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Farinha CM, Santos L, Ferreira JF. Cell type-specific regulation of CFTR trafficking-on the verge of progress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1338892. [PMID: 38505263 PMCID: PMC10949533 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1338892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Trafficking of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein is a complex process that starts with its biosynthesis and folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. Exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is coupled with the acquisition of a compact structure that can be processed and traffic through the secretory pathway. Once reaching its final destination-the plasma membrane, CFTR stability is regulated through interaction with multiple protein partners that are involved in its post-translation modification, connecting the channel to several signaling pathways. The complexity of the process is further boosted when analyzed in the context of the airway epithelium. Recent advances have characterized in detail the different cell types that compose the surface epithelium and shifted the paradigm on which cells express CFTR and on their individual and combined contribution to the total expression (and function) of this chloride/bicarbonate channel. Here we review CFTR trafficking and its relationship with the knowledge on the different cell types of the airway epithelia. We explore the crosstalk between these two areas and discuss what is still to be clarified and how this can be used to develop more targeted therapies for CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Farinha
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI—Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Sudhadevi T, Ackerman SJ, Jafri A, Basa P, Ha AW, Natarajan V, Harijith A. Sphingosine kinase 1-specific inhibitor PF543 reduces goblet cell metaplasia of bronchial epithelium in an acute asthma model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L377-L392. [PMID: 38290992 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00269.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) has been shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis of asthma where SPHK1-generated sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is known to mediate innate and adaptive immunity while promoting mast cell degranulation. Goblet cell metaplasia (GCM) contributes to airway obstruction in asthma and has been demonstrated in animal models. We investigated the role of PF543, a SPHK1-specific inhibitor, in preventing the pathogenesis of GCM using a murine (C57BL/6) model of allergen-induced acute asthma. Treatment with PF543 before triple allergen exposure (DRA: House dust mite, Ragweed pollen, and Aspergillus) reduced inflammation, eosinophilic response, and GCM followed by reduced airway hyperreactivity to intravenous methacholine. Furthermore, DRA exposure was associated with increased expression of SPHK1 in the airway epithelium which was reduced by PF543. DRA-induced reduction of acetylated α-tubulin in airway epithelium was associated with an increased expression of NOTCH2 and SPDEF which was prevented by PF543. In vitro studies using human primary airway epithelial cells showed that inhibition of SPHK1 using PF543 prevented an allergen-induced increase of both NOTCH2 and SPDEF. siRNA silencing of SPHK1 prevented the allergen-induced increase of both NOTCH2 and SPDEF. NOTCH2 silencing was associated with a reduction of SPDEF but not that of SPHK1 upon allergen exposure. Our studies demonstrate that inhibition of SPHK1 protected allergen-challenged airways by preventing GCM and airway hyperreactivity, associated with downregulation of the NOTCH2-SPDEF signaling pathway. This suggests a potential novel link between SPHK1, GCM, and airway remodeling in asthma.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The role of SPHK1-specific inhibitor, PF543, in preventing goblet cell metaplasia (GCM) and airway hyperreactivity (AHR) is established in an allergen-induced mouse model. This protection was associated with the downregulation of NOTCH2-SPDEF signaling pathway, suggesting a novel link between SPHK1, GCM, and AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Sudhadevi
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Steven J Ackerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Anjum Jafri
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Prathima Basa
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Alison W Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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Sverrild A, Cerps S, Nieto-Fontarigo JJ, Ramu S, Hvidtfeldt M, Menzel M, Kearley J, Griffiths JM, Parnes JR, Porsbjerg C, Uller L. Tezepelumab decreases airway epithelial IL-33 and T2-inflammation in response to viral stimulation in patients with asthma. Allergy 2024; 79:656-666. [PMID: 37846599 DOI: 10.1111/all.15918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory virus infections are main triggers of asthma exacerbations. Tezepelumab, an anti-TSLP mAb, reduces exacerbations in patients with asthma, but the effect of blocking TSLP on host epithelial resistance and tolerance to virus infection is not known. AIM To examine effects of blocking TSLP in patients with asthma on host resistance (IFNβ, IFNλ, and viral load) and on the airway epithelial inflammatory response to viral challenge. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF, n = 39) and bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) were obtained from patients with uncontrolled asthma before and after 12 weeks of tezepelumab treatment (n = 13) or placebo (n = 13). BECs were cultured in vitro and exposed to the viral infection mimic poly(I:C) or infected by rhinovirus (RV). Alarmins, T2- and pro-inflammatory cytokines, IFNβ IFNλ, and viral load were analyzed by RT-qPCR and multiplex ELISA before and after stimulation. RESULTS IL-33 expression in unstimulated BECs and IL-33 protein levels in BALF were reduced after 12 weeks of tezepelumab. Further, IL-33 gene and protein levels decreased in BECs challenged with poly(I:C) after tezepelumab whereas TSLP gene expression remained unaffected. Poly(I:C)-induced IL-4, IL-13, and IL-17A release from BECs was also reduced with tezepelumab whereas IFNβ and IFNλ expression and viral load were unchanged. CONCLUSION Blocking TSLP with tezepelumab in vivo in asthma reduced the airway epithelial inflammatory response including IL-33 and T2 cytokines to viral challenge without affecting anti-viral host resistance. Our results suggest that blocking TSLP stabilizes the bronchial epithelial immune response to respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sverrild
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Cerps
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J J Nieto-Fontarigo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- BioLympho Research group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology-Biological Research Centre (CIBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Translational Research in Airway Diseases Group (TRIAD), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Ramu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Hvidtfeldt
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Menzel
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Kearley
- Bioscience, Research & Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - J M Griffiths
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research & Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - J R Parnes
- Translational Medicine, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - C Porsbjerg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Uller
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Robinson E, Sawhney S, Cortina-Borja M, David AL, Smith CM, Smyth RL. Neutrophil responses to RSV infection show differences between infant and adult neutrophils. Thorax 2024:thorax-2023-220081. [PMID: 38050163 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2023-220081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a severe respiratory condition, bronchiolitis, in infants but not in adults. Bronchiolitis is characterised by neutrophilic infiltration in the airways, but whether neutrophils enhance recovery from infection or contribute to its pathology remains unknown. METHODS We used a novel in-vitro model to compare term umbilical cord blood (infant) (n=17 donors) and adult neutrophils (n=15 donors) during migration across RSV-infected differentiated human nasal airway epithelial cells (AECs) in a basolateral to apical direction. RESULTS Greater numbers of infant neutrophils (mean (95% CI)) (336 684 (242 352 to 431 015)) migrated across RSV-infected AECs to the apical compartment (equivalent to the airway lumen) compared with adult neutrophils (56 586 (24 954 to 88 218)) (p<0.0001). Having reached the apical compartment of infected AECs, much greater numbers of infant neutrophils (140 787 (103 117 to 178 456)) became apoptotic compared with adult (5853 (444 to 11 261)) (p=0.002). Infant neutrophils displayed much greater expression of CD11b, CD64, neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) than adult neutrophils at baseline and at all points of migration. However, as adult neutrophils migrated, expression of CD11b, CD64, NE and MPO became greater than at baseline. DISCUSSION The high proportion of infant neutrophils migrating across RSV-infected AECs correlates with the neutrophilic infiltrate seen in infants with severe RSV bronchiolitis, with large numbers undergoing apoptosis, which may represent a protective mechanism during infection. Compared with adult neutrophils, infant neutrophils already have high expression of surface markers before contact with AECs or migration, with less capacity to increase further in response to RSV infection or migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shyam Sawhney
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Anna L David
- UCL Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute of Women's Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Claire M Smith
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Rosalind L Smyth
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK
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Pace E, Di Vincenzo S, Ferraro M, Lanata L, Scaglione F. Role of airway epithelium in viral respiratory infections: Can carbocysteine prevent or mitigate them? Immunology 2024. [PMID: 38354831 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in airway epithelial homeostasis increase viral respiratory infections risk. Viral infections frequently are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, events that dramatically promote disease progression. Mechanism promoting the main respiratory viruses entry and virus-evocated innate and adaptive immune responses have now been elucidated, and an oxidative stress central role in these pathogenic processes has been recognized. Presence of reactive oxygen species in macrophages and other cells allows them to eliminate virus, but its excess alters the balance between innate and adaptive immune responses and proteases/anti-proteases and leads to uncontrolled inflammation, tissue damage, and hypercoagulability. Different upper and lower airway cell types also play a role in viral entry and infection. Carbocysteine is a muco-active drug with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties used for the management of several chronic respiratory diseases. Although the use of anti-oxidants has been proposed as an effective strategy in COPD exacerbations management, the molecular mechanisms that explain carbocysteine efficacy have not yet been fully clarified. The present review describes the most relevant features of the common respiratory virus pathophysiology with a focus on epithelial cells and oxidative stress role and reports data supporting a putative role of carbocysteine in viral respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Pace
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Scaglione
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Malet K, Faure E, Adam D, Donner J, Liu L, Pilon SJ, Fraser R, Jorth P, Newman DK, Brochiero E, Rousseau S, Nguyen D. Intracellular Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the Airway Epithelium of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Tissues. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024. [PMID: 38324627 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202308-1451oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a.) is the major bacterial pathogen colonizing the airways of adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and causes chronic infections that persist despite antibiotic therapy. Intracellular bacteria may represent an unrecognized reservoir of bacteria that evades the immune system and antibiotic therapy. While the ability of P.a. to invade and survive within epithelial cells has been described in vitro in different epithelial cell models, evidence of this intracellular lifestyle in human lung tissues is currently lacking. OBJECTIVES To detect and characterize intracellular P.a. in CF airway epithelium from human lung explant tissues. METHODS We sampled the lung explant tissues from CF patients undergoing lung transplantation and non-CF lung donor control. We analyzed lung tissue sections for the presence of intracellular P.a. by quantitative culture and microscopy, in parallel to histopathology and airway morphometry. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS P.a. was isolated from the lungs of 7 CF patients undergoing lung transplantation. Microscopic assessment revealed the presence of intracellular P.a. within airway epithelial cells in 3 out of the 7 patients analyzed, at a varying but low frequency. We observed those events occurring in lung regions with high bacterial burden. CONCLUSION This is the first study describing the presence of intracellular P.a. in CF lung tissues. While intracellular P.a. in airway epithelial cells are likely relatively rare events, our findings highlight the plausible occurrence of this intracellular bacterial reservoir in chronic CF infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Malet
- Research Institute McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Faure
- CHU de Lille, Service universitaire de maladies infectieuses, Lille, Nord, France
- Research Institute McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Damien Adam
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université de Montréal, 5622, Médecine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jannik Donner
- Research Institute McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lin Liu
- Guizhou University, 71206, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Sarah-Jeanne Pilon
- McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Department of Pathology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard Fraser
- McGill University Health Centre, 54473, Pathology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter Jorth
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 548288, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Dianne K Newman
- Caltech, 6469, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Emmanuelle Brochiero
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Hôtel Dieu, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Rousseau
- McGill University, Dept. of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dao Nguyen
- Research Institute McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University, 5620, Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;
