento de Ectoparásitos y Dípteros. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria SADER Boulevard Cuauhnahuac 8534, Jiutepec Morelos CP 625574 México
| | - Hugo Aguilar-Diaz
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias INIFAP Boulevard Cuauhnahuac 8534, Jiutepec Morelos CP 625574 México
| | - Estefan Miranda-Miranda
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias INIFAP Boulevard Cuauhnahuac 8534, Jiutepec Morelos CP 625574 México
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Menezes RDS, Dornas MC, Campos CFF, Rodeiro DB, Carrerette FB, Oliveira RV, de Souza BA, Alves de Souza Carvalho G, Brito IADA, Silva DA, Damião R, Porto LC. Evaluation of HNF1B, KLK3, ELAC2, TMPRSS2-ERG, and CTNNB1 polymorphisms associated with prostate cancer in samples of patients from HUPE-UERJ. Prostate 2024; 84:166-176. [PMID: 37839045 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading cause of death among men in 48 countries. Genetic alterations play a significant role in PCa carcinogenesis. For the hypothesis of this research, five unique polymorphisms (SNP) were investigated in different genes that showed to be associated in different ways with PCa: rs4430796, rs2735839, rs4792311, rs12329760, and rs28931588, respectively for the genes HNF1B, KLK3, ELAC2, TMPRSS2-ERG, and CTNNB1. PATIENTS AND METHODS Blood samples from 426 subjects were evaluated: 290 controls (161 females and 129 males) and 136 PCa patients. SNP were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. In the control samples, the SNPs were defined in association with the self-reported ethnicity, and in 218 control samples with markers with ancestry indicators. The genes were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. One hundred and seventy control samples were matched by ethnicity for comparison with the PCa samples. RESULTS The G allele at rs28931588 was monomorphic in both patients and controls studied. Significant differences were observed in allelic and genotypic frequencies between the control and Pca samples in rs2735839 (KLK3; p = 0.002 and χ2 = 8.73 and p = 0.01, respectively), by the global frequency and in the dominant model rs2735839_GG (odds ratio [OR] = 0.51, p = 0.02). AA and GA genotypes at rs4792311 (ELAC2) were more frequent in patients with Gleason 7(4 + 3), 8, and 9 (n = 37%-59.7%) compared to patients with Gleason 6 and 7(3 + 4) (n = 26%-40.0%) conferring a protective effect on the GG genotype (OR = 0.45, p = 0.02). The same genotype showed an OR = 2.71 (p = 0.01) for patients with low severity. The HNF1B-KLK3-ELAC2-TMPRSS2-ERG haplotypes: GAAT, AAAT, GAGT, and AAGT were more frequent in patients with Pca with OR ranging from 4.65 to 2.48. CONCLUSIONS Higher frequencies of risk alleles were confirmed in the SNPs, KLK3 rs2735839_A, ELAC2 rs4792311_A, and TMPRSS2 rs12329760_T in patients with Pca. Rs2735839_A was associated with risk of Pca and rs4792311_A with severity and Gleason score of 7(4 + 3) or greater. There is a need for careful observation of rs2735839 and rs4792311 in association with the prostatic biopsy due to the increased risk of Pca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Dos Santos Menezes
- Human and Experimental Biology Graduate Program, IBRAG, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Dornas
- Urology Teaching Assistance Unit (UDA), FCM, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital (HUPE) and the Piquet Carneiro University Polyclinic (PPC), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Ferreira Campos
- Anatomopathological Service Pedro Ernesto University Hospital (HUPE), FCM, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bouzas Rodeiro
- Urology Teaching Assistance Unit (UDA), FCM, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital (HUPE) and the Piquet Carneiro University Polyclinic (PPC), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Borges Carrerette
- Urology Teaching Assistance Unit (UDA), FCM, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital (HUPE) and the Piquet Carneiro University Polyclinic (PPC), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Romulo Vianna Oliveira
- Tissue Repair and Histocompatibility Technological Core (Tixus), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Brenda Amaral de Souza
- Tissue Repair and Histocompatibility Technological Core (Tixus), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dayse Aparecida Silva
- Laboratory of DNA Diagnostic, IBRAG, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Damião
- Urology Teaching Assistance Unit (UDA), FCM, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital (HUPE) and the Piquet Carneiro University Polyclinic (PPC), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luís Cristóvão Porto
