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Kolipaka R, Magesh I, Bharathy MA, Karthik S, Saranya I, Selvamurugan N. A potential function for MicroRNA-124 in normal and pathological bone conditions. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:687-694. [PMID: 38577015 PMCID: PMC10990750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells produce short single-stranded non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) called microRNAs (miRNAs), which actively regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Several miRNAs have been observed to exert significant impacts on bone health and bone-related disorders. One of these, miR-124, is observed in bone microenvironments and is conserved across species. It affects bone cell growth and differentiation by activating different transcription factors and signaling pathways. In-depth functional analyses of miR-124 have revealed several physiological and pathological roles exerted through interactions with other ncRNAs. Deciphering these RNA-mediated signaling networks and pathways is essential for understanding the potential impacts of dysregulated miRNA functions on bone biology. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of miR-124's involvement in bone physiology and pathology. We highlight the importance of miR-124 in controlling transcription factors and signaling pathways that promote bone growth. This review reveals therapeutic implications for the treatment of bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushil Kolipaka
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Induja Magesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M.R. Ashok Bharathy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Karthik
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - I. Saranya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N. Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
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Boerjan W, Burlat V, Cosgrove DJ, Dunand C, Dupree P, Haas KT, Ingram G, Jamet E, Mohnen D, Moussu S, Peaucelle A, Persson S, Voiniciuc C, Höfte H. Top five unanswered questions in plant cell surface research. Cell Surf 2024; 11:100121. [PMID: 38405175 PMCID: PMC10885547 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2024.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant cell wall researchers were asked their view on what the major unanswered questions are in their field. This article summarises the feedback that was received from them in five questions. In this issue you can find equivalent syntheses for researchers working on bacterial, unicellular parasite and fungal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wout Boerjan
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Vincent Burlat
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Daniel J. Cosgrove
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16870, the United States of America
| | - Christophe Dunand
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Paul Dupree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Kalina T. Haas
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Gwyneth Ingram
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, UCBL, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Debra Mohnen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Steven Moussu
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Alexis Peaucelle
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Staffan Persson
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Cătălin Voiniciuc
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, the United States of America
| | - Herman Höfte
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
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Rodrigues DT, Padilha HA, Soares ATG, de Souza MEO, Guerra MT, Ávila DS. The Caenorhabditis elegans neuroendocrine system and their modulators: An overview. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 586:112191. [PMID: 38382589 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In this review we seek to systematically bring what has been published in the literature about the nervous system, endocrine system, neuroendocrine relationships, neuroendocrine modulations and endocrine disruptors in the alternative model Caenorhabditis elegans. The serotonergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmitters are related to the modulation of the neuroendocrine axis, leading to the activation or inhibition of several processes that occur in the worm through distinct and interconnected pathways. Furthermore, this review addresses the gut-neuronal axis as it has been revealed in recent years that gut microbiota impacts on neuronal functions. This review also approaches xenobiotics that can positively or negatively impact the neuroendocrine system in C. elegans as in mammals, which allows the application of this nematode to screen new drugs and to identify toxicants that are endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Teixeira Rodrigues
- Graduation Program in Biological Sciences- Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Graduation Program in Biological Sciences- Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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Meichtry LB, Sotelo MB, Musachio EAS, Janner DE, Dahleh MMM, Fernandes EJ, Bortolotto VC, Guerra GP, Prigol M. Early exposure to trans fat causes cognitive impairment by modulating the expression of proteins associated with oxidative stress and synaptic plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 279:109858. [PMID: 38369039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Evidence has shown that consuming trans fatty acids (TFA) during development leads to their incorporation into the nervous tissue, resulting in neurological changes in flies. In this study, Drosophila melanogaster was exposed to different concentrations of hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF) during development: substitute hydrogenated vegetable fat (SHVF), HVF 10 %, and HVF 20 %. The objective was to evaluate the effects of early trans fat exposure on cognition and associated pathways in flies. The results showed that early TFA exposure provoked a cerebral redox imbalance, as confirmed by increased reactive species (HVF 10 and 20 %) and lipid peroxidation (SHVF, HVF 10, and 20 %), reduced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 immunoreactivity (HVF 10 and 20 %), and increased heat shock protein 70 (HVF 20 %), which was possibly responsible for decreasing superoxide dismutase (SHVF, HVF 10, and 20 %) and catalase (HVF 20 %) activities. Furthermore, the presence of TFA in nervous tissue impaired learning (HVF 10 and 20 %) and memory at 6 and 24 h (SHVF, HVF 10, and 20 %). These cognitive impairments may be linked to reduced Shank levels (HVF 20 %) and increased acetylcholinesterase activity (SHVF, HVF 10 and 20 %) observed. Our findings demonstrate that early exposure to trans fat leads to cerebral redox imbalance, altering proteins associated with stress, synaptic plasticity, and the cholinergic system, consequently leading to cognitive impairment in flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Barreto Meichtry
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Campus Itaqui, 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Magna Barrientos Sotelo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elize Aparecida Santos Musachio
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Campus Itaqui, 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Dieniffer Espinosa Janner
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Campus Itaqui, 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Mustafa Munir Mustafa Dahleh
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Campus Itaqui, 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliana Jardim Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Campus Itaqui, 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Vandreza Cardoso Bortolotto
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Campus Itaqui, 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Petri Guerra
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Campus Itaqui, 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Prigol
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules (LaftamBio), Federal University of Pampa, Campus Itaqui, 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil.
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Sami A, Han S, Haider MZ, Khizar R, Ali Q, Shafiq M, Tabassum J, Khalid MN, Javed MA, Sajid M, Manzoor MA, Sabir IA. Genetics aspect of vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) biosynthesis and signaling pathways in fruits and vegetables crops. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:73. [PMID: 38598147 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an essential nutrient that plays a critical role in many physiological processes in plants and animals. In humans, vitamin C is an antioxidant, reducing agent, and cofactor in diverse chemical processes. The established role of vitamin C as an antioxidant in plants is well recognized. It neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can cause damage to cells. Also, it plays an important role in recycling other antioxidants, such as vitamin E, which helps maintain the overall balance of the plant's antioxidant system. However, unlike plants, humans cannot synthesize ascorbic acid or vitamin C in their bodies due to the absence of an enzyme called gulonolactone oxidase. This is why humans need to obtain vitamin C through their diet. Different fruits and vegetables contain varying levels of vitamin C. The biosynthesis of vitamin C in plants occurs primarily in the chloroplasts and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The biosynthesis of vitamin C is a complex process regulated by various factors such as light, temperature, and plant hormones. Recent research has identified several key genes that regulate vitamin C biosynthesis, including the GLDH and GLDH genes. The expression of these genes is known to be regulated by various factors such as light, temperature, and plant hormones. Recent studies highlight vitamin C's crucial role in regulating plant stress response pathways, encompassing drought, high salinity, and oxidative stress. The key enzymes in vitamin C biosynthesis are L-galactose dehydrogenase (GLDH) and L-galactono-1, 4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH). Genetic studies reveal key genes like GLDH and GLDH in Vitamin C biosynthesis, offering potential for crop improvement. Genetic variations influence nutritional content through their impact on vitamin C levels. Investigating the roles of genes in stress responses provides insights for developing resilient techniques in crop growth. Some fruits and vegetables, such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruits, along with strawberries and kiwi, are rich in vitamin C. Guava. Papaya provides a boost of vitamin C and dietary fiber. At the same time, red and yellow bell peppers, broccoli, pineapple, mangoes, and kale are additional sources of this essential nutrient, promoting overall health. In this review, we will discuss a brief history of Vitamin C and its signaling and biosynthesis pathway and summarize the regulation of its content in various fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Sami
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Punjab, Lahore, P.O BOX 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shiming Han
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, 553004, China.
