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Song SC, Ren BD, Wu XW, Xie YF, Cheng B, Wei Q, Pang WH, Wu ZK, Zhang XJ, Li XL, Xiao WL. Asiaticasics A-O, structurally intriguing coumarins from Toddalia asiatica with potential inflammatory inhibitory activity. Phytochemistry 2024; 221:114042. [PMID: 38417721 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Ethyl acetate fraction of Toddalia asiatica was fractionated to yield fifteen previously undescribed prenylated coumarins, asiaticasics A-O (1-15) along with nine (16-24) known derivatives. The structures of these undescribed coumarins were established by spectroscopic analysis and reference data. Biological activity evaluation showed that compound 3 with the IC50 value of 2.830 μM and compound 12 with the IC50 value of 0.682 μM owned anti-inflammatory activity by detecting the rate of lactate dehydrogenase release in pyroptosis J774A.1 cells. The results showed that the expression of Caspase-1 and IL-1β was decreased in a dose-dependent manner in the compound 12 treatment group, suggesting that compound 12 may reduce pyroptosis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. To further determine that compound 12 treatment can inhibit macrophage pyroptosis, morphological observation was performed and the results were consistent with the bioactivity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Chen Song
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai-Dong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Wen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hui Pang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Kai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Lie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, and School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650592, People's Republic of China.
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Pasrija R, Kumari D, Wadhwan S, Chhillar AK, Mittal V. The Zanthoxylum armatum fruit's oil exterminates Candida cells by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis without generating reactive oxygen species. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:423-434. [PMID: 37481507 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Candida spp. is a significant cause of topical and fungal infections in humans. In addition to Candida albicans, many non-albicans species such as C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii cause severe infections. The main antifungal agents belong to three different classes, including azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins. However, resistance to all three categories of drugs has been reported. Therefore, there is an urgent need to search for other alternatives with antifungal activity. Many herbal extracts and compounds from natural sources show excellent antifungal activity. In this study, we used an oil extract from the fruits of Zanthoxylum armatum, which showed significant antifungal activity against various Candida spp. by two different methods-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and agar diffusion. In addition, we attempted to explore the possible mechanism of action in C. albicans. It was found that the antifungal activity of Z. armatum oil is fungicidal and involves a decrease in the level of ergosterol in the cell membrane. The decrease in ergosterol level resulted in increased passive diffusion of a fluorescent molecule, rhodamine6G, across the plasma membrane, indicating increased membrane fluidity. The oil-treated cells showed decreased germ tube formation, an important indicator of C. albicans' virulence. The fungal cells also exhibited decreased attachment to the buccal epithelium, the first step toward invasion, biofilm formation, and damage to oral epithelial cells. Interestingly, unlike most antifungal agents, in which the generation of reactive oxygen species is responsible for killing, no significant effect was observed in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Pasrija
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
| | - Deepika Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Swati Wadhwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kharvel Subharti College of Pharmacy, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Li M, Chen XL, Yu ZP, Li YL, Hong LH, Cai YX, Kong LY, Luo JG. New indolequinazoline alkaloids from the fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum. Fitoterapia 2024; 174:105843. [PMID: 38301937 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
In this research, five new indolequinazoline alkaloids (1-5), along with six known indolequinazoline alkaloids (6-11) were obtained from the fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum. Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic data of 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS and ECD spectra. Additionally, all isolates were assayed for their SIRT1 inhibitory activities in vitro and compounds 2, 7, 10 and 11 exhibited activities with IC50 values ranged from 43.16 to 118.35 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xin-Lin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhan-Peng Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ya-Lin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Li-Hong Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yu-Xing Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China..
| | - Jian-Guang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China..
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Wang Y, Chen G, Zhou D, Xu L, Meng Q, Lin B, Hao J, Sun F, Hou Y, Li N. Chemical profile of the roots of Clausena lansium and their inhibitory effects of the over-activation in BV-2 microglial cells. Phytochemistry 2024; 220:114008. [PMID: 38346545 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
From the 95% ethanol aqueous extract of the roots of Clausena lansium, six previously undescribed alkaloids (1, 2a, 2b, 15, 24a, 24b), a pair of prenylated phenylpropenols (26a, 26b), two coumarins (27, 28), and two undescribed sesquiterpenes (37, 38) were isolated and identified using spectroscopic and electron circular dichroism data, together with thirty-two known compounds. The absolute configurations of three alkaloids (3a, 3b, 4a) were determined for the first time. In vitro assay showed that alkaloids 7, 10, 12, 19, and furanocoumarins 34, 35 displayed inhibitory effects on the production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 microglial cells, which were stronger than that of the minocycline (positive control). RT-PCR results indicated that indizoline (7) could inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) in LPS-treated BV-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Libin Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China.
| | - Qingqi Meng
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China.
| | - Bin Lin
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Jinle Hao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Fuxin Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, PR China.
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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Fladzinski KA, Armstrong L, Dos Anjos CA, da Rocha LT, Miguel OG, Miguel MD, Montrucchio DP, de Fátima Gaspari Dias J. Morphoanatomical study of the species Zanthoxylum kleinii (R.S. Cowan) P.G. Waterman ( Rutaceae). Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 38533861 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The order Sapindales is comprised of nine families and in Brazil it is represented by six, including Rutaceae Juss., which constitutes the largest group of this order. A variety of species of Zanthoxylum L. are distributed throughout the country, and among them is the species Zanthoxylum kleinii (R.S. Cowan) P.G. Waterman, which is found in the states of Brazil. This study aimed to characterize the morphoanatomy of the leaf, petiole, rachis, and stem of the species Z. kleinii. Histochemical tests were performed, and the sections were visualized under optical and scanning electron microscopy. The analysis showed that the morphoanatomical characteristics of the species are: hypoestomatic leaflets; stomata classified as anomocytic, tetracytic, and anisocytic; dorsiventral mesophyll; cavities that produce a secretion of lipid nature, present in the leaflet, rachis, and petiole; colleters distributed in the leaf; presence of simple non-glandular trichomes in all structures; and prismatic crystals in the petiole. Histochemical tests indicated the presence of phenolic and lipophilic compounds, mucilage, and lignin. With the result of this research, it was possible to identify the nature of the compounds secreted by the secretory structures of the leaves; in addition, the morphoanatomical characterization of Z. kleinii can provide relevant data for future studies for other organs of the species not yet described. Furthermore, contributing concomitantly with data for the genus, in this way, supporting to differentiate them. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Ultrastructural features observed by microscopic techniques. Calcium oxalate crystals present in the rachis. Microchemical tests confirmed the presence of colleters in the leaflet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorene Armstrong
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
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Gao S, Tuda M. Silica and Selenium Nanoparticles Attract or Repel Scale Insects by Altering Physicochemical Leaf Traits. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:952. [PMID: 38611481 PMCID: PMC11013412 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Although nanoparticles have gained attention as efficient alternatives to conventional agricultural chemicals, there is limited knowledge regarding their effects on herbivorous insect behavior and plant physicochemistry. Here, we investigated the effects of foliar applications of nano-silica (SiO2NPs) and nano-selenium (SeNPs), and bulk-size silica (SiO2) on the choice behavior of the arrowhead scale insect on mandarin orange plants. One leaf of a bifoliate pair was treated with one of the three chemicals, while the other was treated with water (control). The respective SiO2, SeO2, calcium (Ca), and carbon (C) content levels in the leaf epidermis and mesophyll were quantified using SEM-EDX (or SEM-EDS); leaf toughness and the arrowhead scale density and body size were measured. First-instar nymphs preferred silica-treated leaves and avoided SeNP-treated leaves. SiO2 content did not differ between control and SiO2NP-treated leaves, but was higher in bulk-size SiO2-treated leaves. The SiO2 level in the control leaves was higher in the SiO2NP treatment compared with that in the control leaves in the bulk-size SiO2 treatment. Silica-treated leaves increased in toughness, but SeNP-treated leaves did not; leaf toughness increased with mesophyllic SiO2 content. The insect density per leaf increased with leaf toughness, SiO2 content and, in the SiO2NP treatment, with epidermal C content. There was no correlation between SeO2 content and insect density. This study highlights the potential uses of SeNPs as an insect deterrent and of silica for enhancing leaf toughness and attracting scale insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Gao
- Laboratory of Insect Natural Enemies, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan
| | - Midori Tuda
- Laboratory of Insect Natural Enemies, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan
- Laboratory of Insect Natural Enemies, Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan
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Ito C, Matsui T, Sato A, Ruangrungsi N, Itoigawa M. Three new acridone alkaloids from Glycosmis lanceolata (Blume) D.Dietr. and their cytotoxic effects on tumour cell lines. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38251831 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2306175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
We separated and structurally elucidated three new acridone alkaloids (glycomontamine A (1), B (2), and C (3)), together with three known compounds (glycofoline, kokusaginine and dictamnine) from the acetone extract of Glycosmis lanceolata (Blume) D.Dietr. branches collected in Thailand. The compounds were assayed for cell viability using human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, breast adenocarcinoma cell line T47D, cervix epithelioid carcinoma cell line Hela, acute lymphoid leukaemia B cell line NALM-6, and human dermal fibroblasts. The viability of Hela cells treated with compound 1 (IC50 17.6 μM) and T47D cells treated with compound 2 (IC50 17.4 μM) decreased dose-dependently. Both compounds also showed cytotoxicity against NALM-6 cells (IC50 16.5 and 9.3 μM). Additionally, compound 1 decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential of Hela cells, whereas compound 2 did not change the mitochondrial membrane potential in T47D cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Ito
