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Shah SZ, Alvarez FG, Sanghavi DK, Moreno Franco P, Isha S, Marquez CP, Libertin C, Guru PK, Sareyyupoglu B, Pham SM. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Causing Infection of Transplanted Lung Allograft: A Pitfall of Prolonged Shedding of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Pretransplant. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2023; 7:93-98. [PMID: 36644594 PMCID: PMC9829600 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to considerable morbidity and mortality across the world. Lung transplant is a viable option for a few with COVID-19-related lung disease. Whom and when to transplant has been the major question impacting the transplant community given the novelty of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We describe a pitfall of presumed prolonged shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in a patient with COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome leading to COVID-19 pneumonia after lung transplant. This raises concerns that replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 virus can persist for months post-infection and can lead to re-infection of grafts in the future.
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Key Words
- BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage
- BSL-3, Biosafety level-3
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- CP, convalescent plasma
- CT, computed tomography
- LT, lung transplant
- NPS, nasopharyngeal swab
- RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- VV-ECMO, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Z. Shah
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL,Correspondence: Address to Sadia Z. Shah, Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | | | | | | | - Shahin Isha
- Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | - Claudia Libertin
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, and Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Pramod K. Guru
- Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | - Si M. Pham
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
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Swift CL, Isanovic M, Correa Velez KE, Norman RS. SARS-CoV-2 concentration in wastewater consistently predicts trends in COVID-19 case counts by at least two days across multiple WWTP scales. Environ Adv 2023; 11:100347. [PMID: 36718477 PMCID: PMC9876004 DOI: 10.1016/j.envadv.2023.100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 has proven instrumental in mitigating the spread of COVID-19 by providing an economical and equitable approach to disease surveillance. Here, we analyze the correlation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in influents of seven wastewater plants (WWTPs) across the state of South Carolina with corresponding daily case counts to determine whether underlying characteristics of WWTPs and sewershed populations predict stronger correlations. The populations served by these WWTPs have varying social vulnerability and represent 24% of the South Carolina population. The study spanned 15 months from April 19, 2020, to July 1, 2021, which includes the administration of the first COVID-19 vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations were measured by either reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) or droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR). Although populations served and average flow rate varied across WWTPs, the strongest correlation was identified for six of the seven WWTPs when daily case counts were lagged two days after the measured SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration in wastewater. The weakest correlation was found for WWTP 6, which had the lowest ratio of population served to average flow rate, indicating that the SARS-CoV-2 signal was too dilute for a robust correlation. Smoothing daily case counts by a 7-day moving average improved correlation strength between case counts and SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration in wastewater while dampening the effect of lag-time optimization. Correlation strength between cases and SARS-CoV-2 RNA was compared for cases determined at the ZIP-code and sewershed levels. The strength of correlations using ZIP-code-level versus sewershed-level cases were not statistically different across WWTPs. Results indicate that wastewater surveillance, even without normalization to fecal indicators, is a strong predictor of clinical cases by at least two days, especially when SARS-CoV-2 RNA is measured using RT-ddPCR. Furthermore, the ratio of population served to flow rate may be a useful metric to assess whether a WWTP is suitable for a surveillance program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice L Swift
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Suite 401, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Mirza Isanovic
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Suite 401, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Karlen E Correa Velez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Suite 401, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - R Sean Norman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Suite 401, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Li H, Komori A, Li M, Chen X, Yang AWH, Sun X, Liu Y, Hung A, Zhao X, Zhou L. Multi-ligand molecular docking, simulation, free energy calculations and wavelet analysis of the synergistic effects between natural compounds baicalein and cubebin for the inhibition of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. J Mol Liq 2023; 374:121253. [PMID: 36694691 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Combination drugs have been used for several diseases for many years since they produce better therapeutic effects. However, it is still a challenge to discover candidates to form a combination drug. This study aimed to investigate whether using a comprehensive in silico approach to identify novel combination drugs from a Chinese herbal formula is an appropriate and creative strategy. We, therefore, used Toujie Quwen Granules for the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 as an example. We first used molecular docking to identify molecular components of the formula which may inhibit Mpro. Baicalein (HQA004) is the most favorable inhibitory ligand. We also identified a ligand from the other component, cubebin (CHA008), which may act to support the proposed HQA004 inhibitor. Molecular dynamics simulations were then performed to further elucidate the possible mechanism of inhibition by HQA004 and synergistic bioactivity conferred by CHA008. HQA004 bound strongly at the active site and that CHA008 enhanced the contacts between HQA004 and Mpro. However, CHA008 also dynamically interacted at multiple sites, and continued to enhance the stability of HQA004 despite diffusion to a distant site. We proposed that HQA004 acted as a possible inhibitor, and CHA008 served to enhance its effects via allosteric effects at two sites. Additionally, our novel wavelet analysis showed that as a result of CHA008 binding, the dynamics and structure of Mpro were observed to have more subtle changes, demonstrating that the inter-residue contacts within Mpro were disrupted by the synergistic ligand. This work highlighted the molecular mechanism of synergistic effects between different herbs as a result of allosteric crosstalk between two ligands at a protein target, as well as revealed that using the multi-ligand molecular docking, simulation, free energy calculations and wavelet analysis to discover novel combination drugs from a Chinese herbal remedy is an innovative pathway.
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Key Words
- ADME/T, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019
- Combination drug therapy
- Computer simulation
- Computers molecular
- H-bonds, hydrogen bonds
- LD50, median lethal dose
- MD, molecular dynamics
- MM-PBSA, molecular mechanics Poisson Boltzmann surface area
- Mpro, main protease
- Natural products
- PAINS, Pan-assay interference compounds
- RCO, inter-residue contact order
- RMSF, root-mean-square-fluctuation
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SMILES, Simplified Molecular-input Line-entry System
- TCMSP, traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform
- TQG, Toujie Quwen Granule
- Virus diseases
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Zhang M, Zhang X, Pei J, Guo B, Zhang G, Li M, Huang L. Identification of phytochemical compounds of Fagopyrum dibotrys and their targets by metabolomics, network pharmacology and molecular docking studies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14029. [PMID: 36911881 PMCID: PMC9977108 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a clinically severe lung illness with high incidence rate and mortality. Especially, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a serious threat to world wide governmental fitness. It has distributed to almost from corner to corner of the universe, and the situation in the prevention and control of COVID-19 remains grave. Traditional Chinese medicine plays a vital role in the precaution and therapy of sicknesses. At present, there is a lack of drugs for treating these diseases, so it is necessary to develop drugs for treating COVID-19 related ALI. Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) Hara is an annual plant of the Polygonaceae family and one of the long-history used traditional medicine in China. In recent years, its rhizomes (medicinal parts) have attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad due to their significant anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancer activities. It can work on SARS-COV-2 with numerous components, targets, and pathways, and has a certain effect on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related acute lung injury (ALI). However, there are few systematic studies on its aerial parts (including stems and leaves) and its potential therapeutic mechanism has not been studied. The phytochemical constituents of rhizome of F. dibotrys were collected using TCMSP database. And metabolites of F. dibotrys' s aerial parts were detected by metabonomics. The phytochemical targets of F. dibotrys were predicted by the PharmMapper website tool. COVID-19 and ALI-related genes were retrieved from GeneCards. Cross targets and active phytochemicals of COVID-19 and ALI related genes in F. dibotrys were enriched by gene ontology (GO) and KEGG by metscape bioinformatics tools. The interplay network entre active phytochemicals and anti COVID-19 and ALI targets was established and broke down using Cytoscape software. Discovery Studio (version 2019) was used to perform molecular docking of crux active plant chemicals with anti COVID-19 and ALI targets. We identified 1136 chemicals from the aerial parts of F. dibotrys, among which 47 were active flavonoids and phenolic chemicals. A total of 61 chemicals were searched from the rhizome of F. dibotrys, and 15 of them were active chemicals. So there are 6 commonly key active chemicals at the aerial parts and the rhizome of F. dibotrys, 89 these phytochemicals's potential targets, and 211 COVID-19 and ALI related genes. GO enrichment bespoken that F. dibotrys might be involved in influencing gene targets contained numerous biological processes, for instance, negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation, regulation of DNA metabolic process, which could be put down to its anti COVID-19 associated ALI effects. KEGG pathway indicated that viral carcinogenesis, spliceosome, salmonella infection, coronavirus disease - COVID-19, legionellosis and human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection pathway are the primary pathways obsessed in the anti COVID-19 associated ALI effects of F. dibotrys. Molecular docking confirmed that the 6 critical active phytochemicals of F. dibotrys, such as luteolin, (+) -epicatechin, quercetin, isorhamnetin, (+) -catechin, and (-) -catechin gallate, can combine with kernel therapeutic targets NEDD8, SRPK1, DCUN1D1, and PARP1. In vitro activity experiments showed that the total antioxidant capacity of the aerial parts and rhizomes of F. dibotrys increased with the increase of concentration in a certain range. In addition, as a whole, the antioxidant capacity of the aerial part of F. dibotrys was stronger than that of the rhizome. Our research afford cues for farther exploration of the anti COVID-19 associated ALI chemical compositions and mechanisms of F. dibotrys and afford scientific foundation for progressing modern anti COVID-19 associated ALI drugs based on phytochemicals in F. dibotrys. We also fully developed the medicinal value of F. dibotrys' s aerial parts, which can effectively avoid the waste of resources. Meanwhile, our work provides a new strategy for integrating metabonomics, network pharmacology, and molecular docking techniques which was an efficient way for recognizing effective constituents and mechanisms valid to the pharmacologic actions of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Key Words
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- BC, BetweennessCentrality
- CC, ClosenessCentrality
- CHM, Chinese herbal medicines
- COVID-19 related ALI, Coronavirus disease 2019 related acute lung injury
- Coronavirus disease 2019 related acute lung injury
- DL, drug-like properties
- Fagopyrum dibotrys
- GO, Gene Ontology
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- LC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- Metabolomics
- Molecular docking
- NC, NeighborhoodConnectivity
- NSCLC, Non-small cell lung carcinoma
- Network pharmacology
- OB, oral bioavailability
- PARP-1, Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1
- PDB, Protein Data Bank database
- PPI network, protein-protein interaction network
- RMSD, Root mean square deviation
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TCMSP, traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform
- WTM, widely targeted metabolome
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- A Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010020, China
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Xinke Zhang
- A Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- A Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoshuai Zhang
- A Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Minhui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010020, China
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine, Hohhot, 010010, China
- Corresponding author. College of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China.
| | - Linfang Huang
- A Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
- Corresponding author.
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Nada KM, Polychronopoulou E, Sharma G, Duarte AG. Corticosteroids and Outcomes in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Infected With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2023; 7:99-108. [PMID: 36778134 PMCID: PMC9894766 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine outcomes in organ transplant and nontransplant patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during the initial 22 months of the pandemic. Patients and Methods We used Optum electronic health records to compare outcomes between an adult transplant group and a propensity-matched nontransplant group that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from February 1, 2020, to December 15, 2021. Baseline characteristics, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, inpatient, and 90-day mortality were compared between the transplant and nontransplant groups and among specific transplant recipients. Cox proportional analysis was used to examine hospitalization and mortality by organ transplant, medical therapy, sex, and the period of the pandemic. Results We identified 876,959 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, of whom 3548 were organ transplant recipients. The transplant recipients had a higher risk of hospitalization (30.6% vs 25%, respectively; P<.001), greater use of mechanical ventilation (7.8% vs 5.6%, respectively; P<.001), and increased inpatient mortality (6.7% vs 4.7%, respectively; P<.001) compared with the nontransplant patients. The initiation of mechanical ventilation was significantly more frequent in the transplant group. After adjustment for baseline characteristics and comorbidities, the transplant group had a higher risk of hospitalization (odds ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-1.59), without a difference in mortality. In the transplant group, lung transplant recipients had the highest inpatient mortality (11.6%). Conclusion Among patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the transplant recipients were at a higher risk of hospitalization and inpatient mortality; however, mortality was mainly driven by advanced age and comorbidities rather than by transplant status or immunosuppressive medications. Lung transplant recipients had the greatest inpatient and 90-day mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M. Nada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical care, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | | | - Gulshan Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical care, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Alexander G. Duarte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical care, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX,Correspondence: Address to Alexander Duarte, MD, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Boulevard, 5.140 John Sealy Annex, Galveston, TX 77555-0561.
