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Santos Silva MMD, Boucault CHM, Steagall W, Hanashiro FS, Baldini Cardoso CDA, de Souza-Zaroni WC, Youssef MN, Amaral SFD. Influence of Different Surface Treatments on the Bond Strength of Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Ceramic. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024. [PMID: 38579157 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This in vitro study evaluates the shear bond strength (SBS) of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) and resin cement after different surface treatments. Materials and methods: Forty-eight ceramic cubes were divided into four groups (n = 12): G1 (control) sandblasting with Al2O3; G2-sandblasting with silica-coated Al2O3 (Rocatec); G3-Rocatec + CO2 laser; and G4-CO2 laser + Rocatec. A metallic primer was applied to the pretreated ceramic. A rubber ring was adapted on the central area, and then, the resin cement was inserted into the matrix and photoactivated. The samples were evaluated regarding surface roughness (Ra), SBS, failure type, and qualitatively with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Results: The mean values of Ra (μm) were as follows: G1-4.52a, G2-4.24a,b, G3-4.10a,b, and G4-2.90b and the mean values of SBS (MPa) were as follows: G1-7.84a , G2-4.41b , G3-4.61b and G4-6.14a,b. SEM analyses showed superficial irregularities for all groups, being more prominent for G1. The presence of silica deposits was observed for G2, G3, and G4, but in the last two groups there were some linear areas, promoted by the fusion of silica, due to the thermomechanical action of the CO2 laser. Conclusions: The surface treatment with CO2 laser + Rocatec, using one MDP-based cement, can be an alternative protocol for the adhesion cementation of Y-TZP ceramic since it was as effective as the conventional pretreatment with aluminum oxide sandblasting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stella Ferreira do Amaral
- Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Miura S, Shinya A, Koizumi H, Vallittu P, Lassila L, Fujisawa M. Effect of low-temperature degradation and sintering protocols on the color of monolithic zirconia crowns with different yttria contents. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:164-171. [PMID: 38296512 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of low-temperature degradation (LTD) on the L*, a*, and b* values of highly translucent zirconia crowns. Four types of zirconia disks with different yttria contents (IPS e.max ZirCAD LT, IPS e.max ZirCAD MT, IPS e.max ZirCAD MT Multi, IPS e.max ZirCAD Prime, Ivoclar) and two shades (A2 and BL) were used. A crown was manufactured using four types of zirconia and LTD treated. Color measurements were performed, and the color difference (ΔE00) before and after LTD was calculated. The microstructure was determined through X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffractometry. Highly translucent zirconia crowns showed greater changes in the a* and b* values than in the L* value after LTD, regardless of the shade. The Multi2 crowns exhibited a discernible color change due to the LTD treatment. The X-ray fluorescence results did not reveal any apparent change in the microstructure between sintering programs for all zirconia specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Miura
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
| | - Akikazu Shinya
- Department of Dental Materials Sciences, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
| | - Hiroyasu Koizumi
- Department of Dental Materials, Nihon University School of Tokyo
| | - Pekka Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
- Welfare District of County of Southwest Finland
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
| | - Masanori Fujisawa
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry
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Miura S, Shinya A, Ishida Y, Fujita T, Vallittu P, Lassila L, Fujisawa M. The effect of low-temperature degradation and building directions on the mechanical properties of additive-manufactured zirconia. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:800-805. [PMID: 37793824 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of low-temperature degradation (LTD) on the mechanical properties of additive-manufactured zirconia. In addition, the mechanical properties of additive-manufactured were compared with those before aging under similar experimental conditions. This study prepared stereolithography apparatus fabricated zirconia specimens with flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, Vickers hardness, and fracture toughness. The specimen position data were set as parallel (0°), diagonal (45°), and perpendicular (90°) to the direction of the building. The LTD condition was 5 h under 134ºC and 0.2 MPa in an autoclave. It was found that the 0° direction differed significantly from all other conditions before and after aging, and the highest flexural strength was obtained when the additive specimen was manufactured perpendicular to the building direction. However, the results indicate that there is a negligible effect of aging on the mechanical properties of additive-manufactured zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Miura
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
| | - Akikazu Shinya
- Department of Dental Materials Sciences, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
| | - Yoshiki Ishida
- Department of Dental Materials Sciences, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University
| | - Takafumi Fujita
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry
| | - Pekka Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
- Welfare District of County of Southwest Finland
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
| | - Masanori Fujisawa
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry
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He Q, Zhang W, Zhan X, Qin Y, Ye J. Enhanced bioactivity and hydrothermal aging resistance of Y-TZP ceramics for dental implant. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:1824-1839. [PMID: 37255008 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) ceramics have been widely used as restorative materials due to their high mechanical strength, unique esthetic effect, and good biocompatibility, their general application to implant materials is still limited by their biological inertness and hydrothermal aging phenomenon. Existing studies have attempted to investigate how to enhance the bioactivity or hydrothermal aging resistance of Y-TZP. Still, more studies need to be done on the modification that combines these two aspects. In this study, Y-TZP was prepared by 77S bioactive glass (BG) sol and akermanite (AKT) sol infiltration and microwave sintering, which provided Y-TZP with high bioactivity while maintaining resistance to hydrothermal aging. Results of phase composition evaluation, microstructural characteristics, and mechanical property tests showed that modified Y-TZP specimens exhibited little or no tetragonal-to-monoclinic (t → m) transformation and maintained relatively high mechanical properties after accelerated hydrothermal aging treatment. The in vitro biological behaviors showed that the introduction of 77S BG and AKT significantly promoted cell adhesion, spreading, viability, and proliferation on the surface of modified Y-TZP ceramics. Therefore, this modification could effectively enhance the bioactivity and hydrothermal aging resistance of Y-TZP ceramics for its application in dental implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixuan He
- School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenmin Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhan
- Hospital of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Qin
- School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Ye
- School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Liu X, Aarts JM, Ma S, Choi JJE. The impact of different polishing systems on yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline crowns in relation to heat generation. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:799-809. [PMID: 37608597 PMCID: PMC10582218 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the heat generation on yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) crowns during polishing with coarse and fine polishing systems at various speeds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two polishers (coarse and fine) at three polishing speeds were investigated. Two simulation models of the first mandibular molars were prepared for full coverage Y-TZP restorations with different reduction dimensions. Preheated water was pumped into the abutment chamber, to simulate the intrapulpal temperature and blood flow. Twelve Y-TZP crowns (3M™ Lava™ Esthetic) were milled for each prepared tooth abutment and each cusp (n = 10) was individually ground for 30 s and polished for 2 min. Thermocouple wire was secured to the intaglio surface of the crown and linked to a data logger for recording temperature changes. Selected scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the treated surfaces and polishers were analyzed. The data was statistically analyzed using Prism 9. RESULTS The highest temperature rise was observed in the 20,000 RPM polishing speed groups for both coarse and fine polishing, and higher than the threshold value of 5.5°C for pulp damage. The Kruskal-Wallis test, revealed statistically significant differences (p < .0001) in heat generation between low (10,000 RPM) and high (20,000 RPM) polishing speeds. CONCLUSIONS High-speed polishing at 20,000 RPM generated the most heat over the threshold of 5.5°C, which would threaten the dental pulp. The results suggest that a cautionary approach should be taken to high-speed intraoral polishing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dental clinicians should be aware of the choice of polishing systems and speeds to avoid pulp damage from intraoral polishing of Y-TZP restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Liu
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - John M. Aarts
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Sunyoung Ma
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Joanne Jung Eun Choi
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
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6
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Miura S, Shinya A, Ishida Y, Fujisawa M. Mechanical and surface properties of additive manufactured zirconia under the different building directions. J Prosthodont Res 2023; 67:410-417. [PMID: 36403961 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_22_00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigates the mechanical and surface properties of zirconia manufactured using additive manufacturing (AM) technology and the effect of the building direction on the mechanical and surface properties. METHODS Specimens were prepared using ZrO2 paste (3DMix ZrO2; 3DCeram) and a three-dimensional printing system (CeraMaker 900; 3DCeram) based on the principles of stereolithography (SLA). The mechanical properties (flexural strength, Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, elastic modulus, and Poisson's ratio) and surface properties (chemical composition and surface observation) were evaluated for three building directions (parallel, diagonal, and perpendicular) to investigate the relationship between the building directions and the anisotropy of the mechanical and surface properties of SLA-manufactured zirconia. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's honestly significant difference test. RESULTS The highest flexural strength was obtained for a perpendicular building direction. The flexural strength was significantly higher in the perpendicular direction than in the parallel and diagonal directions; it was also significantly higher in the diagonal direction than in the parallel direction (P<0.05). The Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and chemical composition did not differ significantly. Microstructural observations revealed that the layers, large crystals, and pores were more prominent in the parallel direction. CONCLUSIONS The flexural strength and surface structure of the tested SLA-manufactured zirconia were influenced by the building direction; however, other mechanical properties remained unaffected. The layer boundaries affected the anisotropic behavior of the builds to a certain extent, owing to the layer-by-layer production method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Miura
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative & Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Akikazu Shinya
- Department of Dental Materials Sciences, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Japan
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Yoshiki Ishida
- Department of Dental Materials Sciences, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Japan
| | - Masanori Fujisawa
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative & Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Japan
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Kongkiatkamon S, Rokaya D, Kengtanyakich S, Peampring C. Current classification of zirconia in dentistry: an updated review. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15669. [PMID: 37465158 PMCID: PMC10351515 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Zirconia, a crystalline oxide of zirconium, holds good mechanical, optical, and biological properties. The metal-free restorations, mostly consisting of all-ceramic/zirconia restorations, are becoming popular restorative materials in restorative and prosthetic dentistry choices for aesthetic and biological reasons. Dental zirconia has increased over the past years producing wide varieties of zirconia for prosthetic restorations in dentistry. At present, literature is lacking on the recent zirconia biomaterials in dentistry. Currently, no article has the latest information on the various zirconia biomaterials in dentistry. Hence, the aim of this article is to present an overview of recent dental zirconia biomaterials and tends to classify the recent zirconia biomaterials in dentistry. This article is useful for dentists, dental technicians, prosthodontists, academicians, and researchers in the field of dental zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchada Kongkiatkamon
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Dinesh Rokaya
- Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Santiphab Kengtanyakich
- Prosthodontic Section, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Chaimongkon Peampring
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Zhu H, Tao HH, Wei M, Liu P, Yuan L, Zhang YN, Wang B, Chen JF. Effects of different frequencies of Er:YAG laser on the bonding properties of zirconia ceramic. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 38:4. [PMID: 36538140 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Er:YAG laser with different frequencies on zirconia ceramic's bonding properties were studied. In total, 42 Y-TZP (yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals, UPCERA ST) with 3 mm × 3 mm × 2 mm divided into 6 groups (n = 7): control (C), sandblasting (SB), and Er:YAG laser (A1-A4), which the frequencies correspond to 5 Hz, 10 Hz, 15 Hz, and 20 Hz, IPS e.max Press ceramics were B. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were recorded. The ceramics were bonded to enamel from extracted teeth. After being constantly stored at 37 ℃ for 24 h, the shear test was performed with a universal testing machine. Stereomicroscope evaluated fracture modes. Stereomicroscope evaluated fracture modes. Data were analyzed by SPSS26.0 statistical software; the standard was P = 0.05. (1) The SEM showed the surface of A1-A4 became rough compared with C. (2) The shear test showed that the highest bonding strength for B was 13.15 ± 2.97 MPa, followed by SB was 7.78 ± 0.97 MPa, and A2 was 7.13 ± 0.75 MPa. However, there was no significant difference between SB and A2 (P > 0.05). Fracture modes of C were the interface fracture of Y-TZP and resin adhesive; most of A1-A4 and SB also were interface fracture, a few mixed fractures, and cohesion fracture of resin adhesive; B were all mixed fracture. Er:YAG laser with 10 Hz could be used as an alternative to sandblasting with Al2O3 for surface modification of Y-TZP to increase the bonding strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning Province, China
- Shanghai Jiading District Dental Center for Dental Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, 201899, China
| | - Hui-Hui Tao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lu Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan-Nan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Jian-Feng Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning Province, China.