| | - Muhammad Zeshan Haider
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Punjab, Lahore, P.O BOX 54590, Pakistan
| | - Rameen Khizar
- Department of Food Sciences, University Of Punjab, Lahore, P.O BOX 54590, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Punjab, Lahore, P.O BOX 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Horticulture, University Of Punjab, Lahore, P.O BOX 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Javaria Tabassum
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Punjab, Lahore, P.O BOX 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nouman Khalid
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad Javed
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Punjab, Lahore, P.O BOX 54590, Pakistan
| | - Mateen Sajid
- Department of Horticulture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Manzoor
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Irfan Ali Sabir
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Wajapeyee N, Beamon TC, Gupta R. Roles and therapeutic targeting of ceramide metabolism in cancer. Mol Metab 2024; 83:101936. [PMID: 38599378 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ceramides are sphingolipids that act as signaling molecules involved in regulating cellular processes including apoptosis, proliferation, and metabolism. Deregulation of ceramide metabolism contributes to cancer development and progression. Therefore, regulation of ceramide levels in cancer cells is being explored as a new approach for cancer therapy. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW This review discusses the multiple roles of ceramides in cancer cells and strategies to modulate ceramide levels for cancer therapy. Ceramides attenuate cell survival signaling and metabolic pathways, while activating apoptotic mechanisms, making them tumor-suppressive. Approaches to increase ceramide levels in cancer cells include using synthetic analogs, inhibiting ceramide degradation, and activating ceramide synthesis. We also highlight combination therapies such as use of ceramide modulators with chemotherapies, immunotherapies, apoptosis inducers, and anti-angiogenics, which offer synergistic antitumor effects. Additionally, we also describe ongoing clinical trials evaluating ceramide nanoliposomes and analogs. Finally, we discuss the challenges of these therapeutic approaches including the complexity of ceramide metabolism, targeted delivery, cancer heterogeneity, resistance mechanisms, and long-term safety. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Ceramide-based therapy is a potentially promising approach for cancer therapy. However, overcoming hurdles in pharmacokinetics, specificity, and resistance is needed to optimize its efficacy and safety. This requires comprehensive preclinical/clinical studies into ceramide signaling, formulations, and combination therapies. Ceramide modulation offers opportunities for developing novel cancer treatments, but a deeper understanding of ceramide biology is vital to advance its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Wajapeyee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA; O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| | - Teresa Chiyanne Beamon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Romi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA; O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
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Rivera O, Sharma M, Dagar S, Shahani N, Ramĺrez-Jarquĺn UN, Crynen G, Karunadharma P, McManus F, Bonneil E, Pierre T, Subramaniam S. Rhes, a striatal enriched protein, regulates post-translational small-ubiquitin-like-modifier (SUMO) modification of nuclear proteins and alters gene expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:169. [PMID: 38589732 PMCID: PMC11001699 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Rhes (Ras homolog enriched in the striatum), a multifunctional protein that regulates striatal functions associated with motor behaviors and neurological diseases, can shuttle from cell to cell via the formation of tunneling-like nanotubes (TNTs). However, the mechanisms by which Rhes mediates diverse functions remain unclear. Rhes is a small GTPase family member which contains a unique C-terminal Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) E3-like domain that promotes SUMO post-translational modification of proteins (SUMOylation) by promoting "cross-SUMOylation" of the SUMO enzyme SUMO E1 (Aos1/Uba2) and SUMO E2 ligase (Ubc-9). Nevertheless, the identity of the SUMO substrates of Rhes remains largely unknown. Here, by combining high throughput interactome and SUMO proteomics, we report that Rhes regulates the SUMOylation of nuclear proteins that are involved in the regulation of gene expression. Rhes increased the SUMOylation of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and histone 2B, while decreasing SUMOylation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (HNRNPM), protein polybromo-1 (PBRM1) and E3 SUMO-protein ligase (PIASy). We also found that Rhes itself is SUMOylated at 6 different lysine residues (K32, K110, K114, K120, K124, and K245). Furthermore, Rhes regulated the expression of genes involved in cellular morphogenesis and differentiation in the striatum, in a SUMO-dependent manner. Our findings thus provide evidence for a previously undescribed role for Rhes in regulating the SUMOylation of nuclear targets and in orchestrating striatal gene expression via SUMOylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Rivera
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Manish Sharma
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Sunayana Dagar
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Neelam Shahani
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Uri Nimrod Ramĺrez-Jarquĺn
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Department of Pharmacology, Mexico, USA
| | - Gogce Crynen
- Bioinformatics and Statistics Core, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Pabalu Karunadharma
- Genomic Core, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Francis McManus
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Bonneil
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thibault Pierre
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Srinivasa Subramaniam
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
- The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, 3009 SW Williston Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
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Mantovani O, Haffner M, Walke P, Elshereef AA, Wagner B, Petras D, Forchhammer K, Selim KA, Hagemann M. The redox-sensitive R-loop of the carbon control protein SbtB contributes to the regulation of the cyanobacterial CCM. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7885. [PMID: 38570698 PMCID: PMC10991534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
SbtB is a PII-like protein that regulates the carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM) in cyanobacteria. SbtB proteins can bind many adenyl nucleotides and possess a characteristic C-terminal redox sensitive loop (R-loop) that forms a disulfide bridge in response to the diurnal state of the cell. SbtBs also possess an ATPase/ADPase activity that is modulated by the redox-state of the R-loop. To investigate the R-loop in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, site-specific mutants, unable to form the hairpin and permanently in the reduced state, and a R-loop truncation mutant, were characterized under different inorganic carbon (Ci) and light regimes. Growth under diurnal rhythm showed a role of the R-loop as sensor for acclimation to changing light conditions. The redox-state of the R-loop was found to impact the binding of the adenyl-nucleotides to SbtB, its membrane association and thereby the CCM regulation, while these phenotypes disappeared after truncation of the R-loop. Collectively, our data imply that the redox-sensitive R-loop provides an additional regulatory layer to SbtB, linking the CO2-related signaling activity of SbtB with the redox state of cells, mainly reporting the actual light conditions. This regulation not only coordinates CCM activity in the diurnal rhythm but also affects the primary carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Mantovani
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Haffner
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Walke
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Abdalla A Elshereef
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Berenike Wagner
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Petras
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl Forchhammer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Khaled A Selim
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Protein Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute of Biology, Microbiology/Molecular Physiology of Prokaryotes, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Faculty, Department Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
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Marrocco R, Bernard I, Joulia E, Barascud R, Dejean AS, Lesourne R, Saoudi A. Positive regulation of Vav1 by Themis controls CD4 T cell pathogenicity in a mouse model of central nervous system inflammation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:161. [PMID: 38565808 PMCID: PMC10987373 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The susceptibility to autoimmune diseases is conditioned by the association of modest genetic alterations which altogether weaken self-tolerance. The mechanism whereby these genetic interactions modulate T-cell pathogenicity remains largely uncovered. Here, we investigated the epistatic interaction of two interacting proteins involved in T Cell Receptor signaling and which were previously associated with the development of Multiple Sclerosis. To this aim, we used mice expressing an hypomorphic variant of Vav1 (Vav1R63W), combined with a T cell-conditional deletion of Themis. We show that the combined mutations in Vav1 and Themis induce a strong attenuation of the severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), contrasting with the moderate effect of the single mutation in each of those two proteins. This genotype-dependent gradual decrease of EAE severity correlates with decreased quantity of phosphorylated Vav1 in CD4 T cells, establishing that Themis promotes the development of encephalitogenic Tconv response by enhancing Vav1 activity. We also show that the cooperative effect of Themis and Vav1 on EAE severity is independent of regulatory T cells and unrelated to the impact of Themis on thymic selection. Rather, it results from decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-17, TNF and GM-CSF) and reduced T cell infiltration in the CNS. Together, our results provide a rationale to study combination of related genes, in addition to single gene association, to better understand the genetic bases of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Marrocco
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses Et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), INSERM U1291, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), CHU Purpan, BP 3028, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Isabelle Bernard
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses Et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), INSERM U1291, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), CHU Purpan, BP 3028, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Emeline Joulia
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses Et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), INSERM U1291, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), CHU Purpan, BP 3028, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca Barascud
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses Et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), INSERM U1291, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), CHU Purpan, BP 3028, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Anne S Dejean
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses Et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), INSERM U1291, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), CHU Purpan, BP 3028, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Renaud Lesourne
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses Et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), INSERM U1291, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), CHU Purpan, BP 3028, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses Et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), INSERM U1291, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), CHU Purpan, BP 3028, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 3, France.
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10
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Amson R, Senff-Ribeiro A, Karafin T, Lespagnol A, Honoré J, Baylot V, Banroques J, Tanner NK, Chamond N, Dimitrov JD, Hoebeke J, Droin NM, Job B, Piard J, Bommer UA, Choi KW, Abdelfatah S, Efferth T, Telerman SB, Geyer FC, Reis-Filho J, Telerman A. TCTP regulates genotoxic stress and tumorigenicity via intercellular vesicular signaling. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1962-1986. [PMID: 38548973 PMCID: PMC11014985 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic intercellular signaling is regulated by extracellular vesicles (EVs), but the underlying mechanisms remain mostly unclear. Since TCTP (translationally controlled tumor protein) is an EV component, we investigated whether it has a role in genotoxic stress signaling and malignant transformation. By generating a Tctp-inducible knockout mouse model (Tctp-/f-), we report that Tctp is required for genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis signaling via small EVs (sEVs). Human breast cancer cells knocked-down for TCTP show impaired spontaneous EV secretion, thereby reducing sEV-dependent malignant growth. Since Trp53-/- mice are prone to tumor formation, we derived tumor cells from Trp53-/-;Tctp-/f- double mutant mice and describe a drastic decrease in tumori-genicity with concomitant decrease in sEV secretion and content. Remarkably, Trp53-/-;Tctp-/f- mice show highly prolonged survival. Treatment of Trp53-/- mice with sertraline, which inhibits TCTP function, increases their survival. Mechanistically, TCTP binds DDX3, recruiting RNAs, including miRNAs, to sEVs. Our findings establish TCTP as an essential protagonist in the regulation of sEV-signaling in the context of apoptosis and tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Amson
- Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Unité Inserm U981, Bâtiment B2M, 114 rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Andrea Senff-Ribeiro
- Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Unité Inserm U981, Bâtiment B2M, 114 rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Teele Karafin
- Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Unité Inserm U981, Bâtiment B2M, 114 rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandra Lespagnol
- Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Unité Inserm U981, Bâtiment B2M, 114 rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Joane Honoré
- Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Unité Inserm U981, Bâtiment B2M, 114 rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Virginie Baylot
- Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Unité Inserm U981, Bâtiment B2M, 114 rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Josette Banroques
- Université de Paris Cité & CNRS, Expression Génétique Microbienne, IBPC, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie and Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, CNRS UMR8261, EGM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - N Kyle Tanner
- Université de Paris Cité & CNRS, Expression Génétique Microbienne, IBPC, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie and Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris Sciences et Lettres University, CNRS UMR8261, EGM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Chamond
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Laboratoire CiTCom - UMR CNRS 8038 Université Paris Descartes 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270, Paris, France
| | - Jordan D Dimitrov
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Johan Hoebeke
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UPR CNRS 9021, 15, rue René Descartes, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie M Droin
- Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Unité Inserm U1287, 114 rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Bastien Job
- Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Bioinformatics Core Facility, 114 rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Jonathan Piard
- Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, 4 avenue Des Sciences, 91110, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ulrich-Axel Bommer
- Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Kwang-Wook Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Sara Abdelfatah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Felipe Correa Geyer
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jorge Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Adam Telerman
- Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Unité Inserm U981, Bâtiment B2M, 114 rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France.
