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Tichvon C, Zviagin E, Surma Z, Nagorny P. Synthesis of Bufadienolide Cinobufagin via Late-Stage Singlet Oxygen Oxidation/Rearrangement Approach. Org Lett 2024; 26:2445-2450. [PMID: 38488174 PMCID: PMC10980571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
This manuscript describes a concise synthesis of cinobufagin, a natural steroid of the bufadienolide family, from readily available dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), as well as its α5-epimer derived from 3-epi-andosterone. This synthesis features expedient installation of the 17β-pyrone moiety with the 14β,15β-epoxide and the 16β-acetoxy group using a photochemical regioselective singlet oxygen [4 + 2] cycloaddition followed by CoTPP-promoted in situ endoperoxide rearrangement to provide a 14β,16β-bis-epoxide in 64% yield with a 1.6:1 d.r. This β,β-bis-epoxide intermediate was subsequently subjected to a regioselective scandium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate catalyzed House-Meinwald rearrangement to establish the 17β-configuration. The synthesis of cinobufagin is achieved in 12 steps (LLS) and 7.6% overall yield, and we demonstrate that it could be used as a platform for the subsequent medicinal chemistry exploration of cinobufagin analogs such as cinobufagin 5α-epimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Tichvon
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Eugene Zviagin
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Zoey Surma
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Yang J, Cheng C, Wu Z. Mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of cinobufagin in treating melanoma based on network pharmacology, single-cell RNA sequencing data, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1315965. [PMID: 38348352 PMCID: PMC10859445 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1315965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive of cancers; if not treated early, it can metastasize rapidly. Therefore, drug therapy plays an important role in the treatment of melanoma. Cinobufagin, an active ingredient derived from Venenum bufonis, can inhibit the growth and development of melanoma. However, the mechanism underlying its therapeutic effects is unclear. The purpose of this study was to predict the potential targets of cinobufagin in melanoma. We gathered known and predicted targets for cinobufagin from four online databases. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were then performed. Gene expression data were downloaded from the GSE46517 dataset, and differential gene expression analysis and weighted gene correlation network analysis were performed to identify melanoma-related genes. Using input melanoma-related genes and drug targets in the STRING online database and applying molecular complex detection (MCODE) analysis, we identified key targets that may be the potential targets of cinobufagin in melanoma. Moreover, we assessed the distribution of the pharmacological targets of cinobufagin in melanoma key clusters using single-cell data from the GSE215120 dataset obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The crucial targets of cinobufagin in melanoma were identified from the intersection of key clusters with melanoma-related genes and drug targets. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, survival analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation were performed to gain further insights. Our findings suggest that cinobufagin may affect melanoma by arresting the cell cycle by inhibiting three protein tyrosine/serine kinases (EGFR, ERBB2, and CDK2). However, our conclusions are not supported by relevant experimental data and require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Peoples Hospital of Yudu County, Ganzhou, China
| | - Chunchao Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuolin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro Injury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China
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3
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Zhang H, Jian B, Kuang H. Pharmacological Effects of Cinobufagin. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940889. [PMID: 37743616 PMCID: PMC10540643 DOI: 10.12659/msm.940889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinobufagin (CBF) is a bufadienolide, which is a major active ingredient of toad venom. In recent years, CBF has attracted increasing attention due to its highly potent and multiple pharmacological activities. To better understand the status of research on CBF, we collated recent studies on CBF to provide a valuable reference for clinical researchers and practitioners. According to reports, CBF exhibits extensive pharmacological properties, including antitumor, analgesic, cardioprotection, immunomodulatory, antifibrotic, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects. Studies on the pharmacological activity of CBF have mainly focused on its anticancer activity. It has been demonstrated that CBF has a therapeutic effect on liver cancer, osteosarcoma, melanoma, colorectal cancer, acute promyelocytic leukemia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, multiple myeloma, gastric cancer, and breast cancer. However, the direct molecular targets of CBF are currently unknown. In addition, there are few reports on toxicological and pharmacokinetic of CBF. Subsequent studies focusing on these aspects will help promote the development and application of CBF in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Baiyu Jian
- Institute of Polygenic Disease, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