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Miura S, Shinya A, Koizumi H, Fujisawa M. Effect of speed sintering of monolithic zirconia with different yttria contents on color and crystal phase. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12898. [PMID: 36335285 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the color and microstructure of monolithic zirconia crowns with different yttrium oxide (Y2 O3 ) contents treated by conventional or speed sintering. Four types of zirconia ceramics were assessed: two monolayer zirconia, and two multilayer zirconia. The monolithic zirconia crowns were fabricated using a dental computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system and in two shades (A2 and BL). After milling, the zirconia crowns were sintered using either speed sintering or conventional sintering. For each combination of zirconia (4), shade (2), and sintering condition (2), the color parameters were determined at three positions of each of nine crowns using a non-contact dental spectrophotometer. In addition, the zirconia phases in the specimens were quantified using X-ray diffractometry. Significant differences in the ΔE00 values at different measurement positions were observed for the Multi2 crown of the BL shade group. The color difference resulting from conventional and speed sintering programs was not affected by the difference in yttria content of Mono1, Mono2, and Multi1. However, in Multi2, containing 3Y-TZP and 5Y-PSZ, a color change was caused by the use of speed sintering. Therefore, when performing speed sintering with Multi2, it is necessary to select the color in consideration of these results or take measures for staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Miura
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative & Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akikazu Shinya
- Department of Dental Materials Sciences, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hiroyasu Koizumi
- Department of Dental Materials, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Fujisawa
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative & Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to present current dental ceramic materials and processing methods. The clinical indication was emphasized on basis of the material's microstructure and composition. Studies of ceramic characterization were also discussed, as they impact the clinical indication and serve as a parameter for the development of new materials. The novel strategies were mostly found aiming to mimic the natural dental structures, provide mechanical reliability, and develop predictable restorations in terms of adaptation and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atais Bacchi
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Paulo Picanço School of Dentistry, Rua Joaquim Sá 900, Fortaleza, Ceará 60325-218, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Francisco Cesar
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo - USP. Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 2227. Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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Kongkiatkamon S, Peampring C. Effect of Speed Sintering on Low Temperature Degradation and Biaxial Flexural Strength of 5 Y-TZP Zirconia. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165272. [PMID: 36014509 PMCID: PMC9416714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Translucent zirconia is becoming the material of choice for the esthetic restorative material. We aimed to evaluate the surface structure, phase determination, translucency, and flexural strength of 5Y-TZP Zirconia (Katana STML Block and Disc) between the regular sintering and the speed sintering with and without low-temperature degradation (LTD). A total of 60 zirconia discs (30 per group; regular sintering and speed sintering) were used in this study. A CAM machine was used to mill cylinders out of the zirconia blanks and then cut into smaller discs. For the speed sintering, the zirconia blocks were milled into smaller discs. The zirconia discs were subjected to regular and speed sintering with and without LTD. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the zirconia specimens and the zirconia grain size. Furthermore, the zirconia specimens were analyzed for elemental analysis using energy dispersive spectroscopy and phase identification using X-ray diffraction. The zirconia specimens were subjected to translucency measurements and biaxial flexural strength testing. The results of the zirconia specimens were compared among the groups. Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS version 20.0 to detect the statistically significant differences (p value = 0.05). A one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons was performed using Scheffe analysis among the groups. The speed sintering presented smaller grain sizes. The zirconia specimens with and without LTD in regular and speed sintering presented a similar surface structure. Regular sintering showed more translucency compared to speed sintering. Multiple comparisons of the translucency parameter were a significant difference (p value < 0.05) between the various groups except for the comparison between speed sintering and speed sintering LTD. The regular sintering showed bigger gain sizes and slightly more translucency compared to speed sintering. The speed sintering showed higher biaxial flexural strengths compared to regular sintering. This shows that speed sintering can be considered a suitable method of sintering zirconia.
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12
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Sass JO, Burmeister U, Ganz C, Mitrovic A, Lang H, Bader R, Vogel D. Fracture strength of monolithic and glass-soldered ceramic sub-components of 5-unit fixed dental prosthesis. J Prosthodont 2022; 32:e71-e80. [PMID: 35924927 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Zirconium dioxide ceramic has been successfully introduced as a framework material for fixed dental prostheses. To reduce manufacturing constraints, joining of sub-components could be a promising approach to increase the mechanical performance of long-span fixed dental prostheses. In this experimental study, the biomechanical behavior of monolithic and soldered framework specimens for fixed dental prostheses made of Y-TZP was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Framework specimens (n = 80) of 5-unit fixed dental prostheses made of Y-TZP were prepared and divided into 10 equal groups. The specimens were monolithic or composed of sub-components, which were joined using a silicate-based glass solder. Thereby, three joint geometries (diagonal, vertical with an occlusal cap, and dental attachment-based) were investigated. Moreover, the groups differed based on the mechanical test (static vs. dynamic) and further processing (veneered vs. unveneered). The framework specimens were cemented on alumina-based jaw models, where the canine and second molar were acting as abutments, before a point-load was applied. In addition, μCT scans and microscopic fractography was used to evaluate the quality of soldered joints and to determine the causes of fracture. RESULTS The determined fracture loads of the different unveneered framework specimens in static testing did not vary significantly (p = 1). Adding a veneering layer significantly increased the mechanical strength for monolithic framework specimens from 1,196.29 ±203.79 N to 1,606.85 ±128.49 N (p = 0.008). In case of soldered specimens with a dental attachment-based geometry the mechanical strength increased from 1,159.42 ±85.65 N to 1,249.53 ±191.55 N (p = 1). Within the dynamic testing, no differences were observed between monolithic and soldered framework specimens. μCT scans and fractography proved that the dental attachment-based joining geometry offers the highest quality. CONCLUSION Using glass soldering technology, sub-components of 5-unit framework specimens made of Y-TZP could be joined with mechanical properties comparable to those of monolithic frameworks. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Oliver Sass
- Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ulrike Burmeister
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Hermann Lang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rainer Bader
- Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Danny Vogel
- Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Heidari N, Amawi R, Seweryniak P, Bakitian F, Vult von Steyern P. Fracture Resistance and Fracture Behaviour of Monolithic Multi-Layered Translucent Zirconia Fixed Dental Prostheses with Different Placing Strategies of Connector: An in vitro Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2022; 14:61-69. [PMID: 35345450 PMCID: PMC8957397 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s344941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effect of different placing strategies performed in the connector area on fracture resistance and fracture behaviour of monolithic multi-layered translucent zirconia fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). Materials and Methods Thirty 3-unit monolithic FDPs were produced and divided into three groups (n = 10) based on the different strategies for placing the connector area of FDPs in multi-layered zirconia blank with varying contents of yttria ranging from 4 to 5 mol%. The groups were as follows: FDPs with connectors placed in dentin layer with 4 mol% yttria content, FDPs with connectors placed in gradient layer, and FDPs with connectors placed in translucent layer with 5 mol% yttria content. A final group (n = 10) of conventional monolithic zirconia with a monolayer of yttria content (4 mol%) has been used as a control group. The specimens were artificially aged using thermocycling and pre-loading procedures and subsequently loaded to fracture using a universal testing machine. Fracture loads and fracture behaviour were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Fisher’s exact tests and statistically evaluated (p ≤ 0.05). Results There were no significant differences in fracture loads among the groups based on the placing strategies of the connector area of the FDPs in the multi-layered translucent zirconia blank (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in fracture loads between monolithic multi-layered translucent zirconia and conventional monolithic translucent zirconia materials (p > 0.05). Fracture behaviour of FDPs with connector area placed in translucent layer differed significantly compared to FDPs with connector area placed in dentin layer and FDPs in control group (p = 0.004). Conclusion The placing strategies of the connector used in the computer aided design and manufacturing procedures do not considerably affect fracture resistance of monolithic FDPs made of multi-layered translucent zirconia. Monolithic FDPs made of multi-layered translucent zirconia show comparable strength to FDPs made of conventional translucent zirconia, but with different fracture behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Heidari
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rasha Amawi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Fahad Bakitian
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Mohit KG, Lakha TA, Chinchwade A, Batul QA, Shaikh M, Kheur SM. Effects of surface modification techniques on zirconia substrates and their effect on bonding to dual cure resin cement - An in- vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2022; 22:179-187. [PMID: 36511029 PMCID: PMC9132501 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_298_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aims to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments of monolithic zirconia on the bond strength of resin to zirconia and, to explore alternative methods to improve this bonding. Settings and Design In-Vitro study. Materials and Methods Fifty rectangular sintered blocks of Yttria-stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal ceramics of dimensions were milled and sintered. These specimens were further divided into five groups (control, air abrasion, etching with primer application, air abrasion with primer application and novel glass infiltrated zirconia surface group), containing 10 samples each. The specimens were analyzed for surface roughness, tensile bond strength to resin cements, and adhesive and cohesive mode of failures. Statistical Analysis Used ANOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey test was perform to evaluate the significant differences in the mean values of the groups. Results Air-abraded samples showed the highest surface roughness (4.95 ± 0.65) (P < 0.05). The group with air abrasion followed by primer application showed the highest tensile bond strength (7.12 ± 0.69) (P < 0.05). The lowest surface roughness (0.638 ± 0.8093) and tensile bond strength (2.03 ± 0.58) was seen in samples that were subjected to etchant treatment followed by application of methacryloyloxydecyl di-hydrogen phosphate (MDP) primer. The changes in comparison to the control group were statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). Except Groups A (control) and C (etchant followed by primer), all other groups showed a cohesive failure. Conclusion Air abrasion of the zirconia surface with 50 μm alumina particles increases the surface roughness without damaging the surface. Air abrasion followed by MDP primer application is the recommended method of surface treatment to achieve superior bonding. Glass infiltration also showed promising results in terms of tensile bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. G. Mohit
- Department of and Prosthodontics and Implantology, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. K. G. Mohit, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India. E-mail:
| | - Tabrez Amin Lakha
- Department of and Prosthodontics and Implantology, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aishwarya Chinchwade
- Department of and Prosthodontics and Implantology, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Qamri A. Batul
- Department of Prosthodontics, Implantology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohsin Shaikh
- Department of and Prosthodontics and Implantology, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Supriya M. Kheur
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, D.Y. Patil Dental College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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15
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Yu MK, Oh EJ, Lim MJ, Lee KW. Change of phase transformation and bond strength of Y-TZP with various hydrofluoric acid etching. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e54. [PMID: 34909418 PMCID: PMC8636086 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to quantify phase transformation after hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching at various concentrations on the surface of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP), and to evaluate changes in bonding strength before and after thermal cycling. Materials and Methods A group whose Y-TZP surface was treated with tribochemical silica abrasion (TS) was used as the control. Y-TZP specimens from each experimental group were etched with 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% HF solutions at room temperature for 10 minutes. First, to quantify the phase transformation, Y-TZP specimens (n = 5) treated with TS, 5%, 10%, 20% and 40% HF solutions were subjected to X-ray diffraction. Second, to evaluate the change in bond strength before and after thermal cycling, zirconia primer and MDP-containing resin cement were sequentially applied to the Y-TZP specimen. After 5,000 thermal cycles for half of the Y-TZP specimens, shear bond strength was measured for all experimental groups (n = 10). Results The monoclinic phase content in the 40% HF-treated group was higher than that of the 5%, 10%, and 20% HF-treated groups, but lower than that of TS-treated group (p < 0.05). The 40% HF-treated group showed significantly higher bonding strength than the TS, 5%, and 10% HF-treated groups, even after thermal cycling (p < 0.05). Conclusions Through this experiment, the group treated with SiO2 containing air-borne abrasion on the Y-TZP surface showed higher phase transformation and higher reduction in bonding strength after thermal cycling compared to the group treated with high concentration HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Yu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Oh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Lim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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16
