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Yao T, Huang Y, Huai Z, Liu X, Liu X, Liu Y, Sun H, Pang Y. Response mechanisms to acid stress promote LF82 replication in macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1255083. [PMID: 37881369 PMCID: PMC10595154 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1255083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) LF82 is capable of adhering to and invading intestinal epithelial cells, as well as replicating within macrophages without inducing host cell death. Methods We compared the transcriptomics of LF82 at pH=7.5 and pH=5.8 by RNA-sequencing, and qRT-PCR verified differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The deletion mutants of DEGs in the treatment group (pH=5.8) compared to the control group (pH=7.5) were constructed by λ recombinant. The replication differences between the mutants and WT infected Raw 264.7 at 24 h.p.i were analyzed by combining LB solid plate count and confocal observation. NH4Cl and chloroquine diphosphate (CQ) were used for acid neutralization to study the effect of pH on the replication of LF82 in macrophages. Na2NO3 was added to RPMI 1640 to study the effect of nitrate on the replication of LF82 in macrophages. 0.3% solid LB was used for flagellar motility assay and Hela was used to study flagellar gene deletion mutants and WT adhesion and invasion ability. Results In this study, we found that infection with LF82 results in acidification of macrophages. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that an intracellular acidic environment is necessary for LF82 replication. Transcriptome and phenotypic analysis showed that high expression of acid shock genes and acid fitness genes promotes LF82 replication in macrophages. Further, we found that the replication of LF82 in macrophages was increased under nitrate treatment, and nitrogen metabolism genes of LF82 were upregulated in acid treatment. The replication in macrophages of ΔnarK, ΔnarXL, ΔnarP, and Δhmp were decreased. In addition, we found that the expression of flagellar genes was downregulated in acidic pH and after LF82 invading macrophages. Motility assay shows that the movement of LF82 on an acidic semisolid agar plate was limited. Further results showed that ΔfliC and ΔfliD decreased in motility, adhesion ability, and invasion of host cells, but no significant effect on replication in macrophages was observed. Conclusion In this study, we simulated the acidic environment in macrophages, combined with transcriptome technology, and explained from the genetic level that LF82 promotes replication by activating its acid shock and fitness system, enhancing nitrate utilization, and inhibiting flagellar function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yao
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Huang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Zimeng Huai
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingmei Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yutao Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Sun
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Pang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
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de Sousa Figueiredo MB, Pradel E, George F, Mahieux S, Houcke I, Pottier M, Fradin C, Neut C, Daniel C, Bongiovanni A, Foligné B, Titécat M. Adherent-Invasive and Non-Invasive Escherichia coli Isolates Differ in Their Effects on Caenorhabditis elegans' Lifespan. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091823. [PMID: 34576719 PMCID: PMC8465672 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) pathotype has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases in general and in Crohn’s disease (CD) in particular. AIEC strains are primarily characterized by their ability to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells. However, the genetic and phenotypic features of AIEC isolates vary greatly as a function of the strain’s clonality, host factors, and the gut microenvironment. It is thus essential to identify the determinants of AIEC pathogenicity and understand their role in intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and inflammation. We reasoned that soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (a simple but powerful model of host-bacterium interactions) could be used to study the virulence of AIEC vs. non- AIEC E. coli strains. Indeed, we found that the colonization of C. elegans (strain N2) by E. coli impacted survival in a strain-specific manner. Moreover, the AIEC strains’ ability to invade cells in vitro was linked to the median lifespan in C. elegans (strain PX627). However, neither the E. coli intrinsic invasiveness (i.e., the fact for an individual strain to be characterized as invasive or not) nor AIEC’s virulence levels (i.e., the intensity of invasion, established in % from the infectious inoculum) in intestinal epithelial cells was correlated with C. elegans’ lifespan in the killing assay. Nevertheless, AIEC longevity of C. elegans might be a relevant model for screening anti-adhesion drugs and anti-invasive probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatriz de Sousa Figueiredo
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Elizabeth Pradel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Fanny George
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Séverine Mahieux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Isabelle Houcke
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Muriel Pottier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Chantal Fradin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Christel Neut
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Catherine Daniel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Antonino Bongiovanni
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41-UMS 2014-PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Benoît Foligné
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (M.T.)
| | - Marie Titécat
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (M.T.)