- Tissue Repair and Histocompatibility Technological Core (Tixus), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Das AK, Islam F, Alvi Y, Dudeja M, Ahmad M, Rahman A, Roy S, Aamir, Ahmed M. SARS-CoV-2 infection and seropositivity among household contacts of laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19 in residents of Delhi, India. Prev Med Rep 2024; 38:102603. [PMID: 38292028 PMCID: PMC10826300 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The transmission of respiratory pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, is often facilitated through household contact. To better understand the transmission rate of COVID-19 among households and factors that affect viral clearance and seroconversion, a case-ascertained community-based prospective study was conducted between December 2020 and June 2021 on the urban population of the national capital region of India. The study collected nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR on the 1st, 7th, 14th, and 28th day, and blood samples for antibody detection on the 1st, 14th, and 28th day from household contacts (HCs) of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases. The study monitored the demographic data, symptoms, and outcomes of 417 participants, including 99 index cases and 318 contacts, for a period of 28 days. The results of the study showed that SARS-CoV-2 was easily spread within households, with a secondary infection rate of 44.3 %. In fact, almost 70 % of the contacts got infected within 1-2 days of identification of the index case, while 34 % remained asymptomatic. Sero-conversion was found in 35.6 % of the participants while 22.9 % did not produce antibodies after 28 days of infection. The study also revealed that females, spouses, older members, and primary care providers were at higher risk of getting infected in a home setting. However, approximately one-third of individuals in the younger age group managed to avoid infection. The study demonstrated that most infected individuals became RT-PCR negative within two weeks, although viral clearance was delayed in older patients and those with lower cycle threshold values in RT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Kumar Das
- Department of Microbiology, Hamdard Insititute of Medical Science & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Farzana Islam
- Department of Community Medicine, Hamdard Insititute of Medical Science & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Yasir Alvi
- Department of Community Medicine, Hamdard Insititute of Medical Science & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mridu Dudeja
- Department of Microbiology, Hamdard Insititute of Medical Science & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, R.K. Khanna Tennis Stadium, 1, Africa Avenue, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Anisur Rahman
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, R.K. Khanna Tennis Stadium, 1, Africa Avenue, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sushovan Roy
- Department of Community Medicine, Hamdard Insititute of Medical Science & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Aamir
- Department of Microbiology, Hamdard Insititute of Medical Science & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Maroof Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Hamdard Insititute of Medical Science & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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Leyane TS, Jere SW, Houreld NN. Effect of photobiomodulation at 830 nm on gene expression correlated with JAK/STAT signalling in wounded and diabetic wounded fibroblasts in vitro. J Biophotonics 2024; 17:e202300230. [PMID: 38010362 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of chronic diabetic wounds is an ongoing socio-economic challenge. Dysregulated signalling pathways characterise cells from chronic diabetic wounds. Photobiomodulation (PBM) stimulates healing by eliciting photochemical effects that affect gene regulation. JAK/STAT signalling is a primary signal transduction pathway involved in wound healing. This in vitro study aimed to determine if PBM at 830 nm and a fluence of 5 J/cm2 regulates genes related to JAK/STAT signalling in wounded and diabetic wounded fibroblast cells. A continuous wave diode laser (12.53 mW/cm2 ) was used to irradiate cells. Forty-eight hours post-PBM, RT-qPCR was used to analyse 84 genes related to JAK/STAT signalling. Five genes were upregulated and four downregulated in wounded cell models, while six genes were downregulated in diabetic wounded models. The results show drastic gene expression differences between wounded and diabetic wounded cell models in response to PBM using 830 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thobekile S Leyane
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sandy W Jere
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicolette N Houreld
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Yildiz S, Bayil Oguzkan S, Ozaslan M, Kizikli A, Halil Kilic I, Yilmaz M. Interleukin-6 And Interleukin-10 Polymorphisms In Chronic Lymphoid Leukemia Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:461-464. [PMID: 38415531 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.2.