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Alva R, Wiebe JE, Stuart JA. The effect of baseline O 2 conditions on the response of prostate cancer cells to hypoxia. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38646786 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00155.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The transcriptional response to hypoxia is largely regulated by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which induce the expression of genes involved in glycolysis, angiogenesis, proliferation, and migration. Virtually all cell culture-based hypoxia experiments have used near-atmospheric (18% O2) oxygen levels as baseline for comparison to hypoxia. However, this is hyperoxic compared to mammalian tissue microenvironments, where oxygen levels range from 2-9% O2 (physioxia). Thus, these experiments actually compare hyperoxia to hypoxia. To determine how the baseline O2 level affects the subsequent response to hypoxia, we cultured PC-3 prostate cancer cells in either 18% or 5% O2 for two weeks prior to exposing them to hypoxia (~1.1% pericellular O2) for 12-48 h. RNA-seq revealed that the transcriptional response to hypoxia was dependent on the baseline O2 level. Cells grown in 18% O2 prior to hypoxia exposure showed an enhanced induction of HIF targets, particularly genes involved in glucose metabolism, compared to cells grown in physioxia prior to hypoxia. Consistent with this, hypoxia significantly increased glucose consumption and metabolic activity only in cells previously cultured in 18% O2, but not in cells preadapted to 5% O2. Transcriptomic analyses also indicated effects on cell proliferation and motility, which were followed up by functional assays. While unaffected by hypoxia, both proliferation and migration rates were greater in cells cultured in 5% O2 versus 18% O2. We conclude that an inappropriately hyperoxic starting condition affects the transcriptional and metabolic responses of PC-3 cells to hypoxia, which may compromise experiments on cancer metabolism in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Alva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacob E Wiebe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Stuart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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2
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Bittencourt DMDC, Brown DM, Assad-Garcia N, Romero MR, Sun L, Palhares de Melo LAM, Freire M, Glass JI. Minimal Bacterial Cell JCVI-syn3B as a Chassis to Investigate Interactions between Bacteria and Mammalian Cells. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1128-1141. [PMID: 38507598 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Mycoplasmas are atypical bacteria with small genomes that necessitate colonization of their respective animal or plant hosts as obligate parasites, whether as pathogens, or commensals. Some can grow axenically in specialized complex media yet show only host-cell-dependent growth in cell culture, where they can survive chronically and often through interactions involving surface colonization or internalization. To develop a mycoplasma-based system to identify genes mediating such interactions, we exploited genetically tractable strains of the goat pathogen Mycoplasma mycoides (Mmc) with synthetic designer genomes representing the complete natural organism (minus virulence factors; JCVI-syn1.0) or its reduced counterpart (JCVI-syn3B) containing only those genes supporting axenic growth. By measuring growth of surviving organisms, physical association with cultured human cells (HEK-293T, HeLa), and induction of phagocytosis by human myeloid cells (dHL-60), we determined that JCVI-syn1.0 contained a set of eight genes (MMSYN1-0179 to MMSYN1-0186, dispensable for axenic growth) conferring survival, attachment, and phagocytosis phenotypes. JCVI-syn3B lacked these phenotypes, but insertion of these genes restored cell attachment and phagocytosis, although not survival. These results indicate that JCVI-syn3B may be a powerful living platform to analyze the role of specific gene sets, from any organism, on the interaction with diverse mammalian cells in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Matias de C Bittencourt
- The J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology/National Institute of Science and Technology - Synthetic Biology, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte (final), Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil
| | - David M Brown
- The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Suite 150, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Nacyra Assad-Garcia
- The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9605 Medical Center Drive, Suite 150, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Michaela R Romero
- The J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lijie Sun
- The J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Luis Alberto M Palhares de Melo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology/National Institute of Science and Technology - Synthetic Biology, Parque Estação Biológica, PqEB, Av. W5 Norte (final), Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Freire
- The J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - John I Glass
- The J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Gola C, Maniscalco L, Iussich S, Morello E, Olimpo M, Martignani E, Accornero P, Giacobino D, Mazzone E, Modesto P, Varello K, Aresu L, De Maria R. Hypoxia-associated markers in the prognosis of oral canine melanoma. Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241244853. [PMID: 38613423 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241244853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Canine oral malignant melanoma (COMM) is the most common neoplasm in the oral cavity characterized by local invasiveness and high metastatic potential. Hypoxia represents a crucial feature of the solid tumor microenvironment promoting cancer progression and drug resistance. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and its downstream effectors, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), glucose transporter isoform 1 (GLUT1), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), are the main regulators of the adaptive response to low oxygen availability. The prognostic value of these markers was evaluated in 36 COMMs using immunohistochemistry. In addition, the effects of cobalt chloride-mediated hypoxia were evaluated in 1 primary COMM cell line. HIF-1α expression was observed in the nucleus, and this localization correlated with the presence or enhanced expression of HIF-1α-regulated genes at the protein level. Multivariate analysis revealed that in dogs given chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-4 (CSPG4) DNA vaccine, COMMs expressing HIF-1α, VEGF-A, and CXCR4 were associated with shorter disease-free intervals (DFI) compared with tumors that were negative for these markers (P = .03), suggesting hypoxia can influence immunotherapy response. Western blotting showed that, under chemically induced hypoxia, COMM cells accumulate HIF-1α and smaller amounts of CAIX. HIF-1α induction and stabilization triggered by hypoxia was corroborated by immunofluorescence, showing its nuclear translocation. These findings reinforce the role of an hypoxic microenvironment in tumor progression and patient outcome in COMM, as previously established in several human and canine cancers. In addition, hypoxic markers may represent promising prognostic markers, highlighting opportunities for their use in therapeutic strategies for COMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Gola
- University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paola Modesto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Aresu
- University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
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Skelton ML, Gentry JL, Astrab LR, Goedert JA, Earl EB, Pham EL, Bhat T, Caliari SR. Modular Multiwell Viscoelastic Hydrogel Platform for Two- and Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 38608136 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels have gained significant popularity as model platforms to study reciprocal interactions between cells and their microenvironment. While hydrogel tools to probe many characteristics of the extracellular space have been developed, fabrication approaches remain challenging and time-consuming, limiting multiplexing or widespread adoption. Thus, we have developed a modular fabrication approach to generate distinct hydrogel microenvironments within the same 96-well plate for increased throughput of fabrication as well as integration with existing high-throughput assay technologies. This approach enables in situ hydrogel mechanical characterization and is used to generate both elastic and viscoelastic hydrogels across a range of stiffnesses. Additionally, this fabrication method enabled a 3-fold reduction in polymer and up to an 8-fold reduction in fabrication time required per hydrogel replicate. The feasibility of this platform for two-dimensional (2D) cell culture applications was demonstrated by measuring both population-level and single-cell-level metrics via microplate reader and high-content imaging. Finally, a 96-well hydrogel array was utilized for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, demonstrating the ability to support high cell viability. Together, this work demonstrates a versatile and easily adaptable fabrication approach that can support the ever-expanding tool kit of hydrogel technologies for cell culture applications.
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Salgania HK, Metz J, Jeske M. ReLo is a simple and rapid colocalization assay to identify and characterize direct protein-protein interactions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2875. [PMID: 38570497 PMCID: PMC10991417 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The characterization of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is fundamental to the understanding of biochemical processes. Many methods have been established to identify and study direct PPIs; however, screening and investigating PPIs involving large or poorly soluble proteins remains challenging. Here, we introduce ReLo, a simple, rapid, and versatile cell culture-based method for detecting and investigating interactions in a cellular context. Our experiments demonstrate that ReLo specifically detects direct binary PPIs. Furthermore, we show that ReLo bridging experiments can also be used to determine the binding topology of subunits within multiprotein complexes. In addition, ReLo facilitates the identification of protein domains that mediate complex formation, allows screening for interfering point mutations, and it is sensitive to drugs that mediate or disrupt an interaction. In summary, ReLo is a simple and rapid alternative for the study of PPIs, especially when studying structurally complex proteins or when established methods fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur Salgania
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jutta Metz
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mandy Jeske
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Aguiar VCPF, Bezerra RDN, Dos Santos KW, Gonçalves IDS, Costa KJSG, Lauda DP, Campos TMB, do Prado RF, de Vasconcellos LMR, de Oliveira IR. Development and characterization of ceramic-polymeric hybrid scaffolds for bone regeneration: incorporating of bioactive glass BG-58S into PDLLA matrix. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38569077 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2334981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a notable surge of interest in hybrid materials within the biomedical field, particularly for applications in bone repair and regeneration. Ceramic-polymeric hybrid scaffolds have shown promising outcomes. This study aimed to synthesize bioactive glass (BG-58S) for integration into a bioresorbable polymeric matrix based on PDLLA, aiming to create a bioactive scaffold featuring stable pH levels. The synthesis involved a thermally induced phase separation process followed by lyophilization to ensure an appropriate porous structure. BG-58S characterization revealed vitreous, bioactive, and mesoporous structural properties. The scaffolds were analyzed for morphology, interconnectivity, chemical groups, porosity and pore size distribution, zeta potential, pH, in vitro degradation, as well as cell viability tests, total protein content and mineralization nodule production. The PDLLA scaffold displayed a homogeneous morphology with interconnected macropores, while the hybrid scaffold exhibited a heterogeneous morphology with smaller diameter pores due to BG-58S filling. The hybrid scaffold also demonstrated a pH buffering effect on the polymer surface. In addition to structural characteristics, degradation tests indicated that by incorporating BG-58S modified the acidic degradation of the polymer, allowing for increased total protein production and the formation of mineralization nodules, indicating a positive influence on cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Cristina Pêgo Fiebig Aguiar
- Characterization and Processing Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Institute for Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Kennedy Wallace Dos Santos
- Characterization and Processing Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Institute for Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Selaz - Industry and Commercialization of Biomechanical Devices, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Dos Santos Gonçalves
- Characterization and Processing Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Institute for Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo Ponte Lauda
- Selaz - Industry and Commercialization of Biomechanical Devices, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Moreira Bastos Campos
- Laboratório de Plasma e Processos, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica. Laboratório, São José dos Campos. Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, CEP, Brasil
| | - Renata Falchete do Prado
- Institute of Science and Technology, Paulista State University, Francisco José Longo, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP, Brazil
| | | | - Ivone Regina de Oliveira
