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Safa BN, Fraticelli Guzmán NS, Li G, Stamer WD, Feola AJ, Ethier CR. A Histomorphometric and Computational Investigation of the Stabilizing Role of Pectinate Ligaments in the Aqueous Outflow Pathway. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:081011. [PMID: 38529724 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Murine models are commonly used to study glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Glaucoma is associated with elevated intra-ocular pressure (IOP), which is regulated by the tissues of the aqueous outflow pathway. In particular, pectinate ligaments (PLs) connect the iris and trabecular meshwork (TM) at the anterior chamber angle, with an unknown role in maintenance of the biomechanical stability of the aqueous outflow pathway, thus motivating this study. We conducted histomorphometric analysis and optical coherence tomography-based finite element (FE) modeling on three cohorts of C57BL/6 mice: "young" (2-6 months), "middle-aged" (11-16 months), and "elderly" (25-32 months). We evaluated the age-specific morphology of the outflow pathway tissues. Further, because of the known pressure-dependent Schlemm's canal (SC) narrowing, we assessed the dependence of the SC lumen area on varying IOPs in age-specific FE models over a physiological range of TM/PL stiffness values. We found age-dependent changes in morphology of outflow tissues; notably, the PLs were more developed in older mice compared to younger ones. In addition, FE modeling demonstrated that murine SC patency is highly dependent on the presence of PLs and that increased IOP caused SC collapse only with sufficiently low TM/PL stiffness values. Moreover, the elderly model showed more susceptibility to SC collapse compared to the younger models. In conclusion, our study elucidated the previously unexplored role of PLs in the aqueous outflow pathway, indicating their function in supporting TM and SC under elevated IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak N Safa
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Nina Sara Fraticelli Guzmán
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318; Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Guorong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705
- Duke University
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705
- Duke University
| | - Andrew J Feola
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332; Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322; Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affair Healthcare System, Decatur, GA 30033
- Emory University
| | - C Ross Ethier
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318; Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332
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2
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Stewart KM, Klute GK, Neptune RR. Influence of Walking Over Unexpected Uneven Terrain on Joint Loading for Individuals With Transtibial Amputation. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:081009. [PMID: 38470376 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with transtibial amputation (TTA) experience asymmetric lower-limb loading which can lead to joint pain and injuries. However, it is unclear how walking over unexpected uneven terrain affects their loading patterns. This study sought to use modeling and simulation to determine how peak joint contact forces and impulses change for individuals with unilateral TTA during an uneven step and subsequent recovery step and how those patterns compare to able-bodied individuals. We expected residual limb loading during the uneven step and intact limb loading during the recovery step would increase relative to flush walking. Further, individuals with TTA would experience larger loading increases compared to able-bodied individuals. Simulations of individuals with TTA showed during the uneven step, changes in joint loading occurred at all joints except the prosthetic ankle relative to flush walking. During the recovery step, intact limb joint loading increased in early stance relative to flush walking. Simulations of able-bodied individuals showed large increases in ankle joint loading for both surface conditions. Overall, increases in early stance knee joint loading were larger for those with TTA compared to able-bodied individuals during both steps. These results suggest that individuals with TTA experience altered joint loading patterns when stepping on uneven terrain. Future work should investigate whether an adapting ankle-foot prosthesis can mitigate these changes to reduce injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Stewart
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX 78712-1591
- The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Glenn K Klute
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, MS-151, Seattle, WA 98118;Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 3900 East Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Richard R Neptune
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, TX 78712-1591
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Witt NJ, Woessner AE, Herrmann J, Quinn KP, Sander EA. Mechanical Models of Collagen Networks for Understanding Changes in the Failure Properties of Aging Skin. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:071002. [PMID: 38183223 PMCID: PMC10983714 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Skin undergoes mechanical alterations due to changes in the composition and structure of the collagenous dermis with aging. Previous studies have conflicting findings, with both increased and decreased stiffness reported for aging skin. The underlying structure-function relationships that drive age-related changes are complex and difficult to study individually. One potential contributor to these variations is the accumulation of nonenzymatic crosslinks within collagen fibers, which affect dermal collagen remodeling and mechanical properties. Specifically, these crosslinks make individual fibers stiffer in their plastic loading region and lead to increased fragmentation of the collagenous network. To better understand the influence of these changes, we investigated the impact of nonenzymatic crosslink changes on the dermal microstructure using discrete fiber networks representative of the dermal microstructure. Our findings suggest that stiffening the plastic region of collagen's mechanical response has minimal effects on network-level stiffness and failure stresses. Conversely, simulating fragmentation through a loss of connectivity substantially reduces network stiffness and failure stress, while increasing stretch ratios at failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Witt
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240
| | - Alan E. Woessner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Jacob Herrmann
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Kyle P. Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Edward A. Sander
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, 5629 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA 52242; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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4
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Quirk DA, Chung J, Applegate M, Cherin JM, Dalton DM, Awad LN, Walsh CJ. Evaluating adaptiveness of an active back exosuit for dynamic lifting and maximum range of motion. Ergonomics 2024; 67:660-673. [PMID: 37482538 PMCID: PMC10803634 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2240044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Back exosuits deliver mechanical assistance to reduce the risk of back injury, however, minimising restriction is critical for adoption. We developed the adaptive impedance controller to minimise restriction while maintaining assistance by modulating impedance based on the user's movement direction and nonlinear sine curves. The objective of this study was to compare active assistance, delivered by a back exosuit via our adaptive impedance controller, to three levels of assistance from passive elastics. Fifteen participants completed five experimental blocks (4 exosuits and 1 no-suit) consisting of a maximum flexion and a constrained lifting task. While a higher stiffness elastic reduced back extensor muscle activity by 13%, it restricted maximum range of motion (RoM) by 13°. The adaptive impedance approach did not restrict RoM while reducing back extensor muscle activity by 15%, when lifting. This study highlights an adaptive impedance approach might improve usability by circumventing the assistance-restriction trade-off inherent to passive approaches.Practitioner summary: This study demonstrates a soft active exosuit that delivers assistance with an adaptive impedance approach can provide reductions in overall back muscle activity without the impacts of restricted range of motion or perception of restriction and discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Adam Quirk
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Jinwon Chung
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Megan Applegate
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Jason M Cherin
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Diane M. Dalton
- College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Lou N. Awad
- College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Conor J. Walsh
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA
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Yoganandan N, Choi H, Purushothaman Y, Vedantam A, Harinathan B, Banerjee A. Comparison of Load-Sharing Responses Between Graded Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy and Conventional Fusion Using Finite Element Modeling. J Eng Sci Med Diagn Ther 2024; 7:021006. [PMID: 37860789 PMCID: PMC10583278 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Following the diagnosis of unilateral cervical radiculopathy and need for surgical intervention, anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (conventional fusion) and posterior cervical foraminotomy are common options. Although patient outcomes may be similar between the two procedures, their biomechanical effects have not been fully compared using a head-to-head approach, particularly, in relation to the amount of facet resection and internal load-sharing between spinal segments and components. The objective of this investigation was to compare load-sharing between conventional fusion and graded foraminotomy facet resections under physiological loading. A validated finite element model of the cervical spinal column was used in the study. The intact spine was modified to simulate the two procedures at the C5-C6 spinal segment. Flexion, extension, and lateral bending loads were applied to the intact, graded foraminotomy, and conventional fusion spines. Load-sharing was determined using range of motion data at the C5-C6 and immediate adjacent segments, facet loads at the three segments, and disk pressures at the adjacent segments. Results were normalized with respect to the intact spine to compare surgical options. Conventional fusion leads to increased motion, pressure, and facet loads at adjacent segments. Foraminotomy leads to increased motion and anterior loading at the index level, and motions decrease at adjacent levels. In extension, the left facet load decreases after foraminotomy. Recognizing that foraminotomy is a motion preserving alternative to conventional fusion, this study highlights various intrinsic biomechanical factors and potential instability issues with more than one-half facet resection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoon Choi
- Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL 33331
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Hernaiz-García M, Zanolli C, Martín-Francés L, Mazurier A, Benazzi S, Sarig R, Fu J, Kullmer O, Fiorenza L. Masticatory habits of the adult Neanderthal individual BD 1 from La Chaise-de-Vouthon (France). Am J Biol Anthropol 2024; 184:e24926. [PMID: 38420653 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The analysis of dental wear provides a useful approach for dietary and cultural habit reconstructions of past human populations. The analysis of macrowear patterns can also be used to better understand the individual chewing behavior and to investigate the biomechanical responses during different biting scenarios. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diet and chewing performance of the adult Neanderthal Bourgeois-Delaunay 1 (BD 1) and to investigate the relationship between wear and cementum deposition under mechanical demands. MATERIALS AND METHODS The macrowear pattern of BD 1 was analyzed using the occlusal fingerprint analysis method. We propose a new method for the bilateral measurement of the cementum volume along both buccal and lingual sides of the molar root. RESULTS BD 1's anterior dentition is more affected by wear compared to the posterior one. The macrowear pattern suggest a normal chewing behavior and a mixed-diet coming from temperate environments. The teeth on the left side of the mandible display greater levels of wear, as well as the buccal side of the molar crowns. The cementum analysis shows higher buccal volume along the molar roots. DISCUSSION BD1 could have been preferably chewing on the left side of the mandible. The exploitation of various food resources suggested by the macrowear analysis is compatible with the environmental reconstructions. Finally, the greater wear on the buccal side of the molar occlusal surface and the greater volume of cementum in that side of the molar roots offers a preliminary understanding about the potential correlation between dental wear and cementum deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Hernaiz-García
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Laura Martín-Francés
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paleobiology, CENIEH, Burgos, Spain
| | - Arnaud Mazurier
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers-IC2MP, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Rachel Sarig
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ottmar Kullmer
- Division of Palaeoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Palaeobiology and Environment, Institute of Ecology, Evolution, and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Luca Fiorenza
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Lorente AI, Maza-Peón S, Hidalgo-García C, López-de-Celis C, Rodríguez-Sanz J, Pérez-Bellmunt A, Maza-Frechín M. Skull fractures by glass bottles tested on cadaveric heads. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:1165-1171. [PMID: 38112757 PMCID: PMC11003884 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Head trauma is frequently related to the misuse of drinking vessels as weapons. Forensic reports usually evaluate these blunt injuries as having occurred in scenarios where the alcohol intake is high. Fatal consequences are seen in blows with glass bottles aiming at the head. To prove the outcome that a glass bottle thrown to the head could cause, three intact human cadaver heads were impacted with 1-liter glass bottles at 9.5 m/s using a drop-tower. The impact location covered the left temporal bone, sphenoid bone, and zygomatic arch. The contact between the head and the bottle was produced at an angle of 90° with (1) the valve of the bottle, (2) the bottom of the bottle, and (3) with the head rotated 20° in the frontal plane touching again with the bottom of the bottle. The three bottles remained intact after the impact, and the injury outcomes were determined by computed tomography (CT). The alterations were highly dependent on the impact orientation. The outcome varied from no injury to severe bone fractures. In the most injurious case (#3), fractures were identified in the cranial base, sphenoid bone, and zygomatic bone. These testing conditions were selected to replicate one specific legal case, as required by the plaintiff. Physical disputes with bar glassware can lead to complex combinations of blunt and sharp-force injuries. Controlled biomechanical studies can benefit forensic analyses of violence involving glassware by providing a better understanding of the underlying injury mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Lorente
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Center for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia, 4040 Lewis and Clark Drive, Charlottesville, VA, 22911, USA.