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Shibata S, Torii K, Tanaka J. Fracture strength of secondary crown with different taper and thickness in zirconia double crown attachments. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:1303-1308. [PMID: 34408117 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to clarify the influences of zirconia materials, one-half taper angle, and thickness of the secondary crown on the fracture strength of the secondary crown. For the primary and secondary crowns, Y-TZP and Ce-TZP/Al2O3 were used, respectively. Samples were prepared at one-half taper angles of 2° and 4°, and a secondary crown thickness of 0.5 and 1.0 mm (n=8). Regarding the fracture strength, the secondary crown was restored on the primary crown, all specimens were loaded until fracture using a universal testing machine. The load value added at the time of secondary crown fracture was regarded as fracture strength. Based on the analysis of variance, the fracture strength of Ce-TZP/Al2O3 was significantly higher than that of Y-TZP with regard to the material and that at 1.0-mm thickness was significantly higher than that at 0.5-mm thickness, but the taper angle had no influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Shibata
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University
| | - Katsunori Torii
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University
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17
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Gil J, Delgado-García-Menocal JA, Velasco-Ortega E, Bosch B, Delgado L, Pérez-Antoñanzas R, Fernández-Fairén M. Comparison of zirconia degradation in dental implants and femoral balls: an X-ray diffraction and nanoindentation study. Int J Implant Dent 2021; 7:103. [PMID: 34657990 PMCID: PMC8520857 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-021-00383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New tetragonal zirconia polycrystal dental implants stabilized with yttria (Y-TZP) have appeared in the implantology market in the form of single piece or two-piece zircona implant system. These new type of implants improve the aesthetical properties compared to conventional commercially pure (c.p.) titanium used for implants, although the long term mechanical behavior of these new implants is not yet well known. In orthopaedics, the application of zirconia as femoral balls presented an important controversial use due to the premature fracture once implanted. Y-TZP dental implants can be affected by hydrothermal degradation and its behavior should be analysed to avoid a premature fracture. The scientific question behind the study is to analyse if the degradation mechanism observed in orthopaedics applications of Y-TZP is similar to that of Y-TZP for dental applications. Materials and methods For this purpose, 30 original Y-TZP dental implants and 42 Y-TZP femoral balls fractured in vivo have been studied. Dental implants were submitted to an accelerated hydrothermal degradation to compare with the femoral balls fractured in vivo. Phase transformation as well as the mechanical behaviour of the degraded samples was studied by X ray diffraction and nanoindentation tests, respectively. Results Results have shown that the fracture mechanism of dental implants does not resemble the mechanism observed in orthopaedic samples, presenting a good long-term behaviour. Conclusion The results ensure the good performance of zirconia dental implants, because the degradation of the ceramic is very limited and does not affect the mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, c/Josep Trueta s/n. 08195-Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain. .,School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, c/Josep Trueta s/n. 08195-Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Angel Delgado-García-Menocal
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, c/Josep Trueta s/n. 08195-Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, c/Josep Trueta s/n. 08195-Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Begoña Bosch
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, c/Josep Trueta s/n. 08195-Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Delgado
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, c/Josep Trueta s/n. 08195-Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Román Pérez-Antoñanzas
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, c/Josep Trueta s/n. 08195-Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariano Fernández-Fairén
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, c/Josep Trueta s/n. 08195-Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Miura S, Tsukada S, Fujita T, Isogai T, Teshigawara D, Saito-Murakami K, Asami K, Fujisawa M. Effects of abutment tooth and luting agent colors on final color of high-translucent zirconia crowns. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 66:243-249. [PMID: 34321374 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_21_00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the tooth portion evaluated and the colors of the abutment tooth and resin luting agent on the final color of monolithic zirconia crowns. METHODS Monolithic zirconia crowns were fabricated for left maxillary central incisors using two shades (A2 and A3) of highly translucent monolithic zirconia disks. A model of the abutment tooth was fabricated using resin core materials (white: W; dentin: D). The color of the crowns was measured with try-in pastes (clear: C; brown: B) as a resin-luting agent substitute. The measurement was performed after placing the crown on the model with the attached abutment tooth with try-in paste. The color of three labial portions (cervical, body, and incisal) was evaluated using a dental spectrophotometer. The color difference (ΔE) between the CIELab values of the zirconia disks and the final me asurement of zirconia crowns was calculated. RESULTS The ΔE between the crown of the A2 shade and the zirconia disk of the A2 shade had the highest ΔE value in the body portion with W-B (ΔE=3.92). Similarly, the A3 shade had the highest ΔE value in the cervical portion, with W-B (ΔE=4.27). The results of three-way ANOVA showed that the ΔE values were influenced by the tooth portion evaluated and the color of the abutment tooth. CONCLUSIONS The final color of the monolithic zirconia crowns was significantly in fluenced by the tooth portion evaluated and the color of the abutment tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Miura
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative & Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama
| | - Shohei Tsukada
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative & Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama
| | - Takafumi Fujita
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative & Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama
| | - Tomonori Isogai
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative & Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama
| | - Daisuke Teshigawara
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative & Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama
| | - Konatsu Saito-Murakami
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative & Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama
| | - Kazuya Asami
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative & Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama
| | - Masanori Fujisawa
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative & Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama
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Saruta J, Ozawa R, Okubo T, Taleghani SR, Ishijima M, Kitajima H, Hirota M, Ogawa T. Biomimetic Zirconia with Cactus-Inspired Meso-Scale Spikes and Nano-Trabeculae for Enhanced Bone Integration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7969. [PMID: 34360734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic design provides novel opportunities for enhancing and functionalizing biomaterials. Here we created a zirconia surface with cactus-inspired meso-scale spikes and bone-inspired nano-scale trabecular architecture and examined its biological activity in bone generation and integration. Crisscrossing laser etching successfully engraved 60 μm wide, cactus-inspired spikes on yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) with 200–300 nm trabecular bone-inspired interwoven structures on the entire surface. The height of the spikes was varied from 20 to 80 μm for optimization. Average roughness (Sa) increased from 0.10 μm (polished smooth surface) to 18.14 μm (80 μm-high spikes), while the surface area increased by up to 4.43 times. The measured dimensions of the spikes almost perfectly correlated with their estimated dimensions (R2 = 0.998). The dimensional error of forming the architecture was 1% as a coefficient of variation. Bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were cultured on a polished surface and on meso- and nano-scale hybrid textured surfaces with different spike heights. The osteoblastic differentiation was significantly promoted on the hybrid-textured surfaces compared with the polished surface, and among them the hybrid-textured surface with 40 μm-high spikes showed unparalleled performance. In vivo bone-implant integration also peaked when the hybrid-textured surface had 40 μm-high spikes. The relationships between the spike height and measures of osteoblast differentiation and the strength of bone and implant integration were non-linear. The controllable creation of meso- and nano-scale hybrid biomimetic surfaces established in this study may provide a novel technological platform and design strategy for future development of biomaterial surfaces to improve bone integration and regeneration.
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Lopes GRS, Ramos NC, Grangeiro MTV, Matos JDM, Bottino MA, Özcan M, Valandro LF, Melo RM. Adhesion between zirconia and resin cement: A critical evaluation of testing methodologies. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 120:104547. [PMID: 33940486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze different methodologies (tensile, microtensile, shear, microshear, and interfacial toughness) for evaluation of the bond strength between zirconia (Y-TZP) and resin cement. Zirconia ceramic blocks (VITA in-Ceram® YZ, VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany) were obtained, substrate surfaces were air-abraded with aluminum oxide (50 μm) for 10 s (2 bar pressure, distance: 10 mm, angle: 90°). Then, the specimens were washed with distilled water, dried, and coated with Clearfil Ceramic Primer that was actively applied with a microbrush for 20 s. The specimens were then cemented with resin cement under a load of 750 g, followed by photo-polymerization (40 s on each surface). After cementation, the specimens were aged in thermocycling (8000 cycles, 5-55 °C, 30 s for each bath) and subjected to tensile, microtensile, shear, microshear or interfacial toughness tests. All specimens were inspected for failure modes. The microtensile test showed the highest bond value (18.29 N/mm2). The microshear tests showed the highest coefficient of variation (0.59) and highest number of pre-test failures. The interfacial energy to fracture test showed that as the shear stress increased its interaction in the adhesive interface, the coefficient of variation also increased. The bond strength of Y-TZP showed different results according to the methodology, as well as its interfacial energy to fracture varied according to the angulation/type of stress specimen was submitted. The lower the shear stress at the adhesive interface of the mixed tests (interfacial energy to fracture), the lower was the variability of the test.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R S Lopes
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, 777 Eng. Francisco José Longo Avenue, 12245-000, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
| | - N C Ramos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, 777 Eng. Francisco José Longo Avenue, 12245-000, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil; College of Dentistry, Sao Francisco University (USF), 218 Sao Francisco de Assis Avenue, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
| | - M T V Grangeiro
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, 777 Eng. Francisco José Longo Avenue, 12245-000, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
| | - J D M Matos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, 777 Eng. Francisco José Longo Avenue, 12245-000, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
| | - M A Bottino
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, 777 Eng. Francisco José Longo Avenue, 12245-000, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
| | - M Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - L F Valandro
- College of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000 Roraima Avenue, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - R M Melo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, 777 Eng. Francisco José Longo Avenue, 12245-000, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
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Elraggal A, Silikas N, Aboushelib M. Influence of surface treatments and cyclic fatigue on subsurface defects and mechanical properties of zirconia frameworks. Dent Mater 2021; 37:905-13. [PMID: 33691991 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of laser fused and air abraded fluorapatite particles on flexural strength σf and fracture toughness (KIC) of Yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP). METHODS 160 polished Y-TZP bars received one of the following surface treatments: airborne particle abrasion (APA) with fluorapatite glass-ceramics (FGC), APA with tribochemical silica-coated alumina (CoJet), laser fused FGC using Nd:YAG Laser (FGC + Laser), while as-sintered polished specimens served as control. Initial flexural strength σfI was measured to half of the specimens, while the rest underwent cyclic fatigue (1,000,000 cycle of 15N load and 3 s contact time) followed by measuring residual flexural strength σfR. Fractographic analysis was performed and KIC was calculated. The effect of surface treatment and fatigue on flexural strength was statistically analysed using 2-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Weibull probability was measured to assess the reliability of flexural strength. RESULTS The highest σf before or after the fatigue was reported for the control group while the lowest was for FGC + Laser group. Cyclic fatigue significantly decreased the flexural strength of all groups except for FGC + Laser group. There was no significant difference between the KIC between the control and FGC groups, however, a significant reduction of KIC was found in the CoJet group, while FGC + Laser reported the significant lowest value compared to all groups (P = 0.00). SIGNIFICANCE Fluorapatite glass-ceramic powder offers a promising alternative for particle abrasion of zirconia-based frameworks.
