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Anyanwu GO, Iqbal J, Khan SU, Zaib S, Rauf K, Onyeneke CE, Ojo OO. Antidiabetic activities of chloroform fraction of Anthocleista vogelii Planch root bark in rats with diet- and alloxan-induced obesity-diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 229:293-302. [PMID: 30342966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anthocleista vogelii Planch is a medicinal plant traditionally used in West Africa for the management and treatment of diabetes mellitus. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the antidiabetic activities of chloroform fraction (CF) of Anthocleista vogelii Planch root bark in rats with diet- and alloxan-induced obesity-diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inhibitory activities of CF against α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities were determined in vitro. Three weeks old rats were fed with high-fat diet for 9 weeks to induce obesity prior to further induction of diabetes using alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight, i.p.). Blood glucose levels and body weight were measured every 7 days throughout the experiment. Glucose tolerance was assessed in normal and CF-treated rats on day 21. Terminal blood samples were collected from sacrificed animals for the measurement of serum insulin levels. Pancreases were excised from treated and untreated animals for histopathological examination. RESULTS LCMS/MS chromatographic profile of CF via positive and negative modes revealed 13 and 23 compounds respectively. Further analysis revealed quebrachitol (QCT), loganin, sweroside, oleoside 11-methyl ester and ferulic acid, which have been previously reported for their antidiabetic activities, as constituents of CF. CF inhibited activities of α-amylase (IC50 = 51.60 ± 0.92 µg/ml) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 5.86 ± 0.97 µg/ml) in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of animals with obesity-diabetes with 100 and 200 mg/kg CF significantly improved glucose tolerance (P < 0.001) and enhanced serum insulin levels (P < 0.05) compared to diabetic control rats. CONCLUSIONS Antidiabetic activities of CF might be mediated via inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities, elevation of serum insulin concentration, and enhancement of insulin and leptin sensitivity in obesity-diabetes rats. This study further substantiates the traditional use of A. vogelii in the management and treatment of diabetes in Africa and encourages further studies to investigate its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel O Anyanwu
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, KP, Pakistan.
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, KP, Pakistan
| | - Shafi U Khan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, KP, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Rauf
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, KP, Pakistan
| | - Chukwu E Onyeneke
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Opeolu O Ojo
- Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
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Huang J, Zhang Y, Dong L, Gao Q, Yin L, Quan H, Chen R, Fu X, Lin D. Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 213:280-301. [PMID: 29155174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cornus officinalis (Cornaceae), known in Chinese as "Shanzhuyu," is a frequently used traditional Chinese medicine. It tastes sour and is astringent and slightly warm in nature. Its fruits have long been used to treat kidney deficiency, high blood pressure, waist and knee pain, dizziness, tinnitus, impotence, spermatorrhea, menorrhagia, and other diseases in China. The main distribution areas are Shanxi and Gansu. AIM OF THE STUDY This review focused on the ethnopharmacological uses of the herb. We also focus on the phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies on C. officinalis. The recent analytical methods developed for the quality control of the herb's constituents are also reviewed. Additionally, future trends and prospects in the study of this herb are proposed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on C. officinalis was gathered by searching the internet (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ACS, CNKI, Scifinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar) and libraries. RESULTS This review compiled the ethnopharmacological uses, including the classic prescriptions and historical applications. Approximately 300 chemical compounds have been isolated and identified from C. officinalis. The major active components of the plant are organic acids and iridoids, among which morroniside and loganin have been extensively investigated. The fruit of the plant has been used in treating many diseases in traditional medicine. Scientific studies indicated the herb's wide range of pharmacological activities, such as hepatic and renal protection, antidiabetes activity, cardioprotection, antioxidation, neuroprotection, antitumor activity, anti-inflammation, analgesic effects, antiaging activity, antiamnesia, antiosteoporosis, and immunoregulation. The analytical methods developed for the quantitative and qualitative determination of various compounds in the herb were further reviewed. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, we reviewed various studies conducted on C. officinalis, especially in areas of its ethnopharmacological use, as well as on its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and modern analytical methods used. Some of the herb's ethnomedical indications have been confirmed by the herb's pharmacological effects, such as its hepatic and renal protection and the antidiabetic effects. In particular, the crude extract and its chemical composition have exerted good therapeutic effect in diabetic treatment. C. officinalis entails additional attention on its pharmacological effects and drug development to expand its effective use clinically. Many advanced technologies are used for quality testing, but the detection component is exceedingly scarce for synthetically evaluating the quality of C. officinalis herbs. Thus, further research is necessary to investigate the quality control and toxicology of the plant, to further elucidate its clinical use, and to control herbal quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qinghan Gao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lei Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Hongfeng Quan
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xueyan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Hui Medicine, Yinchuan 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education (Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Dingbo Lin
- Oklahoma State University, United States.