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A major part of the cytokines secreted from the immune system are interleukins (IL) and their main role is to stimulate the immune system cells. Therefore the genotypic effects of IL-6 and IL-10 on the immune system in CLL were investigated in the study. METHOD For this purpose 100 patients diagnosed with CLL and 70 healthy individuals with no cancer history were included in the study. Polymorphisms at IL10 and IL 6 promoter regions (1082 A\G and 819 C\T) and IL6 (174 G\C) polymorphisms were analyzed with RT-PCR. Genotype and allele frequencies were directly calculated. RESULT In 100 CLL patients, 45 wild type AA, 40 AG and 15 mutant type GG genotypes were found for the IL 10 1082 A\G region. Genotypic distribution of IL10 819 C\T region was determined as CC, BT and TT genotypes in 37, 50 and 13 patients, respectively. In IL 6 174 G\C region, GG, GC and CC genotypes were determined in 62, 30 and 8 patients, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference between the CLL patients and control groups in terms of IL10 1082 A\G, 819 C\T and IL 6 174 G/C regions (p> 0.05). As a result of the allele frequency calculation of the IL 10 1082 region, the values obtained were A (0.65), G (0.35) for the patient group and (0.61) and G (0.31) for the control group. 819 region allele frequencies were C (0.57) and T (0.33) in the patient group and C (0.48) and T (0.32) in the control group. The IL6 174 region was calculated as G (0.82), C (0.28) in the patient group and G (0.63), C (0.23) in the control group. Given the number of patients within the limits of this study, IL 10 and IL 6 genotype frequencies do not seem to be statistically related to CLL patients. CONCLUSION Mutant alleles of all interleukin SNPs were determined at a higher frequency in the patient group as compared to the control group. Therefore, a potential correlation between the SNPs of these interleukins and CLL can be determined in future studies with a higher number of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanem Yildiz
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Sibel Bayil Oguzkan
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ozaslan
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Alperen Kizikli
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Halil Kilic
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Setta A, Yehia N, Shaheen M, Shami A, Al-Saeed FA, Alsamghan A, Amin R, El-Saadony MT, El-Tarabily KA, Salem HM. Continuous clinicopathological and molecular recognition of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus in commercial broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103306. [PMID: 38228049 PMCID: PMC10823078 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Gumboro virus is one of the most dangerous immunosuppressant viruses that infect chickens and causes massive financial losses worldwide. The current study aims to conduct a molecular characterization of chicken farms for the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Based on postmortem (PM) lesions, 125 bursal samples from 25 farms were collected from clinically diseased commercial chicken farms with increased mortality and suspected Gumboro virus infection. Pooled bursal samples from suspected IBD-vaccinated flocks were tested for IBDV by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Fifteen out of 25 pooled specimens were found positive for IBDV, with a 60% detection rate, and confirmed positive for very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) by sequence analysis. Nucleotide phylogenetic analysis of VP1 and VP2 genes was employed to compare the 5 chosen isolates with strains representing different governorates in Egypt during 2022. All strains were clustered with vvIBDV with no evidence of reassortment in the VP1 gene. The VP1 and VP2 genes are divided into groups (I, II). The strains in our study were related to group II, and it acquired a new mutation in the VP2 gene that clustered it into new subgroup B. By mutation analysis, the VP2 gene of all strains had a characteristic mutation to vvIBDV. It acquired new mutations in HVRs compared with HK46 in Y220F, A222T/V in all strains in our study, and Q221K that was found in IBD-EGY-AH5 and AH2 in the loop PBC in addition to G254S in all strains in our study and Q249k that found in IBD-EGY-AH1 and AH3 in the loop PDE. These mutations are important in the virulency and antigenicity of the virus. The VP1 had 242E, 390M, and 393D which were characteristic of vvIBDV and KpnI restriction enzyme (777GGTAC/C782) in addition to a new mutation (F243Y and N383H) in IBD-EGY-AH1 and AH4 strains. According to the current study, the strains were distinct from the vaccinal strain; they could be responsible for the most recent IBDV outbreaks observed in flocks instead of received vaccinations. The current study highlighted the importance of molecular monitoring to keep up to date on the circulating IBDV for regular evaluation of commercial vaccination programs against circulating field viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Setta
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; Ceva Sante Animale, Al Sheikh Zayed, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nahed Yehia
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Momtaz Shaheen
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Ashwag Shami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah A Al-Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad Alsamghan