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Iijima N, Homma S, Nakano R, Hayashi S, Hirano T, Iijima T, Yajima Y. Fatigue properties of hollow zirconia implants. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:885-893. [PMID: 33692224 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to clarify the fatigue behavior of hollow yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) specimens assuming its use for two-piece implants. The fatigue properties of a solid specimen (which simulated a one-piece implant) and 3 types of hollow specimens (which simulated two-piece implants) were evaluated. Specimens were either solid with a diameter of 4.0 mm (S) or hollow with an inner diameter of 3.0 mm and outer diameters of 4.0 mm (H0.5), 4.5 mm (H0.75), or 5.0 mm (H1.0). For each group, 25 specimens were prepared followed by blast and acid etch treatment. Static fracture and cyclic fatigue tests were conducted by modifying the methods provided in ISO6872. Fracture modes were determined by observing the surfaces under a scanning electron microscope. As a result, the cyclic fatigue load of S and H1.0 were similar, and hollow specimens with outer diameters greater than 0.75 mm displayed the ability to withstand molar occlusal forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Iijima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Shinya Homma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Ryotaro Nakano
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Shota Hayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Tomoki Hirano
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Toshihiko Iijima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Yasutomo Yajima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College
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Santos CD, Coutinho IF, Amarante JEV, Alves MFRP, Coutinho MM, Moreira da Silva CR. Mechanical properties of ceramic composites based on ZrO 2 co-stabilized by Y 2O 3-CeO 2 reinforced with Al 2O 3 platelets for dental implants. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 116:104372. [PMID: 33540326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this work was the development and characterization of a ceramic composite based on (Ce,Y)-TZP/Al2O3 aiming an application on dental implants, comparing it with conventional monolithic 3Y-TZP ceramics, currently used for the same type of application. METHODS Ceramic samples, 3Y-TZP (n = 40) and (Ce,Y)-TZP/Al2O3 (n = 40), were sintered at 1500 °C - 2h and characterized by relative density, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and microstructure. Then, the samples of both materials were divided into two groups: 1) samples with original (as sintered) surfaces; 2) samples with conditioned, polished, surfaces. All samples were submitted to hydrothermal degradation tests, on an autoclave (134 °C - 2 bar), for 10 h in artificial saliva. The degraded samples were characterized by XRD and the polished group were also characterized by their elastic moduli, Vickers hardness and fracture toughness (Vickers indentation method). Both groups were also submitted to a flexural strength test, 3B-P testing, for which the data were interpreted using Weibull statistics. RESULTS All sintered specimens presented nearly full densification. After the hydrothermal degradation tests, 3Y-TZP samples presented 16.4% of monoclinic (m)-ZrO2 phase while the composite samples withheld 100% of tetragonal (t)-ZrO2 phase. Both materials presented equiaxial ZrO2 grains with an average size of 0.48 ± 0.17 μm and 0.75 ± 0.22 μm, respectively, for the monolithic and composite ceramics. In the composites, is observed the presence of well distributed Al2O3 grains on the ZrO2 matrix, in two distinct morphologies: equiaxial grains and platelets. The composites (Ce,Y)-TZP/Al2O3 presented average values of elastic moduli, Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of 228.3 ± 6.5 GPa, 1427 ± 46 HV e 11.3 ± 0.4 MPa m1/2, respectively. An inversely proportional relationship is observed between the roughness and the bending strength, since the 3Y-TZP samples presented a average strength of 860.7 ± 81 MPa (as-sintered) and 965.4 ± 93 MPa (polished) while the (Ce,Y)-TZP/Al2O3 composites presented average strength of 810.6 ± 147 MPa (as-sintered) and 952.6 ± 88 MPa (polished). CONCLUSIONS The composites (Ce,Y)-TZP/Al2O3 showed high resistance to degradation in saliva and adequate properties for use as dental implants. Values of flexural strength (>950 MPa) and Weibull modulus (m > 10) were similar to the conventional 3Y-TZP ceramics. Moreover, its hardness, elastic modulus and fracture toughness were higher than those obtained for 3Y-TZP. The expressive values of KIC obtained for (Ce,Y)-TZP/Al2O3 composites are results of association of different toughening mechanisms acting simultaneously in the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudinei Dos Santos
- UERJ/FAT, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Rod. Presidente Dutra, km 298, 27.537-000, Resende, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Ingrid Ferreira Coutinho
- UFF/EEIMVR, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Escola de Engenharia Industrial Metalúrgica de Volta Redonda, Av. dos Trabalhadores, 420, Vila Santa Cecília, 27.255-125, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Vasconcellos Amarante
- UFF/ISNF, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Estrada Dr. Silvio Henrique Braunet, 22, Centro, 28.625-650, Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Maycol Moreira Coutinho
- UNB, Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Asa Norte, 70.910-900, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
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Martínez-Rus F, Rodríguez C, Salido MP, Pradíes G. Influence of different cleaning procedures on the shear bond strength of 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate-containing self-adhesive resin cement to saliva contaminated zirconia. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 65:443-448. [PMID: 33441505 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_20_00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of different cleaning methods on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-containing self-adhesive resin cement to zirconia after saliva contamination. METHODS Sixty zirconia specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n=15) according to treatment surface. Except for the control group, all samples were contaminated with saliva and were then rinsed with water-spray and air-dried. Subsequently, the specimens were either treated with a cleaning paste (CP), with argon plasma (AP), or did not undergo an additional cleaning process (WS). An MDP-containing self-adhesive resin cement was applied onto the ceramic surfaces. Specimens were stored in water (24 hours) followed by thermocycling (5°C to 55°C for 10.000 cycles). SBS tests were performed in a universal testing machine, and the results (MPa ± SD) were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test. Fractured surfaces were examined to identify the failure types using a stereomicroscopy and SEM. RESULTS The surface cleaning treatment (p < 0.05) significantly affected the results. The highest SBS values were observed in the control group (12.16 ± 1.22 MPa) and were statistically comparable to values for the CP group (11.38 ± 1.65 MPa). The AP group (9.17 ± 1.06 MPa) showed significantly higher bond strength than the WS group (6.95 ± 1.20 MPa), but it showed significantly lower strength than the control and CP groups. CONCLUSIONS The CP application was the most effective method in removing saliva contamination. The AP treatment could not restore the SBS to the same level as uncontaminated specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Martínez-Rus
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid
| | - Christian Rodríguez
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid
| | - María P Salido
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid
| | - Guillermo Pradíes
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid
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Luft V, Pospiech P, Schurig A, Schmitter M. In vitro investigations on retention force behavior of conventional and modern double crown systems. Dent Mater 2020; 37:191-200. [PMID: 33276956 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term use on the retention force and wear behavior of double crown systems. METHODS Based on a common double crown design sixty pairs of telescopic crowns were fabricated and divided into six groups, each consisting ten samples: "Gold standard" cast gold alloy primary and secondary crown (GG) and cast non-precious alloy (NN), computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)-milled zirconia primary crown and galvanoformed secondary crown (ZG), CAD/CAM-milled non-precious alloy primary and secondary crown (CC NN), CAD/CAM-milled zirconia primary crown and non-precious alloy secondary crown (CC ZN) and CAD/CAM-milled zirconia primary crown and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) secondary crown (CC ZP). In the constant presence of artificial saliva, all samples were subjected to 10,000 joining-separation cycles at a velocity of 120 mm/min. Wear was analyzed by reflected light microscopy and confocal microscopy before and after artificial aging. RESULTS Retention force losses were observed in each group after long-term use, with significant losses in the groups ZG and CC ZP (pZG = 0.01, pCC ZP = 0.049). During artificial aging, no significant differences in pull-off force were recorded for groups GG, NN and CC ZN. Regarding wear, merely the Y-TZP primary crowns of the CC ZP group displayed no surface changes. SIGNIFICANCE All tested production methods and material combinations seem to be suitable for clinical practice. CAD/CAM technology allows similarly predictable results to be achieved as the gold standard. Confocal microscopy is recommended for surface examinations of double crowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Luft
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Pospiech
- Department of Dentistry, Bundeswehr Hospital Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel Schurig
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitter
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
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Kim HE, Lim MJ, Yu MK, Lee KW. Changes in Bond Strength and Topography for Y-TZP Etched with Hydrofluoric Acid Depending on Concentration and Temperature Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:E568. [PMID: 33126472 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56110568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: This study aimed to investigate the change in bond strength between resin cement and tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline stabilized with 3 to 8 mol% yttrium oxide (Y-TZP) and observe the topographical change of the Y-TZP surface when etched with hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution under different concentration and temperature conditions. Materials and Methods: Non-etched sintered Y-TZP specimens under two different temperature conditions (room temperature and 70-80 °C, respectively), were used as a control, while experimental groups were etched with 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% HF solutions for 10 min. After zirconia primer and MDP-containing resin cement were applied to the Y-TZP surface, the shear bond strength (SBS) of each experimental group was measured. Results: Under room temperature conditions, the highest SBS value was measured in the 40% HF etching group, representing a significant deviation from the other groups (p < 0.05). In the 70-80 °C tests, the 40% HF etching group also had the highest SBS value, but there was no significant difference when compared to the 20% HF etching group (p > 0.05). From SEM and AFM observations, the HF solution increasingly dissolved the Y-TZP surface grain structure as the concentration and application temperature rose, resulting in high surface roughness and irregularities. Conclusions: Pretreating with either 20% HF solution at 70-80 °C or 40% HF solution at room temperature and 70-80 °C effectively acid etched the Y-TZP surface, resulting in more surface roughness and irregularities. Accounting for the concentration and temperature conditions of the HF solution, using 40% HF solution at room temperature will result in improvements in adhesion between resin cement and Y-TZP.