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Zhu J, Wilding JP, Hu J. Adipocytes in obesity: A perfect reservoir for SARS-CoV-2? Med Hypotheses 2023; 171:111020. [PMID: 36742015 PMCID: PMC9889082 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Research evidence suggests that adipocytes in obesity might facilitate SARS-CoV-2 replication, for it was only found in adipose tissue of individuals with overweight or obesity but not lean individuals who died from COVID-19. As lipid metabolism is key to adipocyte function, and viruses are capable of exploiting and manipulating lipid metabolism of host cells for their own benefit of infection, we hypothesize that adipocytes could not only impair host immune defense against viral infection, but also facilitate SARS-CoV-2 entry, replication and assembly as a reservoir to boost the viral infection in obesity. The latter of which could mainly be mediated by SARS-CoV-2 hijacking the abnormal lipid metabolism in the adipocytes. If these were to be confirmed, an approach to combat COVID-19 in people with obesity by taking advantage of the abnormal lipid metabolism in adipocytes might be considered, as well as modifying lipid metabolism of other host cells as a potential adjunctive treatment for COVID-19.
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Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Adipocyte
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ERGIC, ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment
- FFAs, free fatty acids
- LDs, lipid droplets
- Lipid metabolism
- Obesity
- S protein, spike protein
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- TAGs, triacylglycerols
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Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John P.H. Wilding
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China,Corresponding author
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Chen YL, Chen CY, Lai KH, Chang YC, Hwang TL. Anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities of flavone C-glycosides of Lophatherum gracile for COVID-19. J Funct Foods 2023; 101:105407. [PMID: 36627926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lophatherum gracile (L. gracile) has long been used as a functional food and herbal medicine. Previous studies have demonstrated that extracts of L. gracile attenuate inflammatory response and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication; however, the underlying active constituents have yet to be identified. This study investigated the bioactive components of L. gracile. Flavone C-glycosides of L. gracile were found to dominate both anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. A simple chromatography-based method was developed to obtain flavone C-glycoside-enriched extract (FlavoLG) from L. gracile. FlavoLG and its major flavone C-glycoside isoorientin were shown to restrict respiratory bursts and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in activated human neutrophils. FlavoLG and isoorientin were also shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection by interfering with the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike on ACE2. These results provide scientific evidence indicating the efficacy of L. gracile as a potential supplement for treating neutrophil-associated COVID-19.
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Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- CB, cytochalasin B
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- Flavone C-glycosides
- HBSS, Hank’s balanced salt solution
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IC50, half-maximal inhibitory concentration
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- LG, Lophatherum gracile
- Lophatherum gracile
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- NETs, neutrophil extracellular traps
- Neutrophils
- O2•−, superoxide
- RBD, receptor-binding domain
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- UPLC, ultra-performance liquid chromatography
- fMLF, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine
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Johnson PW, Kunze KL, Senefeld JW, Sinclair JE, Isha S, Satashia PH, Bhakta S, Cowart JB, Bosch W, O'Horo J, Shah SZ, Wadei HM, Edwards MA, Pollock BD, Edwards AJ, Scheitel-Tulledge S, Clune CG, Hanson SN, Arndt R, Heyliger A, Kudrna C, Bierle DM, Buckmeier JR, Seville MTA, Orenstein R, Libertin C, Ganesh R, Franco PM, Razonable RR, Carter RE, Sanghavi DK, Speicher LL. Association of Neutralizing Antispike Monoclonal Antibody Treatment With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalization and Assessment of the Monoclonal Antibody Screening Score. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2023; 7:109-21. [PMID: 36644593 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To test the hypothesis that the Monoclonal Antibody Screening Score performs consistently better in identifying the need for monoclonal antibody infusion throughout each "wave" of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant predominance during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and that the infusion of contemporary monoclonal antibody treatments is associated with a lower risk of hospitalization. Patients and Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the efficacy of monoclonal antibody treatment compared with that of no monoclonal antibody treatment in symptomatic adults who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 regardless of their risk factors for disease progression or vaccination status during different periods of SARS-CoV-2 variant predominance. The primary outcome was hospitalization within 28 days after COVID-19 diagnosis. The study was conducted on patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 from November 19, 2020, through May 12, 2022. Results Of the included 118,936 eligible patients, hospitalization within 28 days of COVID-19 diagnosis occurred in 2.52% (456/18,090) of patients who received monoclonal antibody treatment and 6.98% (7,037/100,846) of patients who did not. Treatment with monoclonal antibody therapies was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization when using stratified data analytics, propensity scoring, and regression and machine learning models with and without adjustments for putative confounding variables, such as advanced age and coexisting medical conditions (eg, relative risk, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.14-0.17). Conclusion Among patients with mild to moderate COVID-19, including those who have been vaccinated, monoclonal antibody treatment was associated with a lower risk of hospital admission during each wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Negishi N, Yamano R, Hori T, Koura S, Maekawa Y, Sato T. Development of a high-speed bioaerosol elimination system for treatment of indoor air. Build Environ 2023; 227:109800. [PMID: 36407015 PMCID: PMC9651995 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We developed a high-speed filterless airflow multistage photocatalytic elbow aerosol removal system for the treatment of bioaerosols such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Human-generated bioaerosols that diffuse into indoor spaces are 1-10 μm in size, and their selective and rapid treatment can reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A high-speed airflow is necessary to treat large volumes of indoor air over a short period. The proposed system can be used to eliminate viruses in aerosols by forcibly depositing aerosols in a high-speed airflow onto a photocatalyst placed inside the system through inertial force and turbulent diffusion. Because the main component of the deposited bioaerosol is water, it evaporates after colliding with the photocatalyst, and the nonvolatile virus remains on the photocatalytic channel wall. The residual virus on the photocatalytic channel wall is mineralized via photocatalytic oxidation with UVA-LED irradiation in the channel. When this system was operated in a 4.5 m3 aerosol chamber, over 99.8% aerosols in the size range of 1-10 μm were removed within 15 min. The system continued delivering such performance with the continuous introduction of aerosols. Because this system exhibits excellent aerosol removal ability at a flow velocity of 5 m/s or higher, it is more suitable than other reactive air purification systems for treating large-volume spaces.
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Key Words
- AOP, advanced oxidation process
- Bioaerosol
- CFD, computational fluid dynamics
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- DES, detached eddy simulation
- HEPA, high-efficiency particulate absorbing
- ISO, International Standard Organization
- Indoor air
- LES, Large eddy simulation
- RANS, Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SCDLP, soya casein-digested lecithin polysorbate
- TiO2 photocatalyst
- UV, ultraviolet
- UVA, ultraviolet-A
- UVC, ultraviolet-C
- Windspeed
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Negishi
- Environment Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-16 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, 275-0016, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hori
- Environment Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-16 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Setsuko Koura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, 275-0016, Japan
| | - Yuji Maekawa
- Kamaishi Electric Machinery Factory Co. Ltd., 9-171-4 Kasshi-cho, Kamaishi, 026-0055, Japan
| | - Taro Sato
- Kamaishi Electric Machinery Factory Co. Ltd., 9-171-4 Kasshi-cho, Kamaishi, 026-0055, Japan
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10
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Villavicencio C, Daniel X, Ferré C, Cartanyá M, Pobo Á, Oliva I, Roure M, Leache J, Bodí M. Myocardial injury as a prognostic factor in critically ill patients with severe SARS-Cov-2 pneumonia. Med Intensiva 2023; 47:48-51. [PMID: 35719906 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Amiot A, Bourrier A, Gornet JM, Dewit O, Nancey S, Altwegg R, Abitbol V, Laharie D, Reenaers C, Gagnière C, Buisson A, Nachury M, Viennot S, Vuitton L, Stefanescu C, Marteau P, Bouguen G, Seksik P. Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers with inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study. Infect Prev Pract 2022; 5:100267. [PMID: 36601289 PMCID: PMC9800326 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2022.100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Whether healthcare workers with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) due to occupational exposure is unknown. Aim To assess the risk of COVID-19 in healthcare workers with IBD. Methods A case control study enrolled 326 healthcare workers with IBD from 17 GETAID centres and matched non-healthcare workers with IBD controls (1:1) for gender, age, disease subtype and year of diagnosis. The study period was year 2020 during the COVID-19 outbreak. Results In total, 59 COVID-19 were recorded among cases (n = 32) and controls (n = 27), including 2 severe COVID-19 (requiring hospitalization, mechanic ventilation) but no death. No difference was observed between healthcare workers and controls regarding the overall incidence rates of COVID-19 4.9 ± 2.2 vs. 3.8 ± 1.9 per 100 patient-semesters, P = 0.34) and the overall incidence rates of severe COVID-19 (0.6 ± 7.8 vs. 0.3 ± 5.5 per 100 patient-semesters, P = 0.42). In multivariate analysis in the entire study population, COVID-19 was associated with patients with body mass index > 30 kg/m2 (HR = 2.48, 95%CI [1.13-5.44], P = 0.02). Conclusion Healthcare workers with IBD do not have an increased risk of COVID-19 compared with other patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelien Amiot
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bicêtre Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Est Creteil University, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France,Corresponding author. 78 Rue du Général Leclerc, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre F-94270 – France.