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Mayorgas A, Dotti I, Martínez-Picola M, Esteller M, Bonet-Rossinyol Q, Ricart E, Salas A, Martínez-Medina M. A Novel Strategy to Study the Invasive Capability of Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli by Using Human Primary Organoid-Derived Epithelial Monolayers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:646906. [PMID: 33854511 PMCID: PMC8039293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.646906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) has been linked to the pathogenesis of Crohn’s Disease. AIEC’s characteristics, as well as its interaction with the gut immune system and its role in intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, have been extensively studied. Nevertheless, the currently available techniques to investigate the cross-talk between this pathogen and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are based on the infection of immortalized cell lines. Despite their many advantages, cell lines cannot reproduce the conditions in tissues, nor do they reflect interindividual variability or gut location-specific traits. In that sense, the use of human primary cultures, either healthy or diseased, offers a system that can overcome all of these limitations. Here, we developed a new infection model by using freshly isolated human IECs. For the first time, we generated and infected monolayer cultures derived from human colonic organoids to study the mechanisms and effects of AIEC adherence and invasion on primary human epithelial cells. To establish the optimal conditions for AIEC invasion studies in human primary organoid-derived epithelial monolayers, we designed an infection-kinetics study to assess the infection dynamics at different time points, as well as with two multiplicities of infection (MOI). Overall, this method provides a model for the study of host response to AIEC infections, as well as for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in adhesion, invasion and intracellular replication. Therefore, it represents a promising tool for elucidating the cross-talk between AIEC and the intestinal epithelium in healthy and diseased tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Mayorgas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabella Dotti
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Picola
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Esteller
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Queralt Bonet-Rossinyol
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Elena Ricart
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
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Dogan B, Zhang S, Kalla SE, Dogan EI, Guo C, Ang CR, Simpson KW. Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of Escherichia coli Associated with Granulomatous Colitis of Boxer Dogs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090540. [PMID: 32854367 PMCID: PMC7559917 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive Escherichia coli is causally associated with granulomatous colitis (GC) of Boxer dogs and French Bulldogs. The virulence determinants of GC E. coli are unclear. E. coli isolated from 16 GC (36 strains) and 17 healthy control (HC: 33 strains) dogs were diverse in phylogeny, genotype, and serotype and lacked diarrheagenic genes. Genes encoding type II (gsp), IV (traC), and VI (hcp) secretion systems, long polar fimbriae (lpfA154/141), and iron acquisition (fyuA, chuA) were frequent in GC and HC. E. coli from 14/15 GC and 10/11 HC invaded Caco-2 better than non-pathogenic E. coli strain DH5α, with invasion correlated with motility and presence of chuA and colV. E. coli from all GC and 10/11 HC survived better than DH5α in J774 macrophages, with adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) in 60% GC and 73% HC. AIEC replicated in monocyte derived macrophages from a GC Boxer with CD48/SLAM risk haplotype but not the HC. Fluroquinolone resistant E. coli were less motile and invasive than fluoroquinolone sensitive (p < 0.05), and only 1/8 resistant strains met criteria for AIEC. In conclusion GC E. coli are diverse, resemble extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), including AIEC, and can replicate in GC-susceptible macrophages. They are likely resident pathosymbionts that can opportunistically persist within macrophages of a GC-susceptible dog.
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Perna A, Hay E, Contieri M, De Luca A, Guerra G, Lucariello A. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC): Cause or consequence of inflammation, dysbiosis, and rupture of cellular joints in patients with IBD? J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5041-5049. [PMID: 31898324 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There are many factors contributing to the development of gastrointestinal diseases, grouped into genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In recent years attention has fallen on pathogens; in particular, Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Helicobacter pylori have been studied. Several points remain to be clarified, and above all, as regards the adherent-invasive E. coli strains of E. coli, one wonders if they are a cause or a consequence of the disease. In this review, we have tried to clarify some points by examining a series of recent publications regarding the involvement of the bacterium in the pathology, even if other studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Perna
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Eleonora Hay
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella Contieri
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Angela Lucariello
- Department of Sport Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
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