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Dai CL, Zhang RJ, An P, Deng YQ, Rahman K, Zhang H. Cinobufagin: a promising therapeutic agent for cancer. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:1141-1153. [PMID: 37390473 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cinobufagin is a natural active ingredient isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Venenum Bufonis (Chinese: Chansu), which is the dried secretion of the postauricular gland or skin gland of the Bufo gargarizans Cantor or Bufo melanostictus Schneider. There is increasing evidence indicating that cinobufagin plays an important role in the treatment of cancer. This article is to review and discuss the antitumor pharmacological effects and mechanisms of cinobufagin, along with a description of its toxicity and pharmacokinetics. METHODS The public databases including PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Elsevier were referenced, and 'cinobufagin', 'Chansu', 'Venenum Bufonis', 'anticancer', 'cancer', 'carcinoma', and 'apoptosis' were used as keywords to summarize the comprehensive research and applications of cinobufagin published up to date. KEY FINDINGS Cinobufagin can induce tumour cell apoptosis and cycle arrest, inhibit tumour cell proliferation, migration, invasion and autophagy, reduce angiogenesis and reverse tumour cell multidrug resistance, through triggering DNA damage and activating the mitochondrial pathway and the death receptor pathway. CONCLUSIONS Cinobufagin has the potential to be further developed as a new drug against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lan Dai
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Run-Jing Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei An
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Qing Deng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, China
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Asrorov AM, Kayumov M, Mukhamedov N, Yashinov A, Mirakhmetova Z, Huang Y, Yili A, Aisa HA, Tashmukhamedov M, Salikhov S, Mirzaakhmedov S. Toad venom bufadienolides and bufotoxins: An updated review. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:815-838. [PMID: 37154099 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Bufadienolides, naturally found in toad venoms having steroid-like structures, reveal antiproliferative effects at low doses. However, their application as anticancer drugs is strongly prevented by their Na+ /K+ -ATPase binding activities. Although several kinds of research were dedicated to moderating their Na+ /K+ -ATPase binding activity, still deeper fundamental knowledge is required to bring these findings into medical practice. In this work, we reviewed data related to anticancer activity of bufadienolides such as bufalin, arenobufagin, bufotalin, gamabufotalin, cinobufotalin, and cinobufagin and their derivatives. Bufotoxins, derivatives of bufadienolides containing polar molecules mainly belonging to argininyl residues, are reviewed as well. The established structures of bufotoxins have been compiled into a one-page figure to review their structures. We also highlighted advances in the structure-modification of the structure of compounds in this class. Drug delivery approaches to target these compounds to tumor cells were discussed in one section. The issues related to extraction, identification, and quantification are separated into another section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akmal M Asrorov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Department of Natural Substances Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Muzaffar Kayumov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Nurkhodja Mukhamedov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Ansor Yashinov
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, CAS, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ziyoda Mirakhmetova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, CAS, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
| | - Abulimiti Yili
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Urumqi, China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Urumqi, China
| | | | - Shavkat Salikhov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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Sun M, Huang D, Liu Y, Chen H, Yu H, Zhang G, Chen Q, Chen H, Zhang J. Effects of Cinobufagin on the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of H1299 Lung Cancer Cells. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200961. [PMID: 36522286 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cinobufagin (CB), with its steroidal nucleus structure, is one of the major, biologically active components of Chan Su. Recent studies have shown that CB exerts inhibitory effects against numerous cancer cells. However, the effects of CB regarding the metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the involved mechanisms need to be further studied. The purpose of the present study aimed to report the inhibitory function of CB against proliferation and metastasis of H1299 cells. CB inhibited proliferation of H1299 lung cancer cells with an IC50 value of 0.035±0.008 μM according to the results of MTT assays. Antiproliferative activity was also observed in colony forming cell assays. In addition, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) retention assays revealed that CB significantly inhibited the rate of DNA synthesis in H1299 cells. Moreover, results of the scratch wound healing assays and transwell migration assays displayed that CB exhibited significant inhibition against migration and invasion of H1299 cells. Furthermore, CB could concentration-dependently reduce the expression of integrin α2, β-catenin, FAK, Src, c-Myc, and STAT3 in H1299 cells. These western blotting results indicated that CB might target integrin α2, β-catenin, FAK and Src to suppress invasion and migration of NSCLC, which was consistent with the network pharmacology analysis results. Collectively, findings of the current study suggest that CB possesses promising activity against NSCLC growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingna Sun