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11
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Lai B, Jiang H, Gao Y, Zhou X. Skeletal ciliopathy: pathogenesis and related signaling pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:811-823. [PMID: 37188988 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are tiny organelles with conserved structures and components in eukaryotic cells. Ciliopathy is a set of diseases resulting from cilium dysfunction classified into first-order and second-order ciliopathy. With the advancement of clinical diagnosis and radiography, numerous skeletal phenotypes, including polydactyly, short limbs, short ribs, scoliosis, a narrow thorax, and numerous anomalies in bone and cartilage, have been discovered in ciliopathies. Mutation in genes encoding cilia core components or other cilia-related molecules have been found in skeletal ciliopathies. Meanwhile, various signaling pathways associated with cilia and skeleton development have been deemed to be significant for the occurrence and progression of diseases. Herein, we review the structure and key components of the cilium and summarize several skeletal ciliopathies with their presumable pathology. We also emphasize the signaling pathways involved in skeletal ciliopathies, which may assist in developing potential therapies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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12
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Fougère L, Mongrand S, Boutté Y. The function of sphingolipids in membrane trafficking and cell signaling in plants, in comparison with yeast and animal cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159463. [PMID: 38281556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are essential membrane components involved in a wide range of cellular, developmental and signaling processes. Sphingolipids are so essential that knock-out mutation often leads to lethality. In recent years, conditional or weak allele mutants as well as the broadening of the pharmacological catalog allowed to decipher sphingolipid function more precisely in a less invasive way. This review intends to provide a discussion and point of view on the function of sphingolipids with a main focus on endomembrane trafficking, Golgi-mediated protein sorting, cell polarity, cell-to-cell communication and cell signaling at the plasma membrane. While our main angle is the plant field research, we will constantly refer to and compare with the advances made in the yeast and animal field. In this review, we will emphasize the role of sphingolipids not only as a membrane component, but also as a key player at a center of homeostatic regulatory networks involving direct or indirect interaction with other lipids, proteins and ion fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Fougère
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 5200 CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sebastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 5200 CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 5200 CNRS, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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13
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Gholamzad A, Khakpour N, Khosroshahi EM, Asadi S, Koohpar ZK, Matinahmadi A, Jebali A, Rashidi M, Hashemi M, Sadi FH, Gholamzad M. Cancer stem cells: The important role of CD markers, Signaling pathways, and MicroRNAs. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155227. [PMID: 38490099 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
For the first time, a subset of small cancer cells identified in acute myeloid leukemia has been termed Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). These cells are notorious for their robust proliferation, self-renewal abilities, significant tumor-forming potential, spread, and resistance to treatments. CSCs are a global concern, as it found in numerous types of cancer, posing a real-world challenge today. Our review encompasses research on key CSC markers, signaling pathways, and MicroRNA in three types of cancer: breast, colon, and liver. These factors play a critical role in either promoting or inhibiting cancer cell growth. The reviewed studies have shown that as cells undergo malignant transformation, there can be an increase or decrease in the expression of different Cluster of Differentiation (CD) markers on their surface. Furthermore, alterations in essential signaling pathways, such as Wnt and Notch1, may impact CSC proliferation, survival, and movement, while also providing potential targets for cancer therapies. Additionally, some research has focused on MicroRNAs due to their dual role as potential therapeutic biomarkers and their ability to enhance CSCs' response to anti-cancer drugs. MicroRNAs also regulate a wide array of cellular processes, including the self-renewal and pluripotency of CSCs, and influence gene transcription. Thus, these studies indicate that MicroRNAs play a significant role in the malignancy of various tumors. Although the gathered information suggests that specific CSC markers, signaling pathways, and MicroRNAs are influential in determining the destiny of cancer cells and could be advantageous for therapeutic strategies, their precise roles and impacts remain incompletely defined, necessitating further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Gholamzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khakpour
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Mohandesi Khosroshahi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Asadi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Khazaei Koohpar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences,Tonekabon Branch,Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Arash Matinahmadi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus,Torun,Poland
| | - Ali Jebali
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Deprtment of Medical Nanotechnology,Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology,Tehran Medical Sciences,Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mehrdad Gholamzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Barton LJ, Roa-de la Cruz L, Lehmann R, Lin B. The journey of a generation: advances and promises in the study of primordial germ cell migration. Development 2024; 151:dev201102. [PMID: 38607588 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The germline provides the genetic and non-genetic information that passes from one generation to the next. Given this important role in species propagation, egg and sperm precursors, called primordial germ cells (PGCs), are one of the first cell types specified during embryogenesis. In fact, PGCs form well before the bipotential somatic gonad is specified. This common feature of germline development necessitates that PGCs migrate through many tissues to reach the somatic gonad. During their journey, PGCs must respond to select environmental cues while ignoring others in a dynamically developing embryo. The complex multi-tissue, combinatorial nature of PGC migration is an excellent model for understanding how cells navigate complex environments in vivo. Here, we discuss recent findings on the migratory path, the somatic cells that shepherd PGCs, the guidance cues somatic cells provide, and the PGC response to these cues to reach the gonad and establish the germline pool for future generations. We end by discussing the fate of wayward PGCs that fail to reach the gonad in diverse species. Collectively, this field is poised to yield important insights into emerging reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacy J Barton
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Lorena Roa-de la Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Ruth Lehmann
- Whitehead Institute and Department of Biology, MIT, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Benjamin Lin
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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15
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Chaurasiya V, Nidhina Haridas PA, Olkkonen VM. Adipocyte-endothelial cell interplay in adipose tissue physiology. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116081. [PMID: 38408682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) expansion through hyperplasia or hypertrophy requires vascular remodeling that involves angiogenesis. There is quite some evidence that obese white AT (WAT) displays altered vasculature. Some studies suggest that this is associated with hypoxia, which is thought to play a role in inducing inflammatory activation of the excessively expanding WAT. Increasing evidence, based on genetic manipulations or treatments with inhibitory or activator pharmaceuticals, demonstrates that AT angiogenesis is crucial for AT metabolic function, and thereby for whole body metabolism and metabolic health. Despite some contradiction between studies, disturbance of WAT angiogenesis in obesity could be an important factor driving WAT dysfunction and the comorbidities of obesity. Endothelial cells (ECs) contribute to healthy WAT metabolism via transport of fatty acids and other plasma components, secretory signaling molecules, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). This communication is crucial for adipocyte metabolism and underscores the key role that the AT endothelium plays in systemic energy homeostasis and healthy metabolism. Adipocytes communicate towards the neighboring endothelium through several mechanisms. The pro-inflammatory status of hypertrophic adipocytes in obesity is reflected in ECs activation, which promotes chronic inflammation. On the other hand, adiponectin secreted by the adipocytes is important for healthy endothelial function, and adipocytes also secrete other pro- or anti-angiogenic effector molecules and a wealth of EVs - however, their detailed roles in signaling towards the endothelium are yet poorly understood. To conclude, targeting AT angiogenesis and promoting the healthy communication between adipocytes and ECs represent potentially promising strategies to treat obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Chaurasiya
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - P A Nidhina Haridas
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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16
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Buonfiglio F, Ponto KA, Pfeiffer N, Kahaly GJ, Gericke A. Redox mechanisms in autoimmune thyroid eye disease. Autoimmun Rev 2024:103534. [PMID: 38527685 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition affecting the orbit and the eye with its adnexa, often occurring as an extrathyroidal complication of Graves' disease (GD). Orbital inflammatory infiltration and the stimulation of orbital fibroblasts, triggering de novo adipogenesis, an overproduction of hyaluronan, myofibroblast differentiation, and eventual tissue fibrosis are hallmarks of the disease. Notably, several redox signaling pathways have been shown to intensify inflammation and to promote adipogenesis, myofibroblast differentiation, and fibrogenesis by upregulating potent cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. While existing treatment options can manage symptoms and potentially halt disease progression, they come with drawbacks such as relapses, side effects, and chronic adverse effects on the optic nerve. Currently, several studies shed light on the pathogenetic contributions of emerging factors within immunological cascades and chronic oxidative stress. This review article provides an overview on the latest advancements in understanding the pathophysiology of TED, with a special focus of the interplay between oxidative stress, immunological mechanisms and environmental factors. Furthermore, cutting-edge therapeutic approaches targeting redox mechanisms will be presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonfiglio
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Katharina A Ponto
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - George J Kahaly
- Medicine I (GJK), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University, Mainz, Germany.
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17
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Zheng Y, Gao Y, Zhu W, Bai XG, Qi J. Advances in molecular agents targeting toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways for potential treatment of sepsis. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116300. [PMID: 38452729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by an infection. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is activated by endogenous molecules released by injured or necrotic tissues. Additionally, TLR4 is remarkably sensitive to infection of various bacteria and can rapidly stimulate host defense responses. The TLR4 signaling pathway plays an important role in sepsis by activating the inflammatory response. Accordingly, as part of efforts to improve the inflammatory response and survival rate of patients with sepsis, several drugs have been developed to regulate the inflammatory signaling pathways mediated by TLR4. Inhibition of TLR4 signal transduction can be directed toward either TLR4 directly or other proteins in the TLR4 signaling pathway. Here, we review the advances in the development of small-molecule agents and peptides targeting regulation of the TLR4 signaling pathway, which are characterized according to their structural characteristics as polyphenols, terpenoids, steroids, antibiotics, anthraquinones, inorganic compounds, and others. Therefore, regulating the expression of the TLR4 signaling pathway and modulating its effects has broad prospects as a target for the treatment of lung, liver, kidneys, and other important organs injury in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Zheng
- Medicine College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467000, China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Medicine College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467000, China
| | - Weiru Zhu
- Medicine College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467000, China
| | - Xian-Guang Bai
- Medicine College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467000, China.
| | - Jinxu Qi
- Medicine College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467000, China.