| | - Samuel Maza-Peón
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - César Hidalgo-García
- Researching Unit of Physiotherapy, University of Zaragoza, c/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos López-de-Celis
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Actium Functional Anatomy Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, C/Josep Trueta, s/n, 08195, Sant Cugat del Valles (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Actium Functional Anatomy Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, C/Josep Trueta, s/n, 08195, Sant Cugat del Valles (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Albert Pérez-Bellmunt
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Actium Functional Anatomy Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, C/Josep Trueta, s/n, 08195, Sant Cugat del Valles (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Mario Maza-Frechín
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
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Johnson-Ransom E, Li F, Xu X, Ramos R, Midzuk AJ, Thon U, Atkins-Weltman K, Snively E. Comparative cranial biomechanics reveal that Late Cretaceous tyrannosaurids exerted relatively greater bite force than in early-diverging tyrannosauroids. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:1897-1917. [PMID: 37772730 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Tyrannosaurus has been an exemplar organism in feeding biomechanical analyses. An adult Tyrannosaurus could exert a bone-splintering bite force, through expanded jaw muscles and a robust skull and teeth. While feeding function of adult Tyrannosaurus has been thoroughly studied, such analyses have yet to expand to other tyrannosauroids, especially early-diverging tyrannosauroids (Dilong, Proceratosaurus, and Yutyrannus). In our analysis, we broadly assessed the cranial and feeding performance of tyrannosauroids at varying body sizes. Our sample size included small (Proceratosaurus and Dilong), medium-sized (Teratophoneus), and large (Tarbosaurus, Daspletosaurus, Gorgosaurus, and Yutyrannus) tyrannosauroids, and incorporation of tyrannosaurines at different ontogenetic stages (small juvenile Tarbosaurus, Raptorex, and mid-sized juvenile Tyrannosaurus). We used jaw muscle force calculations and finite element analysis to comprehend the cranial performance of our tyrannosauroids. Scaled subtemporal fenestrae areas and calculated jaw muscle forces show that broad-skulled tyrannosaurines (Tyrannosaurus, Daspletosaurus, juvenile Tyrannosaurus, and Raptorex) exhibited higher jaw muscle forces than other similarly sized tyrannosauroids (Gorgosaurus, Yutyrannus, and Proceratosaurus). The large proceratosaurid Yutyrannus exhibited lower cranial stress than most adult tyrannosaurids. This suggests that cranial structural adaptations of large tyrannosaurids maintained adequate safety factors at greater bite force, but their robust crania did not notably decrease bone stress. Similarly, juvenile tyrannosaurines experienced greater cranial stress than similarly-sized earlier tyrannosauroids, consistent with greater adductor muscle forces in the juveniles, and with crania no more robust than in their small adult predecessors. As adult tyrannosauroid body size increased, so too did relative jaw muscle forces manifested even in juveniles of giant adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Johnson-Ransom
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Tianjin Natural History Museum, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Centre for Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Raul Ramos
- Illustration Department, Rocky Mountain College of Art and Design, Lakewood, Colorado, USA
| | - Adam J Midzuk
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ulrike Thon
- Informatik Department, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kyle Atkins-Weltman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Eric Snively
- Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine-Cherokee Nation, Tahlequah, Oklahoma, USA
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Wee H, Spence Reid J, Lewis GS. Finite element modeling of fracture compression by compression plates. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:1123-1133. [PMID: 38053299 PMCID: PMC11009078 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic compression plating is a common type of fracture fixation used to compress between bone fragments. The quality of compression across the fracture is important for postoperative stability and primary bone healing. Compression quality may be affected by surgical variations in plate prebend, screw location, screw torque, fracture gap, and implant material. Computational modeling provides a tool for systematically examining these factors, and for visualizing the mechanisms involved. The purpose of this study was to develop a finite element model of dynamic compression plating that includes screw insertion under torque control, establish model credibility through sensitivity analyses and experimental validation, and use the model to examine the effects of surgical variables on fracture compression and postoperative stability. Model-predicted compressive pressures had good agreement with corresponding synthetic bones experiments under a variety of conditions. Models demonstrated that introducing a 1.5 or 3 mm plate prebend (using a 4.5 mm narrow LCP plate) eliminated gapping at the far cortex, which is consistent with clinical recommendations. However, models also revealed that plate prebend led to sharp decreases in fracture compressive force, exceeding 80% in some cases. A 1.5 mm plate prebend resulted in the most uniform pressures across the fracture. Testing of a simplified model form used in previous computational modeling studies showed large inaccuracies for constructs with plate prebend. This study provides the first experimentally validated computational models of dynamic compression plate fracture fixation, and reveals important effects of plate prebend and fracture gap on fracture compression quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwabok Wee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Spence Reid
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory S Lewis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Mukherjee D, Lai V, Huang Z, Singh A. The BIORES-21 Survey: Insights Into Remote and Online Education in Biomechanics and Mechanobiology. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:051006. [PMID: 38376449 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated mainstream adoption of online and remote learning approaches, which were highly advantageous yet challenging in many ways. The online modality, while teaching biomedical engineering-related topics in the areas of biomechanics, mechanobiology, and biomedical sciences, further added to the complexity faced by the faculty and students. Both the benefits and the challenges have not been explored systematically by juxtaposing experiences and reflections of both the faculty and students. Motivated by this need, we designed and conducted a systematic survey named BIORES-21, targeted toward the broader bio-engineering community. Survey responses and our inferences from survey findings cumulatively offer insight into the role of employed teaching/learning technology and challenges associated with student engagement. Survey data also provided insights on what worked and what did not, potential avenues to address some underlying challenges, and key beneficial aspects such as integration of technology and their role in improving remote teaching/learning experiences. Overall, the data presented summarize the key benefits and challenges of online learning that emerged from the experiences during the pandemic, which is valuable for the continuation of online learning techniques as in-person education operations resumed broadly across institutions, and some form of online learning seems likely to sustain and grow in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Mukherjee
- Paul M Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0427
| | - Victor Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota - Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812
| | - Zhongping Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA 19383-0001
| | - Anita Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Widener University, Philadelphia, PA 19122
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Valença-Filipe R, Mendes J, Pereira F, Vardasca R, Amarante J, Costa-Ferreira A. Physical properties of Scarpa's fascia. Clin Anat 2024; 37:397-404. [PMID: 37377018 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Preservation of Scarpa's fascia has improved clinical outcomes in abdominoplasty procedures and in other body contour surgeries. However, the physical properties of Scarpa's fascia have not yet been described, and grafts are still underexplored. Fresh surgical specimens from five female patients subjected to classical abdominoplasty were dissected and analyzed. A grid was drawn on the fascia surface, dividing it into equal upper and lower halves; four Scarpa's fascia samples (30 × 10 mm) were collected from each half, 40 mm apart. The thickness was measured with a caliper. A strain/stress universal testing machine was used for mechanical tests. Twenty-five samples were obtained (nine from the upper half, 16 from the lower). The average thickness was 0.56 ± 0.11 mm. The average values for stretch, stress, strain, and Young's Modulus were, respectively, 1.436, 4.198 MPa, 43.6%, and 23.14 MPa. The upper half showed significantly greater thickness and strain values (p = 0.020 and p = 0.048; Student's t-test). The physical and biomechanical properties of Scarpa's fascia can make it a donor area for fascial grafts as an alternative to fascia lata, as it is always available and has minimal donor-site morbidity. Further studies are needed to validate this statement. It seems advantageous to use the lower half of the abdomen instead of the upper part as a donor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Valença-Filipe
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Plastic Surgery Division, FMR Clinic - Aesthetic Surgery, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Mendes
- LABIOMEP, INEGI-LAETA, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ricardo Vardasca
- LABIOMEP, INEGI-LAETA, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ISLA-Santarém, Santarém, Portugal
| | - José Amarante
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LABIOMEP, INEGI-LAETA, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, São João University Hospital, Porto, Portugal
- Emeritus Professor, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Costa-Ferreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, São João University Hospital, Porto, Portugal
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Burger D, Vidondo B, Gerber V, Deillon D, Müller A, Scheidegger M, Käser R, Ramseyer A. High-level competition exercise and related fatigue are associated with stride and jumping characteristics in eventing horses. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:631-641. [PMID: 37694590 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue and related injuries to the musculoskeletal system are among the most frequent reasons for the withdrawal of high-level eventing horses from the sport. The safety of both horse and rider is very important, and early detection of fatigue is crucial. OBJECTIVES To investigate elite eventing horses in competitive events focusing on biomechanical, cardiovascular and metabolic variables across the cross-country test and to identify their potential associations with fatigue. STUDY DESIGN Prospective observational exploratory field study. METHODS Observations on 54 cross-country tests of 33 horses at five competitive, high-level events were evaluated using sternal accelerometric analysis of stride parameters between and at the jumps. Blood lactate concentration and heart rate were determined 10 min after finishing. The differences in kinematic parameters between the course start and end were analysed with mixed models for repeated measures. Associations between blood lactate and heart rate recovery with the kinematic variables were quantified with Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS We observed numerous stride characteristics between the jumps and the jumps changing over time during the courses. Blood lactate concentrations were positively correlated with the mean maximal strike power at the jumps in the last minute of the course (r = 0.41; p < 0.001), and the latter was negatively correlated with the mean stride height over the jumps (r = -0.41; p = 0.003). MAIN LIMITATIONS The sample contained horses of varying breeds, sexes and ages, and different horses participated in different events. CONCLUSIONS We identified several kinematic changes during a cross-country test depending on event, speed and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Burger
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, University of Bern, Avenches, Switzerland
| | - Beatriz Vidondo
- Veterinary Public Health Institute, University of Bern, Liebefeld, Switzerland
| | - Vinzenz Gerber
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, University of Bern, Avenches, Switzerland
| | | | - Antonia Müller
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, University of Bern, Avenches, Switzerland
| | - Milena Scheidegger
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, University of Bern, Avenches, Switzerland
| | - Rebekka Käser
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, University of Bern, Avenches, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Ramseyer
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, University of Bern, Avenches, Switzerland
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Padhye AA, Meardon SA, Kulas A, Willson J. Lower extremity joint contact force symmetry during walking and running, 2-7 years post-ACL reconstruction. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:1009-1019. [PMID: 38044474 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Premature osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is common among athletes. Reduced knee contact forces after ACLR likely contribute to the multifactorial etiology of the disease. Whether this reduction is accompanied by compensatory increases in joint contact forces (JCF) at adjacent or contralateral joints is unclear. It is also unclear if compensatory effects depend on the task demands. Thus, we compared hip, knee, and ankle JCF symmetry between individuals with reconstruction and a matched control group during walking and running. Thirty participants (19 females), 2-7 years post-unilateral ACLR (mean = 47.8 months), and 30 controls matched on sex, mass, and activity level were recruited. Limb symmetry indices of peak contact forces and force impulses were calculated for each joint during walking and running, and analyzed using two-factor (group, activity) analysis of variances. Lower ACLR group peak knee JCF (p = 0.009) and knee JCF impulse (p = 0.034) during walking and running were observed. An interaction of group and activity was observed for peak hip JCF, with ACLR participants demonstrating greater involved limb peak hip JCF during running (p = 0.012). Ankle JCF and ground reaction force symmetry indices were not different between groups or across tasks. Decreased knee and increased ipsilateral peak hip JCF during running suggests that proximal adaptations exist at 2-7 years after ACLR, particularly during activities with increased task demand. Clinical significance: Knee and hip JCF asymmetry at 2-7 years after ACLR may underscore a need for clinical strategies and follow-up assessments to identify and target such outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Anand Padhye
- Department of Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stacey A Meardon