| | - Anne Bourrier
- Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Unit, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM 75012, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Gornet
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Louis University Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dewit
- Department of HepatoGastroenterology, Catholic University of Leuven, University Hospital of Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephane Nancey
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Pierre-Benite, France
| | - Romain Altwegg
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Vered Abitbol
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cochin University Hospital, University Paris 5 Descartes, Paris, France
| | - David Laharie
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Reenaers
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Gagnière
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Anthony Buisson
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, University Hospital Estaing of Clermont-Ferrand, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maria Nachury
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huriez University Hospital, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Stephanie Viennot
- Department of Gastroenterology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Lucine Vuitton
- Department of Gastroenterology, Caen University Hospital, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Carmen Stefanescu
- Department of Gastroenterology, IBD and Nutrition Support, Beaujon Hospital, University Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Clichy, France
| | | | - Guillaume Bouguen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pontchaillou Hospital and Rennes University, Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Seksik
- Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology Unit, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM 75012, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
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12
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Qutob HMH, Saad RA, Bali H, Osailan A, Jaber J, Alzahrani E, Alyami J, Elsayed H, Alserihi R, Shaikhomar OA. Impact of dexamethasone and tocilizumab on hematological parameters in COVID-19 patients with chronic disease. Med Clin (Engl Ed) 2022; 159:569-574. [PMID: 36536624 PMCID: PMC9752094 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcle.2022.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The most effective way to control severity and mortality rate of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is through sensitive diagnostic approaches and an appropriate treatment protocol. We aimed to identify the effect of adding corticosteroid and Tocilizumab to a standard treatment protocol in treating COVID-19 patients with chronic disease through hematological and lab biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was performed retrospectively on 68 COVID-19 patients with chronic disease who were treated by different therapeutic protocols. The patients were categorized into four groups: control group represented the patients' lab results at admission before treatment protocols were applied; group 1 included patients treated with anticoagulants, Hydroxychloroquine, and antibiotics; group 2 comprised patients treated with Dexamethasone; and group 3 included patients treated with Dexamethasone and Tocilizumab. RESULTS The WBC and neutrophil counts were increased significantly in group 3 upon the treatment when they were compared with patients in group 1 (p = 0.004 and p = 0.001, respectively). The comparison of C-reactive Protein (CRP) level at admission was higher in group 3 than in group 1 with p = 0.030. After 10 days of treatment, CRP level was decreased in all groups, but in group 3 it was statistically significant (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION The study paves the way into the effectiveness of combining Dexamethasone with Tocilizumab in treatment COVID-19 patients with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham M H Qutob
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 25732, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramadan A Saad
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ainshams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamza Bali
- Internal Medicine Department, Dr Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Osailan
- Internal Medicine Department, Dr Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumana Jaber
- Internal Medicine Department, Dr Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Alzahrani
- Internal Medicine Department, Dr Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamilah Alyami
- Internal Medicine Department, Dr Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Elsayed
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Raed Alserihi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- 3D Bioprinting Unit, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Shaikhomar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Tobita M, Fanchiang SP, Saldivar A, Taylor S, Jordan B. Complex Hallucinations in Hospitalized Rehabilitation Patients With COVID-19. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2022; 4:100234. [PMID: 36277732 PMCID: PMC9574548 DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2022.100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the characteristics of hallucinations in hospitalized rehabilitation patients with COVID-19. Design Retrospective review using medical records of patients with COVID-19 and admitted to the acute inpatient rehabilitation unit (ARU). Setting A public hospital in southern California, specializing in rehabilitation medicine. Participants: Patients with COVID-19 and hallucinations who were consecutively admitted from January 1st to April 30th, 2021. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Types and themes of hallucinations. Results Eight of the 37 patients (21.6%) admitted to the ARU with COVID-19 exhibited hallucinations. All were Hispanic and 7 of them were men; their average age was 56.5 (range: 38-71). Seven patients had COVID-19 pneumonia and 1 developed respiratory distress secondary to Guillain-Barre Syndrome. One patient had posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. The average length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) was 31.3 days (range: 8-48). Most of the hallucinations occurred during their ICU stay and 2 continued to their ARU stay. All recalled details of hallucinations with 7 exhibiting visual hallucinations, consistent with peduncular hallucinosis with or without auditory and/or tactile components. One patient experienced tactile hallucinations. The themes of hallucinations identified to reflect the contents of the hallucinations were patients' comfort-seeking, fearfulness, and seeing deceased family members. All patients had impaired cognition at the ARU admission but improved at discharge. Four patients had depressed mood/anxiety and 1 had depressed mood alone but without a history of psychiatric illness. ICU delirium was documented in 5 patients. The negative experience of hallucinations seemed to affect their participation of the ARU stay. Conclusions More than 20% of patients with COVID-19 who were transferred to attend inpatient rehabilitation exhibited hallucinations. It remains uncertain if these hallucinations were related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation team should be aware to support patients with COVID-19 who experience hallucinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Tobita
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Department of Health Services, County of Los Angeles, Downey, CA,Rancho Research Institute, Downey, CA,Corresponding author Mari Tobita, MD, 7601 E Imperial Highway, Downey, CA 90242
| | - Shan-Pin Fanchiang
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Department of Health Services, County of Los Angeles, Downey, CA,Rancho Research Institute, Downey, CA,Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aida Saldivar
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Department of Health Services, County of Los Angeles, Downey, CA
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Department of Health Services, County of Los Angeles, Downey, CA
| | - Barry Jordan
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Department of Health Services, County of Los Angeles, Downey, CA,Rancho Research Institute, Downey, CA,Department of Neurology, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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14
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Molino S, Pisarevsky A, Badu S, Wu Q, Mingorance FL, Vega P, Stefanolo JP, Repetti J, Ludueña G, Pepa P, Olmos JI, Fermepin MR, Uehara T, Viciani E, Castagnetti A, Savidge T, Piskorz MM. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of oral tannin supplementation on COVID-19 symptoms, gut dysbiosis and cytokine response. J Funct Foods 2022; 99:105356. [PMID: 36467850 PMCID: PMC9708634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical study aim was to investigate whether a tannin-based dietary supplementation could improve the efficacy of standard-of-care treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients by restoring gut microbiota function. Adverse events and immunomodulation post-tannin supplementation were also investigated. A total of 124 patients receiving standard-of-care treatment were randomized to oral tannin-based supplement or placebo for a total of 14 days. Longitudinal blood and stool samples were collected for cytokine and 16S rDNA microbiome profiling, and results were compared with 53 healthy controls. Although oral tannin supplementation did not result in clinical improvement or significant gut microbiome shifts after 14-days, a reduction in the inflammatory state was evident and significantly correlated with microbiota modulation. Among cytokines measured, MIP-1α was significantly decreased with tannin treatment (p = 0.03) where it correlated positively with IL-1β and TNF- α, and negatively with stool Bifidobacterium abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Molino
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Andrea Pisarevsky
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Shyam Badu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qinglong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fabiana López Mingorance
- Universidad de Buenos Aires/ IBIMOL, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Programa de Estudios Pancreáticos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Vega
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Stefanolo
- Hospital de Gastroenterología Dr Carlos Bonorino Udaondo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Repetti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires/ IBIMOL, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Programa de Estudios Pancreáticos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermina Ludueña
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Pepa
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Servicio de Gastroenterología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Ignacio Olmos
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Servicio de Gastroenterología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Rodriguez Fermepin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tatiana Uehara
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Sector Neurogastroenterología del Servicio de Gastroenterología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Tor Savidge
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - María Marta Piskorz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Sector Neurogastroenterología del Servicio de Gastroenterología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Wada N, Li Y, Hino T, Gagne S, Valtchinov VI, Gay E, Nishino M, Madore B, Guttmann CRG, Bond S, Ishigami K, Hunninghake GM, Levy BD, Kaye KM, Christiani DC, Hatabu H. COVID-19 Vaccination reduced pneumonia severity. Eur J Radiol Open 2022; 9:100456. [PMID: 36386765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2022.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of vaccinations and boosters on the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia on CT scans during the period of Delta and Omicron variants. Methods Retrospectively studied were 303 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between July 2021 and February 2022, who had obtained at least one CT scan within 6 weeks around the COVID-19 diagnosis (-2 to +4 weeks). The severity of pneumonia was evaluated with a 6-point scale Pneumonia Score. The association between demographic and clinical data and vaccination status (booster/additional vaccination, complete vaccination and un-vaccination) and the difference between Pneumonia Scores by vaccination status were investigated. Results Of 303 patients (59.4 ± 16.3 years; 178 females), 62 (20 %) were in the booster/additional vaccination group, 117 (39 %) in the complete vaccination group, and 124 (41 %) in the unvaccinated group. Interobserver agreement of the Pneumonia Score was high (weighted kappa score = 0.875). Patients in the booster/additionally vaccinated group tended to be older (P = 0.0085) and have more underlying comorbidities (P < 0.0001), and the Pneumonia Scores were lower in the booster/additionally vaccinated [median 2 (IQR 0-4)] and completely vaccinated groups [median 3 (IQR 1-4)] than those in the unvaccinated group [median 4 (IQR 2-4)], respectively (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). A multivariable linear analysis adjusted for confounding factors confirmed the difference. Conclusion Vaccinated patients, with or without booster/additional vaccination, had milder COVID-19 pneumonia on CT scans than unvaccinated patients during the period of Delta and Omicron variants. This study supports the efficacy of the vaccine against COVID-19 from a radiological perspective.
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16
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Roncati L, Manenti A. Apropos of menstrual changes and abnormal uterine bleeding after COVID-19 vaccination. Brain Hemorrhages 2022; 4:S2589-238X(22)00080-8. [PMID: 36406341 PMCID: PMC9642033 DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It is news of 28 October 2022 that the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee of the European Medicines Agency has recommended to add heavy menstrual bleeding among the side effects of unknown frequency inside the package insert of nucleoside-modified messenger ribonucleic acid vaccines to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The decision has been made in the light of the numerous reports of unexpected menstrual changes or abnormal uterine bleeding following COVID-19 vaccination. Here we advance a possible involvement of the particular adenohypophyseal microcirculation in these strange and still unexplained events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Roncati
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplantation, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Manenti
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplantation, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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17
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Carrondo MC, Moita JJ. Clinical profile of patients with type 2 diabetes after COVID-19 vaccination: A prospective study. Obes Med 2022; 35:100458. [PMID: 36268222 PMCID: PMC9561417 DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2022.100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical profile of patients with type 2 diabetes after COVID-19 vaccination. This prospective study has involved 100 adult diabetic patients followed in the primary health care. SARS-CoV-2 infection after COVID-19 vaccination was the outcome indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Carrondo
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra College of Health Technology of Coimbra, Department Medical, Social, and Human Sciences, Portugal
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18
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Azeez MA, Hamza AH, Kalathingal MA, Karim SA, Anodiyil MS, Abdulmajeed J, Krishnan JI, Veettil ST. Cardiovascular Risks and Outcome in COVID-19 Positive Patients With Cardiovascular Disease Attending Primary Health Care Corporation in Qatar: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2022; 6:420-427. [PMID: 35966030 PMCID: PMC9359500 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are at a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. This study describes the risks and outcome in COVID-19 patients with CVD attending Primary Health Care Corporationsettings in Qatar. Objective To report whether CVD increases the risk for hospitalization and further complications in COVID-19 patients. Methods Retrospective cohort study. Results A total of 10,178 CVD patients' data who tested positive for COVID-19 were extracted from electronic medical records on the basis of inclusion criteria and analyzed during the period of February 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 (11 months). Among the patients included in the study, 64% (n=6527) were men and 36% (n=3651) were women; 23% (n=2299) were Qataris and 77% (n=7879) were non-Qataris. Among the selected age group of greater than 25 to less than 75 years, the median age was 50.83 years. More than half of the patients had diabetes (69.6%; n=7086) followed by hypertension (68.4%; n=6965) and dyslipidemia (45.1%; n=4590). Other comorbidities were obesity (18.3%; n=1862), kidney disease (6.5%; n=659), hematologic problems (4.2%; n=425), liver disorders (1.4%; n=142), rheumatic heart disease (1.3%; n=131) and neurologic symptoms (1.3%; n=128). Multivariate analysis for factors associated with inpatient admissions in last 28 days for patients with CVD reported that patients with age greater than 70 years are 2.8 (1.86-4.18) times higher risk of hospital admission as compared with the patients 25-30 years of age. Conclusion The pre-existing CVD with age and other comorbidities predict the risk for hospitalization and further complications in patients with COVID-19. Further studies are needed to investigate the data from primary and secondary care about the long-term cardiovascular outcomes of patients who have survived COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jazeel Abdulmajeed
- Business & Health Intelligence Department, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Jia LL, Zhao JX, Pan NN, Shi LY, Zhao LP, Tian JH, Huang G. Artificial intelligence model on chest imaging to diagnose COVID-19 and other pneumonias: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol Open 2022; 9:100438. [PMID: 35996746 PMCID: PMC9385733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2022.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives When diagnosing Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19), radiologists cannot make an accurate judgments because the image characteristics of COVID‐19 and other pneumonia are similar. As machine learning advances, artificial intelligence(AI) models show promise in diagnosing COVID-19 and other pneumonias. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy and methodological quality of the models. Methods We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase, preprints from medRxiv and bioRxiv to locate studies published before December 2021, with no language restrictions. And a quality assessment (QUADAS-2), Radiomics Quality Score (RQS) tools and CLAIM checklist were used to assess the quality of each study. We used random-effects models to calculate pooled sensitivity and specificity, I2 values to assess heterogeneity, and Deeks' test to assess publication bias. Results We screened 32 studies from the 2001 retrieved articles for inclusion in the meta-analysis. We included 6737 participants in the test or validation group. The meta-analysis revealed that AI models based on chest imaging distinguishes COVID-19 from other pneumonias: pooled area under the curve (AUC) 0.96 (95 % CI, 0.94–0.98), sensitivity 0.92 (95 % CI, 0.88–0.94), pooled specificity 0.91 (95 % CI, 0.87–0.93). The average RQS score of 13 studies using radiomics was 7.8, accounting for 22 % of the total score. The 19 studies using deep learning methods had an average CLAIM score of 20, slightly less than half (48.24 %) the ideal score of 42.00. Conclusions The AI model for chest imaging could well diagnose COVID-19 and other pneumonias. However, it has not been implemented as a clinical decision-making tool. Future researchers should pay more attention to the quality of research methodology and further improve the generalizability of the developed predictive models.
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Key Words
- 2D, two-dimensional
- 3D, three-dimensional
- AI, artificial intelligence
- AUC, area under the curve
- Artificial Intelligence
- CNN, Convolutional neural network
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CT, Computed tomography
- CXR, Chest X-Ray
- Diagnostic Imaging
- GGO, ground-glass opacities
- KNN, K-nearest neighbor
- LASSO, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator
- MEERS-COV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- ML, machine learning
- Machine learning
- PLR, negative likelihood ratio
- PLR, positive likelihood ratio
- Pneumonia
- ROI, regions of interest
- RT-PCR, Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SROC, summary receiver operating characteristic
- SVM, Support vector machine
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Jia
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 73000, China
| | - Jian-Xin Zhao
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 73000, China
| | - Ni-Ni Pan
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 73000, China
| | - Liu-Yan Shi
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 73000, China
| | - Lian-Ping Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jin-Hui Tian
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Radiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Corresponding author.