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18
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Coursier D, Calvo F. CAFs vs. TECs: when blood feuds fuel cancer progression, dissemination and therapeutic resistance. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00931-z. [PMID: 38453816 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic progression involves complex interactions between cancer cells and the surrounding stromal milieu, fostering microenvironments that crucially drive tumor progression and dissemination. Of these stromal constituents, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) emerge as predominant inhabitants within the tumor microenvironment (TME), actively shaping multiple facets of tumorigenesis, including cancer cell proliferation, invasiveness, and immune evasion. Notably, CAFs also orchestrate the production of pro-angiogenic factors, fueling neovascularization to sustain the metabolic demands of proliferating cancer cells. Moreover, CAFs may also directly or indirectly affect endothelial cell behavior and vascular architecture, which may impact in tumor progression and responses to anti-cancer interventions. Conversely, tumor endothelial cells (TECs) exhibit a corrupted state that has been shown to affect cancer cell growth and inflammation. Both CAFs and TECs are emerging as pivotal regulators of the TME, engaging in multifaceted biological processes that significantly impact cancer progression, dissemination, and therapeutic responses. Yet, the intricate interplay between these stromal components and the orchestrated functions of each cell type remains incompletely elucidated. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the dynamic interrelationships between CAFs and TECs, discussing the challenges and prospects for leveraging their interactions towards therapeutic advancements in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Coursier
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Cantabria), Santander, Spain
| | - Fernando Calvo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Cantabria), Santander, Spain.
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19
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Al Tarrass M, Belmudes L, Koça D, Azemard V, Liu H, Al Tabosh T, Ciais D, Desroches-Castan A, Battail C, Couté Y, Bouvard C, Bailly S. Large-scale phosphoproteomics reveals activation of the MAPK/GADD45β/P38 axis and cell cycle inhibition in response to BMP9 and BMP10 stimulation in endothelial cells. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:158. [PMID: 38439036 PMCID: PMC10910747 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BMP9 and BMP10 are two major regulators of vascular homeostasis. These two ligands bind with high affinity to the endothelial type I kinase receptor ALK1, together with a type II receptor, leading to the direct phosphorylation of the SMAD transcription factors. Apart from this canonical pathway, little is known. Interestingly, mutations in this signaling pathway have been identified in two rare cardiovascular diseases, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and pulmonary arterial hypertension. METHODS To get an overview of the signaling pathways modulated by BMP9 and BMP10 stimulation in endothelial cells, we employed an unbiased phosphoproteomic-based strategy. Identified phosphosites were validated by western blot analysis and regulated targets by RT-qPCR. Cell cycle analysis was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Large-scale phosphoproteomics revealed that BMP9 and BMP10 treatment induced a very similar phosphoproteomic profile. These BMPs activated a non-canonical transcriptional SMAD-dependent MAPK pathway (MEKK4/P38). We were able to validate this signaling pathway and demonstrated that this activation required the expression of the protein GADD45β. In turn, activated P38 phosphorylated the heat shock protein HSP27 and the endocytosis protein Eps15 (EGF receptor pathway substrate), and regulated the expression of specific genes (E-selectin, hyaluronan synthase 2 and cyclooxygenase 2). This study also highlighted the modulation in phosphorylation of proteins involved in transcriptional regulation (phosphorylation of the endothelial transcription factor ERG) and cell cycle inhibition (CDK4/6 pathway). Accordingly, we found that BMP10 induced a G1 cell cycle arrest and inhibited the mRNA expression of E2F2, cyclinD1 and cyclinA1. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our phosphoproteomic screen identified numerous proteins whose phosphorylation state is impacted by BMP9 and BMP10 treatment, paving the way for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulated by BMP signaling in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Tarrass
- Biosanté Unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, CEA, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Lucid Belmudes
- Grenoble Alpes University, CEA, INSERM, UA13 BGE, CNRS, CEA, FR2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Dzenis Koça
- Biosanté Unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, CEA, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Valentin Azemard
- Biosanté Unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, CEA, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Hequn Liu
- Biosanté Unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, CEA, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Tala Al Tabosh
- Biosanté Unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, CEA, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Delphine Ciais
- Biosanté Unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, CEA, Grenoble, 38000, France
- Present address: Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France
| | | | - Christophe Battail
- Biosanté Unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, CEA, Grenoble, 38000, France
- Grenoble Alpes University, CEA, INSERM, UA13 BGE, CNRS, CEA, FR2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- Grenoble Alpes University, CEA, INSERM, UA13 BGE, CNRS, CEA, FR2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Bouvard
- Biosanté Unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, CEA, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Sabine Bailly
- Biosanté Unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, CEA, Grenoble, 38000, France.
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20
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Jung JY, Shim JH, Cho SH, Bae IH, Yang SH, Kim J, Lim HW, Shin DW. The Anti-Diabetic Pinitol Improves Damaged Fibroblasts. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2024; 32:224-230. [PMID: 38173141 PMCID: PMC10902704 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pinitol (3-O-Methyl-D-chiro-inositol) has been reported to possess insulin-like effects and is known as one of the anti-diabetic agents to improve muscle, liver, and endothelial cells. However, the beneficial effects of pinitol on the skin are not well known. Here, we investigated whether pinitol had effects on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), and human dermal equivalents (HDEs) irradiated with ultraviolet A (UVA), which causes various damages including photodamage in the skin. We observed that pinitol enhanced wound healing in UVA-damaged HDFs. We also found that pinitol significantly antagonized the UVA-induced up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), and the UVA-induced down-regulation of collagen type I and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) in HDEs. Electron microscopy analysis also revealed that pinitol remarkably increased the number of collagen fibrils with regular banding patterns in the dermis of UVA-irradiated human skin equivalents. Pinitol significantly reversed the UVA-induced phosphorylation levels of ERK and JNK but not p38, suggesting that this regulation may be the mechanism underlying the pinitol-mediated effects on UVA-irradiated HDEs. We also observed that pinitol specifically increased Smad3 phosphorylation, which is representative of the TGF-β signaling pathway for collagen synthesis. These data suggest that pinitol exerts several beneficial effects on UVA-induced damaged skin and can be used as a therapeutic agent to improve skin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yong Jung
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Hyun Shim
- Department of Biohealth-Convergence, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hae Cho
- Research Institute for Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hong Bae
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ha Yang
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsick Kim
- Research Institute for Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Lim
- Research Institute for Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Research Institute for Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
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21
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Ponvert N, Johnson MA. Synergid cell calcium oscillations refine understanding of FERONIA/LORELEI signaling during interspecific hybridization. Plant Reprod 2024; 37:57-68. [PMID: 37934279 PMCID: PMC10879309 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Pollen tubes from closely related species and mutants lacking pollen tube MYB transcription factors are able to initiate FER/LRE-dependent synergid cell calcium oscillations. Reproductive isolation leads to the evolution of new species; however, the molecular mechanisms that maintain reproductive barriers between sympatric species are not well defined. In flowering plants, sperm cells are immotile and are delivered to female gametes by the pollen grain. After landing on the stigmatic surface, the pollen grain germinates a polarized extension, the pollen tube, into floral tissue. After growing via polar extension to the female gametes and shuttling its cargo of sperm cells through its cytoplasm, the pollen tube signals its arrival and identity to synergid cells that flank the egg. If signaling is successful, the pollen tube and receptive synergid cell burst, and sperm cells are released for fusion with female gametes. To better understand cell-cell recognition during reproduction and how reproductive barriers are maintained between closely related species, pollen tube-initiated synergid cell calcium ion dynamics were examined during interspecific crosses. It was observed that interspecific pollen tubes successfully trigger synergid cell calcium oscillations-a hallmark of reproductive success-but signaling fails downstream of key signaling genes and sperm are not released. This work further defines pollen tube-synergid cell signaling as a critical block to interspecific hybridization and suggests that the FERONIA/LORELEI signaling mechanism plays multiple parallel roles during pollen tube reception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Ponvert
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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22
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Kadhum WR, Majeed AA, Saleh RO, Ali E, Alhajlah S, Alwaily ER, Mustafa YF, Ghildiyal P, Alawadi A, Alsalamy A. Overcoming drug resistance with specific nano scales to targeted therapy: Focused on metastatic cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155137. [PMID: 38324962 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer, which accounts for the majority of cancer fatalities, is a difficult illness to treat. Currently used cancer treatments include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery, and targeted treatment (immune, gene, and hormonal). The disadvantages of these treatments include a high risk of tumor recurrence and surgical complications that may result in permanent deformities. On the other hand, most chemotherapy drugs are small molecules, which usually have unfavorable side effects, low absorption, poor selectivity, and multi-drug resistance. Anticancer drugs can be delivered precisely to the cancer spot by encapsulating them to reduce side effects. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers can be used for drug release at cancer sites and provide target-specific delivery. As previously stated, metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality. We have evaluated the usage of nano-medications in the treatment of some metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam R Kadhum
- Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Kut 52001, Wasit, Iraq; Advanced research center, Kut University College, Kut 52001, Wasit, Iraq.
| | - Ali A Majeed
- Department of Pathological Analyses, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | - Eyhab Ali
- Pharmacy Department, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Sharif Alhajlah
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Enas R Alwaily
- Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Pallavi Ghildiyal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
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23
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Cañizares E, Acién JM, Gumuş BÖ, Vives-Peris V, González-Guzmán M, Arbona V. Interplay between secondary metabolites and plant hormones in silver nitrate-elicited Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 208:108483. [PMID: 38457948 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Plants produce a myriad of specialized compounds in response to threats such as pathogens or pests and different abiotic factors. The stress-related induction of specialized metabolites can be mimicked using silver nitrate (AgNO3) as an elicitor, which application in conservation agriculture has gained interest. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AgNO3 triggers the accumulation of indole glucosinolates (IGs) and the phytoalexin camalexin as well as pheylpropanoid-derived defensive metabolites such as coumaroylagmatins and scopoletin through a yet unknown mechanism. In this work, the role of jasmonic (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling in the AgNO3-triggered specialized metabolite production was investigated. To attain this objective, AgNO3, MeJA and SA were applied to A. thaliana lines impaired in JA or SA signaling, or affected in the endogenous levels of IGs and AGs. Metabolomics data indicated that AgNO3 elicitation required an intact JA and SA signaling to elicit the metabolic response, although mutants impaired in hormone signaling retained certain capacity to induce specialized metabolites. In turn, plants overproducing or abolishing IGs production had also an altered hormonal signaling response, both in the accumulation of signaling molecules and the molecular response mechanisms (ORA59, PDF1.2, VSP2 and PR1 gene expression), which pointed out to a crosstalk between defense hormones and specialized metabolites. The present work provides evidence of a crosstalk mechanism between JA and SA underlying AgNO3 defense metabolite elicitation in A. thaliana. In this mechanism, IGs would act as retrograde feedback signals dampening the hormonal response; hence, expanding the signaling molecule concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cañizares
- Dept. Biologia, Bioquímica I Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de La Plana, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Acién
- Dept. Biologia, Bioquímica I Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de La Plana, Spain
| | - Berivan Özlem Gumuş
- Dept. Biologia, Bioquímica I Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de La Plana, Spain
| | - Vicente Vives-Peris
- Dept. Biologia, Bioquímica I Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de La Plana, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Guzmán
- Dept. Biologia, Bioquímica I Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de La Plana, Spain.
