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Gerred K, Kapoor A. A fit-for-purpose validation of a commercial radioimmunoassay for measurement of human peripheral oxytocin. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101666. [PMID: 38434143 PMCID: PMC10907144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a peptide hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus and released into systemic circulation or other areas of the brain. Its physiological roles include action as a hormone with stimulation of uterine contractions and that as a neuromodulator with involvement in social behaviors and regulation of mood. Its small size and low levels within biological matrices make it challenging to accurately measure. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the specificity of the antibody, sensitivity, and reproducibility of the Phoenix Pharmaceuticals (PP) OT radioimmunoassay (RIA) for use in human urine, serum, and saliva. Specificity of the antibody was assessed by high pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) separation and assay of the fractions. Immunoreactivity was evaluated using the percent OT bound, and the fraction retention times were compared to the retention time of an intact OT standard to determine which fractions contained OT in the extracted samples. Reproducibility was assessed by running replicates of pools of each biomatrix over several assays. Sensitivity was assessed by repeated measurement of physiologically relevant low-concentration specimens. In all tested specimens the greatest reactivity in assay corresponded to the same fraction(s) as the OT standard. Only minimal reactivity was found in the other fractions, suggesting that in an unfractionated sample the antibody reacts mostly with intact OT. Reproducibility was acceptable for all specimens and the coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 3.72 to 8.04% and 5.89-12.8%, for intra and inter-assay, respectively. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) were sufficient for measurement of normal values in urine (0.643 & 1.43 pg/mL), serum (1.90 pg/mL), and saliva pools (0.485 & 4.42 pg/mL). In conclusion, the PP OT RIA is specific and sensitive enough for reproducible measurement of intact OT in human peripheral biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keenan Gerred
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Amita Kapoor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
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Piechocka J, Głowacki R. Comprehensive studies on the development of HPLC-MS/MS and HPLC-FL based methods for routine determination of homocysteine thiolactone in human urine. Talanta 2024; 272:125791. [PMID: 38368835 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The report presents a new, robust, and reproducible liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and HPLC-fluorescence (FL) based methods for the determination of urinary homocysteine thiolactone (HTL). In particular, a versatile sample preparation procedure was designed to purify urine samples, involving chloroform liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) of HTL and its re-extraction (re-LLE) with formic acid, prior to chromatographic analysis. In relation to HPLC-FL assay, the quantification of HTL additionally uses o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) as the on-column derivatization agent, while HPLC-MS/MS assay employs homoserine lactone (HSL) as an internal standard (IS). The baseline separation of the analyte and IS (if applicable) is accomplished under hydrophilic interactions chromatography (HILIC) and reverse phase (RP)-HPLC conditions in the case of HPLC-MS/MS and HPLC-FL based method, respectively. The assays linearity was observed within 20-400 nmol/L for HTL in urine, covering the expected unknown analyte's concentration in study samples. The value of 20 nmol/L in urine was recognized as the limit of quantification (LOQ) for both methods. The assays were successfully applied to urine samples delivered by fifteen apparently healthy volunteers showing that they are suitable for screening of human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Piechocka
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry, 163/165 Pomorska Str., 90-236, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Rafał Głowacki
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Chemistry, 163/165 Pomorska Str., 90-236, Łódź, Poland.
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Li S, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Yang H, Han C, Du P, Wang X, Yang H. Diagnosis and classification of intestinal diseases with urine by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 312:124081. [PMID: 38422936 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal Disease (ID) is often characterized by clinical symptoms such as malabsorption, intestinal dysfunction, and injury. If treatment is not timely, it will increase the risk of cancer. Early diagnosis of ID is the key to cure it. There are certain limitations of the conventional diagnostic methods, such as low sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, development of a highly sensitive, non-invasive diagnostic method for ID is extremely important. Urine samples are easier to collect and more sensitive to changes in biomolecules than other pathological diagnostic samples such as tissue and blood. In this paper, a diagnostic method of ID with urine by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is proposed. A classification model between ID patients and healthy controls (HC) and a classification model between different pathological types of ID (i.e., benign intestinal disease (BID) and colorectal cancer (CRC)) are established. Here, 830 urine samples, including 100 HC, 443 BID, and 287 CRC, were investigated by SERS. The ID/HC classification model was developed by analyzing the SERS spectra of 150 ID and 100 HC, while BID/CRC classification model was built with 300 BID and 150 CRC patients by principal component analysis (PCA)-support vector machines (SVM). The two established models were internally verified by leave-one-out-cross-validation (LOOCV). Finally, the BID/CRC classification model was further evaluated by 143 BID and 137 CRC patients as an external test set. It shows that the accuracy of the classification model validated by the LOOCV for ID/HC and BID/CRC is 86.4% and 85.56%, respectively. And the accuracy of the BID/CRC classification model with external test set is 82.14%. It shows that high accuracy can be achieved with these two established classification models. It indicates that ID patients in the general population can be identified and BID and CRC patients can be further classified with measuring urine by SERS. It shows that the proposed diagnostic method and established classification models provide valuable information for clinicians to early diagnose ID patients and analyze different stages of ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silong Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yuqing Zheng
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yiheng Yang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Haojie Yang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Changpeng Han
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Peng Du
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Huinan Yang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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Dai C, Peng L, Li Y, Li Z, Chen D, Wang F, Lin N. Distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in blood, serum, and urine of patients with liver cancer and associations with liver function biomarkers. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:418-427. [PMID: 38105065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may be hepatotoxic in animals or humans. However, data on clinical epidemiology are very limited. In this study, 21 PFASs were determined in patients with liver diseases, with the highest median concentrations detected in the serum sample (26.7 ng/mL), followed by blood (10.7 ng/mL) and urine (5.02 ng/mL). Higher total PFAS concentrations were found in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients compared to non-HCC patients, with significant discrepancies in serum and blood samples. Besides, significant correlations were also found among PFAS concentrations and age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and liver function biomarkers levels. For example, PFAS concentrations are significantly higher in males than in females; Several serum PFASs concentrations increase with age and BMI, while the serum perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) concentrations are negatively correlated with age. In addition, multiple regression models adjusted for age, gender and BMI found that increased serum perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid (PFHpS) and perfluorohexylphosphonic acid (PFHxPA) conentrations are correlated with elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (p < 0.05). Our results provide epidemiological support for the future study on the potential clinical hepatotoxicity of PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Lin Peng
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhendong Li
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Yurdem A, Aslan M, Aral H, Levent A. First electrochemical investigation and determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug etofenamate using disposable pencil graphite electrode with voltammetric techniques. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1299:342377. [PMID: 38499410 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the electrochemical properties of etofenamate, an active ingredient belonging to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug group, were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SW) techniques on a disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE). With the CV technique, reversible voltammetric waves of around +0.470 V and irreversible voltammetric waves of around +1.02 V were produced on the PGE. An environmentally friendly, selective and highly sensitive SW voltammetric method was developed using disposable PGE. This voltammetric method gave very good analytical working range on PGE in PBS (pH = 3.0) medium at concentrations ranging from 0.017 μM to 0.306 μM. The LOD value of this analytical method in PBS (pH = 3.0) medium was calculated as 0.0011 μM (0.406 μg L-1). The developed voltammetric method was successfully applied to urine and drug samples. The results of the voltammetric method were compared with the results of the spectrophotometric method. The results were found to be compatible with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Yurdem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Aslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
| | - Hayriye Aral
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Levent
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Batman University, Batman, Turkey.
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Fernandez Requena B, Gonzalez-Riano C, Barbas C. Addressing the untargeted lipidomics challenge in urine samples: Comparative study of extraction methods by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1299:342433. [PMID: 38499427 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Urine analysis has remained a fundamental and widely used method in clinical diagnostics for over a century. With its minimal invasive nature and comprehensive range of analytes, urine has established itself as a clinical diagnostic tool for various disorders, including renal, urological, metabolic, and endocrine diseases. Furthermore, urine's unique attributes make it an attractive matrix for biomarker discovery, as well as in assessing the metabolic and physiological states of patients and healthy individuals alike. However, limitations in our knowledge of average values and sources of urinary lipids decrease the wider clinical application of urinary lipidomics. In this context, untargeted lipidomics analysis relies heavily on the extraction and analysis of lipids in biological samples. Nevertheless, this type of analysis presents challenges in lipid identification due to the diverse nature of lipids. Therefore, proper sample treatment before analysis is crucial to obtain robust and reproducible lipidomic profiles. To address this gap, we conducted a comparative study of a urine pool sample collected from twenty healthy volunteers using four different lipid extraction methods: one biphasic and three monophasic protocols. The extracted lipids were then analyzed using UHPLC-MS and MS/MS, and the semi-quantification of all the accurately annotated lipid species was performed for each extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Fernandez Requena
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España
| | - Carolina Gonzalez-Riano
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, España.
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Geng Y, Zhang C, He P, Wang Y, Kong L, Li Z, Wei B, Ma Y, Liang H, Ding C, Tie C. Urine LMs quantitative analysis strategy development and LMs CWP biomarkers discovery. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 171:106816. [PMID: 38302009 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is one of the most common inhalation occupational diseases. It is no effective treatment methods. Early diagnosis of CWP could reduce mortality. Lipid mediators (LMs) as key mediators in the generation and resolution of inflammation, are natural biomarkers for diagnosis inflammatory disease, such as CWP. The UHPLC-MRM technique was used to detect LMs in urine. The metabolic network of LMs in CWP and CT group samples was comprehensively analyzed. Screening for major difference compounds between the two groups. Aimed to contribute to the early diagnosis and treatment of CWP. Urinary levels of 13-OxoODE, 9-OxoODE, and 9,10-EpOME were significantly higher in the CWP group compared with the CT group (P < 0.05). In the model group, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for 9-OxoODE,13-OxoODE,9,10-EpOME was 84.4%, 73.3%, and 80.9%, respectively. In the validation group, the area under the ROC was 87.0%, 88.8%, and 68.8% for 9-OxoODE,13-OxoODE,9,10-EpOME, respectively. According to the logistic regression model, the area under the ROC was 80.4% in the model group and 86.7% in the validation group. 13-OxoODE,9-OxoODE,9,10-EpOME could be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis. Significant abnormalities of LOX and CYP450 enzyme pathways were seen in CWP organisms. Changes in the CYP450 enzyme pathway may be associated with PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Ding11 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Ding11 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunmin Zhang
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, NHC, 27 Shilong North Road, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Ping He
- State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Ding11 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Ding11 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Ding11 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Ding11 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingfei Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Ding11 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Ding11 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Ding11 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Ding11 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bin Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Ding11 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yufang Ma
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Handong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Ding11 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunguang Ding
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, NHC, 27 Shilong North Road, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Cai Tie
- State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Ding11 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Ding11 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China.