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20
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Shah SC, Canakis A, Halvorson AE, Dorn C, Wilson O, Denton J, Hauger R, Hunt C, Suzuki A, Matheny ME, Siew E, Hung A, Greevy RA, Roumie CL. Associations Between Gastrointestinal Symptoms and COVID-19 Severity Outcomes Based on a Propensity Score-Weighted Analysis of a Nationwide Cohort. Gastro Hep Adv 2022; 1:977-984. [PMID: 35966642 PMCID: PMC9357443 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are well-recognized manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our primary objective was to evaluate the association between GI symptoms and COVID-19 severity. Methods In this nationwide cohort of US veterans, we evaluated GI symptoms (nausea/vomiting/diarrhea) reported 30 days before and including the date of positive SARS-CoV-2 testing (March 1, 2020, to February 20, 2021). All patients had ≥1 year of prior baseline data and ≥60 days follow-up relative to the test date. We used propensity score (PS)-weighting to balance covariates in patients with vs without GI symptoms. The primary composite outcome was severe COVID-19, defined as hospital admission, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, or death within 60 days of positive testing. Results Of 218,045 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, 29,257 (13.4%) had GI symptoms. After PS weighting, all covariates were balanced. In the PS-weighted cohort, patients with vs without GI symptoms had severe COVID-19 more often (29.0% vs 17.1%; P < .001). When restricted to hospitalized patients (14.9%; n=32,430), patients with GI symptoms had similar frequencies of intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation compared with patients without symptoms. There was a significant age interaction; among hospitalized patients aged ≥70 years, lower COVID-19-associated mortality was observed in patients with vs without GI symptoms, even after accounting for COVID-19-specific medical treatments. Conclusion In the largest integrated US health care system, SARS-CoV-2-positive patients with GI symptoms experienced severe COVID-19 outcomes more often than those without symptoms. Additional research on COVID-19-associated GI symptoms may inform preventive efforts and interventions to reduce severe COVID-19.
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Key Words
- BMI, body mass index
- CDW, Corporate Data Warehouse
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- Epidemiology
- GI, gastrointestinal
- ICD, International Classification of Diseases
- ICU, intensive care unit
- Infectious diseases
- OMOP, Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership
- OR, odds ratios
- Outcomes
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PS, propensity score
- RAASi, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SD, standard deviation
- SDR, Shared Data Resource
- SMD, standardized mean differences
- VHA, Veterans Health Administration
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja C Shah
- Gastroenterology Section, VA San Diego, San Diego, California
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Andrew Canakis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alese E Halvorson
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chad Dorn
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Otis Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jason Denton
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard Hauger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, California
| | - Christine Hunt
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Gastroenterology Section, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Gastroenterology Section, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael E Matheny
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Health Services Research and Development, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Edward Siew
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Health Services Research and Development, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Adriana Hung
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Health Services Research and Development, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Robert A Greevy
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Clinical Services Research and Development, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christianne L Roumie
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Clinical Services Research and Development, Nashville, Tennessee
- VA Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, Tennessee
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21
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Ganesh R, Vanichkachorn GS, Munipalli B, Hanson SN, Abu Dabrh AM, Croghan IT, Dawson NL, Hurt RT. Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Lessons Learned From a Coordinated Health System Response. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2022; 6:311-319. [PMID: 35669936 PMCID: PMC9156955 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To outline a consensus-designed process for triaging and managing patients with post-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) syndrome at Mayo Clinic. Patients and Methods We convened a central multidisciplinary team including members from the departments of general internal medicine, occupational medicine, physical medicine and rehabilitation, psychology, allergy and immunology, infectious disease, pulmonology, neurology, cardiology, and pediatrics and otorhinolaryngology with membership from all Mayo Clinic sites in Arizona, Florida, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Results Consensus recommendations were made for the best practice guidelines on triaging and managing patients. Several innovations were agreed upon, including a postacute sequelae of COVID-19-specific appointment request form for data collection, a bioregistry, a biorepository, and a postacute sequelae of COVID-19-specific treatment program. Conclusion Given that each clinical site had individual clinical practices, these recommendations were implemented using different models, which may provide broad applicability to other clinical settings.
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Key Words
- ARF, appointment request form
- CARP, Coronavirus Disease 2019 Activity Rehabilitation Program
- CFS, chronic fatigue syndrome
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- FMS, fibromyalgia
- GIM, general internal medicine
- MC, Mayo Clinic
- MCA, Mayo Clinic Arizona
- MCF, Mayo Clinic Florida
- MCHS, Mayo Clinic Health System
- MCR, Mayo Clinic Rochester
- NIH, National Institutes of Health
- PASC, postacute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019
- PCOCC, post-COVID-19 care clinic
- POTS, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
- PoCOS, post-COVID-19 syndrome
- Prev Med, Preventative Medicine
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Ganesh
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Bala Munipalli
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | | | - Ivana T Croghan
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Nancy L Dawson
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Ryan T Hurt
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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22
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Kojima N, Roshani A, Klausner J. Duration of COVID-19 PCR positivity for Omicron vs earlier variants. J Clin Virol Plus 2022; 2:100085. [PMID: 35615055 PMCID: PMC9123744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been reports that the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is milder and may resolve more quickly than earlier variants of SARS-CoV-2, like the Delta variant. Due to a dearth of studies on duration of PCR positivity for the Omicron variant, we studied this question in a cohort of routinely tested employees that work in a large laboratory. We found that there was no difference in duration of PCR positivity among those infected with the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 versus earlier variants of SARS-CoV-2. That suggests in a clinical study that the increased infectiousness of Omicron might likely be due to factors related to viral and host cell interactions, rather than viral load or duration of infectivity, which has been suggested in immune escape studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Kojima
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, United States,Corresponding author at: Department of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - A. Roshani
- Curative Inc., San Dimas, CA, United States
| | - J.D. Klausner
- Departments of Medicine and Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033, United States
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23
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Maltezou HC, Dounias G, Rapisarda V, Ledda C. Vaccination policies for healthcare personnel: Current challenges and future perspectives. Vaccine X 2022; 11:100172. [PMID: 35719325 PMCID: PMC9190304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare personnel (HCP) are at occupational risk for acquisition of several vaccine-preventable diseases and transmission to patients. Vaccinations of HCP are justified to confer them immunity but also to protect susceptible patients and healthcare services from outbreaks, HCP absenteeism and presenteeism. Mandatory vaccination policies for HCP are increasingly adopted and achieve high and sustainable vaccination rates in short term. In this article we review the scientific evidence for HCP vaccination. We also address issues pertaining to vaccination policies for HCP and present the challenges of implementation of mandatory versus voluntary vaccination policies. Finally, we discuss the issue of mandatory vaccination of HCP against COVID-19.
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Key Words
- CI, confidence interval
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- HCP, healthcare personnel
- Healthcare personnel
- ICU, intensive care unit
- ILI, influenza-like illness
- Immunization
- MMR, measles-mumps-rubella
- Mandatory
- NICU, neonatal intensive care unit
- Occupational
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- Policies
- RR, relative risk
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- US, United States
- VE, vaccine effectiveness
- VPD, vaccine-preventable disease
- Vaccination
- Vaccine-preventable diseases
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena C Maltezou
- Directorate of Research, Studies and Documentation, National Public Health Organization, Athens 15123, Greece
| | - George Dounias
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Caterina Ledda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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24
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Wang Y, Xue T, Wang M, Ledesma-Amaro R, Lu Y, Hu X, Zhang T, Yang M, Li Y, Xiang J, Deng R, Ying B, Li W. CRISPR-Cas13a cascade-based viral RNA assay for detecting SARS-CoV-2 and its mutations in clinical samples. Sens Actuators B Chem 2022; 362:131765. [PMID: 35370361 PMCID: PMC8957482 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2022.131765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is one of the greatest threats to global human health. Point-of-care diagnostic tools for SARS-CoV-2 could facilitate rapid therapeutic intervention and mitigate transmission. In this work, we report CRISPR-Cas13a cascade-based viral RNA (Cas13C) assay for label-free and isothermal determination of SARS-CoV-2 and its mutations in clinical samples. Cas13a/crRNA was utilized to directly recognize the target of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and the recognition events sequentially initiate the transcription amplification to produce light-up RNA aptamers for output fluorescence signal. The recognition of viral RNA via Cas13a-guide RNA ensures a high specificity to distinguish SARS-CoV-2 from MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, as well as viral mutations. A post transcription amplification strategy was triggered after CRISPR-Cas13a recognition contributes to an amplification cascade that achieves high sensitivity for detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA, with a limit of detection of 0.216 fM. In addition, the Cas13C assay could be able to discriminate single-nucleotide mutation, which was proven with N501Y in SARS-Cov-2 variant. This method was validated by a 100% agreement with RT-qPCR results from 12 clinical throat swab specimens. The Cas13C assay has the potential to be used as a routine nucleic acid test of SARS-CoV-2 virus in resource-limited regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and development laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minjin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ying Lu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Targeted Tracer Research and development laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yalun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Xiang
- Targeted Tracer Research and development laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruijie Deng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and development laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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25
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Cherne MD, Gentry AB, Nemudraia A, Nemudryi A, Hedges JF, Walk H, Blackwell K, Snyder DT, Jerome M, Madden W, Hashimi M, Sebrell TA, King DB, Plowright RK, Jutila MA, Wiedenheft B, Bimczok D. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Is Detected in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Asymptomatic Endoscopy Patients but Is Unlikely to Pose a Significant Risk to Healthcare Personnel. Gastro Hep Adv 2022; 1:844-852. [PMID: 35765598 PMCID: PMC9225937 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims Recent evidence suggests that the gut is an additional target for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 spreads via gastrointestinal secretions remains unclear. To determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic subjects, we analyzed gastrointestinal biopsy and liquid samples from endoscopy patients for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. Methods We enrolled 100 endoscopic patients without known SARS-CoV-2 infection (cohort A) and 12 patients with a previous COVID-19 diagnosis (cohort B) in a cohort study performed at a regional hospital. Gastrointestinal biopsies and fluids were screened for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and virus isolation assay, and the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in gastrointestinal liquids in vitro was analyzed. Results SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid was detected by PCR in the colonic tissue of 1/100 patients in cohort A. In cohort B, 3 colonic liquid samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR and viral nucleocapsid protein was detected in the epithelium of the respective biopsy samples. However, no infectious virions were recovered from any samples. In vitro exposure of SARS-CoV-2 to colonic liquid led to a 4-log-fold reduction of infectious SARS-CoV-2 within 1 hour (P ≤ .05). Conclusion Overall, the persistent detection of SARS-CoV-2 in endoscopy samples after resolution of COVID-19 points to the gut as a long-term reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. Since no infectious virions were recovered and SARS-CoV-2 was rapidly inactivated in the presence of colon liquids, it is unlikely that performing endoscopic procedures is associated with a significant infection risk due to undiagnosed asymptomatic or persistent gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Cherne
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Andrew B Gentry
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bozeman Health Deaconess Hospital, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Anna Nemudraia
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Artem Nemudryi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Jodi F Hedges
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Heather Walk
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Karlin Blackwell
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Deann T Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Maria Jerome
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Wyatt Madden
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
- Rollins School of Public Heath, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marziah Hashimi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - T Andrew Sebrell
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - David B King
- Department of Clinical Research, Bozeman Health Deaconess Hospital, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Raina K Plowright
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Mark A Jutila
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Blake Wiedenheft
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Diane Bimczok
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
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26
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Martin AK, Shah SZ, Guru PK, Chaudhary S, Franco PM, Makey I, Fritz AV, Pham SM, Thomas M. Multidisciplinary Approach for Lung Transplantation due to COVID-19. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2022; 6:200-208. [PMID: 35281693 PMCID: PMC8904149 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel etiology of end-stage lung disease, has resulted in major disruptions to the process of health care delivery worldwide. These disruptions have led to team-based innovations globally, resulting in a broad range of new processes in cardiopulmonary perioperative management. A key intersection of multidisciplinary teamwork and COVID-19 is found in lung transplantation, in which diverse teams collaborate throughout the perioperative period to achieve optimal outcomes. In this article, we describe the multidisciplinary approach taken by Mayo clinic in Florida to manage patients with COVID-19 presenting for lung transplantation.