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ami Sato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nisjiri Ruangrungsi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Masataka Itoigawa
- School of Sports and Health Science, Tokai Gakuen University, Miyoshi, Aichi, Japan
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Han F, Yao JY, Tan JJ, Qin N, Jiang YX, Jiang K, He SJ, Tan CH. Limonoids and alkaloids from Tetradium austrosinense (Hand.-Mazz.) T.G.Hartley. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105759. [PMID: 38013059 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A pair of new enantiomeric indolopyridoquinazoline-type alkaloids, (+)-1,7S,8R- and (-)-1,7R,8S-trihydroxyrutaecarpine (3a and 3b), and a new limonoid-tyrosamine hybrid, austrosinin (8), along with six known alkaloids and limonoids, were isolated from the stems with leaves of Tetradium austrosinense. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of analysis of MS, NMR, ECD and time-dependent density functional theory-based electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT-ECD) calculations, as well as proposed biosynthetic pathway. An anti-inflammatory bioassay in vitro showed 8 had significant immunosuppressive effect against the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Han
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Natural Product Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia-Ying Yao
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun-Jie Tan
- Natural Product Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Nan Qin
- Natural Product Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Xia Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Natural Product Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Natural Product Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shi-Jun He
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Chang-Heng Tan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Natural Product Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Azmi MB, Sehgal SA, Asif U, Musani S, Abedin MFE, Suri A, Ahmed SDH, Qureshi SA. Genetic insights into obesity: in silico identification of pathogenic SNPs in MBOAT4 gene and their structural molecular dynamics consequences. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37921712 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2274970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane Bound O-Acyltransferase Domain-Containing 4 (MBOAT4) protein catalyzes ghrelin acylation, leading to prominent ghrelin activity, hence characterizing its role as an anti-obesity target. We extracted 625 exonic SNPs from the ENSEMBL database and one phenotype-based missense mutation associated with obesity (A46T) from the HGMD (Human Gene Mutation Database). These were differentiated on deleterious missense SNPs of the MBOAT4 gene through MAF (minor allele frequency: <0.01) cut-off criteria in relation to some bioinformatics-based supervised machine learning tools. We found 8 rare-coding and harmful missense SNPs. The consensus classifier (PredictSNP) tool predicted that the SNP (G57S, C: rs561065025) was the most pathogenic. Several trained in silico algorithms have predicted decreased protein stability [ΔΔG (kcal/mol)] function in the presence of these rare-coding pathogenic mutations in the MBOAT4 gene. Then, a stereochemical quality check (i.e. validation and assessment) of the 3D model was performed, followed by a blind cavity docking approach, used to search for druggable cavities and molecular interactions with citrus flavonoids of the Rutaceae family, ranked with energetic estimations. Significant interactions with Phloretin 3',5'-Di-C-Glucoside were also observed at R304, W306, N307, A311, L314 and H338 with (iGEMDOCK: -95.82 kcal/mol and AutoDock: -7.80 kcal/mol). The RMSD values and other variables of MD simulation analyses on this protein further validated its significant interactions with the above flavonoids. The MBOAT4 gene and its molecular interactions could serve as an interventional future anti-obesity target. The current study's findings will benefit future prospects for large population-based studies and drug development, particularly for generating personalized medicine.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Azmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Arslan Sehgal
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Asif
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Musani
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Azeema Suri
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Danish Haseen Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Vu VT, Xu QQ, Nguyen HT, Nguyen NH, Pham GN, Kong LY, Luo JG. Patulinervones A and B, two novel α-glucosidase inhibitory spiro-lignans from Melicope patulinervia (Merr. & Chun) C.C. Huang. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3639-3646. [PMID: 35848378 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2098495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
(±)-Patulinervones A (1) and B (2), two diastereomers of spiro-lignans sharing an unprecedented dimethyl-spiro[furan-2,2'-furo[2,3-b]furan] 5/5/5 tricyclic moiety were isolated from the leaves of Melicope patulinervia (Merr. & Chun) C.C. Huang. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses. The racemates (±)-1 and 2 and their enantiomers exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory effect with IC50 values range of 10.08 ± 1.24 - 25.58 ± 1.97 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Tuan Vu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Qi-Qi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | | | | | - Giang-Nam Pham
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice Institute of Chemistry UMR 7272, Marine Natural Products Team, Nice, France
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jian-Guang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
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11
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Liu JY, Wang YF, Dai YQ, Huang S, Xie J, Chen L, Zhou XL. Compounds isolated from the pericarp of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and inhibitory activity against LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2023; 25:1012-1020. [PMID: 36916389 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2188203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seventeen compounds were isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate part of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim., including one new compound 18-acetyloxyneocryptotanshinone (1) and 16 known compounds (2-17). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopy. The absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by electronic circular dichroism (ECD). All compounds were evaluated for the inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages, of which 1 and 10 exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect, with IC50 of 17.29 and 10.27 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Dai
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Yibin Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Jiang Xie
- Affiliated Hospital, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Yibin Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Xian-Li Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Yibin Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin 644000, China
- Affiliated Hospital, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610000, China
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12
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Jiang YX, Yao JY, Qin N, Tan JJ, Han F, Qu SJ, He SJ, Tan CH. B-seco Limonoids with anti-inflammatory activity from Tetradium fraxinifolium (Hook.) T.G.Hartley. Fitoterapia 2023; 169:105606. [PMID: 37442484 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Fraxinifolines A-F (1-6), six new B-seco limonoids, together with four known A,D-di-seco ones, were isolated from the twigs with leaves of Tetradium fraxinifolium. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of analysis of MS, NMR, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and biogenetic pathway. An anti-inflammatory bioassay in vitro showed limonoids 1-3 had significant immunosuppressive effect against the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and/or TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xia Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Natural Product Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia-Ying Yao
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Nan Qin
- Natural Product Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun-Jie Tan
- Natural Product Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feng Han
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Natural Product Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shi-Jin Qu
- Natural Product Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shi-Jun He
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Chang-Heng Tan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Natural Product Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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13
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Szewczyk A, Pęczek F. Furoquinoline Alkaloids: Insights into Chemistry, Occurrence, and Biological Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12811. [PMID: 37628986 PMCID: PMC10454094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Furoquinoline alkaloids exhibit a diverse range of effects, making them potential candidates for medicinal applications. Several compounds within this group have demonstrated antimicrobial and antiprotozoal properties. Of great interest is their potential as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and anti-inflammatory agents in neurodegenerative diseases. The promising biological properties of furoquinoline alkaloids have motivated extensive research in this field. As a result, new compounds have been isolated from this group of secondary metabolites, and numerous pharmacological studies have been conducted to investigate their activity. It is crucial to understand the mechanisms of action of furoquinoline alkaloids due to their potential toxicity. Further research is required to elucidate their mechanisms of action and metabolism. Additionally, the exploration of derivative compounds holds significant potential in enhancing their pharmacological benefits. In vitro plant cultures offer an alternative approach to obtaining alkaloids from plant material, presenting a promising avenue for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Filip Pęczek
- SSG of Medicinal Plants and Mushroom Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Str., 30-688 Cracow, Poland;
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14
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Yohanes R, Harneti D, Supratman U, Fajriah S, Rudiana T. Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Murraya Species. Molecules 2023; 28:5901. [PMID: 37570872 PMCID: PMC10421387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Murraya is a plant genus within the Rutaceae family comprising over 17 species, which are widely distributed in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Furthermore, these species have been used in traditional medicine to treat fever, pain, and dysentery. Several reports have also extensively studied the leaves, seeds, stembark, and bark of Murraya from 1965 to 2023 to explore their natural product composition. Various phytochemical studies have revealed the isolation of 413 compounds recorded, comprising coumarins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and aromatics, as well as alkaloids, which constitute the largest proportion (46.9%). These isolated compounds have long been known to exhibit different bioactivities, such as cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties. Cytotoxic activity has been observed against HCT 116, HeLa, HepG2, and other cell lines. Previous studies have also reported the presence of antifungal, hepatoprotective, antihyperlipidemic, antidiarrheal, and antioxidant effects. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of Murraya species, highlighting their phytochemistry, biological activities, and potential as a source of active natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Yohanes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Desi Harneti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Sofa Fajriah
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Complex Cibinong Science—BRIN, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Tarso Rudiana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Pharmacy and Health, Universitas Mathlaul Anwar, Pandeglang 42273, Indonesia
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15