- Characterization and Processing Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Institute for Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fromager B, Cambedouzou J, Marhuenda E, Iskratsch T, Pinault M, Bakalara N, Cornu D. Tunable electrospun scaffolds of polyacrylonitrile loaded with carbon nanotubes: from synthesis to biological applications. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300768. [PMID: 38353030 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Growing cells in a biomimetic environment is critical for tissue engineering as well as for studying the cell biology underlying disease mechanisms. To this aim a range of 3D matrices have been developed, from hydrogels to decellularized matrices. They need to mimic the extracellular matrix to ensure the optimal growth and function of cells. Electrospinning has gained in popularity due to its capacity to individually tune chemistry and mechanical properties and as such influence cell attachment, differentiation or maturation. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) derived electrospun fibres scaffolds have shown exciting potential due to reports of mechanical tunability and biocompatibility. Building on previous work we fabricate here a range of PAN fibre scaffolds with different concentrations of carbon nanotubes. We characterize them in-depth in respect to their structure, surface chemistry and mechanical properties, using scanning electron microscopy, image processing, ultramicrotomic transmission electron microscopy, x-ray nanotomography, infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation. Together the data demonstrate this approach to enable finetuning the mechanical properties, while keeping the structure and chemistry unaltered and hence offering ideal properties for comparative studies of the cellular mechanobiology. Finally, we confirm the biocompatibility of the scaffolds using primary rat cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle (A7r5) and myoblast (C2C12) cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Fromager
- IEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, cc047 Pl. E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Cambedouzou
- IEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, cc047 Pl. E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Marhuenda
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University Of London, 327 Mile End Rd, Bethnal Green, London, E1 4NS, Royaume-Uni
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University Of London, 327 Mile End Rd, Bethnal Green, London, E1 4NS, Royaume-Uni
| | - Mathieu Pinault
- Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE,LEDNA, F-91191, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Norbert Bakalara
- CNRS, ENSTBB-Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - David Cornu
- IEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, cc047 Pl. E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
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Bae SJ, Lee SJ, Im DJ. Simultaneous Separating, Splitting, Collecting, and Dispensing by Droplet Pinch-Off for Droplet Cell Culture. Small 2024; 20:e2309062. [PMID: 38009759 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous separating, splitting, collecting, and dispensing a cell suspension droplet has been demonstrated by aspiration and subsequent droplet pinch-off for use in microfluidic droplet cell culture systems. This method is applied to cell manipulations including aliquots and concentrations of microalgal and mammalian cell suspensions. Especially, medium exchange of spheroid droplets is successfully demonstrated by collecting more than 99% of all culture medium without damaging the spheroids, demonstrating its potential for a 3D cell culture system. Through dimensional analysis and systematic parametric studies, it is found that initial mother droplet size together with aspiration flow rate determines three droplet pinch-off regimes. By observing contact angle changes during aspiration, the difference in the large and the small droplet pinch-off can be quantitatively explained using force balance. It is found that the capillary number plays a significant role in droplet pinch-off, but the Bond number and the Ohnesorge number have minor effects. Since the dispensed droplet size is mainly determined by the capillary number, the dispensed droplet size can be controlled simply by adjusting the aspiration flow rate. It is hoped that this method can contribute to various fields using droplets, such as droplet cell culture and digital microfluidics, beyond the generation of small droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Jun Bae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, (48513) 45, Korea
| | - Seon Jun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, (48513) 45, Korea
| | - Do Jin Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, (48513) 45, Korea
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Goldsmith RS, Tsan YC, Scissors RE, Helms AS, Brody MJ. In Vitro Assessment of Cardiac Fibroblast Activation at Physiologic Stiffness. Curr Protoc 2024; 4:e1025. [PMID: 38600839 PMCID: PMC11013569 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CF) are an essential cell type in cardiac physiology, playing diverse roles in maintaining structural integrity, extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, and tissue repair. Under normal conditions, these cells reside in the interstitium in a quiescent state poised to sense and respond to injury by synthesizing and secreting collagen, vimentin, hyaluronan, and other ECM components. In response to mechanical and chemical stimuli, these "resident" fibroblasts can undergo a transformation through a continuum of activation states into what is commonly known as a "myofibroblast," in a process critical for injury response. Despite progress in understanding the contribution of fibroblasts to cardiac health and disease, much remains unknown about the signaling mediating this activation, in part owing to technical challenges in evaluating CF function and activation status in vitro. Given their role in monitoring the ECM, CFs are acutely sensitive to stiffness and pressure. High basal activation of isolated CFs is common due to the super-physiologic stiffness of traditional cell culture substrates, making assays dependent on quiescent cells challenging. To overcome this problem, cell culture parameters must be tightly controlled, and the use of dishes coated with biocompatible reduced-stiffness substrates, such as 8-kPa polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), has shown promise in reducing basal activation of fibroblasts. Here, we describe cell culture protocol for maintaining CF quiescence in vitro to enable a dynamic range for the assessment of activation status in response to fibrogenic stimuli using PDMS-coated coverslips. Our protocol provides a cost-effective tool to study fibroblast signaling and activity, allowing researchers to better understand the underlying mechanisms involved in cardiac fibrosis. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Generation of 8-kPa polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/gelatin-coated coverslips for cardiac fibroblast cell culture Basic Protocol 2: Isolation of adult cardiac fibroblasts and plating onto PDMS coverslips Basic Protocol 3: Assessment of cardiac fibroblast activation by α smooth muscle actin (αSMA) immunocytochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yao-Chang Tsan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rachel E Scissors
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Adam S Helms
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Matthew J Brody
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Liu T, Gu J, Fu C, Su L. Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Intestinal Cell Culture: Fabrication, Utilization, and Prospects. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2024; 30:158-175. [PMID: 37646409 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The intestine is a visceral organ that integrates absorption, metabolism, and immunity, which is vulnerable to external stimulus. Researchers in the fields such as food science, immunology, and pharmacology have committed to developing appropriate in vitro intestinal cell models to study the intestinal absorption and metabolism mechanisms of various nutrients and drugs, or pathogenesis of intestinal diseases. In the past three decades, the intestinal cell models have undergone a significant transformation from conventional two-dimensional cultures to three-dimensional (3D) systems, and the achievements of 3D cell culture have been greatly contributed by the fabrication of different scaffolds. In this review, we first introduce the developing trend of existing intestinal models. Then, four types of scaffolds, including Transwell, hydrogel, tubular scaffolds, and intestine-on-a-chip, are discussed for their 3D structure, composition, advantages, and limitations in the establishment of intestinal cell models. Excitingly, some of the in vitro intestinal cell models based on these scaffolds could successfully mimic the 3D structure, microenvironment, mechanical peristalsis, fluid system, signaling gradients, or other important aspects of the original human intestine. Furthermore, we discuss the potential applications of the intestinal cell models in drug screening, disease modeling, and even regenerative repair of intestinal tissues. This review presents an overview of state-of-the-art scaffold-based cell models within the context of intestines, and highlights their major advances and applications contributing to a better knowledge of intestinal diseases. Impact statement The intestine tract is crucial in the absorption and metabolism of nutrients and drugs, as well as immune responses against external pathogens or antigens in a complex microenvironment. The appropriate experimental cell model in vitro is needed for in-depth studies of intestines, due to the limitation of animal models in dynamic control and real-time assessment of key intestinal physiological and pathological processes, as well as the "R" principles in laboratory animal experiments. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffold-based cell cultivation has become a developing tendency because of the superior cell proliferation and differentiation and more physiologically relevant environment supported by the customized 3D scaffolds. In this review, we summarize four types of up-to-date 3D cell culture scaffolds fabricated by various materials and techniques for a better recapitulation of some essential physiological and functional characteristics of original intestines compared to conventional cell models. These emerging 3D intestinal models have shown promising results in not only evaluating the pharmacokinetic characteristics, security, and effectiveness of drugs, but also studying the pathological mechanisms of intestinal diseases at cellular and molecular levels. Importantly, the weakness of the representative 3D models for intestines is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia Gu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Caili Fu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingshan Su
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Haskell A, White BP, Rogers RE, Goebel E, Lopez MG, Syvyk AE, de Oliveira DA, Barreda HA, Benton J, Benavides OR, Dalal S, Bae E, Zhang Y, Maitland K, Nikolov Z, Liu F, Lee RH, Kaunas R, Gregory CA. Scalable manufacture of therapeutic mesenchymal stromal cell products on customizable microcarriers in vertical wheel bioreactors that improve direct visualization, product harvest, and cost. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:372-382. [PMID: 38363250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) and their secreted products show great promise for treatment of musculoskeletal injury and inflammatory or immune diseases. However, the path to clinical utilization is hampered by donor-tissue variation and the inability to manufacture clinically relevant yields of cells or their products in a cost-effective manner. Previously we described a method to produce chemically and mechanically customizable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) microcarriers for culture of hMSCs. Herein, we demonstrate scalable GelMA microcarrier-mediated expansion of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived hMSCs (ihMSCs) in 500 mL and 3L vertical wheel bioreactors, offering several advantages over conventional microcarrier and monolayer-based expansion strategies. METHODS Human mesenchymal stromal cells derived from induced pluripotent cells were cultured on custom-made spherical gelatin methacryloyl microcarriers in single-use vertical wheel bioreactors (PBS Biotech). Cell-laden microcarriers were visualized using confocal microscopy and elastic light scattering methodologies. Cells were assayed for viability and differentiation potential in vitro by standard methods. Osteogenic cell matrix derived from cells was tested in vitro for osteogenic healing using a rodent calvarial defect assay. Immune modulation was assayed with an in vivo peritonitis model using Zymozan A. RESULTS The optical properties of GelMA microcarriers permit noninvasive visualization of cells with elastic light scattering modalities, and harvest of product is streamlined by microcarrier digestion. At volumes above 500 mL, the process is significantly more cost-effective than monolayer culture. Osteogenic cell matrix derived from ihMSCs expanded on GelMA microcarriers exhibited enhanced in vivo bone regenerative capacity when compared to bone morphogenic protein 2, and the ihMSCs exhibited superior immunosuppressive properties in vivo when compared to monolayer-generated ihMSCs. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the cell expansion strategy described here represents a superior approach for efficient generation, monitoring and harvest of therapeutic MSCs and their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Haskell
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Berkley P White
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Robert E Rogers
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Erin Goebel
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Megan G Lopez
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew E Syvyk
- National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Daniela A de Oliveira
- National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Heather A Barreda
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua Benton
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Oscar R Benavides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sujata Dalal
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - EunHye Bae
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Kristen Maitland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Imaging Program, Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Zivko Nikolov
- National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Ryang Hwa Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Roland Kaunas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
| | - Carl A Gregory
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA.