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Key Words
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- ESLD, end-stage lung disease
- ICU, intensive care unit
- MCF, Mayo clinic in Florida
- MDT, multidisciplinary team
- OR, operating room
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- POD, postoperative day
- PPE, personal protective equipment
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- VA, veno-arterial
- VV, veno-venous
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Affiliation(s)
- Archer Kilbourne Martin
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Sadia Z Shah
- Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Pramod K Guru
- Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Sanjay Chaudhary
- Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | | | - Ian Makey
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Ashley Virginia Fritz
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Si M Pham
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Mathew Thomas
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, FL
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27
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Malik S, Kaushik C, Heidelman E, Polychronopoulou E, Kuo YF, Sharma G, Nishi SPE. Characteristics and Factors Associated With Mortality in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Pneumothorax. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2022; 6:257-68. [PMID: 35495868 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the incidence, clinical characteristics, and factors associated with mortality in patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in whom pneumothorax developed. Patients and Methods This study was a retrospective analysis conducted using a large administrative database of adult patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in the United States from February 1, 2020, to June 10, 2021. We characterized the clinical features of patients in whom pneumothorax developed and the factors associated with mortality and stratified pneumothorax by the timing of the initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and by the time of hospital admission (early versus late). Results A total of 811,065 adult patients had a positive test result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, of whom 103,858 (12.8%) were hospitalized. Pneumothorax occurred in 1915 patients (0.24% overall and 1.84% among hospitalized patients). Over time, the use of steroids and remdesivir increased, whereas the use of IMV, pneumothorax rates, and mortality decreased. The clinical characteristics associated with pneumothorax were male sex; the receipt of IMV; and treatment with steroids, remdesivir, or convalescent plasma. Most patients with pneumothorax received IMV, but pneumothorax developed before the initiation of IMV and/or early during hospitalization in majority. Multivariable analysis revealed that pneumothorax increased the risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.24). In patients who did not receive IMV, pneumothorax led to nearly twice the mortality (aHR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.56-2.54). Increased mortality was also noted when pneumothorax occurred before IMV (aHR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.11-1.69) and within 7 days of hospital admission (aHR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.29-1.98). Conclusion The overall incidence of pneumothorax in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 was low. Pneumothorax is an independent risk factor for death.
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28
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Wu S, Dong T, Li Y, Sun M, Qi Y, Liu J, Kuss MA, Chen S, Duan B. State-of-the-art review of advanced electrospun nanofiber yarn-based textiles for biomedical applications. Appl Mater Today 2022; 27:101473. [PMID: 35434263 PMCID: PMC8994858 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has made biotextiles, including face masks and protective clothing, quite familiar in our daily lives. Biotextiles are one broad category of textile products that are beyond our imagination. Currently, biotextiles have been routinely utilized in various biomedical fields, like daily protection, wound healing, tissue regeneration, drug delivery, and sensing, to improve the health and medical conditions of individuals. However, these biotextiles are commonly manufactured with fibers with diameters on the micrometer scale (> 10 μm). Recently, nanofibrous materials have aroused extensive attention in the fields of fiber science and textile engineering because the fibers with nanoscale diameters exhibited obviously superior performances, such as size and surface/interface effects as well as optical, electrical, mechanical, and biological properties, compared to microfibers. A combination of innovative electrospinning techniques and traditional textile-forming strategies opens a new window for the generation of nanofibrous biotextiles to renew and update traditional microfibrous biotextiles. In the last two decades, the conventional electrospinning device has been widely modified to generate nanofiber yarns (NYs) with the fiber diameters less than 1000 nm. The electrospun NYs can be further employed as the primary processing unit for manufacturing a new generation of nano-textiles using various textile-forming strategies. In this review, starting from the basic information of conventional electrospinning techniques, we summarize the innovative electrospinning strategies for NY fabrication and critically discuss their advantages and limitations. This review further covers the progress in the construction of electrospun NY-based nanotextiles and their recent applications in biomedical fields, mainly including surgical sutures, various scaffolds and implants for tissue engineering, smart wearable bioelectronics, and their current and potential applications in the COVID-19 pandemic. At the end, this review highlights and identifies the future needs and opportunities of electrospun NYs and NY-based nanotextiles for clinical use.
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Key Words
- CNT, carbon nanotube
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Electrospinning
- FDA, food and drug administration
- GF, gauge factor
- GO, graphene oxide
- HAVIC, human aortic valve interstitial cell
- HAp, hydroxyapatite
- MSC, mesenchymal stem cell
- MSC-SC, MSC derived Schwann cell-like cell
- MWCNT, multiwalled carbon nanotube
- MY, microfiber yarn
- MeGel, methacrylated gelatin
- NGC, nerve guidance conduit
- NHMR, neutral hollow metal rod
- NMD, neutral metal disc
- NY, nanofiber yarn
- Nanoyarns
- PA6, polyamide 6
- PA66, polyamide 66
- PAN, polyacrylonitrile
- PANi, polyaniline
- PCL, polycaprolactone
- PEO, polyethylene oxide
- PGA, polyglycolide
- PHBV, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)
- PLCL, poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone)
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PLLA, poly(L-lactic acid)
- PMIA, poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)
- PPDO, polydioxanone
- PPy, polypyrrole
- PSA, poly(sulfone amide)
- PU, polyurethane
- PVA, poly(vinyl alcohol)
- PVAc, poly(vinyl acetate)
- PVDF, poly(vinylidene difluoride)
- PVDF-HFP, poly(vinylidene floride-co-hexafluoropropylene)
- PVDF-TrFE, poly(vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene)
- PVP, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SC, Schwann cell
- SF, silk fibroin
- SWCNT, single-walled carbon nanotube
- TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1
- Textile-forming technique
- Tissue scaffolds
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- Wearable bioelectronics
- bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Dong
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiran Li
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingchao Sun
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ye Qi
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mitchell A Kuss
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shaojuan Chen
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Özdemir Ö. Asthma and Prognosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019. World Allergy Organ J 2022; 15:100656. [PMID: 35662874 PMCID: PMC9151523 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that asthma patients show compromised production of antiviral interferons and lower expression of ACE-2, most likely owing to ACE-2 expression is inversely correlated with type 2 (Th2: T helper 2) cytokine levels of asthmatics. However, COVID-19 patients with poor outcomes show early vigorous type I interferon expression. This does not match with the pathophysiology of worse COVID-19 disease development in asthma patients. Actually, why asthma might protect against poor outcomes in COVID-19 is explained in detail in recent reviews. Some new data even show decreased mortality in asthma patients. There were no flawless data that asthma patients are at a greater risk of becoming severely ill with SARS-CoV-2 infection, although current reports from the United States and the United Kingdom indicate that asthma is much more common in children and adults with COVID-19 than was formerly described from Asia as well as from central Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Öner Özdemir
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Research and Training Hospital of Sakarya University, Sakarya, Türkiye
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30
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Wang J, Zhu L, Liu L, Yan X, Xue L, Huang S, Zhang B, Xu T, Ji F, Li C, Ming F, Zhao Y, Cheng J, Chen K, Zhao XA, Sang D, Guan X, Chen X, Yan X, Zhang Z, Liu J, Huang R, Zhu C, Wu C. Clinical features and prognosis of COVID-19 patients with metabolic syndrome: A multicenter, retrospective study. Med Clin (Engl Ed) 2022; 158:458-465. [PMID: 35702719 PMCID: PMC9181760 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcle.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Few studies have investigated the impacts of metabolic syndrome (MS) on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We described the clinical features and prognosis of confirmed COVID-19 patients with MS during hospitalization and after discharge. Methods Two hundred and thirty-three COVID-19 patients from the hospitals in 8 cities of Jiangsu, China were retrospectively included. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients were described and risk factors of severe illness were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results Forty-five (19.3%) of 233 COVID-19 patients had MS. The median age of COVID-19 patients with MS was significantly higher than non-MS patients (53.0 years vs. 46.0 years, P = 0.004). There were no significant differences of clinical symptoms, abnormal chest CT images, and treatment drugs between two groups. More patients with MS had severe illness (33.3% vs. 6.4%, P < 0.001) and critical illness (4.4% vs. 0.5%, P = 0.037) than non-MS patients. The proportions of respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome in MS patients were also higher than non-MS patients during hospitalization. Multivariate analysis showed that concurrent MS (odds ratio [OR] 7.668, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.062–19.201, P < 0.001) and lymphopenia (OR 3.315, 95% CI 1.306–8.411, P = 0.012) were independent risk factors of severe illness of COVID-19. At a median follow-up of 28 days after discharge, bilateral pneumonia was found in 95.2% of MS patients, while only 54.7% of non-MS patients presented bilateral pneumonia. Conclusions 19.3% of COVID-19 patients had MS in our study. COVID-19 patients with MS are more likely to develop severe complications and have worse prognosis. More attention should be paid to COVID-19 patients with MS.
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Key Words
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- BMI, body mass index
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- Coronavirus disease 2019
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- ICU, intensive care units
- IQR, interquartile range
- MS, metabolic syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
- Prognosis
- SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- WHO, world Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Longgen Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Xuebing Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Leyang Xue
- Department of Critical Medicine, Huai'an No. 4 People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Songping Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Quality Control Office, Huai'an No. 4 People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Fang Ji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Fang Ming
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yancheng Second People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiang-An Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dawen Sang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yancheng Second People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Xinying Guan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaomin Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoping Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Taherifard E, Mortazavi R, Mokhtari M, Taherifard A, Kiani Salmi S, Taherifard E. Cytomegalovirus gastritis in a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: A case report and literature review. Respir Med Case Rep 2022; 37:101644. [PMID: 35392550 PMCID: PMC8975752 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2022.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we reported a previously immunocompetent patient who developed cytomegalovirus-induced gastric ulcers after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A 33-year-old man was referred to our center with complaints of persistent dysphagia and odynophagia, and epigastric pain and discomfort after ingesting solids or liquids, a few days after his hospital discharge following admission to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Endoscopy revealed inflammation and a whitish exudate in the esophagus, and multiple large active ulcers in the stomach. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were strongly suggestive of cytomegalovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Taherifard
- Internal Medicine Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Roozbeh Mortazavi
- Internal Medicine Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maral Mokhtari
- Pathology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Taherifard
- Radiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sima Kiani Salmi
- Radiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Erfan Taherifard
- Internal Medicine Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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32
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Luo Z, Ye C, Xiao H, Yin J, Liang Y, Ruan Z, Luo D, Gao D, Tan Q, Li Y, Zhang Q, Liu W, Wu J. Optimization of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for robust visualization in SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants diagnosis. Chem Eng Sci 2022; 251:117430. [PMID: 35043022 PMCID: PMC8757654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is widely used in detection of pathogenic microorganisms including SARS-CoV-2. However, the performance of LAMP assay needs further exploration in the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants test. Here, we design serials of primers and select an optimal set for LAMP-based on SARS-CoV-2 N gene for a robust and visual assay in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. The limit of detectable template reaches 10 copies of N gene per 25 μL reaction at isothermal 58℃ within 40 min. Importantly, the primers for LAMP assay locate at 12 to 213 nt of N gene, a highly conservative region, which serves as a compatible test in emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Comparison to a commercial qPCR assay, this LAMP assay exerts the high viability in diagnosis of 41 clinical samples. Our study optimizes an advantageous LAMP assay for colorimetric detection of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants, which is hopeful to be a promising test in COVID-19 surveillance.