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Wang S, Xiang R, Kong L, Zhang Z, Lu J, Liu X, Ma W. The complete chloroplast genome of Aegle marmelos and its phylogenetic analysis. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2023; 8:787-790. [PMID: 37521904 PMCID: PMC10375917 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2023.2238934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa 1800, a plant belonging to the Rutaceae family, is extensively used in Tibetan medicine. We employed Illumina HiSeq reads to assemble the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of A. marmelos, which spans 144,538 bp. The genome comprises 114 genes, including 75 protein-coding genes, 31 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. It is characterized by four regions: The large single-copy (LSC) region (74,253 bp), the inverted repeat A (IRa) region (26,015 bp), the small single-copy (SSC) region (18,255 bp), and the inverted repeat B (IRb) region (26,015 bp). Phylogenomic analysis demonstrated a close relationship between A. marmelos and Citrus. The assembly of The cp genome in this study serves as a foundation for conservation efforts and phylogenetic investigations of A. marmelos, paving the way for future experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, China
| | | | - Lingyang Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, China
| | - Zhanping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, China
| | - Jiaxin Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, China
| | - Xiubo Liu
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, China
| | - Wei Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, China
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16
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Ding XY, Wen JR, Lin WY, Huang GY, Feng Q, Duan L, Zhang SJ, Liu Z, Zhang RR, Wang Y. Phloroglucinol derivatives, coumarins and an alkaloid from the roots of Evodia lepta Merr. Phytochemistry 2023:113774. [PMID: 37400011 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Two previously undescribed phloroglucinol derivatives [(±) evolephloroglucinols A and B], five unusual coumarins [evolecoumarins A and B and (±) evolecoumarins C-E], and one novel enantiomeric quinoline-type alkaloid [(±) evolealkaloid A], along with 20 known compounds, were isolated from the EtOH extract of the roots of Evodia lepta Merr. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configurations of the undescribed compounds were determined by X-ray diffraction or computational calculations. Their anti-neuroinflammatory effects were assayed. Among the identified compounds, compound 5a effectively reduced nitric oxide (NO) production with an EC50 value of 22.08 ± 0.46 μM. Hence, it could indeed inhibit the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ru Wen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Yao Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Yong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Gong Q, Aoki D, Matsushita Y, Yoshida M, Taniguchi T, Endoh K, Fukushima K. Microscopic distribution of alkaloids in freeze-fixed stems of Phellodendron amurense. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1203768. [PMID: 37351222 PMCID: PMC10283038 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1203768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Phellodendron amurense Rupr. contains rich alkaloids, which have been extensively applied in clinical treatments for their various biological activities. However, detailed microscopic distribution and roles of such alkaloids in P. amurense stem still need to be clarified. Methods In this study, the distribution of eight alkaloids in the transverse surface of freeze-fixed P. amurense stems in fall and summer has been visualized by cryo-time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (cryo-TOF-SIMS/SEM), which was found in living tissues with relative contents of different alkaloids varying with the position. In addition, the contents of these alkaloids quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis suggested the seasonal variation from fall to the following summer. Results and discussion Distribution of eight alkaloids in the freeze-fixed stems of P. amurense from fall and summer seasons has been visualized and assigned into specific living tissues, with relative contents varying in different positions with seasons, which suggested their possible roles in the physiological processes of the plant itself or plant responding to changes in the surrounding conditions. Conclusion This study provided a significant basis for further discussion of the genes or enzymes involved in these processes, which will contribute to investigating biosynthetic pathways and specific in planta roles of alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyue Gong
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Dan Aoki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Matsushita
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Yoshida
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toru Taniguchi
- Forest Bio-Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keita Endoh
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Fukushima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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18
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Ye QN, Wang CB, Chai T, Wang J, Meng XH, Shi XF, Yang JL. Alkylamides from Zanthoxylum armatum DC. and their neuroprotective activity. Phytochemistry 2023; 211:113704. [PMID: 37146703 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum armatum DC. is an important medicinal plant, and its pericarps are commonly used as a natural spice in Asian countries. In this study, fifteen alkylamides were isolated and elucidated from the pericarps of Z. armatum, including five undescribed alkylamides (1-5) and ten known compounds (6-15). The molecular structures of all compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry, among which the absolute configuration of compound 15 was determined by the Mo2(OAc)4-induced circular dichroism method. Moreover, all compounds were screened for their neuroprotective activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells for the evaluation of their neuroprotective activity. Especially, compounds 2-4 expressed potential neuroprotective activity, and further research showed that the cell viability was significantly enhanced in a concentration dependent manner when the cells were treated for 6 h. Moreover, compounds 2-4 could decrease reactive oxygen species accumulation. This paper enriched structure types of alkylamides in Zanthoxylum armatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Nv Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Bo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai, 264000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Hua Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China; Institute of Materia Medica, Gansu Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun-Li Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Pasdaran A, Hamedi A, Shiehzadeh S, Hamedi A. A review of citrus plants as functional foods and dietary supplements for human health, with an emphasis on meta-analyses, clinical trials, and their chemical composition. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 54:311-336. [PMID: 36963879 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Fruits, flowers, leaves, essential oils, hydrosols, and juices of citrus spp. Are utilized to prepare various forms of food products. Along with their nutritional values, in the health industry, different parts of the plants of the citrus genus have been used as supplements or remedies to prevent or control diseases. This review focused on reported meta-analyses and clinical trials on the health benefits of citrus plants as functional foods. Also, chemical compounds of various citrus species were reviewed. The following information sources were used for data collection: Google Scholar, the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Various keywords, including "citrus AND chemical compounds," "citrus AND phytochemicals," "citrus species," "citrus AND meta-analysis," "nutritional and therapeutical values of citrus spp.," "clinical trials AND citrus," "clinical trials AND Rutaceae," "health benefits of citrus spp.," "citrus edible or non-edible applications," and scientific names of the citrus plants were utilized to collect data for the review. The scientific name and common name of all twenty-eight citrus species, along with any of the above keywords, were also searched in the mentioned databases. Scientific papers and data sources were sought to review and discuss the citrus plant's nutritional and therapeutic importance. Several meta-analyses and clinical trials have reported beneficial effects of citrus spices on a variety of cancer risks, cardiovascular risk factors, neurologic disorders, urinary tract conditions, and gastrointestinal tract conditions. They have shown anxiolytic, antimicrobial, and pain-alleviating effects. Some of them can be helpful in managing obesity and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azar Hamedi
- School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Shiehzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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20
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Nathabumroong S, Wisetsai A, Lekphrom R, Suebrasri T, Schevenels FT. A new polyphenolic isoprenylated acetophenone dimer from the stem bark of Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:1098-1105. [PMID: 34632889 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1989680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new acetophenone dimer, 5'-prenylacrovestone (1), together with nineteen known compounds (2-20), were isolated from the stem bark of Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq. Their structures were identified by thorough analysis of spectroscopic (IR, 1D and 2D NMR) and mass spectrometric data. The isolated compounds were tested against the bacterial pathogens MRSA, B. cereus, S. aureus and E. coli. Compound 3 demonstrated exceptionally potent antibacterial activity against each of the four strains (MIC values of 1 µg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suphasit Nathabumroong
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Awat Wisetsai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ratsami Lekphrom
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Thanapat Suebrasri
- Faculty of Medical Science, Nakhonratchasima College, Nakhonratchasima, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Florian T Schevenels
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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21
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Wu SY, Chen ZM, Zhou Q, Huang GL, Zhou ZL, Bai M. Structurally diverse sulphur-containing amides from Glycosmis craibii with their potential antiproliferative activities. Fitoterapia 2023; 165:105418. [PMID: 36587747 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen new sulphur-containing amides, glycocramides A-N (1-14), as well as nine known analogues (15-23) were isolated and characterized from Glycosmis craibii Tanaka. The chemical structures of new sulphur-containing amides 1-14 were ambiguously elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, while the known compounds 15-23 were identified by the comparison of their experimental spectral data with those described data in the literatures. The antiproliferative effects of all isolated sulphur-containing amides were evaluated in vitro. As a result, part of sulphur-containing amides showed remarkable inhibitory effects against MGC-803 cell line with IC50 values ranging from 13.12 ± 0.10 to 20.03 ± 0.13 μM. These research results suggest that the sulphur-containing amides are potentially to be developed as a new natural anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Yuan Wu
- Western Guangdong Characteristic Biology and Medicine Engineering and Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Zi-Ming Chen
- Western Guangdong Characteristic Biology and Medicine Engineering and Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Western Guangdong Characteristic Biology and Medicine Engineering and Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Advanced Study, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Guo-Ling Huang
- Western Guangdong Characteristic Biology and Medicine Engineering and Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Zhong-Liu Zhou
- Western Guangdong Characteristic Biology and Medicine Engineering and Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Meng Bai
- Western Guangdong Characteristic Biology and Medicine Engineering and Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524000, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China.