- Department of Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony Kulas
- Kinesiology Department, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - John Willson
- Department of Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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14
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Núñez Lisboa M, Peñailillo LE, Cancino J, Zbinden-Foncea H, Dewolf AH. Influence of sports background on the bouncing mechanism of running. Sports Biomech 2024; 23:670-681. [PMID: 33666140 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1884284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
During running, the mechanical energy of the centre of mass of the body (COM) oscillates throughout the step like a spring-mass system, where part of its mechanical energy is stored during negative phases to be released during the following positive phases. This storage-release of energy improves muscle-tendon efficiency, which is related to lower-limb stiffness. This study explores the effect of sports background on the bouncing mechanism, by examining differences in stiffness and step spatiotemporal parameters between swimmers and football athletes. All athletes performed three consecutive running bouts on an instrumented treadmill at three different speeds (3.9, 4.4 and 5.0 m·s-1). The ground reaction forces were recorded. Vertical stiffness and step spatiotemporal parameters were analysed and compared using a two-way ANOVA. Vertical stiffness of football players was on average 21.0 ± 1.1% higher than swimmers. The modification of step spatiotemporal parameters also suggests a more elastic rebound by increasing the stretch of tendons relative to muscle within muscle-tendon units in football players. Compared to swimmers, they (1) decrease the effective contact time by 9.7 ± 2.4% and (2) decrease the duration of the push by 15.0 ± 6.4%, suggesting that background training adaptations influence spring-mass behaviour during running.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Núñez Lisboa
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - L E Peñailillo
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Cancino
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
| | - H Zbinden-Foncea
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Santiago, Chile
- Clinica Santa Maria, Santiago, Chile
| | - A H Dewolf
- Department of Systems Medicine and Centre of Space Biomedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Physiology of Locomotion, Institute of NeuroScience, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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15
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Guo K, Liu M, Vella D, Suresh S, Hsia KJ. Dehydration-induced corrugated folding in Rhapis excelsa plant leaves. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320259121. [PMID: 38588439 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320259121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant leaves, whose remarkable ability for morphogenesis results in a wide range of petal and leaf shapes in response to environmental cues, have inspired scientific studies as well as the development of engineering structures and devices. Although some typical shape changes in plants and the driving force for such shape evolution have been extensively studied, there remain many poorly understood mechanisms, characteristics, and principles associated with the vast array of shape formation of plant leaves in nature. Here, we present a comprehensive study that combines experiment, theory, and numerical simulations of one such topic-the mechanics and mechanisms of corrugated leaf folding induced by differential shrinking in Rhapis excelsa. Through systematic measurements of the dehydration process in sectioned leaves, we identify a linear correlation between change in the leaf-folding angle and water loss. Building on experimental findings, we develop a generalized model that provides a scaling relationship for water loss in sectioned leaves. Furthermore, our study reveals that corrugated folding induced by dehydration in R. excelsa leaves is achieved by the deformation of a structural architecture-the "hinge" cells. Utilizing such connections among structure, morphology, environmental stimuli, and mechanics, we fabricate several biomimetic machines, including a humidity sensor and morphing devices capable of folding in response to dehydration. The mechanisms of corrugated folding in R. excelsa identified in this work provide a general understanding of the interactions between plant leaves and water. The actuation mechanisms identified in this study also provide insights into the rational design of soft machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Guo
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Mingchao Liu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Vella
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Subra Suresh
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - K Jimmy Hsia
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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16
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Abbassi K, Janghorban M, Javanmardi F, Mobasseri S. Feasibility study of femur bone with continuum model. J Med Eng Technol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38625882 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2024.2336512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
It is known that the geometric structures of bones are very complex. This has made researchers unable to model them with the continuum approach and suffice to model them with simulation or experimental tests. Undoubtedly, provide a simple and accurate continuum model for studying bones is always desirable. In this article, as the first serious endeavour, a suggested beam model is investigated to see whether it is suitable for modelling femur bones or not. If this model gives an acceptable answer, it can be a link to the continuum theories for beams. In other words, the approximated beam model can be formulated with continuum approach to study femur bone. For feasibility study of the approximated model for femur bones, both static and dynamic analysis of them are investigated and compared. It is found that in most cases for vibration analysis, the suggested model has acceptable results but in static analysis, the mean difference between the results is about 16%. This research is hoped to be the first serious step in this category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kianoosh Abbassi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Maziar Janghorban
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | | | - Saleh Mobasseri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
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17
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LaCour M, Nachtrab J, Nguyen T, Dessinger GM, Jacobs A, Komistek R. 3D preoperative predictions of in vivo hip stability and edge loading for neutral and lipped liners. J Orthop Res 2024. [PMID: 38624253 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Hip dislocation is one of the leading causes of failure and revision surgery for total hip arthroplasty. To reduce dislocation rates, lipped liners have been designed with an elevated portion of the rim, to increase jump distance and maintain greater contact area. While it has been documented that lipped liners help reduce dislocation, the objective of this study is to investigate whether lipped liners also help reduce smaller instances of hip micromotion, separation, and edge loading. This study uses an advanced three-dimensional preoperative planning tool to analyze 10 patients, each implanted with both a neutral and lipped liner. Patients within the simulation performed stance phase of gait, and each cup was implanted with the rotation center aligned with the preoperative acetabulum center as well as shifted medially by 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm, yielding 120 total simulations. Specific postoperative outcomes-of-interest included specified component offset, resultant in vivo hip forces, hip separation, and contact area to evaluate edge loading. The planner predicted a reduction in hip separation and an increase in articulating contact area for when using a lipped liner compared to a neutral liner. Additionally, regardless of liner type, increases in hip separation corresponded to decreases in contact area, therefore resulting in edge loading of the liner. Together, this indicates that improper component alignment and offsets may lead to an increase in hip separation and edge loading, but the use of a lipped liner may provide improved stability and resistance to this micromotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael LaCour
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jarrod Nachtrab
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thang Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Garett M Dessinger
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Richard Komistek
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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18
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Amudhan K, Vasanthanathan A, Thilak JAJ. Computational assessment of carbon fabric reinforced polymer made prosthetic knee: Mechanics, finite element simulations and experimental evaluation. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 2024:e3827. [PMID: 38623951 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
A prosthetic knee is designed to replace the functionality of an anatomical knee in transfemoral amputees. The purpose of a prosthetic knee is to restore mobility and compensate amputees for their impairment. In the present research numerical modelling and simulation of a carbon fabric reinforced polymer made polycentric prosthetic knee with four-bar mechanism was performed. Virtual prototyping with computer-aided design and computer-aided engineering software ensured geometric and structural stability of the knee design. The linkage mechanism, instantaneous centre's location and trajectory were investigated using multibody dynamics and analytical formulations. Computational simulations with a non-linear finite element model were employed with joints, contact formulations and an orthotropic material model to predict the displacement, stress formulated and life of the knee prosthesis under static and cyclic loading conditions. Finite element analysis assessed the strength and durability of knee in accordance to standards. Maximum Principal stress of 155 MPa and life expectancy of 3.1 × 106 cycles were determined for the composite knee through numerical simulations ensuring a safe design. Experimental testing was also conducted as per standards and the percentage error was estimated to be 2.52%, thereby establishing the validity of the finite element model deployed. This type of simulation-based approach can be implemented to efficiently and affordably design and prototype a prosthetic knee with desired functioning criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Amudhan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, India
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Modert M, Speck T, Masselter T. Leaf unfolding and lamina biomechanics in Syngonium podophyllum and Pilea peperomioides. Bioinspir Biomim 2024. [PMID: 38621389 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ad3ed4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
In nature, leaves and their laminae vary in shape, appearance and unfolding behaviour. We investigated peltate leaves of two model species with peltate leaves and highly different morphology (Syngonium podophyllum and Pilea peperomioides) and two distinct unfolding patterns via time-lapse recordings: we observed successive unfolding of leaf halves in S. podophyllum and simultaneous unfolding in P. peperomioides. Furthermore, we gathered relevant morphological and biomechanical data in juvenile (unfolding) and adult (fully unfolded) plants of both species by measuring the thickness and the tensile modulus of both lamina and veins as a measure of their stiffness. In S. podophyllum, lamina and veins stiffen after unfolding, which may facilitate unfolding in the less stiff juvenile lamina. Secondary venation highly contributes to stiffness in the adult lamina of S. podophyllum, while the lamina itself withstands tensile loads best in parallel direction to secondary veins. In contrast, the leaf of P. peperomioides has a higher lamina thickness and small, non-prominent venation and is equally stiff in every region and direction, although, as is the case in S. podophyllum, thickness and stiffness increase during ontogeny of leaves from juvenile to adult. It could be shown that
(changes in) lamina thickness and stiffness can be well correlated with the unfolding processes of both model plants, so that we conclude that functional lamina morphology in juvenile and adult leaf stages and the ontogenetic transition while unfolding is highly dependent on biomechanical characteristics, though other factors are also taken into consideration and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Modert
- Plant Biomechanics Group @ Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg Faculty of Biology, Schänzlestraße 1, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, 79104, GERMANY
| | - Thomas Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group Freiburg @ Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg Faculty of Biology, Schänzlestraße 1, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, 79104, GERMANY
| | - Tom Masselter
- Plant Biomechanics Group @ Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg Faculty of Biology, Schänzlestraße 1, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, 79104, GERMANY
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Vittori M. Structural diversity of crustacean exoskeletons and its implications for biomimetics. Interface Focus 2024; 14:20230075. [PMID: 38618234 PMCID: PMC11008965 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2023.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The crustacean cuticle is a biological composite material consisting of chitin-protein fibres in a mineralized matrix. Recent research has revealed a surprising range of fibre architectures and mineral compositions of crustacean skeletal structures adapted to various mechanical demands. It is becoming increasingly clear that the organic fibres in the cuticle may be organized in patterns differing from the standard twisted plywood model. Observed fibre architectures in protruding skeletal structures include longitudinal and circular parallel fibre arrays. Skeletal minerals often include calcium phosphates in addition to calcium carbonates. Furthermore, skeletal properties are affected by protein cross-linking, which replaces mineralization as a stiffening mechanism in some structures. Several common structural motifs, such as the stiffening of the outer skeletal layers, the incorporation of non-mineralized cuticle in exposed structures, and interchanging layers of parallel fibres and the twisted plywood structure, can be identified in skeletal elements with similar functions. These evolutionary solutions have the potential for biomimetic applications, particularly as manufacturing technologies advance. To make use of this potential, we need to understand the processes behind the formation of the crustacean exoskeleton and determine which features are truly adaptive and worth mimicking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Vittori
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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21