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Key Words
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
- Ct, threshold cycle
- Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants
- IVD, in-vitro diagnosis
- LAMP, Loop-mediated isothermal amplification
- Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)
- NGS, next-generation sequencing
- POC, point-of-care
- RT-qPCR, real-time reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnosis
- VOC, variants of concern
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Chunhong Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Heng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Jialing Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yicong Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhihui Ruan
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Danju Luo
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Daolong Gao
- Guangdong Longfan Biological Science and Technology Company, Shunde District, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Qiuping Tan
- Guangdong Longfan Biological Science and Technology Company, Shunde District, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Yongkui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China
| | - Weiyong Liu
- Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan 528315, China.,Guangdong Longfan Biological Science and Technology Company, Shunde District, Foshan 528315, China
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Elec F, Magnusson J, Elec A, Muntean A, Antal O, Moisoiu T, Cismaru C, Lupse M, Oltean M. COVID-19 AND KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION: THE IMPACT OF REMDESIVIR ON RENAL FUNCTION AND OUTCOME- A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 118:247-253. [PMID: 35301103 PMCID: PMC8920078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of remdesivir on overall mortality, ICU mortality and renal functional outcome in hospitalized Covid 19 kidney transplant patients. METHODS We reviewed 165 KTx hospitalized due to COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and May 31, 2021. Thirty-eight KTx received a five-day RDV treatment while 127 received standard of care (SOC). Overall and ICU mortality along with functional outcome were assessed. RESULTS The two groups had similar baseline characteristics. RDV treatment was completed in all patients without any adverse effects attributable to RDV. In terms of overall mortality, there was no difference between the RDV and SOC groups (18% vs 23%, p>0.05), but the ICU mortality was significantly reduced in the RDV group (38% vs 29%, p<0.05). RDV seems to have no nephrotoxic effect on TxR patients, as there was no difference in the incidence of AKI between RDV and SOC groups (50% vs 43%, p<0.05), and the discharge eGFR values significantly improved in the RDV group compared with the admission values (57±23 vs 44±22, p<0.05). CONCLUSION Five-day RDV treatment appears safe in KTx recipients and may decrease ICU mortality attributed to COVID-19 and has no nephrotoxic effect.
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Key Words
- ABBREVIATIONS: AKI, acute kidney injury
- AR, acute rejection
- CCI, Charlson comorbidity index
- CKD, chronic kidney disease
- CNI, Calcineurin inhibitors
- COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019
- CU, intensive care unit
- ESRD, end-stage renal disease
- HCQ, hydroxychloroquine
- IL, interleukine
- KDIGO, Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes
- KTx, kidney transplant
- LMWH, low molecular weight heparin
- MMF, mycophenolate mofetil
- NIH, National Institutes of Health
- RDV, remdesivir
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SBECD, sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin
- SOC, standard of care
- STROBE, strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology
- WHO, World Health Organization
- eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Elec
- Clinical Institute of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Urology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Jesper Magnusson
- The Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alina Elec
- Clinical Institute of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Muntean
- Clinical Institute of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Antal
- Clinical Institute of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tudor Moisoiu
- Clinical Institute of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Urology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Biomed Data Analytics SRL, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Cismaru
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Lupse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Oltean
- The Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute for Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Wang Y, Ke J, Guo X, Gou K, Sang Z, Wang Y, Bian Y, Li S, Li H. Chiral mesoporous silica nano-screws as an efficient biomimetic oral drug delivery platform through multiple topological mechanisms. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1432-1446. [PMID: 35530160 PMCID: PMC9072246 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the microscale, bacteria with helical body shapes have been reported to yield advantages in many bio-processes. In the human society, there are also wisdoms in knowing how to recognize and make use of helical shapes with multi-functionality. Herein, we designed atypical chiral mesoporous silica nano-screws (CMSWs) with ideal topological structures (e.g., small section area, relative rough surface, screw-like body with three-dimension chirality) and demonstrated that CMSWs displayed enhanced bio-adhesion, mucus-penetration and cellular uptake (contributed by the macropinocytosis and caveolae-mediated endocytosis pathways) abilities compared to the chiral mesoporous silica nanospheres (CMSSs) and chiral mesoporous silica nanorods (CMSRs), achieving extended retention duration in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and superior adsorption in the blood circulation (up to 2.61- and 5.65-times in AUC). After doxorubicin (DOX) loading into CMSs, DOX@CMSWs exhibited controlled drug release manners with pH responsiveness in vitro. Orally administered DOX@CMSWs could efficiently overcome the intestinal epithelium barrier (IEB), and resulted in satisfactory oral bioavailability of DOX (up to 348%). CMSWs were also proved to exhibit good biocompatibility and unique biodegradability. These findings displayed superior ability of CMSWs in crossing IEB through multiple topological mechanisms and would provide useful information on the rational design of nano-drug delivery systems.
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Key Words
- APTES, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
- AR, aspect ratio
- AUC0‒∞, area under the curve
- CMSRs, chiral mesoporous silica nanorods
- CMSSs, chiral mesoporous silica nanospheres
- CMSWs, chiral mesoporous silica nano-screws
- CMSs, chiral mesoporous silicas nanoparticles
- Cd, drug loading capacity
- Chiral mesoporous silica
- Cmax, maximum concentration
- DAPI, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DCM, dichloromethane
- DOX, doxorubicin
- EDC·HCl, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FITC, Fluorescein isothiocyanate
- Frel, relative bioavailability
- GI, gastrointestinal
- Geometric topological structure
- HOBT, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole
- IEB, intestinal epithelium barrier
- IR, infrared spectroscopy
- Intestinal epithelium barrier
- MRT0‒∞, mean residence time
- MSNs, mesoporous silica nanoparticles
- Morphology
- Mβ-CD, methyl-β-cyclodextrin
- N-PLA, N-palmitoyl-l-alanine
- NPs, nanoparticles
- Nano-screw
- Oral adsorption
- PBS, phosphate buffer solution
- RBCs, red blood cells
- RITC, rhodamine B isothiocyanate
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SBET, Specific surface area
- SBF, simulated body fluid
- SD, Sprague–Dawley
- SGF, simulated gastric fluid
- SIF, simulated intestinal fluid
- TEOS, ethylsilicate
- Tmax, peak time
- Vt, pore volume
- WBJH, pore diameter
- XRD, X-ray diffractometry
- nano-DDS, nano-drug delivery systems
- t1/2, half-life
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Xu Q, Zhang L, Chen L, Zhao X, Wang X, Hu M, Le Y, Xue F, Li X, Zheng J. SARS-CoV-2 might transmit through the skin while the skin barrier function could be the mediator. Med Hypotheses 2022; 159:110752. [PMID: 35002019 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it were reported that COVID-19 patients could have cutaneous symptoms, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was observed on the skin of COVID-19 patients, which indicated that the skin is one target of SARS-CoV-2. Meanwhile, reports about SARS-CoV-2 transmission through food cold-chain overpacks emerged. With the fact that SARS-CoV-2 could survive on the skin for more than 9 h, the skin could be implicated in SARS CoV-2 transmission. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a critical membrane protein for SARS-CoV-2 that enters a host cell, was recognized to be associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, tissues that express ACE2 might have the potential to be infected by and transmit SARS-CoV-2. The skin is one such tissue that expresses ACE2. However, unlike the lung that expresses ACE2 on the upper-most epithelial layer, the skin is composed of different layers of cells that function as a barrier, and cells under the top epidermal layer express ACE2. Since the skin barrier is the first line of protection, the typical position of ACE2-expressing cells in the skin implies that the skin barrier function could be the mediator of SARS-CoV-2. In our study, we found that ACE2 could be expressed in the skin, and its expression level is increased in psoriasis, an inflammatory disease of the skin with barrier dysfunction. Additionally, by applying the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus on mouse models with or without deteriorated skin barrier, we found that the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus could infect the skin and lungs of mouse models, and when the skin barrier was impaired, more SARS-CoV-2-infected cells could be found. Thus, we hypothesized that a deteriorated condition of the skin barrier might increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection through the skin.
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Lal PM, Arif A, Mohan A, Rackimuthu S, Hasan MM, Islam Z, Uday U, Wara UU, Shaikh MTA, Essar MY. COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA): An added potential burden on India's pre-existing fungal superinfection. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health 2022; 13:100960. [PMID: 35005301 PMCID: PMC8723756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic that initiated in Wuhan, China, has been an international public health emergency since January 2020. India has been battling a brutal COVID-19's second wave since April 2021. The healthcare system was struggling with a substantial increase in COVID-19 cases when the lack of necessary resources further aroused a major setback. Opportunistic fungal infections, specifically mucormycosis and candidiasis have become a pressing matter of concern. Recent cases of aspergillosis have also heightened public alarm. Hence, call for an immediate response to this public health crisis is the need of the hour by establishing countrywide surveillance, diagnostic, and management system, as well as public awareness to alleviate the burden of COVID-19 and fungal infections in India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aabiya Arif
- Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anmol Mohan
- Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Red-Green Research Centre, BICCB, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zarmina Islam
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Utkarsha Uday
- West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Um-Ul- Wara
- Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
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Gupta S, Sudhindran S, Saraf N, Vijai A, Swaminathan S, Panackel C, Mehta NN, Varghese J, Singh S, Reddy MS, M. Sivaramakrishnan V, Bhangui P, Mohanka R, Asthana S, Rohatgi S. Liver Transplant Society of India Guidelines for Liver Transplant During COVID-19 times. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:180-185. [PMID: 34429571 PMCID: PMC8378015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected liver transplantation in many ways. There is risk of infection to the transplant recipients; and COVID-19 is associated with significant risk of mortality in patients on wait list. The Liver Transplant Society of India (LTSI) has prepared guidelines regarding selection of adult and pediatric patients for liver transplantation, transplant for acute liver failure, use of deceased donor organs, transplant techniques and minimally invasive donor hepatectomy, pre- and postsurgery testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related coronavirus disease 2019 in donors and recipients, role of COVID-19 antibody testing, shifting of recipients from COVID-19 to non-COVID-19 areas after recovery, isolation policy of team members exposed to COVID-19 patients, drug therapy of proven or suspected COVID-19 infection early posttransplant, care of SARS-CoV-2 positive donors and recipients and a separate COVID-19 consent for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neeraj Saraf
- Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, India,Address for correspondence: Neeraj Saraf. Medanta Institute of Liver Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Medanta The Medicity Hospital, Sector 38, Gurgaon, Delhi (NCR), India.
