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Mielke A, Badihi G, Graham KE, Grund C, Hashimoto C, Piel AK, Safryghin A, Slocombe KE, Stewart F, Wilke C, Zuberbühler K, Hobaiter C. Many morphs: Parsing gesture signals from the noise. Behav Res Methods 2024:10.3758/s13428-024-02368-6. [PMID: 38438657 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Parsing signals from noise is a general problem for signallers and recipients, and for researchers studying communicative systems. Substantial efforts have been invested in comparing how other species encode information and meaning, and how signalling is structured. However, research depends on identifying and discriminating signals that represent meaningful units of analysis. Early approaches to defining signal repertoires applied top-down approaches, classifying cases into predefined signal types. Recently, more labour-intensive methods have taken a bottom-up approach describing detailed features of each signal and clustering cases based on patterns of similarity in multi-dimensional feature-space that were previously undetectable. Nevertheless, it remains essential to assess whether the resulting repertoires are composed of relevant units from the perspective of the species using them, and redefining repertoires when additional data become available. In this paper we provide a framework that takes data from the largest set of wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) gestures currently available, splitting gesture types at a fine scale based on modifying features of gesture expression using latent class analysis (a model-based cluster detection algorithm for categorical variables), and then determining whether this splitting process reduces uncertainty about the goal or community of the gesture. Our method allows different features of interest to be incorporated into the splitting process, providing substantial future flexibility across, for example, species, populations, and levels of signal granularity. Doing so, we provide a powerful tool allowing researchers interested in gestural communication to establish repertoires of relevant units for subsequent analyses within and between systems of communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mielke
- Wild Minds Lab, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Gal Badihi
- Wild Minds Lab, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Kirsty E Graham
- Wild Minds Lab, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Charlotte Grund
- Wild Minds Lab, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Chie Hashimoto
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Alex K Piel
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Human Origins, Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Safryghin
- Wild Minds Lab, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | | | - Fiona Stewart
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Human Origins, Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Wilke
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Klaus Zuberbühler
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Hobaiter
- Wild Minds Lab, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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2
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Xiong H, Ji L, Yang J, Wan J, Song M, Liu G, Yang L, Dong X. Analysis of CD8 + TCRβ Chain repertoire in peripheral blood of vitiligo via high-throughput sequencing. Mol Immunol 2023; 160:112-120. [PMID: 37421821 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune depigmentation dermatosis induced by melanocyte destruction, and CD8+ T cells play a pivotal role in melanocyte destruction. However, an accurate profile of the CD8+ T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in vitiligo patients has not been reported, and the clonotype features of the involved CD8+ T cells remain largely unknown. This study aimed to assess the TCRβ chain repertoire diversity and composition of blood in nine nonsegmental vitiligo patients via high-throughput sequencing. Vitiligo patients manifested a low TCRβ repertoire diversity with highly expanded clones. Differential usage of TRBV, the TRBJ gene, and the TRBV/TRBJ combination were compared between patients with vitiligo and healthy controls. A set of TRBV/TRBJ combinations could differentiate patients with vitiligo from healthy controls (area under the curve = 0.9383, 95% CI: 0.8167-1.00). Our study revealed distinct TCRβ repertoires of CD8+ T cells in patients with vitiligo and will help explore novel immune biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyan Ji
- Beijing GenePlus Genomics Institute, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianji Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Guangren Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Beijing GenePlus Genomics Institute, China
| | - Xiuqin Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Levinson M, Khass M, Burrows PD, Schroeder HW. Germline-enforced enrichment for charged amino acids in TCR beta chain (TCRβ) complementarity determining region 3 (CDR-B3) alters T cell development, repertoire content, and antigen recognition. Immunogenetics 2023:10.1007/s00251-023-01304-w. [PMID: 37119386 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-023-01304-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
T cell receptor beta chain (TCRβ) diversity (Dβ) gene segments are highly conserved across evolution, with trout Dβ1 sequence identical to human and mouse Dβ1. A key conserved feature is enrichment for glycine in all three Dβ reading frames (RFs). Previously, we found that replacement of mouse Dβ1 with a typical immunoglobulin DH sequence, which unlike Dβ is enriched for tyrosine, leads to an increase in the use of tyrosine in TCRβ complementarity determining region 3 (CDR-B3) after thymic selection, altering T cell numbers, CDR-B3 diversity, and T cell function. To test whether the incorporation of charged amino acids into the Dβ sequence in place of glycine would also influence T cell biology, we targeted the TCRβ locus with a novel glycine-deficient DβDKRQ allele that replaces Dβ1 coding sequence with charged amino acids in all three reading frames. Developing T cells using DβDKRQ expressed TCR CDR-B3s depleted of tyrosine and glycine and enriched for germline-encoded lysine, arginine, and glutamine. Total thymocytes declined in number during the process of β selection that occurs during the transition from the DN3bc to DN4 stage. Conventional thymocyte and T cell numbers remained reduced at all subsequent thymic stages and in the spleen. By contrast, regulatory T cell numbers were increased in Peyer's patches and the large intestine. In terms of functional consequences, T cell reactivity to an ovalbumin immunodominant epitope was reduced. These findings buttress the view that natural selection of Dβ sequence is used to shape the pre-immune TCRβ repertoire, affecting both conventional and regulatory T cell development and influencing epitope recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levinson
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mohamed Khass
- Division of Investigative Medicine, Center of Immunobiology, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
| | - Peter D Burrows
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Harry W Schroeder
- Divisions of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Porciello N, Franzese O, D’Ambrosio L, Palermo B, Nisticò P. T-cell repertoire diversity: friend or foe for protective antitumor response? J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:356. [PMID: 36550555 PMCID: PMC9773533 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Profiling the T-Cell Receptor (TCR) repertoire is establishing as a potent approach to investigate autologous and treatment-induced antitumor immune response. Technical and computational breakthroughs, including high throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches and spatial transcriptomics, are providing unprecedented insight into the mechanisms underlying antitumor immunity. A precise spatiotemporal variation of T-cell repertoire, which dynamically mirrors the functional state of the evolving host-cancer interaction, allows the tracking of the T-cell populations at play, and may identify the key cells responsible for tumor eradication, the evaluation of minimal residual disease and the identification of biomarkers of response to immunotherapy. In this review we will discuss the relationship between global metrics characterizing the TCR repertoire such as T-cell clonality and diversity and the resultant functional responses. In particular, we will explore how specific TCR repertoires in cancer patients can be predictive of prognosis or response to therapy and in particular how a given TCR re-arrangement, following immunotherapy, can predict a specific clinical outcome. Finally, we will examine current improvements in terms of T-cell sequencing, discussing advantages and challenges of current methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicla Porciello