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Schneider M, Kollender K, Hilfrich B, Weiss R, Iftner T, Heim A, Ganzenmueller T. Evaluation of an automated real-time transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) assay for detection and quantification of cytomegalovirus DNA in different clinical specimens. J Clin Virol 2024; 171:105637. [PMID: 38218116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable and fast detection and quantification of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in various diagnostic specimens is essential for care of immunocompromised or congenitally infected individuals. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the analytical and clinical performance of the Panther Aptima® CMV (Hologic) quantitative real-time transcription mediated amplification (TMA) assay. STUDY DESIGN Performance of the TMA assay run on the Hologic Panther Fusion was analysed for 32 proficiency testing samples and 21 quantitative reproducibility panel samples; additionally, we compared results of TMA assay and routine quantitative real-time PCR assays ("PCR-A"= Biomérieux CMV R-gene® or "PCR-B"= Laboratory-developed CMV-PCR) in 518 diagnostic specimens (254 plasma, 120 EDTA whole blood, 43 urine, 45 amniotic fluid and 56 breast milk) at two university hospital laboratories. RESULTS All proficiency panel samples were correctly identified and quantified by the TMA assay; replicate testing of the reproducibility panel samples showed good reproducibility within and between the two laboratories. Sensitivity in plasma and WB was higher for the TMA assay detecting low-level CMV-DNAemia in samples tested negative by routine PCR. Quantitative CMV-DNAemia values correlated well between TMA and real-time PCR. Similarly, urine, AF and BM specimens showed a high rate of concordant results (91%, 98% and 98%, respectively) among TMA and PCR with good correlation of quantitative values. CONCLUSION The performance of the Aptima® CMV TMA assay for viral blood load testing compared well to established real-time PCRs. In addition, it can be useful for diagnostics in urine, amniotic fluid and breast milk specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schneider
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - K Kollender
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, Tuebingen, Germany; University Hospital Tuebingen, Consiliary Laboratory for congenital and postnatal CMV infections, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - B Hilfrich
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - R Weiss
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - T Iftner
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - A Heim
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - T Ganzenmueller
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, Tuebingen, Germany; University Hospital Tuebingen, Consiliary Laboratory for congenital and postnatal CMV infections, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Hadpech S, Chaiyarit S, Phuangkham S, Sukphan S, Thongboonkerd V. The modulatory effects of large and small extracellular vesicles from normal human urine on calcium oxalate crystallization, growth, aggregation, adhesion on renal cells, and invasion through extracellular matrix: An in vitro study. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116393. [PMID: 38461684 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) play important roles in physiologic condition and various renal/urological disorders. However, their roles in kidney stone disease remain unclear. This study aimed to examine modulatory effects of large and small uEVs derived from normal human urine on calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals (the main component in kidney stones). After isolation, large uEVs, small uEVs and total urinary proteins (TUPs) with equal (protein equivalent) concentration were added into various crystal assays to compare with the control (without uEVs or TUPs). TUPs strongly inhibited CaOx crystallization, growth, aggregation and crystal-cell adhesion. Large uEVs had lesser degree of inhibition against crystallization, growth and crystal-cell adhesion, and comparable degree of aggregation inhibition compared with TUPs. Small uEVs had comparable inhibitory effects as of TUPs for all these crystal assays. However, TUPs and large uEVs slightly promoted CaOx invasion through extracellular matrix, whereas small uEVs did not affect this. Matching of the proteins reported in six uEVs datasets with those in the kidney stone modulator (StoneMod) database revealed that uEVs contained 18 known CaOx stone modulators (mainly inhibitors). These findings suggest that uEVs derived from normal human urine serve as CaOx stone inhibitors to prevent healthy individuals from kidney stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarat Hadpech
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakdithep Chaiyarit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somsakul Phuangkham
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Sukphan
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Maputla SP, Van Dalen W, Joubert A, Norman J, Castel S, van der Merwe M, Wiesner L. A validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the analysis of isoniazid and its metabolite acetyl-isoniazid in urine. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2024; 32:11-17. [PMID: 38356778 PMCID: PMC10865391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Isoniazid (INH) is one of the most effective and potent first-line anti-tubercular drug. INH is also effectively administered as a preventative monotherapy and has been shown to significantly reduce TB incidence. INH is primarily metabolised to acetyl-isoniazid (AcINH) in the liver. AcINH is mainly excreted in urine presenting as a target for monitoring adherence to INH therapy. Objective The study aimed to develop and fully validate a bioanalytical method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of INH and AcINH in human urine. Methods The samples were prepared using solid phase extraction, with the internal standards isoniazid-d4 and acetyl-isoniazid-d4 being used. The extracts were chromatographed on an Atlantis T3 analytical column with an isocratic mobile phase. For detection, a AB Sciex™ API 5500 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used at unit resolution in the multiple reaction monitoring mode, following positive electrospray ionization. Results The analytical method demonstrated sufficient sensitivity, as indicated by average signal-to-noise ratios of 7.07 and 6.23 at the lower limit of quantification for INH and AcINH, respectively. Validation was performed over three consecutive batches, demonstrating accuracy, precision, and overall robustness based on peak area ratios within the analytical range of 0.234-30.0 µg/mL for both INH and AcINH. All required validation experiments were assessed and met the acceptance criteria guidelines of the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. The validated method was utilized to measure concentrations of AcINH in urine as a means of assessing adherence to the intake of isoniazid in order to prevent TB infection during a phase III open-label multicenter trial. Conclusion A bioanalytical method was developed and fully validated for quantifying isoniazid (INH) and acetyl-isoniazid (AcINH) in 100 µL of human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydwell Poulo Maputla
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Willem Van Dalen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anton Joubert
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Norman
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandra Castel
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marthinus van der Merwe
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lubbe Wiesner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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11
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Lorenzo-Parodi N, Moebus S, Schmidt TC. Analysis of aromatic amines in human urine using comprehensive multi-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCxGC-MS). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 257:114343. [PMID: 38422601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Several aromatic amines (AA) are classified as human carcinogens, and tobacco smoke is one of the main sources of exposure. Once in the human body, they undergo different metabolic pathways which lead to either their excretion or ultimately to the formation of DNA and protein adducts. The aim of this study was to investigate AA in 68 urine samples (aged 29-79, 47% female), including 10 smokers (S), 28 past-smokers (PS) and 30 never-smokers (NS), and to study if there was a relation between the smoking status and the amount of the AA present. GCxGC-MS was used to analyze AA in complex urine samples due to its high peak capacity and the fact that it provides two sets of retention times and structural information, which facilitates the separation and identification of the target analytes. First, a qualitative comparison of an example set of a NS, PS and S sample was carried out, in which 38, 45 and 46 AA, respectively, could be tentatively identified. Afterwards, seven AA were successfully quantified in the samples. Of these, 4-ethylaniline (4EA, p = 0.015), 2,4,6-trimethylaniline (2,4,6TMA, p = 0.030), 2-naphthylamine (2NA, p = 0.014) and the sum of 2,4- and 2,6-dimethylaniline (DMA, p = 0.017) were found in significantly different (α = 0.05) concentrations for the S, 29 ± 14, 87 ± 49, 41 ± 26, and 105 ± 57 ng/L respectively, compared to the NS, 15 ± 6, 42 ± 30, 16 ± 6, and 48 ± 28 ng/L. And 2,4,6TMA (39 ± 26, p = 0.022), 2NA (18 ± 9, p = 0.025) and DMA (53 ± 46, p = 0.030), were also found at significantly higher concentrations in samples from S when compared to PS. However, some samples had AA concentrations outside the calibration curve and could not be taken into account, especially for 2-methylaniline (2MA). Therefore, all the samples were evaluated using a quantitative screening approach, by which the intensities of 4EA (p = 0.019), 2,4,6TMA (p = 0.048), 2NA (p = 0.016), DMA (p = 0.019) and 2MA (p = 0.006) in S were found to be significantly (α = 0.05) higher than in the NS, and 2MA (p = 0.019) and 4EA (p = 0.023) in S were found to be significantly higher than in the PS. An association between the smoking status and the amount of certain AA present could therefore be found. This information could be used to study the relation between the smoking status, the amount of AA present, and smoking related diseases like bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Lorenzo-Parodi
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Urban Public Health, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Zweigerstrasse 37, 45130, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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12
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Lee NM, Tadesse AW, Ekpe OD, Lee SY, Kwon JW, Kim W, Cho YH, Oh JE. Assessment of PAH exposure and health risks among South Korean firefighters based on urinary PAH metabolites. Chemosphere 2024; 353:141429. [PMID: 38364917 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) comprise a group of compounds resulting from the incomplete combustion of organic matter. Firefighters engaged in fire suppression are highly exposed to PAHs. This study centered on evaluating the exposure levels and health risks of PAHs in South Korean firefighters involved in firefighting activities. The concentrations of 10 PAH metabolites in the urine of firefighters were measured immediately after, and two weeks post their engagement in extinguishing a large tire factory fire. The levels of OH-PAHs in urine samples immediately after fire suppression were elevated by a factor of 1.01-1.84 compared to urine samples from non-exposed period. The median concentration of total PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) was higher in urine samples immediately after fire suppression (5910 ng/g creatinine) than in urine samples from non-exposed periods (5020 ng/g creatinine). However, the ∑OH-PAH levels in firefighters' urine were related to personal habits such as smoking. The concentrations of all individual OH-PAHs in the urine samples of nonsmokers exhibited a substantial increase, ranging from 1.37 to 2.3 times, clearly demonstrating that firefighting activities were a substantial source of PAH exposure. The calculated values associated with the health risks stemming from exposure to PAHs, including carcinogenic risk, total estimated daily intake (TEDI), and hazard quotients/index (HQs/HI), all fell within acceptable limits, indicating negligible risk. However, the HQ/HI values and TEDI for individual and total PAH exposures, except those for naphthalene, were 1.36-2.00 times higher in firefighters' samples taken after firefighting operations compared to those during regular duty. This underscores the need for more comprehensive investigations to comprehend the singular impact of firefighting activities due to the diverse sources of PAH emissions in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Mi Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ababo Workineh Tadesse
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea; Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Okon Dominic Ekpe
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yun Lee
- National Fire Research Institute of Korea, Asan, 31555, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woon Kwon
- National Fire Research Institute of Korea, Asan, 31555, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Wonjin Institute for Occupational and Environmental Health, Seoul, 02221, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Cho
- Wonjin Institute for Occupational and Environmental Health, Seoul, 02221, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea; Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Hisatsune K, Murata T, Taniguchi M, Asano T, Ogata K, Iguchi A, Zaitsu K. Development of a rapid-fire drug screening method by probe electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for human urine (RaDPi-U). Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05215-x. [PMID: 38523158 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Drug screening tests are mandatory in the search for drugs in forensic biological samples, and immunological methods and mass spectrometry (e.g., gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry) are commonly used for that purpose. However, these methods have some drawbacks, and developing new screening methods is required. In this study, we develop a rapid-fire drug screening method by probe electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (PESI-MS/MS), which is an ambient ionization mass spectrometry method, for human urine, named RaDPi-U. RaDPi-U is carried out in three steps: (1) mixing urine with internal standard (IS) solution and ethanol, followed by vortexing; (2) pipetting the mixture onto a sample plate for PESI; and (3) rapid-fire analysis by PESI-MS/MS. RaDPi-U targets 40 forensically important drugs, which include illegal drugs, hypnotics, and psychoactive substances. The analytical results were obtained within 3 min because of the above-mentioned simple workflow of RaDPi-U. The calibration curves of each analyte were constructed using the IS method, and they were quantitatively valid, resulting in good linearity (0.972-0.999) with a satisfactory lower limit of detection and lower limit of quantitation (0.01-7.1 ng/mL and 0.02-21 ng/mL, respectively). Further, both trueness and precisions were 28% or less, demonstrating the high reliability and repeatability of the method. Finally, we applied RaDPi-U to three postmortem urine specimens and successfully detected different drugs in each urine sample. The practicality of the method is proven, and RaDPi-U will be a strong tool as a rapid-fire drug screening method not only in forensic toxicology but also in clinical toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Hisatsune
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Aichi Prefectural Police Headquarters, 2-1-1, Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-8502, Japan.
| | - Tasuku Murata
- Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Masaru Taniguchi
- Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, Sakurazaka, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, 463-8585, Japan
| | - Tomomi Asano
- Department of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, 2-1723 Omori, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, 463-8521, Japan
| | - Koretsugu Ogata
- Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8511, Japan
| | - Akira Iguchi
- Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 7, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan
- Research Laboratory On Environmentally-conscious Developments and Technologies [E-code], National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8567, Japan
| | - Kei Zaitsu
- Multimodal Informatics and Wide-Data Analytics Laboratory (MiWA-Lab.), Department of Computational Systems Biology, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishi Mitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan.