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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Hüttl J, Reitt K, Meli ML, Meili T, Bönzli E, Pineroli B, Ginders J, Schoster A, Jones S, Tyson GB, Hosie MJ, Pusterla N, Wernike K, Hofmann-Lehmann R. Serological and Molecular Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 in Horses and Cattle in Switzerland from 2020 to 2022. Viruses 2024; 16:224. [PMID: 38400000 PMCID: PMC10892882 DOI: 10.3390/v16020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Horses and cattle have shown low susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, and there is no evidence of experimental intraspecies transmission. Nonetheless, seropositive horses in the US and seropositive cattle in Germany and Italy have been reported. The current study investigated the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in horses and cattle in Switzerland. In total, 1940 serum and plasma samples from 1110 horses and 830 cattle were screened with a species-specific ELISA based on the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and, in the case of suspect positive results, a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) was used to demonstrate the neutralizing activity of the antibodies. Further confirmation of suspect positive samples was performed using either a pseudotype-based virus neutralization assay (PVNA; horses) or an indirect immunofluorescence test (IFA; cattle). The animals were sampled between February 2020 and December 2022. Additionally, in total, 486 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), oropharyngeal, nasal and rectal swab samples from horses and cattle were analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA via reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Six horses (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.2-1.2%) were suspect positive via RBD-ELISA, and neutralizing antibodies were detected in two of them via confirmatory sVNT and PVNA tests. In the PVNA, the highest titers were measured against the Alpha and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants. Fifteen cattle (1.8%; 95% CI: 1.0-3.0%) were suspect positive in RBD-ELISA; 3 of them had SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies in sVNT and 4 of the 15 were confirmed to be positive via IFA. All tested samples were RT-qPCR-negative. The results support the hypotheses that the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in horses and cattle in Switzerland was low up to the end of 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hüttl
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Veterinary Diagnostic Services, Frohbergstrasse 3, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.L.M.); (T.M.); (E.B.); (B.P.); (J.G.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Katja Reitt
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Veterinary Diagnostic Services, Frohbergstrasse 3, 9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Marina L. Meli
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.L.M.); (T.M.); (E.B.); (B.P.); (J.G.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Theres Meili
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.L.M.); (T.M.); (E.B.); (B.P.); (J.G.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Eva Bönzli
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.L.M.); (T.M.); (E.B.); (B.P.); (J.G.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Benita Pineroli
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.L.M.); (T.M.); (E.B.); (B.P.); (J.G.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Julia Ginders
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.L.M.); (T.M.); (E.B.); (B.P.); (J.G.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Angelika Schoster
- Clinic for Equine Internal Medicine, Equine Department, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Sarah Jones
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (S.J.)
| | - Grace B. Tyson
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (S.J.)
- MRC-University of Glasgow, Centre for Virus Research, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| | - Margaret J. Hosie
- MRC-University of Glasgow, Centre for Virus Research, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| | - Nicola Pusterla
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Kerstin Wernike
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Clinical Laboratory, Vetsuisse Faculty, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.L.M.); (T.M.); (E.B.); (B.P.); (J.G.); (R.H.-L.)
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Abbas MA, Abo Shady HM, Ahmed Elshafey OH, Al-Sheikh NM. Association between expression levels of p53, miRNA-21, and lncRNA-TCL6 and the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women. Gene 2024; 893:147932. [PMID: 37898451 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a hypertensive pregnancy-related disorder. The etiology of preeclampsia is still not fully elucidated. Genetic factors are suggested to play a vital role. AIM The association between p53, miRNA-21, and lncRNA-TCL6 expression levels and the risk of preeclampsia and its onset and severity in pregnant women was evaluated. METHOD Expression levels of the analyzed RNAs were assessed in the serum samples from 75 preeclamptic pregnant women and 75 volunteer pregnant women with an uncomplicated pregnancy. RESULTS Cases showed upregulated