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Franzese
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo D’Ambrosio
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Belinda Palermo
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Nisticò
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Glasow M, Heinze T. [Innovation Crisis in Public Theatre? A Longitudinal Study of Theaters in North Rhine-Westphalia, 1995-2018]. Kolner Z Soz Sozpsychol 2022; 74:203-232. [PMID: 35911612 PMCID: PMC9326436 DOI: 10.1007/s11577-022-00846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines cultural innovations in German public theaters, using North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) as the most populated region as an example. While existing analyses, including social structure-centered audience research, have focused on the demand side, diagnosing in particular the steady decline and aging of the cultural audience, our analysis addresses the supply side, especially the number of premieres and new productions as well as their adoption into the repertoire. The paper shows that recent efforts by public theaters on the municipal or regional level to increase both the number of venues and the number of plays have not been sufficient to stabilize the declining audience. Too few new plays are scheduled, of which even fewer make it into the long-term repertoire. Our results suggest that theaters can retain their capability for renewal only by staging significantly more new plays, thus attracting new audiences. With regard to such renewal, decentralized competition as a characteristic of the NRW theater landscape seems a favorable institutional context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Glasow
- Institut für Soziologie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Institut für Soziologie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Deutschland
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Litjens NHR, Langerak AW, Azmani Z, den Dekker X, Betjes MGH, Brouwer RWW, van IJcken WFJ. Combined Analysis of Transcriptome and T-Cell Receptor Alpha and Beta (TRA /TRB ) Repertoire in Paucicellular Samples at the Single-Cell Level. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2453:231-59. [PMID: 35622330 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2115-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) methodologies, the total repertoires of B and T cells can be disclosed in much more detail than ever before. Even though many of these strategies do provide in-depth and high-resolution information of the immunoglobulin (IG) and/or T-cell receptor (TR) repertoire, one clear disadvantage is that the IG/TR profiles cannot be connected to individual cells. Single-cell technologies do allow to study the IG/TR repertoire at the individual cell level. This is especially relevant in cell samples in which much heterogeneity of the cell population is expected. By combining the IG/TR repertoire with transcriptome data, the reactivity of the B or T cell can be associated with activation or maturation stages. An additional advantage of such single-cell technologies is that the combination of both IG and both TR chains can be studied on a per cell basis, which better reflects the antigen receptor reactivity of cells. Here we present the ICELL8 single-cell method for the parallel analysis of the TR repertoire and transcriptome, which is especially useful in samples that contain relatively few cells.
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Gupta N, Marquez S, Soto C, Chen EC, Bostick ML, Stervbo U, Farmer A. Bulk Sequencing from mRNA with UMI for Evaluation of B-Cell Isotype and Clonal Evolution: A Method by the AIRR Community. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2453:345-377. [PMID: 35622335 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2115-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
During the course of an immune response to a virus such as influenza, B cells undergo activation, clonal expansion, isotype switching, and somatic hypermutation (SHM). Members of an antigen-experienced B-cell clone can have different sequence features including SHM in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain V (IGHV) gene and can use the same IGVH gene in combination with different constant regions or isotypes (e.g., IgM, IgG, IgA). To study these features of expanded clones in an immune response by AIRR-seq, we provide a bulk RNA-based sequencing experimental procedure with unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) and the accompanying bioinformatics analytical workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanna Marquez
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cinque Soto
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center and Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elaine C Chen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Ulrik Stervbo
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
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8
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Abstract
Repertoire sequencing of B cells is the high-throughput profiling of B cell receptors (BCR) expressed on the surface of B cells and of immunoglobulins (Ig) expressed by antibody secreting cells. Each BCR/Ig transcript has a unique complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) sequence that can be used to identify and track individual B cell lymphocytes over time and throughout different compartments of the human body. B cell differentiation can be further tracked by assessing the point mutations acquired during affinity maturation via somatic hypermutation (SHM). Here we describe a method for high-throughput sequencing of the variable region of Ig heavy-chain transcripts for repertoire analysis of human B cells on the Illumina Miseq platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Hom
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deepak Tomar
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher M Tipton
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Ma J, Casadei E, Bruce TJ, Sepahi A, Cain KD, Salinas I. Long-term efficacy of nasal vaccination against enteric red mouth (ERM) disease and infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Vaccine 2021:S0264-410X(21)01551-6. [PMID: 34893343 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous research demonstrated that bacterial and viral vaccines delivered via the nasal route in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at 7 and 28 days post-vaccination are highly protective (>95% protection). Long-term protection following nasal vaccination in teleosts has not been evaluated. The goal of this study was to assess efficacy and immune responses at 6 months (mo) post-vaccination (mpv), and long-lasting immune responses at 12 mpv of two different vaccines: an inactivated enteric red mouth disease (ERM) Yersinia ruckeri bacterin and a live attenuated infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) vaccine. Juvenile rainbow trout were vaccinated for Y. ruckeri via intraperitoneal (I.P.) and intranasal (I.N.) routes, and for IHNV by intramuscular (I.M.) and I.N. routes, then challenged at 6 mpv. Immune responses were determined at 6 and 12 mpv. ERM vaccine I.P. delivery elicited significantly higher serum IgM-specific titers that remained elevated compared to mock-vaccinated fish at 6 mpv. By 12 mpv, antibody titers to Y. ruckeri were not significantly different across all treatments. Following Y. ruckeri challenge at 6 mpv, a significant difference in cumulative percent mortality (CPM) was found for I.P.-vaccinated fish but not I.N.-vaccinated fish. I.M. and I.N. vaccination with live attenuated IHNV did not result in significant specific serum IgM titers at 6 or 12 mpv. Yet, I.N.-vaccinated fish showed the lowest CPM 6 mpv indicating long-term protection that does not correlate with systemic IgM responses. Repertoire analyses confirmed unique expansions of VH-JH rearrangements in the spleen of rainbow trout 12 mpv that varied with the type of vaccine and route of vaccination. Combined, these data demonstrate that I.N. vaccination with a live attenuated viral vaccine confers long lasting protection, but I.N. ERM vaccination does not and booster before 6 mpv is recommended.