- In Vivo Real-Time Omics Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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14
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Sauvain JJ, Hemmendinger M, Charreau T, Jouannique V, Debatisse A, Suárez G, Hopf NB, Guseva Canu I. Metal and oxidative potential exposure through particle inhalation and oxidative stress biomarkers: a 2-week pilot prospective study among Parisian subway workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024:10.1007/s00420-024-02054-2. [PMID: 38504030 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-024-02054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this pilot study on subway workers, we explored the relationships between particle exposure and oxidative stress biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and urine to identify the most relevant biomarkers for a large-scale study in this field. METHODS We constructed a comprehensive occupational exposure assessment among subway workers in three distinct jobs over 10 working days, measuring daily concentrations of particulate matter (PM), their metal content and oxidative potential (OP). Individual pre- and post-shift EBC and urine samples were collected daily. Three oxidative stress biomarkers were measured in these matrices: malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-isoprostane. The association between each effect biomarker and exposure variables was estimated by multivariable multilevel mixed-effect models with and without lag times. RESULTS The OP was positively associated with Fe and Mn, but not associated with any effect biomarkers. Concentration changes of effect biomarkers in EBC and urine were associated with transition metals in PM (Cu and Zn) and furthermore with specific metals in EBC (Ba, Co, Cr and Mn) and in urine (Ba, Cu, Co, Mo, Ni, Ti and Zn). The direction of these associations was both metal- and time-dependent. Associations between Cu or Zn and MDAEBC generally reached statistical significance after a delayed time of 12 or 24 h after exposure. Changes in metal concentrations in EBC and urine were associated with MDA and 8-OHdG concentrations the same day. CONCLUSION Associations between MDA in both EBC and urine gave opposite response for subway particles containing Zn versus Cu. This diverting Zn and Cu pattern was also observed for 8-OHdG and urinary concentrations of these two metals. Overall, MDA and 8-OHdG responses were sensitive for same-day metal exposures in both matrices. We recommend MDA and 8-OHdG in large field studies to account for oxidative stress originating from metals in inhaled particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Jacques Sauvain
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Maud Hemmendinger
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Charreau
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Jouannique
- Service Santé-Travail, Régie autonome des transports parisiens (RATP), 88 Boulevard Sébastopol, 75003, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Debatisse
- Service Santé-Travail, Régie autonome des transports parisiens (RATP), 88 Boulevard Sébastopol, 75003, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Suárez
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nancy B Hopf
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
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15
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Cools T, Wilson KS, Li D, Vancsok C, Mulot B, Leclerc A, Kok J, Haapakoski M, Bertelsen MF, Ochs A, Girling SJ, Zhou Y, Li R, Vanhaecke L, Wauters J. Development and validation of a versatile non-invasive urinary steroidomics method for wildlife biomonitoring. Talanta 2024; 273:125924. [PMID: 38518717 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Wildlife conservation is often challenged by a lack of knowledge about the reproduction biology and adaptability of endangered species. Although monitoring steroids and related molecules can increase this knowledge, the applicability of current techniques (e.g. immunoassays) is hampered by species-specific steroid metabolism and the requisite to avoid invasive sampling. This study presents a validated steroidomics method for the (un)targeted screening of a wide range of sex and stress steroids and related molecules in urine using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). In total, 50 steroids (conjugated and non-conjugated androgens, estrogens, progestogens and glucocorticoids) and 6 prostaglandins could be uniquely detected. A total of 45 out of 56 compounds demonstrated a detection limit below 0.01 ng μL-1. Excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99), precision (CV < 20 %), and recovery (80-120 %) were observed for 46, 41, and 39 compounds, respectively. Untargeted screening of pooled giant panda and human samples yielded 9691 and 8366 features with CV < 30 %, from which 84.1 % and 83.0 %, respectively, also demonstrated excellent linearity (R2 > 0.90). The biological validity of the method was investigated on male and female giant panda urine (n = 20), as well as pooled human samples (n = 10). A total of 24 different steroids were detected with clear qualitative and quantitative differences between human and giant panda samples. Furthermore, expected differences were revealed between female giant panda samples from different reproductive phases. In contrast to traditional biomonitoring techniques, the developed steroidomics method was able to screen a wide range of compounds and provide information on the putative identities of metabolites potentially important for reproductive monitoring in giant pandas. These results illustrate the advancements steroidomics brings to the field of wildlife biomonitoring in the pursuit to better understand the biology of endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Cools
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirsten S Wilson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Desheng Li
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Centre for Giant Panda (CCRCGP), People's Republic of China
| | - Catherine Vancsok
- Pairi Daiza Foundation - Pairi Daiza, Domaine de Cambron, 7940, Brugelette, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Mulot
- ZooParc de Beauval and Beauval Nature, Avenue du Blanc, 41110, Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Antoine Leclerc
- ZooParc de Beauval and Beauval Nature, Avenue du Blanc, 41110, Saint-Aignan, France
| | - José Kok
- Ouwehands Dierenpark Rhenen, Grebbeweg 111, 3911, AV Rhenen, the Netherlands
| | - Marko Haapakoski
- Ähtärin Eläinpuisto OY, Karhunkierros 150, FI-63700, Ähtäri, Finland; Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Konnevesi Research Station, University of Jyväskylä, Sirkkamäentie 220, FI-44300, Konnevesi, Finland
| | | | - Andreas Ochs
- Berlin Zoo, Hardenbergplatz 8, 10787, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon J Girling
- Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, 134 Corstorphine Road, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Yingmin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Centre for Giant Panda (CCRCGP), People's Republic of China
| | - Rengui Li
- Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park, China Conservation and Research Centre for Giant Panda (CCRCGP), People's Republic of China
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium; Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Jella Wauters
- Laboratory of Integrative Metabolomics, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium; Department of Reproduction Biology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Oudahmane I, Sarkees E, Taha F, Vanmansart J, Vuiblet V, Larre S, Piot O. To what extent does freezing impact the mid-infrared signature of urine? Case of patients attending urology department. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 309:123820. [PMID: 38168660 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Urine is a very interesting and attractive biofluid for biomarker discovery and medical diagnosis research due to its non-invasiveness collection and richness of potential biomarkers. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy applied on urine samples is a promising tool that could be used as a screening method for various diseases. However, during method development, frozen urine is more accessible, especially for inter-laboratory studies, whereas in routine application fresh urine is more convenient. Here, the objective of our work is to evaluate the freezing impact on mid-infrared signature of urine samples. Therefore, both fresh and frozen urine samples from twenty patients were analysed in a dried form. These samples were collected from patients consulting for cystoscopy examination. Simultaneously, centrifugation was also conducted on 10 of all included patients. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that patient inter-variabilities are higher than variability due to the freezing step. Then, Euclidean distance between fresh and frozen urine of each patient highlighted that the impact of freezing is different from one patient to another. Adding the centrifugation step slightly minimized intra-patient variability compared to not centrifugated samples. This study contributes to define experimental conditions for urine analysis development for translational application in biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Oudahmane
- BioSpecT EA7506 Laboratory, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Elie Sarkees
- BioSpecT EA7506 Laboratory, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Fayek Taha
- Department of Urology, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Jade Vanmansart
- BioSpecT EA7506 Laboratory, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Vincent Vuiblet
- BioSpecT EA7506 Laboratory, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France; Department of Biopathology, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Larre
- BioSpecT EA7506 Laboratory, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France; Department of Urology, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Olivier Piot
- BioSpecT EA7506 Laboratory, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France; Cellular and Tissular Imaging Platform (PICT), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
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17
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Pal VK, Kannan K. Stability of volatile organic compound metabolites in urine at various storage temperatures and freeze-thaw cycles for 8 months. Environ Pollut 2024; 345:123493. [PMID: 38316251 PMCID: PMC10939821 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The urinary concentrations of mercapturic acid metabolites of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been used as biomarkers of human exposure to this class of chemicals. However, long-term stability of these VOC metabolites (VOCMs) in urine at various storage conditions such as temperature, duration, and freeze-thaw cycles is not known. In this study, spot urine samples collected from three volunteers, stored at 22 °C (room temperature: RT), 4 °C (refrigerator) and -20 °C (freezer) for up to 240 days were analyzed at weekly to monthly interval for a total of 19 time points. Samples stored at 4 °C and -20 °C underwent 18 freeze-thaw cycles at RT for 30 min at each of the time points. Among 38 VOCMs analyzed, up to 18 metabolites were detected at concentrations above their respective detection limits on Day 0 (baseline concentration), and the concentrations of several VOCMs declined with the storage duration. Eight to ten VOCMs were lost completely within 240 days of storage at RT, compared to between two and five at 4 °C and between one and seven at -20 °C. The loss rate varied depending on the sample, storage temperature, VOCM, and number of freeze-thaw cycles. Storage of urine at RT led to a rapid loss of VOCMs in comparison to that stored at 4 °C or -20 °C. Among VOCMs measured, CEMA, SBMA, GAMA, DHBMA, AMCC, TCVMA, and HPMMA were lost more rapidly than the other metabolites. CMEMA, a major VOCM found in all three urines at baseline, exhibited a rapid loss in those of two volunteers but not of the other volunteer, suggesting sample to sample variation in lose rates. Freeze-thaw cycles considerably affected VOCM concentrations in urines stored at 4 °C or -20 °C. It is recommended that urine samples are analyzed for VOCMs within a couple of months of collection and stored at temperatures below -20 °C, with minimal or no freeze-thaw cycles. This study highlights the need for appropriate storage conditions to maintain the integrity of samples for biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar Pal
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, 12237, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine, New York University, New York, 10016, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, 12237, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12237, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine, New York University, New York, 10016, United States.
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18
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Mun S, Lee YR, Lee J, Lee S, Yun Y, Kim J, Kwon JY, Kim WJ, Cho YM, Hong YS, Kang HG. Cadmium-associated protein changes in residents of contaminated areas: Abandoned mine and smelter. Environ Pollut 2024; 345:123512. [PMID: 38341060 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a serious environmental contaminant, is associated with adverse health effects. However, the specific changes that the human body experiences in response to exposure to varying concentrations of cadmium remain unknown. The high levels of heavy metal contamination, especially Cd, in abandoned mines and smelter sites make them ideal locations to investigate the physiological manifestations of Cd exposure. This study found that individuals inhabiting abandoned mine and smelter areas had higher concentrations of Cd in their urine and blood compared to those living outside these areas (i.e., the controls). Furthermore, proteomic profiling of blood samples from all study groups was performed to identify proteomic biomarkers associated with chronic and severe Cd exposure. This analysis showed statistically significant correlations between urine Cd levels and sixteen proteins. Among these proteins, seven exhibited significantly altered expressions in samples from contaminated areas compared with those from control areas. Therefore, these proteins were selected as potential markers representing Cd-related protein alterations. Multiple reaction monitoring analysis was performed to validate the expression patterns of the proteins and four proteins were found to exhibit consistent trends. The findings show that Cd exposure significantly affects the expression of certain proteins in the human body. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and diseases associated with Cd-induced protein alterations can aid in the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for individuals exposed to Cd-linked pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Mun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Seongnam, 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Rim Lee
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, 11759, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeon Lee
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeeun Yun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, 11759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32, Daesin Gongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea; Busan Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Cho
- Department of Nano, Chemical and Biological Engineering, SeoKyeong University, Seoul, 02713, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seoub Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, 32, Daesin Gongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea; Busan Environmental Health Center, Dong-A University, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Gyoo Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Seongnam, 13135, Republic of Korea; Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Uijeongbu, 11759, Republic of Korea.