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de Paula Miranda RB, Leite TP, Pedroni ACF, Marques MM, de Lima NB, Marchi J, Cesar PF. Effect of titania addition and sintering temperature on the microstructure, optical, mechanical and biological properties of the Y-TZP/TiO 2 composite. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1418-1429. [PMID: 32958310 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were: 1) to evaluate the effect of sintering temperature on microstructure, density and flexural strength of a 3Y-TZP/TiO2 composite containing 12.5 wt% of TiO2 compared to 3Y-TZP specimens (control); 2) to compare 3Y-TZP with the experimental 3Y-TZP/TiO2 composite, both sintered at 1400 °C, with respect to the following parameters: optical properties, characteristic strength, Weibull modulus, fatigue behavior, induction of osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation (mineralization nodules formation). METHODS The 3Y-TZP and 3Y-TZP/TiO2 powders were uniaxially pressed and sintered at 1200 °C, 1300 °C, 1400 °C or 1500 °C for one hour in a furnace. The microstructural analysis consisted of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The density was measured by the Archimedes' principle and the flexural strength was obtained by the biaxial flexure test. The optical properties were measured using a spectrophotometer operating in the visible light wavelength range. The step-stress accelerated life testing was performed by the pneumatic mechanical cycler and the biological behavior achieved by using osteoblast-like cells (Osteo-1 cell line). RESULTS Tetragonal zirconia was identified in all groups and cubic zirconia was identified only at 3Y-TZP group. The addition of TiO2 decreased the values of density and flexural strength of the composite 3Y-TZP/TiO2 in relation to 3Y-TZP regardless of the sintering temperature. The color difference between the two materials was not significant regarding L*a*b* parameters. The composite showed higher probability of failure, and induced higher proliferation and differentiation than control. SIGNIFICANCE The composite developed have good aesthetic and biologics properties. However, its microstructure and mechanical properties need to be improved for future dental implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tayná Paula Leite
- Departamento de Biomateriais e Biologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Fagundes Pedroni
- Departamento de Biomateriais e Biologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Martins Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Ibirapuera, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson Batista de Lima
- Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Marchi
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Francisco Cesar
- Departamento de Biomateriais e Biologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Vohra F, Shuwaish MB, Deeb MA, Alhamdan R, Alotaibi N, Abduljabbar T. Comparison of failure loads and compressive stress in Press on metal and Press on Y-TZP copings. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:1645-1650. [PMID: 33235590 PMCID: PMC7674887 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.7.2472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the failure loads and compressive stresses among bilayered press on Y-TZP (POZ) and press on metal (POM) crowns with different core-veneer thickness. Methods: Thirty metal and Y-TZP copings were fabricated using CAD-CAM technology with specified thickness. All copings were veneered with ceramic materials using hot pressing technique, with 2mm and 2.5mm thickness. The different coping veneer thickness of crowns resulted in six study groups, including, POM: Coping/ veneer thickness of 0.7/2mm (Gp1), 0.7/2.5mm (Gp 2) and 1mm/2mm (Gp 3)-POZ: 0.7/2mm (Gp A), 0.7/2.5mm (Gp B) and 1mm/2mm (Gp C). Crowns were cemented to a standard implant analog and failure loads (FL) and compressive stress (CS) was ascertained by controlled load application in a universal testing machine. Data was analysed using ANOVA and multiple comparisons test. Results: The maximum FL were observed in the POM specimens with a C/V ratio of 1/2 (Group 3-1880.67± 256.78 N), however the lowest FL were exhibited by POZ crowns with 1/2 C/V ratio (Group C-611.89± 72.79 N). Mean FL and CS were significantly higher in POM compared to POZ crowns in respective groups. Increasing the coping-veneer thickness increased FL and CS among POM crowns. Increasing veneer and decreasing coping thickness improved FL and CS among POZ crowns. Conclusions: Press on metal specimen showed higher resistance to fracture than Press on Y-TZP specimens. Improved failure loads were observed in thin coping and thick veneers among Press on Y-TZP crowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahim Vohra
- Fahim Vohra, Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bin Shuwaish
- Mohammed Bin Shuwaish, Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Modhi Al Deeb
- Modhi Al Deeb, Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Alhamdan
- Rana Al Hamdan, Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Alotaibi
- Naif Alotaibi, Department of General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Tariq Abduljabbar, Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Miura S, Yamauchi S, Kasahara S, Katsuda Y, Fujisawa M, Egusa H. Clinical evaluation of monolithic zirconia crowns: a failure analysis of clinically obtained cases from a 3.5-year study. J Prosthodont Res 2020; 65:148-154. [PMID: 32938882 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpor_2019_643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary purpose of this study was to examine the clinical performance of monolithic zirconia single crowns in terms of short-term failure or complications. The secondary purpose was to detect the originating flaws of clinically failed monolithic zirconia crowns to find the causes of failure. METHODS A short-term prospective cohort study based on record evaluation and clinical examination of patients treated with tooth-supported monolithic zirconia crowns was performed in the Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Hospital, Japan. The crowns were prepared during the follow-up period from April 2014 to July 2018. The 3.5-year cumulative success and survival rates were set as primary endpoints. Fractures of the crown or fragments were inspected under a scanning electron microscope for descriptive fractography. RESULTS During the study period, 40 monolithic zirconia crowns were placed. Four crowns experienced clinical complications, including: 1) fracture of the crown (two crowns), 2) abrasion of the crown (one crown), and 3) fracture of the antagonist tooth (one crown). The estimated Kaplan-Meier 3.5-year success and survival rates were 90.5% (95% confi dence interval [CI]: 73.1-97.1) and 92.8% (95% CI: 74.1-98.3), respectively. Fractography revealed that all fractures were initiated from the wear phase on the occlusal surface. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the molar application of monolithic zirconia crowns requires detailed attention to interocclusal clearance and the restoration of the antagonist tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Miura
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative & Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado.,Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai
| | - Shinobu Yamauchi
- Department of Biomaterials, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Shin Kasahara
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai
| | - Yusuke Katsuda
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai
| | - Masanori Fujisawa
- Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative & Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai
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Chen B, Yan Y, Xie H, Meng H, Zhang H, Chen C. Effects of Tribochemical Silica Coating and Alumina-Particle Air Abrasion on 3 Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP: Evaluation of Surface Hardness, Roughness, Bonding, and Phase Transformation. J Adhes Dent 2020; 22:373-382. [PMID: 32666063 DOI: 10.3290/j.jad.a44868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine and compare the effects of tribochemical silica coating and alumina-particle air abrasion on 3 mol% and 5 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Two different 3Y-TZP samples (Lava Plus, 3M Oral Care; Ceramill Zolid, Amann Girrbach) and one 5Y-TZP sample (Katana Zirconia UTML, Kuraray Noritake) were prepared and treated with alumina-particle air abrasion and a 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP)-containing self-adhesive composite cement or with tribochemical silica coating followed by silanization (n = 30). Resin columns were cemented onto the treated ceramic surfaces to form specimens. After 24-h water storage or aging with 10,000 thermocycles plus 60-day water storage, shear bond strength (SBS) testing was conducted. Surface roughness, surface Vickers hardness, and crystallographic phase analyses were also performed. RESULTS The SBS of tribochemically silica-coated 5Y-TZP before and after aging were 13.8 ± 1.4 and 13.2 ± 1.5 MPa, resp., for Lava Plus (3Y-TZP) 14.4 ± 1.4 and 13.9 ± 1.6 MPa, respectively, and for Ceramill Zolid (3Y-TZP) 14.8 ± 1.1 and 13.9 ± 1.5 MPa, respectively. There was no statistical difference between tribochemical silica coating and alumina air abrasion treatments (p = 0.21) on the bonding performance (SBS) of the 3Y-TZPs and 5Y-TZP (p = 0.25) before and after aging (p = 0.50). After alumina air abrasion, 5Y-TZP showed higher surface roughness (Ra = 1.7 ± 0.1) than did the 3Y-TZPs (Ra = 1.2 ± 0.1 for Lava Plus; Ra = 1.2 ± 0.1 for Ceramill Zolid), while the Vickers hardness was similar among the three materials (p = 0.70). Monoclinic zirconia was not detected in 5Y-TZP irrespective of treatment, with the zirconia being mainly cubic phase. However, the 3Y-TZPs were mainly tetragonal phase with some monoclinic zirconia; the latter increased after being alumina-particle air abraded. CONCLUSION The bond strength to 5Y-TZP is similar to those of the 3Y-TZPs under the same bonding strategies. Durable bonding can be achieved both by alumina air abrasion combined with a 10-MDP-containing self-adhesive composite cement and by tribochemical silica coating followed by silanization for both the 3Y-TZPs and 5Y-TZP.