p53, lnc-TCL6, and downregulated miRNA-21. P53 expression and preeclampsia severity were substantially correlated, while miRNA-21 and lnc-TCL6 were not. None of them was associated with preeclampsia onset. In diagnosing preeclampsia, p53 had the best sensitivity (98.67 %), followed by miRNA-21 (97.33 %) and lnc-TCL6 (92 %). P53 had the highest sensitivity (68.42 %) for distinguishing mild from severe cases. Lnc-TCL6 exhibited 52.63 % sensitivity, while miRNA-21 had 52.63 % sensitivity. Finally, for discriminating early and late-onset cases, miRNA-21 demonstrated the highest sensitivity (66 %), followed by p53 (62 %) and lnc-TCL6 (54 %). P53 expression was inversely correlated with proteinuria. Parity, TLC, platelet count, AST, and ALT were positively correlated, while lnc-TCL6 expression was negatively correlated with miRNA-21 expression. However, parity negatively correlated with lnc-TCL6 expression. CONCLUSION P53, miRNA-21, and lnc-TCL6 were dysregulated in preeclampsia compared to normal pregnancy, highlighting the role of apoptosis in its development. P53 can be a prognostic marker for preeclampsia, discriminating between mild and severe cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Ahmed Abbas
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Heba Maged Abo Shady
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | | | - Nevein M Al-Sheikh
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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Lane D, Allsopp R, Holmes CW, Slingsby OC, Jukes-Jones R, Bird P, Anderson NL, Razavi M, Yip R, Pearson TW, Pope M, Khunti K, Doykov I, Hällqvist J, Mills K, Skipp P, Carling R, Ng L, Shaw J, Gupta P, Jones DJL. A high throughput immuno-affinity mass spectrometry method for detection and quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein in human saliva and its comparison with RT-PCR, RT-LAMP, and lateral flow rapid antigen test. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2023-0243. [PMID: 38253336 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods exist that can detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in different matrices. RT-PCR is highly sensitive, although viral RNA may be detected long after active infection has taken place. SARS-CoV-2 proteins have shorter detection windows hence their detection might be more meaningful. Given salivary droplets represent a main source of transmission, we explored the detection of viral RNA and protein using four different detection platforms including SISCAPA peptide immunoaffinity liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SISCAPA-LC-MS) using polyclonal capture antibodies. METHODS The SISCAPA-LC MS method was compared to RT-PCR, RT-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), and a lateral flow rapid antigen test (RAT) for the detection of virus material in the drool saliva of 102 patients hospitalised after infection with SARS-CoV-2. Cycle thresholds (Ct) of RT-PCR (E gene) were compared to RT-LAMP time-to-positive (TTP) (NE and Orf1a genes), RAT optical densitometry measurements (test line/control line ratio) and to SISCAPA-LC-MS for measurements of viral protein. RESULTS SISCAPA-LC-MS showed low sensitivity (37.7 %) but high specificity (89.8 %). RAT showed lower sensitivity (24.5 %) and high specificity (100 %). RT-LAMP had high sensitivity (83.0 %) and specificity (100.0 %). At high initial viral RNA loads (<20 Ct), results obtained using SISCAPA-LC-MS correlated with RT-PCR (R2 0.57, p-value 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein in saliva was less frequent than the detection of viral RNA. The SISCAPA-LC-MS method allowed processing of multiple samples in <150 min and was scalable, enabling high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lane
- The Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Diseases, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rebecca Allsopp
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher W Holmes
- Clinical Microbiology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Rebekah Jukes-Jones
- The Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Diseases, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Paul Bird
- Clinical Microbiology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | - Richard Yip
- SISCAPA Assay Technologies, Inc., Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Matt Pope
- SISCAPA Assay Technologies, Inc., Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ivan Doykov
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Department, Translational Mass Spectrometry Research Group, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jenny Hällqvist
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Department, Translational Mass Spectrometry Research Group, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Kevin Mills
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Department, Translational Mass Spectrometry Research Group, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Paul Skipp
- Centre for Proteomic Research, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rachel Carling
- Biochemical Sciences, Synnovis, Guys & St Thomas' NHSFT, London, UK
- GKT School Medical Education, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Leong Ng