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Dept. Biologia, Bioquímica I Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de La Plana, Spain.
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24
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Shomali A, De Diego N, Zhou R, Abdelhakim L, Vrobel O, Tarkowski P, Aliniaeifard S, Kamrani YY, Ji Y, Ottosen CO. The crosstalk of far-red energy and signaling defines the regulation of photosynthesis, growth, and flowering in tomatoes. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 208:108458. [PMID: 38408395 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of light intensity and signaling on the regulation of far-red (FR)-induced alteration in photosynthesis. The low (LL: 440 μmol m-2 s-1) and high (HL: 1135 μmol m-2 s-1) intensity of white light with or without FR (LLFR: 545 μmol m-2 s-1 including 115 μmol m-2 s-1; HLFR: 1254 μmol m-2 s-1 + 140 μmol m-2 s-1) was applied on the tomato cultivar (Solanum Lycopersicon cv. Moneymaker) and mutants of phytochrome A (phyA) and phytochrome B (phyB1, and phyB2). Both light intensity and FR affected plant morphological traits, leaf biomass, and flowering time. Irrespective of genotype, flowering was delayed by LLFR and accelerated by HLFR compared to the corresponding light intensity without FR. In LLFR, a reduced energy flux through the electron transfer chain along with a reduced energy dissipation per reaction center improved the maximum quantum yield of PSII, irrespective of genotype. HLFR increased net photosynthesis and gas exchange properties in a genotype-dependent manner. FR-dependent regulation of hormones was affected by light signaling. It appeared that PHYB affected the levels of abscisic acid and salicylic acid while PHYA took part in the regulation of CK in FR-exposed plants. Overall, light intensity and signaling of FR influenced plants' photosynthesis and growth by altering electron transport, gas exchange, and changes in the level of endogenous hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Shomali
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, 3391653755, Iran.
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Food Science- Plant, Food & Climate, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lamis Abdelhakim
- Department of Food Science- Plant, Food & Climate, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Ondřej Vrobel
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, 3391653755, Iran
| | - Yousef Yari Kamrani
- Institute of Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yongran Ji
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands
| | - Carl-Otto Ottosen
- Department of Food Science- Plant, Food & Climate, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
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25
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Zou L, Su Z, Pan C, Xie H, Li S, Qin J. Inhibition of DCUN1D1 attenuates periodontitis by suppressing NF-κB signaling. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00902-8. [PMID: 38393516 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling-mediated inflammation contributes greatly to the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Neddylation, a ubiquitin-like posttranslational modification, is known to regulate NF-κB signaling. DCUN1D1 (defective in cullin neddylation 1 domain containing 1) is a critical factor in neddylation and has been shown to regulate NF-κB activation. However, the previse roles of DCUN1D1 in periodontitis are not fully elucidated. To explore the roles of DCUN1D1 in periodontitis, the expression of DCUN1D1 was measured in gingival tissues of patients with periodontitis. We inhibited DCUN1D1 by siRNA knocking down or using inhibitor in gingival fibroblasts and the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, and activation of NF-κB were measured. The expression of DCUN1D1 was increased in gingival tissues of patients with periodontitis. Knocking down or inhibiting DCUN1D1 suppressed LPS-induced production of IL-6 and TNF-α, decreased NF-κB activity, and inhibited LPS-induced activation of NF-κB. Inhibiting DCUN1D1 ameliorates periodontitis by suppressing NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zou
- Department of Endodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, No. 389 Youyi Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijian Su
- Department of Endodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, No. 389 Youyi Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Pan
- Department of Endodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, No. 389 Youyi Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Honghui Xie
- Department of Endodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, No. 389 Youyi Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shuangjing Li
- Department of Endodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, No. 389 Youyi Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Endodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, No. 389 Youyi Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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26
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Sulieman S, Sheteiwy MS, Abdelrahman M, Tran LSP. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) in N 2-fixing-legume symbiosis: Metabolic flux and carbon/nitrogen homeostasis in responses to abiotic constraints. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 207:108362. [PMID: 38266561 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Nodule symbiosis is an energetic process that demands a tremendous carbon (C) cost, which massively increases in responses to environmental stresses. Notably, most common respiratory pathways (e.g., glycolysis and Krebs cycle) that sustain nitrogenase activity and subsequent nitrogen (N) assimilation (amino acid formation) display a noncyclic mode of C flux. In such circumstances, the nodule's energy charge could markedly decrease, leading to a lower symbiotic activity under stresses. The host plant then attempts to induce alternative robust metabolic pathways to minimize the C expenditure and compensate for the loss in respiratory substrates. GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) shunt appears to be among the highly conserved metabolic bypass induced in responses to stresses. Thus, it can be suggested that GABA, via its primary biosynthetic pathway (GABA shunt), is simultaneously induced to circumvent stress-susceptible decarboxylating portion of the Krebs cycle and to replenish symbiosome with energy and C skeletons for enhancing nitrogenase activity and N assimilation besides the additional C costs expended in the metabolic stress acclimations (e.g., biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and excretion of anions). The GABA-mediated C/N balance is strongly associated with interrelated processes, including pH regulation, oxygen (O2) protection, osmoregulation, cellular redox control, and N storage. Furthermore, it has been anticipated that GABA could be implicated in other functions beyond its metabolic role (i.e., signaling and transport). GABA helps plants possess remarkable metabolic plasticity, which might thus assist nodules in attenuating stressful events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Sulieman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, 13314, Shambat, Khartoum North, Sudan.
| | - Mohamed S Sheteiwy
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, TX, 79409, USA.
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27
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Bacher S, Schmitz ML. Open questions in the NF-κB field. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2024; 1871:119469. [PMID: 37951506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
A variety of stress signals leads to activation of the inducible transcription factor NF-κB, one of the master regulators of the innate immune response. Despite a wealth of information available on the NF-κB core components and its control by different activation pathways and negative feedback loops, several levels of complexity hamper our understanding of the system. This has also contributed to the limited success of NF-κB inhibitors in the clinic and explains some of their unexpected effects. Here we consider the molecular and cellular events generating this complexity at all levels and point to a number of unresolved questions in the field. We also discuss potential future experimental and computational strategies to provide a deeper understanding of NF-κB and its coregulatory signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bacher
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen (Germany), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen (Germany), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.
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28
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Hourani T, Eivazitork M, Balendran T, Mc Lee K, Hamilton JA, Zhu HJ, Iaria J, Morokoff AP, Luwor RB, Achuthan AA. Signaling pathways underlying TGF-β mediated suppression of IL-12A gene expression in monocytes. Mol Immunol 2024; 166:101-109. [PMID: 38278031 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine essential for multiple biological processes, including the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. One of the important functions of TGF-β is the suppression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12), which is crucial for mounting an anti-tumorigenic response. Although the regulation of the IL-12p40 subunit (encoded by the IL-12B gene) of IL-12 has been extensively investigated, the knowledge of IL-12p35 (encoded by IL-12A gene) subunit regulation is relatively limited. This study investigates the molecular regulation of IL-12A by TGF-β-activated signaling pathways in THP-1 monocytes. Our study identifies a complex regulation of IL-12A gene expression by TGF-β, which involves multiple cellular signaling pathways, such as Smad2/3, NF-κB, p38 and JNK1/2. Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB signaling decreased IL-12A expression, while blocking the Smad2/3 signaling pathway by overexpression of Smad7 and inhibiting JNK1/2 signaling with a pharmacological inhibitor, SP600125, increased its expression. The elucidated signaling pathways that regulate IL-12A gene expression potentially provide new therapeutic targets to increase IL-12 levels in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Hourani
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mahtab Eivazitork
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Thivya Balendran
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kevin Mc Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Josephine Iaria
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia; Federation University, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Adrian A Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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Balbuena MS, Buchmann SL, Papaj DR, Raguso RA. Organ-specific volatiles from Sonoran desert Krameria flowers as potential signals for oil-collecting bees. Phytochemistry 2024; 218:113937. [PMID: 38035972 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of flowers that offer oils as rewards and are pollinated by specialized bees represents a distinctive theme in plant-pollinator co-diversification. Some plants that offer acetylated glycerols as floral oils emit diacetin, a volatile by-product of oil metabolism, which is utilized by oil-collecting bees as an index signal for the presence of floral oil. However, floral oils in the genus Krameria (Krameriaceae) contain β-acetoxy-substituted fatty acids instead of acetylated glycerols, making them unlikely to emit diacetin as an oil-bee attractant. We analyzed floral headspace composition from K. bicolor and K. erecta, native to the Sonoran Desert of southwestern North America, in search of alternative candidates for volatile index signals. Using solid-phase microextraction, combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we identified 26 and 45 floral volatiles, respectively, from whole flowers and dissected flower parts of these two Krameria species. As expected, diacetin was not detected. Instead, β-ionone emerged as a strong candidate for an index signal, as it was uniquely present in dissected oil-producing floral tissues (elaiophores) of K. bicolor, as well as the larval cells and provisions from its oil-bee pollinator, Centris cockerelli. This finding suggests that the floral oil of K. bicolor is perfused with β-ionone in its tissue of origin and retains the distinctive raspberry-like scent of this volatile after being harvested by C. cockerelli bees. In contrast, the elaiophores of K. erecta, which are not thought to be pollinated by C. cockerelli, produced a blend of anise-related oxygenated aromatics not found in the elaiophores of K. bicolor. Our findings suggest that β-ionone has the potential to impact oil-foraging by C. cockerelli bees through several potential mechanisms, including larval imprinting on scented provisions or innate or learned preferences by foraging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sol Balbuena
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Stephen L Buchmann
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Daniel R Papaj
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Robert A Raguso
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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30
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Afridi MS, Kumar A, Javed MA, Dubey A, de Medeiros FHV, Santoyo G. Harnessing root exudates for plant microbiome engineering and stress resistance in plants. Microbiol Res 2024; 279:127564. [PMID: 38071833 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses adversely affect plant's growth and production. Under stress, one of the main responses of plants is the modulation of exudates excreted in the rhizosphere, which consequently leads to alterations in the resident microbiota. Thus, the exudates discharged into the rhizospheric environment play a preponderant role in the association and formation of plant-microbe interactions. In this review, we aimed to provide a synthesis of the latest and most pertinent literature on the diverse biochemical and structural compositions of plant root exudates. Also, this work investigates into their multifaceted role in microbial nutrition and intricate signaling processes within the rhizosphere, which includes quorum-sensing molecules. Specifically, it explores the contributions of low molecular weight compounds, such as carbohydrates, phenolics, organic acids, amino acids, and secondary metabolites, as well as the significance of high molecular weight compounds, including proteins and polysaccharides. It also discusses the state-of-the-art omics strategies that unveil the vital role of root exudates in plant-microbiome interactions, including defense against pathogens like nematodes and fungi. We propose multiple challenges and perspectives, including exploiting plant root exudates for host-mediated microbiome engineering. In this discourse, root exudates and their derived interactions with the rhizospheric microbiota should receive greater attention due to their positive influence on plant health and stress mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Siddique Afridi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Lavras, CP3037, 37200-900 Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar 470003, MP, India
| | - Muhammad Ammar Javed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Anamika Dubey
- Metagenomics and Secretomics Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar 470003, MP, India
| | | | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 58030 Morelia, Mexico.