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Dongyu Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.,Guangdong Provincial Institute of Biological Products and Materia Medica, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haifang Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Qilei Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hubiao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
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7
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Wang C, Mei X, Wu Y, Yang Y, Zeng Z. Cinobufagin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by regulating autophagy through activation of the p53/mTOR pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:994625. [PMID: 36518680 PMCID: PMC9742439 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.994625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe clinical disorder characterized by dysregulated inflammatory responses, leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Cinobufagin, a primary component isolated from cinobufotalin, exerts strong anticancer effects. However, there are few reports on its role in ALI, and it is unclear whether cinobufagin affects lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of cinobufagin on LPS-induced ALI and to assess its potential mechanism of action. The results showed that cinobufagin alleviated lung histopathological changes and protected the permeability of lung tissues in LPS-induced ALI. In addition, cinobufagin effectively suppressed inflammatory responses through the induction of autophagy in LPS-induced ALI cells and in a mouse model. Moreover, cinobufagin enhanced autophagy through the p53/mTOR pathway in LPS-induced ALI. Herein, it was reported for the first time that cinobufagin inhibited the inflammatory response of LPS-induced ALI, which laid the foundation for further understanding and development of cinobufagin as a potential new drug for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianghuang Mei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Yanrong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenguo Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Liang P, Ma Y, Yang L, Mao L, Sun Q, Sun C, Liu Z, Mazhar M, Yang S, Ren W. Uncovering the Mechanisms of Active Components from Toad Venom against Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Untargeted Metabolomics. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227758. [PMID: 36431859 PMCID: PMC9694973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Toad venom, a dried product of secretion from Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor or Bufo melanostictus Schneider, has had the therapeutic effects of hepatocellular carcinoma confirmed. Bufalin and cinobufagin were considered as the two most representative antitumor active components in toad venom. However, the underlying mechanisms of this antitumor effect have not been fully implemented, especially the changes in endogenous small molecules after treatment. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the intrinsic mechanism on hepatocellular carcinoma after the cotreatment of bufalin and cinobufagin based on untargeted tumor metabolomics. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was performed to identify the absorbed components of toad venom in rat plasma. In vitro experiments were determined to evaluate the therapeutic effects of bufalin and cinobufagin and screen the optimal ratio between them. An in vivo HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mice model was established, and a series of pharmacodynamic indicators were determined, including the body weight of mice, tumor volume, tumor weight, and histopathological examination of tumor. Further, the entire metabolic alterations in tumor after treating with bufalin and cinobufagin were also profiled by UHPLC-MS/MS. Twenty-seven active components from toad venom were absorbed in rat plasma. We found that the cotreatment of bufalin and cinobufagin exerted significant antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo, which were reflected in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of HepG2 cells and thereby causing cell necrosis. After cotherapy of bufalin and cinobufagin for twenty days, compared with the normal group, fifty-six endogenous metabolites were obviously changed on HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mice. Meanwhile, the abundance of α-linolenic acid and phenethylamine after the bufalin and cinobufagin intervention was significantly upregulated, which involved phenylalanine metabolism and α-linolenic acid metabolism. Furthermore, we noticed that amino acid metabolites were also altered in HepG2 tumor after drug intervention, such as norvaline and Leu-Ala. Taken together, the cotreatment of bufalin and cinobufagin has significant antitumor effects on HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mice. Our work demonstrated that the in-depth mechanism of antitumor activity was mainly through the regulation of phenylalanine metabolism and α-Linolenic acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 853, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yining Ma
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Luyin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Linshen Mao
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qin Sun
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Changzhen Sun
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zengjin Liu
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Maryam Mazhar
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Sijin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 853, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (W.R.)
| | - Wei Ren
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (W.R.)