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Birkenfeld V, Gorb SN, Krings W. Mandible elemental composition and mechanical properties from distinct castes of the leafcutter ant Atta laevigata (Attini; Formicidae). Interface Focus 2024; 14:20230048. [PMID: 38618230 PMCID: PMC11008964 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2023.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Leafcutter ant colonies are divided into castes with the individuals performing different tasks, based mostly on size. With the mandibles, the small minims care for the brood or the fungus, whereas the larger minors and mediae cut and transport plant material, with the ant size positively related to the material size. The mechanical properties and composition of the mandible cuticle have been previously tested in the soldiers as the largest caste, revealing that the cutting edges contained high contents of the cross-linking transition metal zinc (Zn). With regard to the smaller castes, no data are present. To study how the mandible size and function relates to its mechanical properties, we here tested the mandibles of minims, minors and mediae by nanoindentation. We found that the hardness (H) and Young's modulus (E) values increased with increasing ant size and that the mandible cutting edges in each caste have the highest H- and E-values. To gain insight into the origins of these properties, we characterized the elemental composition by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, revealing that minors and mediae possessed higher content of Zn in the cutting edges in contrast to the minims containing significantly less Zn. This shows, that Zn content relates to higher mechanical property values. Additionally, it shows that all of these parameters can differ within a single species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Birkenfeld
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1–9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stanislav N. Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1–9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Wencke Krings
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1–9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstraße 12, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Mammalogy and Palaeoanthropology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Patra A, Asghar A, Pushpa NB, Chaudhary P, Ravi KS, Kaur H, Przybycień W, Musiał A, Walocha JA. Reappraisal of the morphological and morphometric study of the psoas minor muscle with clinical and developmental insights: cadaveric study. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2024:VM/OJS/J/99128. [PMID: 38619066 DOI: 10.5603/fm.99128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Psoas Minor (PMi) is the most unstable muscle of the psoas group of the posterior abdominal muscle. This muscle has a fusiform shape and consists of a short fusiform belly continuing distally as a long tendon inserted on the pecten pubis and the iliopectineal arch. The present study was conducted to obtain more detailed information about the muscle and to expand knowledge about its morphology and morphometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS The posterior abdominal wall of 30 adult cadavers was dissected. Anatomical variabilities in origin, insertion, length, width, and muscle-to-cone ratio were measured when PMi was found. The data collected was interpreted descriptively. RESULTS PMi was found in 12 cases, ten bilateral and two unilateral. The origin was constant in all cases and, except for three cases, extended into the iliac fascia and the iliopubic eminence. Morphometric analysis revealed that the average length of the proximal muscle belly and distal tendons was 4.52 ± 1.35 cm and 13.05 ± 0.90 cm, respectively. The mean width of the muscle belly was 1.71 ± 0.17 cm, and that of the tendon was 0.47 ± 0.10 cm. On average, the muscle belly occupied the proximal 33.71 ± 6.15% of the total musculotendinous unit. CONCLUSIONS Findings confirm the inconsistency of PMi in the study population. Morphological variations became more evident as the tendon approached the insertion level. The muscle's distal attachment to the iliac fascia may partially control the position, mechanical stability of the underlying iliopsoas and this circumstantial function may be clinically related to iliopsoas inflammation and pathology. However, further studies recommended to determine biomechanical validity and clinical applicability of this vestigial muscle in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurba Patra
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,, Bathinda, India
| | - Adil Asghar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,, Patna, India
| | - N B Pushpa
- Department of Anatomy, JSS Medical College, JSSHER, Mysore, India
| | - Preeti Chaudhary
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,, Bathinda, India
| | - Kumar Satish Ravi
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Harsimarjit Kaur
- Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College,, Patiala, India
| | | | - Agata Musiał
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Andrzej Walocha
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
- Department of Anatomy, UJ CM, Cracow.
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23
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Hulburt T, Santos L, Moos K, Popoli D, Nicholson K. Cueing Dancers to "Externally Rotate From the Hips" Improves Potentially Injurious Ankle Joint Angles and Contact Forces During a Demipointe Ballet Position. J Dance Med Sci 2024:1089313X241246601. [PMID: 38616540 DOI: 10.1177/1089313x241246601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: The demipointe dance position puts the ankle at high risk of overuse injury and posteromedial ankle pain due to increased ankle valgus forces. Previous work has shown that creating lower limb external rotation intrinsic to demipointe with hip external rotation reduces foot pronation that causes ankle valgus stress. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to examine long axis rotation kinematics of the hip, knee, and ankle as well as the ankle joint contact forces in demipointe to better understand the biomechanical impact(s) of the specific cue to increase hip external rotation in this position. Methods: Three-dimensional motion capture and force plate data were collected from 23 contemporary or ballet pre-professional dancers (age: 19.94 ± 1.34 years) who each performed 3 dancer-selected (DS) demipointe positions and 3 demipointes with the cue to "externally rotate from the hips." Results: The cue to increase hip external rotation resulted in significantly increased hip external rotation angle [DS: 37.5; 9.42° (median; interquartile range), Cued: 39.9; 10.8°, P < .0001)] and significantly reduced ankle eversion angle (DS: 8.13; 11.4°, Cued: 7.77; 10.3°, P = .023). However, total turnout angle was also significantly decreased (DS: 75.8; 7.91°, Cued: 75.4; 7.73°, P < .0001), which is undesirable for proper esthetic performance of demipointe. Total ankle joint force remained unchanged, but ankle eversion force was significantly reduced (DS: 15.3; 4.18 %bodyweight (BW), Cued: 14.7; 4.99 %BW, P < .0001) with use of the cue. Discussion/Conclusion: Utilization of a cue to increase hip external rotation was successful in increasing hip contribution to turnout angle and reducing injurious ankle eversion force. Further coaching using this cue may allow dancers to produce these advantageous mechanics while maintaining turnout angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Hulburt
- Orthopedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Laura Santos
- University of North Carolina School of the Arts, Health Services, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Katherine Moos
- University of North Carolina School of the Arts, Health Services, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - David Popoli
- Orthopedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kristen Nicholson
- Orthopedic Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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24
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Raghuraman RN, Barbieri DF, Aviles J, Srinivasan D. Age and gender differences in the perception and use of soft vs. rigid exoskeletons for manual material handling. Ergonomics 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38613461 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2024.2338268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
We investigated age and gender differences in the perception and use of soft (Apex) vs. rigid (Paexo Back) passive back-support exoskeletons (BSE) for repetitive lifting and lowering. A gender-balanced sample of 20 young (18-30 years) and 16 old (45-60 years) individuals were recruited. In the first session, participants' self-reported maximum acceptable load (MAL) was assessed using a psychophysical approach. Changes in muscle activity and kinematics due to BSE use in repetitive lifting/lowering tasks were also assessed. Overall, both BSEs increased MAL (by ∼7%), and reduced trunk extensor muscle activity across all groups (by ∼7-18%), compared to the control condition. Both BSEs promoted more squatting postures, increased quadriceps muscle activity (by ∼34%) and abdominal muscle activity during asymmetric tasks (by 5-20%). Some age and gender differences were significant, particularly for the trunk kinematics when using the Apex. Future work should include more diverse user groups in studying willingness to adopt BSEs and characterising their consequent effects on the body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessica Aviles
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Divya Srinivasan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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25
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Filipe EC, Velayuthar S, Philp A, Nobis M, Latham SL, Parker AL, Murphy KJ, Wyllie K, Major GS, Contreras O, Mok ETY, Enriquez RF, McGowan S, Feher K, Quek LE, Hancock SE, Yam M, Tran E, Setargew YFI, Skhinas JN, Chitty JL, Phimmachanh M, Han JZR, Cadell AL, Papanicolaou M, Mahmodi H, Kiedik B, Junankar S, Ross SE, Lam N, Coulson R, Yang J, Zaratzian A, Da Silva AM, Tayao M, Chin IL, Cazet A, Kansara M, Segara D, Parker A, Hoy AJ, Harvey RP, Bogdanovic O, Timpson P, Croucher DR, Lim E, Swarbrick A, Holst J, Turner N, Choi YS, Kabakova IV, Philp A, Cox TR. Tumor Biomechanics Alters Metastatic Dissemination of Triple Negative Breast Cancer via Rewiring Fatty Acid Metabolism. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2307963. [PMID: 38602451 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, the role of tumor biomechanics on cancer cell behavior at the primary site has been increasingly appreciated. However, the effect of primary tumor biomechanics on the latter stages of the metastatic cascade, such as metastatic seeding of secondary sites and outgrowth remains underappreciated. This work sought to address this in the context of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a cancer type known to aggressively disseminate at all stages of disease progression. Using mechanically tuneable model systems, mimicking the range of stiffness's typically found within breast tumors, it is found that, contrary to expectations, cancer cells exposed to softer microenvironments are more able to colonize secondary tissues. It is shown that heightened cell survival is driven by enhanced metabolism of fatty acids within TNBC cells exposed to softer microenvironments. It is demonstrated that uncoupling cellular mechanosensing through integrin β1 blocking antibody effectively causes stiff primed TNBC cells to behave like their soft counterparts, both in vitro and in vivo. This work is the first to show that softer tumor microenvironments may be contributing to changes in disease outcome by imprinting on TNBC cells a greater metabolic flexibility and conferring discrete cell survival advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysse C Filipe
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Sipiththa Velayuthar
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Philp
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Max Nobis
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Sharissa L Latham
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Amelia L Parker
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Kendelle J Murphy
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Kaitlin Wyllie
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Gretel S Major
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Osvaldo Contreras
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Ellie T Y Mok
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Ronaldo F Enriquez
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Suzanne McGowan
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Kristen Feher
- South Australian immunoGENomics Cancer Institute (SAiGENCI), Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia
| | - Sarah E Hancock
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2033, Australia
| | - Michelle Yam
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Emmi Tran
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Yordanos F I Setargew
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Joanna N Skhinas
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Jessica L Chitty
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Monica Phimmachanh
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Jeremy Z R Han
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Antonia L Cadell
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Michael Papanicolaou
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Hadi Mahmodi
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Beata Kiedik
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Simon Junankar
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Samuel E Ross
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Natasha Lam
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Rhiannon Coulson
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Jessica Yang
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Anaiis Zaratzian
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew M Da Silva
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Michael Tayao
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Ian L Chin
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Aurélie Cazet
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Maya Kansara
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Parker
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Richard P Harvey
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Ozren Bogdanovic
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2033, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - David R Croucher
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Elgene Lim
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Alexander Swarbrick
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2033, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2033, Australia
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Irina V Kabakova
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Andrew Philp
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- Biology of Ageing Laboratory and Centre for Healthy Ageing, Centenary Institute, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Thomas R Cox
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2010, Australia
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26