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Rotchell JM, Austin C, Chapman E, Atherall CA, Liddle CR, Dunstan TS, Blackburn B, Mead A, Filart K, Beeby E, Cunningham K, Allen J, Draper H, Guinn BA. Microplastics in human urine: Characterisation using μFTIR and sampling challenges using healthy donors and endometriosis participants. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 274:116208. [PMID: 38489903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are found in all environments, within the human food chain, and have been recently detected in several human tissues. The objective herein was to undertake an analysis of MP contamination in human urine samples, from healthy individuals and participants with endometriosis, with respect to their presence, levels, and the characteristics of any particles identified. A total of 38 human urine samples and 15 procedural blanks were analysed. MPs were characterised using μFTIR spectroscopy (size limitation of 5 μm) and SEM-EDX. In total, 123 MP particles consisting of 22 MP polymer types were identified within 17/29 of the healthy donor (10 mL) urine samples, compared with 232 MP particles of differing 16 MP polymer types in 12/19 urine samples from participants with endometriosis. Healthy donors presented an unadjusted average of 2589 ± 2931 MP/L and participants with endometriosis presented 4724 ± 9710 MP/L. Polyethylene (PE)(27%), polystyrene (PS)(16%), resin and polypropylene (PP)(both 12%) polymer types were most abundant in healthy donor samples, compared with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (59%), and PE (16%) in samples from endometriosis participants. The MP levels within healthy and endometriosis participant samples were not significantly different. However, the predominant polymer types varied, and the MPs from the metal catheter-derived endometriosis participant samples and healthy donors were significantly smaller than those observed in the procedural blanks. The procedural blank samples comprised 62 MP particles of 10 MP polymer types, mainly PP (27%), PE (21%), and PS (15%) with a mean ± SD of 17 ± 18, highlighting the unavoidable contamination inherent in measurement of MPs from donors. This is the first evidence of MP contamination in human urine with polymer characterisation and accounting for procedural blanks. These results support the phenomenon of transport of MPs within humans, specifically to the bladder, and their characterisation of types, shapes and size ranges identified therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette M Rotchell
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom; College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom.
| | - Chloe Austin
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Chapman
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte A Atherall
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Catriona R Liddle
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy S Dunstan
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Blackburn
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Mead
- School of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, United Kingdom; Department for Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Filart
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Ellie Beeby
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Cunningham
- Hull and East Yorkshire Endometriosis Centre, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham HU16 5JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Allen
- Department for Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Draper
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom; Hull and East Yorkshire Endometriosis Centre, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham HU16 5JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara-Ann Guinn
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.
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20
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Sitthisuwannakul K, Sukthai R, Zhu Z, Nagashima K, Chattrairat K, Phanthanawiboon S, Klamchuen A, Rahong S, Baba Y, Yasui T. Urinary dengue NS1 detection on Au-decorated ZnO nanowire platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 254:116218. [PMID: 38518559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Biodetection for non-invasive diagnostics of fluids, especially urine, remains a challenge to scientists due to low target concentrations. And biological complexes of the detection target may contain contaminants that also interfere with any assay. Dengue non-structural 1 protein (Dengue NS1) is an important biomarker for dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Here, we developed an Au-decorated nanowire platform and applied it with a sandwich fluorophore-linked immunosorbent well plate assay (FLISA) to detect Dengue NS1 in urine. For the platform, we fabricated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires to provide a high surface area and then coated them with gold nanoparticles (ZnO/Au nanowires) to simply modify the Dengue NS1 antibody and enhance the fluorescence intensity. Our platform employs a sandwich FLISA that exhibits high sensitivity, specifically detecting Dengue NS1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.35 pg/mL. This LOD was 4500-fold lower than the LOD of a commercially available kit for Dengue NS1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We believe that our ZnO/Au nanowire platform has the potential to revolutionize the field of non-invasive diagnostics for dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannika Sitthisuwannakul
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Ratchanon Sukthai
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Zetao Zhu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan; Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagashima
- Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University, N21W10, Kita, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kunanon Chattrairat
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan; Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | | | - Annop Klamchuen
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), NSTDA, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sakon Rahong
- College of Materials Innovation and Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Rd., Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Takao Yasui
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Department of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan; Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
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de Andrade CES, de Souza KSC, Galdino OA, de Lima MAF, de Medeiros PJ, Abbott Galvão Ururahy M, Pereira MG, de Almeida JB, de Rezende AA. New-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation: Assessing urinary Wilm's tumor-1 protein to predict renal allograft dysfunction. Adv Med Sci 2024:S1896-1126(24)00015-4. [PMID: 38490331 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is a frequent metabolic complication associated with podocyte damage and renal allograft dysfunction. Thus, Wilm's tumor-1 (WT-1) protein, as a podocyte marker, holds promise as an option to evaluate renal allograft dysfunction in NODAT. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate urinary WT-1 levels in NODAT patients during the first year after kidney transplantation (KTx). MATERIALS AND METHODS KTx patients were categorized into non-NODAT and NODAT groups. Fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urinary WT-1 were measured at 3, 6, 9, and 12-months post-KTx. RESULTS The NODAT group manifested elevated levels of blood glucose and HbA1c during the first year post-KTx. Also, exhibited elevations in ACR and serum creatinine levels at 6, 9, and 12-months post-KTx when compared to non-NODAT group. Conversely, eGFR values in the NODAT group demonstrated significant declines at 3, 6, and 9-months post-KTx relative to non-NODAT. Furthermore, NODAT group exhibited a median annual eGFR of 47 mL/min/1.73 m2. Urinary WT-1 levels at 3, 6, 9, and 12-months post-KTx were significantly higher in the NODAT group compared to non-NODAT. Additionally, noteworthy positive correlations were identified between urinary WT-1 and HbA1c levels, along with significant negative correlations between urinary WT-1 and eGFR at the 3, 6, 9, and 12-months post-KTx. CONCLUSION The increased urinary WT-1 levels from 3-months post-KTx in NODAT patients may indicate the first sign of podocyte injury, predicting a renal allograft dysfunction in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karla Simone Costa de Souza
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ony Araújo Galdino
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo José de Medeiros
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Integrated Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Galvão Pereira
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Integrated Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - José Bruno de Almeida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Integrated Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Adriana Augusto de Rezende
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Isaiah S, Loots DT, van Furth AMT, Davoren E, van Elsland S, Solomons R, van der Kuip M, Mason S. Urinary markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and dysbiosis in paediatric tuberculous meningitis cases undergoing treatment. Gut Pathog 2024; 16:14. [PMID: 38475868 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00609-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) involves infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the meninges and brain. However, recent studies have shown that the immune response and inflammatory processes triggered by TBM can have significant effects on gut microbiota. Disruptions in the gut microbiome have been linked to various systemic consequences, including altered immunity and metabolic dysregulation. Inflammation caused by TBM, antibiotic treatment, and changes in host immunity can all influence the composition of gut microbes. This complex relationship between TBM and the gut microbiome is of great importance in clinical settings. To gain a deeper understanding of the intricate interactions between TBM and the gut microbiome, we report innovative insights into the development of the disease in response to treatment. Ultimately, this could lead to improved outcomes, management strategies and quality of life for individuals affected by TBM. METHOD We used a targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach to investigate metabolites associated with gut metabolism in paediatric participants by analysing the urine samples collected from a control group (n = 40), and an experimental group (n = 35) with confirmed TBM, which were subdivided into TBM stage 1 (n = 8), stage 2 (n = 11) and stage 3 (n = 16). FINDINGS Our metabolomics investigation showed that, of the 78 initially selected compounds of microbiome origin, eight unique urinary metabolites were identified: 2-methylbutyrlglycine, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 3-methylcrotonylglycine, 4-hydroxyhippuric acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid, isobutyrylglycine, and phenylacetylglutamine as urinary markers of dysbiosis in TBM. CONCLUSION These results - which are supported by previous urinary studies of tuberculosis - highlight the importance of gut metabolism and of identifying corresponding microbial metabolites as novel points for the foundation of improved management of TBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Isaiah
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - A Marceline Tutu van Furth
- Vrije Universiteit, Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Emma Children's Hospital, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elmarie Davoren
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Sabine van Elsland
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Regan Solomons
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martijn van der Kuip
- Vrije Universiteit, Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Emma Children's Hospital, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shayne Mason
- Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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Pilz F, Gärtner A, Pluym N, Scherer G, Scherer M. A sensitive GC-MS/MS method for the quantification of benzo[a]pyrene tetrol in urine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05233-9. [PMID: 38459968 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants formed during the incomplete combustion of organic matter such as tobacco. Among these, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) has been classified as a known carcinogen to humans. It unfolds its effect through metabolic activation to BaP-(7R,8S)-diol-(9S,10R)-epoxide (BPDE), the ultimate carcinogen of BaP. In this article, we describe a simple and highly sensitive GC-NICI-MS/MS method for the quantification of urinary BaP-(7R,8S,9R,10S)-tetrol (( +)-BPT I-1), the hydrolysis product of BPDE. The method was validated and showed excellent results in terms of accuracy, precision, and sensitivity (lower limit of quantification (LLOQ): 50 pg/L). In urine samples derived from users of tobacco/nicotine products and non-users, only consumption of combustible cigarettes was associated with a significant increase in BPT I-1 concentrations (0.023 ± 0.016 nmol/mol creatinine, p < 0.001). Levels of users of potentially reduced-risk products as well as non-users were all below the LLOQ. In addition, the urine levels of six occupationally exposed workers were analyzed and showed the highest overall concentrations of BPT I-1 (844.2 ± 336.7 pg/L). Moreover, comparison with concentrations of 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OH-BaP), the major detoxification product of BaP oxidation, revealed higher levels of 3-OH-BaP than BPT I-1 in almost all study subjects. Despite the lower levels, BPT I-1 can provide more relevant information on an individual's cancers susceptibility since BPDE is generated by the metabolic activation of BaP. In conclusion, BPT I-1 is a suitable biomarker to distinguish not only cigarette smokers from non-smokers but also from users of potentially reduced-risk products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Pilz
- ABF, Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr, 5, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Antonia Gärtner
- ABF, Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr, 5, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Nikola Pluym
- ABF, Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr, 5, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Scherer
- ABF, Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr, 5, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Max Scherer
- ABF, Analytisch-Biologisches Forschungslabor GmbH, Semmelweisstr, 5, 82152, Planegg, Germany.