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12
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Yan X, Bao X, Cheng S, Ba Q, Chang J, Zhou K, Yan X. Anti-aging and rejuvenating effects and mechanism of Dead Sea water in skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024; 46:307-317. [PMID: 38212954 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE External environmental stressors and internal factors have a significant impact on the skin, causing inflammation, aging, reduced immunity and other adverse responses. Dead Sea Water (DSW) is well known for its dermatological benefits and has been widely used in dermatological therapy and skin care for conditions such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and photoaging. However, the anti-aging and rejuvenating effects of DSW and the related biological pathways involved, which have attracted increasing attention, are not fully understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-aging and rejuvenating effects of DSW and to explore the related potential biological mechanisms of DSW under different environmental conditions. METHODS The effects of DSW were investigated using in vitro human dermal cells and reconstructed skin models. Extracellular matrix (ECM) components and the morphological changes at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) in a 3D human skin model were evaluated after DSW treatment. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of human dermal fibroblast models after DSW treatment was performed to explore the potential mechanisms of action of DSW under normal and UV stress conditions. RESULTS The novel findings in this work present the biological functions of DSW, including procollagen-1 and elastin secretion, hemidesmosome increase and the epidermal basal cell regeneration. In addition, GO, KEGG and Reactome analyses reveal the activation of pathways related to ion transmembrane transporter activity, ECM component biosynthesis, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), DNA repair and autophagy, which are associated with the anti-aging activities of DSW. CONCLUSION Our work provides new perspectives for understanding the anti-aging and rejuvenating effects and mechanisms of DSW. The new findings also provide a theoretical basis for the further development of age-related strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Yan
- Department of Fundamental Research, Fosun Cosmetics (Shanghai) Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xijun Bao
- Department of Fundamental Research, Fosun Cosmetics (Shanghai) Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujun Cheng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Ba
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junzhuang Chang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kanghui Zhou
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiufang Yan
- Department of Fundamental Research, Fosun Cosmetics (Shanghai) Bio-Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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13
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Alavizargar A, Gass M, Krahn MP, Heuer A. Elucidating the Membrane Binding Process of a Disordered Protein: Dynamic Interplay of Anionic Lipids and the Polybasic Region. ACS Phys Chem Au 2024; 4:167-179. [PMID: 38560754 PMCID: PMC10979486 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered regions of proteins are responsible for many biological processes such as in the case of liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-a serine/threonine kinase relevant for cell proliferation and cell polarity. LKB1 becomes fully activated upon recruitment to the plasma membrane by binding of its disordered C-terminal polybasic motif consisting of eight lysines/arginines to phospholipids. Here, we present extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the polybasic motif interacting with a model membrane composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleyl phosphatidic acid (PA) and cell culture experiments. Protein-membrane binding effects are due to the electrostatic interactions between the polybasic amino acids and PAs. For significant binding, the first three lysines turn out to be dispensable, which was also recapitulated in cell culture using transfected GFP-LKB1 variants. LKB1-membrane binding results in nonmonotonous changes in the structure of the protein as well as the membrane, in particular, accumulation of PAs and reduced thickness at the protein-membrane contact area. The protein-lipid binding turns out to be highly dynamic due to an interplay of PA-PA repulsion and protein-PA attraction. The thermodynamics of this interplay is captured by a statistical fluctuation model, which allows the estimation of both energies. Quantification of the significance of each polar amino acid in the polybasic provides detailed insights into the molecular mechanism of protein-membrane binding of LKB1. These results can likely be transferred to other proteins, which interact by intrinsically disordered polybasic regions with anionic membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Alavizargar
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Maximilian Gass
- Medical
Cell Biology, Medical Clinic D, University
Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1-A14, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael P. Krahn
- Medical
Cell Biology, Medical Clinic D, University
Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1-A14, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Heuer
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
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14
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Lizonova D, Trivanovic U, Demokritou P, Kelesidis GA. Dispersion and Dosimetric Challenges of Hydrophobic Carbon-Based Nanoparticles in In Vitro Cellular Studies. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:589. [PMID: 38607123 PMCID: PMC11013865 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Methodologies across the dispersion preparation, characterization, and cellular dosimetry of hydrophilic nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed and used extensively in the field of nanotoxicology. However, hydrophobic NPs pose a challenge for dispersion in aqueous culture media using conventional methods that include sonication followed by mixing in the culture medium of interest and cellular dosimetry. In this study, a robust methodology for the preparation of stable dispersions of hydrophobic NPs for cellular studies is developed by introducing continuous energy over time via stirring in the culture medium followed by dispersion characterization and cellular dosimetry. The stirring energy and the presence of proteins in the culture medium result in the formation of a protein corona around the NPs, stabilizing their dispersion, which can be used for in vitro cellular studies. The identification of the optimal stirring time is crucial for achieving dispersion and stability. This is assessed through a comprehensive stability testing protocol employing dynamic light scattering to evaluate the particle size distribution stability and polydispersity. Additionally, the effective density of the NPs is obtained for the stable NP dispersions using the volumetric centrifugation method, while cellular dosimetry calculations are done using available cellular computational modeling, mirroring approaches used for hydrophilic NPs. The robustness of the proposed dispersion approach is showcased using a highly hydrophobic NP model (black carbon NPs) and two culture media, RPMI medium and SABM, that are widely used in cellular studies. The proposed approach for the dispersion of hydrophobic NPs results in stable dispersions in both culture media used here. The NP effective density of 1.03-1.07 g/cm3 measured here for black carbon NPs is close to the culture media density, resulting in slow deposition on the cells over time. So, the present methodology for dispersion and dosimetry of hydrophobic NPs is essential for the design of dose-response studies and overcoming the challenges imposed by slow particle deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Lizonova
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center (NAMC), Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Una Trivanovic
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center (NAMC), Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Georgios A. Kelesidis
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center (NAMC), Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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15
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Kosmerl E, Miller C, Jiménez-Flores R. Preventative Effects of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Ingredients on DSS-Induced Mucosal Injury in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2024; 16:954. [PMID: 38612988 PMCID: PMC11013169 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The goblet cells of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) produce glycoproteins called mucins that form a protective barrier from digestive contents and external stimuli. Recent evidence suggests that the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and its milk phospholipid component (MPL) can benefit the GIT through improving barrier function. Our objective was to compare the effects of two digested MFGM ingredients with or without dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced barrier stress on mucin proteins. Co-cultured Caco-2/HT29-MTX intestinal cells were treated with in vitro digests of 2%, 5%, and 10% (w/v) MFGM or MPL alone for 6 h or followed by challenge with 2.5% DSS (6 h). Transepithelial electrical resistance and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran (FD4) permeability measurements were used to measure changes in barrier integrity. Mucin characterization was performed using a combination of slot blotting techniques for secreted (MUC5AC, MUC2) and transmembrane (MUC3A, MUC1) mucins, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and periodic acid Schiff (PAS)/Alcian blue staining. Digested MFGM and MPL prevented a DSS-induced reduction in secreted mucins, which corresponded to the prevention of DSS-induced increases in FD4 permeability. SEM and PAS/Alcian blue staining showed similar visual trends for secreted mucin production. A predictive bioinformatic approach was also used to identify potential KEGG pathways involved in MFGM-mediated mucosal maintenance under colitis conditions. This preliminary in silico evidence, combined with our in vitro findings, suggests the role of MFGM in inducing repair and maintenance of the mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Jiménez-Flores
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.K.); (C.M.)
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16
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Dong N, Jiang B, Chang Y, Wang Y, Xue C. Integrated Omics Approach: Revealing the Mechanism of Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa Protein Extract Replacing Fetal Bovine Serum for Fish Muscle Cell Culture. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:6064-6076. [PMID: 38465450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The process of producing cell-cultured meat involves utilizing a significant amount of culture medium, including fetal bovine serum (FBS), which represents a considerable portion of production expense while also raising environmental and safety concerns. This study demonstrated that supplementation with Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa protein extract (APE) under low-serum conditions substantially increased Carassius auratus muscle (CAM) cell proliferation and heightened the expression of Myf5 compared to the absence of APE. An integrated intracellular metabolomics and proteomics analysis revealed a total of 13 and 67 differentially expressed metabolites and proteins, respectively, after supplementation with APE in the medium containing 5%FBS, modulating specific metabolism and signaling pathways, which explained the application of APE for passage cell culture under low-serum conditions. Further analysis revealed that the bioactive factors in the APE were protein components. Moreover, CAM cells cultured in reconstructed serum-free media containing APE, l-ascorbic acid, insulin, transferrin, selenium, and ethanolamine exhibited significantly accelerated growth in a scale-up culture. These findings suggest a promising alternative to FBS for fish muscle cell culture that can help reduce production costs and environmental impact in the production of cultured meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Bingxue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Yaoguang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
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17
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Gao Y, Zhong M, Yu J, Zhao Z, Yu C, Yu Q, Yao F, Li J, Zhang H. Large-Scale Fabrication of Freestanding Polymer Ultrathin Porous Membranes for Transparent Transwell Coculture Systems. ACS Nano 2024; 18:8168-8179. [PMID: 38437515 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in cell coculture systems with porous membranes have facilitated the simulation of human-like in vitro microenvironments for diverse biomedical applications. However, conventional Transwell membranes face limitations in low porosity (ca. 6%) and optical opacity due to their large thickness (ca. 10 μm). In this study, we demonstrated a one-step, large-scale fabrication of freestanding polymer ultrathin porous (PUP) membranes with thicknesses of hundreds of nanometers. PUP membranes were produced by using a gap-controlled bar-coating process combined with polymer blend phase separation. They are 20 times thinner than Transwell membranes, possessing 3-fold higher porosity and exhibiting high transparency. These membranes demonstrate outstanding molecular permeability and significantly reduce the cell-cell distance, thereby facilitating efficient signal exchange pathways between cells. This research enables the establishment of a cutting-edge in vitro cell coculture system, enhancing optical transparency, and streamlining the large-scale manufacturing of porous membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mengyao Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiajun Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chaojie Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qingyu Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Fanglian Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Junjie Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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18
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Pulfer A, Pizzagalli DU, Gagliardi PA, Hinderling L, Lopez P, Zayats R, Carrillo-Barberà P, Antonello P, Palomino-Segura M, Grädel B, Nicolai M, Giusti A, Thelen M, Gambardella LM, Murooka TT, Pertz O, Krause R, Gonzalez SF. Transformer-based spatial-temporal detection of apoptotic cell death in live-cell imaging. eLife 2024; 12:RP90502. [PMID: 38497754 PMCID: PMC10948145 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy has revolutionized live-cell imaging by allowing the study of spatial-temporal cell dynamics in living animals. However, the complexity of the data generated by this technology has limited the development of effective computational tools to identify and quantify cell processes. Amongst them, apoptosis is a crucial form of regulated cell death involved in tissue homeostasis and host defense. Live-cell imaging enabled the study of apoptosis at the cellular level, enhancing our understanding of its spatial-temporal regulation. However, at present, no computational method can deliver robust detection of apoptosis in microscopy timelapses. To overcome this limitation, we developed ADeS, a deep learning-based apoptosis detection system that employs the principle of activity recognition. We trained ADeS on extensive datasets containing more than 10,000 apoptotic instances collected both in vitro and in vivo, achieving a classification accuracy above 98% and outperforming state-of-the-art solutions. ADeS is the first method capable of detecting the location and duration of multiple apoptotic events in full microscopy timelapses, surpassing human performance in the same task. We demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of ADeS across various imaging modalities, cell types, and staining techniques. Finally, we employed ADeS to quantify cell survival in vitro and tissue damage in mice, demonstrating its potential application in toxicity assays, treatment evaluation, and inflammatory dynamics. Our findings suggest that ADeS is a valuable tool for the accurate detection and quantification of apoptosis in live-cell imaging and, in particular, intravital microscopy data, providing insights into the complex spatial-temporal regulation of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Pulfer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USILuganoSwitzerland
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Diego Ulisse Pizzagalli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USILuganoSwitzerland
- Euler Institute, USILuganoSwitzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Pau Carrillo-Barberà
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USILuganoSwitzerland
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Paola Antonello
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USILuganoSwitzerland
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Benjamin Grädel
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Alessandro Giusti
- Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence, IDSIALuganoSwitzerland
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USILuganoSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Olivier Pertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of BernBernSwitzerland