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- van Geest MS-OMICS Facility, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jacqui Shaw
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- The Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Diseases, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Donald J L Jones
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- van Geest MS-OMICS Facility, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Murcia Bermudez JM, Singh N, Chamberland M, Poudel-Ward B. First Report of rattail cactus necrosis-associated virus Infecting Prickly pear ( Opuntia macrocentra) in the United States. Plant Dis 2024. [PMID: 38190366 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1344-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Black-spined prickly pear (Opuntia macrocentra Engelmann; Cactaceae) is a cactus native to Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and northwest Mexico. The plant is often grown for ornamental purposes in the United States. In February 2023, virus-like symptoms such as concentric ringspots and chlorotic spots were observed on O. macrocentra plants grown at the vicinity of Maricopa County Cooperative extension, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ (33°24'24.6"N, 111°59'15.3"W). Total RNA was extracted from two samples (YPHC-60-A and YPHC-60-B), following the protocol by Tzanetakis et al. (2007). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed with degenerate tobamovirus, TobamodF/TobamodR (Li et al. 2018) and potexvirus, 1RC, Potex 2RC, and Potex 5 (van der Vlugt and Berendsen 2002) primers. An expected amplicon of ~880 bp was obtained from both samples using TobamodF/TobamodR primers, while no amplification was observed with potexvirus primers. Further, RT-PCR was carried out using species-specific primers to detect cacti related tobamoviruses: cactus mild mottle virus (CMMoV), rattail cactus necrosis-associated virus (RCNaV) (Park et al. 2018) and Opuntia virus 2 (Salgado-Ortiz et al. 2020). Amplicons of ~540 bp were amplified from both samples using RCNaV specific primers, whereas no amplification was obtained using CMMoV and Opuntia virus 2 specific primers. Then, the amplicons from both YPHC-60 (A-B) isolates (~540 bp) were Sanger sequenced and shared 99.22% nucleotide identity to each other. A BLAST search revealed 93% nucleotide identity with RCNaV CP sequences (KY581586.1, JF729471, and MT130378.1). The sequences were submitted in the GenBank (accessions no. OQ914798 and OR828526). Furthermore, complete RCNaV- RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) gene was amplified using primers 3490-s-5'GTAGGTGGTACCGCATAGCA-3'; 3490as 5'AAACGCAAGTCMRYGACYGA-3' (designed in this study from accession no. JF729471.1, position 3490-3509 and 4905-4925). The expected amplicons of ~1,500 bp were obtained from both YPHC-60 (A-B) samples and sequenced (GenBank: OQ914799 and OR823954) showing 87.5 % identity with RCNaV sequences (JF729471.1 and NC_016442.1). The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree clustered YPHC-60 (A-B) isolates in a single clade with other RCNaV isolates. RCNaV virus particles were isolated from YPHC-60 (A-B) and submitted for RNA extraction, testing positive for RCNaV by RT-PCR. Sap extract of YPHC-60 (A-B) prepared in 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH =7.0) was used to mechanically inoculate 3 indicator plant species (n=10): Phaseolus vulgaris, Medicago sativa, and Cucumis melo. Also, infected tissue was used to graft Opuntia sp. plants. Symptoms such as local lesions were observed on M. sativa and vein thickening on P. vulgaris 14 days post-inoculation, while Opuntia sp. showed chlorosis 30 days after grafting. RCNaV infection in mechanically inoculated P. vulgaris, M. sativa, and Opuntia sp. was also confirmed through RT-PCR. C. melo and non-inoculated control plants did not show any symptoms, nor tested positive through RT-PCR. RCNaV has been reported earlier to infect cactus species in South Korea (Park et al. 2018) and O. albicarpa in Mexico (De La Torre-Almaráz et al. 2016), where it was found in several orchards. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of RCNaV infecting O. macrocentra in the United States. This study highlights that RCNaV is easily transmitted mechanically or by grafting, which could impact the nursery industry as most cacti are clonally propagated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neeraja Singh
- Yuma County Cooperative Extension, University of Arizona, 6425 W 8th Street, Yuma, AZ, 85364, Yuma, Arizona, United States, 85364;
| | - Michael Chamberland
- The University of Arizona, 8041, Maricopa County Cooperative Extension , Maricopa , Arizona, United States;
| | - Bindu Poudel-Ward
- The University of Arizona, 8041, Yuma County Cooperative Extension, Yuma , Arizona, United States;