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Chu CY, Kim SY, Pryhuber GS, Mariani TJ, McGraw MD. Single-cell resolution of human airway epithelial cells exposed to bronchiolitis obliterans-associated chemicals. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L135-L148. [PMID: 38084407 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00304.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a fibrotic lung disease characterized by progressive luminal narrowing and obliteration of the small airways. In the nontransplant population, inhalation exposure to certain chemicals is associated with BO; however, the mechanisms contributing to disease induction remain poorly understood. This study's objective was to use single-cell RNA sequencing for the identification of transcriptomic signatures common to primary human airway epithelial cells after chemical exposure to BO-associated chemicals-diacetyl or nitrogen mustard-to help explain BO induction. Primary airway epithelial cells were cultured at air-liquid interface and exposed to diacetyl, nitrogen mustard, or control vapors. Cultures were dissociated and sequenced for single-cell RNA. Differential gene expression and functional pathway analyses were compared across exposures. In total, 75,663 single cells were captured and sequenced from all exposure conditions. Unbiased clustering identified 11 discrete phenotypes, including 5 basal, 2 ciliated, and 2 secretory cell clusters. With chemical exposure, the proportion of cells assigned to keratin 5+ basal cells decreased, whereas the proportion of cells aligned to secretory cell clusters increased compared with control exposures. Functional pathway analysis identified interferon signaling and antigen processing/presentation as pathways commonly upregulated after diacetyl or nitrogen mustard exposure in a ciliated cell cluster. Conversely, the response of airway basal cells differed significantly with upregulation of the unfolded protein response in diacetyl-exposed basal cells, not seen in nitrogen mustard-exposed cultures. These new insights provide early identification of airway epithelial signatures common to BO-associated chemical exposures.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a devastating fibrotic lung disease of the small airways, or bronchioles. This original manuscript uses single-cell RNA sequencing for identifying common signatures of chemically exposed airway epithelial cells in BO induction. Chemical exposure reduced the proportion of keratin 5+ basal cells while increasing the proportion of keratin 4+ suprabasal cells. Functional pathways contributory to these shifts differed significantly across exposures. These new results highlight similarities and differences in BO induction across exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yi Chu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - So-Young Kim
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Gloria S Pryhuber
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Matthew D McGraw
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
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Peña-García PE, Fastiggi VA, Mank MM, Ather JL, Garrow OJ, Anathy V, Dixon AE, Poynter ME. Bariatric surgery decreases the capacity of plasma from obese asthmatic subjects to augment airway epithelial cell proinflammatory cytokine production. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L71-L82. [PMID: 37988602 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00205.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for asthma. Individuals with asthma and obesity often have poor asthma control and do not respond as well to therapies such as inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting bronchodilators. Weight loss improves asthma control, with a 5%-10% loss in body mass necessary and sufficient to lead to clinically relevant improvements. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the pathogenic contribution of adipocytes from obese mice to the augmented production of proinflammatory cytokines from airway epithelial cells and the salutary effects of diet-induced weight loss to decrease these consequences. However, the effects of adipocyte-derived products on airway epithelial function in human obesity remain incompletely understood. We utilized samples collected from a 12-mo longitudinal study of subjects with obesity undergoing weight loss (bariatric) surgery including controls without asthma and subjects with allergic and nonallergic obese asthma. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) samples were collected during bariatric surgery and from recruited normal weight controls without asthma undergoing elective abdominal surgery. Human bronchial epithelial (HBEC3-KT) cells were exposed to plasma or conditioned media from cultured VAT adipocytes with or without agonists. Human bronchial smooth muscle (HBSM) cells were similarly exposed to adipocyte-conditioned media. Proinflammatory cytokines were augmented in supernatants from HBEC3-KT cells exposed to plasma as compared with subsequent visits. Whereas exposure to obese adipocyte-conditioned media induced proinflammatory responses, there were no differences between groups in both HBEC3-KT and HBSM cells. These data show that bariatric surgery and subsequent weight loss beneficially change the circulating factors that augment human airway epithelial and bronchial smooth muscle cell proinflammatory responses.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This longitudinal study following subjects with asthma and obesity reveals that weight loss following bariatric surgery decreases the capacity for plasma to augment proinflammatory cytokine secretion by human bronchial epithelial cells, implicating that circulating but not adipocyte-derived factors are important modulators in obese asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola E Peña-García
- Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
- Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences doctoral program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - V Amanda Fastiggi
- Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
- Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
- Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences doctoral program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Madeleine M Mank
- Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
- Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Jennifer L Ather
- Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
- Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Olivia J Garrow
- Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
- Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Anne E Dixon
- Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
- Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
| | - Matthew E Poynter
- Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
- Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
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Ye YS, Chen DF, Liu M, Luo YL, Chen HJ, Zeng HK, Liu JW, Zhu YP, Song XY, Lin CQ, Su ZQ, Li SY. Autologous Airway Basal Cell Transplantation Alleviates Airway Epithelium Defect in Recurrent Benign Tracheal Stenosis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:838-848. [PMID: 37804518 PMCID: PMC10726403 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway epithelium defects are a hallmark of recurrent benign tracheal stenosis (RBTS). Reconstructing an intact airway epithelium is of great importance in airway homeostasis and epithelial wound healing and has great potential for treating tracheal stenosis. METHODS An experimental study was conducted in canines to explore the therapeutic effect of autologous basal cell transplantation in restoring airway homeostasis. First, airway mucosae from human patients with recurrent tracheal stenosis were analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Canines were then randomly divided into tracheal stenosis, Stent, Stent + Cells, and Stent + Cells + Biogel groups. Autologous airway basal cells of canines in the Stent + Cells and Stent + Cells + Biogel groups were transplanted onto the stenotic airway after modeling. A biogel was coated on the airway prior to basal cell transplantation in the Stent + Cells + Biogel group. After bronchoscopic treatments, canines were followed up for 16 weeks. RESULTS Single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrated packed airway basal cells and an absence of normal airway epithelial cells in patients with RBTS. Autologous airway basal cell transplantation, together with biogel coating, was successfully performed in the canine model. Follow-up observation indicated that survival time in the Stent + Cells + Biogel group was significantly prolonged, with a higher (100%) survival rate compared with the other groups. In terms of pathological and bronchoscopic findings, canines that received autologous basal cell transplantation showed a reduction in granulation hyperplasia as well as airway re-epithelialization with functionally mature epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Autologous airway basal cell transplantation might serve as a novel regenerative therapy for airway re-epithelialization and inhibit recurrent granulation hyperplasia in benign tracheal stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Shun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di-Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Long Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan-Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Kang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Nanshan Medicine Innovation Institute, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang-Qin Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhu-Quan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Pu L, Yi F, Yu WJ, Li YJ, Tu YH, Xu AH, Wang Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates environmental particle-induced inflammatory response in bronchial epithelium. J Immunotoxicol 2023; 20:2229428. [PMID: 37417782 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2023.2229428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While the detailed mechanisms for how particulate matter (PM) causes adverse health effects in the lungs remain largely unknown, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in PM-induced lung injury. The present study was undertaken to examine how/if ER stress might regulate PM-induced inflammation, and to begin to define potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, ER stress hallmarks were examined in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells exposed to PM. To confirm roles of certain pathways, siRNA targeting ER stress genes and an ER stress inhibitor were employed. Expression of select inflammatory cytokines and related signaling pathway components by the cells were assessed as well. The results showed that PM exposure induced elevations in two ER stress hallmarks, i.e. GRP78 and IRE1α, in time-and/or dose-related manners in the HBE cells. Inhibition of ER stress by siRNA for GRP78 or IRE1α significantly alleviated the PM-induced effects. Further, ER stress appeared to regulate PM-induced inflammation - likely through downstream autophagy and NF-κB pathways - as implied by studies showing that inhibition of ER stress by siRNA of GRP78 or IRE1α caused significant amelioration of PM-induced autophagy and subsequent activation of NF-κB pathways. Moreover, the ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA were used to confirm the protective effects against PM-induced outcomes. Together, the results suggest ER stress plays a deleterious role in PM-induced airway inflammation, possibly through activation of autophagy and NF-κB signaling. Accordingly, protocols/treatments that could lead to inhibited ER stress could potentially be effective for treatment of PM-related airway disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, and Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fen Yi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, and Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, and Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ya-Jing Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, and Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - You-Hui Tu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, and Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ai-Hui Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, and Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, and Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Pongkorpsakol P, Yimnual C, Satianrapapong W, Worakajit N, Kaewin S, Saetang P, Rukachaisirikul V, Muanprasat C. Discovery of Fungus-Derived Nornidulin as a Novel TMEM16A Inhibitor: A Potential Therapy to Inhibit Mucus Secretion in Asthma. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:449-466. [PMID: 38026233 PMCID: PMC10657771 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s427594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inhibition of Ca2+-activated transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) Cl- channels has been proposed to alleviate mucus secretion in asthma. In this study, we identified a novel class of TMEM16A inhibitors from natural sources in airway epithelial Calu-3 cells and determine anti-asthmatic efficacy of the most potent candidate in a mouse model of asthma. Methods For electrophysiological analyses, IL-4-primed Calu-3 cell monolayers were mounted in Ussing chamber and treated with various fungus-derived depsidones prior to the addition of UTP, ionomycin, thapsigargin, or Eact to stimulate TMEM16A Cl- current. Ca2+-induced mucus secretion in Calu-3 cell monolayers was assessed by determining MUC5AC protein remaining in the cells using immunofluorescence staining. OVA-induced female BALB/c mice was used as an animal model of asthma. After the course of induction, cellular and mucus components in bronchoalveolar lavage were analyzed. Lungs were fixed and undergone with H&E and PAS staining for the evaluation of airway inflammation and mucus production, respectively. Results The screening of fungus-derived depsidones revealed that nornidulin completely abolished the UTP-activated TMEM16A current in Calu-3 cell monolayers with the IC50 and a maximal effect being at ~0.8 µM and 10 µM, respectively. Neither cell viability nor barrier function was affected by nornidulin. Mechanistically, nornidulin (10 µM) suppressed Cl- currents induced by ionomycin (a Ca2+-specific ionophore), thapsigargin (an inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase), and Eact (a putative TMEM16A activator) without interfering with intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) levels. These results suggest that nornidulin exerts its effect without changing [Ca2+]i, possibly through direct effect on TMEM16A. Interestingly, nornidulin (at 10 µM) reduced Ca2+-dependent mucus release in the Calu-3 cell monolayers. In addition, nornidulin (20 mg/kg) inhibited bronchoalveolar mucus secretion without impeding airway inflammation in ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice. Discussion and Conclusion Our study revealed that nornidulin is a novel TMEM16A inhibitor that suppresses mucus secretion without compromising immunologic activity. Further development of nornidulin may provide a new remedy for asthma or other diseases associated with allergic mucus hypersecretion without causing opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawin Pongkorpsakol
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chantapol Yimnual
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | | | - Nichakorn Worakajit
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchada Kaewin
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Praphatsorn Saetang
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
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Nashihah AK, Muhammad Firdaus FI, Fauzi MB, Mobarak NN, Lokanathan Y. Role of Biomaterials in the Development of Epithelial Support in 3D In Vitro Airway Epithelium Development: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14935. [PMID: 37834382 PMCID: PMC10573735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases have a major impact on global health. The airway epithelium, which acts as a frontline defence, is one of the most common targets for inhaled allergens, irritants, or micro-organisms to enter the respiratory system. In the tissue engineering field, biomaterials play a crucial role. Due to the continuing high impact of respiratory diseases on society and the emergence of new respiratory viruses, in vitro airway epithelial models with high microphysiological similarities that are also easily adjustable to replicate disease models are urgently needed to better understand those diseases. Thus, the development of biomaterial scaffolds for the airway epithelium is important due to their function as a cell-support device in which cells are seeded in vitro and then are encouraged to lay down a matrix to form the foundations of a tissue for transplantation. Studies conducted in in vitro models are necessary because they accelerate the development of new treatments. Moreover, in comparatively controlled conditions, in vitro models allow for the stimulation of complex interactions between cells, scaffolds, and growth factors. Based on recent studies, the biomaterial scaffolds that have been tested in in vitro models appear to be viable options for repairing the airway epithelium and avoiding any complications. This review discusses the role of biomaterial scaffolds in in vitro airway epithelium models. The effects of scaffold, physicochemical, and mechanical properties in recent studies were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ab Karim Nashihah
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (F.I.M.F.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Fairuz Izan Muhammad Firdaus
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (F.I.M.F.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Mh. Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (F.I.M.F.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Nadhratun Naiim Mobarak
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia (F.I.M.F.); (M.B.F.)