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19
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Wu Y, Sun J, Wang W, Wang Y, Friedrich RE. How to make full use of dental pulp stem cells: an optimized cell culture method based on explant technology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1324049. [PMID: 38562666 PMCID: PMC10982513 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1324049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental pulp stem cells from humans possess self-renewal and versatile differentiation abilities. These cells, known as DPSC, are promising for tissue engineering due to their outstanding biological characteristics and ease of access without significant donor site trauma. Existing methods for isolating DPSC mainly include enzyme digestion and explant techniques. Compared with the enzymatic digestion technique, the outgrowth method is less prone to cell damage and loss during the operation, which is essential for DPSC with fewer tissue sources. Methods In order to maximize the amount of stem cells harvested while reducing the cost of DPSC culture, the feasibility of the optimized explant technique was evaluated in this experiment. Cell morphology, minimum cell emergence time, the total amount of cells harvested, cell survival, and proliferative and differentiation capacity of DPSC obtained with different numbers of explant attachments (A1-A5) were evaluated. Results There was a reduction in the survival rate of the cells in groups A2-A5, and the amount of harvested DPSC decreased in A3-A5 groups, but the DPSC harvested in groups A1-A4 had similar proliferative and differentiation abilities. However, starting from group A5, the survival rate, proliferation and differentiation ability of DPSC decreased significantly, and the adipogenic trend of the cells became more apparent, indicating that the cells had begun to enter the senescence state. Discussion The results of our study demonstrated that the DPSC obtained by the optimized explant method up to 4 times had reliable biological properties and is available for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital (Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
- The Department of Preventive Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiangling Sun
- Department of Science and Education, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, Guiyang, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wang Wang
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yao Wang
- The Department of Preventive Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Reinhard E Friedrich
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Pérez-Rubio P, Lavado-García J, Bosch-Molist L, Romero EL, Cervera L, Gòdia F. Extracellular vesicle depletion and UGCG overexpression mitigate the cell density effect in HEK293 cell culture transfection. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101190. [PMID: 38327808 PMCID: PMC10847930 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The hitherto unexplained reduction of cell-specific productivity in transient gene expression (TGE) at high cell density (HCD) is known as the cell density effect (CDE). It currently represents a major challenge in TGE-based bioprocess intensification. This phenomenon has been largely reported, but the molecular principles governing it are still unclear. The CDE is currently understood to be caused by the combination of an unknown inhibitory compound in the extracellular medium and an uncharacterized cellular change at HCD. This study investigates the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as extracellular inhibitors for transfection through the production of HIV-1 Gag virus-like particles (VLPs) via transient transfection in HEK293 cells. EV depletion from the extracellular medium restored transfection efficiency in conditions that suffer from the CDE, also enhancing VLP budding and improving production by 60%. Moreover, an alteration in endosomal formation was observed at HCD, sequestering polyplexes and preventing transfection. Overexpression of UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase (UGCG) enzyme removed intracellular polyplex sequestration, improving transfection efficiency. Combining EV depletion and UGCG overexpression improved transfection efficiency by ∼45% at 12 × 106 cells/mL. These results suggest that the interaction between polyplexes and extracellular and intracellular vesicles plays a crucial role in the CDE, providing insights for the development of strategies to mitigate its impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Pérez-Rubio
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Lavado-García
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Bosch-Molist
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elianet Lorenzo Romero
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Bioprocessos i Biocatàlisi Aplicada, Escola d’Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Ito T, Lutz H, Tan L, Wang B, Tan J, Patel M, Chen L, Tsunakawa Y, Park B, Banerjee S. Host cell proteins in monoclonal antibody processing: Control, detection, and removal. Biotechnol Prog 2024:e3448. [PMID: 38477405 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Host cell proteins (HCPs) are process-related impurities in a therapeutic protein expressed using cell culture technology. This review presents biopharmaceutical industry trends in terms of both HCPs in the bioprocessing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and the capabilities for HCP clearance by downstream unit operations. A comprehensive assessment of currently implemented and emerging technologies in the manufacturing processes with extensive references was performed. Meta-analyses of published downstream data were conducted to identify trends. Improved analytical methods and understanding of "high-risk" HCPs lead to more robust manufacturing processes and higher-quality therapeutics. The trend of higher cell density cultures leads to both higher mAb expression and higher HCP levels. However, HCP levels can be significantly reduced with improvements in operations, resulting in similar concentrations of approx. 10 ppm HCPs. There are no differences in the performance of HCP clearance between recent enhanced downstream operations and traditional batch processing. This review includes best practices for developing improved processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Ito
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Herb Lutz
- Independent Consultant, Sudbury, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lihan Tan
- Life Science Services, Sigma-Aldrich Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bin Wang
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Chemicals (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA Darmstadt, Germany), Shanghai, China
| | - Janice Tan
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Pte Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Singapore
| | - Masum Patel
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Bangalore, India
| | - Lance Chen
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Pte Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Singapore
| | - Yuki Tsunakawa
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Byunghyun Park
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Subhasis Banerjee
- Life Science, Process Solutions, Merck Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd. (An Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Bangalore, India
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22
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Dong X, Yan X, Wan Y, Gao D, Jiao J, Wang H, Qu H. Enhancing real-time cell culture monitoring: Automated Raman model optimization with Taguchi method. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 38454569 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has found widespread usage in monitoring cell culture processes both in research and practical applications. However, commonly, preprocessing methods, spectral regions, and modeling parameters have been chosen based on experience or trial-and-error strategies. These choices can significantly impact the performance of the models. There is an urgent need for a simple, effective, and automated approach to determine a suitable procedure for constructing accurate models. This paper introduces the adoption of a design of experiment (DoE) method to optimize partial least squares models for measuring the concentration of different components in cell culture bioreactors. The experimental implementation utilized the orthogonal test table L25 (56 ). Within this framework, five factors were identified as control variables for the DoE method: the window width of Savitzky-Golay smoothing, the baseline correction method, the order of preprocessing steps, spectral regions, and the number of latent variables. The evaluation method for the model was considered as a factor subject to noise. The optimal combination of levels was determined through the signal-to-noise ratio response table employing Taguchi analysis. The effectiveness of this approach was validated through two cases, involving different cultivation scales, different Raman spectrometers, and different analytical components. The results consistently demonstrated that the proposed approach closely approximated the global optimum, regardless of data set size, predictive components, or the brand of Raman spectrometer. The performance of models recommended by the DoE strategy consistently surpassed those built using raw data, underscoring the reliability of models generated through this approach. When compared to exhaustive all-combination experiments, the DoE approach significantly reduces calculation times, making it highly practical for the implementation of Raman spectroscopy in bioprocess monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Dong
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Wan
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Gao
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Jiao
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Qu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Deng J, Martin S, Searl T, Ohlander S, Harrington DA, McVary KT, Podlasek CA. SHH regulates penile morphology and smooth muscle through a mechanism involving BMP4 and GREM1. J Sex Med 2024:qdae016. [PMID: 38451321 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cavernous nerve (CN) is frequently damaged in prostatectomy and diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction (ED), initiating changes in penile morphology including an acute and intense phase of apoptosis in penile smooth muscle and increased collagen, which alter penile architecture and make corpora cavernosa smooth muscle less able to relax in response to neurotransmitters, resulting in ED. AIM Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is a critical regulator of penile smooth muscle, and SHH treatment suppresses penile remodeling after CN injury through an unknown mechanism; we examine if part of the mechanism of how SHH preserves smooth muscle after CN injury involves bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and gremlin1 (GREM1). METHODS Primary cultures of smooth muscle cells were established from prostatectomy, diabetic, hypertension and Peyronie's (control) (N = 18) patients. Cultures were characterized by ACTA2, CD31, P4HB, and nNOS immunohistochemical analysis. Patient smooth muscle cell growth was quantified in response to BMP4 and GREM1 treatment. Adult Sprague Dawley rats underwent 1 of 3 surgeries: (1) uninjured or CN-injured rats were treated with BMP4, GREM1, or mouse serum albumin (control) proteins via Affi-Gel beads (N = 16) or peptide amphiphile (PA) (N = 26) for 3 and 14 days, and trichrome stain was performed; (2) rats underwent sham (N = 3), CN injury (N = 9), or CN injury and SHH PA treatment for 1, 2, and 4 days (N = 9). OUTCOMES Western analysis for BMP4 and GREM1 was performed; (3) rats were treated with 5E1 SHH inhibitor (N = 6) or IgG (control; N = 6) for 2 and 4 days, and BMP4 and GREM1 localization was examined. Statistics were performed by analysis of variance with Scheffé's post hoc test. RESULTS BMP4 increased patient smooth muscle cell growth, and GREM1 decreased growth. In rats, BMP4 treatment via Affi-Gel beads and PA increased smooth muscle at 3 and 14 days of treatment. GREM1 treatment caused increased collagen and smooth muscle at 3 days, which switched to primarily collagen at 14 days. CN injury increased BMP4 and GREM1, while SHH PA altered Western band size, suggesting alternative cleavage and range of BMP4 and GREM1 signaling. SHH inhibition in rats increased BMP4 and GREM1 in fibroblasts. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Understanding how SHH PA preserves and regenerates penile morphology after CN injury will aid development of ED therapies. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS SHH treatment alters BMP4 and GREM1 localization and range of signaling, which can affect penile morphology. CONCLUSION Part of the mechanism of how SHH regulates corpora cavernosa smooth muscle involves BMP4 and GREM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Deng
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Sarah Martin
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Timothy Searl
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Samuel Ohlander
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Daniel A Harrington
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, United States
| | - Kevin T McVary
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, United States
| | - Carol A Podlasek
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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24
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Zehrer AC, Martin-Villalba A, Diederich B, Ewers H. An open-source, high-resolution, automated fluorescence microscope. eLife 2024; 12:RP89826. [PMID: 38436658 PMCID: PMC10942636 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is a fundamental tool in the life sciences, but the availability of sophisticated equipment required to yield high-quality, quantitative data is a major bottleneck in data production in many laboratories worldwide. This problem has long been recognized and the abundancy of low-cost electronics and the simplification of fabrication through 3D-printing have led to the emergence of open-source scientific hardware as a research field. Cost effective fluorescence microscopes can be assembled from cheaply mass-produced components, but lag behind commercial solutions in image quality. On the other hand, blueprints of sophisticated microscopes such as light-sheet or super-resolution systems, custom-assembled from high quality parts, are available, but require a high level of expertise from the user. Here, we combine the UC2 microscopy toolbox with high-quality components and integrated electronics and software to assemble an automated high-resolution fluorescence microscope. Using this microscope, we demonstrate high resolution fluorescence imaging for fixed and live samples. When operated inside an incubator, long-term live-cell imaging over several days was possible. Our microscope reaches single molecule sensitivity, and we performed single particle tracking and SMLM super-resolution microscopy experiments in cells. Our setup costs a fraction of its commercially available counterparts but still provides a maximum of capabilities and image quality. We thus provide a proof of concept that high quality scientific data can be generated by lay users with a low-budget system and open-source software. Our system can be used for routine imaging in laboratories that do not have the means to acquire commercial systems and through its affordability can serve as teaching material to students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Martin-Villalba
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research CenteHeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Helge Ewers
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
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25
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Tan C, Peng K, Lim T, Liu J, Ye Y, Lim L, Gao P, Oblong JE, Lam T. The combination of allantoin, bisabolol, D-panthenol and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate mitigates UVB-induced PGE 2 synthesis by keratinocytes. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024. [PMID: 38433250 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Erythema, characterized by the redness of the skin, is a common skin reaction triggered by various endogenous and exogenous factors. This response is often a result of the activation of underlying inflammatory mechanisms within the skin. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential benefits of applying a combination of skincare ingredients, namely allantoin, bisabolol, D-panthenol and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (AB5D), in the modulation of inflammatory factors associated with erythema. Additionally, the study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which these ingredients exert their combined actions to alleviate erythema-associated inflammation. METHODS Human epidermal keratinocytes were exposed to UVB and subsequently treated with AB5D. Transcriptomics profiling was performed to analyse the dose-response effect of AB5D treatment on keratinocytes. The quantitation of inflammatory mediators, including PGE2 , IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1RA and TNFα, was performed on cultured media. Additionally, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was carried out to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity of both individual ingredients and the AB5D combination. To assess the in-vitro antioxidant effects of AB5D against UVB-induced oxidative stress in hTERT keratinocytes, real-time quantitation of mitochondrial superoxide was measured through live-cell imaging. RESULTS The application of AB5D to UVB-exposed keratinocytes downregulated gene sets associated with inflammatory responses, highlighting the anti-inflammatory properties of AB5D. Specifically, AB5D effectively reduced the production of PGE2 , leading to the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, our findings indicate that AB5D exhibits antioxidative capabilities, functioning as both an antioxidant agent and a regulator of antioxidant enzyme expression to counteract the detrimental effects of cellular oxidative stress. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that AB5D can reduce UVB-induced PGE2 , IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1RA and TNFα as well as mitochondrial superoxide. These findings suggest that AB5D may alleviate erythema by modulating inflammation via PGE2 and through antioxidation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Tan