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Ripa A, Díaz-Caballero JA, Palacios-González MJ, Espinosa A, García-Zapata JL, Fernández-Garcia JL. Application of real-time PCR for the identification of the endangered species Galemys pyrenaicus through faecal samples. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:76. [PMID: 38180618 PMCID: PMC10770224 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, many micromammals are important targets for study. The endangered Galemys pyrenaicus is an outstanding example. Globally, their populations have suffered a substantial decline in last 20 years. In the surveyed area, the capture of desman is legally forbidden due to the high conservation concerns. Reason by non-invasive sampling through faeces is proposed for its monitoring. Furthermore, the confusion between faeces from desman and Mediterranean water shrews must be considered. Thus, the aim of this study was focused on developing RT-PCR assays to determine the presence of Galemys pyrenaicus and N. a. anomalus from non-invasive samples. METHODS AND RESULTS The study was conducted in the mountains of the System Central of Extremadura (Spain). A total of 186 samples were collected from 2018 to 2021 by experts where historically reported and/or our previous studies confirmed their presence. RT-PCR assays using hydrolysis probes were designed to detect genetic material from both desman and Mediterranean water shrews and its specificity was confirmed. The reliability of the method was further assessed by PCR sequencing of mitochondrial Cyb and d-loop, resulting fully compatible with the RT-PCR approach. Intraspecific phylogenetic relationship was reported to improve knowledge about mtDNA variability in the desman from the Central System. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that RT-PCR gives a gold opportunity to further map the species using faeces which minimizes disturbance and reports both population status and individual presence. Cost-effective RT-PCR combined with field-collected faeces allows us to better investigate the full range of occurrence of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ripa
- Genetic and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José A Díaz-Caballero
- Dirección General Sostenibilidad, Consejería Para La Transición Ecológica y Sostenibilidad, Junta de Extremadura, 06800, Merida, Spain
- Área del Medio Natural, Sociedad de Gestión Pública de Extremadura (GPEX), Junta de Extremadura, Mérida, España
| | - María Jesús Palacios-González
- Dirección General Sostenibilidad, Consejería Para La Transición Ecológica y Sostenibilidad, Junta de Extremadura, 06800, Merida, Spain
| | - Antonio Espinosa
- Genetic and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071, Cáceres, Spain
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Tamura D, Morisawa Y, Mato T, Nunomiya S, Yoshihiro M, Maehara Y, Ito S, Ochiai Y, Yamagishi H, Tajima T, Yamagata T, Osaka H. Temporal Trend of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant and RSV in the Nasal Cavity and Accuracy of the Newly Developed Antigen-Detecting Rapid Diagnostic Test. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:119. [PMID: 38201428 PMCID: PMC10802845 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to analyze the viral titers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) at the anterior nasal site (ANS) and nasopharyngeal site (NS), evaluate their virological dynamics, and validate the usefulness of a newly developed two-antigen-detecting rapid antigen diagnostic test (Ag-RDT) that simultaneously detects SARS-CoV-2 and RSV using clinical specimens. This study included 195 asymptomatic to severely ill patients. Overall, 668 specimens were collected simultaneously from the ANS and NS. The cycle threshold (Ct) values calculated from real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze temporal changes in viral load and evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the Ag-RDT. The mean Ct values for SARS-CoV-2-positive, ANS, and NS specimens were 28.8, 28.9, and 28.7, respectively. The mean Ct values for RSV-positive, ANS, and NS specimens were 28.7, 28.8, and 28.6, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 and RSV showed the same trend in viral load, although the viral load of NS was higher than that of ANS. The sensitivity and specificity of the newly developed Ag-RDT were excellent in specimens collected up to 10 days after the onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection and up to 6 days after the onset of RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (H.Y.)
| | - Yuji Morisawa
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Takashi Mato
- Department of Emergency Center, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shin Nunomiya
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshihiro
- Research & Development Division, Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
| | - Yuta Maehara
- Research & Development Division, Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
| | - Shizuka Ito
- Research & Development Division, Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ochiai
- Research & Development Division, Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0027, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yamagishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (H.Y.)
| | - Toshihiro Tajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (H.Y.)
| | - Takanori Yamagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (H.Y.)
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan; (H.Y.)