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Zhang ND, Han T, Huang BK, Rahman K, Jiang YP, Xu HT, Qin LP, Xin HL, Zhang QY, Li YM. Traditional Chinese medicine formulas for the treatment of osteoporosis: Implication for antiosteoporotic drug discovery. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 189:61-80. [PMID: 27180315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Osteoporosis is a chronic epidemic which can leads to enhanced bone fragility and consequent an increase in fracture risk. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas have a long history of use in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Antiosteoporotic TCM formulas have conspicuous advantage over single drugs. Systematic data mining of the existing antiosteoporotic TCM formulas database can certainly help the drug discovery processes and help the identification of safe candidates with synergistic formulations. In this review, the authors summarize the clinical use and animal experiments of TCM formulas and their mechanism of action, and discuss the potential antiosteoporotic activity and the active constituents of commonly used herbs in TCM formulas for the therapy of osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature was searched from Medline, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Spring Link, Web of Science, CNKI and VIP database from 1989 to 2015, and also collected from Chinese traditional books and Chinese Pharmacopoeia with key words such as osteoporosis, osteoblast, osteoclast, traditional Chinese medicine formulas to identify studies on the antiosteoporotic effects of TCM formulas, herbs and chemical constituents, and also their possible mechanisms. RESULTS Thirty-three TCM formulas were commonly used to treat osteoporosis, and showed significant antiosteoporotic effects in human and animal. The herb medicines and their chemical constituents in TCM formulas were summarized, the pharmacological effects and chemical constituents of commonly used herbs in TCM formulas were described in detail. The action mechanisms of TCM formulas and their chemical constituents were described. Finally, the implication for the discovery of antiosteoporotic leads and combinatory ingredients from TCM formulas were prospectively discussed. CONCLUSIONS Clinical practice and animal experiments indicate that TCM formulas provide a definite therapeutic effect on osteoporosis. The active constituents in TCM formulas are diverse in chemical structure, and include flavonoids, lignans, saponins and iridoid glycosides. Antiosteoporotic mechanism of TCM formulas and herbs involves multi regulatory pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin, BMP/Smad, MAPK pathway and RANKL/OPG system. Phytochemicals from TCM formulas and their compositional herb medicines offer great potential for the development of novel antiosteoporotic drugs. The active ingredients in TCM formulas can be developed in combination as potent drugs, which may exhibit better antiosteoporotic effects compared to the individual compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Dan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bao-Kang Huang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, LiverpoolL3 3AF, UK
| | - Yi-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong-Tao Xu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hai-Liang Xin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qiao-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yi-Min Li
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Ji X, Liu H, An C, Wang Y, Zhao H, Zhang Q, Li M, Qi F, Chen Z, Wang X, Wang L. You-Gui pills promote nerve regeneration by regulating netrin1, DCC and Rho family GTPases RhoA, Racl, Cdc42 in C57BL/6 mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 187:123-133. [PMID: 27106785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE You-Gui pills (YGPs) are an effective traditional Chinese formula being used clinically for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous studies demonstrated that YGPs exerted the potent neuroprotective effects in murine models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is an equivalent animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the mechanism of YGPs functions remained unclear. AIM OF THIS STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of YGPs in MOG35-55-induced EAE mice and to further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups, including the non-treated EAE model, prednisone acetate- and 1.2, 2.4 or 4.8g/kg YGPs-treated EAE groups, and a normal control group. The EAE model was established by injecting the mice subcutaneously with MOG35-55 antigen. The body weights were measured and the