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Yu MK, Lim MJ, Na NR, Lee KW. Effect of hydrofluoric acid-based etchant at an elevated temperature on the bond strength and surface topography of Y-TZP ceramics. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e6. [PMID: 32110535 PMCID: PMC7030966 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the effects of a hydrofluoric acid (HA; solution of hydrogen fluoride [HF] in water)-based smart etching (SE) solution at an elevated temperature on yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) ceramics in terms of bond strength and morphological changes. Materials and Methods Eighty sintered Y-TZP specimens were prepared for shear bond strength (SBS) testing. The bonding surface of the Y-TZP specimens was treated with 37% phosphoric acid etching at 20°C–25°C, 4% HA etching at 20°C–25°C, or HA-based SE at 70°C–80°C. In all groups, zirconia primers were applied to the bonding surface of Y-TZP. For each group, 2 types of resin cement (with or without methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate [MDP]) were used. SBS testing was performed. Topographic changes of the etched Y-TZP surface were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results were analyzed and compared using 2-way analysis of variance. Results Regardless of the type of resin cement, the highest bond strength was measured in the SE group, with significant differences compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). In all groups, MDP-containing resin cement yielded significantly higher bond strength values than MDP-free resin cement (p < 0.05). It was also shown that the Y-TZP surface was etched by the SE solution, causing a large change in the surface topography. Conclusions Bond strength significantly improved when a heated HA-based SE solution was applied to the Y-TZP surface, and the etched Y-TZP surface was more irregular and had higher surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Yu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Lim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Noo-Ri Na
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Bakitian F, Papia E, Larsson C, Vult von Steyern P. Evaluation of Stress Distribution in Tooth-Supported Fixed Dental Prostheses Made of Translucent Zirconia with Variations in Framework Designs: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis. J Prosthodont 2020; 29:315-322. [PMID: 31971307 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the influence of the framework designs on the stress distribution within tooth-supported partially veneered fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) made of translucent zirconia under simulated loads using a three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA). MATERIAL AND METHODS For a linear 3D-FEA, simplified 3D solid models of prepared abutment teeth (first premolar and first molar) with different 3-unit FDPs were created. The models with different FDP designs-monolithic zirconia (control); semi-monolithic zirconia with 0.3 mm veneer thickness (SM0.3); semi-monolithic zirconia with 0.5 mm veneer thickness (SM0.5); semi-monolithic zirconia with 0.5 mm veneer thickness supported with cap design (SMC), and semi-monolithic zirconia with 0.5 mm veneer thickness supported with wave design (SMW)-were analyzed using 3D-FEA. The elastic properties of the components (bone, dentine, cement, translucent zirconia, and veneering porcelain) were obtained from the published data for FEA. Simulated static loading forces (300 N) were applied at 10° oblique direction over six points in the occlusal surfaces of the FDPs. Maximum principal stress, shear stress, and safety factor were calculated and analyzed among the different models. RESULTS Semi-monolithic with cap design showed the smallest maximum principal stress levels in the veneering porcelain compared to all other models (SM0.3, SM0.5, SMW). The SM0.3 had lower maximum principal stress levels in the veneering porcelain compared to SM0.5. Regarding stresses in the zirconia framework, all models had comparable results in maximum principal tensile stresses, except SMW had a lower value. Maximum principal stress levels were located in the veneer component of SM0.3, SM0.5, and SMW, whereas, such levels were observed in the cervical areas of the zirconia frameworks of SMC and control. The SM0.3 had the highest maximum shear stress levels at the zirconia-veneer interface, while SMW had the lowest shear values. The 3D-FEA models with different FDP designs showed different minimum safety factor levels. CONCLUSIONS Framework and veneer designs play a significant role in the stress distribution of the partially veneered zirconia FDPs under loading. The FDPs with zirconia frameworks with cap design minimize the maximum principal tensile stress in the veneering porcelain. The FDPs with 0.3-mm-veneering porcelain show low maximum principal tensile stress in the veneering porcelain, but highest maximum shear stress at the zirconia-veneer interface. The FDPs with wave design of zirconia frameworks minimize the maximum shear stress considerably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Bakitian
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Evaggelia Papia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christel Larsson
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per Vult von Steyern
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Valente F, Mavriqi L, Traini T. Effects of 10-MDP Based Primer on Shear Bond Strength between Zirconia and New Experimental Resin Cement. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13010235. [PMID: 31948123 PMCID: PMC6982148 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To date, numerous materials in the dental field are marketed to ensure stable adhesive cementation of zirconia ceramics (Y-TZP). The aims of this study were to assess the shear bond strength of the new experimental cement Surgi Dual Flo' Zr to Y-TZP compared to Panavia V5 cement, and to evaluate the effect of 10-MDP (10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate) containing primer on their bond strength. Twenty composite cylinders and Y-TZP disks were adhesively luted and divided into four groups based on cement type used and application or not of 10-MDP. The groups (n = 5 each) were S 10MDP (Surgi Dual Flo' Zr with 10-MDP); S no 10MDP (Surgi Dual Flo' Zr without 10-MDP); P 10MDP (Panavia V5 with 10-MDP); P no 10MDP (Panavia V5 without 10-MDP). Maximum load resistance (ML) and shear bond strength (SBS) were tested and mode of failure qualitative documented via scanning electron microscopy. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, Holm-Sidak method, and Bayesian analysis. ML and SBS were significantly higher in S 10MDP than in S no 10MDP; and in P 10MDP than in P no 10MDP (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between S 10MDP and P 10MDP; S no 10MDP and P no 10MDP (p > 0.05). Cohesive, adhesive, and mixed failure occurred among the groups. Bond strength between the experimental resin-based cement and Y-TZP was adequate for clinical application when 10-MDP was added. 10-MDP containing primer was effective improving the bond strength to Y-TZP more than the different type of resinous cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Valente
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.V.); (T.T.); Tel.: +39-3926436860 (F.V.); +39-08713554143 (T.T.)
| | - Luan Mavriqi
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, University “ALDENT” of Tirana, 1023 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Tonino Traini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.V.); (T.T.); Tel.: +39-3926436860 (F.V.); +39-08713554143 (T.T.)
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Lima RBW, Barreto SC, Alfrisany NM, Porto TS, De Souza GM, De Goes MF. Effect of silane and MDP-based primers on physico-chemical properties of zirconia and its bond strength to resin cement. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1557-1567. [PMID: 31395450 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of surface treatments on yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) characteristics and on resin-mediated zirconia bond. METHODS Y-TZP slabs were grit blasted with 45μm alumina or with 30μm silica-coated alumina particles. The chemical treatments were: no-chemical treatment (NC), silane-containing primer (SP), MDP (10-Methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate) and silane-containing primer (MPS), MDP-containing primer (MP) and MDP and silane-containing adhesive (MPA). Contact angle as a function of surface roughness (θm) and surface roughness parameter (Sdr) were measured using Fringe Projection Phase Shifting (FPPS). Surface free energy (γsTOT) was calculated with a goniometer. Chemical interaction between primers/adhesive and zirconia was analyzed using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Resin cement microshear bond strength (μSBS) was analyzed at either 24-h or 8-months water storage (37°C). θm values, Sdr values, γsTOT and μSBS values were analyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey test (α=0.05). RESULTS Chemical treatment had an effect (p<0.001) on all surface parameters analyzed: θm, γsTOT and Sdr. MP-treated group showed higher incidence of P-O-Zr bonds than the other groups, indicating more chemical linkages. Grit blasting (p<0.001) and the interaction chemical treatment*storage (p<0.001) did not affect μSBS; all silane-containing primers showed significant drop in μSBS after aging. SIGNIFICANCE MDP and/or silane-based solutions affect the physicochemical properties of blasted-zirconia. An MDP-based primer is fundamental to achieve a stable resin-zirconia bonding, but the chemical reactivity of MDP is impaired when this molecule is present in a multicomponent system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renally Bezerra Wanderley Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry (Dental Materials Area), Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Suelem Chasse Barreto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Najm Mohsen Alfrisany
- Department of Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, OH, USA.
| | - Thiago Soares Porto
- Department of Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, OH, USA.
| | | | - Mario Fernando De Goes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry (Dental Materials Area), Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
The purpose was to evaluate the bond strength between adhesive cement and translucent zirconia in comparison to conventional zirconia. Four brands of translucent zirconia (BruxZir® HT, Lava™ Plus, Prettau® Anterior, and Prettau® Zirconia) and one conventional zirconia (Kavo Everest® ZS) were evaluated. Specimens were divided into groups depending on the pretreatment of the cementation surface of the zirconia: as-produced, hydrofluoric acid treatment, or sandblasted. The groups underwent three different procedures of artificial aging: water storage (24 h), 5,000 thermocycles, or long-term aging, (water storage 150 days including 37,500 thermocycles) before shear bond strength testing. Sandblasting treatment increased the bond strength significantly for all the brands of zirconia, irrespective of artificial aging procedures, in comparison to the control group. Bond strength between adhesive cement to translucent zirconia is equivalent to conventional zirconia. Sandblasting creates a cementation surface that is more durable than as-produced or hydrofluoric-acid-treated, irrespective of type of zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh LE
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University
| | - Christel Larsson
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University
| | - Evaggelia Papia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University
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Kaizer MR, Moraes RR, Cava SS, Zhang Y. The progressive wear and abrasiveness of novel graded glass/zirconia materials relative to their dental ceramic counterparts. Dent Mater 2019; 35:763-771. [PMID: 30827797 PMCID: PMC6462421 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the wear behavior of novel graded glass/zirconia materials and their abrasiveness to the antagonist relative to homogeneous zirconias (polished or glazed) and a glass-ceramic. METHODS Graded glass/zirconia specimens were prepared by sintering with concurrent glass-infiltration of pre-sintered zirconia (3Y-TZP) with a polished or as-machined surface. Monolithic zirconia samples were sintered and their surfaces were polished or glazed (as-machined). Glass-ceramic samples were obtained and the surface polished. All specimens were subjected to chewing simulations with a steatite antagonist (r = 3 mm) and a cyclic load of 50 N. Quantitative measurements of wear and roughness were performed on ceramics and antagonists for prescribed number of cycles. Damage sustained in ceramics and antagonists was analyzed by SEM. RESULTS The polished zirconia presented little to no variation in wear depth (2 μm) and roughness (0.06 μm). Graded and glazed zirconia experienced a rapid increase in wear depth while the superficial glass layer was present (until 1000 cycles), but showed little variations afterwards - at 450k cycles ∼15 μm for graded and 78 μm for glazed zirconia. The glass-ceramic presented the greatest wear depth (463 μm) and roughness (1.48 μm). Polished zirconia, polished graded zirconia and glazed zirconia yielded significantly lower volumetric wear (∼3 mm3) of the antagonist than as-machined graded zirconia and glass-ceramic (∼5 mm3). SIGNIFICANCE Polished graded zirconia and polished zirconia presented little wear and roughness, as well as yielded reduced antagonist wear. Glassy materials are both more susceptible to wear and more abrasive to the antagonist relative to zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R Kaizer
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; Graduate Program in Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, PR 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Moraes
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS 96015-560, Brazil
| | - Sergio S Cava
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS 96010-560, Brazil
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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Madeira S, Mesquita-Guimarães J, Ribeiro P, Fredel M, Souza JCM, Soares D, Silva FS, Henriques B. Y-TZP/porcelain graded dental restorations design for improved damping behavior - A study on damping capacity and dynamic Young's modulus. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 96:219-226. [PMID: 31055212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of dental restorative materials that mimic tooth-like properties provided by graded structures, aesthetics and properties such as strength, damping capacity and the ability for a continuous remodeling according to the biomechanical solicitation is a great challenge. In this work, damping capacity and dynamic Young's modulus of Y-TZP/porcelain composites for all-ceramic dental restorations were studied. These mechanical properties were assessed by dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA) at frequencies of 1, 5 and 10 Hz, over a temperature ranging from 0 to 60 °C, simulating extreme conditions when a cold or hot drink is experienced. The results showed that porcelain and porcelain-matrix composites exhibited higher damping capacity while Y-TZP and Y-TZP-matrix composites presented higher dynamic Young's modulus. Furthermore, while damping capacity is strongly influenced by the temperature, no significant difference in dynamic Young's modulus was found. For both damping and modulus properties, no significant influence of frequency was found for the tested materials. Based on the obtained results and also on the known advantages of the graded Y-TZP/porcelain structures over traditional bi-layer solutions (e.g., improved bending strength, enhanced mechanical and thermal stress distribution), a novel design of all-ceramic restoration with damping capacity has been proposed at the end of this study. A positive impact on the long-term performance of these all-ceramic restorations may be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Madeira
- Center for Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - J Mesquita-Guimarães
- Center for Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - P Ribeiro
- Center for Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - M Fredel
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - J C M Souza
- Center for Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Dental Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - D Soares
- Center for Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - F S Silva
- Center for Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Center for Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal; Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; School of Dentistry (DODT), Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry (PPGO), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Abstract
This review highlights ceramic material options and their use. The newer high-strength ceramics in monolithic form have gained popularity despite the lack of long-term clinical data to support this paradigm shift. Although there are some encouraging clinical data available, there is a need to develop laboratory simulation models that can help predict long-term clinical performance for ceramic and adhesive cements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Seghi
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, 305 West 12th Avenue, Room 3005H, Columbus, OH 43210-1267, USA.