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10
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Dixon R, Preston SG, Dascalu S, Flammer PG, Fiddaman SR, McLoughlin K, Boyd A, Volf J, Rychlik I, Bonsall MB, Kaspers B, Smith AL. Repertoire analysis of γδ T cells in the chicken enables functional annotation of the genomic region revealing highly variable pan-tissue TCR gamma V gene usage as well as identifying public and private repertoires. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:719. [PMID: 34610803 PMCID: PMC8493715 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increasing interest in γδ T cells and their non-classical behaviour, most studies focus on animals with low numbers of circulating γδ T cells, such as mice and humans. Arguably, γδ T cell functions might be more prominent in chickens where these cells form a higher proportion of the circulatory T cell compartment. The TCR repertoire defines different subsets of γδ T cells, and such analysis is facilitated by well-annotated TCR loci. γδ T cells are considered at the cusp of innate and adaptive immunity but most functions have been identified in γδ low species. A deeper understanding of TCR repertoire biology in γδ high and γδ low animals is critical for defining the evolution of the function of γδ T cells. Repertoire dynamics will reveal populations that can be classified as innate-like or adaptive-like as well as those that straddle this definition. RESULTS Here, a recent discrepancy in the structure of the chicken TCR gamma locus is resolved, demonstrating that tandem duplication events have shaped the evolution of this locus. Importantly, repertoire sequencing revealed large differences in the usage of individual TRGV genes, a pattern conserved across multiple tissues, including thymus, spleen and the gut. A single TRGV gene, TRGV3.3, with a highly diverse private CDR3 repertoire dominated every tissue in all birds. TRGV usage patterns were partly explained by the TRGV-associated recombination signal sequences. Public CDR3 clonotypes represented varying proportions of the repertoire of TCRs utilising different TRGVs, with one TRGV dominated by super-public clones present in all birds. CONCLUSIONS The application of repertoire analysis enabled functional annotation of the TCRG locus in a species with a high circulating γδ phenotype. This revealed variable usage of TCRGV genes across multiple tissues, a pattern quite different to that found in γδ low species (human and mouse). Defining the repertoire biology of avian γδ T cells will be key to understanding the evolution and functional diversity of these enigmatic lymphocytes in an animal that is numerically more reliant on them. Practically, this will reveal novel ways in which these cells can be exploited to improve health in medical and veterinary contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dixon
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Stefan Dascalu
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Amy Boyd
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiri Volf
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Bernd Kaspers
- Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig Maximillians University, Planegg, Germany
| | - Adrian L Smith
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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11
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Peruzzi B, Bencini S, Caporale R. TCR Vβ Evaluation by Flow Cytometry. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2285:99-109. [PMID: 33928546 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1311-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR)-Vβ repertoire analysis is a sensitive method for detection of T-cell clonality. This type of analysis has been used for studying selective T-cell responses in autoimmune disease, alloreactivity in transplantation, and protective immunity against microbial and tumor antigens and in neoplastic T cells. Here, we describe the flow cytometric methods to perform this analysis.
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12
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Tickotsky-Moskovitz N, Louzoun Y, Dvorkin S, Rotkopf A, Kuperman AA, Efroni S. CDR3 and V genes show distinct reconstitution patterns in T cell repertoire post-allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Immunogenetics 2021; 73:163-173. [PMID: 33475766 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Restoration of T cell repertoire diversity after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) is crucial for immune recovery. T cell diversity is produced by rearrangements of germline gene segments (V (D) and J) of the T cell receptor (TCR) α and β chains, and selection induced by binding of TCRs to MHC-peptide complexes. Multiple measures were proposed for this diversity. We here focus on the V-gene usage and the CDR3 sequences of the beta chain. We compared multiple T cell repertoires to follow T cell repertoire changes post-allo-BMT in HLA-matched related donor and recipient pairs. Our analyses of the differences between donor and recipient complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) beta composition and V-gene profile show that the CDR3 sequence composition does not change during restoration, implying its dependence on the HLA typing. In contrast, V-gene usage followed a time-dependent pattern, initially following the donor profile and then shifting back to the recipients' profile. The final long-term repertoire was more similar to that of the recipient's original one than the donor's; some recipients converged within months, while others took multiple years. Based on the results of our analyses, we propose that donor-recipient V-gene distribution differences may serve as clinical biomarkers for monitoring immune recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoram Louzoun
- Department of Mathematics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Shirit Dvorkin
- Department of Mathematics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Adi Rotkopf
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Amir Asher Kuperman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Blood Coagulation Service and Pediatric Hematology Clinic, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Sol Efroni
- The Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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13