- Singapore Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ke Peng
- Tian Zhu Kong Gang Development Zone, Beijing Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble, Beijing, China
| | - TianYong Lim
- Singapore Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Procter & Gamble (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Tian Zhu Kong Gang Development Zone, Beijing Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble, Beijing, China
| | - Linda Lim
- Singapore Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Gao
- Procter & Gamble (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | | | - TzeHau Lam
- Singapore Innovation Center, Procter & Gamble, Singapore, Singapore
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26
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Bordini EAF, Stuani VDT, Correa LE, Cassiano FB, Lovison MF, Leite ML, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA, Soares DG. Chitosan-Calcium Aluminate as a Cell-homing Scaffold: Its Bioactivity Testing in a Microphysiological Dental Pulp Platform. Altern Lab Anim 2024; 52:107-116. [PMID: 38351650 DOI: 10.1177/02611929241232558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In vitro models of the dental pulp microenvironment have been proposed for the assessment of biomaterials, to minimise animal use in operative dentistry. In this study, a scaffold/3-D dental pulp cell culture interface was created in a microchip, under simulated dental pulp pressure, to evaluate the cell-homing potential of a chitosan (CH) scaffold functionalised with calcium aluminate (the 'CHAlCa scaffold'). This microphysiological platform was cultured at a pressure of 15 cm H2O for up to 14 days; cell viability, migration and odontoblastic differentiation were then assessed. The CHAlCa scaffold exhibited intense chemotactic potential, causing cells to migrate from the 3-D culture to its surface, followed by infiltration into the macroporous structure of the scaffold. By contrast, the cells in the presence of the non-functionalised chitosan scaffold showed low cell migration and no cell infiltration. CHAlCa scaffold bioactivity was confirmed in dentin sialophosphoprotein-positive migrating cells, and odontoblastic markers were upregulated in 3-D culture. Finally, in situ mineralised matrix deposition by the cells was confirmed in an Alizarin Red-based assay, in which the CHAlCa and CH scaffolds were adapted to fit within dentin discs. More intense deposition of matrix was observed with the CHAlCa scaffold, as compared to the CH scaffold. In summary, we present an in vitro platform that provides a simple and reproducible model for selecting and developing innovative biomaterials through the assessment of their cell-homing potential. By using this platform, it was shown that the combination of calcium aluminate and chitosan has potential as an inductive biomaterial that can mediate dentin tissue regeneration during cell-homing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Alves Ferreira Bordini
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Vitor de Toledo Stuani
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Lígia Espoliar Correa
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Balestrero Cassiano
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Marcella Fernandes Lovison
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Maria Luisa Leite
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, Brazil
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27
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Sekine A, Yasunaga G, Kumamoto S, Fujibayashi S, Munirah I, Bai L, Tani T, Sugano E, Tomita H, Ozaki T, Kiyono T, Inoue-Murayama M, Fukuda T. Characterization of Common Minke Whale (Balaenoptera Acutorostrata) Cell Lines Immortalized with the Expression of Cell Cycle Regulators. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300227. [PMID: 38087887 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Primary cultured cells cannot proliferate infinite. The overcoming of this limit can be classified as immortalization. Bypass of p16 senescence protein induces efficient immortalization various types of mammalians is previously reported. However, the Cetacea species is not known. Here, that common minke whale-derived cells can be immortalized with a combination of human genes, mutant cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4R24C ), cyclin D1, and Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) is reported. These results indicate that the function of cell cycle regulators in premature senescence is evolutionarily conserved. This study describes the conserved roles of cell cycle regulators in the immortalization of cells from humans to Cetacea species. Furthermore, using RNA-seq based on next-generation sequencing, the gene expression profiles of immortalized cells are compared with parental cells as well as those immortalized with SV40 large T antigen, which is once a popular method for cellular immortalization. The profiling results show that newly established common minke-whale-derived immortaliozed cells have completely different profiles from SV40 cells. This result indicates that the expression of mutant CDK4, cyclin D1, and TERT enables to establish immortalized cell lines with different biological nature from SV40 expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Sekine
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Genta Yasunaga
- Institute of Cetacean Research, 4-5 Toyomi-cho, Chuoku, Tokyo, 104-0055, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kumamoto
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - So Fujibayashi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Izzah Munirah
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Lanlan Bai
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tani
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, 3327-204, Japan
| | - Eriko Sugano
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomita
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Taku Ozaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Miho Inoue-Murayama
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24, Tanakasekiden-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8203, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
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28
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Arnold ME, Schoeneburg L, Lamla M, Kuehne AJC. Water-Soluble Trityl Radicals for Fluorescence Imaging. Molecules 2024; 29:995. [PMID: 38474507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Stable tris(trichlorophenyl)methyl radicals have gained interest as all-organic bioimaging agents combining fluorescent and paramagnetic properties. However, cellular uptake has so far only been reported for nanoparticles, because molecular hydrophobic trityl radicals are not soluble in aqueous media. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of new water-soluble tris(trichlorophenyl)methyl radical derivatives exhibiting red doublet emission. Solubility in water is achieved through functionalization with oligoethylene glycol (OEG) chains. The emission behavior of OEG functionalized trityl radicals is studied in polar environments. Donor-functionalization with carbazole evokes a charge-transfer excited state that is efficiently quenched in polar solvents. In contrast, click-reaction mediated attachment of OEG-azide and trityl acetylene furnishes a triazole functionalized radical with locally excited states and emission in water. Confocal fluorescence microscopy proves successful uptake of the material by macrophages in cell culture, showing the potential of our water soluble trityl radical for fluorescence bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona E Arnold
- Institute of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Larissa Schoeneburg
- Institute of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Lamla
- Institute of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander J C Kuehne
- Institute of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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29
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Castelletto V, de Mello L, da Silva ER, Seitsonen J, Hamley IW. Comparison of the self-assembly and cytocompatibility of conjugates of Fmoc (9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) with hydrophobic, aromatic, or charged amino acids. J Pept Sci 2024:e3571. [PMID: 38374800 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The self-assembly in aqueous solution of three Fmoc-amino acids with hydrophobic (aliphatic or aromatic, alanine or phenylalanine) or hydrophilic cationic residues (arginine) is compared. The critical aggregation concentrations were obtained using intrinsic fluorescence or fluorescence probe measurements, and conformation was probed using circular dichroism spectroscopy. Self-assembled nanostructures were imaged using cryo-transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Fmoc-Ala is found to form remarkable structures comprising extended fibril-like objects nucleating from spherical cores. In contrast, Fmoc-Arg self-assembles into plate-like crystals. Fmoc-Phe forms extended structures, in a mixture of straight and twisted fibrils coexisting with nanotapes. Spontaneous flow alignment of solutions of Fmoc-Phe assemblies is observed by SAXS. The cytocompatibility of the three Fmoc-amino acids was also compared via MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] mitochondrial activity assays. All three Fmoc-amino acids are cytocompatible with L929 fibroblasts at low concentration, and Fmoc-Arg shows cell viability up to comparatively high concentration (0.63 mM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Castelletto
- School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Lucas de Mello
- School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ian W Hamley
- School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
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30
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Pandey U, Madhugiri I, Gadgil C, Gadgil M. Leveraging machine learning to dissect role of combinations of amino acids in modulating the effect of zinc on mammalian cell growth. Biotechnol Prog 2024:e3436. [PMID: 38357841 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Although the contributions of individual components of cell culture media are largely known, their combinatorial effects are far less understood. Experiments varying one component at a time cannot identify combinatorial effects, and analysis of the large number of experiments required to decipher such effects is challenging. Machine learning algorithms can help in the analysis of such datasets to identify multi-component interactions. Zinc toxicity in vitro is known to change depending on amino acid concentration in the extracellular medium. Multiple amino acids are known to be involved in this protection. Thirty-two amino acid compositions were formulated to evaluate their effect on the growth of CHO cells under high zinc conditions. A sequential machine learning analysis methodology was used, which led to the identification of a set of amino acids (threonine, proline, glutamate, aspartate, asparagine, and tryptophan) contributing to protection from zinc. Our results suggest that a decrease in availability of these set of amino acids due to consumption may affect cell growth in media formulated with high zinc concentrations, and in contrast, normal levels of these amino acids are associated with better tolerance to high zinc concentration. Our sequential analysis method may be similarly employed for high throughput medium design and optimization experiments to identify interactions among a large number of cell culture medium components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjiti Pandey
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Indrani Madhugiri
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Chetan Gadgil
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mugdha Gadgil
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Kondo S, Shiga S, Sakurai T. Elastin microfibril interface-located protein 1 in fibroblasts is regulated by amphiregulin and interleukin-1α produced by keratinocytes. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024. [PMID: 38356201 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The structure of elastic fibres changes with ageing. Elastin microfibril interface-located protein 1 (EMILIN-1) is known to contribute to structural changes in elastic fibres. EMILIN-1 is one of the components of elastic fibres and also colocalizes with oxytalan fibres near the epidermis. Therefore, EMILIN-1 may be affected by epidermal-dermal interactions. The purpose of this study is to identify the key factors involved in epidermal-dermal interactions during the structural degeneration of elastic fibres. METHODS Keratinocytes and fibroblasts were co-cultured, and changes in elastic fibre-related proteins were evaluated. Additionally, cytokine arrays were used to identify the factors involved in epidermal-dermal interactions. RESULTS EMILIN-1 expression in fibroblasts was increased in the presence of keratinocytes, and its expression decreased when keratinocytes were stressed. Amphiregulin (AREG) and interleukin-1α (IL-1α) were identified as the keratinocyte-derived cytokines that influence the production of EMILIN-1, which is secreted by the fibroblasts. EMILIN-1 expression was promoted by AREG and decreased by IL-1α via an increase in cathepsin K (a catabolic enzyme). AREG and IL-1α were associated with changes in EMILIN-1 levels in fibroblasts. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the suppression of IL-1α expression and promotion of AREG expression in the epidermis could be a new approach that prevents the wrinkles and sagging caused by the structural changes in elastic fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Kondo
- FANCL Research Institute, FANCL Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Soichiro Shiga
- FANCL Research Institute, FANCL Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
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Hori T, Okae H, Shibata S, Kobayashi N, Kobayashi EH, Oike A, Sekiya A, Arima T, Kaji H. Trophoblast stem cell-based organoid models of the human placental barrier. Nat Commun 2024; 15:962. [PMID: 38332125 PMCID: PMC10853531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Human placental villi have essential roles in producing hormones, mediating nutrient and waste exchange, and protecting the fetus from exposure to xenobiotics. Human trophoblast organoids that recapitulate the structure of villi could provide an important in vitro tool to understand placental development and the transplacental passage of xenobiotics. However, such organoids do not currently exist. Here we describe the generation of trophoblast organoids using human trophoblast stem (TS) cells. Following treatment with three kinds of culture medium, TS cells form spherical organoids with a single outer layer of syncytiotrophoblast (ST) cells that display a barrier function. Furthermore, we develop a column-type ST barrier model based on the culture condition of the trophoblast organoids. The bottom membrane of the column is almost entirely covered with syndecan 1-positive ST cells. The barrier integrity and maturation levels of the model are confirmed by measuring transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the amount of human chorionic gonadotropin. Further analysis reveals that the model can be used to derive the apparent permeability coefficients of model compounds. In addition to providing a suite of tools for the study of placental development, our trophoblast models allow the evaluation of compound transfer and toxicity, which will facilitate drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hori
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Systems Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering (IBB), Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okae
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Trophoblast Research, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Shun Shibata
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Norio Kobayashi
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Eri H Kobayashi
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Oike
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Trophoblast Research, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Asato Sekiya
- Department of Trophoblast Research, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kaji
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Systems Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering (IBB), Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan.