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24
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Chen S, Liu H, Sun Y, Li S, Shi Y, Cheng Z, Zhu H, Sun H. Phthalate Biomarkers Composition in Relation to Fatty Liver: Evidence from Epidemiologic and in vivo studies. Sci Total Environ 2024; 924:171607. [PMID: 38461993 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Phthalates, classified as environmental endocrine disruptors, pose potential toxicity risks to human health. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease is one of the most widespread liver diseases globally. Compared to studies focusing on metabolic disorders in relation to pollutants exposure, the impact of individual factors such as fatty liver on the in vivo metabolism of pollutants is always overlooked. Therefore, this study measured concentrations and composition of phthalate monoesters (mPAEs) in human urine samples, particularly those from fatty liver patients. Furthermore, we induced fatty liver in male Wistar rats by formulating a high-fat diet for twelve weeks. After administering a single dose of DEHP at 500 mg/kg bw through gavage, we compared the levels of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), its metabolites (mDEHPs) and three hepatic metabolic enzymes, namely cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450), UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 (UGT1), and carboxylesterase 1 (CarE1), between the normal and fatty liver rat groups. Compared to healthy individuals (n = 75), fatty liver patients (n = 104) exhibited significantly lower urinary concentrations of ∑mPAEs (median: 106 vs. 166 ng/mL), but with a higher proportion of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate in ∑mDEHPs (25.7 % vs. 9.9 %) (p < 0.05). In the animal experiment, we found that fatty liver in rats prolonged the elimination half-life of DEHP (24.61 h vs. 18.89 h) and increased the contents of CYP450, CarE1, and UGT1, implying the common but differentiated metabolism of DEHP as excess lipid accumulation in liver cells. This study provides valuable information on how to distinguish populations in biomonitoring studies across a diverse population and in assigning exposure classifications of phthalates or similar chemicals in epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yulian Sun
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shuxian Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yixuan Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhipeng Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongkai Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Soleimani Z, Haghshenas R, Farzi Y, Taherkhani A, Shokri Varniab Z, Naserinjad M, Abedinjad P, Salehyan S, Maeiyat A, Gorgani F, Mirzaei S, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Naddafi K, Yunesian M, Mesdaghina A, Farzadfar F. Reference values for metal(loid)s concentrations in the urine samples of healthy Iranian adults: Results from the first nationally representative human biomonitoring study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 84:127424. [PMID: 38507981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study measured the concentrations of arsenic (As), aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in the urine samples of the Iranian adult population. METHODS This nationally representative study was conducted on 490 participants in six provinces of Iran who were selected based on the clustering method. Participants included healthy Iranian adults aged above 25 years without a history of illness and non-smokers. Fasting urine sampling, body composition, and demographic measurements were performed for each participant. Urine samples were analyzed by acid digesting method using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The analysis included descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression using Python programming language. RESULTS The geometrical mean (with corresponding reference values, µg/l) concentrations of metal(loid)s in urine for women, men, and both were 198.2 (625.3), 163.5 (486.1), and 192.5(570.4) for Al, 15.6(51.7), 28.8(71.1), and 21.9 (61.64) for As, 18.5(55.2), 20.7(56.5), and 19.22(55.75) for Pb, 17.9(57.6), 17.9 (53.9), and 17.9(56) for Ni, 13.95(47.5), 20.3(62.2) and 16(51.6) for Cr, 3.5(12.2), 2.9(11.5), and 3.3(12) for Hg, 0.74(2.7), 0.95 (3.6), and 0.81(3.1) for Cd. There was a direct relationship between the concentration of metal(loid)s and demographic indicators and body composition (P<0.05). Moreover, there was a direct relationship between the concentration of As, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Pb with age and wealth index (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The concentrations found could be used as the reference range for As, Al, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Pb for human biomonitoring studies on the Iranian adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Soleimani
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rosa Haghshenas
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Farzi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Taherkhani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shokri Varniab
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Naserinjad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Abedinjad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samet Salehyan
- Health and Work Environment Group, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Abdullah Maeiyat
- Environmental Health Group, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Gorgani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saham Mirzaei
- Institute of methodologies for Environmetal Analysis, Italian National Research Council, 85050 Potenza, Italy
| | - Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mesdaghina
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Boeselt T, Terhorst P, Kroenig J, Nell C, Spielmanns M, Boas U, Veith M, Vogelmeier C, Greulich T, Koczulla AR, Beutel B, Huber J, Heers H. Specific molecular peak analysis by ion mobility spectrometry of volatile organic compounds in urine of COVID-19 patients: A novel diagnostic approach. J Virol Methods 2024:114910. [PMID: 38452823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION SARS-CoV-2 is usually diagnosed from naso-/oropharyngeal swabs which are uncomfortable and prone to false results. This study investigated a novel diagnostic approach to Covid-19 measuring volatile organic compounds (VOC) from patients' urine. METHODS Between June 2020 and February 2021, 84 patients with positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 were recruited as well as 54 symptomatic individuals with negative RT-PCR. Midstream urine samples were obtained for VOC analysis using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) which detects individual molecular components of a gas sample based on their size, configuration, and charge after ionization. RESULTS Peak analysis of the 84 Covid and 54 control samples showed good group separation. In total, 37 individual specific peaks were identified, 5 of which (P134, 198, 135, 75, 136) accounted for significant differences between groups, resulting in sensitivities of 89-94% and specificities of 82-94%. A decision tree was generated from the relevant peaks, leading to a combined sensitivity and specificity of 98% each. DISCUSSION VOC-based diagnosis can establish a reliable separation between urine samples of Covid-19 patients and negative controls. Molecular peaks which apparently are disease-specific were identified. IMS is an additional non-invasive and cheap device for the diagnosis of this ongoing endemic infection. Further studies are needed to validate sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Boeselt
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany, German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - P Terhorst
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany, German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - J Kroenig
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany, German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - C Nell
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany, German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - M Spielmanns
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Zuercher Reha Zentren Klinik Wald, Switzerland; Faculty of Health, Department of Pneumology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Germany
| | - U Boas
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany, German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - M Veith
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany, German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - C Vogelmeier
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany, German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - T Greulich
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany, German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - A R Koczulla
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany, German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Department of Pulmonology, Schoen-Kliniken Berchtesgaden, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - B Beutel
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany, German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - J Huber
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - H Heers
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany.
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Guterstam J, Tavic C, Barosso M, Beck O. A multicomponent LC-MS/MS method for drugs of abuse testing using volumetric DBS and a clinical evaluation by comparison with urine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 243:116075. [PMID: 38457867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug testing commonly use urine as a specimen and immunoassays for screening. The need for supervised urine collection has led to an interest in alternative specimens and a need for using mass spectrometry methods already for screening. In addition, mass spectrometry methods allow for broad multipanel screening which of great value because of the increased number of substances that needs to be covered has increased over time. One alternative specimen of interest for drugs of abuse testing is dried blood spots (DBS) and this work aimed at developing multipanel screening methods based on selected reaction monitoring liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry for both urine and dried finger blood as specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS The urine method comprised 37 analytes and utilised salted out liquid/liquid extraction in 96-well format, respectively, and the blood method comprised 35 analytes, a 10 µL volumetric DBS device and a two-step solvent extraction procedure. In both cases stable isotope labelled internal standards were used for almost all analytes. RESULTS The methods were validated according to forensic standard. The lowest reporting limits were generally set at 100 ng/mL for urine and 1 ng/mL for blood and the accuracy and imprecision were within limits of 15 and 20%. The methods were applied in a clinical study on patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment for opioid dependence. Methadone was detected in all urine and DBS samples, for urine sometimes below the commonly applied screening cutoff limit of 300 ng/mL. In 20 out of 99 cases no other drug was detected in any specimen. The most commonly other detected substances were pregabalin, amphetamine, alprazolam, zopiclone and THCCOOH. Findings in urine and DBS generally agreed well but more positives were detected in DBS. CONCLUSION Multipanel methods using liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry suitable for clinical drug screening were successfully developed for urine and blood collected by finger-pricking and stored as DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joar Guterstam
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Olof Beck
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; ABCLabs AB, Solna, Sweden.
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Yu HJ, Jang E, Woo A, Han IW, Jeon HG, Linh VTN, Park SG, Jung HS, Lee MY. Cancer screening through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy fingerprinting analysis of urinary metabolites using surface-carbonized silver nanowires on a filter membrane. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1292:342233. [PMID: 38309850 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based metabolic profiling has great potential for early cancer diagnosis, but further advancements in analytical methods and clinical evidence studies are required for clinical applications. To improve the cancer diagnostic accuracy of label-free SERS spectral analysis of complex biological fluids, it is necessary to obtain specifically enhanced SERS signals of cancer-related metabolites present at low concentrations. RESULTS This study presents a novel 3D SERS sensor, comprising a surface-carbonized silver nanowire (AgNW)-stacked filter membrane, alongside an optimized urine/methanol/chloroform extraction technique, which specifically changes the molecular adsorption and orientation of aromatic metabolites onto SERS substrates. By analyzing the pretreated urine samples on the surface-carbonized AgNW 3D SERS sensor, distinct and highly enhanced SERS peaks derived from semi-polar aromatic metabolites were observed for pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer samples compared with normal controls. Urine metabolite analysis using SERS fingerprinting successfully differentiated pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer groups from normal control group: normal control (n = 56), pancreatic cancer (n = 40), and prostate cancer (n = 39). SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY We confirmed the clinical feasibility of performing fingerprint analysis of urinary metabolites based on the surface-carbonized AgNW 3D SERS sensor and methanol/chloroform extraction for noninvasive cancer screening. This technology holds potential for large-scale screening owing to its high accuracy, and cost effective, simple and rapid detection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jae Yu
- Medical Device Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Jang
- Nano-Bio Convergence Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayoung Woo
- Medical Device Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - In Woong Han
- Division of Hepato Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang Gyun Jeon
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Vo Thi Nhat Linh
- Nano-Bio Convergence Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gyu Park
- Nano-Bio Convergence Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sang Jung
- Nano-Bio Convergence Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51508, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Young Lee
- Nano-Bio Convergence Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, Gyeongnam, 51508, Republic of Korea.