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Volpe S, Irish J, Palumbo S, Lee E, Herbert J, Ramadan I, Chang EH. Viral infections and chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:819-826. [PMID: 37574080 PMCID: PMC10592176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections are the most common cause of upper respiratory infections; they frequently infect adults once or twice and children 6 to 8 times annually. In most cases, these infections are self-limiting and resolve. However, many patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) relay that their initiating event began with an upper respiratory infection that progressed in both symptom severity and duration. Viruses bind to sinonasal epithelia through specific receptors, thereby entering cells and replicating within them. Viral infections stimulate interferon-mediated innate immune responses. Recent studies suggest that viral infections may also induce type 2 immune responses and stimulate the aberrant production of cytokines that can result in loss of barrier function, which is a hallmark in CRS. The main purpose of this review will be to highlight common viruses and their associated binding receptors and highlight pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with alterations in mucociliary clearance, epithelial barrier function, and dysfunctional immune responses that might lead to a further understanding of the pathogenesis of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Volpe
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Joseph Irish
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Sunny Palumbo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Eric Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Jacob Herbert
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Ibrahim Ramadan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Eugene H Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.
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Soliai MM, Kato A, Naughton KA, Norton JE, Klinger AI, Kern RC, Tan BK, Nicolae DL, Schleimer RP, Ober C, Pinto JM. Epigenetic responses to rhinovirus exposure in airway epithelial cells are correlated with key transcriptional pathways in chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy 2023; 78:2698-2711. [PMID: 37571876 PMCID: PMC10614423 DOI: 10.1111/all.15837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viruses may drive immune mechanisms responsible for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. OBJECTIVES To identify epigenetic and transcriptional responses to a common upper respiratory pathogen, rhinovirus (RV), that are specific to patients with CRSwNP using a primary sinonasal epithelial cell culture model. METHODS Airway epithelial cells were collected at surgery from patients with CRSwNP (cases) and from controls without sinus disease, cultured, and then exposed to RV or vehicle for 48 h. Differential gene expression and DNA methylation (DNAm) between cases and controls in response to RV were determined using linear mixed models. Weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify (a) co-regulated gene expression and DNAm signatures, and (b) genes, pathways, and regulatory mechanisms specific to CRSwNP. RESULTS We identified 5585 differential transcriptional and 261 DNAm responses (FDR <0.10) to RV between CRSwNP cases and controls. These differential responses formed three co-expression/co-methylation modules that were related to CRSwNP and three that were related to RV (Bonferroni corrected p < .01). Most (95%) of the differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) were in modules related to CRSwNP, whereas the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were more equally distributed between the CRSwNP- and RV-related modules. Genes in the CRSwNP-related modules were enriched in known CRS and/or viral response immune pathways. CONCLUSION RV activates specific epigenetic programs and correlated transcriptional networks in the sinonasal epithelium of individuals with CRSwNP. These novel observations suggest epigenetic signatures specific to patients with CRSwNP modulate response to viral pathogens at the mucosal environmental interface. Determining how viral response pathways are involved in epithelial inflammation in CRSwNP could lead to therapeutic targets for this burdensome airway disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus M. Soliai
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Naughton
- Department of Human Genetics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - James E. Norton
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Aiko I. Klinger
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Kern
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Bruce K. Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Dan L. Nicolae
- Department of Statistics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Robert P. Schleimer
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Carole Ober
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jayant M. Pinto
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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15
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Ghosh B, Chengala PP, Shah S, Chen D, Karnam V, Wilmsen K, Yeung-Luk B, Sidhaye VK. Cigarette smoke-induced injury induces distinct sex-specific transcriptional signatures in mice tracheal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L467-L476. [PMID: 37605829 PMCID: PMC10639008 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00104.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelial barrier is crucial for defending against respiratory insults and diseases. Disruption of epithelial integrity contributes to respiratory diseases, and sex-specific differences in susceptibility and severity have been observed. However, sex-specific differences in the context of respiratory diseases are often overlooked, especially in murine models. In this study, we investigated the in vitro transcriptomics of male and female murine tracheal epithelial cells (mTECs) in response to chronic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure using an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) puff regimen. Our findings reveal sex-specific differences in the baseline characteristics of airway epithelial cells. Female mTECs demonstrated stronger barrier function and higher ciliary function compared with males. The barrier function was disrupted in both males and females following chronic CS, but the difference was more significant in females due to their higher baseline. Female mice exhibited transcriptional signatures suggesting dedifferentiation with increased basal cells and markers of cellular senescence. Pathway analysis indicated potential protective roles of planar cell polarity (PCP) in preventing dedifferentiation in male mice exposed to CS. We also observed sex-specific differences in the DNA damage response and antioxidant levels, suggesting distinct mechanisms underlying cellular stress. Understanding these sex-specific mechanisms could facilitate the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for lung diseases associated with environmental insults. Recognizing sex-based differences in disease susceptibility and treatment response can lead to personalized care and improved outcomes. Clinical trials should consider sex as a biological variable to develop effective interventions that address the unique differences between men and women in respiratory diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The study underscores the importance of considering sex-specific differences in the airway epithelium in respiratory diseases such as COPD. Differences in gene expression between males and females at baseline and in response to chronic injury in the airway epithelium could have implications on disease susceptibility, both in COPD and other respiratory diseases. Therefore, understanding these differences is crucial for developing targeted therapies to treat respiratory diseases based on a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baishakhi Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Pratulya Pragadaraju Chengala
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Sonya Shah
- Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Daniel Chen
- Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Vaishnavi Karnam
- Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Kai Wilmsen
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Bonnie Yeung-Luk
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Venkataramana K Sidhaye
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Chen Q, Vasse GF, Nwozor KO, Bekker NJ, van den Berge M, Brandsma CA, de Vries M, Heijink IH. FAM13A regulates cellular senescence marker p21 and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L460-L466. [PMID: 37605846 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00141.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of noxious gasses induces oxidative stress in airway epithelial cells (AECs), which may lead to cellular senescence and contribute to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). FAM13A, a well-known COPD susceptibility gene, is highly expressed in airway epithelium. We studied whether its expression is associated with aging and cellular senescence and affects airway epithelial responses to paraquat, a cellular senescence inducer. The association between age and FAM13A expression was investigated in two datasets of human lung tissue and bronchial brushings from current/ex-smokers with/without COPD. Protein levels of FAM13A and cellular senescence marker p21 were investigated using immunohistochemistry in lung tissue from patients with COPD. In vitro, FAM13A and P21 expression was assessed using qPCR in air-liquid-interface (ALI)-differentiated AECs in absence/presence of paraquat. In addition, FAM13A was overexpressed in human bronchial epithelial 16HBE cells and the effect on P21 expression (qPCR) and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (MitoSOX staining) was assessed. Lower FAM13A expression was significantly associated with increasing age in lung tissue and bronchial epithelium. In airway epithelium of patients with COPD, we found a negative correlation between FAM13A and p21 protein levels. In ALI-differentiated AECs, the paraquat-induced decrease in FAM13A expression was accompanied by increased P21 expression. In 16HBE cells, the overexpression of FAM13A significantly reduced paraquat-induced P21 expression and mitochondrial ROS production. Our data suggest that FAM13A expression decreases with aging, resulting in higher P21 expression and mitochondrial ROS production in the airway epithelium, thus facilitating cellular senescence and as such potentially contributing to accelerated lung aging in COPD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the role of the COPD susceptibility gene FAM13A in aging and cellular senescence. We found that FAM13A negatively regulates the expression of the cellular senescence marker P21 and mitochondrial ROS production in the airway epithelium. In this way, the lower expression of FAM13A observed upon aging may facilitate cellular senescence and potentially contribute to accelerated lung aging in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gwenda F Vasse
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kingsley Okechukwu Nwozor
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas J Bekker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike de Vries
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Cumplido-Laso G, Benitez DA, Mulero-Navarro S, Carvajal-Gonzalez JM. Transcriptional Regulation of Airway Epithelial Cell Differentiation: Insights into the Notch Pathway and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14789. [PMID: 37834236 PMCID: PMC10573127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium is a critical component of the respiratory system, serving as a barrier against inhaled pathogens and toxins. It is composed of various cell types, each with specific functions essential to proper airway function. Chronic respiratory diseases can disrupt the cellular composition of the airway epithelium, leading to a decrease in multiciliated cells (MCCs) and an increase in secretory cells (SCs). Basal cells (BCs) have been identified as the primary stem cells in the airway epithelium, capable of self-renewal and differentiation into MCCs and SCs. This review emphasizes the role of transcription factors in the differentiation process from BCs to MCCs and SCs. Recent advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) techniques have provided insights into the cellular composition of the airway epithelium, revealing specialized and rare cell types, including neuroendocrine cells, tuft cells, and ionocytes. Understanding the cellular composition and differentiation processes within the airway epithelium is crucial for developing targeted therapies for respiratory diseases. Additionally, the maintenance of BC populations and the involvement of Notch signaling in BC self-renewal and differentiation are discussed. Further research in these areas could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying airway epithelial homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Cumplido-Laso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (D.A.B.); (S.M.-N.)
| | | | | | - Jose Maria Carvajal-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain; (D.A.B.); (S.M.-N.)