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Sakurai A, Kawaguchi K, Watanabe M, Okajima S, Furukawa S, Koga K, Oh-Hashi K, Hirata Y, Furuta K, Takemori H. Melanosomal localization is required for GIF-2115/2250 to inhibit melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024. [PMID: 38327040 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tyrosinase inhibitors suppress melanogenesis in melanocytes. During a screening for tyrosinase inhibitors, however, we noticed some discrepancies in inhibitory efficacies between melanocytes and in vitro assays. The compound (S)-N-{3-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]propyl}-N-methyl-indan-1-amine (GIF-2115) exerts antioxidative stress activity upon accumulation in late endosomes and lysosomes. GIF-2115 was also identified as a potent antimelanogenic reagent in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. GIF-2115 inhibited the activity of mushroom tyrosinase and the lysates of B16F10 cells. However, structure-activity relationship studies indicated that GIF-2238, which lacks the benzene ring in the aminoindan structure of GIF-2115, inhibited tyrosinase activity in vitro but did not inhibit melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. The aim of the present study is to show the importance of the intracellular distribution of tyrosinase inhibitors in exerting their antimelanogenic activity in melanocytes. METHODS The intracellular distribution of compounds was monitored by linking with the fluorescent group of 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD). To mislocalize GIF-2115 to mitochondria, the mitochondria-preferring fluoroprobe ATTO565 was used. RESULTS We reconfirmed the localization of GIF-2250 (GIF-2115-NBD) not only to matured but also to early-stage melanosomes. Although GIF-2286 (GIF-2238-NBD) maintained tyrosinase inhibitory activity, it did not show specific intracellular localization. Moreover, when GIF-2115 was linked with ATTO565, the resultant compound GIF-2265 did not inhibit melanogenesis in B16F10 cells, despite its strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that melanosomal localization is essential for the antimelanogenic activity of GIF-2115, and GIF-2115 derivatives may be new guides for drugs to endosomes and lysosomes as well as melanosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kyoka Kawaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Miyu Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Sayaka Okajima
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Saho Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenichi Koga
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kentaro Oh-Hashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences of Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoko Hirata
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Takemori
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences of Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Liu L, Huang QM, Liu QG. In vitro culture of muscle cells derived from myofascial trigger points. Acupunct Med 2024; 42:39-43. [PMID: 37916461 DOI: 10.1177/09645284231207872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine for the in vitro existence of contractile nodules on the taut band of muscle fibers where myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are located (using cell culture). METHODS Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks old) were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. A blunt striking injury and eccentric exercise were applied to the gastrocnemius muscle of rats in the experimental group once a week for 8 weeks to establish an MTrP model. Subsequently, the rats were reared normally and rested for 4 weeks. After modeling, the skeletal muscles at the MTrPs (and non-MTrPs at the same anatomical position) were extracted from the two groups of rats for in vitro cell culture experiments of single muscle fibers. Potential contractile nodules in the MTrP group were exposed to different concentrations of acetylcholinesterase, whereas non-MTrP cells were exposed to acetylcholine. The morphological changes of muscle cells in each group were observed. RESULTS By culturing MTrP cells in vitro, large contractile nodules remained in single MTrP muscle fibers, whereas some contractile nodules were twisted and deformed. After the addition of different acetylcholinesterase concentrations, no obvious morphological changes were observed in the contractile nodules in the MTrP group. After the non-MTrP cells were exposed to different acetylcholine concentrations, no significant morphological changes were observed in the single muscle fibers. CONCLUSION MTrP cells can continue to maintain contractile morphology in vitro, but whether the recovery of such contractile nodules is related to acetylcholine remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- School of Sport and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang-Min Huang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Yiyang TCM Clinic, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Guang Liu
- International College of Football, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Pawlik VE, Sonntag SR, Grisanti S, Tura A, Kakkassery V, Ranjbar M. Impact of Nintedanib and Anti-Angiogenic Agents on Uveal Melanoma Cell Behavior. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:30. [PMID: 38381412 PMCID: PMC10893901 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the direct impact of the combined angiokinase inhibitor nintedanib as well as the anti-angiogenic agents ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and aflibercept on the primary uveal melanoma (UM) cell line Mel270 and liver metastasis UM cell line OMM2.5. Methods The metabolic activity, viability, and oxidative stress levels were analyzed by the Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT), LIVE/DEAD, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays. Expression of intracellular VEGF-A165 and VEGF receptor-2 was detected by immunofluorescent staining. The secretion of VEGF-A165 into the cell culture supernatants was evaluated by VEGF-A165 ELISA. Results Nintedanib, at a concentration of 1 µg/mL, resulted in a median reduction of metabolic activity (for Mel270 of approximately 38% and for OMM2.5 of 46% compared to the untreated control) without exerting toxicity in either cell line, whereas the other 3 substances did not result in any changes (which also means that none of the 4 substances led to an increased cell death). Moreover, nintedanib (1 µg/mL) induced oxidative stress in the Mel270 by approximately 1.2 to 1.5-fold compared to the untreated control, but not the OMM2.5 cells. Conclusions Nintedanib could suppress the growth of UM cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The metastatic UM cell line OMM2.5 was not sensitive to the pro-oxidant activity of nintedanib. This study was the first to investigate nintedanib in the context of UM. We propose further investigation of this substance to elucidate its effects on this tumor entity with the hope of identifying advantageous therapeutic options for future adjuvant tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera E. Pawlik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Aysegül Tura
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Mahdy Ranjbar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Duchi S, Rebollo Torregrosa P, Hajuj A, Molho D, Shkoor R, Saada NA, Fernández DG, Goldstein D, Pérez-Fernández A. The formulation and in vitro evaluation of WS Biotin, a novel encapsulated form of D-Biotin with improved water solubility for hair and skin treatment applications. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024; 46:119-129. [PMID: 37779197 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate the efficacy of WS Biotin, a novel water-soluble form of D-Biotin, for cosmetic use. METHODS A new encapsulated form of D-Biotin was developed with the purpose of improving the water solubility of biotin. This novel form of encapsulated biotin was characterized by its physicochemical properties: particle size, D-Biotin content and solubility in water. Also, proliferation and gene expression in vitro tests in cell culture were performed to evaluate its effectiveness in promoting hair growth, an ELISA test was conducted for hair keratinization and skin lightening property was tested by analysing the intracellular melanin content. RESULTS The developed WS Biotin microcapsules exhibit a particle size range of 2-30 μm with D-Biotin content of ~50% (w/w). The water solubility of WS Biotin was found to be 20-fold greater than free biotin. The obtained in vitro results indicated that WS Biotin enhances the expression of hair-related keratins in hair follicle keratinocytes, as well as the expression of hair growth-promoting genes in dermal papilla cells. Moreover, the melanin content in UVA-exposed epidermal melanocytes was reduced upon exposure to WS Biotin. CONCLUSION In this work, a novel form of encapsulated biotin, WS Biotin, was developed in order to improve the water solubility of free biotin and was found to be effective for cosmetic use in both hair and skin applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akram Hajuj
- Tagra Biotechnologies, Northern Galilee, Israel
| | - Danit Molho
- Tagra Biotechnologies, Northern Galilee, Israel
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Xing C, Kemas A, Mickols E, Klein K, Artursson P, Lauschke VM. The choice of ultra-low attachment plates impacts primary human and primary canine hepatocyte spheroid formation, phenotypes, and function. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300587. [PMID: 38403411 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Organotypic three-dimensional liver spheroid cultures in which hepatic cells retain their molecular phenotype and functionality have emerged as powerful tools for preclinical drug development. In recent years a multitude of culture systems have been developed; however, a thorough side-by-side benchmarking of the different methods is lacking. Here, we compared the performance of ten different 96- and 384-well microplate types to support spheroid formation and long-term culture. Specifically, we evaluated differences in spheroid formation kinetics, viability, functionality, expression patterns, and their utility for hepatotoxicity assessments using primary human hepatocytes (PHH) and primary canine hepatocytes (PCH). All 96-well plates enabled formation of PHH liver spheroids, albeit with differences between plates in spheroid size, geometry, and reproducibility. Performance of different 384-wells was less consistent. Only 6/10 microplates supported the formation of PCH aggregates. Interestingly, even if PCH aggregates in these six microplates were more loosely packed than PHH spheroids, they maintained their function and were compatible with long-term pharmacological and toxicological assays. Overall, Corning and Biofloat plates showed the best performance in the formation of both human and canine liver spheroids with highest viability, most physiologically relevant phenotypes, superior CYP activity and lowest coefficient of variation in toxicity assays. The presented data constitutes a valuable resource that demonstrates the impacts of current ultra-low attachment plates on liver spheroid metrics and can guide evidence-based plate selection. Combined, these results have important implications for the cross-comparison of different studies and can facilitate the standardization and reproducibility of three-dimensional liver culture experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xing
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aurino Kemas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Kathrin Klein
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Barbier MA, Ferland K, De Koninck H, Doucet EJ, Dubourget L, Kim M, Cattier B, Morissette A, Bchetnia M, Larouche D, Kim DH, St-Jean G, Germain L. Cancer Spheroids Embedded in Tissue-Engineered Skin Substitutes: A New Method to Study Tumorigenicity In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1513. [PMID: 38338792 PMCID: PMC10855415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenic assays are used during a clinical translation to detect the transformation potential of cell-based therapies. One of these in vivo assays is based on the separate injection of each cell type to be used in the clinical trial. However, the injection method requires many animals and several months to obtain useful results. In previous studies, we showed the potential of tissue-engineered skin substitutes (TESs) as a model for normal skin in which cancer cells can be included in vitro. Herein, we showed a new method to study tumorigenicity, using cancer spheroids that were embedded in TESs (cTES) and grafted onto athymic mice, and compared it with the commonly used cell injection assay. Tumors developed in both models, cancer cell injection and cTES grafting, but metastases were not detected at the time of sacrifice. Interestingly, the rate of tumor development was faster in cTESs than with the injection method. In conclusion, grafting TESs is a sensitive method to detect tumor cell growth with and could be developed as an alternative test for tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. Barbier
- The Tissue Engineering Laboratory (LOEX), Université Laval’s Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.A.B.); (K.F.); (H.D.K.); (E.J.D.); (L.D.); (M.K.); (B.C.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (D.L.); (D.H.K.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karel Ferland
- The Tissue Engineering Laboratory (LOEX), Université Laval’s Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.A.B.); (K.F.); (H.D.K.); (E.J.D.); (L.D.); (M.K.); (B.C.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (D.L.); (D.H.K.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Henri De Koninck
- The Tissue Engineering Laboratory (LOEX), Université Laval’s Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.A.B.); (K.F.); (H.D.K.); (E.J.D.); (L.D.); (M.K.); (B.C.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (D.L.); (D.H.K.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Emilie J. Doucet
- The Tissue Engineering Laboratory (LOEX), Université Laval’s Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.A.B.); (K.F.); (H.D.K.); (E.J.D.); (L.D.); (M.K.); (B.C.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (D.L.); (D.H.K.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ludivine Dubourget
- The Tissue Engineering Laboratory (LOEX), Université Laval’s Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.A.B.); (K.F.); (H.D.K.); (E.J.D.); (L.D.); (M.K.); (B.C.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (D.L.); (D.H.K.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - MinJoon Kim
- The Tissue Engineering Laboratory (LOEX), Université Laval’s Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.A.B.); (K.F.); (H.D.K.); (E.J.D.); (L.D.); (M.K.); (B.C.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (D.L.); (D.H.K.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Bettina Cattier
- The Tissue Engineering Laboratory (LOEX), Université Laval’s Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.A.B.); (K.F.); (H.D.K.); (E.J.D.); (L.D.); (M.K.); (B.C.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (D.L.); (D.H.K.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Amélie Morissette
- The Tissue Engineering Laboratory (LOEX), Université Laval’s Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.A.B.); (K.F.); (H.D.K.); (E.J.D.); (L.D.); (M.K.); (B.C.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (D.L.); (D.H.K.)