neurological functions were scored in each group. The pathology and morphology of the brain and spinal cord was examined. The expression of MAP-2 was detected by immunofluorescent staining. The levels of netrin1, DCC, RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 were assayed by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and Western blot on day 40 post-immunization (PI). RESULTS YGPs treatments significantly reduced neurological function scores in EAE mice, where the inflammatory infiltration was reduced and the axon and myelin damage in both brain and spinal cord was alleviated. In the brain and spinal cord tissues, YGPs increased the expression of neuronal factors MAP-2, netrin1 and DCC. The expression of Rac1 and Cdc42 were increased, while RhoA was reduced following YGPs treatments. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that YGPs exhibited a neuroprotective effect on promoting nerve regeneration at the brain and spinal cord in EAE mice induced by MOG35-55. Netrin1, DCC and the Rho family GTPases of RhoA, Racl, Cdc42 were involved in mediating the effects of YGPs on nerve regeneration.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/pathology
- Brain/ultrastructure
- DCC Receptor
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
- Nerve Growth Factors/genetics
- Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism
- Nerve Regeneration/drug effects
- Netrin-1
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use
- Peptide Fragments
- Phytotherapy
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- Spinal Cord/ultrastructure
- Tablets
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Ji
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Haolong Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Chen An
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Fang Qi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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Wang L, Cao AL, Chi YF, Ju ZC, Yin PH, Zhang XM, Peng W. You-gui Pill ameliorates renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis via inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 169:229-238. [PMID: 25922264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE You-gui Pill (YGP), a traditional Chinese medicinal prescription, was widely used to warm and recuperate "kidney-yang" clinically for hundreds of years in China. Recent studies found that YGP had a potential benefit for renoprotection. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to elucidate the in vivo and in vitro efficacy of YGP on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and the molecular mechanism is also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis model was elicited by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Sprague-Dawley rats underwent UUO and were studied after 14 days. Animals were randomly subjected to six groups: sham, UUO, UUO/YGP (0.14, 0.42, 1.26g/kg/d), and UUO/enalapril (10mg/kg/d). HE, Masson and ELISA were used for evaluate renal injury and function. Immunohistochemical analysis and western blot were used to detect the expressions of α-SMA, fibronectin, collagen matrix and Smads. In vitro studies were investigated in TGF-β1-stiumlated NRK-49F cell line. RESULTS Oral administration of YGP significantly decreased UUO-induced inflammatory cell infiltration, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis, and there was no significant difference between YGP at 1.26g/kg and enalapril at 10mg/kg treatment (P>0.05). Meanwhile, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were reduced dramatically (P<0.01). In coincide with the decreased of TGF-β1, α-SMA, fibronectin and collagen matrix expressions were also declined with YGP treatment in both UUO kidneys and TGF-β1-stimulated NRK-49F cell line. Additionally, nuclear translocation of p-Smad2/3 was markedly down-regulated by YGP (P<0.001), with a relative mild up-regulated expression of Smad7 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that YGP had a renoprotective effect in ameliorating renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and this activity possibly via suppression of the TGF-β and its downstream regulatory signaling pathway, including Smad2/3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ai-Li Cao
- Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yang-Feng Chi
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zheng-Cai Ju
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Pei-Hao Yin
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wen Peng
- Laboratory of Renal Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China; Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China.
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