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9
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He K, Wang GX, Zhao LN, Cui XF, Su XB, Shi Y, Xie TP, Hou SW, Han ZG. Cinobufagin Is a Selective Anti-Cancer Agent against Tumors with EGFR Amplification and PTEN Deletion. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:775602. [PMID: 34925034 PMCID: PMC8672866 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.775602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant brain tumor, and almost half of the patients carrying EGFR-driven tumor with PTEN deficiency are resistant to EGFR-targeted therapy. EGFR amplification and/or mutation is reported in various epithelial tumors. This series of studies aimed to identify a potent compound against EGFR-driven tumor. We screened a chemical library containing over 600 individual compounds purified from Traditional Chinese Medicine against GBM cells with EGFR amplification and found that cinobufagin, the major active ingredient of Chansu, inhibited the proliferation of EGFR amplified GBM cells and PTEN deficiency enhanced its anti-proliferation effects. Cinobufagin also strongly inhibited the proliferation of carcinoma cell lines with wild-type or mutant EGFR expression. In contrast, the compound only weakly inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells with low or without EGFR expression. Cinobufagin blocked EGFR phosphorylation and its downstream signaling, which additionally induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in EGFR amplified cancer cells. In vivo, cinobufagin blocked EGFR signaling, inhibited cell proliferation, and elicited apoptosis, thereby suppressing tumor growth in both subcutaneous and intracranial U87MG-EGFR xenograft mouse models and increasing the median survival of nude mice bearing intracranial U87MG-EGFR tumors. Cinobufagin is a potential therapeutic agent for treating malignant glioma and other human cancers expressing EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyan He
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Nan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Bin Su
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Pei Xie
- Shanghai Nature Standard Technical Services Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Shang-Wei Hou
- Key Laboratory for Translational Research and Innovative Therapeutics of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Department of Anesthesiology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Tongren Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Hangzhou Innovation Institute for Systems Oncology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Guang Han
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Hangzhou Innovation Institute for Systems Oncology, Hangzhou, China
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Jo S, Yang E, Lee Y, Jeon D, Namkung W. Cinobufagin Exerts Anticancer Activity in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells through Downregulation of ANO1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12037. [PMID: 34769467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoctamin1 (ANO1), a calcium-activated chloride channel, is frequently overexpressed in several cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). OSCC is a highly aggressive cancer and the most common oral malignancy. ANO1 has been proposed as a potential candidate for targeted anticancer therapy. In this study, we performed a cell-based screening to identify novel regulators leading to the downregulation of ANO1, and discovered cinobufagin, which downregulated ANO1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma CAL-27 cells. ANO1 protein levels were significantly reduced by cinobufagin in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of ~26 nM. Unlike previous ANO1 inhibitors, short-term (≤10 min) exposure to cinobufagin did not alter ANO1 chloride channel activity and ANO1-dependent intestinal smooth muscle contraction, whereas long-term (24 h) exposure to cinobufagin significantly reduced phosphorylation of STAT3 and mRNA expression of ANO1 in CAL-27 cells. Notably, cinobufagin inhibited cell proliferation of CAL-27 cells expressing high levels of ANO1 more potently than that of ANO1 knockout CAL-27 cells. In addition, cinobufagin significantly reduced cell migration and induced caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage in CAL-27 cells. These results suggest that downregulation of ANO1 by cinobufagin is a potential mechanism for the anticancer effect of cinobufagin in OSCC.