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Björkman L, Forsman H, Bergqvist L, Dahlgren C, Sundqvist M. Larixol is not an inhibitor of Gα i containing G proteins and lacks effect on signaling mediated by human neutrophil expressed formyl peptide receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115995. [PMID: 38151076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils express several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) connected to intracellular Gαi or Gαq containing G proteins for down-stream signaling. To dampen GPCR mediated inflammatory processes, several inhibitors targeting the receptors and/or their down-stream signals, have been developed. Potent and selective inhibitors for Gαq containing G proteins are available, but potent and specific inhibitors of Gαi containing G proteins are lacking. Recently, Larixol, a compound extracted from the root of Euphorbia formosana, was shown to abolish human neutrophil functions induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF), an agonist recognized by formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) which couple to Gαi containing G proteins. The inhibitory effect was suggested to be due to interference with/inhibition of signals transmitted by βγ complexes of the Gαi containing G proteins coupled to FPR1. In this study, we applied Larixol, obtained from two different commercial sources, to determine the receptor- and G protein- selectivity of this compound in human neutrophils. However, our data show that Larixol not only lacks inhibitory effect on neutrophil responses mediated through FPR1, but also on responses mediated through FPR2, a Gαi coupled GPCR closely related to FPR1. Furthermore, Larixol did not display any features as a selective inhibitor of neutrophil responses mediated through the Gαq coupled GPCRs for platelet activating factor and ATP. Hence, our results imply that the inhibitory effects described for the root extract of Euphorbia formosana are not mediated by Larixol and that the search for a selective inhibitor of G protein dependent signals generated by Gαi coupled neutrophil GPCRs must continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Björkman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Bergqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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32
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Ponce de León I. Evolution of immunity networks across embryophytes. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2024; 77:102450. [PMID: 37704543 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Land plants (embryophytes), including vascular (tracheophytes) and non-vascular plants (bryophytes), co-evolved with microorganisms since descendants of an algal ancestor colonized terrestrial habitats around 500 million years ago. To cope with microbial pathogen infections, embryophytes evolved a complex immune system for pathogen perception and activation of defenses. With the growing number of sequenced genomes and transcriptome datasets from algae, bryophytes, tracheophytes, and available plant models, comparative analyses are increasing our understanding of the evolution of molecular mechanisms underpinning immune responses in different plant lineages. In this review, recent progress on plant immunity networks is highlighted with emphasis on the identification of key components that shaped immunity against pathogens in bryophytes compared to angiosperms during plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Ponce de León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Avenida Italia 3318, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Vikár S, Szilveszter KP, Koszorú K, Sárdy M, Mócsai A. The Syk Inhibitor Entospletinib Abolishes Dermal-Epidermal Separation in a Fully Human Ex Vivo Model of Bullous Pemphigoid. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00080-0. [PMID: 38296021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoantibody-mediated blistering skin disease characterized by local inflammation and dermal-epidermal separation, with no approved targeted therapy. The Syk tyrosine kinase is critical for various functions of the immune response. Second-generation Syk inhibitors such as entospletinib are currently being tested for hematological malignancies. Our aim was to test the effect of entospletinib in a fully human model system of BP. Incubating BP serum-treated human frozen skin sections with normal human granulocytes and fresh plasma triggered dermal-epidermal separation that was dependent on complement, NADPH oxidase, and protease activity. Entospletinib dramatically reduced dermal-epidermal separation with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of ≈16 nM. Entospletinib also reduced ROS production, granule release, and spreading of human granulocytes plated on immobilized immune complexes consisting either of a generic antigen-antibody pair or of recombinant collagen type XVII (BPAg2) and BP serum components (supposedly autoantibodies). However, entospletinib did not affect the chemotactic migration of human granulocytes or their responses to nonphysiological stimulation by phorbol esters. Entospletinib had no effect on the survival of granulocytes either. Taken together, entospletinib abrogates dermal-epidermal separation, likely through inhibition of granulocyte responsiveness to deposited immune complexes. Entospletinib or other Syk inhibitors may provide therapeutic benefits in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Vikár
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata P Szilveszter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kamilla Koszorú
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Sárdy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; HUN-REN-SU Inflammation Physiology Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Wyler S, Surbhi, Cao N, Merchant W, Bookout A, Gautron L. Gpr149 is involved in energy homeostasis in the male mouse. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16739. [PMID: 38282864 PMCID: PMC10822134 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
GPR149 is an orphan receptor about which little is known. Accordingly, in the present study, we mapped the tissue expression of Gpr149 in mice using three complementary approaches: quantitative PCR, in situ hybridization, and a newly generated Gpr149-Cre reporter mouse model. The strongest expressions of Gpr149 were observed in neurons of the islands of Calleja, the ventromedial hypothalamus, and the rostral interpeduncular nucleus. Moderate-to-low expression was also observed in the basal forebrain, striatum, hypothalamus, brainstem, and spinal cord. Some Gpr149 expression was also detected in the primary afferent neurons, enteric neurons, and pituitary endocrine cells. This expression pattern is consistent with the involvement of GPR149 signaling in the regulation of energy balance. To explore the physiological function of GPR149 in vivo, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate a global knockout allele with mice lacking Gpr149 exon 1. Preliminary metabolic findings indicated that Gpr149-/- mice partially resist weight gain when fed with a high-fat diet and have greater sensitivity to insulin than control mice. In summary, our data may serve as a resource for future in vivo studies on GPR149 in the context of diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Wyler
- Internal Medicine and Center for Hypothalamic Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Surbhi
- Internal Medicine and Center for Hypothalamic Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Newton Cao
- Internal Medicine and Center for Hypothalamic Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Warda Merchant
- Internal Medicine and Center for Hypothalamic Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Angie Bookout
- Internal Medicine and Center for Hypothalamic Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Laurent Gautron
- Internal Medicine and Center for Hypothalamic Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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35
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Zhang Z, Liu J, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhou T, Huang Y, Zhu T. Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling Mediates Gastritis and Gastric Cancer. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:CMM-EPUB-137121. [PMID: 38204278 DOI: 10.2174/0115665240276139231206071742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The stomach is a crucial digestive organ in the human body, highly susceptible to inflammation or pathogen invasion, which can lead to various gastric diseases, including gastric cancer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the first line of defense against pathogen invasion. TLR4, a member of the TLRs family, recognizes pathogen and danger-related molecular patterns to induce inflammatory responses. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a significant factor in gastric health, and TLR4 recognizes H. pylori -LPS to trigger an inflammatory response. Downstream TLR4 signaling generates proinflammatory cytokines that initiate inflammation in the gastric mucosa. In addition, TLR4 gene polymorphisms can increase health risks. This study aims to investigate the contribution of TLR4 to the inflammatory response in gastric diseases and the relation between TLR4 and H. pylori, TLR4 gene polymorphisms, and how TLR4 affects gastric diseases' possible pathways to provide further insight for future prevention and clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Zhang
- Department of pharmacy, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Department of pharmacy, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of pharmacy, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of pharmacy, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of pharmacy, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of pharmacy, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Tongtong Zhu
- Department of pharmacy, Kunshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Suzhou, China
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36
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Møller TC, Moo EV, Inoue A, Pedersen MF, Bräuner-Osborne H. Characterization of the real-time internalization of nine GPCRs reveals distinct dependence on arrestins and G proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2024; 1871:119584. [PMID: 37714305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are seven transmembrane receptors that respond to external stimuli and undergo conformational changes to activate G proteins and modulate cellular processes leading to biological outcomes. To prevent overstimulation and prolonged exposure to stimuli, GPCRs are regulated by internalization. While the canonical GPCR internalization mechanism in mammalian cells is arrestin-dependent, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, more diverse GPCR internalization mechanisms have been described over the years. However, there is a lack of consistent methods used in the literature making it complicated to determine a receptor's internalization pathway. Here, we utilized a highly efficient time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) internalization assay to determine the internalization profile of nine distinct GPCRs representing the GPCR classes A, B and C and with different G protein coupling profiles. This technique, coupled with clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) engineered knockout cells allows us to effectively study the involvement of heterotrimeric G proteins and non-visual arrestins. We found that all the nine receptors internalized upon agonist stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner and six receptors showed basal internalization. Yet, there is no correlation between the receptor class and primary G protein coupling to the arrestin and G protein dependence for GPCR internalization. Overall, this study presents a platform for studying internalization that is applicable to most GPCRs and may even be extended to other membrane proteins. This method can be easily applicable to other endocytic machinery of interest and ultimately will lend itself towards the construction of comprehensive receptor internalization profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor C Møller
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ee Von Moo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mie F Pedersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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37
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Seth T, Asija S, Umar S, Gupta R. The intricate role of lipids in orchestrating plant defense responses. Plant Sci 2024; 338:111904. [PMID: 37925973 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to a variety of pests and pathogens that reduce crop productivity. Plants respond to such attacks by activating a sophisticated signaling cascade that initiates with the recognition of pests/pathogens and may culminate into a resistance response. Lipids, being the structural components of cellular membranes, function as mediators of these signaling cascades and thus are instrumental in the regulation of plant defense responses. Accumulating evidence indicates that various lipids such as oxylipins, phospholipids, glycolipids, glycerolipids, sterols, and sphingolipids, among others, are involved in mediating cell signaling during plant-pathogen interaction with each lipid exhibiting a specific biological relevance, follows a distinct biosynthetic mechanism, and contributes to specific signaling cascade(s). Omics studies have further confirmed the involvement of lipid biosynthetic enzymes including the family of phospholipases in the production of defense signaling molecules subsequent to pathogen attack. Lipids participate in stress signaling by (1) mediating the signal transduction, (2) acting as precursors for bioactive molecules, (3) regulating ROS formation, and (4) interacting with various phytohormones to orchestrate the defense response in plants. In this review, we present the biosynthetic pathways of different lipids, their specific functions, and their intricate roles upstream and downstream of phytohormones under pathogen attack to get a deeper insight into the molecular mechanism of lipids-mediated regulation of defense responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanashvi Seth
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sejal Asija
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, South Korea.