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Lai JY, Lim TS. Infectious disease antibodies for biomedical applications: A mini review of immune antibody phage library repertoire. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:640-648. [PMID: 32650013 PMCID: PMC7340592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibody phage display is regarded as a critical tool for the development of monoclonal antibodies for infectious diseases. The different classes of antibody libraries are classified based on the source of repertoire used to generate the libraries. Immune antibody libraries are generated from disease infected host or immunization against an infectious agent. Antibodies derived from immune libraries are distinct from those derived from naïve libraries as the host's in vivo immune mechanisms shape the antibody repertoire to yield high affinity antibodies. As the immune system is constantly evolving in accordance to the health state of an individual, immune libraries can offer more than just infection-specific antibodies but also antibodies derived from the memory B-cells much like naïve libraries. The combinatorial nature of the gene cloning process would give rise to a combination of natural and un-natural antibody gene pairings in the immune library. These factors have a profound impact on the coverage of immune antibody libraries to target both disease-specific and non-disease specific antigens. This review looks at the diverse nature of antibody responses for immune library generation and discusses the extended potential of a disease-specified immune library in the context of phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi Lai
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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14
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Magadán S. Adaptive immune receptor repertoires, an overview of this exciting field. Immunol Lett 2020; 221:49-55. [PMID: 32113899 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive immune response in jawed vertebrates relies on the huge diversity and specificity of the B cell and T cell antigen receptors, the immunoglobulins (IG) or antibodies and the T cell receptors (TR), respectively. The high level of diversity has represented a barrier to a comprehensive analysis of the adaptive immune response before the emergence of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies. The size and complexity of HTS data requires the generation of novel computational and analytical approaches, which are transforming how the adaptive immune responses are deciphered to understand the clonal dynamics and properties of antigen-specific B and T cells in response to different kind of antigens. This exciting and rapidly evolving field is not only impacting human and clinical immunology but also comparative immunology. We are now closer to understanding the evolution of adaptive immune response in jawed vertebrates. This review provides an overview about classical and current strategies developed to assess the IG/TR diversity and their applications in basic and clinical immunology.
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Shao L, Liu Y, Mei J, Li D, Chen L, Pan Q, Zhang S, Dai X, Liang J, Sun S, Wang J. High-throughput sequencing reveals the diversity of TCR β chain CDR3 repertoire in patients with severe acne. Mol Immunol 2020; 120:23-31. [PMID: 32045771 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acne is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, and the inflammation immune response runs through all stages of acne lesions. In this study, we use a combination of multiplex-PCR and high-throughput sequencing technologies to analyze T cell receptor β chain CDR3 (complementarity-determining region 3) in peripheral blood isolated from severe acne patients. Once compared with healthy controls, we propose to identify acne-relevant CDR3 peptides. Our results reveal that the diversity of T cell receptor β chain (TRB) CDR3 sequences in the peripheral blood of the severe acne vulgaris (SA) group differed from that of the control group. In addition, we find 10 TRB CDR3 sequences, amino acid sequences and V-J combinations with significantly different expressions between the SA group and the non-acne (NA) group (P < 0.0001). These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the role of immunity in the pathogenesis of acne and may serve as biomarkers for evaluating risk or prognosis of severe acne disease in future.
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16
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Shen G, Sun S, Huang J, Deng H, Xu Y, Wang Z, Tang X, Gong X. Dynamic changes of T cell receptor repertoires in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Hepatol Int 2019; 14:47-56. [PMID: 31872330 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-019-10008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS T cell-mediated immune injury plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). Given the high short-term mortality and crucial role of T cells in the disease progression, it is necessary to investigate the dynamics of T cell clones during HBV-ACLF. The aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate dynamic changes in the composition and perturbation of T cell receptor β (TCRβ) chain repertoires and to determine whether TCR repertoire characteristics were associated with HBV-ACLF patient outcomes. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected at two time points from 5 HBV-ACLF patients. Global CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were sorted using magnetic beads. TCRβ complementarity-determining region 3 was analyzed by unbiased high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS During HBV-ACLF, there was a significant decrease in the diversity of T cell repertoires and an increase in proportion of the most 100 abundant clonotypes of CD8 T cells but not CD4. Decreased CD8 repertoire diversity was positively correlated with the reduction of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. CONCLUSIONS There was significant clonal expansion in CD8 but not in CD4 T cell repertoires in HBV-ACLF patients during disease progression. Patients with greater clonal expansions in CD8 T cell repertoires may have better outcomes. CD8 TCRβ repertoire diversity may serve as a potential predictive marker for disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Shen
- Hepatology Unit, The Third People's Hospital of Jiujiang City, No. 408, Shili Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuilin Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.1, Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Hepatology Unit, The Third People's Hospital of Jiujiang City, No. 408, Shili Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Haohui Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eight People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanhui Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Tang
- Hepatology Unit, The Third People's Hospital of Jiujiang City, No. 408, Shili Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaodong Gong
- Hepatology Unit, The Third People's Hospital of Jiujiang City, No. 408, Shili Road, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi, China.