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mbarka Bchetnia
- The Tissue Engineering Laboratory (LOEX), Université Laval’s Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.A.B.); (K.F.); (H.D.K.); (E.J.D.); (L.D.); (M.K.); (B.C.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (D.L.); (D.H.K.)
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Danielle Larouche
- The Tissue Engineering Laboratory (LOEX), Université Laval’s Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.A.B.); (K.F.); (H.D.K.); (E.J.D.); (L.D.); (M.K.); (B.C.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (D.L.); (D.H.K.)
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- The Tissue Engineering Laboratory (LOEX), Université Laval’s Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.A.B.); (K.F.); (H.D.K.); (E.J.D.); (L.D.); (M.K.); (B.C.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (D.L.); (D.H.K.)
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Dermatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 463-712, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Guillaume St-Jean
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Lucie Germain
- The Tissue Engineering Laboratory (LOEX), Université Laval’s Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (M.A.B.); (K.F.); (H.D.K.); (E.J.D.); (L.D.); (M.K.); (B.C.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (D.L.); (D.H.K.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
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Sharifulden NSAN, Barrios Silva LV, Nair SP, Abdullah AAA, Noor SNFM, Sulu M, Nguyen LTB, Chau DYS. The Development and Characterisation of a P(3HB- co-4HB)-Bioactive Glass-Graphene Hydrogel as a Potential Formulation for Biomedical and Therapeutical Translation. Gels 2024; 10:85. [PMID: 38275859 PMCID: PMC10815745 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical management of wounds is known to be a significant challenge: not only does the dressing need to ensure and provide the appropriate barrier and healing characteristics, but consideration of patient compliance concerning comfort, functionality, and practicality also needs to be included. The poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxubutyrate) (P(3HB-co-4HB)) copolymer, isolated from Cupriavidus malaysiensis USM1020 (C. malaysiensis USM1020), was produced in the presence of excess carbon sources (1,4-butanediol and 1,6-hexanediol) using either a shake flask cultivation process or a bioreactor fermentation system. P(3HB-co-4HB) is widely known to be biodegradable and highly biocompatible and contains a tuneable 4HB monomer molar fraction, which is known to affect the final physicochemical properties of the intracellular copolymer. In this paper, we describe not only the fabrication of the polymeric gel but also its optimised profiling using a range of physical and mechanical techniques, i.e., SEM, FTIR, DMA, DSC, and WCA. The further enhancement of the gel through additional functionalisation with sol-gel-derived bioactive glass and liquid-exfoliated graphene was also investigated. The biocompatibility and biological characterisation of the substrates was assessed using murine osteoblasts (MC3T3), human primary dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), human fibroblast (BJ) cells, and standard cell culture assays (i.e., metabolic activity, LDH release, and live/dead staining). In short, P(3HB-co-4HB) was successfully isolated from the bacteria, with the defined physico-chemical profiles dependent on the culture substrate and culturing platform used. The additional enhancement of the copolymer with bioactive glass and/or graphene was also demonstrated by varying the combination loading of the materials, i.e., graphene resulted in an increase in tensile strength (~11 MPa) and the wettability increased following the incorporation of bioactive glass and 0.01 wt% graphene (WCA ~46.3°). No detrimental effects in terms of biocompatibility were noticed during the 7 days of culture in the primary and established cell lines. This study demonstrates the importance of optimising each of the individual components within the biocomposite and their relationship concerning the fine-tuning of the material's properties, thus targeting and impacting the endpoint application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik S. A. N. Sharifulden
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; (N.S.A.N.S.); (L.V.B.S.)
| | - Lady V. Barrios Silva
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; (N.S.A.N.S.); (L.V.B.S.)
| | - Sean P. Nair
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK;
| | | | - Siti N. F. M. Noor
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia;
| | - Michael Sulu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Linh T. B. Nguyen
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; (N.S.A.N.S.); (L.V.B.S.)
| | - David Y. S. Chau
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; (N.S.A.N.S.); (L.V.B.S.)
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Guo M, Wu J, Chen C, Wang X, Gong A, Guan W, Karvas RM, Wang K, Min M, Wang Y, Theunissen TW, Gao S, Silva JCR. Self-renewing human naïve pluripotent stem cells dedifferentiate in 3D culture and form blastoids spontaneously. Nat Commun 2024; 15:668. [PMID: 38253551 PMCID: PMC10803796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Human naïve pluripotent stem cells (hnPSCs) can generate integrated models of blastocysts termed blastoids upon switch to inductive medium. However, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Here we report that self-renewing hnPSCs spontaneously and efficiently give rise to blastoids upon three dimensional (3D) suspension culture. The spontaneous blastoids mimic early stage human blastocysts in terms of structure, size, and transcriptome characteristics and are capable of progressing to post-implantation stages. This property is conferred by the glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) signalling inhibitor IM-12 present in 5iLAF self-renewing medium. IM-12 upregulates oxidative phosphorylation-associated genes that underly the capacity of hnPSCs to generate blastoids spontaneously. Starting from day one of self-organization, hnPSCs at the boundary of all 3D aggregates dedifferentiate into E5 embryo-like intermediates. Intermediates co-express SOX2/OCT4 and GATA6 and by day 3 specify trophoblast fate, which coincides with cavity and blastoid formation. In summary, spontaneous blastoid formation results from 3D culture triggering dedifferentiation of hnPSCs into earlier embryo-like intermediates which are then competent to segregate blastocyst fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Guo
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong, China.
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong, China.
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China.
| | - Jinyi Wu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanxin Chen
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong, China
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Xinggu Wang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong, China
| | - An Gong
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong, China
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong, China
| | - Rowan M Karvas
- Department of Developmental Biology and Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kexin Wang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingwei Min
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Thorold W Theunissen
- Department of Developmental Biology and Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - José C R Silva
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong, China.
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Bisgaard LS, Christensen PM, Oh J, Torta F, Füchtbauer EM, Nielsen LB, Christoffersen C. Kidney derived apolipoprotein M and its role in acute kidney injury. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1328259. [PMID: 38313311 PMCID: PMC10834784 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1328259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is mainly expressed in liver and in proximal tubular epithelial cells in the kidney. In plasma, apoM associates with HDL particles via a retained signal peptide and carries sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a small bioactive lipid. ApoM is undetectable in urine from healthy individuals but lack of megalin receptors in proximal tubuli cells induces loss of apoM into the urine. Besides this, very little is known about kidney-derived apoM. The aim of this study was to address the role of apoM in kidney biology and in acute kidney injury. Methods: A novel kidney-specific human apoM transgenic mouse model (RPTEC-hapoMTG) was generated and subjected to either cisplatin or ischemia/reperfusion injury. Further, a stable transfection of HK-2 cells overexpressing human apoM (HK-2-hapoMTG) was developed to study the pattern of apoM secretion in proximal tubuli cells. Results: Human apoM was present in plasma from RPTEC-hapoMTG mice (mean 0.18 μM), with a significant increase in plasma S1P levels. In vitro apoM was secreted to both the apical (urine) and basolateral (blood) compartment from proximal tubular epithelial cells. However, no differences in kidney injury score was seen between RPTEC-hapoMTG and wild type (WT) mice upon kidney injury. Further, gene expression of inflammatory markers (i.e., IL6, MCP-1) was similar upon ischemia/reperfusion injury. Conclusion: Our study suggests that kidney-derived apoM is secreted to plasma, supporting a role for apoM in sequestering molecules from excretion in urine. However, overexpression of human apoM in the kidney did not protect against acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line S. Bisgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille M. Christensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeongah Oh
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Bo Nielsen
- The Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Silva MJA, Acho LDR, Carneiro SB, Guimarães AC, Lima ES. Cosmetic application of the stem-bark extract of Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024. [PMID: 38229481 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Amazon has a rich biodiversity where many different plant species can be found. This diversity is an important source of bioactive substances, mainly due to the different structural components of their phytometabolites. Research for natural products is a strategy for the development of new agents in therapeutic applications, especially cosmetic applications, that have better pharmacological potential. Within this perspective, the objective of the study was to investigate the cosmetic application (anti-aging potential) of the stem-bark extract of Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K - (SBEBE), popularly known as the Brazil nut tree, here called SBEBE, a noble plant species of the Amazon that is rich in selenium. METHODS Enzymatic, glycation, proliferation, cell-healing, collagen quantification, toxicity and genotoxicity assays were used. RESULTS Among the enzymes involved in the extracellular matrix of the skin, SBEBE was able to inhibit only elastase (62.67 ± 3.75) when compared to the standard sivelestat (89.04 ± 0.53), and the extract was also able to inhibit both the oxidative and the non-oxidative pathway. When cell toxicity in fibroblasts (MRC-5) and keratinocytes (HACAT) was evaluated, SBEBE did not present toxicity in 24 h of incubation. After this period, the extract showed average cytotoxicity in 48 and 72 h, but not enough to reach the concentration of 50% of MRC-5 fibroblasts. In the trypan blue assay, the extract promoted fibroblast proliferation in 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation, which was evaluated through exponential cell growth, with emphasis mainly on the lowest concentration with results higher than the standard. When the cell healing capacity was evaluated, in 48 h of exposure to fibroblast, SBEBE was able to induce a cell carpet (cell film) in the cell monolayer scratch assay. CONCLUSIONS SBEBE stimulated collagen production at all concentrations tested. In the alkaline comet assay, at the lowest concentration, the extract did not induce DNA damage when compared to the reference drug doxorubicin. This study proved that SBEBE extract can be considered an ally in the treatment of skin anti-ageing as a possible biotechnological, phytocosmetic product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia J A Silva
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Leonard D R Acho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Simone B Carneiro
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Anderson C Guimarães
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Emerson S Lima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
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Senderskiy IV, Dolgikh VV, Ismatullaeva DA, Mirzakhodjaev BA, Nikitina AP, Pankratov DL. Treatment of Microsporidium Nosema bombycis Spores with the New Antiseptic M250 Helps to Avoid Bacterial and Fungal Contamination of Infected Cultures without Affecting Parasite Polar Tube Extrusion. Microorganisms 2024; 12:154. [PMID: 38257981 PMCID: PMC10819227 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are a group of widespread eukaryotic spore-forming intracellular parasites of great economic and scientific importance. Since microsporidia cannot be cultured outside of a host cell, the search for new antimicrosporidian drugs requires an effective antiseptic to sterilize microsporidian spores to infect cell lines. Here, we show that a new polyhexamethylene guanidine derivative M250, which is active against fungi and bacteria at a concentration of 0.5-1 mg/L, is more than 1000 times less effective against spores of the microsporidium Nosema bombycis, a highly virulent pathogen of the silkworm Bombyx mori (LC50 is 0.173%). Treatment of N. bombycis spores that were isolated non-sterilely from silkworm caterpillars with 0.1% M250 solution does not reduce the rate of spore polar tube extrusion. However, it completely prevents contamination of the Sf-900 III cell culture medium by microorganisms in the presence of antibiotics. The addition of untreated spores to the medium results in contamination, whether antibiotics are present or not. Since 0.1% M250 does not affect spore discharging, this compound may be promising for preventing bacterial and fungal contamination of microsporidia-infected cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Senderskiy
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Podbelsky Chausse 3, 196608 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Viacheslav V. Dolgikh
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Podbelsky Chausse 3, 196608 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Diloram A. Ismatullaeva
- Scientific Research Institute of Sericulture, Ipakchi Str. 1, Tashkent 100069, Uzbekistan; (D.A.I.); (B.A.M.)
| | - Bakhtiyar A. Mirzakhodjaev
- Scientific Research Institute of Sericulture, Ipakchi Str. 1, Tashkent 100069, Uzbekistan; (D.A.I.); (B.A.M.)
| | - Anastasiia P. Nikitina
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, L’vaTolstogo Str. 6-8, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.P.N.); (D.L.P.)
| | - Danil L. Pankratov
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, L’vaTolstogo Str. 6-8, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.P.N.); (D.L.P.)