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22
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Tundis R, Xiao J, Silva AS, Carreiró F, Loizzo MR. Health-Promoting Properties and Potential Application in the Food Industry of Citrus medica L. and Citrus × clementina Hort. Ex Tan. Essential Oils and Their Main Constituents. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12050991. [PMID: 36903853 PMCID: PMC10005512 DOI: 10.3390/plants12050991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Citrus is an important genus in the Rutaceae family, with high medicinal and economic value, and includes important crops such as lemons, orange, grapefruits, limes, etc. The Citrus species is rich sources of carbohydrates, vitamins, dietary fibre, and phytochemicals, mainly including limonoids, flavonoids, terpenes, and carotenoids. Citrus essential oils (EOs) consist of several biologically active compounds mainly belonging to the monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes classes. These compounds have demonstrated several health-promoting properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Citrus EOs are obtained mainly from peels, but also from leaves and flowers, and are widely used as flavouring ingredients in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. This review focused on the composition and biological properties of the EOs of Citrus medica L. and Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tan and their main constituents, limonene, γ-terpinene, myrcene, linalool, and sabinene. The potential applications in the food industry have been also described. All the articles available in English or with an abstract in English were extracted from different databases such as PubMed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0984-493246
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de St. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Animal Science Studies (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, 4501-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Carreiró
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de St. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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23
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Liu Q, Gao Y, Dong W, Zhao L. Plastome evolution and phylogeny of the tribe Ruteae ( Rutaceae). Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9821. [PMID: 36789335 PMCID: PMC9911629 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rutaceae is a large family, and the genus-level classification in the subfamilies or tribes of this family is not unified based on different taxonomic treatments. Until now, phylogenetic relationships of some genera in traditional tribe Ruteae have not been clearly resolved. In this study, seven new complete plastomes of this tribe were sequenced, and a comparative analysis was performed to investigate their plastome characteristics and evolution. In addition, we inferred the phylogenetic relationships of Ruteae based on complete plastome and nuclear ITS data. All plastomes exhibited a typical quadripartite structure and were relatively conserved in their structure and gene arrangement. Their genome sizes ranged from 154,656 bp to 160,677 bp, and the size variation was found to be associated with differences in IR expansion and gene loss. A total of 112 to 114 genes were identified in the genomes, including 78 to 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, 4 rRNA genes, and 2 pseudogenes. Sequence divergence analysis indicated that non-coding regions exhibited a higher percentage of variable characters, and nine non-coding and six coding regions were identified as divergent hotspots. Phylogenetic results based on different datasets showed that this tribe was divided into three reciprocally exclusive groups. The phylogenetic analyses between plastome and nuclear ITS data were partly incongruent with each other. This study provides new insights into plastome evolution of Ruteae as well as Rutaceae. The availability of these plastomes provides useful genomic resources for molecular DNA barcodes and phylogenetically informative markers and deepens our understanding of the phylogeny in Ruteae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Liu
- School of Ecology and Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yongwei Gao
- School of Ecology and Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wenpan Dong
- School of Ecology and Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Liangcheng Zhao
- Museum of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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24
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Qin F, Luo L, Chen Y, Wei G, Wei CC, Yang XH, Fang YL, Wang HS. A new phenylpropanoic acid congener from Zanthoxylum nitidum. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-7. [PMID: 36757213 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2176490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
One new phenylpropanoic acid congener, 2R-(5'-methoxy) pandanusphenol B (1), along with 26 known isolates, were isolated from Zanthoxylum nitidum. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data and circular dichroism analyses. All compounds, except 4, 7-10, 15, 17, 19 and 25, were reported from Z. nitidum for the first time. Among them, 16 compounds (1-3, 5-6, 12-14, 16, 20-24 and 26-27) were discovered from genus Zanthoxylum for the first time, while 15 compounds (1-3, 5-6, 12-14, 20-24 and 26-27) were isolated from the Rutaceae family for the first time. All isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines and the results showed that compound 27 exhibited significant cytotoxicity toward HepG2 and T24, with IC50 values of 2.49 and 7.0 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qin
- Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Luo
- Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wei
- Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ce Wei
- Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Lin Fang
- Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
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25
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Qin F, Wang CY, Wang CG, Chen Y, Li JJ, Li MS, Zhu YK, Lee SK, Wang HS. Undescribed isoquinolines from Zanthoxylum nitidum and their antiproliferative effects against human cancer cell lines. Phytochemistry 2023; 205:113476. [PMID: 36265658 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Eleven previously undescribed alkaloids, including three pairs of enantiomers nitidumalkaloids A-C, a pair of scalemic mixtures nitidumalkaloid D and three optically pure or achiral alkaloids, nitidumalkaloids E-G, along with 20 known alkaloids, were isolated from an ethanolic extract of the whole Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC plant. The chemical structures of the alkaloids were elucidated using a combination of comprehensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) analyses. The configuration of the stereogenic centers of all undescribed compounds was precisely established based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Racemic mixtures of nitidumalkaloids A-D were purified, and their enantiomers were analyzed via chiral-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection measurements (HPLC-ECD). Twelve compounds exhibited significant antiproliferative activities against a panel of cancer cell lines. Further studies were designed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of (1'S, 6R)-nitidumalkaloid B, which was the most active antiproliferative agent against human cancer A549 cells. G2/M cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, and suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were in part associated with the antiproliferative activity of (1'S, 6R)-nitidumalkaloid B. Moreover, (1'S, 6R)-nitidumalkaloid B inhibited cell migration by downregulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process in A549 cells. These data suggest that the antiproliferation activity of (1'S, 6R)-nitidumalkaloid B was correlated with the stereoselectivity of the stereoisomers, and (1'S, 6R)-nitidumalkaloid B was prioritized as a potential leading compound for the management of aggressive human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Yi Wang
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Gu Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Kui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Machado SR, de Deus Bento KB, Canaveze Y, Rodrigues TM. Peltate trichomes in the dormant shoot apex of Metrodorea nigra, a Rutaceae species with rhythmic growth. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2023; 25:161-175. [PMID: 36278887 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In Metrodorea nigra, a Rutaceae species with rhythmic growth, the shoot apex in the dormant stage is enclosed by modified stipules. The young organs are fully covered with peltate secretory trichomes, and these structures remain immersed in a hyaline exudate within a hood-shaped structure. Our study focused on the morpho-functional characterization of the peltate trichomes and cytological events associated with secretion. Shoot apices were collected during both dormant and active stages and processed for anatomical, cytochemical and ultrastructural studies. Trichomes initiate secretion early on, remain active throughout leaf development, but collapse as the leaves expand; at which time secretory cavities start differentiation in the mesophyll and secretion increases as the leaf reaches full expansion. The subcellular apparatus of the trichome head cells is consistent with hydrophilic and lipophilic secretion. Secretion involves two vesicle types: the smaller vesicles are PATAg-positive (periodic acid/thiocarbohydrazide/silver proteinate) for carbohydrates and the larger ones are PATAg-negative. In the first phase of secretory activity, the vesicles containing polysaccharides discharge their contents through exocytosis with the secretion accumulating beneath the cuticle, which detaches from the cell wall. Later, a massive discharge of lipophilic substances (lipids and terpenes/phenols) results in their accumulation between the wall and cuticle. Release of the secretions occurs throughout the cuticular microchannels. Continued protection of the leaves throughout shoot development is ensured by replacement of the collapsed secretory trichomes by oil-secreting cavities. Our findings provide new perspectives for understanding secretion regulation in shoot apices of woody species with rhythmic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Machado
- Center of Electron Microscopy (CME), Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu City, SP, Brazil
| | - K B de Deus Bento
- Postgraduate Program in Plant Biology Interunits, Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu City, SP, Brazil
| | - Y Canaveze
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro City, RJ, Brazil
| | - T M Rodrigues
- Department of Biostatistics, Plant Biology, Parasitology and Zoology, Institute of Biosciences - IBB, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu City, SP, Brazil
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27
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Farouil L, Dias RP, Popotte-Julisson G, Bibian G, Adou AI, de la Mata AP, Sylvestre M, Harynuk JJ, Cebrián-Torrejón G. The Metabolomic Profile of the Essential Oil from Zanthoxylum caribaeum (syn. chiloperone) Growing in Guadeloupe FWI using GC × GC-TOFMS. Metabolites 2022; 12. [PMID: 36557331 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil (EO) from the leaves of Zanthoxylum caribaeum (syn. Chiloperone) (Rutaceae) was studied previously for its acaricidal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and insecticidal properties. In prior studies, the most abundant compound class found in leaf oils from Brazil, Costa Rica, and Paraguay was terpenoids. Herein, essential oil from the leaves of Zanthoxylum caribaeum (prickly yellow, bois chandelle blanc (FWI), peñas Blancas (Costa Rica), and tembetary hu (Paraguay)) growing in Guadeloupe was analyzed with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS), and thirty molecules were identified. A comparison with previously published leaf EO compositions of the same species growing in Brazil, Costa Rica, and Paraguay revealed a number of molecules in common such as β-myrcene, limonene, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and spathulenol. Some molecules identified in Zanthoxylum caribaeum from Guadeloupe showed some antimetabolic effects on enzymes; the in-depth study of this plant and its essential oil with regard to metabolic diseases merits further exploration.