| | - Diana Leyva Del Rio
- Oral Biology, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, 305 West 12th Avenue, Room 3037D, Columbus, OH 43210-1267, USA
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Yamauchi S, Miura S, Kasahara S, Sun J, Egusa H. A thick frame decreases the fracture toughness of veneering ceramics used for zirconia-based all-ceramic restorations. J Prosthodont Res 2019; 63:184-92. [PMID: 30579782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the influence of firing condition and thickness of a yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) frame on the fracture toughness of veneering ceramics. METHODS Layering and pressable ceramics without frames or on 0.8- and 1.2-mm-thick Y-TZP frames were fired with 5 schedules (normal and 4 customized conditions). The fracture toughness of the ceramics was measured at 0.5-2.5mm from the frame by the indentation fracture method. Crystal structures at the measurement points were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS Under customized firing conditions, the fracture toughness of the layering ceramic significantly decreased, particularly near the frame. Use of a 1.2-mm-thick frame significantly decreased the fracture toughness of both layering and pressable ceramics compared to ceramics without the frame. The decreased fracture toughness only occurred close (0.5 and 1.0mm) to the frame. XRD analysis showed identical diffraction patterns between points near and far from the frame, suggesting that the decreased fracture toughness was not due to crystal defects or impurities. SEM revealed many microcracks and large crystals in layering ceramic near the 1.2-mm-thick frame, possibly resulting from the thermal properties of the zirconia frame, such as large heat capacity and low thermal conductivity. CONCLUSIONS Modification of the firing conditions from the manufacturer's instructions and inclusion of a thick Y-TZP frame decreased the fracture toughness of veneering ceramics at the interface, suggesting that a thick frame would pose a potent fracture risk in veneering ceramics used for zirconia-based all-ceramic restorations.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze the surface roughness of yttrium stabilized tetragonal polycrystalline zirconia (Y-TZP) ceramics after different laser treatments (CO2, ER: YAG). METHODS 5x5x2 mm rectangular prisms of forty eight Y-TZP (Zirkonzahn) ceramic specimens were prepared. In order to standardize surfaces, 600-, 1200- grid silicon carbide papers were used to gradually ground wet on 300 rpm grinding machine for 10 s. Eight groups (n = 6) were randomly formed from the specimens of each ceramic as control (GroupC), sandblasted (GroupS), two different CO2 laser treatments (Group3W: 3 W and 382 w/cal, Group4W: 4 W and 509w/cal) and four different Er: YAG laser treatments (Group150SP: 150 mJ and 10-Hz with 100μS; Group150SSP: 150 mJ and 10-Hz with 300μS; Group300SP: 300 mJ and 10-Hz with 100μS; Group300SSP: 300 mJ and 10-Hz with 300μS). A profilometer was used to conduct surface roughness measurements (Ra). Surface morphologies of the specimens were evaluated under SEM after laser treatment. RESULTS To analyze the data one-way ANOVA and to compare the mean values Tukey HSD tests (α = .05) were used. One - way ANOVA results showed that Group S had the highest Ra value and Group150 SP had the lowest. After sandblasting group the highest value was seen in Group4W. There were no statistically significant differences among Group C, Group3W, Group150SSP, Group300SP, and Group300SSP. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that surface roughness of zirconium oxide ceramics was increased with CO2 laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goknil Ergun Kunt
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Atakum, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahim Duran
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a novel protocol that is precise and accurate for analyzing the fracture surfaces of ceramic specimens using fractal geometry and to demonstrate its use on both clinically retrieved specimens and standard test specimens. METHODS A MathCAD script was written to transfer data from atomic force microscope scans to the FRACTALS software of John Russ. This software provided six algorithms for analyzing surfaces, so an experiment was conducted to determine which algorithm provided the most precision in fractal dimensional increment (D*) values and to calibrate that algorithm on surfaces generated with known D* values. Physical specimens were then tested using the chosen algorithm. These included pure silica glass fractured in deionized water versus nominally identical specimens fractured in saliva. Light body polyvinysiloxane was used to make impressions of Y-TZP fracture surfaces, and replicas were casted using a low-viscosity, low-shrinkage epoxy. Clinically failed Y-TZP dental implants were also examined. In addition, the fracture toughness and D* values of four ceramic materials (silicon nitride, silica glass, Y-TZP, and lithium disilicate glass-ceramic) were tested using standard geometry flexure beam specimens (ISO 6872). RESULTS The Minkowksi Cover algorithm was the most precise algorithm, and it had a negative bias that was corrected. There was no difference in D* based on water vs. saliva environment (p>0.05), and D* values from the deionized water group had lower standard deviation. The mean D* value obtained from the epoxy replicas 2.247 (0.007) was the same as that obtained from the original Y-TZP specimens 2.245 (0.002) (p=0.43, paired t-test). All scanned areas of the dental implants were fractal in nature, and there was no difference in fractal dimension between the locations near the failure origin and those far from the origin (on the compression curl) (p=0.74, repeated measures ANOVA). There was little scatter in the data collected using the revised protocol on ISO 6872 specimens, and the regression models succeeded in passing through the origin while achieving a good fit to the data (R2=0.99 and 0.95). SIGNIFICANCE The new protocol proved to be a powerful tool in analyzing fracture surfaces of dental ceramic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Griggs
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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Igarashi K, Nakahara K, Kobayashi E, Watanabe F, Haga-Tsujimura M. Hard and soft tissue responses to implant made of three different materials with microgrooved collar in a dog model. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:964-972. [PMID: 29998938 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess hard and soft tissue around dental implants made of three different materials with microgrooves on the collar surface. Microgrooved implants were inserted in the mandibles of five male beagles. Implants were made of three kinds of material; titanium (Ti), yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) and ceria partially stabilized zirconia/alumina nanocomposite (Ce-TZP/Al2O3). The animals were euthanatized at three months after implantation, and harvested tissue was analyzed by means of histology. All kinds of implant were osseointegrated, and there were no significant differences in any histomorphometric parameters among the three groups of microgrooved implants made of different materials. Within the limitations of this study, implants with microgrooves integrated into the surrounding bone tissue, without statistically significant differences among the three tested materials, Ti, Y-TZP, and Ce-TZP/Al2O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Igarashi
- Department of Life Science Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University
| | - Ken Nakahara
- Advanced Research Center, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Eizaburo Kobayashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Fumihiko Watanabe
- Department of Crown and Bridge Prosthodontics, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
| | - Maiko Haga-Tsujimura
- Department of Histology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata
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Rezaei NM, Hasegawa M, Ishijima M, Nakhaei K, Okubo T, Taniyama T, Ghassemi A, Tahsili T, Park W, Hirota M, Ogawa T. Biological and osseointegration capabilities of hierarchically (meso-/micro-/nano-scale) roughened zirconia. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3381-3395. [PMID: 29922058 PMCID: PMC5997135 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s159955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Zirconia is a potential alternative to titanium for dental and orthopedic implants. Here we report the biological and bone integration capabilities of a new zirconia surface with distinct morphology at the meso-, micro-, and nano-scales. METHODS Machine-smooth and roughened zirconia disks were prepared from yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP), with rough zirconia created by solid-state laser sculpting. Morphology of the surfaces was analyzed by three-dimensional imaging and profiling. Rat femur-derived bone marrow cells were cultured on zirconia disks. Zirconia implants were placed in rat femurs and the strength of osseointegration was evaluated by biomechanical push-in test. RESULTS The rough zirconia surface was characterized by meso-scale (50 µm wide, 6-8 µm deep) grooves, micro-scale (1-10 µm wide, 0.1-3 µm deep) valleys, and nano-scale (10-400 nm wide, 10-300 nm high) nodules, whereas the machined surface was flat and uniform. The average roughness (Ra) of rough zirconia was five times greater than that of machined zirconia. The expression of bone-related genes such as collagen I, osteopontin, osteocalcin, and BMP-2 was 7-25 times upregulated in osteoblasts on rough zirconia at the early stage of culture. The number of attached cells and rate of proliferation were similar between machined and rough zirconia. The strength of osseointegration for rough zirconia was twice that of machined zirconia at weeks two and four of healing, with evidence of mineralized tissue persisting around rough zirconia implants as visualized by electron microscopy and elemental analysis. CONCLUSION This unique meso-/micro-/nano-scale rough zirconia showed a remarkable increase in osseointegration compared to machine-smooth zirconia associated with accelerated differentiation of osteoblasts. Cell attachment and proliferation were not compromised on rough zirconia unlike on rough titanium. This is the first report introducing a rough zirconia surface with distinct hierarchical morphology and providing an effective strategy to improve and develop zirconia implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Mohammadzadeh Rezaei
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Masakazu Hasegawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manabu Ishijima
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kourosh Nakhaei
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takahisa Okubo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Taniyama
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amirreza Ghassemi
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tania Tahsili
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wonhee Park
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Makoto Hirota
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Bakitian F, Seweryniak P, Papia E, Larsson C, Vult von Steyern P. Effect of different semimonolithic designs on fracture resistance and fracture mode of translucent and high-translucent zirconia crowns. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2018; 10:51-60. [PMID: 29628778 PMCID: PMC5878660 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s157118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to describe different designs of semimonolithic crowns made of translucent and high-translucent zirconia materials and to evaluate the effect on fracture resistance and fracture mode. Methods One hundred crowns with different designs were produced and divided into five groups (n=20): monolithic (M), partially veneered monolithic (semimonolithic) with 0.3 mm buccal veneer (SM0.3), semimonolithic with 0.5 mm buccal veneer (SM0.5), semimonolithic with 0.5 mm buccal veneer supported by wave design (SMW), and semimonolithic with 0.5 mm buccal veneer supported by occlusal cap design (SMC). Each group was divided into two subgroups (n=10) according to the materials used, translucent and high-translucent zirconia. All crowns underwent artificial aging before loading until fracture. Fracture mode analysis was performed. Fracture loads and fracture modes were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Fisher's exact probability tests (P≤0.05). Results SM0.3 design showed highest fracture loads with no significant difference compared to M and SMW designs (P>0.05). SM0.5 design showed lower fracture loads compared to SMW and SWC designs. Crowns made of translucent zirconia showed higher fracture loads compared to those made of high-translucent zirconia. M, SM0.3, and all but one of the SMC crowns showed complete fractures with significant differences in fracture mode compared to SMW and SM0.5 crowns with cohesive veneer fractures (P≤0.05). Conclusion Translucent and high-translucent zirconia crowns might be used in combination with 0.3 mm microcoating porcelain layer with semimonolithic design to enhance the esthetic properties of restorations without significantly decreasing fracture resistance of the crowns. If 0.5 mm porcelain layer is needed for a semimonolithic crown, wave design or cap design might be used to increase fracture resistance. In both cases, fracture resistance gained is likely to be clinically sufficient as the registered fracture loads were high in relation to expected loads under clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Bakitian
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Evaggelia Papia
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christel Larsson
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per Vult von Steyern