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Abstract
Historically, the fields of operant selection and recognition memory have not interacted substantially with one another. However, both deal with how behavioral repertoires change over time as a function of environmental stimulation. In this article, we propose neuro-operant interpretations of behavioral phenomena occurring in recognition memory procedures based on (a) the ability to discriminate changes in the strength of responses caused by environmental stimulation and (b) the occasioning of supplementary responses by current stimulation. A neuro-operant interpretation of mnemonic behavior may further the understanding of the phenomena in place and simplify the current taxonomy of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ortu
- Neurobehavioral Laboratory, Department of Behavior Analysis, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Box 310919, Denton, TX 76203 USA
| | - Traci M. Cihon
- Neurobehavioral Laboratory, Department of Behavior Analysis, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Box 310919, Denton, TX 76203 USA
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18
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Xiong H, Wang L, Jiang M, Chen S, Yang F, Zhu H, Zhu Q, Tang C, Qin S, Xing Q, Luo X. Comprehensive assessment of T cell receptor β repertoire in Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis patients using high-throughput sequencing. Mol Immunol 2019; 106:170-177. [PMID: 30623817 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) /toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions characterized by widespread epidermal necrosis. Recent studies have indicated that SJS/TEN is a specific immune reaction regulated by T cells. Certain drug serves as foreign antigens that are presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and recognized by T cell receptors (TCRs), inducing adaptive immune responses. However, few studies have performed detailed characterization of TCR repertoire in SJS/TEN, and it remains unclear whether the particular types of TCRs expanded clonally are drug-specific, which would provide a potential underlying mechanism of SJS/TEN. In this study, using high-throughput sequencing, we comprehensively assessed the diversity, composition and molecular characteristics of the TCRβ repertoires in 17 SJS/TEN patients associated with three different causative drugs including methazolamide (MZ), carbamazepine (CBZ) and allopurinol (ALP). Systematic analysis of the TCRβ sequences revealed that SJS/TEN patients had more highly expanded clones and less TCR repertoire diversity, and the TCR repertoire diversity of these patients showed certain associations with the clinical severity of disease. Similar predominant clonotypes, shared-usage TRBV/TRBJ subtypes and combinations thereof were observed among different subjects with the same causative agent. Our observations provide enhanced understanding of the role of T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of SJS/TEN and enumerate potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lanting Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Menglin Jiang
- Children's Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shengan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Fanping Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huizhong Zhu
- Children's Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qinyuan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chenling Tang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Qinghe Xing
- Children's Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiaoqun Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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19
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Lange MD, Waldbieser GC, Lobb CJ. The proliferation and clonal migration of B cells in the systemic and mucosal tissues of channel catfish suggests there is an interconnected mucosal immune system. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 84:1134-1144. [PMID: 30414491 PMCID: PMC6335153 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
IgM transcripts from different mucosal and systemic tissues from a single adult channel catfish have been evaluated. Arrayed heavy chain cDNA libraries from each of these different mucosal and systemic tissues were separately constructed, hybridized with VH family specific probes and a variety of approaches were used to define their structural relationships. Baseline hybridization studies indicated that the tissue libraries had different VH expression patterns, and sequencing studies indicated this was not simply due to varying proportions of the same B cell population. In the systemic tissues of PBL, spleen, and anterior kidney >95% of the sequenced clones in the arrayed libraries represented different heavy chain rearrangements. Diversity was also found in the mucosal libraries of skin, gill lamellae, and two non-adjoining regions of the intestine, but additional populations were identified which indicated localized clonal expansion. Various clonal sets were characterized in detail, and their genealogies indicated somatic mutation accompanied localized clonal expansion with some members undergoing additional mutations and expansion after migration to different mucosal sites. PCR analyses indicated these mucosal clonal sets were more abundant within different mucosal tissues rather than in the systemic tissues. These studies indicate that the mucosal immune system in fish can express B cell transcripts differently from those found systemically. These studies further indicate that the mucosal immune system is interconnected with clonal B cells migrating between different mucosal tissues, results which yield new insight into immune diversity in early vertebrate phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Lange
- Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA.
| | - Geoffrey C Waldbieser
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA
| | - Craig J Lobb
- Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216-4505, USA
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20
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Hammerschmidt K, Fischer J. Baboon vocal repertoires and the evolution of primate vocal diversity. J Hum Evol 2019; 126:1-13. [PMID: 30583838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A remarkable and derived trait of humans is the faculty for language, and considerable research effort has been devoted to understanding the evolution of speech. In contrast to spoken language, which constitutes a (learned) symbolic communication system, the acoustic structure of nonhuman primate vocalizations is largely genetically fixed. Yet, appreciable differences between different genera and species may exist. Environmental conditions, sexual selection, and characteristics of the social system have been invoked to explain these differences. Here, we studied the acoustic variation of call types and vocal repertoires in the genus Papio. Because the genus comprises both stable groups as well as multi-level societies, and reveals striking variation in the degree of aggressiveness from south to north, it constitutes a promising model to assess the link between social system characteristics and vocal communication. We found that, the vocal repertoires of the different species were composed of the same general call types. A quantitative analysis of the acoustic features of the grunts and loud calls of chacma (Papio ursinus), olive (P. anubis), and Guinea (P. papio) baboons showed subtle acoustic differences within call types, however. Social system characteristics did not map onto acoustic variation. We found no correlation between the structure of grunts and geographic distance; the same was true for female loud calls. Only for male loud calls from three populations, call structure varied with geographic distance. Our findings corroborate the view that the structure of nonhuman primate vocalizations is highly conserved, despite the differences in social systems. Apparently, variation in rate and intensity of occurrence of signals, probably due to different behavioral dispositions in species, are sufficient to allow for plasticity at the level of the social relationships, mating patterns, and social organization.
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Jo I, Chung NG, Lee S, Kwon A, Kim J, Choi H, Jang W, Kim S, Lee JW, Yoon JH, Cho B, Han K, Kim Y, Kim M. Considerations for monitoring minimal residual disease using immunoglobulin clonality in patients with precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 488:81-9. [PMID: 30389459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring is a powerful tool to predict the risk of relapse. Herein, we present an MRD monitoring strategy for B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of immunoglobulin (Ig) clonality before implementation into routine practice. METHODS We selected 74 bone marrow (BM) specimens from 47 patients who were diagnosed with B-ALL. Ig clonality was analyzed using both fragment analysis and HTS. The performance of Ig clonality was evaluated through comparison of the results from real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of leukemia-specific fusion transcripts and flow cytometry. RESULTS IGH clonality was observed in all patients, and the sum of clonal burden varied (9.47%-96.77%). IGK clonality was identified in 70% of patients and availed in cases with low IGH clonal burden. The total IGH clonal burden was significantly correlated with the proportion of leukemic blasts, leukemia-specific fusion transcripts, and flow cytometry. We recognized the different responses of each clone and emerging clones originating from the trace of Ig rearrangement presented in the initial specimen. IGH clonal burden after chemotherapy represented patient outcomes well. IGH assay also provided information of repertoire diversity of IGH rearrangement. CONCLUSION The Ig clonality assay via HTS will be a promising tool for MRD monitoring of B-ALL through an adequate strategy to identify and monitor individual clones and determine repertoire diversity.