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28
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Hilmayanti E, Nurlelasari, Supratman U, Kabayama K, Shimoyama A, Fukase K. Limonoids with anti-inflammatory activity: A review. Phytochemistry 2022; 204:113469. [PMID: 36228704 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The natural limonoids distributed mainly in the Meliaceae and Rutaceae plants are known for their unique and complex structure with high degree oxidation and cyclic rearrangement. However, these compounds exhibit a broad range of biological activities such as insecticidal, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. There is still limited report about the biological activity of the anti-inflammatory effect of limonoids isolated from plants. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of intact, deformed and rearranged limonoids as anti-inflammatory agents. The majority of anti-inflammatory investigations were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays of the isolated pure compounds and their derivatives. For the in vitro study, intact and C-ring seco limonoids showed a potent inhibitory effect against NO production. The in vivo analysis of Intact, C-seco, and AD-seco limonoids showed a potent effect based on the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression, indicating their potency as anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Hilmayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Nurlelasari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; Central Laboratory of Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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29
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Hong M, Xiao K, Lin P, Lin J. Five Rutaceae family ethanol extracts alleviate H 2O 2 and LPS-induced inflammation via NF-κB and JAK-STAT3 pathway in HaCaT cells. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:937-947. [PMID: 36549807 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of five Rutaceae family ethanol extracts (FRFEE): Citrus medica Linn (CML), Citrus aurantium L. Cv. Daidai (CAD), Citrus medica Linn. var. sarcodactylis (Noot.) Swingle (CMS),Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck (CSO) and Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (ZBM) on retarding the progression of H2O2 and LPS-induced HaCaT cells. Cell inflammatory injury model was established by H2O2 and LPS. The alleviative effects of FRFEE were evaluated by detecting the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The inflammatory signaling pathways of NF-κB and JAK-STAT3 were detected by Western blotting, the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors and skin barrier factors were detected by RT-PCR. 50% ethanol extracts of five medicinal and food homologous herbs of Rutaceae family showed different levels of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The FRFEE effectively improved SOD and GSH content and decreased ROS levels. Meanwhile, FRFEE strongly suppressed two inflammatory signaling pathways NF-κB and JAK-STAT3. The RT-PCR examination of inflammatory factors and skin barrier factor revealed significant anti-inflammatory effects of FRFEE. It was worth noting that among the five extracts, Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim extract had the best anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation effects. In addition, it could strongly inhibit the expression of psoriasis factor CCL20. In summary, these results suggested that Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim extract could be used as an anti-psoriatic agent in the treatment of psoriasis among FRFEE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsa Hong
- School of Life sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Kun Xiao
- School of Life sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Pei Lin
- School of Life sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jun Lin
- School of Life sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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30
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Chen H, Lin J, Zhu S, Zeng K, Tu P, Jiang Y. Anti-inflammatory constituents from the stems and leaves of Glycosmis ovoidea Pierre. Phytochemistry 2022; 203:113369. [PMID: 35973615 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seven undescribed compounds, including four acridones, two coumarins, and a phenylpropanoid, together with 13 known acridone analogues were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the stems and leaves of Glycosmis ovoidea Pierre. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic data, and the absolute configurations were assigned by comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD data. Five compounds showed moderate inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide in BV-2 microglial cells with IC50 values in the range of 18.30-30.84 μM, and three compounds showed potent inhibition on 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) with IC50 values in the range of 2.08-10.26 μM. The possible binding sites of the active compounds with 5-LOX were further performed by molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Sisi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kewu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Luera P, Gabler CA. Combined Effects of Scarification, Phytohormones, Stratification, and Soil Type on the Germination and/or Seedling Performance of Three Tamaulipan Thornscrub Forest Species. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2687. [PMID: 36297711 PMCID: PMC9610753 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tamaulipan thornforests in south Texas and northeast Mexico are a conservation hotspot. Shortages of native seedlings limit regional restoration and are largely driven by knowledge gaps regarding propagation of the 75+ thornforest species planted during restorations. We previously investigated three thornforest species with low or inconsistent germination or seedling survival: Ebenopsis ebano (Fabaceae), Cordia boissieri (Boraginaceae), and Zanthoxylum fagara (Rutaceae), and identified the types and dosages of chemical seed treatments that maximized germination. However, chemical treatments were performed in isolation and combinational treatments may be required to break dormancy or maximize germination. This study builds on prior work by investigating the effects of all possible combinations of sulfuric acid (SA), gibberellic acid (GA), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) treatments on germination of the same focal species, and further quantified the combined effects of five chemical treatments, three stratification treatments, and six soil mixture types on the germination and seedling performance of the focal species. Ebenopsis ebano germination peaked with SA and was not improved with additional chemical treatments. Cordia boissieri germination was highest with GA only in our indoor experiment but peaked with GA + IBA + SA in our outdoor experiment. Zanthoxylum fagara germination was near zero in all treatments. Stratification treatments marginally reduced E. ebano germination and reduced C. boissieri seedling height. Soil type had significant impacts on E. ebano germination and leaf abundance (residual differences up to 40% or 4 leaves, respectively) and influenced some of the effects of chemical treatments. These results enhance our understanding of thornforest seed ecology and best practices for nursery propagation of seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Luera
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 W University Blvd, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Christopher A. Gabler
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 W University Blvd, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W University Dr, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
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Blanco Carcache PJ, Anaya Eugenio GD, Ninh TN, Moore CE, Rivera-Chávez J, Ren Y, Soejarto DD, Kinghorn AD. Cytotoxic constituents of Glycosmis ovoidea collected in Vietnam. Fitoterapia 2022; 162:105265. [PMID: 35963484 PMCID: PMC9532375 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Compounds derived from natural sources have been major contributors to the area of cancer chemotherapy for decades. As part of an ongoing effort to discover anticancer drug leads from tropical plants, a large-scale collection of Glycosmis ovoidea Pierre (Rutaceae), was made at Nui Chua National Park, Vietnam. Activity-guided fractionation of the chloroform-soluble fractions led to the isolation of nine coumarins, including the new compound, 1-(7-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-8-yl)-3-methyl-1-oxobut-2-en-2-yl (S)-2-methylbutanoate (1). An close analogue of 1, namely, kincuongin (2), was deemed as non-cytotoxic (IC50 > 10 μM) against five different cancer cell lines. However, co-administration of kimcuongin (2) showed an approximately 100 times potentiation of the MCF-7 breast cancer cell cytotoxicity of the previously reported flavonoid, 5,3'-dihydroxy-3,6,7,8,4'-pentamethoxyflavone (10). To provide a mechanistic basis for the cancer cell line inhibition enhancement observed, an initial in silico study on compound 10 indicated that it interacts with isoforms of the NF-κB complex. In a confirmatory western blot experiment conducted, kimcuongin (2) was found to potentiate the effects of flavone 10 in inhibiting both NF-κB and PARP-1. In vivo investigations using a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model showed that compounds 2, 3, 5, and 6 did not exhibit any discernible toxicity at concentrations up to 50 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Blanco Carcache
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Gerardo D Anaya Eugenio
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Tran Ngoc Ninh
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Curtis E Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - José Rivera-Chávez
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química, UNAM, Cuidad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Yulin Ren
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Djaja D Soejarto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Science and Education, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, United States
| | - A Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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Kakumu Y, Thi Nguyen MT, Mitsunaga T. Molecular networking-based discovery of anti-inflammatory chromene dimers from Melicope pteleifolia. Phytochemistry 2022; 202:113322. [PMID: 35839858 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the aid of a feature-based molecular networking strategy, five undescribed C2 and C1 symmetric chromene dimers, namely, melptelchromenes A-E, were isolated from the leaves of Melicope pteleifolia. Four asymmetric dimers were found to be racemates and were resolved by chiral phase HPLC analyses. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were elucidated by HRMS, NMR spectroscopy, and quantum mechanical calculations of ECD spectra and NMR chemical shifts. Melptelchromenes A-D possess a unique ethylidene linkage via two 2H-chromene cores, while melptelchromene E represents the first example of a dimeric chromene featuring a 1,3-diarylbutan-1-ol moiety. Of these compounds, 6,6'-linked dimeric chromenes showed nitric oxide inhibitory activities on lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264 cells, and (-)- and (+)-melptelchromene E were the two most potent compounds (IC50, 3.0 and 5.1 μM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Kakumu
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Minh Tu Thi Nguyen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet Road, Hanoi, 11615, Viet Nam; New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tohru Mitsunaga
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan; Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