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Lim MJ, Yu MK, Lee KW. The effect of continuous application of MDP-containing primer and luting resin cement on bond strength to tribochemical silica-coated Y-TZP. Restor Dent Endod 2018; 43:e19. [PMID: 29765899 PMCID: PMC5952057 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2018.43.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the effect of continuous application of 10-methacryloyloxydecyldihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-containing primer and luting resin cement on bond strength to tribochemical silica-coated yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP). Materials and Methods Forty bovine teeth and Y-TZP specimens were prepared. The dentin specimens were embedded in molds, with one side of the dentin exposed for cementation with the zirconia specimen. The Y-TZP specimen was prepared in the form of a cylinder with a diameter of 3 mm and a height of 10 mm. The bonding surface of the Y-TZP specimen was sandblasted with silica-coated aluminium oxide particles. The forty tribochemical silica-coated Y-TZP specimens were cemented to the bovine dentin (4 groups; n = 10) with either an MDP-free primer or an MDP-containing primer and either an MDP-free resin cement or an MDP-containing resin cement. After a shear bond strength (SBS) test, the data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test (α = 0.05). Results The group with MDP-free primer and resin cement showed significantly lower SBS values than the MDP-containing groups (p < 0.05). Among the MDP-containing groups, the group with MDP-containing primer and resin cement showed significantly higher SBS values than the other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions The combination of MDP-containing primer and luting cement following tribochemical silica coating to Y-TZP was the best choice among the alternatives tested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Jin Lim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Yu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Sawada T, Schille C, Zöldföldi J, Schweizer E, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Spintzyk S. Influence of a surface conditioner to pre-sintered zirconia on the biaxial flexural strength and phase transformation. Dent Mater 2018; 34:486-493. [PMID: 29301652 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the influence of a surface conditioner applied to pre-sintered yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) on the biaxial flexural strength and phase transformation. METHODS Conditioner-coated specimens (12mm diameter×0.8mm thickness) were prepared by application of a slurry conditioner using a brush on pre-sintered Y-TZP discs, followed by sandblasting with 50-μm Al2O3 after sintering (C-SB) or no further treatment (C-NT). The remaining conditioner-free specimens were subjected to sandblasting before sintering (NC-SB) or were maintained without treatment (NC-NT). Surface roughness measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) were performed for surface characterizations. The phase transformation of Y-TZP was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the biaxial flexural strength was measured using the piston-on-three-ball test according to ISO 6872:2015. The data were analyzed using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis tests and Weibull distributions with the maximum likelihood estimation. RESULTS Sandblasting resulted in significantly rougher surfaces, irrespective of conditioner application. Conditioner layers were observed on surfaces in the C-NT and C-SB specimens. Monoclinic contents were present in a very small amount in the C-SB specimens. Both median biaxial flexural and characteristic strengths of all specimens exceeded ISO 6872:2015 requirements (Class 5: >800MPa), except the NC-SB specimens which showed significantly the lowest strength (p<0.001). Although no statistical difference was observed in Weibull modulus among the specimens (p=0.598), the NC-SB specimens showed the highest. SIGNIFICANCE Surface conditioner application does not affect the biaxial flexural strength and phase stability of Y-TZP and can be considered practical for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Sawada
- Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Christine Schille
- Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Judit Zöldföldi
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 2b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Ernst Schweizer
- Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Geis-Gerstorfer
- Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Spintzyk
- Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Miranda RBDP, Miranda WG, Lazar DRR, Ussui V, Marchi J, Cesar PF. Effect of titania content and biomimetic coating on the mechanical properties of the Y-TZP/TiO 2 composite. Dent Mater 2017; 34:238-245. [PMID: 29183671 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of titania addition (0, 10 and 30mol%) on the microstructure, relative density, Young's modulus (E), Poisson's ratio (υ), mechanical properties (flexural strength, σf, and Weibull modulus, m) of a Y-TZP/TiO2 composite. The effect of the presence of a biomimetic coating on the microstructure and mechanical properties was also evaluated. METHODS Y-TZP (3mol% of yttria) and Y-TZP/TiO2 composite (10 or 30mol% of titania) were synthesized by co-precipitation. The powders were pressed and sintered at 1400°C/2h. The surfaces, with and without biomimetic coating, were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The relative density was measured by the Archimedes' principle. E and υ were measured by ultrasonic pulse-echo method. For the mechanical properties the specimens (n=30 for each group) were tested in a universal testing machine. RESULTS Titania addition increased the grain size of the composite and caused a significant decrease in the flexural strength (in MPa, control 815.4a; T10 455.7b and T30 336.0c), E (in GPa, control 213.4a; T10 155.8b and T30 134.0c) and relative density (control 99.0%a; T10 94.4%c and T30 96.3%b) of the Y-TZP/TiO2 composite. The presence of 30% titania caused substantial increase in m and υ. Biomimetic coating did not affect the mechanical properties of the composite. SIGNIFICANCE The Y-TZP/TiO2 composite coated with a layer of CaP has great potential to be used as implant material. Although addition of titania affected the properties of the composite, the application of a biomimetic coating did not jeopardize its reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter Gomes Miranda
- Departamento de Biomateriais e Biologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar
- Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Valter Ussui
- Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Marchi
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Francisco Cesar
- Departamento de Biomateriais e Biologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Kaizer MR, Gierthmuehlen PC, dos Santos MBF, Cava SS, Zhang Y. Speed sintering translucent zirconia for chairside one-visit dental restorations: Optical, mechanical, and wear characteristics. Ceram Int 2017; 43:10999-11005. [PMID: 29097830 PMCID: PMC5662116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.05.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of zirconia dental restorations is a time-consuming process due to traditional slow sintering schemes; zirconia (Y-TZP) produced by these conventional routes are predominantly opaque. Novel speed sintering protocols have been developed to meet the demand for time and cost effective chairside CAD/CAM-produced restorations, as well as to control ceramic microstructures for better translucency. Although the speed sintering protocols have already been used to densify dental Y-TZP, the wear properties of these restorations remain elusive. Fast heating and cooling rates, as well as shorter sintering dwell times are known to affect the microstructure and properties of zirconia. Thus, we hypothesize that speed sintered zirconia dental restorations possess distinct wear and physical characteristics relative to their conventionally sintered counterparts. Glazed monolithic molar crowns of translucent Y-TZP (inCoris TZI, Sirona) were fabricated using three distinct sintering profiles: Super-speed (SS, 1580 °C, dwell time 10 min), Speed (S, 1510 °C, dwell time 25 min), and Long-term (LT, 1510 °C, dwell time 120 min). Microstructural, optical and wear properties were investigated. Crowns that were super-speed sintered possessed higher translucency. Areas of mild and severe wear were observed on the zirconia surface in all groups. Micropits in the wear crater were less frequent for the LT group. Groups S and SS exhibited more surface pits, which caused a scratched steatite surface that is associated with a greater volume loss. Tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation, resulting from the sliding wear process, was present in all three groups. Although all test groups had withstood thermo-mechanical challenges, the presence of hairline cracks emanating from the occlusal wear facets and extending deep into the restoration indicates their susceptibility to fatigue sliding contact fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R. Kaizer
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Petra C. Gierthmuehlen
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Sergio S. Cava
- Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
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Paes PNG, Bastian FL, Jardim PM. The influence of Y-TZP surface treatment on topography and ceramic/resin cement interfacial fracture toughness. Dent Mater 2017; 33:976-989. [PMID: 28662861 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consider the efficacy of glass infiltration etching (SIE) treatment as a procedure to modify the zirconia surface resulting in higher interfacial fracture toughness. METHODS Y-TZP was subjected to 5 different surface treatments conditions consisting of no treatment (G1), SIE followed by hydrofluoric acid treatment (G2), heat treated at 750°C (G3), hydrofluoric acid treated (G4) and airborne-particle abrasion with alumina particles (G5). The effect of surface treatment on roughness was evaluated by Atomic Force Microscopy providing three different parameters: Ra, Rsk and surface area variation. The ceramic/resin cement interface was analyzed by Fracture Mechanics KI test with failure mode determined by fractographic analysis. Weibull's analysis was also performed to evaluate the structural integrity of the adhesion zone. RESULTS G2 and G4 specimens showed very similar, and high Ra values but different surface area variation (33% for G2 and 13% for G4) and they presented the highest fracture toughness (KIC). Weibull's analysis showed G2 (SIE) tendency to exhibit higher KIC values than the other groups but with more data scatter and a higher early failure probability than G4 specimens. SIGNIFICANCE Selective glass infiltration etching surface treatment was effective in modifying the zirconia surface roughness, increasing the bonding area and hence the mechanical imbrications at the zirconia/resin cement interface resulting in higher fracture toughness (KIC) values with higher KIC values obtained when failure probability above 20% was expected (Weibull's distribution) among all the experimental groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N G Paes
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, COPPE/UFRJ, P.O. Box 68505, CEP 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - F L Bastian
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, COPPE/UFRJ, P.O. Box 68505, CEP 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P M Jardim
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, COPPE/UFRJ, P.O. Box 68505, CEP 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ke J, He F, Ye J. Enhancing the Bioactivity of Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Ceramics via Grain-Boundary Activation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:16015-16025. [PMID: 28421736 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) has been proposed as a potential dental implant because of its good biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties, and distinctive aesthetic effect. However, Y-TZP cannot form chemical bonds with bone tissue because of its biological inertness, which affects the reliability and long-term efficacy of Y-TZP implants. In this study, to improve the bioactivity of Y-TZP ceramics while maintaining their good mechanical performance, Y-TZP was modified by grain-boundary activation via the infiltration of a bioactive glass (BG) sol into the surface layers of Y-TZP ceramics under different negative pressures (atmospheric pressure, -0.05 kPa, and -0.1 kPa), followed by gelling and sintering. The in vitro bioactivity, mechanical properties, and cell behavior of the Y-TZP with improved bioactivity were systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and Raman spectroscopy. The results of the bioactivity test conducted by immersing Y-TZP in simulated body fluid (SBF) showed that a bonelike apatite layer was produced on the entire surface. The mechanical properties of the modified Y-TZP decreased as the negative pressure in the BG-infiltration process increased relative to those of the Y-TZP blank group. However, the samples infiltrated with the BG sol under -0.05 kPa and atmospheric pressure still retained good mechanical performance. The cell-culture results revealed that the bioactive surface modification of Y-TZP could promote cell adhesion and differentiation. The present work demonstrates that the bioactivity of Y-TZP can be enhanced by grain-boundary activation, and the bioactive Y-TZP is expected to be a potential candidate for use as a dental implant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhuan Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fupo He
- School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiandong Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction , Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641, China
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