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11
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Hsu SS, Lin YS, Liang WZ. Investigation of cytotoxic effect of the bufanolide steroid compound cinobufagin and its related underlying mechanism in brain cell models. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22862. [PMID: 34309954 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cinobufagin, a bufadienolide of toad venom of Bufo bufo gargarizans, is used as a cardiotonic, central nervous system (CNS) respiratory agent, as well as an analgesic and anesthetic. However, several research showed that bufadienolide has a few side effects on the CNS, such as breathlessness or coma. Although cinobufagin was shown to display pharmacological effects in various models, the toxic effect of cinobufagin is elusive in brain cell models. The aim of this study was to explore whether cinobufagin affected viability, Ca2+ homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Gibco® Human Astrocyte (GHA) and HCN-2 neuronal cell line. In GHA cells but not in HCN-2 cells, cinobufagin (20-60 μM) induced [Ca2+ ]i rises. In terms of cell viability, chelation of cytosolic Ca2+ with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N'N'-tetraacetic acid reduced cinobufagin-induced cytotoxicity in GHA cells. In GHA cells, cinobufagin-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate or SKF96365. In a Ca2+ -free medium, treatment with thapsigargin or U73122 abolished cinobufagin-evoked [Ca2+ ]i rises. Furthermore, treatment with N-acetylcysteine reversed ROS production and cytotoxicity in cinobufagin-treated GHA cells. Together, in GHA cells but not in HCN-2 cells cinobufagin caused cytotoxicity that was linked to preceding [Ca2+ ]i rises by Ca2+ influx via store-operated Ca2+ entry and phospholipase C-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, cinobufagin induced ROS-associated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Health and Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shang Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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12
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Zhang J, Hong Y, Xie P, Chen Y, Jiang L, Yang Z, Cao G, Chen Z, Liu X, Chen Y, Wu Y, Cai Z. Spatial Lipidomics Reveals Anticancer Mechanisms of Bufalin in Combination with Cinobufagin in Tumor-Bearing Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:593815. [PMID: 33597874 PMCID: PMC7883642 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.593815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bufalin (BFL) and cinobufagin (CBF) are the principal bioactive constituents of Chansu, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The synergistic effects of potential active components are responsible for the bioactivities of TCM. Our results showed that the cotreatment with BFL and CBF confers superior anticancer efficacy compared to monotreatment. To reveal the underlying mechanisms of their cotreatment, an integrated method composed of mass spectrometry-based lipidomics and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging was used to delineate the responses of tumor-bearing mice treated with BFL and CBF individually or in combination. The cotreatment with BFL and CBF modulated the sphingolipid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism, and subsequently led to mitochondria-driven apoptosis and systemic disruption of biomembranes in tumor cells. Furthermore, we found that the disturbed lipid markers were mainly located in the non-necrotic tumor areas, the essential parts for the formation of solid tumor framework. Together, our findings revealed what occurred in tumor in response to the treatment of BFL and CBF, from lipids to enzymes, and thus provide insights into the critical role of lipid reprogramming in the satisfactory anticancer effect of BFL in combination with CBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Hong
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peisi Xie
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lilong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guodong Cao
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjiang Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Zhang J, Shu C, Yi X, Zhu J, Lian X, Wu Y. Response Surface Methodology to Optimize the Combination Treatment of Paclitaxel, Bufalin and Cinobufagin for Hepatoma Therapy. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:1727-1735. [PMID: 33172373 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666201110153327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatoma is a common malignancy in the world with high morbidity and mortality. The treatment of hepatoma is limited by its poor response to many chemotherapeutic agents. Although paclitaxel (PTX) is widely used in clinical chemotherapy, the low sensitivity to hepatoma restricts its application. Combination therapy is a promising approach to resolve this dilemma. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the interaction between paclitaxel, bufalin (BFL) and cinobufagin (CBF), and explore the optimum combination efficiently. METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with PTX, BFL and CBF individually or in combination. Their interactions were evaluated by two classical models (Chou-Talalay model and Bliss independence). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to explore the optimum combination. Furthermore, the optimum drug combination was verified by the morphological experiment. RESULTS Synergistic effects were observed when cells were exposed to binary mixtures of PTX+CBF and BFL+CBF. Although the interaction of PTX and BFL was summative, a strong synergistic effect was observed when cells were exposed to ternary mixtures of PTX+BFL+CBF. The interaction results of RSM were consistent with classical models, but more efficient. Moreover, the optimum combination dose was given by RSM without the combinatorial explosion of exhaustive testing. CONCLUSION The combination of BFL and CBF synergistically enhanced the potency of PTX against HepG2 cells. RSM could give an accurate evaluation for drug interactions and efficient prediction of optimum combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chenyan Shu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaojiao Yi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junfeng Zhu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Lian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yongjiang Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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14
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Kim GH, Fang XQ, Lim WJ, Park J, Kang TB, Kim JH, Lim JH. Cinobufagin Suppresses Melanoma Cell Growth by Inhibiting LEF1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6706. [PMID: 32933177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the β-catenin dependent canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which enhances tumor growth and progression in multiple types of cancer, is commonly observed in melanoma. LEF1 activates β-catenin/TCF4 transcriptional activity, promoting tumor growth and progression. Although several reports have shown that LEF1 is highly expressed in melanoma, the functional role of LEF1 in melanoma growth is not fully understood. While A375, A2058, and G361 melanoma cells exhibit abnormally high LEF1 expression, lung cancer cells express lower LEF1 levels. A luciferase assay-based high throughput screening (HTS) with a natural compound library showed that cinobufagin suppressed β-catenin/TCF4 transcriptional activity by inhibiting LEF1 expression. Cinobufagin decreases LEF1 expression in a dose-dependent manner and Wnt/β-catenin target genes such as Axin-2, cyclin D1, and c-Myc in melanoma cell lines. Cinobufagin sensitively attenuates cell viability and induces apoptosis in LEF1 expressing melanoma cells compared to LEF1-low expressing lung cancer cells. In addition, ectopic LEF1 expression is sufficient to attenuate cinobufagin-induced apoptosis and cell growth retardation in melanoma cells. Thus, we suggest that cinobufagin is a potential anti-melanoma drug that suppresses tumor-promoting Wnt/β-catenin signaling via LEF1 inhibition.