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38
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Santos-Merino M, Sakkos JK, Singh AK, Ducat DC. Coordination of carbon partitioning and photosynthesis by a two-component signaling network in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. Metab Eng 2024; 81:38-52. [PMID: 37925065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms need to balance the rate of photosynthesis with the utilization of photosynthetic products by downstream reactions. While such "source/sink" pathways are well-interrogated in plants, analogous regulatory systems are unknown or poorly studied in single-celled algal and cyanobacterial species. Towards the identification of energy/sugar sensors in cyanobacteria, we utilized an engineered strain of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 that allows experimental manipulation of carbon status. We conducted a screening of all two-component systems (TCS) and serine/threonine kinases (STKs) encoded in S. elongatus PCC 7942 by analyzing phenotypes consistent with sucrose-induced relaxation of sink inhibition. We narrowed the candidate sensor proteins by analyzing changes observed after sucrose feeding. We show that a clustered TCS network containing RpaA, CikB, ManS and NblS are involved in the regulation of genes related to photosynthesis, pigment synthesis, and Rubisco concentration in response to sucrose. Altogether, these results highlight a regulatory TCS group that may play under-appreciated functions in carbon partitioning and energy balancing in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Santos-Merino
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Jonathan K Sakkos
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Amit K Singh
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Daniel C Ducat
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States.
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39
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Lee KT, Liao HS, Hsieh MH. Glutamine Metabolism, Sensing and Signaling in Plants. Plant Cell Physiol 2023; 64:1466-1481. [PMID: 37243703 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine (Gln) is the first amino acid synthesized in nitrogen (N) assimilation in plants. Gln synthetase (GS), converting glutamate (Glu) and NH4+ into Gln at the expense of ATP, is one of the oldest enzymes in all life domains. Plants have multiple GS isoenzymes that work individually or cooperatively to ensure that the Gln supply is sufficient for plant growth and development under various conditions. Gln is a building block for protein synthesis and an N-donor for the biosynthesis of amino acids, nucleic acids, amino sugars and vitamin B coenzymes. Most reactions using Gln as an N-donor are catalyzed by Gln amidotransferase (GAT) that hydrolyzes Gln to Glu and transfers the amido group of Gln to an acceptor substrate. Several GAT domain-containing proteins of unknown function in the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana suggest that some metabolic fates of Gln have yet to be identified in plants. In addition to metabolism, Gln signaling has emerged in recent years. The N regulatory protein PII senses Gln to regulate arginine biosynthesis in plants. Gln promotes somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis with unknown mechanisms. Exogenous Gln has been implicated in activating stress and defense responses in plants. Likely, Gln signaling is responsible for some of the new Gln functions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Teng Lee
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, The Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiun Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, The Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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40
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Bamra T, Shafi T, Das S, Kumar M, Das P. Leishmania donovani mevalonate kinase regulates host actin for inducing phagocytosis. Biochimie 2023; 220:31-38. [PMID: 38123120 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite the well-established role of macrophages in phagocytosing Leishmania, the contribution of the parasite to this process is not well understood. Present study provides insights into the mechanism underlying the MVK-induced entry of L. donovani and improve our knowledge of host-pathogen interactions. We have discussed Mevalonate kinase (MVK)-induced actin reorganization, modulation of signaling pathways and host cell functions. Our results show that LdMVK gains access to macrophage cytosol and induces actin assembly modulation through the activation of actin-related proteins: VASP, Src and ERM. We have also demonstrated that LdMVK induces Ca2+ signaling and Akt pathway in macrophages, which are critical components of Leishmania survival and proliferation. Interestingly, we found that antibodies against LdMVK can kill Leishmania-infected macrophages in culture by forming extracellular traps, highlighting the potential of LdMVK in inhibiting parasite death. Overall, LdMVK is a virulent factor in Leishmania that mediates parasite internalization and host modulation by targeting host proteins phosphorylation and calcium homeostasis having significant implications in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Bamra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar, 800 007, India.
| | - Taj Shafi
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar, 800 007, India.
| | - Sushmita Das
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Phulwarisharif, Patna, Bihar, 801 507, India.
| | - Manjay Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar, 800 007, India.
| | - Pradeep Das
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar, 800 007, India; Division of Parasitology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beleghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 010, India.
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Chu GJ, Bailey CG, Nagarajah R, Sagnella SM, Adelstein S, Rasko JEJ. The 4-1BBζ costimulatory domain in chimeric antigen receptors enhances CD8+ T-cell functionality following T-cell receptor stimulation. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:327. [PMID: 38105188 PMCID: PMC10726568 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells have revolutionized the treatment of CD19- and B-cell maturation antigen-positive haematological malignancies. However, the effect of a CAR construct on the function of T-cells stimulated via their endogenous T-cell receptors (TCRs) has yet to be comprehensively investigated. METHODS Experiments were performed to systematically assess TCR signalling and function in CAR T-cells using anti-mesothelin human CAR T-cells as a model system. CAR T-cells expressing the CD28 or 4-1BB costimulatory endodomains were manufactured and compared to both untransduced T-cells and CAR T-cells with a non-functional endodomain. These cell products were treated with staphylococcal enterotoxin B to stimulate the TCR, and in vitro functional assays were performed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Increased proliferation, CD69 expression and IFNγ production were identified in CD8+ 4-1BBζ CAR T-cells compared to control untransduced CD8+ T-cells. These functional differences were associated with higher levels of phosphorylated ZAP70 after stimulation. In addition, these functional differences were associated with a differing immunophenotype, with a more than two-fold increase in central memory cells in CD8+ 4-1BBζ CAR T-cell products. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the 4-1BBζ CAR enhances CD8+ TCR-mediated function. This could be beneficial if the TCR targets epitopes on malignant tissues or infectious agents, but detrimental if the TCR targets autoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard J Chu
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Charles G Bailey
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Cancer & Gene Regulation Laboratory Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Rajini Nagarajah
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon M Sagnella
- Cell & Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Adelstein
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John E J Rasko
- Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Cell & Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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Liu Y, Zhang W, Jang H, Nussinov R. SHP2 clinical phenotype, cancer, or RASopathies, can be predicted by mutant conformational propensities. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 81:5. [PMID: 38085330 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
SHP2 phosphatase promotes full activation of the RTK-dependent Ras/MAPK pathway. Its mutations can drive cancer and RASopathies, a group of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Here we ask how same residue mutations in SHP2 can lead to both cancer and NDD phenotypes, and whether we can predict what the outcome will be. We collected and analyzed mutation data from the literature and cancer databases and performed molecular dynamics simulations of SHP2 mutants. We show that both cancer and Noonan syndrome (NS, a RASopathy) mutations favor catalysis-prone conformations. As to cancer versus RASopathies, we demonstrate that cancer mutations are more likely to accelerate SHP2 activation than the NS mutations at the same genomic loci, in line with NMR data for K-Ras4B more aggressive mutations. The compiled experimental data and dynamic features of SHP2 mutants lead us to propose that different from strong oncogenic mutations, SHP2 activation by NS mutations is less likely to induce a transition of the ensemble from the SHP2 inactive state to the active state. Strong signaling promotes cell proliferation, a hallmark of cancer. Weak, or moderate signals are associated with differentiation. In embryonic neural cells, dysregulated differentiation is connected to NDDs. Our innovative work offers structural guidelines for identifying and correlating mutations with clinical outcomes, and an explanation for why bearers of RASopathy mutations may have a higher probability of cancer. Finally, we propose a drug strategy against SHP2 variants-promoting cancer and RASopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglan Liu
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Wengang Zhang
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Mohammad Nezhady MA, Bajon E, Chemtob S. Disentangling the nonmetabolic roles of metabolites: lactate as a case study. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:786-788. [PMID: 37739879 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Many metabolites possess covalent and noncovalent signaling functions. However, ongoing research considers them mostly as ligands, neglecting their potential involvement in post-translational modifications. In this forum article, we discuss the dual signaling functions of metabolites, using lactate as a case study, and advocate for the use of multiple complementary techniques to disentangle their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Mohammad Nezhady
- Program in Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Center of Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Emmanuel Bajon