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Vallejo-Marin M, Russell AL. Harvesting pollen with vibrations: towards an integrative understanding of the proximate and ultimate reasons for buzz pollination. Ann Bot 2024; 133:379-398. [PMID: 38071461 PMCID: PMC11006549 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Buzz pollination, a type of interaction in which bees use vibrations to extract pollen from certain kinds of flowers, captures a close relationship between thousands of bee and plant species. In the last 120 years, studies of buzz pollination have contributed to our understanding of the natural history of buzz pollination, and basic properties of the vibrations produced by bees and applied to flowers in model systems. Yet, much remains to be done to establish its adaptive significance and the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of buzz pollination across diverse plant and bee systems. Here, we review for bees and plants the proximate (mechanism and ontogeny) and ultimate (adaptive significance and evolution) explanations for buzz pollination, focusing especially on integrating across these levels to synthesize and identify prominent gaps in our knowledge. Throughout, we highlight new technical and modelling approaches and the importance of considering morphology, biomechanics and behaviour in shaping our understanding of the adaptive significance of buzz pollination. We end by discussing the ecological context of buzz pollination and how a multilevel perspective can contribute to explain the proximate and evolutionary reasons for this ancient bee-plant interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vallejo-Marin
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 752 36, Sweden
| | - Avery L Russell
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, 65897, USA
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27
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Lee J, Jha K, Harper CE, Zhang W, Ramsukh M, Bouklas N, Dörr T, Chen P, Hernandez CJ. Determining the Young's Modulus of the Bacterial Cell Envelope. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 38593061 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria experience substantial physical forces in their natural environment, including forces caused by osmotic pressure, growth in constrained spaces, and fluid shear. The cell envelope is the primary load-carrying structure of bacteria, but the mechanical properties of the cell envelope are poorly understood; reports of Young's modulus of the cell envelope of Escherichia coli range from 2 to 18 MPa. We developed a microfluidic system to apply mechanical loads to hundreds of bacteria at once and demonstrated the utility of the approach for evaluating whole-cell stiffness. Here, we extend this technique to determine Young's modulus of the cell envelope of E. coli and of the pathogens Vibrio cholerae and Staphylococcus aureus. An optimization-based inverse finite element analysis was used to determine the cell envelope Young's modulus from observed deformations. The Young's modulus values of the cell envelope were 2.06 ± 0.04 MPa for E. coli, 0.84 ± 0.02 MPa for E. coli treated with a chemical (A22) known to reduce cell stiffness, 0.12 ± 0.03 MPa for V. cholerae, and 1.52 ± 0.06 MPa for S. aureus (mean ± SD). The microfluidic approach allows examination of hundreds of cells at once and is readily applied to Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms as well as rod-shaped and cocci cells, allowing further examination of the structural causes behind differences in cell envelope Young's modulus among bacterial species and strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsung Lee
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Karan Jha
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christine E Harper
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Wenyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Malissa Ramsukh
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Nikolaos Bouklas
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tobias Dörr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Christopher J Hernandez
- Departments of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Orthopaedic Surgery, UC San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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28
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Zhang C, Cai X, Li M, Peng J, Mei J, Wang F, Zhang R, Zhou Y, Fang S, Xia D, Zhao J. Preclinical Evaluation of Bioactive Small Intestinal Submucosa-PMMA Bone Cement for Vertebral Augmentation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2398-2413. [PMID: 38477550 PMCID: PMC11005825 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, bioinert poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is a conventional filler employed for quick stabilization of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). However, because of the poor osteointegration, excessive stiffness, and high curing temperature of PMMA, the implant loosens, the adjacent vertebrae refracture, and thermal necrosis of the surrounding tissue occurs frequently. This investigation addressed these issues by incorporating the small intestinal submucosa (SIS) into PMMA (SIS-PMMA). In vitro analyses revealed that this new SIS-PMMA bone cement had improved porous structure, as well as reduced compressive modulus and polymerization temperature compared with the original PMMA. Furthermore, the handling properties of SIS-PMMA bone cement were not significantly different from PMMA. The in vitro effect of PMMA and SIS-PMMA was investigated on MC3T3-E1 cells via the Transwell insert model to mimic the clinical condition or directly by culturing cells on the bone cement samples. The results indicated that SIS addition substantially enhanced the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Additionally, the bone cement's biomechanical properties were also assessed in a decalcified goat vertebrae model with a compression fracture, which indicated the SIS-PMMA had markedly increased compressive strength than PMMA. Furthermore, it was proved that the novel bone cement had good biosafety and efficacy based on the International Standards and guidelines. After 12 weeks of implantation, SIS-PMMA indicated significantly more osteointegration and new bone formation ability than PMMA. In addition, vertebral bodies with cement were also extracted for the uniaxial compression test, and it was revealed that compared with the PMMA-implanted vertebrae, the SIS-PMMA-implanted vertebrae had greatly enhanced maximum strength. Overall, these findings indicate the potential of SIS to induce efficient fixation between the modified cement surface and the host bone, thereby providing evidence that the SIS-PMMA bone cement is a promising filler for clinical vertebral augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
- Zhejiang
Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiongxiong Cai
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Mei Li
- Key
Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang
Province, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Zhejiang
Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jin Mei
- Institute
of Biomaterials, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Institute
of Biomaterials, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute
of Biomaterials, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- Institute
of Biomaterials, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Shuyu Fang
- Department
of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Dongdong Xia
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Jiyuan Zhao
- Zhejiang
Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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29
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Pan J, Fu W, Lv J, Tang H, Huang Z, Zou Y, Zhang X, Liao B. Biomechanics of the lower limb in patients with mild knee osteoarthritis during the sit-to-stand task. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:268. [PMID: 38582828 PMCID: PMC10998381 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a prevalent and debilitating condition that markedly affects the sit-to-stand (STS) activity of patients, a prerequisite for daily activities. Biomechanical recognition of movements in patients with mild KOA is currently attracting attention. However, limited studies have been conducted solely on the observed differences in sagittal plane movement and muscle activation. AIM This study aimed to identify three-dimensional biomechanical and muscle activation characteristics of the STS activity in patients with mild KOA. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to observe the differences between patients with mild KOA and a control group (CG). It was conducted to observe the differences in muscle activation, including root mean square (RMS%) and integrated electromyography (items), kinematic parameters like range of motion (ROM) and maximum angular velocity, as well as dynamic parameters such as joint moment and vertical ground reaction force (vGRF). RESULTS Patients with mild KOA had a higher body mass index and longer task duration. In the sagittal plane, patients with KOA showed an increased ROM of the pelvic region, reduced ROM of the hip-knee-ankle joint, and diminished maximum angular velocity of the knee-ankle joint. Furthermore, patients with KOA displayed increased knee-ankle joint ROM in the coronal plane and decreased ankle joint ROM in the horizontal plane. Integrated vGRF was higher in both lower limbs, whereas the vGRF of the affected side was lower. Furthermore, patients showed a decreased peak adduction moment (PADM) and increased peak external rotation moment in the knee joint and smaller PADM and peak internal rotation moment in the ankle joint. The affected side exhibited decreased RMS% and iEMG values of the gluteus medius, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis muscles, as well as a decreased RMS% of the rectus femoris muscle. Conversely, RMS% and iEMG values of the biceps femoris, lateral gastrocnemius, and medial gastrocnemius muscles were higher. CONCLUSION The unbalanced activation characteristics of the anterior and posterior muscle groups, combined with changes in joint moment in the three-dimensional plane of the affected joint, may pose a potential risk of injury to the irritated articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jinmiao Lv
- Department of Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Huiyi Tang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Zhiguan Huang
- School of Sports and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Bagen Liao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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Kamal Z, Hekman EEG, Verkerke GJ. A combined musculoskeletal and finite element model of a foot to predict plantar pressure distribution. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:035024. [PMID: 38277697 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad233d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a combined subject-specific numerical and experimental investigation was conducted to explore the plantar pressure of an individual. The research utilized finite element (FE) and musculoskeletal modelling based on computed tomography (CT) images of an ankle-foot complex and three-dimensional gait measurements. Muscle forces were estimated using an individualized multi-body musculoskeletal model in five gait phases. The results of the FE model and gait measurements for the same subject revealed the highest stress concentration of 0.48 MPa in the forefoot, which aligns with previously-reported clinical observations. Additionally, the study found that the encapsulated soft tissue FE model with hyper-elastic properties exhibited higher stresses compared to the model with linear-elastic properties, with maximum ratios of 1.16 and 1.88 MPa in the contact pressure and von-Mises stress, respectively. Furthermore, the numerical simulation demonstrated that the use of an individualized insole caused a reduction of 8.3% in the maximum contact plantar pressure and 14.7% in the maximum von-Mises stress in the encapsulated soft tissue. Overall, the developed model in this investigation holds potential for facilitating further studies on foot pathologies and the improvement of rehabilitation techniques in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Kamal
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Edsko E G Hekman
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbertus J Verkerke
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
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Martinez-Mondragon M, Urriolagoitia-Sosa G, Romero-Ángeles B, García-Laguna MA, Laguna-Canales AS, Pérez-Partida JC, Mireles-Hernández J, Carrasco-Hernández F, Urriolagoitia-Calderón GM. Biomechanical Fatigue Behavior of a Dental Implant Due to Chewing Forces: A Finite Element Analysis. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1669. [PMID: 38612181 PMCID: PMC11012472 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The use of titanium as a biomaterial for the treatment of dental implants has been successful and has become the most viable and common option. However, in the last three decades, new alternatives have emerged, such as polymers that could replace metallic materials. The aim of this research work is to demonstrate the structural effects caused by the fatigue phenomenon and the comparison with polymeric materials that may be biomechanically viable by reducing the stress shielding effect at the bone-implant interface. A numerical simulation was performed using the finite element method. Variables such as Young's modulus, Poisson's coefficient, density, yield strength, ultimate strength, and the S-N curve were included. Prior to the simulation, a representative digital model of both a dental implant and the bone was developed. A maximum load of 550 N was applied, and the analysis was considered linear, homogeneous, and isotropic. The results obtained allowed us to observe the mechanical behavior of the dental implant by means of displacements and von Mises forces. They also show the critical areas where the implant tends to fail due to fatigue. Finally, this type of non-destructive analysis proves to be versatile, avoids experimentation on people and/or animals, and reduces costs, and the iteration is unlimited in evaluating various structural parameters (geometry, materials, properties, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Martinez-Mondragon
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos Zacatenco, Edificio 5, 2do, Piso, Col. Lindavista, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07320, Mexico; (B.R.-Á.)
| | - Guillermo Urriolagoitia-Sosa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos Zacatenco, Edificio 5, 2do, Piso, Col. Lindavista, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07320, Mexico; (B.R.-Á.)
| | - Beatriz Romero-Ángeles
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos Zacatenco, Edificio 5, 2do, Piso, Col. Lindavista, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07320, Mexico; (B.R.-Á.)
| | - Miguel Angel García-Laguna
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos Zacatenco, Edificio 5, 2do, Piso, Col. Lindavista, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07320, Mexico; (B.R.-Á.)
| | - Aldo Saul Laguna-Canales
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos Zacatenco, Edificio 5, 2do, Piso, Col. Lindavista, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07320, Mexico; (B.R.-Á.)
| | - Juan Carlos Pérez-Partida
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos Zacatenco, Edificio 5, 2do, Piso, Col. Lindavista, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07320, Mexico; (B.R.-Á.)
| | - Jonatan Mireles-Hernández
- Universidad Abierta y a Distancia de México, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Biológicas y Ambientales, Av. Universidad 1200, Piso 1, Cuadrante 10, 1-2, Xoco, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Ciudad de México C.P. 03330, Mexico
| | - Francisco Carrasco-Hernández
- Universidad Tecnológica de Durango, Mecatrónica y Energías Renovables, Carretera Durango-Mezquital, km 4.5 S/N, Gavino Santillán, Durango C.P. 34308, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Manuel Urriolagoitia-Calderón
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos Zacatenco, Edificio 5, 2do, Piso, Col. Lindavista, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07320, Mexico; (B.R.-Á.)