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Pansa CC, Molica LR, de Oliveira Júnior FC, Santello LC, Moraes KCM. Cellular and molecular effects of fipronil in lipid metabolism of HepG2 and its possible connection to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23595. [PMID: 38050659 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global public health problem that affects more than a quarter of the population. The development of this disease is correlated with metabolic dysfunctions that lead to lipid accumulation in the liver. Pesticides are one of etiologies that support NAFLD establishment. Therefore, the effects of the insecticide fipronil on the lipid metabolism of the human hepatic cell line, HepG2, was investigated, considering its widespread use in field crops and even to control domestic pests. To address the goals of the study, biochemical, cellular, and molecular analyses of different concentrations of fipronil in cell cultures were investigated, after 24 h of incubation. Relevant metabolites such as triglycerides, glucose levels, β-oxidation processes, and gene expression of relevant elements correlated with lipid and metabolism of xenobiotics were investigated. The results suggested that at 20 μM, the pesticide increased the accumulation of triglycerides and neutral lipids by reducing fatty acid oxidation and increasing de novo lipogenesis. In addition, changes were observed in genes that control oxidative stress and the xenobiotic metabolism. Together, the results suggest that the metabolic changes caused by the insecticide fipronil may be deleterious if persistent, favoring the establishment of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila C Pansa
- Laboratório Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia R Molica
- Laboratório Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiano C de Oliveira Júnior
- Laboratório Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara C Santello
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Laboratório Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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Yan X, Dong X, Wan Y, Gao D, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Zheng Z, Chen K, Jiao J, Sun Y, He Z, Nie L, Fan X, Wang H, Qu H. Development of an in-line Raman analytical method for commercial-scale CHO cell culture process monitoring: Influence of measurement channels and batch number on model performance. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300395. [PMID: 38180295 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian cell culture process is a key step in commercial therapeutic protein production and needs to be monitored and controlled due to its complexity. Raman spectroscopy has been reported for cell culture process monitoring by analysis of many important parameters. However, studies on in-line Raman monitoring of the cell culture process were mainly conducted on small or pilot scale. Developing in-line Raman analytical methods for commercial-scale cell culture process monitoring is more challenging. In this study, an in-line Raman analytical method was developed for monitoring glucose, lactate, and viable cell density (VCD) in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture process during commercial production of biosimilar adalimumab (1500 L). The influence of different Raman measurement channels was considered to determine whether to merge data from different channels for model development. Raman calibration models were developed and optimized, with minimum root mean square error of prediction of 0.22 g L-1 for glucose in the range of 1.66-3.53 g L-1 , 0.08 g L-1 for lactate in the range of 0.15-1.19 g L-1 , 0.31 E6 cells mL-1 for VCD in the range of 0.96-5.68 E6 cells mL-1 on test sets. The developed analytical method can be used for cell culture process monitoring during manufacturing and meets the analytical purpose of this study. Further, the influence of the number of batches used for model calibration on model performance was also studied to determine how many batches are needed basically for method development. The proposed Raman analytical method development strategy and considerations will be useful for monitoring of similar bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Dong
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Wan
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Gao
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Kaifeng Chen
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Jiao
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuohong He
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Nie
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Qu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Pearce A, Ponnam S, Holt MR, Randall T, Beckingham R, Kho AL, Kampourakis T, Ehler E. Missense mutations in the central domains of cardiac myosin binding protein-C and their potential contribution to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105511. [PMID: 38042491 PMCID: PMC10772716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C) is a multidomain protein that regulates muscle contraction. Mutations in MYBPC3, the gene encoding for the cardiac variant (henceforth called cMyBP-C), are amongst the most frequent causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Most mutations lead to a truncated version of cMyBP-C, which is most likely unstable. However, missense mutations have also been reported, which tend to cluster in the central domains of the cMyBP-C molecule. This suggests that these central domains are more than just a passive spacer between the better characterized N- and C-terminal domains. Here, we investigated the potential impact of four different missense mutations, E542Q, G596R, N755K, and R820Q, which are spread over the domains C3 to C6, on the function of MyBP-C on both the isolated protein level and in cardiomyocytes in vitro. Effect on domain stability, interaction with thin filaments, binding to myosin, and subcellular localization behavior were assessed. Our studies show that these missense mutations result in slightly different phenotypes at the molecular level, which are mutation specific. The expected functional readout of each mutation provides a valid explanation for why cMyBP-C fails to work as a brake in the regulation of muscle contraction, which eventually results in a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype. We conclude that missense mutations in cMyBP-C must be evaluated in context of their domain localization, their effect on interaction with thin filaments and myosin, and their effect on protein stability to explain how they lead to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Pearce
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saraswathi Ponnam
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (School of Basic and Biosciences), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Holt
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Randall
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rylan Beckingham
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ay Lin Kho
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (School of Basic and Biosciences), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Kampourakis
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (School of Basic and Biosciences), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Ehler
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics (School of Basic and Biosciences), King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Litunenko DN, Moskalensky AE. Wireless monitoring of cell cultures based on light scattering: A novel optical scheme and portable prototype. J Biophotonics 2024; 17:e202300234. [PMID: 37795552 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell cultures are widely used in scientific research, biomedicine, and industry. When culturing, it is important to maintain certain conditions, including the concentration of cells. Monitoring of the culture growth and cell counting is an urgent task for the optimization of technological processes. Most existing methods require sampling from a culture flask. This procedure is time-consuming and associated with the risks of contamination. We present a device able to monitor the growth of cells number in a suspension noninvasively. The device uses a laser beam that pass through the culture flask and measures the intensity of scattered light as a function of coordinate along the beam. This optical scheme allows one to obtain accurate results for both high- and low-scattering samples. We constructed the wireless portable prototype for monitoring of cell culture growth directly in the incubator and demonstrated the applicability of the device for Jurkat cells and Escherichia coli bacteria.
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Zhao R, Xue M, Lin H, Smith M, Liang H, Weiler H, Griffin JH, Jackson CJ. A recombinant signalling-selective activated protein C that lacks anticoagulant activity is efficacious and safe in cutaneous wound preclinical models. Wound Repair Regen 2024; 32:90-103. [PMID: 38155595 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Various preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the robust wound healing capacity of the natural anticoagulant activated protein C (APC). A bioengineered APC variant designated 3K3A-APC retains APC's cytoprotective cell signalling actions with <10% anticoagulant activity. This study was aimed to provide preclinical evidence that 3K3A-APC is efficacious and safe as a wound healing agent. 3K3A-APC, like wild-type APC, demonstrated positive effects on proliferation of human skin cells (keratinocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts). Similarly it also increased matrix metollaproteinase-2 activation in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Topical 3K3A-APC treatment at 10 or 30 μg both accelerated mouse wound healing when culled on Day 11. And at 10 μg, it was superior to APC and had half the dermal wound gape compared to control. Further testing was conducted in excisional porcine wounds due to their congruence to human skin. Here, 3K3A-APC advanced macroscopic healing in a dose-dependent manner (100, 250 and 500 μg) when culled on Day 21. This was histologically corroborated by greater collagen maturity, suggesting more advanced remodelling. A non-interference arm of this study found no evidence that topical 3K3A-APC caused either any significant systemic side-effects or any significant leakage into the circulation. However the female pigs exhibited transient and mild local reactions after treatments in week three, which did not impact healing. Overall these preclinical studies support the hypothesis that 3K3A-APC merits future human wound studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Zhao
- Sutton Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meilang Xue
- Sutton Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Sutton Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margaret Smith
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helena Liang
- Sutton Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hartmut Weiler
- Department of Physiology, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John H Griffin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Christopher J Jackson
- Sutton Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Klabukov I, Baranovskii D. Stem Cells and Their Derivatives: Unlocking the Promising Potential of Minimally Manipulated Cells for In Situ Tissue Engineering. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897231221846. [PMID: 38235753 PMCID: PMC10798098 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231221846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
We've read with great interest the article by Smolinska et al. entitled "Stem Cells and Their Derivatives: An Implication for the Regeneration of Nonunion Fractures" regarding the recent scientific studies dealing with the treatment of nonunion fractures in clinical and preclinical settings using Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)-based therapeutic techniques. Bone tissue regeneration is a dynamic process that involves the restoration of damaged or lost bone structure and function. Traditional approaches such as autografts and allografts, platelet rich plasma (PRP) treatment and cell therapies, have limitations, including donor site morbidity and immunologic concerns, as well as cell culture and processing requirements. In contrast, the use of minimally manipulated cells that do not require culturing has emerged as a promising alternative that offers several advantages in bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Klabukov
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Obninsk, Russia
- Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Obninsk, Russia
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Höfner M, Eubler K, Herrmann C, Berg U, Berg D, Welter H, Imhof A, Forné I, Mayerhofer A. Reduced oxygen concentrations regulate the phenotype and function of human granulosa cells in vitro and cause a diminished steroidogenic but increased inflammatory cellular reaction. Mol Hum Reprod 2023; 30:gaad049. [PMID: 38128016 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) concentrations have recently been discussed as important regulators of ovarian cells. Human IVF-derived granulosa cells (human GCs) can be maintained in vitro and are a widely used cellular model for the human ovary. Typically, GCs are cultured at atmospheric O2 levels (approximately around 20%), yet the O2 conditions in vivo, especially in the preovulatory follicle, are estimated to be much lower. Therefore, we comprehensively evaluated the consequences of atmospheric versus hypoxic (1% O2) conditions for 4 days on human GCs. We found lower cellular RNA and protein levels but unchanged cell numbers at 1% O2, indicating reduced transcriptional and/or translational activity. A proteomic analysis showed that 391 proteins were indeed decreased, yet 133 proteins were increased under hypoxic conditions. According to gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, pathways associated with metabolic processes, for example amino acid-catabolic-processes, mitochondrial protein biosynthesis, and steroid biosynthesis, were downregulated. Pathways associated with glycolysis, chemical homeostasis, cellular response to hypoxia, and actin filament bundle assembly were upregulated. In accordance with lower CYP11A1 (a cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme) levels, progesterone release was decreased. A proteome profiler, as well as IL-6 and IL-8 ELISA assays, revealed that hypoxia led to increased secretion of pro-inflammatory and angiogenic factors. Immunofluorescence studies showed nuclear localization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) in human GCs upon acute (2 h) exposure to 1% O2 but not in cells exposed to 1% O2 for 4 days. Hence, the role of HIF1α may be restricted to initiation of the hypoxic response in human GCs. The results provide a detailed picture of hypoxia-induced phenotypic changes in human GCs and reveal that chronically low O2 conditions inhibit the steroidogenic but promote the inflammatory phenotype of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Höfner
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Katja Eubler
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carola Herrmann
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ulrike Berg
- Fertility Centre A.R.T., Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Berg
- Fertility Centre A.R.T., Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Welter
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Axel Imhof
- Protein Analysis Unit, BMC, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ignasi Forné
- Protein Analysis Unit, BMC, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- Cell Biology, Anatomy III, Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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