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Glinka M, Jażdżewska K, Vakh C, Drążkowska I, Bagińska E, Majchrzak T, Młynarczyk M, Rachoń D, Wasik A, Płotka-Wasylka J. Assessment of baby disposable diapers application for urine collection and determination of phthalate metabolites. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 272:116033. [PMID: 38335581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The baby disposable diapers were investigated as a sampling material for urine collection and validated for the evaluation of the exposure of children to xenobiotics. Phthalate metabolites detected in urine samples were chosen as proof-of-concept analytes. For the determination of phthalate metabolites in children's urine samples, high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used. Two sampling approaches were compared, namely sterile containers and baby disposable diapers. Thirty urine samples from infants and toddlers were analyzed by both methods in parallel and the results were compared. It was found that for diaper sampling, lower concentrations of the metabolites were observed, however, the general distribution for particular metabolites remains the same for both methods. For most of the metabolites high determination coefficients were obtained, namely 0.9929 for MEHHP, 0.9836 for MMP, 0.9796 for MECPP, and 0.9784 for 2-cx-MMHP. For MEOHP the determination correlation coefficient was 0.9154, while for MBP was - 0.7771 and MEHP was - 0.5228. In general, for diaper sampling an underestimation for 2-cx-MMHP and MEOHP was observed, while for MMP diaper-based approach provides overestimation. However, the proposed procedure confirms the possibility of using baby disposable diapers as a material for the collection of urine samples for biomonitoring purposes and fast screening of phthalates exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Glinka
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jażdżewska
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland
| | - Christina Vakh
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland; EcoTech Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Izabela Drążkowska
- Department of Neonatology, University Clinical Centre, Gdańsk, Poland; Division of Neonatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bagińska
- Department of Neonatology, University Clinical Centre, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Majchrzak
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland
| | - Michał Młynarczyk
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland
| | - Dominik Rachoń
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wasik
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland
| | - Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland; BioTechMed Center, Research Centre, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Balboni A, Franzo G, Bano L, Urbani L, Segatore S, Rizzardi A, Cordioli B, Cornaggia M, Terrusi A, Vasylyeva K, Dondi F, Battilani M. No viable bacterial communities reside in the urinary bladder of cats with feline idiopathic cystitis. Res Vet Sci 2024; 168:105137. [PMID: 38181480 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Urinary microbial diversities have been reported in humans according to sex, age and clinical status, including painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC). To date, the role of the urinary microbiome in the pathogenesis of PBS/IC is debated. Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) is a chronic lower urinary tract disorder affecting cats with similarities to PBS/IC in women and represents an important problem in veterinary medicine as its aetiology is currently unknown. In this study, the presence of a bacterial community residing in the urinary bladder of cats with a diagnosis of FIC was investigated. Nineteen cats with clinical signs and history of FIC and without growing bacteria in standard urine culture were included and urine collected with ultrasound-guided cystocentesis. Bacterial community was investigated using a culture-dependent approach consisted of expanded quantitative urine culture techniques and a culture-independent approach consisted of 16S rRNA NGS. Several methodological practices were adopted to both avoid and detect any contamination or bias introduced by means of urine collection and processing which could be relevant due to the low microbial biomass environment of the bladder and urinary tract, including negative controls analysis. All the cats included showed no growing bacteria in the urine analysed. Although few reads were originated using 16S rRNA NGS, a comparable pattern was observed between urine samples and negative controls, and no taxa were confidently classified as non-contaminant. The results obtained suggest the absence of viable bacteria and of bacterial DNA of urinary origin in the urinary bladder of cats with FIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bano
- Diagnostic and Microbiology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Vicolo Mazzini 4, 31020, Villorba, Treviso, Italy
| | - Lorenza Urbani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Segatore
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Rizzardi
- Diagnostic and Microbiology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Vicolo Mazzini 4, 31020, Villorba, Treviso, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cordioli
- Diagnostic and Microbiology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Vicolo Mazzini 4, 31020, Villorba, Treviso, Italy
| | - Matteo Cornaggia
- Diagnostic and Microbiology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Vicolo Mazzini 4, 31020, Villorba, Treviso, Italy
| | - Alessia Terrusi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kateryna Vasylyeva
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Mara Battilani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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31
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Sezigen S, Kaya SI, Bakirhan NK, Ozkan SA. Development of a molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensor for the selective detection of nerve agent VX metabolite ethyl methylphosphonic acid in human plasma and urine samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1505-1515. [PMID: 38267586 PMCID: PMC10861733 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on the detection of ethyl methyl phosphonic acid (EMPA), a metabolite of the banned organophosphorus nerve agent VX. We developed an electrochemical sensor utilizing the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based on 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA) and tetraethyl orthosilicate for the selective detection of EMPA in human plasma and urine samples. The 4-ABA@EMPA/MIP/GCE sensor was constructed by a thermal polymerization process on a glassy carbon electrode and sensor characterization was performed by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The 4-ABA@EMPA/MIP/GCE sensor demonstrated impressive linear ranges 1.0 × 10-10 M-2.5 × 10-9 M for the standard solution, 1.0 × 10-10 M-2.5 × 10-9 M for the urine sample, and 1.0 × 10-10 M-1 × 10-9 M of EMPA for the plasma sample with outstanding detection limits of 2.75 × 10-11 M (standard solution), 2.11 × 10-11 M (urine), and 2.36 × 10-11 M (plasma). The sensor exhibited excellent recovery percentages ranging from 99.86 to 101.30% in urine samples and 100.62 to 101.08% in plasma samples. These findings underscore the effectiveness of the 4-ABA@EMPA/MIP/GCE as a straightforward, highly sensitive, and selective interface capable of detecting the target analyte EMPA in human plasma and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sermet Sezigen
- Department of Medical CBRN Defense, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye.
| | - S Irem Kaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Nurgul K Bakirhan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
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Li J, Zhang H, Li J, Qin N, Wei Q, Li Y, Peng Y, Li H. Assessment of nonylphenol exposure based on global urinary concentration data and its risk analysis. Environ Res 2024; 244:117903. [PMID: 38109959 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) has been recognized as a priority hazardous substance because of its estrogenic activity and ubiquity in the environment. Therefore, it is important to understand the daily intake of NP in humans and evaluate the potential health risks of NP. The median or average estimated daily intake (EDI) of NP was estimated based on urinary NP or alkyl-chain-oxidized NP metabolites concentration data from published epidemiological studies. In brief, we acquired 34 peer-reviewed publications, which contained 14235 samples from twelve countries or regions. The global average estimated daily intake of NP was 1.003 μg/(kg bw·day), which was lower than the tolerable daily intake recommended by the Danish Veterinary and Food Authority [5 μg/(kg bw·day)]. Korea had the highest exposure level [3.471 μg/(kg bw·day)] among different countries or regions. Compared with the adult [0.743 μg/(kg bw·day)] and pregnant women [0.806 μg/(kg bw·day)] groups, the children group had the highest estimated daily intake of NP at 2.368 μg/(kg bw·day). Besides, the global NP risk hazard quotient was 0.201, and the risk hazard quotients of all countries or regions were less than 1. However, the global HQ value of the 95th quantile population was 2.299, which was much higher than 1, the potential health risk cannot be ignored and needs to be confirmed by more research. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the overall NP exposure levels based on published biomonitoring data, and has important implications for assessing the potential effects of NP exposure on human health. In addition, OH-NP is a robust and sensitive novel biomarker for NP, there are fewer studies on the application of this biomarker, and more studies are needed in the future for quantitative exposure and risk assessment of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemei Li
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongling Zhang
- School of Health and Nursing, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juanhua Li
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ning Qin
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiufen Wei
- Division of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Han Li
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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Zhu CZ, Ting HN, Ng KH, Mun KS, Ong TA. Dielectric properties of urine in relation to bladder cancer. Phys Eng Sci Med 2024; 47:61-71. [PMID: 37843766 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-023-01341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the dielectric properties of human and animal tissues, particularly to differentiate between normal cells and tumors. However, these studies are invasive as tissue samples have to be excised to measure the properties. This study aims to investigate the dielectric properties of urine in relation to bladder cancer, which is safe and non-invasive to patients. 30 healthy subjects and 30 bladder cancer patients were recruited. Their urine samples were subjected to urinalysis and cytology assessment. A vector network analyzer was used to measure the dielectric constant (Ɛ') and loss factor (Ɛ″) at microwave frequencies of between 0.2 and 50 GHz at 25 °C, 30 °C and 37 °C. Significant differences in Ɛ' and Ɛ″ were observed between healthy subjects and patients, especially at frequencies of between 25 and 40 GHz at 25 °C. Bladder cancer patients had significant lower Ɛ' and higher Ɛ″ compared with healthy subjects. The Ɛ' was negatively correlated with urinary exfoliated urothelial cell number, and Ɛ″ was positively correlated. The study achieved a receiver operating characteristic area under curve (ROC-AUC) score of 0.69099 and an optimum accuracy of 75% with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 70%. The number of exfoliated urothelial cell had significant effect on the dielectric properties, especially in bladder cancer patients. Urinary dielectric properties could potentially be used as a tool to detect bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Zhe Zhu
- School of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Hua-Nong Ting
- School of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kwan-Hoong Ng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, UCSI University, Springhill, Negri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Kein-Seong Mun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teng-Aik Ong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Song Y, Xu R, Liu D, Zhang J. Development and validation of a simple, fast and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to establish reference intervals for 24-h urinary free normetanephrine, metanephrine and methoxytyramine. Pract Lab Med 2024; 39:e00358. [PMID: 38318432 PMCID: PMC10840320 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2024.e00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To develop and validate a rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to detect urinary free metanephrines and methoxytyramine, establishing reference intervals. Methods Urine samples were diluted with isotope internal standard solution, then analyzed directly using tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring measurement and electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode. Analytical parameters including linearity, lower limit of quantitation, imprecision and accuracy of the method were evaluated. The reference intervals for urinary catecholamine metabolites were established by analyzing 24-h urine samples collected from 81 apparently healthy volunteers. Results The analytical times for MN, NMN, and 3-MT were at 2.79, 2.80, and 2.74 min, respectively. The method displayed excellent linearity (r > 0.99) in the range of 1-1000 ng/mL, with lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) at 0.50 ng/mL for MN and NMN, and 0.25 ng/mL for 3-MT. The method's intra-day and inter-day imprecisions were less than 8 %. The method recovery ranged from 96.8% to 105.8 % for MN, 89.7%-106.4 % for NMN, and 93.5%-106.2 % for 3-MT. No carry-over was observed during the analysis of all analytes. The LC-MS/MS method was used to establish reference intervals in 24-h urine samples from 81 apparently healthy volunteers. There was no association of sex with urinary free metabolites. Conclusion This study established a novel, fast and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for determining urinary free catecholamine metabolites, which could facilitate screening and diagnosis for catecholamine-related tumors more conveniently and quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Runhao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
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Nilyanimit P, Chaithongwongwatthana S, Oranratanaphan S, Poudyal N, Excler JL, Lynch J, Vongpunsawad S, Poovorawan Y. Comparable detection of HPV using real-time PCR in paired cervical samples and concentrated first-stream urine collected with Colli-Pee device. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 108:116160. [PMID: 38184985 PMCID: PMC10877071 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
We compared high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) detection on first-stream urine from self-sampled collection device (Colli-Pee) and same-day clinician-collected cervical swab in 240 women. Testing with automated cobas 4800 system showed 96.7 % concordance (198 concordant-negative, 34 concordant-positive, Cohen's kappa=0.87). HPV testing on Colli-Pee urine offers advantages for acceptable non-invasive HPV screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornjarim Nilyanimit
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Shina Oranratanaphan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
| | | | | | - Julia Lynch
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sompong Vongpunsawad
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Road Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Zhou S, Wang H, Tang J, Wang H, Yan J. Simultaneous speciation analysis of arsenic and iodine in human urine by high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:555-562. [PMID: 38091252 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry-based method was developed for the simultaneous determination of four iodine species (i.e. iodate, 3-iodo-tyrosine, 3,5-diiodo-tyrosine, and iodide) and six arsenic species (i.e. arsenobetaine, arsenite, dimethylarsinic acid, arsenocholine, methylarsonic acid, and arsenate) in human urine. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Dionex IonPac As7 anion exchange column. The mobile phase was initiated with 0.5 mmol/L ammonium carbonate solution, followed by 50 mmol/L ammonium carbonate/100 mmol/L ammonium nitrate solution (with 4% methanol). The limits of quantification of the analytes ranged from 0.045 to 2.26 μg/L. At three spiked levels (10.0, 20.0, 50.0 μg/L), the average recoveries (%) ranged from 87.4 to 113.1%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD, %) ranged from 0.4 to 17.2%. The ratio of the sum of six arsenic species to the total arsenic measured by ICPMS ranged from 77.4 to 121.2%, and the ratio of the sum of the four iodine species to the total iodine ranged from 70.7 to 114.7%, indicating a good agreement between these two methods for both arsenic and iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Zhou
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Zhoushan Central Blood Station, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianbo Yan
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China.
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Marín-Sáez J, Hernández-Mesa M, Gallardo-Ramos JA, Gámiz-Gracia L, García-Campaña AM. Assessing human exposure to pesticides and mycotoxins: optimization and validation of a method for multianalyte determination in urine samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1935-1949. [PMID: 38321180 PMCID: PMC10901940 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to an increasing number of contaminants, with diet being one of the most important exposure routes. In this framework, human biomonitoring is considered the gold standard for evaluating human exposure to chemicals. Pesticides and mycotoxins are chemicals of special concern due to their health implications. They constitute the predominant border rejection notifications for food and feed in Europe and the USA. However, current biomonitoring studies are focused on a limited number of compounds and do not evaluate mycotoxins and pesticides together. In this study, an analytical method has been developed for the determination of 30 pesticides and 23 mycotoxins of concern in urine samples. A salting-out liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) procedure was optimized achieving recoveries between 70 and 120% for almost all the compounds and limits as lower as when QuEChERS was applied. The compounds were then determined by liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Different chromatographic conditions and analytical columns were tested, selecting a Hypersild gold aQ column as the best option. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of 45 urine samples, in which organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides (detection rates (DR) of 82% and 42%, respectively) and ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol (DR of 51% and 33%, respectively) were the most detected compounds. The proposed analytical method involves the simultaneous determination of a diverse set of pesticides and mycotoxins, including their most relevant metabolites, in human urine. It serves as an essential tool for biomonitoring the presence of highly prevalent contaminants in modern society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Marín-Sáez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain.