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Barclay AM, Ninaber DK, van Veen S, Hiemstra PS, Ottenhoff THM, van der Does AM, Joosten SA. Airway epithelial cells mount an early response to mycobacterial infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1253037. [PMID: 37822359 PMCID: PMC10562574 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1253037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung epithelial cells represent the first line of host defence against foreign inhaled components, including respiratory pathogens. Their responses to these exposures may direct subsequent immune activation to these pathogens. The epithelial response to mycobacterial infections is not well characterized and may provide clues to why some mycobacterial infections are cleared, while others are persistent and pathogenic. We have utilized an air-liquid interface model of human primary bronchial epithelial cells (ALI-PBEC) to investigate the epithelial response to infection with a variety of mycobacteria: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), M. bovis (BCG), M. avium, and M. smegmatis. Airway epithelial cells were found to be infected by all four species, albeit at low frequencies. The proportion of infected epithelial cells was lowest for Mtb and highest for M. avium. Differential gene expression analysis revealed a common epithelial host response to mycobacteria, including upregulation of BIRC3, S100A8 and DEFB4, and downregulation of BPIFB1 at 48 h post infection. Apical secretions contained predominantly pro-inflammatory cytokines, while basal secretions contained tissue growth factors and chemokines. Finally, we show that neutrophils were attracted to both apical and basal secretions of infected ALI-PBEC. Neutrophils were attracted in high numbers to apical secretions from PBEC infected with all mycobacteria, with the exception of secretions from M. avium-infected ALI-PBEC. Taken together, our results show that airway epithelial cells are differentially infected by mycobacteria, and react rapidly by upregulation of antimicrobials, and increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines which directly attract neutrophils. Thus, the airway epithelium may be an important immunological component in controlling and regulating mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Barclay
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dennis K. Ninaber
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Pieter S. Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne M. van der Does
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Simone A. Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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19
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Woodall M, Tarran R, Lee R, Anfishi H, Prins S, Counsell J, Vergani P, Hart S, Baines D. Expression of gain-of-function CFTR in cystic fibrosis airway cells restores epithelial function better than wild-type or codon-optimized CFTR. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 30:593-605. [PMID: 37701179 PMCID: PMC10494266 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Class Ia/b cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) variants cause severe lung disease in 10% of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and are untreatable with small-molecule pharmaceuticals. Genetic replacement of CFTR offers a cure, but its effectiveness is limited in vivo. We hypothesized that enhancing protein levels (using codon optimization) and/or activity (using gain-of-function variants) of CFTR would more effectively restore function to CF bronchial epithelial cells. Three different variants of the CFTR protein were tested: codon optimized (high codon adaptation index [hCAI]), a gain-of-function (GOF) variant (K978C), and a combination of both (hˆK978C). In human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells, initial results showed that hCAI and hˆK978C produced greater than 10-fold more CFTR protein and displayed ∼4-fold greater activity than wild-type (WT) CFTR. However, functionality was profoundly different in CF bronchial epithelial cells. Here, K978C CFTR more potently restored essential epithelial functions (anion transport, airway surface liquid height, and pH) than WT CFTR. hCAI and hˆK978C CFTRs had limited impact because of mislocalization in the cell. These data provide a proof of principle showing that GOF variants may be more effective than codon-optimized forms of CFTR for CF gene therapy. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian Woodall
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Robert Tarran
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Rhianna Lee
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7248, USA
| | - Hafssa Anfishi
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Stella Prins
- Neuroscience, Physiology, & Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - John Counsell
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Paola Vergani
- Neuroscience, Physiology, & Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Stephen Hart
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Deborah Baines
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London SW17 0RE, UK
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20
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Iannuzo N, Dy ABC, Guerra S, Langlais PR, Ledford JG. The Impact of CC16 on Pulmonary Epithelial-Driven Host Responses during Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection in Mouse Tracheal Epithelial Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1984. [PMID: 37566063 PMCID: PMC10416898 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Club Cell Secretory Protein (CC16) plays many protective roles within the lung; however, the complete biological functions, especially regarding the pulmonary epithelium during infection, remain undefined. We have previously shown that CC16-deficient (CC16-/-) mouse tracheal epithelial cells (MTECs) have enhanced Mp burden compared to CC16-sufficient (WT) MTECs; therefore, in this study, we wanted to further define how the pulmonary epithelium responds to infection in the context of CC16 deficiency. Using mass spectrometry and quantitative proteomics to analyze proteins secreted apically from MTECs grown at an air-liquid interface, we investigated the protective effects that CC16 elicits within the pulmonary epithelium during Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) infection. When challenged with Mp, WT MTECs have an overall reduction in apical protein secretion, whereas CC16-/- MTECs have increased apical protein secretion compared to their unchallenged controls. Following Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) assessment, many of the proteins upregulated from CC16-/- MTECS (unchallenged and during Mp infection) were related to airway remodeling, which were not observed by WT MTECs. These findings suggest that CC16 may be important in providing protection within the pulmonary epithelium during respiratory infection with Mp, which is the major causative agent of community-acquired pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Iannuzo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | | | - Stefano Guerra
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Paul R. Langlais
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Julie G. Ledford
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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21
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Goossens J, Jonckheere AC, Seys SF, Dilissen E, Decaesteker T, Goossens C, Peers K, Vanbelle V, Stappers J, Aertgeerts S, De Wilde B, Leus J, Verelst S, Raes M, Dupont L, Bullens DM. Activation of epithelial and inflammatory pathways in adolescent elite athletes exposed to intense exercise and air pollution. Thorax 2023; 78:775-783. [PMID: 36927754 PMCID: PMC10359548 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Participation in high-intensity exercise in early life might act as stressor to the airway barrier. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of intense exercise and associated exposure to air pollution on the airway barrier in adolescent elite athletes compared with healthy controls and to study exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in this population. METHODS Early-career elite athletes attending 'Flemish-Elite-Sports-Schools' (12-18 years) of 4 different sport disciplines (n=90) and control subjects (n=25) were recruited. Presence of EIB was tested by the eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) test. Markers at mRNA and protein level; RNA-sequencing; carbon load in airway macrophages were studied on induced sputum samples. RESULTS 444 genes were differentially expressed in sputum from athletes compared with controls, which were related to inflammation and epithelial cell damage and sputum samples of athletes contained significantly more carbon loaded airway macrophages compared with controls (24%, 95% CI 20% to 36%, p<0.0004). Athletes had significantly higher substance P (13.3 pg/mL, 95% CI 2.0 to 19.2) and calprotectin (1237 ng/mL, 95% CI 531 to 2490) levels as well as IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α mRNA levels compared with controls (p<0.05). The incidence of EIB in athletes was 9%. The maximal fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (%) after EVH test in athletes was significantly associated with prior PM10 and PM2.5 exposure. CONCLUSION Early-career elite athletes showed increased markers of air pollution exposure, epithelial damage and airway inflammation compared with controls. Acute exposure to increased air pollution PM10 levels was linked to increased airway hyper-reactivity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03587675.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Goossens
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Charlotte Jonckheere
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sven F Seys
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Dilissen
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatjana Decaesteker
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Camille Goossens
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Peers
- Sport Medical Advice Centre, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Sven Aertgeerts
- Academic Centre for General Practitioners, Catholic University, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jasmine Leus
- Pediatric Allergy, AZ Maria Middelares, Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
- Clinical Division of Paediatrics, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Sophie Verelst
- Clinical Division of Paediatrics, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Pediatrics, Jessa Hospital Campus Virga Jesse, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Marc Raes
- Clinical Division of Paediatrics, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Pediatrics, Jessa Hospital Campus Virga Jesse, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Lieven Dupont
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique M Bullens
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Division of Paediatrics, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
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22
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Guo TJF, Singhera GK, Leung JM, Dorscheid DR. Airway Epithelial-Derived Immune Mediators in COVID-19. Viruses 2023; 15:1655. [PMID: 37631998 PMCID: PMC10458661 DOI: 10.3390/v15081655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium, which lines the conducting airways, is central to the defense of the lungs against inhaled particulate matter and pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Recognition of pathogens results in the activation of an innate and intermediate immune response which involves the release of cytokines and chemokines by the airway epithelium. This response can inhibit further viral invasion and influence adaptive immunity. However, severe COVID-19 is characterized by a hyper-inflammatory response which can give rise to clinical presentations including lung injury and lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, viral pneumonia, coagulopathy, and multi-system organ failure. In response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, the airway epithelium can mount a maladaptive immune response which can delay viral clearance, perpetuate excessive inflammation, and contribute to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. In this article, we will review the barrier and immune functions of the airway epithelium, how SARS-CoV-2 can interact with the epithelium, and epithelial-derived cytokines and chemokines and their roles in COVID-19 and as biomarkers. Finally, we will discuss these immune mediators and their potential as therapeutic targets in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J. F. Guo
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Gurpreet K. Singhera
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Janice M. Leung
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Delbert R. Dorscheid
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
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23
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Salvato I, Ricciardi L, Dal Col J, Nigro A, Giurato G, Memoli D, Sellitto A, Lamparelli EP, Crescenzi MA, Vitale M, Vatrella A, Nucera F, Brun P, Caicci F, Dama P, Stiff T, Castellano L, Idrees S, Johansen MD, Faiz A, Wark PA, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Caramori G, Stellato C. Expression of targets of the RNA-binding protein AUF-1 in human airway epithelium indicates its role in cellular senescence and inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192028. [PMID: 37483631 PMCID: PMC10360199 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The RNA-binding protein AU-rich-element factor-1 (AUF-1) participates to posttranscriptional regulation of genes involved in inflammation and cellular senescence, two pathogenic mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Decreased AUF-1 expression was described in bronchiolar epithelium of COPD patients versus controls and in vitro cytokine- and cigarette smoke-challenged human airway epithelial cells, prompting the identification of epithelial AUF-1-targeted transcripts and function, and investigation on the mechanism of its loss. Results RNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (RIP-Seq) identified, in the human airway epithelial cell line BEAS-2B, 494 AUF-1-bound mRNAs enriched in their 3'-untranslated regions for a Guanine-Cytosine (GC)-rich binding motif. AUF-1 association with selected transcripts and with a synthetic GC-rich motif were validated by biotin pulldown. AUF-1-targets' steady-state levels were equally affected by partial or near-total AUF-1 loss induced by cytomix (TNFα/IL1β/IFNγ/10 nM each) and siRNA, respectively, with differential transcript decay rates. Cytomix-mediated decrease in AUF-1 levels in BEAS-2B and primary human small-airways epithelium (HSAEC) was replicated by treatment with the senescence- inducer compound etoposide and associated with readouts of cell-cycle arrest, increase in lysosomal damage and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, and with AUF-1 transfer in extracellular vesicles, detected by transmission electron microscopy and immunoblotting. Extensive in-silico and genome ontology analysis found, consistent with AUF-1 functions, enriched RIP-Seq-derived AUF-1-targets in COPD-related pathways involved in inflammation, senescence, gene regulation and also in the public SASP proteome atlas; AUF-1 target signature was also significantly represented in multiple transcriptomic COPD databases generated from primary HSAEC, from lung tissue and from single-cell RNA-sequencing, displaying a predominant downregulation of expression. Discussion Loss of intracellular AUF-1 may alter posttranscriptional regulation of targets particularly relevant for protection of genomic integrity and gene regulation, thus concurring to airway epithelial inflammatory responses related to oxidative stress and accelerated aging. Exosomal-associated AUF-1 may in turn preserve bound RNA targets and sustain their function, participating to spreading of inflammation and senescence to neighbouring cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Salvato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Imaging (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Ricciardi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Imaging (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Jessica Dal Col
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Annunziata Nigro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Domenico Memoli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Assunta Sellitto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Erwin Pavel Lamparelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Crescenzi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Monica Vitale
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Nucera
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Imaging (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Paola Dama
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Stiff
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Leandro Castellano
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Sobia Idrees
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matt D. Johansen
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alen Faiz
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter A. Wark