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22
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Abstract
The world is witnessing a rapid demographic shift towards an older population, a trend with major medical, social, economic and political implications. Aging is a multifaceted process, involving numerous molecular and cellular mechanisms in the context of different organ systems. A crucial component of aging is a set of functional and structural alterations in the immune system that can manifest as a decreased ability to fight infection, diminished response to vaccination, increased incidence of cancer, higher prevalence of autoimmunity and constitutive low-grade inflammation, among others. In addition to cell-intrinsic changes in both innate and adaptive immune cells, alterations in the stromal microenvironment in primary and secondary lymphoid organs play an important role in age-associated immune dysfunction. This article will provide a broad overview of these phenomena and point out some of their clinical and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A Sadighi Akha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.
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23
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McDaniel JR, Pero SC, Voss WN, Shukla GS, Sun Y, Schaetzle S, Lee CH, Horton AP, Harlow S, Gollihar J, Ellefson JW, Krag CC, Tanno Y, Sidiropoulos N, Georgiou G, Ippolito GC, Krag DN. Identification of tumor-reactive B cells and systemic IgG in breast cancer based on clonal frequency in the sentinel lymph node. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:729-738. [PMID: 29427082 PMCID: PMC6368991 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2123-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of antitumor immune responses is the key to advancing the field of cancer immunotherapy. Endogenous immunity in cancer patients, such as circulating anticancer antibodies or tumor-reactive B cells, has been historically yet incompletely described. Here, we demonstrate that tumor-draining (sentinel) lymph node (SN) is a rich source for tumor-reactive B cells that give rise to systemic IgG anticancer antibodies circulating in the bloodstream of breast cancer patients. Using a synergistic combination of high-throughput B-cell sequencing and quantitative immunoproteomics, we describe the prospective identification of tumor-reactive SN B cells (based on clonal frequency) and also demonstrate an unequivocal link between affinity-matured expanded B-cell clones in the SN and antitumor IgG in the blood. This technology could facilitate the discovery of antitumor antibody therapeutics and conceivably identify novel tumor antigens. Lastly, these findings highlight the unique and specialized niche the SN can fill in the advancement of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R McDaniel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie C Pero
- Department of Surgery, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Given Medical Building, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - William N Voss
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Girja S Shukla
- Department of Surgery, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Given Medical Building, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Yujing Sun
- Department of Surgery, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Given Medical Building, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Sebastian Schaetzle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Chang-Han Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andrew P Horton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Seth Harlow
- Department of Surgery, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Given Medical Building, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jimmy Gollihar
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street, Stop A5000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jared W Ellefson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street, Stop A5000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Christopher C Krag
- Department of Surgery, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Given Medical Building, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Yuri Tanno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nikoletta Sidiropoulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street, Stop A5000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Gregory C Ippolito
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 100 E. 24th Street, Stop A5000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - David N Krag
- Department of Surgery, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Given Medical Building, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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Castro R, Navelsaker S, Krasnov A, Du Pasquier L, Boudinot P. Describing the diversity of Ag specific receptors in vertebrates: Contribution of repertoire deep sequencing. Dev Comp Immunol 2017; 75:28-37. [PMID: 28259700 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last decades, gene and cDNA cloning identified TCR and Ig genes across vertebrates; genome sequencing of TCR and Ig loci in many species revealed the different organizations selected during evolution under the pressure of generating diverse repertoires of Ag receptors. By detecting clonotypes over a wide range of frequency, deep sequencing of Ig and TCR transcripts provides a new way to compare the structure of expressed repertoires in species of various sizes, at different stages of development, with different physiologies, and displaying multiple adaptations to the environment. In this review, we provide a short overview of the technologies currently used to produce global description of immune repertoires, describe how they have already been used in comparative immunology, and we discuss the future potential of such approaches. The development of these methodologies in new species holds promise for new discoveries concerning particular adaptations. As an example, understanding the development of adaptive immunity across metamorphosis in frogs has been made possible by such approaches. Repertoire sequencing is now widely used, not only in basic research but also in the context of immunotherapy and vaccination. Analysis of fish responses to pathogens and vaccines has already benefited from these methods. Finally, we also discuss potential advances based on repertoire sequencing of multigene families of immune sensors and effectors in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Castro
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofie Navelsaker
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Adamstuen Campus, Oslo 0454, Norway; Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Boudinot
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Kitaura K, Shini T, Matsutani T, Suzuki R. A new high-throughput sequencing method for determining diversity and similarity of T cell receptor (TCR) α and β repertoires and identifying potential new invariant TCR α chains. BMC Immunol 2016; 17:38. [PMID: 27729009 PMCID: PMC5059964 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-016-0177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-throughput sequencing of T cell receptor (TCR) genes is a powerful tool for analyses of antigen specificity, clonality and diversity of T lymphocytes. Here, we developed a new TCR repertoire analysis method using 454 DNA sequencing technology in combination with an adaptor-ligation mediated polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This method allows the amplification of all TCR genes without PCR bias. To compare gene usage, diversity and similarity of expressed TCR repertoires among individuals, we conducted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of TRA and TRB genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 20 healthy human individuals. RESULTS From a total of 267,037 sequence reads from 20 individuals, 149,216 unique sequence reads were identified. Preferential usage of several V and J genes were observed while some recombinations of TRAV with TRAJ appeared to be restricted. The extent of TCR diversity was not significantly different between TRA and TRB, while TRA repertoires were more similar between individuals than TRB repertoires were. The interindividual similarity of TRA depended largely on the frequent presence of shared TCRs among two or more individuals. A publicly available TRA had a near-germline TCR with a shorter CDR3. Notably, shared TRA sequences, especially those shared among a large number of individuals', often contained TCRα related with invariant TCRα derived from invariant natural killer T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that retrieval of shared TCRs by NGS would be useful for the identification of potential new invariant TCRα chains. This NGS method will enable the comprehensive quantitative analysis of TCR repertoires at a clonal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Kitaura