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15
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Zhang L, Huang X, Guo T, Wang H, Fan H, Fang L. Study of Cinobufagin as a Promising Anticancer Agent in Uveal Melanoma Through Intrinsic Apoptosis Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:325. [PMID: 32300551 PMCID: PMC7142239 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular carcinoma in adults. Cinobufagin, secreted by the Asiatic toad Bufo gargarizans, is a traditional Chinese medicine, widely used in tumor treatment. Here, we explored the potential antitumor function of cinobufagin and investigated its biochemical mechanisms in UM cells. The antitumor potential of cinobufagin was determined via cell viability, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays. Colony formation assays confirmed that cinobufagin exerted potent antitumor activity in a dose-dependent manner. We found that cinobufagin could induce cell apoptosis and upregulate the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and cleaved caspase-9 in vivo and in vitro. In addition, after treatment with increased concentrations of cinobufagin, the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was also activated, which was demonstrated by increased cell apoptosis with increased expression of Bad and Bax, decreased expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in OCM1 cells. Taken together, the results of this preclinical study suggest that cinobufagin can both inhibit cell survival and induce cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in UM cells, which provides new insights into the biochemical mechanism of cinobufagin and its potential as a future chemotherapeutic agent for UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huixue Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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16
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Deng X, Sheng J, Liu H, Wang N, Dai C, Wang Z, Zhang J, Zhao J, Dai E. Cinobufagin Promotes Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis to Block Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Growth via the p73 Signalling Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 42:1500-1509. [PMID: 31474710 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cinobufagin isolated from traditional Chinese herbs has antitumour, anaesthetic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Recently, the antitumour activity of cinobufagin has attracted increasing attention from researchers. However, the anticancer activity of this drug on esophageal cancer cells and the precise mechanism are unclear. In this study, we determined the inhibitory effect of cinobufagin on the growth of three esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and explored its underlying mechanism. EC-109, Kyse-150, and Kyse-520 cells were treated with different concentrations of cinobufagin. The results of the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and clone formation assays showed that cinobufagin significantly reduced cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Also, flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 staining indicated that the inhibition of growth induced by cinobufagin was mediated by G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, the expression of proteins related to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis was assessed by real-time quantitative (q)RT-PCR and Western blot. The results showed that cinobufagin caused G2/M arrest via upregulation of p21 and Wee1 and downregulation of cyclin B1 and Cdc2 at the mRNA and protein levels and induced apoptosis via upregulation of cleaved caspase-3, Puma and Noxa expression and an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Other data further showed that cinobufagin increased p73 expression and decreased Mdm2 expression, whereas p53 expression was not significantly changed. Taken together, these results suggest that growth inhibition of cinobufagin in esophageal cancer cells might act through the p73 pathway and its downstream molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Deng
- Postgraduate Training Basement, Chinese People's Armed Police Force Characteristic Medical Center, Jinzhou Medical University
| | - Jiexia Sheng
- Postgraduate Training Basement, Chinese People's Armed Police Force Characteristic Medical Center, Jinzhou Medical University
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chinese People's Armed Police Force Characteristic Medical Center
| | - Nannan Wang
- Postgraduate Training Basement, Chinese People's Armed Police Force Characteristic Medical Center, Jinzhou Medical University
| | - Cuoji Dai
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Chinese People's Armed Police Force Characteristic Medical Center
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chinese People's Armed Police Force Characteristic Medical Center