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Wan Y, Wang Z, Bai JJ, Cai YM, Ming Y, Qin W. Efficacy of Biomechanics-based Decompression Therapy in Managing Recurrent Diabetic Plantar Ulcers. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2024:15347346241245087. [PMID: 38572515 DOI: 10.1177/15347346241245087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of decompression nursing based on biomechanical principles in managing recurrent diabetic plantar ulcers. METHODS Sixty-seven patients experiencing recurrent diabetic plantar ulcers who sought medical attention at Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University between January 2021 and December 2022 were selected as participants for this study. The participants underwent biomechanics-based decompression nursing. We compared pre-intervention and post-intervention data to assess the differences in relevant observational indexes. RESULTS Post-intervention, patients showed significant improvements in foot comfort scores and adherence to pressure reduction behavior compared with their pre-intervention status, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The intervention was effective in 41 cases (61.19%), with 18 cases (26.87%) showing improvement and 8 cases (11.94%) deemed ineffective, culminating in an overall efficacy rate of 88.06%. All 67 patients achieved complete ulcer healing within an average duration of 58.63 ± 18.13 days, without any recorded recurrences. CONCLUSION Biomechanics-based decompression nursing demonstrates effective facilitation of wound healing, yielding expeditious recovery, enhanced comfort, and a reduced incidence of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wan
- Diabetic Foot Integration Clinic, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Diabetic Foot Integration Clinic, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Bai
- Diabetic Foot Integration Clinic, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Min Cai
- Wound Diagnosis and Treatment Centre, Jinshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Diabetic Foot Integration Clinic, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Diabetic Foot Integration Clinic, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chung TK, Kim J, Gueldner PH, Vorp DA, Raghavan ML. A Comparative Study of Machine Learning and Algorithmic Approaches to Automatically Identify the Yield Point in Normal and Aneurysmal Human Aortic Tissues. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:044503. [PMID: 38323620 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The stress-strain curve of biological soft tissues helps characterize their mechanical behavior. The yield point on this curve is when a specimen breaches its elastic range due to irreversible microstructural damage. The yield point is easily found using the offset yield method in traditional engineering materials. However, correctly identifying the yield point in soft tissues can be subjective due to its nonlinear material behavior. The typical method for yield point identification is visual inspection, which is investigator-dependent and does not lend itself to automation of the analysis pipeline. An automated algorithm to identify the yield point objectively assesses soft tissues' biomechanical properties. This study aimed to analyze data from uniaxial extension testing on biological soft tissue specimens and create a machine learning (ML) model to determine a tissue sample's yield point. We present a trained machine learning model from 279 uniaxial extension curves from testing aneurysmal/nonaneurysmal and longitudinal/circumferential oriented tissue specimens that multiple experts labeled through an adjudication process. The ML model showed a median error of 5% in its estimated yield stress compared to the expert picks. The study found that an ML model could accurately identify the yield point (as defined) in various aortic tissues. Future studies will be performed to validate this approach by visually inspecting when damage occurs and adjusting the model using the ML-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Joseph Kim
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240
| | - Pete H Gueldner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
- University of Pittsburgh
| | - David A Vorp
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA 15213; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA 15219; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA 15261; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh,Pittsburgh, PA 15213; Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - M L Raghavan
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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de Simão-Oliveira D, Dos Santos T, Pinheiro FL, Pretto FA. Assessing the adductor musculature and jaw mechanics of Proterochampsa nodosa (Archosauriformes: Proterochampsidae) through finite element analysis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:1300-1314. [PMID: 38240352 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Proterochampsids are a group of South American nonarchosaurian archosauromorphs whose general morphology has been historically likened to that of the extant Crocodylia, which purportedly exhibited similar habits by convergence. Taxa from the genus Proterochampsa, for example, show platyrostral skulls with dorsally faced orbits and external nares and elongated snouts that might indicate a feeding habit similar to that of crocodilians. Nonetheless, some aspects of their craniomandibular anatomy are distinct. Proterochampsa has comparatively larger skull temporal fenestrae, and a unique morphology of the mandibular adductor chamber, with a remarkably large surangular shelf and a fainter retroarticular region in the mandible. In light of this, we conducted biomechanical tests on a 3-dimensional model of Proterochampsa nodosa including the first Finite Element Analysis for proterochampsians and compared it with models of the extant crocodylians Tomistoma schlegelii and Alligator mississippiensis. Our analyses suggested that, despite the differences in adductor chamber, Proterochampsa was able to perform bite forces comparable to those modeled for Alligator and significantly higher than Tomistoma. However, the morphology of the surangular shelf and the adductor chamber of Proterochampsa renders it more prone to accumulate stresses resulting from muscle contraction, when compared with both analogs. The elongated lower jaw of Proterochampsa, like that of Tomistoma, is more susceptible to bending, when compared with Alligator. As a result, we suggest that Proterochampsa might employ anteriorly directed bites only when handling small and soft-bodied prey. In addition, Proterochampsa exemplifies the diversity of arrangements that the adductor musculature adopted in different diverging archosauromorph groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel de Simão-Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa Paleontológica da Quarta Colônia (CAPPA), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), São João do Polêsine, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tiago Dos Santos
- Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Felipe Lima Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Paleobiologia, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Flávio Augusto Pretto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa Paleontológica da Quarta Colônia (CAPPA), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), São João do Polêsine, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Jorgensen A, McManigal M, Post A, Werner D, Wichman C, Tao M, Wellsandt E. Reliability of an Instrumented Pressure Walkway for Measuring Walking and Running Characteristics in Young, Athletic Individuals. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2024; 19:429-439. [PMID: 38576831 PMCID: PMC10987304 DOI: 10.26603/001c.94606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Spatiotemporal parameters of gait are useful for identifying pathological gait patterns and presence of impairments. Reliability of the pressure-sensitive ZenoTM Walkway has not been established in young, active individuals without impairments, and no studies to this point have included running. Purpose The purposes of this study were to 1) determine if up to two additional trials of walking and running on the ZenoTM Walkway are needed to produce consistent measurements of spatiotemporal variables, and 2) establish test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) values for common spatiotemporal variables measured during walking and running. Study Design Cross-Sectional Laboratory Study. Methods Individuals (n=38) in this cross-sectional study walked and ran at self-selected comfortable speed on a pressure-sensitive ZenoTM Walkway. Twenty-one participants returned for follow-up testing between one and 14 days later. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess reliability of spatiotemporal variable means using three, four, or five passes over the ZenoTM Walkway and to assess test-retest reliability of spatiotemporal variables across sessions. Results All variables showed excellent reliability (ICC > 0.995) for walking and running when measured using three, four, or five passes. Additionally, all variables demonstrated moderate to excellent test-retest reliability during walking (ICC: 0.732-0.982) and running (ICC: 0.679-0.985). Conclusion This study establishes a reliable measurement protocol of three one-way passes when using the ZenoTM Walkway for walking or running analysis. This is the first study to establish reliability of the ZenoTM Walkway during running and in young, active individuals without neuromusculoskeletal pathology. Level of Evidence 3b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyx Jorgensen
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; Medical Sciences Interdepartmental Area Program University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Matthew McManigal
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Austin Post
- College of Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - David Werner
- Medical Sciences Interdepartmental Area Program; Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | | | - Matthew Tao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation; Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Elizabeth Wellsandt
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation University of Nebraska Medical Center
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Durcan C, Hossain M, Chagnon G, Perić D, Girard E. Characterization of the layer, direction and time-dependent mechanical behaviour of the human oesophagus and the effects of formalin preservation. J R Soc Interface 2024; 21:20230592. [PMID: 38593841 PMCID: PMC11003784 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanical characterization of the oesophagus is essential for applications such as medical device design, surgical simulations and tissue engineering, as well as for investigating the organ's pathophysiology. However, the material response of the oesophagus has not been established ex vivo in regard to the more complex aspects of its mechanical behaviour using fresh, human tissue: as of yet, in the literature, only the hyperelastic response of the intact wall has been studied. Therefore, in this study, the layer-dependent, anisotropic, visco-hyperelastic behaviour of the human oesophagus was investigated through various mechanical tests. For this, cyclic tests, with increasing stretch levels, were conducted on the layers of the human oesophagus in the longitudinal and circumferential directions and at two different strain rates. Additionally, stress-relaxation tests on the oesophageal layers were carried out in both directions. Overall, the results show discrete properties in each layer and direction, highlighting the importance of treating the oesophagus as a multi-layered composite material with direction-dependent behaviour. Previously, the authors conducted layer-dependent cyclic experimentation on formalin-embalmed human oesophagi. A comparison between the fresh and embalmed tissue response was carried out and revealed surprising similarities in terms of anisotropy, strain-rate dependency, stress-softening and hysteresis, with the main difference between the two preservation states being the magnitude of these properties. As formalin fixation is known to notably affect the formation of cross-links between the collagen of biological materials, the differences may reveal the influence of cross-links on the mechanical behaviour of soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Durcan
- Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Mokarram Hossain
- Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Grégory Chagnon
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Djordje Perić
- Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Edouard Girard
- CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble 38000, France
- Laboratoire d’Anatomie des Alpes Françaises, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
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Straub RK, Powers CM. A Biomechanical Review of the Squat Exercise: Implications for Clinical Practice. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2024; 19:490-501. [PMID: 38576836 PMCID: PMC10987311 DOI: 10.26603/001c.94600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The squat is one of the most frequently prescribed exercises in the rehabilitative setting. Performance of the squat can be modified by changing parameters such as stance width, foot rotation, trunk position, tibia position, and depth. An understanding of how the various squatting techniques can influence joint loading and muscular demands is important for the proper prescription of this exercise for various clinical conditions. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to discuss how the biomechanical demands of the squat can be influenced by various modifiable parameters. General recommendations for specific clinical conditions are presented. Level of Evidence 5.