- Repertoire Genesis Incorporation, 104 Saito-Bioincubator, 7-7-15, Saito-asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Tadasu Shini
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan.,BITS. Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaji Matsutani
- Repertoire Genesis Incorporation, 104 Saito-Bioincubator, 7-7-15, Saito-asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Suzuki
- Repertoire Genesis Incorporation, 104 Saito-Bioincubator, 7-7-15, Saito-asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, Sagamihara National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara, Japan
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Grönwall C, Clancy RM, Getu L, Lloyd KA, Siegel DL, Reed JH, Buyon JP, Silverman GJ. Modulation of natural IgM autoantibodies to oxidative stress-related neo-epitopes on apoptotic cells in newborns of mothers with anti-Ro autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2016; 73:30-41. [PMID: 27289167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
At birth, the human immune system already contains substantial levels of polymeric IgM, that include autoantibodies to neo-epitopes on apoptotic cells (ACs) that are proposed to play homeostatic and anti-inflammatory roles. Yet the biologic origins and developmental regulation of these naturally arising antibodies remain poorly understood. Herein, we report that levels of IgM-antibodies to malondialdehyde (MDA) protein adducts, a common type of in vivo generated oxidative stress-related neoepitope, directly correlate with the relative binding of neonatal-IgM to ACs. Levels of IgM to phosphorylcholine (PC), a natural antibody prevalent in adults, were relatively scant in cord blood, while there was significantly greater relative representation of IgM anti-MDA antibodies in newborns compared to adults. To investigate the potential interrelationships between neonatal IgM with pathogenic IgG-autoantibodies, we studied 103 newborns born to autoimmune mothers with IgG anti-Ro (i.e., 70 with neonatal lupus and 33 without neonatal lupus). In these subjects the mean levels of IgM anti-Ro60 were significantly higher than in the newborns from non-autoimmune mothers. In contrast, levels of IgM anti-MDA in IgG anti-Ro exposed neonates were significantly lower than in neonates from non-autoimmune mothers. The presence or absence of neonatal lupus did not appear to influence the total levels of IgM in the anti-Ro exposed newborns. Taken together, our studies provide evidence that the immune development of the natural IgM-repertoire may be affected, and become imprinted by, the transfer of maternal IgG into the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Grönwall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert M Clancy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lelise Getu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Katy A Lloyd
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Don L Siegel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine & Therapeutic Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joanne H Reed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jill P Buyon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Gregg J Silverman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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27
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Vincent B, Buntzman A, Hopson B, McEwen C, Cowell L, Akoglu A, Zhang H, Frelinger J. iWAS--A novel approach to analyzing Next Generation Sequence data for immunology. Cell Immunol 2015; 299:6-13. [PMID: 26547365 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this communication we describe a novel way to use Next Generation Sequence from the receptors expressed on T and B cells. This informatics methodology is named iWAS, for immunonome Wide Association Study, where we use the immune receptor sequences derived from T and B cells and the features of those receptors (sequences themselves, V/J gene usage, length and character each of the CDR3 sub-regions) to define biomarkers of health and disease, as well as responses to therapies. Unlike GWAS, which do not provide immediate access to mechanism, the associations with immune receptors immediately suggest possible and plausible entrée's into disease pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Vincent
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 2714, United States.
| | - Adam Buntzman
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
| | - Benjamin Hopson
- School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK; Cambridge Consultants, Science Park, Milton Rd, Cambridge CB4 0DW, UK.
| | - Chris McEwen
- Cambridge Consultants, Science Park, Milton Rd, Cambridge CB4 0DW, UK.
| | - Lindsay Cowell
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States.
| | - Ali Akoglu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
| | - Helen Zhang
- Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
| | - Jeffrey Frelinger
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
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28
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Abstract
The B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire is highly diverse. Repertoire diversity is achieved centrally by somatic recombination of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes and peripherally by somatic hypermutation and Ig heavy chain class-switching. Throughout these processes, there is selection for functional gene rearrangements, selection against gene combinations resulting in self-reactive BCRs, and selection for BCRs with high affinity for exogenous antigens after challenge. Hence, investigation of BCR repertoires from different groups of B cells can provide information on stages of B cell development and shed light on the etiology of B cell pathologies. In most instances, the third complementarity determining region of the Ig heavy chain (CDR-H3) contributes the majority of amino acids to the antibody/antigen binding interface. Although CDR-H3 spectratype analysis provides information on the overall diversity of BCR repertoires, this fairly simple technique analyzes the relative quantities of CDR-H3 regions of each size, within a range of approximately 10-80 bp, without sequence detail and thus is limited in scope. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques on the Roche 454 GS FLX Titanium system, however, can generate a wide coverage of Ig sequences to provide more qualitative data such as V, D, and J usage as well as detailed CDR3 sequence information. Here we present protocols in detail for CDR-H3 spectratype analysis and HTS of human BCR repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chang Wu
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London School of Biomedical Science, London, UK
| | - David Kipling
- Department of Pathology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Deborah Dunn-Walters
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London School of Medicine, Strand, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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29