- Research Center of Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Program in Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Center of Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Saghazadeh A. Exploring the pharmacological versatility of ficus carica: Modulating classical immunometabolism and beyond. Pharmacol Res 2023; 198:107010. [PMID: 37995897 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The burden of metabolic disorders is alarmingly increasing globally. On the other hand, sustainability is the key project of the 21st century. Natural products offer a coherent option for the complementary management of both these challenges. Ficus carica (FC), commonly known as the fig fruit, has an experimentally proven potency for the modulation of cell cycle, immunity, inflammation, metabolism, and oxidative stress. Here, we review the potential of FC-derived products (FCDP) in slowing down the progression of cancers, acute/chronic inflammation-related conditions, infections, metabolic disorders, toxicities, neurological and neuromuscular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, vascular diseases, and skin-stressing conditions, as well as, in boosting normal healthy functions of the endocrine, immune, metabolic, and nervous systems. It reveals a variety of cellular and molecular targets for FCDP: cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-γ), chemokines (CCL2), other inflammatory mediators (CRP, PGE2), immune receptors (TLR-2, TLR-4, FcεRI), oxidative stress-related markers (SOD, GSH, MDA, GPx, catalase, ROS, NO, protein carbonyls), kinases (MAPKs, hexokinase, G6Pase, FBPase, PEPCK, Akt, AMPK, GSK3, CDKs), other enzymes (COX-2, iNOS, MMPs, caspases), growth factors/receptors (VEGF, EGFR), hormones (DHEAS, prolactin, GnRH, FSH, LH, estradiol, DHT, insulin), cell death-related markers (Bcl-2, Bax, Bak, FasL, gasdermins, cytochrome C), glucose transporter protein (Glut4), and transcription factors (NF-κB, HNF-4α, Foxo, PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, CREB, NFATC1, STAT3). FCDP cause both activation and inhibition of AMPK, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling to confer condition-specific advantages. Such a broad-range activity might be attributed to different mechanisms of action of FCDP in modulating functions within the classical immunometabolic system, but also beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amene Saghazadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Nakamura M, Shimizu T. Therapeutic target of leukotriene B 4 receptors, BLT1 and BLT2: Insights from basic research. Biochimie 2023; 215:60-68. [PMID: 37423557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a lipid mediator rapidly generated from arachidonic acid in response to various stimuli. This lipid mediator exerts its biological activities by binding to cognate receptors. Two LTB4 receptors have been cloned; BLT1 and BLT2 as a high- and a low-affinity receptors, respectively. In numerous analyses, physiological and pathophysiological importance of LTB4 and cognate receptors in various diseases has been clarified. For example, disruption of the BLT1 gene or treatment with blockers for this receptor reduced various diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and bronchial asthma in mice, in contrast BLT2 deficiency facilitated several diseases in the small intestine and the skin. These data support the idea that BLT1 blockers and BLT2 agonists could be useful for the cure of these diseases. Thus, various drugs targeting each receptor are being developed by many pharmaceutical companies. In this review, we focus on our current knowledge of the biosynthesis and physiological roles of LTB4 through cognate receptors. We further describe the effects of these receptor deficiencies on several pathophysiological conditions, including the potential of LTB4 receptors as therapeutic targets for the cure of the diseases. Moreover, current information on the structure and post-translational modification of BLT1 and BLT2 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonao Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan.
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan; Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
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Spirov A. Evolution of the RNA world: From signals to codes. Biosystems 2023; 234:105043. [PMID: 37852409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The accumulated material in evolutionary biology, greatly enhanced by the achievements of modern synthetic biology, allows us to envision certain key hypothetical stages of prebiotic (chemical) evolution. This is often understood as the further evolution in the RNA World towards the RNA-protein World. It is a path towards the emergence of translation and the genetic code (I), signaling pathways with signaling molecules (II), and the appearance of RNA-based components of future gene regulatory networks (III). We believe that these evolutionary paths can be constructively viewed from the perspective of the concept of biological codes (Barbieri, 2003). Crucial evolutionary events in these directions would involve the emergence of RNA-based adaptors. Such adaptors connect two families of functionally and chemically distinct molecules into one functional entity. The emergence of primitive translation processes is undoubtedly the major milestone in the evolutionary path towards modern life. The key aspect here is the appearance of adaptors between amino acids and their cognate triplet codons. The initial steps are believed to involve the emergence of proto-transfer RNAs capable of self-aminoacylation. The second significant evolutionary breakthrough is the development of biochemical regulatory networks based on signaling molecules of the RNA World (ribonucleotides and their derivatives), as well as receptors and effectors (riboswitches) for these messengers. Some authors refer to this as the "lost language of the RNA World." The third evolutionary step is the emergence of signal sequences for ribozymes on the molecules of their RNA targets. This level of regulation in the RNA World is comparable to the gene regulatory networks of modern organisms. We believe that the signal sequences on target molecules have been rediscovered and developed by evolution into the gene regulatory networks of modern cells. In conclusion, the immense diversity of modern biological codes, in some of its key characteristics, can be traced back to the achievements of prebiotic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Spirov
- The Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences RAS, Moscow, Russia.
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47
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Tripathy MK, Roux SJ. Role of calcium in regulating key steps in phytochrome-induced signaling pathways. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2023; 29:1875-1879. [PMID: 38222279 PMCID: PMC10784251 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A major focus in the field of signal transduction pathways in plants has been the role of calcium ions in mediating diverse sensory responses. Among these responses, those initiated by the red-light activated photoreceptor, phytochrome have received increasing attention in recent years. Although not all phytochrome responses are mediated by calcium, many of them are, and a number of recent publications have clarified just how calcium helps to transduce some of the transcriptomic changes induced by phytochrome. Many of these publications reference Dr. Sopory's laboratory as an important contributor to the initial data documenting that an early step in the signaling pathways induced by phytochrome was an increased uptake of calcium into cells. This review summarizes the strong evidence that calcium-dependent steps play a major role in transducing phytochrome-initiated responses, and it updates the latest reports on specific steps in some phytochrome responses that are dependent on the mediation of calcium-binding protein kinases and calmodulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas K. Tripathy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Stanley J. Roux
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
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Fan X, Qin R, Yuan W, Fan JS, Lin Z. Chemical shift assignments of wildtype human leptin. Biomol NMR Assign 2023; 17:265-268. [PMID: 37796383 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-023-10153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipose tissue-expressed 16-kDa hormone encoded by the ob/ob gene. It serves a crucial role in regulating diverse physiological processes, including body weight control, energy homeostasis regulation, promotion of cell proliferation, and more. Emerging research has also revealed potential implications of leptin in various aging-related diseases, suggesting multifaceted physiological roles of leptin. Structural investigation of wild-type leptin in apo form is of particular importance to understand its conformational plasticity for receptor interaction and recognition. Here, we report backbone and side-chain resonance assignments of wild-type human leptin as a basis for structural and functional studies on leptin-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ruiqi Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wensu Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jing-Song Fan
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| | - Zhi Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Trepanowski N, Yim RM, Wetstone R, MacDonald E, Servattalab S, Jacob-George S, Harris JE. Vitiligo progression in a patient undergoing romosozumab treatment for osteoporosis. JAAD Case Rep 2023; 42:26-30. [PMID: 37965188 PMCID: PMC10641553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2023.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Trepanowski
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca M. Yim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane, Louisiana
| | - Rachel Wetstone
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
- Florida International University College of Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Elizabeth MacDonald
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Servattalab
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Subin Jacob-George
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - John E. Harris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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50
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Sluchanko NN, Kapitonova AA, Shulepko MA, Kukushkin ID, Kulbatskii DS, Tugaeva KV, Varfolomeeva LA, Minyaev ME, Boyko KM, Popov VO, Kirpichnikov MP, Lyukmanova EN. Crystal structure reveals canonical recognition of the phosphorylated cytoplasmic loop of human alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by 14-3-3 protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:91-96. [PMID: 37804592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels composed of five homologous subunits. The homopentameric α7-nAChR, abundantly expressed in the brain, is involved in the regulation of the neuronal plasticity and memory and undergoes phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). Here, we extracted native α7-nAChR from murine brain, validated its assembly by cryo-EM and showed that phosphorylation by PKA in vitro enables its interaction with the abundant human brain protein 14-3-3ζ. Bioinformatic analysis narrowed the putative 14-3-3-binding site down to the fragment of the intracellular loop (ICL) containing Ser365 (Q361RRCSLASVEMS372), known to be phosphorylated in vivo. We reconstructed the 14-3-3ζ/ICL peptide complex and determined its structure by X-ray crystallography, which confirmed the Ser365 phosphorylation-dependent canonical recognition of the ICL by 14-3-3. A common mechanism of nAChRs' regulation by ICL phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding that potentially affects nAChR activity, stoichiometry, and surface expression is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - Anna A Kapitonova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Shulepko
- Faculty of Biology, MSU-BIT Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Ilya D Kukushkin
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, 141701, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Dmitrii S Kulbatskii
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Kristina V Tugaeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Larisa A Varfolomeeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Mikhail E Minyaev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin M Boyko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Vladimir O Popov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia; Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University "Molecular Technologies of the Living Systems and Synthetic Biology", Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Mikhail P Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University "Molecular Technologies of the Living Systems and Synthetic Biology", Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N Lyukmanova
- Faculty of Biology, MSU-BIT Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518172, China; Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, 141701, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia; Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University "Molecular Technologies of the Living Systems and Synthetic Biology", Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
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