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Alves MN, Raiol-Junior LL, Girardi EA, Miranda M, Wulff NA, Carvalho EV, Lopes SA, Ferro JA, Ollitrault P, Peña L. Insight into resistance to ' Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus,' associated with Huanglongbing, in Oceanian citrus genotypes. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1009350. [PMID: 36160987 PMCID: PMC9500433 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB), the most destructive citrus disease, is associated with unculturable, phloem-limited Candidatus Liberibacter species, mainly Ca. L. asiaticus (Las). Las is transmitted naturally by the insect Diaphorina citri. In a previous study, we determined that the Oceanian citrus relatives Eremocitrus glauca, Microcitrus warburgiana, Microcitrus papuana, and Microcitrus australis and three hybrids among them and Citrus were full-resistant to Las. After 2 years of evaluations, leaves of those seven genotypes remained Las-free even with their susceptible rootstock being infected. However, Las was detected in their stem bark above the scion-rootstock graft union. Aiming to gain an understanding of the full-resistance phenotype, new experiments were carried out with the challenge-inoculated Oceanian citrus genotypes through which we evaluated: (1) Las acquisition by D. citri fed onto them; (2) Las infection in sweet orange plants grafted with bark or budwood from them; (3) Las infection in sweet orange plants top-grafted onto them; (4) Las infection in new shoots from rooted plants of them; and (5) Las infection in new shoots of them after drastic back-pruning. Overall, results showed that insects that fed on plants from the Oceanian citrus genotypes, their canopies, new flushes, and leaves from rooted cuttings evaluated remained quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-negative. Moreover, their budwood pieces were unable to infect sweet orange through grafting. Furthermore, sweet orange control leaves resulted infected when insects fed onto them and graft-receptor susceptible plants. Genomic and morphological analysis of the Oceanian genotypes corroborated that E. glauca and M. warburgiana are pure species while our M. australis accession is an M. australis × M. inodora hybrid and M. papuana is probably a M. papuana × M. warburgiana hybrid. E. glauca × C. sinensis hybrid was found coming from a cross between E. glauca and mandarin or tangor. Eremocitrus × Microcitrus hybrid is a complex admixture of M. australasica, M. australis, and E. glauca while the last hybrid is an M. australasica × M. australis admixture. Confirmation of consistent full resistance in these genotypes with proper validation of their genomic parentages is essential to map properly genomic regions for breeding programs aimed to generate new Citrus-like cultivars yielding immunity to HLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica N. Alves
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, Araraquara, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Laudecir L. Raiol-Junior
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, Araraquara, Brazil
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A. Girardi
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, Araraquara, Brazil
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | - Maéva Miranda
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Montpellier, France
- AGAP Institut, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Everton V. Carvalho
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, Araraquara, Brazil
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | | | - Jesus A. Ferro
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Patrick Ollitrault
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Montpellier, France
- AGAP Institut, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Leandro Peña
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, Araraquara, Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Chai T, Qiang Y. Two new coumarins from branches of Zanthoxylum schinifolium. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2022; 24:820-826. [PMID: 34662216 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1992391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two new coumarins (1-2) have been isolated from a methanol extract of Zanthoxylum schinifolium branches. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 have been elucidated as 6-isopentenyl -7-benzoyl-coumarin and 3-isopentenyl-7-benzoyl-coumarin based on extensive spectroscopic analysis, including IR, NMR, and MS. The inhibitory activity of compounds 1 and 2 against HeLa and HepG2 cell lines has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yin Qiang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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36
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Xia-Hou ZR, Feng XF, Mei YF, Zhang YY, Yang T, Pan J, Yang JH, Wang YS. 5-Demethoxy-10'-ethoxyexotimarin F, a New Coumarin with MAO-B Inhibitory Potential from Murraya exotica L. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 35956898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutaceae plants are known for being a rich source of coumarins. Preliminary molecular docking showed that there was no significant difference for coumarins in Clausena and Murraya, both of which had high scoring values and showed good potential inhibitory activity to the MAO-B enzyme. Overall, 32 coumarins were isolated from Murraya exotica L., including a new coumarin 5-demethoxy-10′-ethoxyexotimarin F (1). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS spectroscopic data, and the absolute configurations were assigned via a comparison of the specific rotations and the ECD exciton coupling method. The potential of new coumarin (1) as a selective inhibitor of MAO-B was initially evaluated through molecular docking and pharmacophore studies. Compound (1) showed selectivity for the MAO-B isoenzyme and inhibitory activity in the sub-micromolar range with an IC50 value of 153.25 ± 1.58 nM (MAO-B selectivity index > 172).
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Essombe Malolo FA, Bellier Tabekoueng G, Dongmo Tekapi Tsopgni W, Nguemdjo Chimeze VW, Kenmogne Kouam A, Mas-Claret E, Langat MK, Ndom JC, Frese M, Sewald N, Duplex Wansi J. Chemical Constituents of the Stem Bark of the Hybrid Plant Citrus × paradisi Macfad. ( Rutaceae). Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202101033. [PMID: 35678514 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202101033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The stem bark of Citrus × paradisi Macfad. (Rutaceae) gave (23S)-isolimonexic acid (1), limonin (2), citracridone II (3), citpressine II (4), citpressine I (5), grandisine (6), 2-hydroxynoracronycine (7), citracridone I (8), 5-methoxyseselin (9), umbelliferone (10), scopoletin (11), naringenin (12), apigenin (13), friedelin (14), agrostophyllinone (15) and stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (16). The structures of the compounds were determined using NMR and MS spectroscopic data, and by comparison with published data. The relative configuration of 1 was proposed as (23S)-isolimonexic acid using NOE studies. Hydrogenation reaction of compound 3 led to the new derivative 3',4'-dihydrocitracridone II (3a). Cytotoxicity activities against the human adenocarcinoma alveolar basal epithelial cell lines A549 and the Caucasian prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines PC3, using the MTT assays showed that the methanol crude extract was significant with IC50 values of 30.1 and 31.7 μg/mL, respectively, with the positive control, doxorubicin giving an IC50 of 0.9 μM. In addition, compounds 3, 7 and 8 gave moderate cytotoxic activities with IC50 values of 33.1, 31.2 and 32.5 μM for A549 cells and 35.7, 33.8 and 34.9 μM for PC3 cells, respectively. The hydrogenated 3a was less active than 3, suggesting that the presence of the double bond in pyrans is important for structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Bellier Tabekoueng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Ariane Kenmogne Kouam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Eduard Mas-Claret
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Green, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Moses K Langat
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Green, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Jean Claude Ndom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Marcel Frese
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jean Duplex Wansi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon.,Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
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38
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Pausas JG, Lamont BB. Fire-released seed dormancy - a global synthesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1612-1639. [PMID: 35384243 PMCID: PMC9540907 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Seed dormancy varies greatly between species, clades, communities, and regions. We propose that fireprone ecosystems create ideal conditions for the selection of seed dormancy as fire provides a mechanism for dormancy release and postfire conditions are optimal for germination. Thus, fire‐released seed dormancy should vary in type and abundance under different fire regimes. To test these predictions, we compiled data from a wide range of fire‐related germination experiments for species in different ecosystems across the globe. We identified four dormancy syndromes: heat‐released (physical) dormancy, smoke‐released (physiological) dormancy, non‐fire‐released dormancy, and non‐dormancy. In fireprone ecosystems, fire, in the form of heat and/or chemical by‐products (collectively termed ‘smoke’), are the predominant stimuli for dormancy release and subsequent germination, with climate (cold or warm stratification) and light sometimes playing important secondary roles. Fire (heat or smoke)‐released dormancy is best expressed where woody vegetation is dense and fires are intense, i.e. in crown‐fire ecosystems. In such environments, seed dormancy allows shade‐intolerant species to take advantage of vegetation gaps created by fire and synchronize germination with optimal recruitment conditions. In grassy fireprone ecosystems (e.g. savannas), where fires are less intense but more frequent, seed dormancy is less common and dormancy release is often not directly related to fire (non‐fire‐released dormancy). Rates of germination, whether controls or postfire, are twice as fast in savannas than in mediterranean ecosystems. Fire‐released dormancy is rare to absent in arid ecosystems and rainforests. The seeds of many species with fire‐released dormancy also possess elaiosomes that promote ant dispersal. Burial by ants increases insulation of seeds from fires and places them in a suitable location for fire‐released dormancy. The distribution of these dormancy syndromes across seed plants is not random – certain dormancy types are associated with particular lineages (phylogenetic conservatism). Heat‐released dormancy can be traced back to fireprone floras in the ‘fiery’ mid‐Cretaceous, followed by smoke‐released dormancy, with loss of fire‐related dormancy among recent events associated with the advent of open savannas and non‐fireprone habitats. Anthropogenic influences are now modifying dormancy‐release mechanisms, usually decreasing the role of fire as exaptive effects. We conclude that contrasting fire regimes are a key driver of the evolution and maintenance of diverse seed dormancy types in many of the world's natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli G Pausas
- CIDE-CSIC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Montcada, Valencia, 46113, Spain
| | - Byron B Lamont
- Ecology Section, School of Life and Molecular Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
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Haba M, Abe N, Kamiya T, Mizuno N, Okubo S, Yamaura T, Hara H, Oyama M. Two new methoxylated flavones isolated from Casimiroa edulis La Llave and their MMP-9 inhibitory activity. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:5959-5966. [PMID: 35245426 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2048300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Casimiroa edulis La Llave is known to contain unusual 5,6-dimethoxyflavones bearing a variously oxygenated B-ring. Phytochemical investigation of the leaves and the roots of C. edulis achieved the isolation of two new methoxylated flavones, named casedulones A (1) and B (2), together with 12 known analogues. Their unique structures were established with the aid of spectral analyses and total syntheses. Pre-treatment with 20 µM of 1 and 2 suppressed MMP-9 expression in LPS-mediated THP-1 cells, indicating that the characteristic flavonoids in C. edulis could be potential anti-angiogenics for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Haba