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Dong B, Zhang X, Zhong X, Hu W, Lin Z, Zhang S, Deng H, Lin W. Prevalence of natural feline coronavirus infection in domestic cats in Fujian, China. Virol J 2024; 21:2. [PMID: 38172898 PMCID: PMC10765712 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Only few studies have investigated the prevalence of feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection in domestic cats in Fujian, China. This is the first study to report the prevalence rate of FCoV infection in domestic cats in Fujian, China, and to analyse the epidemiological characteristics of FCoV infection in the region. A total of 112 cat faecal samples were collected from animal hospitals and catteries in the Fujian Province. RNA was extracted from faecal material for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The prevalence rate of FCoV infection was determined, and its epidemiological risk factors were analysed. The overall prevalence of FCoV infection in the cats, was 67.9%. We did not observe a significant association between the age, sex, or breed of the cats included in the study and the prevalence rate of the viral infection. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the four strains from Fujian were all type I FCoV. This is the first study to analyse the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of FCoV infection in domestic cats in Fujian, China, using faecal samples. The results of this study provide preliminary data regarding the prevalence of FCoV infection in the Fujian Province for epidemiological studies on FCoV in China and worldwide. Future studies should perform systematic and comprehensive epidemiological investigations to determine the prevalence of FCoV infection in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Dong
- College of Life Science of Longyan University, 364012, Longyan, China.
- Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, College of Life Science, Fujian Province University, Longyan University, Longyan, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Life Science of Longyan University, 364012, Longyan, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhong
- College of Life Science of Longyan University, 364012, Longyan, China
| | - Wenqian Hu
- College of Life Science of Longyan University, 364012, Longyan, China
| | - Zhihui Lin
- College of Life Science of Longyan University, 364012, Longyan, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- College of Life Science of Longyan University, 364012, Longyan, China
| | - Haiyan Deng
- College of Life Science of Longyan University, 364012, Longyan, China
| | - Weiming Lin
- College of Life Science of Longyan University, 364012, Longyan, China.
- Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, College of Life Science, Fujian Province University, Longyan University, Longyan, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan, China.
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Krishnamoorthy A, Upadhyay R, Sevanan M. Chrysin for Neurotrophic and Neurotransmitter Balance in Parkinson's Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:477-490. [PMID: 38427256 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has a direct impact on the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), dopamine in the striatum (ST), homovanillic acid (HVA), neurotrophic factors of the SNpc, and ST regions leading to Parkinson's disease (PD). Dopaminergic neuron atrophy in the SNpc and dopamine degradation in the ST have an explicit link to disrupted homeostasis of the neurotrophic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) of the SNpc and ST regions. Chrysin is a flavonoid with a pharmacological potential that directly influences neurotrophic levels as well as neurotransmitters. As a result, analysis of the altering levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and its metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), are observed via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the confirmation of the influential role of BDNF and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the homeostasis of dopamine, DOPAC, and HAV via examination of gene expression. The observation confirmed that chrysin balances the altering levels of neurotransmitters as well as neurotrophic factors. The protocols for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and HPLC analysis for neurotransmitter levels from the SNpc and ST regions of acute PD mice brain-induced MPTP are described in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riddhi Upadhyay
- Division of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore, India
| | - Murugan Sevanan
- Division of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore, India
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50
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Farnoushi Y, Heller D, Lublin A. Genetic characterization of newly emerging avian reovirus variants in chickens with viral arthritis/tenosynovitis in Israel. Virology 2024; 589:109908. [PMID: 37952464 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, new avian reovirus (ARV) variants caused a variety of symptoms in chickens worldwide, the most important of which was Viral arthritis/tenosynovitis which caused substantial economic losses and has become a concern to the worldwide chicken industry. In this study, we characterized emerging ARV variants in Israel and analyzed their genetic relationship with reference strains. One hundred thirty-four ARV variants were isolated from tendons and synovial fluids of commercial broiler chickens with signs of arthritis/tenosynovitis. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial segment of the sigma C (σC) gene confirmed that these field isolates from Israel could be clustered into all six known clusters. The majority of ARV isolates in Israel belonged to the genotypic cluster 5 (GC5). The strains in this study had a low sequence identity when compared to the commercial vaccine (strain S1133). The findings of this study demonstrated the genetic diversity of ARV strains in Israel from 2015 to 2022. It is reasonable to conclude from the preliminary results of this investigation that Israel has not been subject to selection pressure or the emergence of new ARV variants since the introduction of the live vaccine (ISR-7585). Due to the ongoing emergence of ARV variants, a robust epidemiological monitoring program supported by molecular biology techniques is required to track ARV strains in Israeli poultry flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigal Farnoushi
- Department of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, 5025001, Israel; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
| | - Dan Heller
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Avishai Lublin
- Department of Avian Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, 5025001, Israel
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