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, 04120, Almeria, Spain.
| | - Maykel Hernández-Mesa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose A Gallardo-Ramos
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Science, Applied Mycology Group, AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, University of Lleida, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Laura Gámiz-Gracia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana M García-Campaña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Peris-Camarasa B, Pardo O, Fernández SF, Dualde P, Coscollà C. Risk assessment and predictors of the exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Spanish adults by urinary human biomonitoring. Chemosphere 2024; 352:141330. [PMID: 38301841 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced primarily during incomplete combustion of organic matter and in various industrial processes. They are widespread environmental pollutants that are of significant interest due to their potential toxicity. Humans can be exposed to PAHs through ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact. In the present study, ten urinary PAH biomarkers were determined in first-morning urine samples (n = 504) from the adult population (aged 18-65 years) residing in the Valencian Region of Spain. These samples were analysed using liquid-liquid extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). All PAH biomarkers were quantified in more than 65 % of the urine samples. Naphthalene biomarkers, 1-hydroxynaphthalene (1OHNAP) and 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2OHNAP), exhibited the highest levels with geometric means (GMs) of 0.7 and 11.9 μg L-1, respectively. The 95th percentile of all PAH biomarkers ranged from 0.22 to 64.8 μg L-1. Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) for the analysed PAH families in the studied population ranged from 17 (pyrene) to 18581 (naphthalene) ng·kg-bw-1·day-1 (GM). Significant associations were observed between the quantified urinary metabolites of PAHs and smoking status, home location, annual household incomes, BMI, and the consumption of grilled food in the last 24 h. Hazard quotients (HQs) of naphthalene and consequently, hazard indexes (HIs) were above 1, especially for smokers. Therefore, potential health risks associated with PAH exposure in the target population could not be discarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Peris-Camarasa
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Avda. Cataluña, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Olga Pardo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Sandra F Fernández
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Avda. Cataluña, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Doctor Moliner, 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Pablo Dualde
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Avda. Cataluña, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Coscollà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region, FISABIO-Public Health, Avda. Cataluña, 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
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Kordas K, Ghazal D, Queirolo EI, Olson JR, Beledo MI, Browne RW. Temperature stability of urinary F 2-isoprostane and 8-hydroxy-2 '-deoxyguanosine. Pract Lab Med 2024; 39:e00373. [PMID: 38420043 PMCID: PMC10901129 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2024.e00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical and epidemiological studies employ long-term temperature storage but the effect of temperature on the stability of oxidative stress (OS) markers is unknown. We investigated the effects of storage at -20 °C and -80 °C over 4-9 months on F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoP) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in urine of children, a population group among whom the measurement of these markers is still limited. Methods Paired spot urine samples from 87 children aged 8.9-16.9 years (52.9% boys) were analyzed. Samples were preserved with 0.005% (w/v) butylated hydroxytoluene, portioned and stored within 2.5 h (median) of collection. Samples were analyzed in duplicate or triplicate using commercial ELISA kits and their correlations were evaluated. Results F2-IsoP and 8-OHdG showed high correlations (Spearman rho of 0.90 and 0.97, respectively; P < 0.0001) with storage at -20 °C and -80 °C. There was a strong agreement among categories of values for F2-IsoP (Kappa = 0.76 ± 0.08, agreement = 83.9%, P < 0.0001) and 8-OHdG: (Kappa = 0.83 ± 0.08, agreement = 88.4%, P < 0.0001). The correlation between the temperatures for F2-IsoP concentrations was also high when stored for <4 (0.93), 4 (0.93), and 5 months (0.88), all P < 0.0001. For 8-OHdG, Spearman correlations at <8, 8, and 9 months of storage at -20 °C and -80 °C were 0.95, 0.98, and 0.96 (all P < 0.0001), respectively. Conclusions Urine storage with BHT for up to nine months at a temperature of -20 °C to -80 °C yields highly comparable concentrations of F2-IsoP and 8-OHdG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, 270 Farber Hall, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Diala Ghazal
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Elena I Queirolo
- Department of Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - James R Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, 270 Farber Hall, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - María Inés Beledo
- Department of Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Richard W Browne
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Yu J, Ren J, Ren Y, Wu Y, Zeng Y, Zhang Q, Xiao X. Using metabolomics and proteomics to identify the potential urine biomarkers for prediction and diagnosis of gestational diabetes. EBioMedicine 2024; 101:105008. [PMID: 38368766 PMCID: PMC10882130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic complications during pregnancy, threatening both maternal and fetal health. Prediction and diagnosis of GDM is not unified. Finding effective biomarkers for GDM is particularly important for achieving early prediction, accurate diagnosis and timely intervention. Urine, due to its accessibility in large quantities, noninvasive collection and easy preparation, has become a good sample for biomarker identification. In recent years, a number of studies using metabolomics and proteomics approaches have identified differential expressed urine metabolites and proteins in GDM patients. In this review, we summarized these potential urine biomarkers for GDM prediction and diagnosis and elucidated their role in development of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yaolin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Terzi M, Manousi N, Tzanavaras PD, Zacharis CK. Utilization of a pH-switchable hydrophilicity solvent for the microextraction of clomipramine from human urine samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1235:124060. [PMID: 38417274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Clomipramine (CLP) is a tricyclic antidepressant drug, and its determination in biological samples is of high importance in clinical and forensic evaluations to assure appropriate drug concentrations. In the present study, benzoic acid was employed as a pH-switchable hydrophilicity solvent (SHS) for the microextraction of CLP from authentic human urine samples prior to its determination by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The microextraction protocol was based on the phase transition of the SHS through pH alteration that resulted in its rapid dispersion and simultaneous phase separation. The obtained solid was collected in a syringe filter, dissolved in methanol, and analyzed. The main parameters that affected the efficiency of the microextraction procedure were studied and optimized to ensure high extraction efficiency for CLP and the analytical method was validated. Under optimum conditions, good linearity was observed between 0.05 and 5.0 μg mL-1. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.015 and 0.05 μg mL-1, respectively. The RSD values for intra-day repeatability and inter-day precision were 2.4-8.9 % and 1.7-9.1 %, respectively. The relative recovery values were within 90.0 and 110.0 % in all cases, demonstrating good method accuracy. The proposed SHS microextraction showed cost-efficiency, handling simplicity, and rapidity resulting in enhanced sample throughput. Moreover, the proposed method exhibited a green character and good applicability based on its evaluation by Green Analytical Procedure Index and Blue Applicability Grade Index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Terzi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Paraskevas D Tzanavaras
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Constantinos K Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Zhao LY, Qin M, Wu GP, Zhou YT, Zhu JX, Peng H. Quantitative determination of amphetamine-type stimulants in sewage and urine by hybrid monolithic column solid-phase microextraction coupled with UPLC-QTRAP MS/MS. Talanta 2024; 269:125437. [PMID: 38070282 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A needle-solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method based on hybrid monolithic column (HMC) was proposed for simultaneous separation and extraction of seven amphetamine-type stimulants (ATSs) (amphetamine, methamphetamine, cathinone, methcathinone, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine), combining with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTRAP MS/MS). Thiol functionalized HMC (T-HMC) showed high extraction efficiency and excellent elution results towards target analytes, among three kinds of single/bi-functionalized HMCs. Various parameters of SPME operation and analytical performance were investigated systematically. The adsorption mechanism of T-HMC to ATSs was also discussed and explained as a mixed mode of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the proposed T-HMC needle-SPME-UPLC-QTRAP MS/MS method was rapid and convenient with good accuracy, low sample consumption, high sensitivity and strong anti-interference ability. This method was successfully applied to quantitative determination of seven trace ATSs in complex sewage and urine samples. In view of abundant types of HMCs, the needle-SPME based on functional HMC also had the potential to selectively separating and enriching other tract new psychoactive substances in complex matrices, and could provide a reliable tool for drug monitoring, especially in applications for forensic analysis and drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Zhao
- Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing 210031, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Technical and Criminal Inspection of Food, Drug and Environmental Cases, Nanjing 210031, China.
| | - Mian Qin
- Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing 210031, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Technical and Criminal Inspection of Food, Drug and Environmental Cases, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Guo-Ping Wu
- Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing 210031, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Technical and Criminal Inspection of Food, Drug and Environmental Cases, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Yi-Tong Zhou
- Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Zhu
- Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing 210031, China
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Anudit C, Saraisuwan P, Kimterng C, Puangmanee C, Bamphensin N, Kerdsin A. Dissemination of Urinary Escherichia coli Phylogroup B2 in Provincial and Community Hospitals in Uthai Thani, Central Thailand. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024:JJID.2023.376. [PMID: 38417863 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacterium that prominently causes a variety of clinical infections in humans, such as diarrhea, sepsis, and urinary tract infection. This bacterium is a common multidrug-resistant threat in community and hospital settings worldwide. This study examined the antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic relationship based on Clermont phylotyping and ERIC-PCR of 84 E. coli urinary isolates from provincial and community hospitals in Thailand. All the isolates were completely susceptible to nitrofurantoin, whereas almost all isolates were susceptible to carbapenem, fosfomycin, and amikacin. A high resistance rate was found to fluoroquinolone, ampicillin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Clermont phylogroup B2 was predominant (n=58). Subtyping of the B2 phylogroup revealed diverse subgroups, of which subgroup V (n=11) was predominant, followed by VII (n=9), III (n=6), and II (n=6). ERIC-PCR showed the strain of the B2 subgroups III and V were spread between provincial and community hospitals and between hospital wards. This evidence suggested the need for comprehensive infection control monitoring, with strong active surveillance at all hospital levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nicharee Bamphensin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Thailand
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44
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Chen Q, Tan S, Long S, Wang K, Liu Q. Vagococcus fluvialis isolation from the urine of a bladder cancer patient: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:261. [PMID: 38409020 PMCID: PMC10898091 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vagococcus fluvialis infection is rare in humans, and there is limited research on the clinical manifestations and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Vagococcus fluvialis infection. Here, We isolated Vagococcus fluvialis from the urine samples of bladder cancer patients at Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, and it is the first reported case of Vagococcus fluvialis isolated from the urine. The fully automated microbial identification system and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) identified the bacterium as Vagococcus fluvialis with a confidence level of 99.9%. The VITEK-2Compact fully automated microbial susceptibility analysis system indicated that it was most sensitive to tigecycline, vancomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, linezolid, and showed moderate sensitivity to erythromycin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and tetracycline. Additionally, it exhibited synergy when combined with high-level gentamicin and vancomycin, showing sensitivity. However, it displayed poor activity against penicillin and furanth. According to our knowledge, this is the first study to isolate and identify Vagococcus fluvialis from the urine of bladder cancer patients and the systematically reviewed other reported Vagococcus infections on human, which provide an experimental basis for guiding the rational use of drugs in the clinical treatment and diagnose of Vagococcus fluvialis infection and related pathogenic mechanism research. Meanwhile, we have systematically reviewed other reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 410005, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Siwen Tan
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 410005, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Province People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 410005, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 410005, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 410005, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
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Noiri E, Katagiri D, Asai Y, Sugaya T, Tokunaga K. Urine oxygenation predicts COVID-19 risk. Clin Exp Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s10157-023-02456-5. [PMID: 38400935 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-023-02456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Since February, 2023, the omicron variant has accounted for essentially all new coronavirus infections in Japan. If future infections involve mutant strains with the same level of infectivity and virulence as omicron, the government's basic policy will be to prevent the spread of infection, without compromising socioeconomic activities. Objectives include protecting pregnant women and elderly persons, and focusing on citizens requiring hospitalization and those at risk of serious illness, without imposing new social restrictions. Although the government tries to raise public awareness through education, most people affected by COVID-19 stay at home, and by the time patients become aware of the seriousness of their disease, it has often reached moderate or higher severity. In this review, we discuss why this situation persists even though the disease seems to have become milder with the shift from the delta variant to omicron. We also propose a pathophysiological method to determine the risk of severe illness. This assessment can be made at home in the early stages of COVID-19 infection, using urine analysis. Applicability of this method to drug discovery and development is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisei Noiri
- National Center Biobank Network (NCBN), Central Biobank, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Katagiri
- Department of Nephrology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Asai
- Antimicrobial Resistance Clinical Reference Center, Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- National Center Biobank Network (NCBN), Central Biobank, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
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Alkufi AA, Oleiwi MH, Abojassim AA. Comparison of Heavy Metals in Urine Samples of Smoker and Non-smoker Persons. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04097-5. [PMID: 38386229 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the concentrations of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) in the two groups of cigarette smokers and non-smokers in five age range groups were measured. Heavy metal concentrations were collected in participants' urine samples and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that the concentrations of these metals in the urine of smokers were higher than in non-smoker subjects. The mean concentration of Cd, Cr, and Pb for smokers were 1.188 ± 0.931, 1.929 ± 0.940, and 0.069 ± 0.023, respectively, while the mean concentration of Cd, Cr, and Pb for non-smokers were 0.151 ± 0.165, 0.203 ± 0.218, and 0.037 ± 0.030, respectively. The results revealed statistically significant differences when comparing the samples of smokers to the control group in all heavy metals in the present study. Also, the results revealed statistically significant differences in Cd, Cr, and Pb when comparing the samples of smokers to age groups. The trend of metals in urine samples in two groups (smokers and non-smokers) is as follows: Cd > Cr > Pb. The concentration of Cd, Cr, and Pb in all samples of the present study was higher than the biological limit, according to ACGIH. Therefore, Cd, Cr, and Pb were the most critical metals accumulated in the urine of cigarette smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhussein A Alkufi
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
- Education Directorate of Najaf, Ministry of Education, Al-Najaf, Iraq
| | - Mohanad H Oleiwi
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Abid Abojassim
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Al-Najaf, Iraq.