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naohito Abe
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kamiya
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nagisa Mizuno
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okubo
- The Yamashina Botanical Research Institute, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takao Yamaura
- The Yamashina Botanical Research Institute, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Oyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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40
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Sousa JAC, Reis ACC, Magalhães CLDB, Silva BDM, Brandão GC. New flavone, and cytotoxicity activity of Rauia resinosa ethanolic extract and constituents. Nat Prod Res 2022:1-6. [PMID: 35142584 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2039138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The ethanolic extract from leaves of Rauia resinosa, Rutaceae, provided a new flavone, 5-hydroxy-5',6,7-trimethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxyflavone (1), in addition to four known compounds: 3',4',5,5',7-pentamethoxyflavone (2), 5,7,8-trimethoxy-3'4'-methylenedioxyflavone (3), 3',4',5,7,8-pentamethoxyflavone (4) and β-sitosterol (5). The structures of all compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods, mainly 1D and 2D NMR, UPLC-DAD-MS and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, involving comparison with literature data. Cytotoxicity of leaves and stems extracts, their fractions and compounds (2), (3), (4) and (5) were evaluated against T24 (bladder carcinoma), TOV-21-G (ovarian adenocarcinoma) and HepG2 (liver carcinoma) cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordano Augusto Carvalho Sousa
- Escola de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas/CiPharma, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cotta Cardoso Reis
- Escola de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas/CiPharma, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Lopes de Brito Magalhães
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Breno de Mello Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Célio Brandão
- Escola de Farmácia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas/CiPharma, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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Noulala CGT, Ouete JLN, Atangana AF, Mbahbou GTB, Fotso GW, Stammler HG, Lenta BN, Happi EN, Sewald N, Ngadjui BT. Soyauxinine, a New Indolopyridoquinazoline Alkaloid from the Stem Bark of Araliopsis soyauxii Engl. ( Rutaceae). Molecules 2022; 27:1104. [PMID: 35164367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical investigation of the total alkaloid extract (TAE) of the stem bark of Araliopsis soyauxii (Rutaceae) afforded an unreported indolopyridoquinazoline (compound 1) along with nine previously known alkaloids 2–10. In addition, six semi-synthetic derivatives 3a–c, 4b, 5a and 6a were prepared by allylation and acetonidation of soyauxinium nitrate (5), edulinine (3), ribalinine (4) and arborinine (6). The structures and spectroscopic data of five of them are reported herein for the first time. The suggested mechanism for the formation of the new N-allylindolopyridoquinazoline 5a is presented. The structures of natural and derived compounds were determined employing extensive NMR and MS techniques. The absolute configuration of stereogenic centers in compounds 2–4 were determined using NOESY technique and confirmed by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) technique. The use of SC-XRD further enabled us to carry out a structural revision of soyauxinium chloride recently isolated from the same plant to soyauxinium nitrate (5). The TAE, fractions, compounds 1–7 and 9, and semi-synthetic derivatives 3a–c, 4b, 5a and 6a were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity towards the cervix carcinoma cell line KB-3-1. No significant activity was recorded for most of the compounds except for 9, which showed moderate activity against the tested cancer cell lines.
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Yuan HM, Qiu L, Song Y, Zou L, Yang LF, Fu Q. [Phenylpropanoids from Zanthoxylum species and their pharmacological activities: a review]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2021; 46:5760-5772. [PMID: 34951163 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210531.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids are one of the major chemical constituents in Zanthoxylum species. They include simple phenylpropanoids, coumarins, and lignans and possess anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, insecticidal, and antifeedant activities. This review summarizes the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities from the Zanthoxylum plants in hopes of providing reference for the research and application of phenylpropanoids from this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Mei Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Lu Qiu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Chengdu University Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University Chengdu 610106, China Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Chengdu University Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Long-Fei Yang
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University Chengdu 610106, China
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Mackenzie BDE, Auld TD, Keith DA, Ooi MKJ. Fire Seasonality, Seasonal Temperature Cues, Dormancy Cycling, and Moisture Availability Mediate Post-fire Germination of Species With Physiological Dormancy. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:795711. [PMID: 34925432 PMCID: PMC8678276 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.795711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fire seasonality (the time of year of fire occurrence) has important implications for a wide range of demographic processes in plants, including seedling recruitment. However, the underlying mechanisms of fire-driven recruitment of species with physiological seed dormancy remain poorly understood, limiting effective fire and conservation management, with insights hampered by common methodological practices and complex dormancy and germination requirements. We sought to identify the mechanisms that regulate germination of physiologically dormant species in nature and assess their sensitivity to changes in fire seasonality. We employed a combination of laboratory-based germination trials and burial-retrieval trials in natural populations of seven species of Boronia (Rutaceae) to characterize seasonal patterns in dormancy and fire-stimulated germination over a 2-year period and synthesized the observed patterns into a conceptual model of fire seasonality effects on germination. The timing and magnitude of seedling emergence was mediated by seasonal dormancy cycling and seasonal temperature cues, and their interactions with fire seasonality, the degree of soil heating expected during a fire, and the duration of imbibition. Primary dormancy was overcome within 4-10 months' burial and cycled seasonally. Fire-associated heat and smoke stimulated germination once dormancy was alleviated, with both cues required in combination by some species. For some species, germination was restricted to summer temperatures (a strict seasonal requirement), while others germinated over a broader seasonal range of temperatures but exhibited seasonal preferences through greater responses at warmer or cooler temperatures. The impacts of fires in different seasons on germination can vary in strength and direction, even between sympatric congeners, and are strongly influenced by moisture availability (both the timing of post-fire rainfall and the duration soils stay moist enough for germination). Thus, fire seasonality and fire severity (via its effect on soil heating) are expected to significantly influence post-fire emergence patterns in these species and others with physiological dormancy, often leading to "germination interval squeeze." Integration of these concepts into current fire management frameworks is urgently required to ensure best-practice conservation. This is especially pertinent given major, ongoing shifts in fire seasonality and rainfall patterns across the globe due to climate change and increasing anthropogenic ignitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berin D. E. Mackenzie
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Science, Economics and Insights Division, NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
| | - Tony D. Auld
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Science, Economics and Insights Division, NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - David A. Keith
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Science, Economics and Insights Division, NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
- NSW Bushfire Risk Management Research Hub, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark K. J. Ooi
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- NSW Bushfire Risk Management Research Hub, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Tang X, Zhao M, Chen Z, Huang J, Chen Y, Wang F, Wan K. Visualizing the spatial distribution of metabolites in Clausena lansium (Lour.) skeels using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Phytochemistry 2021; 192:112930. [PMID: 34481177 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels (Rutaceae) is a natural bioactive plant. Its roots, stems, leaves, and seeds are widely used in Chinese traditional and folk medicine. Although the characterization and functional analysis of bioactive components in Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels has been widely reported, the spatial distribution of these compounds within the main plant tissues remains undefined. Here, we adopted matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) to reveal the spatial distribution of active alkaloids, coumarins, sugars and organic acids in C. lansium. Using a combined wet and dry matrix covering method to enhance sensitivity, we detected alkaloids throughout the fruit including 3-methylcarbazole and murrastinine which were especially rich in the kernel tissues but were restricted to the stem xylem and medulla and in the leaf epidermal region. Interestingly, murrayanine and heptaphylline were mainly found in pulp tissues with very low content in the stems and leaves while girinimbine was only distributed within the outer kernel skin. Coumarins were mainly distributed in the fruit pericarp and leaf vein tissues but with no clear spatial specificity in stems. Lastly, hexoses were mainly evident in the fruit pulp, although sucrose was also found in the pericarp, pulp, and pulp fibers with citric acid being distributed throughout the fruit. The accurate spatial and chemical information obtained provides new insights into the specific accumulation of metabolites in individual tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Tang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Meiyan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhiting Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jianxiang Huang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fuhua Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Kai Wan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Agro-product Safety and Quality (Guangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