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Griffith R, Tibone JE, McGarry MH, Adamson GJ, Lee TQ. Biomechanical comparison of open Bankart repair vs. conjoint tendon transfer in a 10% anterior glenoid bone loss shoulder instability model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2024; 33:757-764. [PMID: 37871791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of shoulder instability in patients with subcritical glenoid bone loss poses a difficult problem for surgeons as new evidence supports a higher failure rate when a standard arthroscopic Bankart repair is used. The purpose of this study was to compare a conjoint tendon transfer (soft-tissue Bristow) to an open Bankart repair in a cadaveric instability model of 10% glenoid bone loss. METHODS Eight cadaveric shoulders were tested using a custom testing system that allows for a 6-degree-of-freedom positioning of the glenohumeral joint. The rotator cuff muscles were loaded to simulate physiologic muscle conditions. Four conditions were tested: (1) intact, (2) Bankart lesion with 10% bone loss, (3) conjoint tendon transfer, and (4) open Bankart repair. Range of motion, glenohumeral kinematics, and anterior-inferior translation at 60° of external rotation with 20 N, 30 N, and 40 N were measured in the scapular and coronal planes. Glenohumeral joint translational stiffness was calculated as the linear fit of the translational force-displacement curve. Force to anterior-inferior dislocation was also measured in the coronal plane. Repeated measures analysis of variance with a Bonferroni correction was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A Bankart lesion with 10% bone loss increased the range of motion in both the scapular (P = .001) and coronal planes (P = .001). The conjoint tendon transfer had a minimal effect on the range of motion (vs. intact P = .019, .002), but the Bankart repair decreased the range of motion to intact (P = .9, .4). There was a significant decrease in glenohumeral joint translational stiffness for the Bankart lesion compared with intact in the coronal plane (P = .021). The conjoint tendon transfer significantly increased stiffness in the scapular plane (P = .034), and the Bankart repair increased stiffness in the coronal plane (P = .037) compared with the Bankart lesion. The conjoint tendon transfer shifted the humeral head posteriorly at 60° and 90° of external rotation in the scapular plane. The Bankart repair shifted the head posteriorly in maximum external rotation in the coronal plane. There was no significant difference in force to dislocation between the Bankart repair (75.8 ± 6.6 N) and the conjoint tendon transfer (66.5 ± 4.4 N) (P = .151). CONCLUSION In the setting of subcritical bone loss, both the open Bankart repair and conjoint tendon transfer are biomechanically viable options for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability; further studies are needed to extrapolate these data to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thay Q Lee
- Congress Medical Foundation, Pasadena, CA USA.
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Etienne C, Houssaye A, Fagan MJ, Hutchinson JR. Estimation of the forces exerted on the limb long bones of a white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) using musculoskeletal modelling and simulation. J Anat 2024. [PMID: 38558391 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy animals incur large forces on their limb bones, due to the transmission of body weight and ground reaction forces, and the contractions of the various muscles of the limbs. This is particularly true for rhinoceroses, the heaviest extant animals capable of galloping. Several studies have examined their musculoskeletal system and the forces their bones incur, but no detailed quantification has ever been attempted. Such quantification could help understand better the link between form and function in giant land animals. Here we constructed three-dimensional musculoskeletal models of the forelimb and hindlimb of Ceratotherium simum, the heaviest extant rhino species, and used static optimisation (inverse) simulations to estimate the forces applied on the bones when standing at rest, including magnitudes and directions. Overall, unsurprisingly, the most active muscles were antigravity muscles, which generate moments opposing body weight (thereby incurring the ground reaction force), and thus keep the joints extended, avoiding joint collapse via flexion. Some muscles have an antigravity action around several joints, and thus were found to be highly active, likely specialised in body weight support (ulnaris lateralis; digital flexors). The humerus was subjected to the greatest amount of forces in terms of total magnitude; forces on the humerus furthermore came from a great variety of directions. The radius was mainly subject to high-magnitude compressive joint reaction forces, but to little muscular tension, whereas the opposite pattern was observed for the ulna. The femur had a pattern similar to that of the humerus, and the tibia's pattern was intermediate, being subject to great compression in its caudal side but to great tension in its cranial side (i.e. bending). The fibula was subject to by far the lowest force magnitude. Overall, the forces estimated were consistent with the documented morphofunctional adaptations of C. simum's long bones, which have larger insertion areas for several muscles and a greater robusticity overall than those of lighter rhinos, likely reflecting the intense forces we estimated here. Our estimates of muscle and bone (joint) loading regimes for this giant tetrapod improve the understanding of the links between form and function in supportive tissues and could be extended to other aspects of bone morphology, such as microanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Etienne
- UMR 7179 Mécanismes adaptatifs et Évolution (MECADEV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Houssaye
- UMR 7179 Mécanismes adaptatifs et Évolution (MECADEV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Michael J Fagan
- Department of Engineering, Medical and Biological Engineering Research Group, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - John R Hutchinson
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
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Berthaume M, Elton S. Biomechanics in anthropology. Evol Anthropol 2024; 33:e22019. [PMID: 38217465 DOI: 10.1002/evan.22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Biomechanics is the set of tools that explain organismal movement and mechanical behavior and links the organism to the physicality of the world. As such, biomechanics can relate behaviors and culture to the physicality of the organism. Scale is critical to biomechanical analyses, as the constitutive equations that matter differ depending on the scale of the question. Within anthropology, biomechanics has had a wide range of applications, from understanding how we and other primates evolved to understanding the effects of technologies, such as the atlatl, and the relationship between identity, society, culture, and medical interventions, such as prosthetics. Like any other model, there is great utility in biomechanical models, but models should be used primarily for hypothesis testing and not data generation except in the rare case where models can be robustly validated. The application of biomechanics within anthropology has been extensive, and holds great potential for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Elton
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
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Suwannaphisit S, Saengsirinavin P, Panichnantho N, Kwanyuang A, Gonggoon A, Jaroenporn W. The biomechanical properties of the hook plate and pull-out suture in mallet finger fractures: a cadaveric study. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2024; 49:430-435. [PMID: 37879642 DOI: 10.1177/17531934231205550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
A total of 32 cadaveric fingers with bony mallet injuries were fixed using either the hook plate or the pull-out suture technique. The purpose of this study was to assess the immediate postoperative biomechanical responses of the fixation techniques under different load conditions. The fingers were cyclically loaded with a force of 7 N for 3500 cycles and until construct failure. The maximum displacements of the hook plate and pull-out sutures were 0.7 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively (p = 0.556). The stiffnesses of the hook plate and pull-out suture were 1.3 N/mm and 1.1 N/mm, respectively (p = 0.515). The ultimate loads-to-failure for the hook plate and pull-out suture were 64.4 N (interquartile range [IQR] 37.7-77.7) and 44.5 N (IQR 29.7-63.5), respectively (p = 0.094). Both fixation techniques were able to withstand immediate postoperative mobilization without any difference in fracture displacement, construct stiffness or maximum load to failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitthiphong Suwannaphisit
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pamok Saengsirinavin
- Department of Orthopedics, Police General Hospital, Royal Thai Police Headquarters, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nipat Panichnantho
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Atichart Kwanyuang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Akkharaphon Gonggoon
- Department of Orthopedics, Police General Hospital, Royal Thai Police Headquarters, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Woraphon Jaroenporn
- Department of Orthopedics, Police General Hospital, Royal Thai Police Headquarters, Bangkok, Thailand
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Walford SL, Rankin JW, Mulroy SJ, Neptune RR. Differences in Glenohumeral Joint Contact Forces Between Recovery Hand Patterns During Wheelchair Propulsion With and Without Shoulder Muscle Weakness: A Simulation Study. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:041005. [PMID: 38270963 PMCID: PMC10983712 DOI: 10.1115/1.4064590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The majority of manual wheelchair users (MWCU) develop shoulder pain or injuries, which is often caused by impingement. Because propulsion mechanics are influenced by the recovery hand pattern used, the pattern may affect shoulder loading and susceptibility to injury. Shoulder muscle weakness is also correlated with shoulder pain, but how shoulder loading changes with specific muscle group weakness is unknown. Musculoskeletal modeling and simulation were used to compare glenohumeral joint contact forces (GJCFs) across hand patterns and determine how GJCFs vary when primary shoulder muscle groups are weakened. Experimental data were analyzed to classify individuals into four hand pattern groups. A representative musculoskeletal model was then developed for each group and simulations generated to portray baseline strength and six muscle weakness conditions. Three-dimensional GJCF peaks and impulses were compared across hand patterns and muscle weakness conditions. The semicircular pattern consistently had lower shear (anterior-posterior and superior-inferior) GJCFs compared to other patterns. The double-loop pattern had the highest superior GJCFs, while the single-loop pattern had the highest anterior and posterior GJCFs. These results suggest that using the semicircular pattern may be less susceptible to shoulder injuries such as subacromial impingement. Weakening the internal rotators and external rotators resulted in the greatest increases in shear GJCFs and decreases in compressive GJCF, likely due to decreased force from rotator cuff muscles. These findings suggest that strengthening specific muscle groups, especially the rotator cuff, is critical for decreasing the risk of shoulder overuse injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L. Walford
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1591
| | - Jeffery W. Rankin
- Pathokinesiology Laboratory, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA 90242; Rehabilitation Engineering, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA 90242
| | - Sara J. Mulroy
- Pathokinesiology Laboratory, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA 90242; Rehabilitation Engineering, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA 90242
| | - Richard R. Neptune
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1591
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Mitchell DR, Sherratt E, Weisbecker V. Facing the facts: adaptive trade-offs along body size ranges determine mammalian craniofacial scaling. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:496-524. [PMID: 38029779 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian cranium (skull without lower jaw) is representative of mammalian diversity and is thus of particular interest to mammalian biologists across disciplines. One widely retrieved pattern accompanying mammalian cranial diversification is referred to as 'craniofacial evolutionary allometry' (CREA). This posits that adults of larger species, in a group of closely related mammals, tend to have relatively longer faces and smaller braincases. However, no process has been officially suggested to explain this pattern, there are many apparent exceptions, and its predictions potentially conflict with well-established biomechanical principles. Understanding the mechanisms behind CREA and causes for deviations from the pattern therefore has tremendous potential to explain allometry and diversification of the mammalian cranium. Here, we propose an amended framework to characterise the CREA pattern more clearly, in that 'longer faces' can arise through several kinds of evolutionary change, including elongation of the rostrum, retraction of the jaw muscles, or a more narrow or shallow skull, which all result in a generalised gracilisation of the facial skeleton with increased size. We define a standardised workflow to test for the presence of the pattern, using allometric shape predictions derived from geometric morphometrics analysis, and apply this to 22 mammalian families including marsupials, rabbits, rodents, bats, carnivores, antelopes, and whales. Our results show that increasing facial gracility with size is common, but not necessarily as ubiquitous as previously suggested. To address the mechanistic basis for this variation, we then review cranial adaptations for harder biting. These dictate that a more gracile cranium in larger species must represent a structural sacrifice in the ability to produce or withstand harder bites, relative to size. This leads us to propose that facial gracilisation in larger species is often a product of bite force allometry and phylogenetic niche conservatism, where more closely related species tend to exhibit more similar feeding ecology and biting behaviours and, therefore, absolute (size-independent) bite force requirements. Since larger species can produce the same absolute bite forces as smaller species with less effort, we propose that relaxed bite force demands can permit facial gracility in response to bone optimisation and alternative selection pressures. Thus, mammalian facial scaling represents an adaptive by-product of the shifting importance of selective pressures occurring with increased size. A reverse pattern of facial 'shortening' can accordingly also be found, and is retrieved in several cases here, where larger species incorporate novel feeding behaviours involving greater bite forces. We discuss multiple exceptions to a bite force-mediated influence on facial proportions across mammals which lead us to argue that ecomorphological specialisation of the cranium is likely to be the primary driver of facial scaling patterns, with some developmental constraints as possible secondary factors. A potential for larger species to have a wider range of cranial functions when less constrained by bite force demands might also explain why selection for larger sizes seems to be prevalent in some mammalian clades. The interplay between adaptation and constraint across size ranges thus presents an interesting consideration for a mechanistically grounded investigation of mammalian cranial allometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rex Mitchell