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Brasseler M, Mischak H, Schanstra JP, Michel JM, Pape L, Felderhoff-Müser U. Gestational Age-Related Urinary Peptidome Changes in Preterm and Term Born Infants. Neonatology 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38382482 DOI: 10.1159/000535355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm infants are at risk for a variety of somatic and neurological disorders. In recent years, biofluid proteomics has emerged as a potential diagnostic tool for biomarker analysis. The aim of this study was to determine gestational age (GA)-related patterns of the urinary peptidome in preterm infants for researching potential novel prognostic biomarkers. METHODS We performed urinary peptidomics in longitudinal samples of 24 preterm (mean GA weeks 28 + 1 [24+1-31 + 6]) and 27 term born controls (mean GA weeks 39 + 2 [37+0-41 + 1]) using capillary electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry (CE-MS). Peptides were sequenced using CE-MS/MS or LC-MS/MS analysis and were deposited, matched, and annotated in a Microsoft SQL database for statistical analysis. We compared their abundance in urine of preterm and term born infants and performed a validation analysis as well as correlations to GA and clinical risk scores. RESULTS Our results confirmed significant differences in the abundance of peptides and the hypothesis of age-dependent urinary peptidome changes in preterm and term infants. In preterm infants, SLC38A10 (solute carrier family 38 member 10) is one of the most abundant peptides. Combined urinary peptides correlated with clinical risk scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This is the first study reporting GA-related urinary peptidome changes of preterm infants detected by CE-MS and a modulation of the peptidome with GA. Further research is required to locate peptidome clusters correlated with specific clinical complications and long-term outcome. This may identify preterm infants at higher risk for adverse outcome who would benefit from early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maire Brasseler
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care, Pediatric Infectiology, Pediatric Neurology and Centre for Translational and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Harald Mischak
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joost P Schanstra
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Juliane Marie Michel
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care, Pediatric Infectiology, Pediatric Neurology and Centre for Translational and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Pape
- Department of Pediatrics II, Nephrology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Transplantation, Endocrinology and Sonography, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ursula Felderhoff-Müser
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care, Pediatric Infectiology, Pediatric Neurology and Centre for Translational and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Xiao H, Hu L, Tang T, Zhong J, Xu Q, Cai X, Xiang F, Yang P, Mei H, Zhou A. Prenatal phthalate exposure and neurodevelopmental differences in twins at 2 years of age. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:533. [PMID: 38378488 PMCID: PMC10880363 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of singletons evaluating prenatal phthalate exposure and early neurodevelopment reported mixed results and the associations could be biased by parental, obstetrical, and genetic factors. METHODS A co-twin control design was employed to test whether prenatal phthalate exposure was associated with children's neurocognitive development. We collected information from 97 mother-twin pairs enrolled in the Wuhan Twin Birth Cohort between March 2016 and October 2018. Fourteen phthalate metabolites were measured in maternal urine collected at each trimester. Neurodevelopmental differences in twins at the age of two were examined as the outcome of interest. Multiple informant model was used to examine the covariate-adjusted associations of prenatal phthalate exposure with mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI) scores assessed at 2 years of age based on Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Second Edition). This model also helps to identify the exposure window of susceptibility. RESULTS Maternal urinary levels of mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate (MEOHP) (β = 1.91, 95% CI: 0.43, 3.39), mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) (β = 1.56, 95% CI: 0.33, 2.79), and the sum of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (∑DEHP) (β = 1.85, 95% CI: 0.39, 3.31) during the first trimester showed the strongest and significant positive associations with intra-twin MDI difference. When stratified with twin chorionicity, the positive associations of monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), individual DEHP metabolites, and ∑DEHP exposure during pregnancy with intra-twin neurodevelopmental differences were more significant in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins than those in dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twins. CONCLUSIONS Neurodevelopmental differences in MCDA twins were strongly associated with prenatal phthalate exposure. Our findings warrant further confirmation in longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Liqin Hu
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Operating Room, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jufang Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiao Xu
- Delivery Room, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Cai
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Feiyan Xiang
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hong Mei
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Sharma P, Roy A, Dhamija RK, Bhushan S, Baswal K, Kulandaisamy R, Yadav S, Kumar S, Inampudi KK. A comprehensive proteomic profiling of urinary exosomes and the identification of early non-invasive biomarker in patients with coronary artery disease. J Proteomics 2024; 293:105059. [PMID: 38151158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.105059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Urinary small extracellular vesicles or exosomes (uEVs) source could be an emerging trove of biomarkers in coronary artery disease (CAD). It is a chronic inflammatory disease having a long asymptomatic phase of fatty-fibrous development in arteries leading to angina, myocardial infarction, and death. Our study was aimed at identifying differential protein expression profiling of uEVs in CAD. We collected urine samples of CAD patients (n = 41) age 18-65 years and gender matched healthy controls (n = 41). We isolated uEVs using differential ultracentrifugation. Further, uEV samples were characterized by western blotting exosome markers (Flotillin, TSG, CD63, and CD9), nano tracking analysis, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A total of 508 proteins were identified by iTRAQ-based mass spectrometry. We observed protein expression levels of AZGP1, SEMG1/2, ORM1, IGL, SERPINA5, HSPG2, prosaposin, gelsolin, and CD59 were upregulated, and UMOD, KNG1, AMBP, prothrombin, and TF were downregulated. Protein-protein interactions, gene ontology and pathway analysis were performed to functionally annotate identified uEVs proteins. A novel uEVs differential protein signature is shown. On validating UMOD protein by ELISA in two clinically different CAD, stable-CAD patients had lower levels than healthy controls whereas recent myocardial infarction patients had lowest. Our findings suggest UMOD importance as early diagnostic biomarker. SIGNIFICANCE: Coronary artery disease is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by gradual deposition of cholesterol and fat along with other proteins to develop plaque inside arteries. This further leads to blockage of artery, heart attack and death. There are no identifiable early biomarkers to diagnose this. For the first time, we have identified the differentially expressed proteins isolated from non-invasive uEV of CAD patients compared to healthy controls by using MS Orbitrap and iTRAQ labelling of peptides. We have identified decreased levels of UMOD protein in CAD. These findings have been confirmed by ELISA. Furthermore, the levels of UMOD were observed as more highly decreased in recent myocardial infarction CAD patients, indicating the importance of this protein as an early diagnostic biomarker. Conclusively, our study represents a non-invasive urinary EVs trove of differentially expressed proteins in CAD. This will form a groundwork for understanding the pathophysiology of CAD and will help in future translational research utilizing uEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma
- Human Behaviour Department, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India; Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ambuj Roy
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajinder K Dhamija
- Human Behaviour Department, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudha Bhushan
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamal Baswal
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Satyavir Yadav
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Department of Health Education and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden
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50
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Liu J, Wang L, Li S, Lin Z, Yang G, Miao Z. Association of urine glyphosate levels with renal injury biomarkers in children living close to major vegetable-producing regions in China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168677. [PMID: 38007119 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY)-based herbicides exposure contributes to renal dysfunction in experimental conditions, but the effects on humans are rarely reported. Biomonitoring is practically relevant for evaluating the association of urine GLY levels and renal damage in children living close to vegetable-cultivating regions. In this study, we collected the first-morning void urine samples of 239 healthy children (aged 3-12, 48.12 % boys) living near major vegetable-producing regions in March-May and August 2023 in Shandong Province, China. Urine levels of GLY and kidney injury-associated biomarkers were determined using ELISA kits to assess their correlation. GLY was detected in 92.05 % of urine samples (220 out of 239 participants) and the geometric concentration (GM) was 7.429 μg/L (range: 0.625 to 38.267 μg/L). Binary logistic regression and multivariate regression analysis revealed GLY detectability and levels positively correlated with home ventilation and self-producing vegetable intake of the subjects, as well as sampling periods. Moreover, a statistically significant concentration association with urine GLY was found for kidney injury-associated biomarkers (NGAL and KIM-1) (R2 = 0.923 and 0.855, respectively). Additionally, risk assessment revealed that the maximum value of probable daily intake was 0.150 mg/kg bw/day, accounting for 30.1 % of the established Acceptable Daily Intake of GLY. This study unveils a positive correlation between continuous GLY-based herbicide exposure and renal injury biomarkers of children. A large-scale epidemiological study is warranted for comprehensively assessing the effects of GLY-based herbicides on kidney function of the entire public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Liu
- College of Biological and Brewing Engineering, Taishan University, Tai'an City, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- The Second Children & Women's Healthcare of Ji'nan City, Laiwu City, China
| | - Song Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan City, China
| | - Zhenxian Lin
- College of Biological and Brewing Engineering, Taishan University, Tai'an City, China
| | - Guangcheng Yang
- College of Biological and Brewing Engineering, Taishan University, Tai'an City, China
| | - Zengmin Miao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an City, China.
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