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Wang C, Liu Y, Roskin KM, Jackson KJL, Boyd SD. Laboratory and Data Analysis Methods for Characterization of Human B Cell Repertoires by High-Throughput DNA Sequencing. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1343:219-33. [PMID: 26420720 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2963-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput DNA sequencing techniques have greatly accelerated the pace of research into the repertoires of antibody and T cell receptor gene rearrangements that confer antigen specificity to adaptive immune responses. Studies of aging-related changes in human B cell repertoires have benefited from the ability to detect and quantify thousands to millions of B cell clones in human samples, and study the mutational lineages and isotype switching relationships within each clonal lineage. Correlation of repertoire analysis with antibody gene data from antigen-specific B cells is poised to give much greater insight into clinically relevant B cell responses and memory storage. Here, we describe strategies for preparing and analyzing human antibody gene libraries for studying B cell repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Biomedical Informatics Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Krishna M Roskin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Katherine J L Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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30
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Dixon-Gordon KL, Aldao A, De Los Reyes A. Repertoires of emotion regulation: A person-centered approach to assessing emotion regulation strategies and links to psychopathology. Cogn Emot 2014; 29:1314-25. [PMID: 25435338 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2014.983046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite growing research on emotion regulation (ER) strategies and psychopathology, research has primarily focused on identifying one-to-one associations between ER strategies and symptoms. Thus, little is known about how patterns in the repertoires of ER strategies are associated with different mental disorders. We utilised latent class analysis to identify distinct repertoires of ER strategies, and their links with various psychopathology domains (i.e., anxiety, depression, disordered eating, borderline personality). Participants (N = 531) reported on their use of seven ER strategies in six recalled stressful contexts, as well as on their symptoms of psychopathology. We identified five classes of ER strategies: Low Regulators (n = 168), High Regulators (n = 140), Adaptive Regulators (n = 99), Worriers/Ruminators (n = 96) and Avoiders (n = 28). Generally, High Regulators and Worriers/Ruminators endorsed greater levels of psychopathology, relative to Low and Adaptive Regulators. Our findings underscore the importance of characterising the dynamics of ER repertoires when seeking to understand links between ER strategies and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Dixon-Gordon
- a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , MA , USA
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31
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Wilson JR, Tzeng WP, Spesock A, Music N, Guo Z, Barrington R, Stevens J, Donis RO, Katz JM, York IA. Diversity of the murine antibody response targeting influenza A(H1N1pdm09) hemagglutinin. Virology 2014; 458-459:114-24. [PMID: 24928044 PMCID: PMC4904151 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We infected mice with the 2009 influenza A pandemic virus (H1N1pdm09), boosted with an inactivated vaccine, and cloned immunoglobulins (Igs) from HA-specific B cells. Based on the redundancy in germline gene utilization, we inferred that between 72-130 unique IgH VDJ and 35 different IgL VJ combinations comprised the anti-HA recall response. The IgH VH1 and IgL VK14 variable gene families were employed most frequently. A representative panel of antibodies were cloned and expressed to confirm reactivity with H1N1pdm09 HA. The majority of the recombinant antibodies were of high avidity and capable of inhibiting H1N1pdm09 hemagglutination. Three of these antibodies were subtype-specific cross-reactive, binding to the HA of A/South Carolina/1/1918(H1N1), and one further reacted with A/swine/Iowa/15/1930(H1N1). These results help to define the genetic diversity of the influenza anti-HA antibody repertoire profile induced following infection and vaccination, which may facilitate the development of influenza vaccines that are more protective and broadly neutralizing. IMPORTANCE Protection against influenza viruses is mediated mainly by antibodies, and in most cases this antibody response is narrow, only providing protection against closely related viruses. In spite of this limited range of protection, recent findings indicate that individuals immune to one influenza virus may contain antibodies (generally a minority of the overall response) that are more broadly reactive. These findings have raised the possibility that influenza vaccines could induce a more broadly protective response, reducing the need for frequent vaccine strain changes. However, interpretation of these observations is hampered by the lack of quantitative characterization of the antibody repertoire. In this study, we used single-cell cloning of influenza HA-specific B cells to assess the diversity and nature of the antibody response to influenza hemagglutinin in mice. Our findings help to put bounds on the diversity of the anti-hemagglutinin antibody response, as well as characterizing the cross-reactivity, affinity, and molecular nature of the antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Wilson
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wen-Pin Tzeng
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - April Spesock
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nedzad Music
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhu Guo
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - James Stevens
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruben O Donis
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Katz
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ian A York
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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32
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Mukhopadhyay A, Dyring C, Stott DI. Comparison of prophylactic and therapeutic immunisation with an ErbB-2 (HER2) fusion protein and immunoglobulin V-gene repertoire analysis in a transgenic mouse model of spontaneous breast cancer. Vaccine 2013; 32:1012-8. [PMID: 24231440 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ErbB-2 is associated with several solid tumours of which breast cancer is the commonest cancer in women worldwide. Though anti-ErbB-2 antibody appears to play a significant role in prevention and therapy, naturally occurring anti-ErbB-2 antibody associated with the cleaved ectodomain of overexpressed ErbB-2 self antigen is detectable in patients. It is therefore essential to understand the course of antibody mediated protection during disease progression. 100% of FVB/N(neu) mice expressing mutated, constitutively active ErbB-2 develop mammary carcinoma. It has been shown that vaccination with ErbB-2 associated with a T helper cell epitope P30 can offer protection against transplantable tumour but it is unclear whether the same vaccine protects against naturally developing tumour. We have analysed the course of the disease following prophylactic, and therapeutic vaccination in this spontaneous, eutopic mammary carcinoma model that more closely resembles the human disease. 100% protection against tumour development was observed subsequent to prophylactic immunisation but disease progression was unaffected by therapeutic vaccination. The antibody response exhibited restricted expansion of the Immunoglobulin (Ig) variable (V)-gene repertoire by ErbB-2 specific B cells compared with the non-antigen specific B cell pool and control mice. The serum antibody profile was similar in therapeutically injected mice without any effect on tumour burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Mukhopadhyay
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Charlotte Dyring
- ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies, Agern Allé 1, 2970 Horsholm, Denmark
| | - David I Stott
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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