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Emma Sherratt
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Vera Weisbecker
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
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Havens KL, Goldrod S, Mannen EM. The Combined Influence of Infant Carrying Method and Motherhood on Gait Mechanics. J Appl Biomech 2024; 40:105-111. [PMID: 37984353 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2023-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum mothers are susceptible to lumbopelvic pain which may be exacerbated by loading, like carrying their infant in arms and with baby carriers. Nulliparous women carrying infant mannequins may biomechanically mimic mother-infant dyad, but this has not been studied. The purpose of our study was to investigate biomechanical differences of 10 mothers carrying their infants and 10 nulliparous women carrying infant mannequins under 3 gait conditions: carrying nothing, carrying in arms, and carrying in a baby carrier (babywearing). Spatiotemporal gait parameters, peak ground reaction forces and impulses, and lower extremity and trunk kinematics were collected using motion capture and force plates and compared using a mixed 2 × 3 (parity × condition) analysis of variance (α ≤ .05). The largest differences occurred between carrying conditions: carrying in arms or babywearing increased vertical and anteroposterior ground reaction forces, trunk extension, ankle dorsiflexion, and hip and knee flexion. Kinematic differences were identified between arms and babywearing conditions. Together this suggests alterations in joint loading for both groups. Our study also contributes a novel understanding of postpartum health by demonstrating alterations in step time, anterior forces, and ankle and knee mechanics, suggesting that during gait, mothers carrying their own infants choose different propulsive strategies than nulliparous women carrying mannequins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Havens
- Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Goldrod
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Erin M Mannen
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
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Chai H, Russ J, Vardhaman S, Lim CH, Zhang Y. A Bilayer Method for Measuring Toughness and Strength of Dental Ceramics. J Dent Res 2024; 103:419-426. [PMID: 38410925 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231225445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing usage of ceramic materials in restorative dentistry necessitates a simple and effective method to evaluate flexural strength σF and fracture toughness KC. We propose a novel method to determine these quantities using a bilayer specimen composed of a brittle plate adhesively bonded onto a transparent polycarbonate substrate. When this bilayer structure is placed under spherical indentation, tunneling radial cracks initiate and propagate in the lower surface of the brittle layer. The failure analysis is based on previous theoretical relationships, which correlate σF with the indentation force P and layer thickness d, and KC with P and mean length of radial cracks. This work examines the accuracy and limitations of this approach using a wide range of contemporary dental ceramic materials. The effect of layer thickness, indenter radius, load level, and length and number of radial cracks are carefully examined. The accuracy of the predicted σF and KC is similar to those obtained with other concurrent test methods, such as biaxial flexure and 3-point bending (σF), and bending specimens with crack-initiation flaws (KC). The benefits of the present approach include treatment for small and thin plates, elimination of the need to introduce a precrack, and avoidance of dealing with local material nonlinearity effects for the KC measurements. Finally, the bilayer configuration resembles occlusal loading of a ceramic restoration (brittle layer) bonded to a posterior tooth (compliant substrate).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J Russ
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Vardhaman
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - C H Lim
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Tummala SV, Vij N, Glattke KE, Vaughn J, Brinkman JC, Winters J, Brennan A, Salehi H, Zhao S, Chhabra A, Tokish JM, Menzer H. Hamstring Tendon Autograft Is Associated With Increased Knee Valgus Moment After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Biomechanical Analysis. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:1220-1228. [PMID: 38476007 DOI: 10.1177/03635465241233705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence related to the effects of autograft type on functional performance after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS This study aimed to compare biomechanical outcomes during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) between patients with a hamstring tendon (HT) autograft, quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft with bone block, QT autograft without bone block, and bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft at 6 months postoperatively in an adolescent population. The authors' hypothesized there would be differences in DVJ biomechanics between athletes depending on the type of autograft used. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Patients aged 8 to 18 years who underwent primary ACLR were included for analysis. Kinematic and kinetic data collected during a DVJ using a 3-dimensional computerized marker system were assessed at 6 months after ACLR and compared with the uninjured contralateral limb. RESULTS A total of 155 participants were included. There were no significant differences in terms of age, sex, or affected leg (P≥ .1973) between groups. The HT group was significantly associated with a larger knee valgus moment at initial contact compared with the QT group (28 × 10-2 vs -35 × 10-2 N·m/kg, respectively; P = .0254) and a significantly larger maximum hip adduction moment compared with the QT with bone block group (30 × 10-2 vs -4 × 10-2 N·m/kg, respectively; P = .0426). Both the QT with bone block (-12 × 10-2 vs -3 × 10-2 N·m/kg, respectively; P = .0265) and QT (-13 × 10-2 vs -3 × 10-2 N·m/kg, respectively; P = .0459) groups demonstrated significantly decreased mean knee extension moments compared with the HT group. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that utilizing an HT autograft resulted in a significantly increased knee valgus moment at initial contact compared with a QT autograft without bone block at 6 months after ACLR in adolescent patients performing a DVJ. A QT autograft was found to be associated with significantly decreased extensor mechanism function compared with an HT autograft. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study adds unique kinematic and kinetic information regarding various ACLR autograft options and highlights the biomechanical deficits that should be taken into consideration in rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailesh V Tummala
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Neeraj Vij
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Kaycee E Glattke
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Joseph C Brinkman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Hadi Salehi
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Sixue Zhao
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Anikar Chhabra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - John M Tokish
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Pareja-Cano Á, Arjona JM, Caulfield B, Cuesta-Vargas A. Parameterization of Biomechanical Variables through Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) in Occasional Healthy Runners. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2191. [PMID: 38610402 PMCID: PMC11014260 DOI: 10.3390/s24072191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Running is one of the most popular sports practiced today and biomechanical variables are fundamental to understanding it. The main objectives of this study are to describe kinetic, kinematic, and spatiotemporal variables measured using four inertial measurement units (IMUs) in runners during treadmill running, investigate the relationships between these variables, and describe differences associated with different data sampling and averaging strategies. A total of 22 healthy recreational runners (M age = 28 ± 5.57 yrs) participated in treadmill measurements, running at their preferred speed (M = 10.1 ± 1.9 km/h) with a set-up of four IMUs placed on tibias and the lumbar area. Raw data was processed and analysed over selections spanning 30 s, 30 steps and 1 step. Very strong positive associations were obtained between the same family variables in all selections. The temporal variables were inversely associated with the step rate variable in the selection of 30 s and 30 steps of data. There were moderate associations between kinetic (forces) and kinematic (displacement) variables. There were no significant differences between the biomechanics variables in any selection. Our results suggest that a 4-IMU set-up, as presented in this study, is a viable approach for parameterization of the biomechanical variables in running, and also that there are no significant differences in the biomechanical variables studied independently, if we select data from 30 s, 30 steps or 1 step for processing and analysis. These results can assist in the methodological aspects of protocol design in future running research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Pareja-Cano
- Grupo Clinimetría en Fisioterapia (CTS 631), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (Á.P.-C.); (J.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma Bionand) Grupo Clinimetria (F-14), 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - José María Arjona
- Grupo Clinimetría en Fisioterapia (CTS 631), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (Á.P.-C.); (J.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma Bionand) Grupo Clinimetria (F-14), 29590 Málaga, Spain
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University Isabel I, 09003 Burgos, Spain
| | - Brian Caulfield
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports, University College Dublin, D04 C1P1 Dublin, Ireland;
- Insight Centre, University College Dublin, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Antonio Cuesta-Vargas
- Grupo Clinimetría en Fisioterapia (CTS 631), Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (Á.P.-C.); (J.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina (IBIMA Plataforma Bionand) Grupo Clinimetria (F-14), 29590 Málaga, Spain
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Marin Vargas A, Bisi A, Chiappa AS, Versteeg C, Miller LE, Mathis A. Task-driven neural network models predict neural dynamics of proprioception. Cell 2024; 187:1745-1761.e19. [PMID: 38518772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Proprioception tells the brain the state of the body based on distributed sensory neurons. Yet, the principles that govern proprioceptive processing are poorly understood. Here, we employ a task-driven modeling approach to investigate the neural code of proprioceptive neurons in cuneate nucleus (CN) and somatosensory cortex area 2 (S1). We simulated muscle spindle signals through musculoskeletal modeling and generated a large-scale movement repertoire to train neural networks based on 16 hypotheses, each representing different computational goals. We found that the emerging, task-optimized internal representations generalize from synthetic data to predict neural dynamics in CN and S1 of primates. Computational tasks that aim to predict the limb position and velocity were the best at predicting the neural activity in both areas. Since task optimization develops representations that better predict neural activity during active than passive movements, we postulate that neural activity in the CN and S1 is top-down modulated during goal-directed movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marin Vargas
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Axel Bisi
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alberto S Chiappa
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chris Versteeg
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lee E Miller
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alexander Mathis
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; NeuroX Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Penedo T, Kalva-Filho CA, Cursiol JA, Faria MH, Coelho DB, Barbieri FA. Spatial-temporal parameters during unobstructed walking in people with Parkinson's disease and healthy older people: a public data set. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1354738. [PMID: 38605861 PMCID: PMC11007149 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1354738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Penedo
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Kalva-Filho
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Jônatas Augusto Cursiol
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Murilo Henrique Faria
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Daniel Boari Coelho
- Center for Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
- Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Augusto Barbieri
- Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB), Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, Brazil
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Miqueleiz U, Aguado-Jimenez R, Lecumberri P, Garcia-Tabar I, Gorostiaga EM. Reliability of Xsens inertial measurement unit in measuring trunk accelerations: a sex-based differences study during incremental treadmill running. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1357353. [PMID: 38600906 PMCID: PMC11004309 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1357353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are utilized to measure trunk acceleration variables related to both running performances and rehabilitation purposes. This study examined both the reliability and sex-based differences of these variables during an incremental treadmill running test. Methods Eighteen endurance runners performed a test-retest on different days, and 30 runners (15 females) were recruited to analyze sex-based differences. Mediolateral (ML) and vertical (VT) trunk displacement and root mean square (RMS) accelerations were analyzed at 9, 15, and 21 km·h-1. Results No significant differences were found between test-retests [effect size (ES)<0.50)]. Higher intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were found in the trunk displacement (0.85-0.96) compared to the RMS-based variables (0.71-0.94). Male runners showed greater VT displacement (ES = 0.90-1.0), while female runners displayed greater ML displacement, RMS ML and anteroposterior (AP), and resultant euclidean scalar (RES) (ES = 0.83-1.9). Discussion The IMU was found reliable for the analysis of the studied trunk acceleration-based variables. This is the first study that reports different results concerning acceleration (RMS) and trunk displacement variables for a same axis in the analysis of sex-based differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unai Miqueleiz
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Studies, Research and Sports Medicine Centre (CEIMD), Government of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Lecumberri
- Department of Mathematics, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ibai Garcia-Tabar
- Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Esteban M. Gorostiaga
- Studies, Research and Sports Medicine Centre (CEIMD), Government of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
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