| | - Anand Vijai
- GEM Hospital and Research Center, Coimbatore, India
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Visco-Comandini U, Castilletti C, Lionetti R, Meschi S, Montalbano M, Rianda A, Taibi C, Sorace C, Guglielmo N, Piccolo P, Paci P, Ettorre GM, Gianpiero D. High prevalence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of liver transplant recipients in central Italy. J Liver Transpl 2022; 5:100064. [PMID: 38620857 PMCID: PMC8684051 DOI: 10.1016/j.liver.2021.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic subjects account for 25 to 45% of SARS-CoV-2 infections, and in particular, subjects on mild immunosuppressive therapy may have symptoms masked and could spread virus for an extended period of time. To determine the cumulative incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and associated risk factors, we conducted a prospective clinical and serological survey in a cohort of 278 liver transplant recipients (LTRs) from Central Italy. Three different serology tests were performed every 4 months in 259 LTRs between April 2020 and April 2021: one based on raw extract of whole SARS-CoV-2 virus and two on specific viral antigens (nucleoprotein and receptor binding domain) to detect specific IgG, IgM and IgA. Hundred fifteen LTRs who reported symptoms or close contact with a SARS-CoV-2-positive subject, or had a positive serological result underwent molecular testing by standard screening procedures (RT-PCR on naso-pharyngeal swab). Thirty-one past or active SARS-CoV-2 infections were identified: 14 had positive molecular test (64% symptomatic), and 17 had positive serology only (18% symptomatic). SARS-CoV-2 infection was not statistically related to gender, age, obesity, diabetes, renal impairment, type of anti-rejection therapy or time from transplant. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 cases (61.3%) were more frequent in males and in those with glomerular filtrate rate >50 ml/min. Overall, the addition of repeated serology to standard diagnostic molecular protocols increased detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection from 5.1% to 10.9%. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among our LTRs (11.2%) is comparable to the general population of Central Italy, considered a medium-impact area. Only one asymptomatic subject (6%) was found to carry SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory tract at the time of serological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaldo Visco-Comandini
- Infectious Diseases - Hepatology Division, POIT Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, UOC Infectious Diseases - Hepatology, Via Portuense 292, Rome, RM 00149, Italy
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Lionetti
- Infectious Diseases - Hepatology Division, POIT Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, UOC Infectious Diseases - Hepatology, Via Portuense 292, Rome, RM 00149, Italy
| | - Silvia Meschi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Montalbano
- Infectious Diseases - Hepatology Division, POIT Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, UOC Infectious Diseases - Hepatology, Via Portuense 292, Rome, RM 00149, Italy
| | - Alessia Rianda
- Infectious Diseases - Hepatology Division, POIT Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, UOC Infectious Diseases - Hepatology, Via Portuense 292, Rome, RM 00149, Italy
| | - Chiara Taibi
- Infectious Diseases - Hepatology Division, POIT Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, UOC Infectious Diseases - Hepatology, Via Portuense 292, Rome, RM 00149, Italy
| | - Chiara Sorace
- Infectious Diseases - Hepatology Division, POIT Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, UOC Infectious Diseases - Hepatology, Via Portuense 292, Rome, RM 00149, Italy
| | - Nicola Guglielmo
- Transplant and Oncological Surgery Division, POIT Department, San Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Piccolo
- Internal Medicine, S. Giovanni Calibita Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Paci
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering A. Ruberti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Ettorre
- Transplant and Oncological Surgery Division, POIT Department, San Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - D'Offizi Gianpiero
- Infectious Diseases - Hepatology Division, POIT Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, UOC Infectious Diseases - Hepatology, Via Portuense 292, Rome, RM 00149, Italy
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Kulkarni AV, Khelgi A, Sekaran A, Reddy R, Sharma M, Tirumalle S, Gora BA, Somireddy A, Reddy J, Menon B, Reddy DN, Rao NP. Post-COVID-19 Cholestasis: A Case Series and Review of Literature. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:1580-90. [PMID: 35719861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) cholangiopathy is a recently known entity. There are very few reports of liver transplantation (LT) for COVID-19-induced cholangiopathy. It is well known that vaccines can prevent severe disease and improve outcomes. However, there are no reports on the impact of COVID-19 vaccines on cholestasis. Therefore, we aimed to compare the course and outcome of patients who developed cholestasis following COVID-19 infection among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Methods: Patients diagnosed with post-COVID cholestasis during the pandemic were included in the study after excluding other causes of cholestasis. RESULTS Eight unvaccinated and seven vaccinated individuals developed cholestasis following COVID-19 infection. Baseline demographics, presentation, severity, and management of COVID-19 were similar in both groups. However, patients in the unvaccinated group had a protracted course. The peak ALP was 312 (239-517) U/L in the vaccinated group and 571.5 (368-1058) U/L in the unvaccinated group (P = 0.02). Similarly, the peak γ-glutamyl transpeptidase values were lower in the vaccinated (325 [237-600] U/L) than in the unvaccinated group (832 [491-1640] U/L; P = 0.004). However, the peak values of total bilirubin, transaminases, and INR were similar in both groups. Five patients developed ascites gradually in the unvaccinated group whereas none in the vaccinated group developed ascites. Plasma exchange was done in five patients, and two were successfully bridged to living donor LT in the unvaccinated group. Only two patients recovered with conservative management in the unvaccinated group, whereas all recovered with conservative management in the vaccinated group. The other four patients in the unvaccinated group were planned for LT. CONCLUSION Post-COVID-19 cholestasis is associated with high morbidity and mortality, meriting early identification and appropriate management. Vaccination can modify the course of severe COVID-19 infection and improve outcomes.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease-2019
- DDLT, deceased donor living transplantation
- GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase
- LDLT, living donor liver transplantation
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid
- ULN, upper limit of normal
- liver function test
- liver transplantation
- plasma exchange
- vaccination
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Daniels A, Wellan SA, Walter H. Learning it the hard way - how enjoying life and positive appraisal buffer the negative effects of stressors on mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord Rep 2021; 6:100200. [PMID: 34957432 PMCID: PMC8684292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Higher levels of stress and negative emotions such as anxiety and depression have been reported since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, but it remains less clear how positive emotions, such as hedonic capacity, may be affected. Further, during lockdowns, the ability to learn new pleasurable activities (hedonic learning) may be particularly relevant. Here, we investigated if state hedonia and/or hedonic learning mediated the relationship between COVID-19 stress and mental health. Moreover, we explored whether positive appraisal style (PAS), a major resilience factor, influenced these relationships. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, 5000 German-speaking participants filled out online questionnaires targeting stressors, mental health, state hedonia, hedonic learning, and PAS between April 9 and May 15, 2020. After confirming the factor structure of our constructs, we applied latent structural equation modeling to test mediation as well as moderated mediation models. Results Stress showed a positive association with mental health symptoms, which was buffered by both state hedonia and hedonic learning. While higher stress was related to lower state hedonia, participants reported more hedonic learning with greater stressor load. The latter effect was greater for individuals with high PAS. Limitations The present results should be replicated in longitudinal designs with representative samples to confirm the directionality and generalizability of effects. Conclusions Both state hedonia and hedonic learning buffered the effect of stress on mental health in an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Learning new rewarding activities in combination with a PAS may be especially relevant for maintaining mental health during lockdowns.
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Key Words
- ACIPS, Anticipatory and Consummatory Interpersonal Pleasure Scale
- AIC, Akaike Information Criterion
- Anhedonia
- BIC, Bayesian Information Criterion
- CFA, confirmatory factor analysis
- CFI, comparative fit index
- CI, confidence interval
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- DARS, Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale
- EFA, exploratory factor analysis
- GHQ-12, 12-item General Health Questionnaire
- MLR, robust maximum likelihood
- Mental health
- PAS, positive appraisal style
- Positive appraisal
- RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation
- Reward learning
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SEM, structural equation modeling
- SRMR, standardized root mean square residual
- Stress
- TEPS, Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale
- TLI, Tucker Lewis index
- aBIC, sample-size adjusted BIC
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Daniels
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences CCM, Research Division of Mind and Brain, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty of Philosophy, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah A Wellan
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences CCM, Research Division of Mind and Brain, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty of Philosophy, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences CCM, Research Division of Mind and Brain, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty of Philosophy, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel type b coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. With over 224 million confirmed infections with this virus and more than 4.6 million people dead because of it, it is critically important to define the immunological processes occurring in the human response to this virus and pathogenetic mechanisms of its deadly manifestation. This perspective focuses on the contribution of the recently discovered interaction of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with neuropilin 1 (NRP1) receptor, NRP1 as a virus entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2, its role in different physiologic and pathologic conditions, and the potential to target the Spike-NRP1 interaction to combat virus infectivity and severe disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana P Chapoval
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Program in Oncology at the Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- SemaPlex LLC, Ellicott City, MD, USA.
| | - Achsah D Keegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Program in Oncology at the Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bovard D, van der Toorn M, Schlage WK, Constant S, Renggli K, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Iota-carrageenan extracted from red algae is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 infection in reconstituted human airway epithelia. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 29:101187. [PMID: 34931176 PMCID: PMC8673819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iota-carrageenan (IC) nasal spray, a medical device approved for treating respiratory viral infections, has previously been shown to inhibit the ability of a variety of respiratory viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), to enter and replicate in the cell by interfering with the virus binding to the cell surface. The aim of this study was to further investigate the efficacy and safety of IC in SARS-CoV-2 infection in advanced in vitro models of the human respiratory epithelium, the primary target and entry port for SARS-CoV-2. We extended the in vitro safety assessment of nebulized IC in a 3-dimensional model of reconstituted human bronchial epithelium, and we demonstrated the efficacy of IC in protecting reconstituted nasal epithelium against viral infection and replication of a patient-derived SARS-CoV-2 strain. The results obtained from these two advanced models of human respiratory tract epithelia confirm previous findings from in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection assays and demonstrate that topically applied IC can effectively prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication. Moreover, the absence of toxicity and functional and structural impairment of the mucociliary epithelium demonstrates that the nebulized IC is well tolerated. IC had a potent antiviral effect in SARS-CoV-2 infected organotypic nasal epithelial cultures. Topical application (nasal drops) was non-toxic at anti-virally efficient doses. Aerosolized IC had no adverse effects on reconstituted human bronchial epithelium.
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Key Words
- 3D, 3-dimensional
- AE, after exposure
- ALI, air–liquid interface
- Air–liquid interface
- BE, before exposure
- Bronchial epithelium
- CBF, ciliary beating frequency
- COVID-19
- COVID19, Coronavirus disease 2019
- DMMB, Dimethylmethylene blue
- IC, Iota-carrageenan
- Iota-carrageenan
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MOI, multiplicity of infection
- NHBE, normal human bronchial epithelial
- Nasal epithelium
- Nasal spray
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SSPL, spike-pseudotyped lentivirus
- TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance
- hACE2, human angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bovard
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Marco van der Toorn
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Walter K Schlage
- Biology Consultant, Max-Baermann-Str. 21, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Samuel Constant
- Epithelix Sarl, 18 Chemin des Aulx, Plan-les-Ouates, 1228, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kasper Renggli
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Greene SK, Levin-Rector A, McGibbon E, Baumgartner J, Devinney K, Ternier A, Sell J, Kahn R, Kishore N. Reduced COVID-19 Hospitalizations among New York City Residents Following Age-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Eligibility: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design. Vaccine X 2021;:100134. [PMID: 34961848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2021.100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In clinical trials, several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were shown to reduce risk of severe COVID-19 illness. Local, population-level, real-world evidence of vaccine effectiveness is accumulating. We assessed vaccine effectiveness for community-dwelling New York City (NYC) residents using a quasi-experimental, regression discontinuity design, leveraging a period (January 12-March 9, 2021) when ≥65-year-olds were vaccine-eligible but younger persons, excluding essential workers, were not. Methods We constructed segmented, negative binomial regression models of age-specific COVID-19 hospitalization rates among 45-84-year-old NYC residents during a post-vaccination program implementation period (February 21-April 17, 2021), with a discontinuity at age 65 years. The relationship between age and hospitalization rates in an unvaccinated population was incorporated using a pre-implementation period (December 20, 2020-February 13, 2021). We calculated the rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the interaction between implementation period (pre or post) and age-based eligibility (45-64 or 65-84 years). Analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity and borough of residence. Similar analyses were conducted for COVID-19 deaths. Results Hospitalization rates among 65-84-year-olds decreased from pre- to post-implementation periods (RR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74-0.97), controlling for trends among 45-64-year-olds. Accordingly, an estimated 721 (95% CI: 126-1,241) hospitalizations were averted. Residents just above the eligibility threshold (65-66-year-olds) had lower hospitalization rates than those below (63-64-year-olds). Racial/ethnic groups and boroughs with higher vaccine coverage generally experienced greater reductions in RR point estimates. Uncertainty was greater for the decrease in COVID-19 death rates (RR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.66-1.10). Conclusion The vaccination program in NYC reduced COVID-19 hospitalizations among the initially age-eligible ≥65-year-old population by approximately 15% in the first eight weeks. The real-world evidence of vaccine effectiveness makes it more imperative to improve vaccine access and uptake to reduce inequities in COVID-19 outcomes.
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Lak E, Mohammadi MJ, Yousefi H. Impact of COVID-19 acute respiratory disease on the risk factors attributed to cancer patients. Toxicol Rep 2021; 9:46-52. [PMID: 34934636 PMCID: PMC8674635 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Communicable diseases (CDs) based on Health organization reported are one of the most threat for human health. SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is the main pandemic that nowadays it threatens the health of people around the world, especially cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of COVID-19 acute respiratory disease (COVID-19 ARD) on risk factors related to health of cancer patients. A review study of was conducted to base on results of various studies published. Nine hundred and eighty articles were retrieved based on various databases: Science Direct, Taylor & Francis, Google Scholar, Elsevier, PubMed and BMJ. In this study, were used the results of research on COVID-19 and its effects on risk factors attributed to cancer patients. The literature signs a notable undesirable affect from COVID-19 on risk factors attributed to health of cancer patients. Result showed that transfer SARS-CoV-2 viruses can endanger health of cancer patients due to interruption of the disease treatment process and increase number of deaths between in this patents. The survey requires the need to act creating healthy conditions to continue the treatment process and vaccination coverage among these patients in order to decrease the transmission of COVID-19 acute respiratory disease and increase the success rate of cancer treatment.