- Immune Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Immune Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Imaging (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Tapak M, Sadeghi S, Ghazanfari T, Mosaffa N. Chemical exposure and alveolar macrophages responses: 'the role of pulmonary defense mechanism in inhalation injuries'. BMJ Open Respir Res 2023; 10:e001589. [PMID: 37479504 PMCID: PMC10364189 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies have indicated an association between particulate matter (PM) exposure and acute and chronic pulmonary inflammation, which may be registered as increased mortality and morbidity. Despite the increasing evidence, the pathophysiology mechanism of these PMs is still not fully characterised. Pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs), as a predominant cell in the lung, play a critically important role in these pathological mechanisms. Toxin exposure triggers events associated with macrophage activation, including oxidative stress, acute damage, tissue disruption, remodelling and fibrosis. Targeting macrophage may potentially be employed to treat these types of lung inflammation without affecting the natural immune response to bacterial infections. Biological toxins, their sources of exposure, physical and other properties, and their effects on the individuals are summarised in this article. Inhaled particulates from air pollution and toxic gases containing chemicals can interact with alveolar epithelial cells and immune cells in the airways. PAMs can sense ambient pollutants and be stimulated, triggering cellular signalling pathways. These cells are highly adaptable and can change their function and phenotype in response to inhaled agents. PAMs also have the ability to polarise and undergo plasticity in response to tissue damage, while maintaining resistance to exposure to inhaled agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Tapak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Alinasab Hospital, Labratory Department, Iranian Social Security Organization (ISSO), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somaye Sadeghi
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Ghazanfari
- Immunoregulation Research Centre, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Mosaffa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Memon TA, Sun L, Almestica-Roberts M, Deering-Rice CE, Moos PJ, Reilly CA. Inhibition of TRPA1, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Human Airway Epithelial Cell Damage, and Ectopic MUC5AC Expression by Vasaka ( Adhatoda vasica; Malabar Nut) Tea. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:890. [PMID: 37375837 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested whether a medicinal plant, Vasaka, typically consumed as a tea to treat respiratory malaise, could protect airway epithelial cells (AECs) from wood smoke particle-induced damage and prevent pathological mucus production. Wood/biomass smoke is a pneumotoxic air pollutant. Mucus normally protects the airways, but excessive production can obstruct airflow and cause respiratory distress. Vasaka tea pre- and co-treatment dose-dependently inhibited mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) mRNA induction by AECs treated with wood smoke particles. This correlated with transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) inhibition, an attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and AEC damage/death. Induction of mRNA for anterior gradient 2, an ER chaperone/disulfide isomerase required for MUC5AC production, and TRP vanilloid-3, a gene that suppresses ER stress and wood smoke particle-induced cell death, was also attenuated. Variable inhibition of TRPA1, ER stress, and MUC5AC mRNA induction was observed using selected chemicals identified in Vasaka tea including vasicine, vasicinone, apigenin, vitexin, isovitexin, isoorientin, 9-oxoODE, and 9,10-EpOME. Apigenin and 9,10-EpOME were the most cytoprotective and mucosuppressive. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA was also induced by Vasaka tea and wood smoke particles. Inhibition of CYP1A1 enhanced ER stress and MUC5AC mRNA expression, suggesting a possible role in producing protective oxylipins in stressed cells. The results provide mechanistic insights and support for the purported benefits of Vasaka tea in treating lung inflammatory conditions, raising the possibility of further development as a preventative and/or restorative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosifa A Memon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Lili Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Marysol Almestica-Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Cassandra E Deering-Rice
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Center for Human Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Philip J Moos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Christopher A Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Center for Human Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Murphy RC, Lai Y, Liu M, Al-Shaikhly T, Altman MC, Altemeier WA, Frevert CW, Debley JS, Piliponsky AM, Ziegler SF, Gharib SA, Hallstrand TS. Distinct Epithelial-Innate Immune Cell Transcriptional Circuits Underlie Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:1565-1575. [PMID: 37212596 PMCID: PMC10273121 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202209-1707oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Indirect airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a highly specific feature of asthma, but the underlying mechanisms responsible for driving indirect AHR remain incompletely understood. Objectives: To identify differences in gene expression in epithelial brushings obtained from individuals with asthma who were characterized for indirect AHR in the form of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). Methods: RNA-sequencing analysis was performed on epithelial brushings obtained from individuals with asthma with EIB (n = 11) and without EIB (n = 9). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the groups were correlated with measures of airway physiology, sputum inflammatory markers, and airway wall immunopathology. On the basis of these relationships, we examined the effects of primary airway epithelial cells (AECs) and specific epithelial cell-derived cytokines on both mast cells (MCs) and eosinophils (EOS). Measurements and Main Results: We identified 120 DEGs in individuals with and without EIB. Network analyses suggested critical roles for IL-33-, IL-18-, and IFN-γ-related signaling among these DEGs. IL1RL1 expression was positively correlated with the density of MCs in the epithelial compartment, and IL1RL1, IL18R1, and IFNG were positively correlated with the density of intraepithelial EOS. Subsequent ex vivo modeling demonstrated that AECs promote sustained type 2 (T2) inflammation in MCs and enhance IL-33-induced T2 gene expression. Furthermore, EOS increase the expression of IFNG and IL13 in response to both IL-18 and IL-33 as well as exposure to AECs. Conclusions: Circuits involving epithelial interactions with MCs and EOS are closely associated with indirect AHR. Ex vivo modeling indicates that epithelial-dependent regulation of these innate cells may be critical in indirect AHR and modulating T2 and non-T2 inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Murphy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep
- Center for Lung Biology
| | - Ying Lai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep
- Center for Lung Biology
| | - Matthew Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep
- Center for Lung Biology
| | - Taha Al-Shaikhly
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
- Center for Lung Biology
| | - Matthew C. Altman
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Jason S. Debley
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adrian M. Piliponsky
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Steven F. Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sina A. Gharib
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep
- Center for Lung Biology
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Dreyer HHM, van Tuyll van Serooskerken ES, Rodenburg LW, Bittermann AJN, Arets HGM, Reuling EMBP, Verweij JW, Haarman EG, van der Zee DC, Tytgat SHAJ, van der Ent CK, Beekman JM, Amatngalim GD, Lindeboom MYA. Airway Epithelial Cultures of Children with Esophageal Atresia as a Model to Study Respiratory Tract Disorders. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:1020. [PMID: 37371252 DOI: 10.3390/children10061020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal atresia (EA) is a rare birth defect in which respiratory tract disorders are a major cause of morbidity. It remains unclear whether respiratory tract disorders are in part caused by alterations in airway epithelial cell functions such as the activity of motile cilia. This can be studied using airway epithelial cell culture models of patients with EA. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility to culture and functionally characterize motile cilia function in the differentiated air-liquid interface cultured airway epithelial cells and 3D organoids derived from nasal brushings and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from children with EA. We demonstrate the feasibility of culturing differentiated airway epithelia and organoids of nasal brushings and BAL fluid of children with EA, which display normal motile cilia function. EA patient-derived airway epithelial cultures can be further used to examine whether alterations in epithelial functions contribute to respiratory disorders in EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette H M Dreyer
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lisa W Rodenburg
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold J N Bittermann
- Pediatric Upper Gastrointestinal and Airway Treatment Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatric Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hubertus G M Arets
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Pediatric Upper Gastrointestinal and Airway Treatment Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen M B P Reuling
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Pediatric Upper Gastrointestinal and Airway Treatment Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes W Verweij
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Pediatric Upper Gastrointestinal and Airway Treatment Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric G Haarman
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David C van der Zee
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Pediatric Upper Gastrointestinal and Airway Treatment Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefaan H A J Tytgat
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Pediatric Upper Gastrointestinal and Airway Treatment Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M Beekman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gimano D Amatngalim
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maud Y A Lindeboom
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Pediatric Upper Gastrointestinal and Airway Treatment Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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28
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Murphy RC, Lai Y, Altman MC, Barrow KA, Dill-McFarland KA, Liu M, Hamerman JA, Lacy-Hulbert A, Piliponsky AM, Ziegler SF, Altemeier WA, Debley JS, Gharib SA, Hallstrand TS. Rhinovirus infection of the airway epithelium enhances mast cell immune responses via epithelial-derived interferons. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:1484-1493. [PMID: 36708815 PMCID: PMC10257743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells (MCs) within the airway epithelium in asthma are closely related to airway dysfunction, but cross talk between airway epithelial cells (AECs) and MCs in asthma remains incompletely understood. Human rhinovirus (RV) infections are key triggers for asthma progression, and AECs from individuals with asthma may have dysregulated antiviral responses. OBJECTIVE We utilized primary AECs in an ex vivo coculture model system to examine cross talk between AECs and MCs after epithelial rhinovirus infection. METHODS Primary AECs were obtained from 11 children with asthma and 10 healthy children, differentiated at air-liquid interface, and cultured in the presence of laboratory of allergic diseases 2 (LAD2) MCs. AECs were infected with rhinovirus serogroup A 16 (RV16) for 48 hours. RNA isolated from both AECs and MCs underwent RNA sequencing. Direct effects of epithelial-derived interferons on LAD2 MCs were examined by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS MCs increased expression of proinflammatory and antiviral genes in AECs. AECs demonstrated a robust antiviral response after RV16 infection that resulted in significant changes in MC gene expression, including upregulation of genes involved in antiviral responses, leukocyte activation, and type 2 inflammation. Subsequent ex vivo modeling demonstrated that IFN-β induces MC type 2 gene expression. The effects of AEC donor phenotype were small relative to the effects of viral infection and the presence of MCs. CONCLUSIONS There is significant cross talk between AECs and MCs, which are present in the epithelium in asthma. Epithelial-derived interferons not only play a role in viral suppression but also further alter MC immune responses including specific type 2 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Murphy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
| | - Ying Lai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Matthew C Altman
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Kaitlyn A Barrow
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle, Wash; Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | | | - Matthew Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | | | | | - Adrian M Piliponsky
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | | | - William A Altemeier
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Jason S Debley
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle, Wash; Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Teal S Hallstrand
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
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29
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Ling KM, Stick SM, Kicic A. Pulmonary bacteriophage and cystic fibrosis airway mucus: friends or foes? Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1088494. [PMID: 37265479 PMCID: PMC10230084 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1088494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For those born with cystic fibrosis (CF), hyper-concentrated mucus with a dysfunctional structure significantly impacts CF airways, providing a perfect environment for bacterial colonization and subsequent chronic infection. Early treatment with antibiotics limits the prevalence of bacterial pathogens but permanently alters the CF airway microenvironment, resulting in antibiotic resistance and other long-term consequences. With little investment into new traditional antibiotics, safe and effective alternative therapeutic options are urgently needed. One gathering significant traction is bacteriophage (phage) therapy. However, little is known about which phages are effective for respiratory infections, the dynamics involved between phage(s) and the host airway, and associated by-products, including mucus. Work utilizing gut cell models suggest that phages adhere to mucus components, reducing microbial colonization and providing non-host-derived immune protection. Thus, phages retained in the CF mucus layer result from the positive selection that enables them to remain in the mucus layer. Phages bind weakly to mucus components, slowing down the diffusion motion and increasing their chance of encountering bacterial species for subsequent infection. Adherence of phage to mucus could also facilitate phage enrichment and persistence within the microenvironment, resulting in a potent phage phenotype or vice versa. However, how the CF microenvironment responds to phage and impacts phage functionality remains unknown. This review discusses CF associated lung diseases, the impact of CF mucus, and chronic bacterial infection. It then discusses the therapeutic potential of phages, their dynamic relationship with mucus and whether this may enhance or hinder airway bacterial infections in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kak-Ming Ling
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen Michael Stick
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Occupation, Environment and Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia
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30
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Myszor IT, Gudmundsson GH. Modulation of innate immunity in airway epithelium for host-directed therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197908. [PMID: 37251385 PMCID: PMC10213533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity of the mucosal surfaces provides the first-line defense from invading pathogens and pollutants conferring protection from the external environment. Innate immune system of the airway epithelium consists of several components including the mucus layer, mucociliary clearance of beating cilia, production of host defense peptides, epithelial barrier integrity provided by tight and adherens junctions, pathogen recognition receptors, receptors for chemokines and cytokines, production of reactive oxygen species, and autophagy. Therefore, multiple components interplay with each other for efficient protection from pathogens that still can subvert host innate immune defenses. Hence, the modulation of innate immune responses with different inducers to boost host endogenous front-line defenses in the lung epithelium to fend off pathogens and to enhance epithelial innate immune responses in the immunocompromised individuals is of interest for host-directed therapy. Herein, we reviewed possibilities of modulation innate immune responses in the airway epithelium for host-directed therapy presenting an alternative approach to standard antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona T. Myszor