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Niu SL, Lv TM, Tong ZF, Li XY, Xue JJ, Yuan J, Hu P. Two new prenylated coumarins from roots of Zanthoxylum nitidum. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2021; 23:1043-1050. [PMID: 34709085 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1993835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two new prenylated coumarins, 3'-hydroxytoddanone (1), and isotoddalolactone (2), along with four known analogues (3-6) were isolated from the roots of Zanthoxylum nitidum. Their chemical structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic interpretation and HR-ESI-MS analysis. The absolute configuration of compound 2 was determined by comparing experimental ECD spectrum with that calculated by the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method. Compounds 4-6 were isolated from the Zanthoxylum genus for the first time. The two new compounds were tested for antiproliferative activities in vitro on the HL-60, K562 and THP-1 cell lines. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate cell growth inhibitory activities in vitro against human leukemic HL-60 cell lines, with IC50 values of 32.64 and 33.15 µM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Li Niu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tian-Meng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhi-Fan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jing-Jing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Research on Pathogenesis of Allergen Provoked Allergic Disease in Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
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Alam F, Mohammadin K, Shafique Z, Amjad ST, Asad MHHB. Citrus flavonoids as potential therapeutic agents: A review. Phytother Res 2021; 36:1417-1441. [PMID: 34626134 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The plants Rutaceae family are known to have contributed a lot toward food and medicine. The most important metabolites of the family are flavonoids. A systematic review was conducted to collect chemical and pharmacological information of flavonoids isolated from family Rutaceae till 2018. A plethora of flavonoids have been isolated and studied systematically for various bioactivities, including anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, analgesic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, in bronchitis, ulcers, and so on. The important groups of flavonoids isolated are naringin, poncirin, rhoifolin, marmesin, hesperidin, tangeretin, nobiletin, glychalcone, glyflavanone, lemairone, acacetin 3,6-di-C-glucoside, vicenin-2, lucenin-2 4'-methyl ether, narirutin 4'-O-glucoside, apigenin 8-C-neohesperidoside, phloretin 3',5'-di-C-glucoside, rutin, rhamnetin, dihydrokaempferol, dihydrokaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside (engeletin) and kaempferol, excavaside A and B, myricetin 3-O-β-D-rutinoside, myricetin 3,3'-di-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, myricetin 3'-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, and others. The flavonoids isolated from the citrus family need to be considered from a nutraceutical, therapeutic, and pharmaceutical point of view for future medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiaz Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Kinza Mohammadin
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Shafique
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Sayyeda Tayyeba Amjad
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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Raju R, Mathew S, Singh A, Reddell P, Münch G. Acronyols A and B, new anti-inflammatory prenylated phloroglucinols from the fruits of Acronychia crassipetala. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4364-4370. [PMID: 34612780 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1986711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Two new phloroglucinols, acronyols A (1) and B (2) along with the four known (3-6) pholoroglucinols were identified following anti-inflammatory activity guided fractionation from the fruits of Acronychia crassipetala (family Rutaceae). The pholoroglucinols (1-6) were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on NO production and downregulation of TNF-α in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Raju
- Department of Pharmacology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shintu Mathew
- Department of Pharmacology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ahilya Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Reddell
- QBiotics Group Limited, Yungaburra, QLD, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- Department of Pharmacology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Teja PK, Patel P, Bhavsar D, Bindusri C, Jadhav K, Chauthe SK. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and formulation aspects of Glycosmis species: A systematic review. Phytochemistry 2021; 190:112865. [PMID: 34314905 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present article is a systematic and constructive review of the traditional medicinal uses, chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and formulation aspects of Glycosmis species. The genus Glycosmis comprise 51 accepted species broadly distributed in Australia, China, India, and South-East Asia. Traditionally, Glycosmis species are used in folk medicines to treat cancer, anaemia, rheumatism, fever, cough, liver-related problems, skin ailments, intestinal worm infections, wounds, and facial inflammation. This review aims to provide readers with the latest information highlighting chemical constituents isolated from the Glycosmis species, plant parts utilized for their isolation and their pharmacological activities. So far, 307 chemical constituents have been isolated and characterized from different species of the genus Glycosmis; among these constituents, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, and sulphur-containing amides are the major bioactive compounds. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the crude extracts and compounds isolated from this genus exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities like anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, larvicidal, insecticidal, hepatoprotective, wound healing, antiviral, antidiarrheal, and anxiolytic. The carbazole and acridone alkaloids from this genus have shown potential anticancer activity in various in vitro and in vivo studies. Rare scaffolds like dimeric carbazoles, dimeric acridone alkaloids, flavanocoumarins and sulphur-containing amides from this genus need further exploration for their potential bioactivity. This article also briefs about the toxicological screening and discusses various polyherbal and nano formulation aspects of Glycosmis species. Most of the pharmacological studies reported from this genus were carried out in vitro. An in-depth in vivo and toxicology evaluation of the crude extracts and isolated specialized compounds is required to explore the full therapeutic potential of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parusu Kavya Teja
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Prachi Patel
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Drashti Bhavsar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Chintakindi Bindusri
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Kishori Jadhav
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Siddheshwar K Chauthe
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India.
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Singh S, Kurmi A, Singh MK, Kashyap PK, Tandon S, Chauhan A, Padalia RC, Saikia D, Verma RS. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the leaf essential oil of Ravenia spectabilis Engl. ( Rutaceae). Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4439-4442. [PMID: 34570617 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1981312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ravenia spectabilis Engl. belongs to the family Rutaceae is known to possess several biologically active phytomolecules. This study was planned to investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the leaf essential oil of R. spectabilis. The hydrodistillation of fresh leaves of R. spectabilis gave 0.19 ± 0.02% essential oil. The resulting essential oil was analysed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Altogether, thirty-one constituents forming 97.6 ± 1.72% of the total oil composition were identified. Major components of the oil were sabinene (60.8 ± 0.36%), α-pinene (5.4 ± 0.30%), myrcene (4.8 ± 0.25%), δ-3-carene (4.7 ± 0.62%) and β-pinene (4.3 ± 0.17%). The in-vitro antimicrobial potential of the oil was examined against eight human pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. The essential oil showed significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, Candida albicans, and Candida kefyr. This is the first report on R. spectabilis leaf essential oil composition and its antimicrobial activity. The essential oil could be a promising natural source of sabinene and antimicrobial for developing new phytotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Alka Kurmi
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Munmun Kumar Singh
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Kashyap
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Sudeep Tandon
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Chauhan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre Pantnagar, PO Dairy Farm Nagla, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajendra Chandra Padalia
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre Pantnagar, PO Dairy Farm Nagla, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dharmendra Saikia
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, India
| | - Ram Swaroop Verma
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Reichelt N, Wen J, Pätzold C, Appelhans MS. Target enrichment improves phylogenetic resolution in the genus Zanthoxylum ( Rutaceae) and indicates both incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization events. Ann Bot 2021; 128:497-510. [PMID: 34250543 PMCID: PMC8414929 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Zanthoxylum is the only pantropical genus within Rutaceae, with a few species native to temperate eastern Asia and North America. Efforts using Sanger sequencing failed to resolve the backbone phylogeny of Zanthoxylum. In this study, we employed target-enrichment high-throughput sequencing to improve resolution. Gene trees were examined for concordance and sectional classifications of Zanthoxylum were evaluated. Off-target reads were investigated to identify putative single-copy markers for bait refinement, and low-copy markers for evidence of putative hybridization events. METHODS A custom bait set targeting 354 genes, with a median of 321 bp, was designed for Zanthoxylum and applied to 44 Zanthoxylum species and one Tetradium species as the outgroup. Illumina reads were processed via the HybPhyloMaker pipeline. Phylogenetic inferences were conducted using coalescent and maximum likelihood methods based on concatenated datasets. Concordance was assessed using quartet sampling. Additional phylogenetic analyses were performed on putative single and low-copy genes extracted from off-target reads. KEY RESULTS Four major clades are supported within Zanthoxylum: the African clade, the Z. asiaticum clade, the Asian-Pacific-Australian clade and the American-eastern Asian clade. While overall support has improved, regions of conflict are similar to those previously observed. Gene tree discordances indicate a hybridization event in the ancestor of the Hawaiian lineage, and incomplete lineage sorting in the American backbone. Off-target putative single-copy genes largely confirm on-target results, and putative low-copy genes provide additional evidence for hybridization in the Hawaiian lineage. Only two of the five sections of Zanthoxylum are resolved as monophyletic. CONCLUSIONS Target enrichment is suitable for assessing phylogenetic relationships in Zanthoxylum. Our phylogenetic analyses reveal that current sectional classifications need revision. Quartet tree concordance indicates several instances of reticulate evolution. Off-target reads are proven useful to identify additional phylogenetically informative regions for bait refinement or gene tree based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Reichelt
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspuele 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - Claudia Pätzold
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspuele 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
- Department Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marc S Appelhans
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspuele 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
- For correspondence. E-mail
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