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Key Words
- AACR, American Association of Cancer Research
- ASCO, American Society of Clinical Oncology
- Acute respiratory disease
- CCC-19, COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium
- CDs, Communicable diseases
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 ARD, acute respiratory disease
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- Cancer
- Communicable diseases
- ESCA, Esophageal carcinoma
- ESMO, European Society for Medical Oncology
- Health
- ICU, Intensive Care Unit
- KICH, Kidney Chromophobe
- KIRP, Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma
- LUAD, Lung adenocarcinoma
- PCR, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- PRAD, Prostate adenocarcinoma
- Risk factors
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- UCEC, Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lak
- Assistant Professor of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health AND Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Homayon Yousefi
- Assistant Professor of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine AND Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research center, Health research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Chumsri S, Advani PP, Pai TS, Li Z, Mummareddy A, Acampora M, Reynolds GA, Wylie N, Boyle AW, Lou Y, Mody K, Moreno-Aspitia A, Swift MD, Virk A, Bharucha AE, Marquez CP, Patel TC, Gores GJ, Knutson KL. Humoral Responses After SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination and Breakthrough Infection in Cancer Patients. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2021; 6:120-125. [PMID: 34926993 PMCID: PMC8666324 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the magnitude of humoral response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines in patients with cancer receiving active therapies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients 18 years or older in whom SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody (anti-S Ab) levels were measured after 2 doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines were included. Patients with prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection or receiving other immunosuppressive therapy were excluded. RESULTS Among 201 patients who met the criteria, 61 were immunocompetent, 91 had a hematologic malignancy, and 49 had a solid malignancy while receiving treatments associated with cytopenia, including chemotherapy or cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors. A significantly greater proportion of immunocompetent patients (96.7% [59 of 61]) had anti-S Ab titers of 500 U/mL or greater compared to patients with hematologic (7.7% [7 of 91) and solid (55.1% [27 of 49]) malignancy (P<.001). Despite 2 doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines, 52.7% of patients with hematologic malignancy (48 of 91) and 8.2% of those with solid malignancy (4 of 49) receiving cytopenic therapy had no seroconversion (spike antibody titers <0.8 U/mL). Two patients subsequently had development of breakthrough COVID-19 infection after full vaccination. CONCLUSION A substantial proportion of patients with hematologic and solid malignancies receiving chemotherapies and CDK4/6i had poor humoral responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Our study adds to a growing body of literature suggesting that immunosuppressed patients have a suboptimal humoral response to COVID-19 vaccination. Our study also underscores the importance of assessing antibody response after COVID-19 vaccines in these vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Chumsri
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology,Correspondence: Address to Saranya Chumsri, MD, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224.
| | | | | | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanyan Lou
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology
| | - Kabir Mody
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology
| | | | | | | | - Adil E. Bharucha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Gregory J. Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Keith L. Knutson
- Departments of Immunology and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
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Riggan KA, Reckhow J, Allyse MA, Long M, Torbenson V, Rivera-Chiauzzi EY. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Obstetricians/Gynecologists. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2021; 5:1128-1137. [PMID: 34849457 PMCID: PMC8613070 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on obstetricians/gynecologists (OB/GYNs). Participants and Methods A 49-item survey was distributed to OB/GYNs through the websites and electronic mailing lists of professional OB/GYN organizations. The survey was open from June 22, 2020, through November 22, 2020. Of the 122 initiated surveys, 89 were completed (73.0% completion rate); 72 respondents answered at least one open-ended question and were included for qualitative analysis. Results Respondents reported policy changes, limited personal protective equipment availability, patient compliance with safety protocols and personal protective equipment use, staff shortages, and concerns about COVID-19 exposure as primary stressors related to the pandemic. Respondents felt that the pandemic had a negative professional impact on their relationships with patients and colleagues. Workplace and pandemic stressors resulted in feelings of anxiety and frustration; physical effects were also reported. Some respondents indicated that they were considering early retirement or leaving the profession as a result of the pandemic, which suggests that OB/GYNs may be at increased risk for burnout. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic will have important long-term effects on OB/GYN well-being and workforce retention. Proactive support for OB/GYNs is needed to combat burnout and counteract workforce attrition. Implementing peer support programs that promote healthy emotional processing following adverse events may mitigate these feelings and reduce OB/GYN burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jensen Reckhow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Megan A Allyse
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Margaret Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Enid Y Rivera-Chiauzzi
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Rabbani G, Ahn SN, Kwon H, Ahmad K, Choi I. Penta-peptide ATN-161 based neutralization mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101170. [PMID: 34778573 PMCID: PMC8578017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has become a big challenge for the scientific community worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 enters into the host cell by the spike protein binding with an ACE2 receptor present on the host cell. Developing safe and effective inhibitor appears an urgent need to interrupt the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with ACE2 receptor in order to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We have examined the penta-peptide ATN-161 as potential inhibitor of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding, where ATN-161 has been commercially approved for the safety and possess high affinity and specificity towards the receptor binding domain (RBD) of S1 subunit in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We carried out experiments and confirmed these phenomena that the virus bindings were indeed minimized. ATN-161 peptide can be used as an inhibitor of protein-protein interaction (PPI) stands as a crucial interaction in biological systems. The molecular docking finding suggests that the binding energy of the ACE2-spike protein complex is reduced in the presence of ATN-161. Protein-protein docking binding energy (-40.50 kcal/mol) of the spike glycoprotein toward the human ACE2 and binding of ATN-161 at their binding interface reduced the biding energy (-26.25 kcal/mol). The finding of this study suggests that ATN-161 peptide can mask the RBD of the spike protein and be considered as a neutralizing candidate by binding with the ACE2 receptor. Peptide-based masking of spike S1 protein (RBD) and its neutralization is a highly promising strategy to prevent virus penetration into the host cell. Thus masking of the RBD leads to the loss of receptor recognition property which can reduce the chance of infection host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulam Rabbani
- Nano Diagnostics & Devices (NDD), IT-Medical Fusion Center, 350-27 Gumidae-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongbuk, 39253, Republic of Korea
| | - Saeyoung Nate Ahn
- Nano Diagnostics & Devices (NDD), IT-Medical Fusion Center, 350-27 Gumidae-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongbuk, 39253, Republic of Korea
- Fuzbien Technology Institute, 13 Taft Court, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Hyunhwa Kwon
- Nano Diagnostics & Devices (NDD), IT-Medical Fusion Center, 350-27 Gumidae-ro, Gumi-si, Gyeongbuk, 39253, Republic of Korea
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
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Rowlands AV, Dempsey PC, Gillies C, Kloecker DE, Razieh C, Chudasama Y, Islam N, Zaccardi F, Lawson C, Norris T, Davies MJ, Khunti K, Yates T. Association Between Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity and Severity of COVID-19 in UK Biobank. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2021; 5:997-1007. [PMID: 34430796 PMCID: PMC8376658 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between accelerometer-assessed physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. METHODS Data from 82,253 UK Biobank participants with accelerometer data (measured 2013-2015), complete covariate data, and linked COVID-19 data from March 16, 2020, to March 16, 2021, were included. Two outcomes were investigated: severe COVID-19 (positive test result from in-hospital setting or COVID-19 as primary cause of death) and nonsevere COVID-19 (positive test result from community setting). Logistic regressions were used to assess associations with moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), total activity, and intensity gradient. A higher intensity gradient indicates a higher proportion of vigorous activity. RESULTS Average MVPA was 48.1 (32.7) min/d. Physical activity was associated with lower odds of severe COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio per standard deviation increase: MVPA, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.67 to 0.85]; total, 0.83 [0.74 to 0.92]; intensity, 0.77 [0.70 to 0.86]), with stronger associations in women (MVPA, 0.63 [0.52 to 0.77]; total, 0.76 [0.64 to 0.90]; intensity, 0.63 [0.53 to 0.74]) than in men (MVPA, 0.84 [0.73 to 0.97]; total, 0.88 [0.77 to 1.01]; intensity, 0.88 [0.77 to 1.00]). In contrast, when mutually adjusted, total activity was associated with higher odds of a nonsevere infection (1.10 [1.04 to 1.16]), whereas the intensity gradient was associated with lower odds (0.91 [0.86 to 0.97]). CONCLUSION Odds of severe COVID-19 were approximately 25% lower per standard deviation (∼30 min/d) MVPA. A greater proportion of vigorous activity was associated with lower odds of severe and nonsevere infections. The association between total activity and higher odds of a nonsevere infection may be through greater community engagement and thus more exposure to the virus. Results support calls for public health messaging highlighting the potential of MVPA for reducing the odds of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex V. Rowlands
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Paddy C. Dempsey
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Physical Activity and Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratories, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Clare Gillies
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Kloecker
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- St George’s University of London, Tooting, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Razieh
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Yogini Chudasama
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nazrul Islam
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Zaccardi
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Lawson
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Norris
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie J. Davies
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration–East Midlands (ARC-EM), Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Ishikawa F, Udaka Y, Oyamada H, Ishino K, Tokimatsu I, Sagara H, Kiuchi Y. Genetic epidemiology using whole genome sequencing and haplotype networks revealed the linkage of SARS-CoV-2 infection in nosocomial outbreak. Infect Prev Pract 2021; 3:100190. [PMID: 34841243 PMCID: PMC8611819 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2021.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A characteristic feature of SARS-CoV-2 is its ability to transmit from pre- or asymptomatic patients, complicating the tracing of infection pathways and causing outbreaks. Despite several reports that whole genome sequencing (WGS) and haplotype networks are useful for epidemiologic analysis, little is known about their use in nosocomial infections. AIM We aimed to demonstrate the advantages of genetic epidemiology in identifying the link in nosocomial infection by comparing single nucleotide variations (SNVs) of isolates from patients associated with an outbreak in Showa University Hospital. METHODS We used specimens from 32 patients in whom COVID-19 had been diagnosed using clinical reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction tests. RNA of SARS-CoV-2 from specimens was reverse-transcribed and analysed using WGS. SNVs were extracted and used for lineage determination, phylogenetic tree analysis, and median-joining analysis. FINDINGS The lineage of SARS-CoV-2 that was associated with outbreak in Showa University Hospital was B.1.1.214, which was consistent with that found in the Kanto metropolitan area during the same period. Consistent with canonical epidemiological observations, haplotype network analysis was successful for the classification of patients. Additionally, phylogenetic tree analysis revealed three independent introductions of the virus into the hospital during the outbreak. Further, median-joining analysis indicated that four patients were directly infected by any of the others in the same cluster. CONCLUSION Genetic epidemiology with WGS and haplotype networks is useful for tracing transmission and optimizing prevention strategies in nosocomial outbreaks.
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Key Words
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- Epidemiological analysis
- GISAID, Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data
- Haplotype networks
- KMA, Kanto metropolitan area
- NJ, neighbour-joining
- Phylogenetic tree analysis
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SNVs, single nucleotide variations
- SUH, Showa University Hospital
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- VOC, variant of concern
- WGS, whole genome sequencing
- Whole genome sequencing
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Ishikawa
- PCR Centre for COVID-19, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Centre for Biotechnology, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Udaka
- PCR Centre for COVID-19, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideto Oyamada
- PCR Centre for COVID-19, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishino
- PCR Centre for COVID-19, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Infection Control Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Tokimatsu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Sagara
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Kiuchi
- PCR Centre for COVID-19, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Jones WA, Castro RDC, Masters HL, Carrico R. Influenza Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of Recent Innovations in Antiviral Therapy and Relevance to Primary Care Practice. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2021; 5:974-991. [PMID: 34414356 PMCID: PMC8363430 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza requires appropriate management to protect public health and resources. Decreasing the burden of influenza will depend primarily on increasing vaccination rates as well as prompt initiation of antiviral therapy within 48 hours of symptom onset, especially in the context of the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. A careful approach is required to prevent health services from being overwhelmed by a surge in demand that could exceed capacity. This review highlights the societal burden of influenza and discusses the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of influenza as a complicating addition to the challenges of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The importance of vaccination for seasonal influenza and the role of antiviral therapy in the treatment and prophylaxis of seasonal influenza, including the most up-to-date recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for influenza management, will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren A. Jones
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | | | | | - Ruth Carrico
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
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