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Hrafn Gudmundsson
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Cavard A, Redman E, Mercey O, Abelanet S, Plaisant M, Arguel MJ, Magnone V, García SR, Rios G, Deprez M, Lebrigand K, Ponzio G, Caballero I, Barbry P, Zaragosi LE, Marcet B. The MIR34B/C genomic region contains multiple potential regulators of multiciliogenesis. FEBS Lett 2023. [PMID: 37102425 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The MIR449 genomic locus encompasses several regulators of multiciliated cell formation (multiciliogenesis). The miR-449 homologues miR-34b/c represent additional regulators of multiciliogenesis that are transcribed from another locus. Here, we characterized the expression of BTG4, LAYN and HOATZ, located in the MIR34B/C locus using single-cell RNA-seq and super-resolution microscopy from human, mouse or pig multiciliogenesis models. BTG4, LAYN and HOATZ transcripts were expressed in both precursors and mature multiciliated cells. The Layilin/LAYN protein was absent from primary cilia, but it was expressed in apical membrane regions or throughout motile cilia. LAYN silencing altered apical actin cap formation and multiciliogenesis. HOATZ protein was detected in primary cilia or throughout motile cilia. Altogether, our data suggest that the MIR34B/C locus may gather potential actors of multiciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Cavard
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Elisa Redman
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Olivier Mercey
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Abelanet
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Magali Plaisant
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | | | | | | | - Géraldine Rios
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Marie Deprez
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Kévin Lebrigand
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Gilles Ponzio
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | | | - Pascal Barbry
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | | | - Brice Marcet
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Sophia-Antipolis, France
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32
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Vladar EK, Kunimoto K, Rojas-Hernandez LS, Spano JM, Sellers ZM, Joo NS, Cooney RA, Axelrod JD, Milla CE. Notch signaling inactivation by small molecule gamma-secretase inhibitors restores the multiciliated cell population in the airway epithelium. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L771-L782. [PMID: 37039381 PMCID: PMC10202488 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00382.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiciliated cell loss is a hallmark of airway epithelial remodeling in chronic inflammatory airway diseases including cystic fibrosis (CF), asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It disrupts mucociliary clearance, which fuels disease progression. Effective clearance requires an optimal proportion of multiciliated and secretory cells. This is controlled by Notch signaling such that between two adjacent cells the one that activates Notch becomes a secretory cell and the one that avoids Notch activation becomes a multiciliated cell. Consequently, blocking Notch by a small molecule inhibitor of the gamma-secretase enzyme that cleaves the Notch receptor for signal activation directs differentiation towards the multiciliated lineage. Thus, gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) treatment may alleviate multiciliated cell loss in lung disease. Here we demonstrate therapeutic restoration of multiciliated cells by the GSI LY450139 (semagacestat). LY450139 increased multiciliated cell numbers in a dose-dependent manner in healthy primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) during differentiation and in mature cultures, but not when applied during early epithelialization of progenitors. LY450139 did not impact stem cell proliferation. Basal and apical administration were equally effective. In healthy adult mice, LY450139 increased multiciliated cell numbers without detectible toxicity. LY450139 also increased multiciliated cells and decreased excess mucus secretory cells in CF HNECs and IL-13 remodeled healthy HNECs. LY450139 normalized multiciliated cell numbers in CF HNECs without interfering with the activity of CFTR modulator compounds. In sum, we demonstrate that GSI administration is a promising therapeutic to restore multiciliated cells and potentially improve epithelial function in a wide range of chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter K Vladar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Koshi Kunimoto
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Laura S Rojas-Hernandez
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Jacquelyn M Spano
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Zachary M Sellers
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Nam Soo Joo
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Riley A Cooney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Axelrod
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Carlos E Milla
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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33
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Rehman T, Welsh MJ. Inflammation as a Regulator of the Airway Surface Liquid pH in Cystic Fibrosis. Cells 2023; 12:1104. [PMID: 37190013 PMCID: PMC10137218 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway surface liquid (ASL) is a thin sheet of fluid that covers the luminal aspect of the airway epithelium. The ASL is a site of several first-line host defenses, and its composition is a key factor that determines respiratory fitness. Specifically, the acid-base balance of ASL has a major influence on the vital respiratory defense processes of mucociliary clearance and antimicrobial peptide activity against inhaled pathogens. In the inherited disorder cystic fibrosis (CF), loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel function reduces HCO3- secretion, lowers the pH of ASL (pHASL), and impairs host defenses. These abnormalities initiate a pathologic process whose hallmarks are chronic infection, inflammation, mucus obstruction, and bronchiectasis. Inflammation is particularly relevant as it develops early in CF and persists despite highly effective CFTR modulator therapy. Recent studies show that inflammation may alter HCO3- and H+ secretion across the airway epithelia and thus regulate pHASL. Moreover, inflammation may enhance the restoration of CFTR channel function in CF epithelia exposed to clinically approved modulators. This review focuses on the complex relationships between acid-base secretion, airway inflammation, pHASL regulation, and therapeutic responses to CFTR modulators. These factors have important implications for defining optimal ways of tackling CF airway inflammation in the post-modulator era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyab Rehman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael J. Welsh
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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34
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Li X, Lai Y, Lane Z, Strollo H, Tanimura K, Sembrat JC, Zou C, Myerburg MM, Rojas M, Shapiro S, Jiang Y, Nyunoya T. Cigarette smoking is a secondary cause of folliculin loss. Thorax 2023; 78:402-408. [PMID: 35301243 PMCID: PMC9612398 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD) is a clinical syndrome manifesting with cystic lung disease and pneumothorax. Features of BHD result from the loss-of-function mutations of the folliculin (FLCN) gene. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterised by an irreversible airflow limitation, is primarily caused by cigarette smoking. OBJECTIVE Given that COPD often shares structural features with BHD, we investigated the link between COPD, cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and FLCN expression. METHODS We measured the expression of FLCN in human COPD lungs and CS-exposed mouse lungs, as well as in CS extract (CSE)-exposed immortalised human airway epithelial cells by immunoblotting. RESULTS We found that the lung FLCN protein levels in smokers with COPD and CS exposure mice exhibit a marked decrease compared with smokers without COPD and room air exposure mice, respectively. We confirmed CS induced degradation of FLCN in immortalised human bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells via ubiquitin proteasome system. Further, siRNA targeting FLCN enhanced CSE-induced cytotoxicity. By contrast, FLCN overexpression protected cells from CSE-induced cytotoxicity. We found that FBXO23, the ubiquitin E3 ligase subunit, specifically binds to and targets FLCN for degradation. Inhibition of ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) attenuated CSE induced FLCN degradation, suggesting a role of ATM in FLCN proteolysis. We further confirmed that the mutant of major FLCN phosphorylation site serine 62A is resistant to CSE-induced degradation and cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that CS exposure is a secondary cause of FLCN deficiency due to the enhanced proteolysis, which promoted airway epithelial cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Li
- Medicine, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System University Drive Division, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yandong Lai
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zachary Lane
- Medicine, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System University Drive Division, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hilary Strollo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kazuya Tanimura
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John C Sembrat
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chunbin Zou
- Medicine, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System University Drive Division, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael M Myerburg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven Shapiro
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu Jiang
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Toru Nyunoya
- Medicine, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System University Drive Division, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Faiz A, Pavlidis S, Kuo CH, Rowe A, Hiemstra PS, Timens W, Berg M, Wisman M, Guo YK, Djukanović R, Sterk P, Meyer KB, Nawijn MC, Adcock I, Chung KF, van den Berge M. Th2 high and mast cell gene signatures are associated with corticosteroid sensitivity in COPD. Thorax 2023; 78:335-343. [PMID: 36598042 PMCID: PMC10086461 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2021-217736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) share common pathophysiological traits such as relative corticosteroid insensitivity. We recently published three transcriptome-associated clusters (TACs) using hierarchical analysis of the sputum transcriptome in asthmatics from the Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes (U-BIOPRED) cohort comprising one Th2-high inflammatory signature (TAC1) and two Th2-low signatures (TAC2 and TAC3). OBJECTIVE We examined whether gene expression signatures obtained in asthma can be used to identify the subgroup of patients with COPD with steroid sensitivity. METHODS Using gene set variation analysis, we examined the distribution and enrichment scores (ES) of the 3 TACs in the transcriptome of bronchial biopsies from 46 patients who participated in the Groningen Leiden Universities Corticosteroids in Obstructive Lung Disease COPD study that received 30 months of treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) with and without an added long-acting β-agonist (LABA). The identified signatures were then associated with longitudinal clinical variables after treatment. Differential gene expression and cellular convolution were used to define key regulated genes and cell types. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Bronchial biopsies in patients with COPD at baseline showed a wide range of expression of the 3 TAC signatures. After ICS±LABA treatment, the ES of TAC1 was significantly reduced at 30 months, but those of TAC2 and TAC3 were unaffected. A corticosteroid-sensitive TAC1 signature was developed from the TAC1 ICS-responsive genes. This signature consisted of mast cell-specific genes identified by single-cell RNA-sequencing and positively correlated with bronchial biopsy mast cell numbers following ICS±LABA. Baseline levels of gene transcription correlated with the change in RV/TLC %predicted following 30-month ICS±LABA. CONCLUSION Sputum-derived transcriptomic signatures from an asthma cohort can be recapitulated in bronchial biopsies of patients with COPD and identified a signature of airway mast cells as a predictor of corticosteroid responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alen Faiz
- Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
- Pulmonary Diseases, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- GRAIC, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stelios Pavlidis
- Department of Computing and Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Chih-Hsi Kuo
- Department of Computing and Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Airways Disease, Respiratory Cell & Molecular Biology, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony Rowe
- Discovery IT, Janssen Research and Development LLC, High Wycombe, UK
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- GRAIC, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn Berg
- GRAIC, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marissa Wisman
- GRAIC, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yi-Ke Guo
- Department of Computing and Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ratko Djukanović
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Southampton University Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter Sterk
- Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC-Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin B Meyer
- Gene expression genomics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Martijn C Nawijn
- GRAIC, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Adcock
- Department of Computing and Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Airways Disease, Respiratory Cell & Molecular Biology, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Department of Computing and Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Airways Disease, Respiratory Cell & Molecular Biology, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- Pulmonary Diseases, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- GRAIC, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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36
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Reedy JL, Crossen AJ, Ward RA, Reardon CM, Harding HB, Basham KJ, Rajagopal J, Vyas JM. Cross-kingdom anti-inflammatory effects of fungal melanin on airway epithelium by post-translational blockade of chemokine secretion. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.28.534632. [PMID: 37034634 PMCID: PMC10081279 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.28.534632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory infections caused by the human fungal pathogens, Aspergillus fumigatus and Cryptococcus neoformans, are a major cause of mortality for immunocompromised patients. Exposure to these pathogens occurs through inhalation, although the role of the respiratory epithelium in disease pathogenesis has not been defined. Employing a primary human airway epithelial model, we demonstrate that fungal melanins potently block the post-translational secretion of CXCL1 and CXCL8 independent of transcription or the requirement of melanin to be phagocytosed, leading to a significant reduction of neutrophils to the apical airway both in vitro and in vivo. Aspergillus-derived melanin, a major constituent of the fungal cell wall, has far-reaching effects, dampening airway epithelial chemokine production in response to fungi, bacteria, and exogenous cytokines. Taken together, our results reveal a critical role for melanin interaction with airway epithelium in shaping the host response to fungal and bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Reedy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Arianne J. Crossen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Ward
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Christopher M. Reardon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hannah Brown Harding
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kyle J. Basham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jayaraj Rajagopal
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jatin M. Vyas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Calvert BA, Quiroz EJ, Lorenzana Z, Doan N, Kim S, Senger CN, Anders JJ, Wallace WD, Salomon MP, Henley J, Ryan AL. Neutrophilic inflammation promotes SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and augments the inflammatory responses in airway epithelial cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112870. [PMID: 37006263 PMCID: PMC10061003 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In response to viral infection, neutrophils release inflammatory mediators as part of the innate immune response, contributing to pathogen clearance through virus internalization and killing. Pre- existing co-morbidities correlating to incidence to severe COVID-19 are associated with chronic airway neutrophilia. Furthermore, examination of COVID-19 explanted lung tissue revealed a series of epithelial pathologies associated with the infiltration and activation of neutrophils, indicating neutrophil activity in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods To determine the impact of neutrophil-epithelial interactions on the infectivity and inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we developed a co-culture model of airway neutrophilia. This model was infected with live SARS-CoV-2 virus the epithelial response to infection was evaluated. Results SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway epithelium alone does not result in a notable pro-inflammatory response from the epithelium. The addition of neutrophils induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines and stimulates a significantly augmented proinflammatory response subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The resulting inflammatory responses are polarized with differential release from the apical and basolateral side of the epithelium. Additionally, the integrity of the \epithelial barrier is impaired with notable epithelial damage and infection of basal stem cells. Conclusions This study reveals a key role for neutrophil-epithelial interactions in determining inflammation and infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A. Calvert
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - Erik J. Quiroz
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zareeb Lorenzana
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ngan Doan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Seongjae Kim
- The Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christiana N. Senger
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Anders
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - Wiliam D. Wallace
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Matthew P. Salomon
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jill Henley
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amy L. Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Zou XL, Yang HL, Ding WW, Li HK, Zhou YQ, Zhang TT. Down-expression of Foxj1 on airway epithelium with impaired cilia architecture in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis implies disease severity. Clin Respir J 2023; 17:405-413. [PMID: 36929635 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pathogenesis of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis has not been clearly clarified. This study aimed to investigate the expression of ciliary regulating protein forkhead box protein j1 (Foxj1) on airway epithelium in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and its association with airway cilia structure disorder and disease severity. METHODS Lung tissue sections excised from 47 patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis were included between January 2018 and June 2021. Specimens from 26 subjects who underwent a lobectomy due to lung nodule were chosen as controls. Clinical information was collected, and pathologic analysis was performed to assess the epithelial structure and expression of ciliary regulating Foxj1. RESULTS Of the 47 patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, 25 were considered as mild, 12 were moderate whereas the remaining 10 cases were severe according to the bronchiectasis severity index score evaluation. Epithelial hyperplasia, hyperplasia of goblet cells and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, compared with control subjects. Cilia length in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients were shorter than that in the control group, (5.34 ± 0.89) μm versus (7.34 ± 0.71) μm, respectively (P = 0.002). The expression of Foxj1 was (2.69 ± 1.09) × 106 in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, compared with (6.67 ± 1.15) × 106 in the control group (P = 0.001). Moreover, patients with lower expression of Foxj1 showed shorter airway cilia and worse in disease severity. CONCLUSION Foxj1 declined in the airway epithelium of patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, positively correlated to cilia length and might imply worse disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Zou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Ling Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Wen Ding
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Ke Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qi Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Tuo Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Prescott RA, Pankow AP, de Vries M, Crosse K, Patel RS, Alu M, Loomis C, Torres V, Koralov S, Ivanova E, Dittmann M, Rosenberg BR. A comparative study of in vitro air-liquid interface culture models of the human airway epithelium evaluating cellular heterogeneity and gene expression at single cell resolution. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.27.530299. [PMID: 36909601 PMCID: PMC10002689 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.27.530299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The airway epithelium is composed of diverse cell types with specialized functions that mediate homeostasis and protect against respiratory pathogens. Human airway epithelial cultures at air-liquid interface (HAE) are a physiologically relevant in vitro model of this heterogeneous tissue, enabling numerous studies of airway disease 1â€"7 . HAE cultures are classically derived from primary epithelial cells, the relatively limited passage capacity of which can limit experimental methods and study designs. BCi-NS1.1, a previously described and widely used basal cell line engineered to express hTERT, exhibits extended passage lifespan while retaining capacity for differentiation to HAE 5 . However, gene expression and innate immune function in HAE derived from BCi-NS1.1 versus primary cells have not been fully characterized. Here, combining single cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq), immunohistochemistry, and functional experimentation, we confirm at high resolution that BCi-NS1.1 and primary HAE cultures are largely similar in morphology, cell type composition, and overall transcriptional patterns. While we observed cell-type specific expression differences of several interferon stimulated genes in BCi-NS1.1 HAE cultures, we did not observe significant differences in susceptibility to infection with influenza A virus and Staphylococcus aureus . Taken together, our results further support BCi-NS1.1-derived HAE cultures as a valuable tool for the study of airway infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alec P. Pankow
- Department of Microbiology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Maren de Vries
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Keaton Crosse
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Roosheel S. Patel
- Department of Microbiology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Mark Alu
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Cynthia Loomis
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Victor Torres
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Sergei Koralov
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Ellie Ivanova
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Meike Dittmann
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Brad R. Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
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Kim MD, Chung S, Baumlin N, Sun L, Silswal N, Dennis JS, Yoshida M, Sabater J, Horrigan FT, Salathe M. E-cigarette aerosols of propylene glycol impair BK channel activity and parameters of mucociliary function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L468-L479. [PMID: 36809074 PMCID: PMC10042605 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00157.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Propylene glycol (PG) is a common delivery vehicle for nicotine and flavorings in e-cigarette (e-cig) liquids and is largely considered safe for ingestion. However, little is known about its effects as an e-cig aerosol on the airway. Here, we investigated whether pure PG e-cig aerosols in realistic daily amounts impact parameters of mucociliary function and airway inflammation in a large animal model (sheep) in vivo and primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) in vitro. Five-day exposure of sheep to e-cig aerosols of 100% PG increased mucus concentrations (% mucus solids) of tracheal secretions. PG e-cig aerosols further increased the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in tracheal secretions. In vitro exposure of HBECs to e-cig aerosols of 100% PG decreased ciliary beating and increased mucus concentrations. PG e-cig aerosols further reduced the activity of large conductance, Ca2+-activated, and voltage-dependent K+ (BK) channels. We show here for the first time that PG can be metabolized to methylglyoxal (MGO) in airway epithelia. PG e-cig aerosols increased levels of MGO and MGO alone reduced BK activity. Patch clamp experiments suggest that MGO can disrupt the interaction between the major pore-forming BK subunit human Slo1 (hSlo1) and the gamma regulatory subunit LRRC26. PG exposures also caused a significant increase in mRNA expression levels of MMP9 and interleukin 1 beta (IL1B). Taken together, these data show that PG e-cig aerosols cause mucus hyperconcentration in sheep in vivo and HBECs in vitro, likely by disrupting the function of BK channels important for airway hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Samuel Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Nathalie Baumlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Neerupma Silswal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - John S Dennis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Makoto Yoshida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Juan Sabater
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center (Miami Beach, Florida, United States), Miami, FL, United States
| | - Frank T Horrigan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Matthias Salathe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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Singh S, Dutta J, Ray A, Karmakar A, Mabalirajan U. Airway Epithelium: A Neglected but Crucial Cell Type in Asthma Pathobiology. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040808. [PMID: 36832296 PMCID: PMC9955099 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The features of allergic asthma are believed to be mediated mostly through the Th2 immune response. In this Th2-dominant concept, the airway epithelium is presented as the helpless victim of Th2 cytokines. However, this Th2-dominant concept is inadequate to fill some of the vital knowledge gaps in asthma pathogenesis, like the poor correlation between airway inflammation and airway remodeling and severe asthma endotypes, including Th2-low asthma, therapy resistance, etc. Since the discovery of type 2 innate lymphoid cells in 2010, asthma researchers started believing in that the airway epithelium played a crucial role, as alarmins, which are the inducers of ILC2, are almost exclusively secreted by the airway epithelium. This underscores the eminence of airway epithelium in asthma pathogenesis. However, the airway epithelium has a bipartite functionality in sustaining healthy lung homeostasis and asthmatic lungs. On the one hand, the airway epithelium maintains lung homeostasis against environmental irritants/pollutants with the aid of its various armamentaria, including its chemosensory apparatus and detoxification system. Alternatively, it induces an ILC2-mediated type 2 immune response through alarmins to amplify the inflammatory response. However, the available evidence indicates that restoring epithelial health may attenuate asthmatic features. Thus, we conjecture that an epithelium-driven concept in asthma pathogenesis could fill most of the gaps in current asthma knowledge, and the incorporation of epithelial-protective agents to enhance the robustness of the epithelial barrier and the combative capacity of the airway epithelium against exogenous irritants/allergens may mitigate asthma incidence and severity, resulting in better asthma control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabita Singh
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Joytri Dutta
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Archita Ray
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atmaja Karmakar
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
- Molecular Pathobiology of Respiratory Diseases, Cell Biology and Physiology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Correspondence:
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Brislinger-Engelhardt MM, Lorenz F, Haas M, Bowden S, Tasca A, Kreutz C, Walentek P. Temporal Notch signaling regulates mucociliary cell fates through Hes-mediated competitive de-repression. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.15.528675. [PMID: 36824900 PMCID: PMC9949065 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Tissue functions are determined by the types and ratios of cells present, but little is known about self-organizing principles establishing correct cell type compositions. Mucociliary airway clearance relies on the correct balance between secretory and ciliated cells, which is regulated by Notch signaling across mucociliary systems. Using the airway-like Xenopus epidermis, we investigate how cell fates depend on signaling, how signaling levels are controlled, and how Hes transcription factors regulate cell fates. We show that four mucociliary cell types each require different Notch levels and that their specification is initiated sequentially by a temporal Notch gradient. We describe a novel role for Foxi1 in the generation of Delta-expressing multipotent progenitors through Hes7.1. Hes7.1 is a weak repressor of mucociliary genes and overcomes maternal repression by the strong repressor Hes2 to initiate mucociliary development. Increasing Notch signaling then inhibits Hes7.1 and activates first Hes4, then Hes5.10, which selectively repress cell fates. We have uncovered a self-organizing mechanism of mucociliary cell type composition by competitive de-repression of cell fates by a set of differentially acting repressors. Furthermore, we present an in silico model of this process with predictive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Maria Brislinger-Engelhardt
- Department of Medicine IV, University Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- SGBM Spemann Graduate School for Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19A, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Lorenz
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- IMBI Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Institute of Medicine and Medical Center Freiburg, Stefan-Meier Strasse 26, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Haas
- Department of Medicine IV, University Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- SGBM Spemann Graduate School for Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19A, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Bowden
- Department of Medicine IV, University Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- IMPRS-IEM International Max Planck Research School of Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexia Tasca
- Department of Medicine IV, University Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Kreutz
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- IMBI Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Institute of Medicine and Medical Center Freiburg, Stefan-Meier Strasse 26, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Walentek
- Department of Medicine IV, University Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- SGBM Spemann Graduate School for Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19A, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- IMPRS-IEM International Max Planck Research School of Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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Yuan L, Liu H, Du X, Yao Y, Qin L, Xia Z, Zhou K, Wu X, Yuan Y, Qing B, Xiang Y, Qu X, Qin X, Yang M, Liu C. Airway epithelial ITGB4 deficiency induces airway remodeling in a mouse model. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:431-446.e16. [PMID: 36243221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway epithelial cells (AECs) with impaired barrier function contribute to airway remodeling through the activation of epithelial-mesenchymal trophic units (EMTUs). Although the decreased expression of ITGB4 in AECs is implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, how ITGB4 deficiency impacts airway remodeling remains obscure. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the effect of epithelial ITGB4 deficiency on the barrier function of AECs, asthma susceptibility, airway remodeling, and EMTU activation. METHODS AEC-specific ITGB4 conditional knockout mice (ITGB4-/-) were generated and an asthma model was employed by the sensitization and challenge of house dust mite (HDM). EMTU activation-related growth factors were examined in ITGB4-silenced primary human bronchial epithelial cells of healthy subjects after HDM stimulation. Dexamethasone, the inhibitors of JNK phosphorylation or FGF2 were administered for the identification of the molecular mechanisms of airway remodeling in HDM-exposed ITGB4-/- mice. RESULTS ITGB4 deficiency in AECs enhanced asthma susceptibility and airway remodeling by disrupting airway epithelial barrier function. Aggravated airway remodeling in HDM-exposed ITGB4-/- mice was induced through the enhanced activation of EMTU mediated by Src homology domain 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2/c-Jun N-terminal kinase/Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent transcription factor/FGF2 (SHP2/JNK/c-Jun/FGF2) signaling pathway, which was partially independent of airway inflammation. Both JNK and FGF2 inhibitors significantly inhibited the aggravated airway remodeling and EMTU activation in HDM-exposed ITGB4-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Airway epithelial ITGB4 deficiency induces airway remodeling in a mouse model of asthma through enhanced EMTU activation that is regulated by the SHP2/JNK/c-Jun/FGF2 pathway.
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Pathinayake PS, Awatade NT, Wark PAB. Type 2 Immunity and Its Impact on COVID-19 Infection in the Airways. Viruses 2023; 15:402. [PMID: 36851616 PMCID: PMC9967553 DOI: 10.3390/v15020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 immune responses are characterized by elevated type 2 cytokines and blood eosinophilia. Emerging evidence suggests that people with chronic type 2 inflammatory lung diseases are not particularly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Intriguingly, recent in vitro, ex vivo research demonstrates type 2 cytokines, particularly IL-13, reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the airway epithelium. IL-13 treatment in airway epithelial cells followed by SARS-CoV-2 diminished viral entry, replication, spread, and cell death. IL-13 reduces the expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in the airway epithelium and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), particularly in ciliated cells. It also alters the cellular composition toward a secretory-cell-rich phenotype reducing total ciliated cells and, thus, reducing viral tropism. IL-13 enhances Muc5ac mucin and glycocalyx secretion in the periciliary layer, which acts as a physical barrier to restrict virus attachment. Moreover, type 2 airway immune cells, such as M2 alveolar macrophages, CD4+ tissue-resident memory T cells, and innate lymphoid 2 cells, may also rescue type 2 airways from SARS-CoV-2-induced adverse effects. In this review, we discuss recent findings that demonstrate how type 2 immunity alters immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and its consequences on COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabuddha S. Pathinayake
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle and Immune Health Program Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Nikhil T. Awatade
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle and Immune Health Program Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Peter A. B. Wark
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle and Immune Health Program Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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Yu F, Liu F, Liang X, Duan L, Li Q, Pan G, Ma C, Liu M, Li M, Wang P, Zhao X. iPSC-Derived Airway Epithelial Cells: Progress, Promise, and Challenges. Stem Cells 2023; 41:1-10. [PMID: 36190736 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from somatic cell sources are pluripotent and capable of indefinite expansion in vitro. They provide an unlimited source of cells that can be differentiated into lung progenitor cells for potential clinical use in pulmonary regenerative medicine. This review gives a comprehensive overview of recent progress toward the use of iPSCs to generate proximal and distal airway epithelial cells and mix lung organoids. Furthermore, their potential applications and future challenges for the field are discussed, with a focus on the technological hurdles that must be cleared before stem cell therapeutics can be used for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenggang Yu
- Life Sciences Institute, Yinfeng Biological Group, Ltd., Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Life Sciences Institute, Yinfeng Biological Group, Ltd., Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Life Sciences Institute, Yinfeng Biological Group, Ltd., Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Linwei Duan
- Life Sciences Institute, Yinfeng Biological Group, Ltd., Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongqiong Li
- Life Sciences Institute, Yinfeng Biological Group, Ltd., Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Pan
- Life Sciences Institute, Yinfeng Biological Group, Ltd., Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyao Ma
- Life Sciences Institute, Yinfeng Biological Group, Ltd., Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Liu
- Life Sciences Institute, Yinfeng Biological Group, Ltd., Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Yinfeng Biological Group, Ltd., Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Guangxi Yinfeng Stem Cell Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Yufeng, Liuzhou, Guangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuening Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Mao Y, Patial S, Saini Y. Airway epithelial cell-specific deletion of HMGB1 exaggerates inflammatory responses in mice with muco-obstructive airway disease. Front Immunol 2023; 13:944772. [PMID: 36741411 PMCID: PMC9892197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.944772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a ubiquitous chromatin-binding protein required for gene transcription regulation, is released into the extracellular microenvironment by various structural and immune cells, where it is known to act as an alarmin. Here, we investigated the role of airway epithelium-specific HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of muco-obstructive lung disease in Scnn1b-transgenic (Tg+) mouse, a model of human cystic fibrosis (CF)-like lung disease. We hypothesized that airway epithelium-derived HMGB1 modulates muco-inflammatory lung responses in the Tg+ mice. The airway epithelium-specific HMGB1-deficient mice were generated and the effects of HMGB1 deletion on immune cell recruitment, airway epithelial cell composition, mucous cell metaplasia, and bacterial clearance were determined. The airway epithelium-specific deletion of HMGB1 in wild-type (WT) mice did not result in any morphological alterations in the airway epithelium. The deficiency of HMGB1 in airway epithelial cells in the Tg+ mice, however, resulted in significantly increased infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils which was associated with significantly higher levels of inflammatory mediators, including G-CSF, KC, MIP-2, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, IP-10, and TNF-α in the airspaces. Furthermore, as compared to the HMGB1-sufficient Tg+ mice, the airway epithelial cell-specific HMGB1-deficient Tg+ mice exhibited poor resolution of spontaneous bacterial infection. The HMGB1 deficiency in the airway epithelial cells of Tg+ mice did not alter airway epithelial cell-specific responses including epithelial cell proliferation, mucous cell metaplasia, and mucus obstruction. Collectively, our findings provide novel insights into the role of airway epithelial cell-derived HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of CF-like lung disease in Tg+ mice.
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Dissanayake E, Brockman-Schneider RA, Stubbendieck RM, Helling BA, Zhang Z, Bochkov YA, Kirkham C, Murphy TF, Ober C, Currie CR, Gern JE. Rhinovirus increases Moraxella catarrhalis adhesion to the respiratory epithelium. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1060748. [PMID: 36733852 PMCID: PMC9886879 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1060748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus causes many types of respiratory illnesses, ranging from minor colds to exacerbations of asthma. Moraxella catarrhalis is an opportunistic pathogen that is increased in abundance during rhinovirus illnesses and asthma exacerbations and is associated with increased severity of illness through mechanisms that are ill-defined. We used a co-infection model of human airway epithelium differentiated at the air-liquid interface to test the hypothesis that rhinovirus infection promotes M. catarrhalis adhesion and survival on the respiratory epithelium. Initial experiments showed that infection with M. catarrhalis alone did not damage the epithelium or induce cytokine production, but increased trans-epithelial electrical resistance, indicative of increased barrier function. In a co-infection model, infection with the more virulent rhinovirus-A and rhinovirus-C, but not the less virulent rhinovirus-B types, increased cell-associated M. catarrhalis. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that M. catarrhalis adhered to rhinovirus-infected ciliated epithelial cells and infected cells being extruded from the epithelium. Rhinovirus induced pronounced changes in gene expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, M. catarrhalis caused minimal effects and did not enhance RV-induced responses. Our results indicate that rhinovirus-A or C infection increases M. catarrhalis survival and cell association while M. catarrhalis infection alone does not cause cytopathology or epithelial inflammation. Our findings suggest that rhinovirus and M. catarrhalis co-infection could promote epithelial damage and more severe illness by amplifying leukocyte inflammatory responses at the epithelial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eishika Dissanayake
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Reed M. Stubbendieck
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Britney A. Helling
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zhumin Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yury A. Bochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Charmaine Kirkham
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Timothy F. Murphy
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Cameron R. Currie
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, David Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James E. Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Baumlin N, Silswal N, Dennis JS, Niloy AJ, Kim MD, Salathe M. Nebulized Menthol Impairs Mucociliary Clearance via TRPM8 and MUC5AC/MUC5B in Primary Airway Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1694. [PMID: 36675209 PMCID: PMC9865048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavorings enhance the palatability of e-cigarettes (e-cigs), with menthol remaining a popular choice among e-cig users. Menthol flavor remains one of the only flavors approved by the United States FDA for use in commercially available, pod-based e-cigs. However, the safety of inhaled menthol at the high concentrations used in e-cigs remains unclear. Here, we tested the effects of menthol on parameters of mucociliary clearance (MCC) in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of primary airway epithelial cells. ALI cultures treated with basolateral menthol (1 mM) showed a significant decrease in ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and airway surface liquid (ASL) volumes after 24 h. Menthol nebulized onto the surface of ALI cultures similarly reduced CBF and increased mucus concentrations, resulting in decreased rates of mucociliary transport. Nebulized menthol further increased the expression of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) and mRNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL1B and TNFA. Menthol activated TRPM8, and the effects of menthol on MCC and inflammation could be blocked by a specific TRPM8 antagonist. These data provide further evidence that menthol at the concentrations used in e-cigs could cause harm to the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthias Salathe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Tan W, Lin J, Wang Y, Yan L, Ying L, Dai J, Fu Z, Liu J. Vitamin A-regulated ciliated cells promote airway epithelium repair in an asthma mouse model. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2023; 51:116-25. [PMID: 36617830 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v51i1.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease that causes damage to and exfoliation of the airway epithelium. The continuous damage to the airway epithelium in asthma cannot be repaired quickly and generates irreversible damage, repeated attacks, and aggravation. Vitamin A (VA) has multifarious biological functions that include maintaining membrane stability and integrity of the structure and function of epithelial cells. Our research explored the role of VA in repairing the airway epithelium and provided a novel treatment strategy for asthma. METHODS A mouse asthma model was established by house dust mite (HDM) and treated with VA by gavage. Human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells were treated with HDM and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in vitro. We analyzed the mRNA and protein expression of characteristic markers, such as acetyl-α-tubulin (Ac-TUB) and FOXJ1 in ciliated cells and MUC5AC in secretory cells, mucus secretion, airway inflammation, the morphology of cilia, and the integrity of the airway epithelium. RESULTS Findings showed destruction of airway epithelial integrity, damaged cilia, high mucus secretion, increased MUC5AC expression, and decreased Ac-TUB and FOXJ1 expression in asthmatic mice. The VA intervention reversed the effect on Ac-TUB and FOXJ1 and promoted ciliated cells to repair the damage and maintain airway epithelial integrity. In 16HBE cells, we could confirm that ATRA promoted the expression of Ac-TUB and FOXJ1. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that VA-regulated ciliated cells to repair the damaged airway epithelium caused by asthma and maintain airway epithelial integrity. VA intervention is a potential adjunct to conventional treatment for asthma.
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Meng Y, Lin S, Niu K, Ma Z, Lin H, Fan H. Vimentin affects inflammation and neutrophil recruitment in airway epithelium during Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection. Vet Res 2023; 54:7. [PMID: 36717839 PMCID: PMC9885403 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) frequently colonizes the swine upper respiratory tract and can cause Streptococcal disease in swine with clinical manifestations of pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia. Previously, we have shown that vimentin, a kind of intermediate filament protein, is involved in the penetration of SS2 through the tracheal epithelial barrier. The initiation of invasive disease is closely related to SS2-induced excessive local inflammation; however, the role of vimentin in airway epithelial inflammation remains unclear. Here, we show that vimentin deficient mice exhibit attenuated lung injury, diminished production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the IL-8 homolog, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), and substantially reduced neutrophils in the lungs following intranasal infection with SS2. We also found that swine tracheal epithelial cells (STEC) without vimentin show decreased transcription of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8. SS2 infection caused reassembly of vimentin in STEC, and pharmacological disruption of vimentin filaments prevented the transcription of those proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, deficiency of vimentin failed to increase the transcription of nucleotide oligomerization domain protein 2 (NOD2), which is known to interact with vimentin, and the phosphorylation of NF-κB protein p65. This study provides insights into how vimentin promotes excessive airway inflammation, thereby exacerbating airway injury and SS2-induced systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaojie Lin
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Niu
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixing Lin
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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