| | - Jianye Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chinese People's Armed Police Force Characteristic Medical Center
| | - Erqing Dai
- Department of Military Health Care, Chinese People's Armed Police Force Characteristic Medical Center
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17
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Zhang C, Ma K, Li WY. Cinobufagin Suppresses The Characteristics Of Osteosarcoma Cancer Cells By Inhibiting The IL-6-OPN-STAT3 Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:4075-4090. [PMID: 31824138 PMCID: PMC6900468 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s224312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Current clinical treatments for osteosarcoma are limited by disease recurrence and primary or secondary chemoresistance. Cancer stem-like cells have been proposed to facilitate the initiation, progression, recurrence and chemoresistance of osteosarcoma. Furthermore, previous studies have reported that IL-6-STAT3 pathway is overexpressed in various types of cancer and contributes to cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion/migration, chemoresistance and modulation of stemness features. Aim To examined the effect of cinobufagin on cancer progression and modulation of stemness features in osteosarcoma, and investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying such effects. Methods Human osteosarcoma cell lines U2OS/MG-63 were recruited in this study. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were determined by MTT assay, colony formation assay,wound healing assay, and cell invasion assay respectively. Its effect on stemness was assessed by flow cytometry and mammosphere formation. The protein expression levels of related proteins were detected by Western blot. The xenograft model, immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the effect of cinobufagin on tumorigenicity in vivo experiment. Results We found that cinobufagin suppressed the viability of U2OS/MG-63 spheroids/parent cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner. Notably, cinobufagin had no effect on the viability of hFOB 1.19 cells. Moreover, cinobufagin induced apoptosis, increased the width of wounds, reduced invasive osteosarcoma spheroids/parent cell numbers and reduced EMT phenotype and OPN levels in U2OS/MG-63 spheroids as well as U2OS/MG-63 parent cells lines. Noticeablely, we found that OPN levels were higher in spheroids group than that in parent cells. In addition, cinobufagin ameliorated the proportion of CD133-positive cells, the size of spheroids and Nanog, Sox-2 and Oct3/4 protein levels. Our in vivo experiments showed that cinobufagin consistently reduced tumor volume,the expressions of OPN, Sox-2, Oct3/4, Nanog and p-STAT3 by the immuno histochemistry staining as well as CD133 expression in tumor tissues by immunofluorescence analysis. From a mechanistic point of view, cinobufagin was shown to inhibit IL-6-OPN-STAT3 signaling pathway. Exogenous IL-6/OE-OPN/overexpression STAT3 attenuated the induction of cinobufagin-mediated apoptosis and the suppression of stemness properties respectively. Conclusion Collectively, our data demonstrated that cinobufagin inhibited the viability and tumorigenesis capability of osteosarcoma cells by blocking IL-6- OPN-STAT3 signaling pathway. Cinobufagin may therefore represent a promising therapeutic agent for osteosarcoma management. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/a2KF0PMRBDo
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zhang
- Luoyang Orthopaedic-Traumatological Hospital and Henan Orthopaedic Hospital, Luoyang, Henan 471002, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Ma
- Luoyang Orthopaedic-Traumatological Hospital and Henan Orthopaedic Hospital, Luoyang, Henan 471002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Yin Li
- Luoyang Orthopaedic-Traumatological Hospital and Henan Orthopaedic Hospital, Luoyang, Henan 471002, People's Republic of China
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18
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Zhu S, Liu D, Hu W, Yang H. [Effect of cinobufagin on transient outward potassium current in dorsal root ganglion cells of rats with cancer-induced bone pain]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2019; 39:1078-1082. [PMID: 31640967 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.09.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of cinobufagin on transient outward potassium current (IA) in rat dorsal root ganglion cells of cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) and explore the possible analgesic mechanism of cinobufagin. METHODS Whole cell patch clamp technique was used to examine the effect of cionbufagin on IA in acutely isolated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells from normal SD rats and rats with bone cancer pain. RESULTS The DRG cells from rats with CIBP showed obviously decreased IA current density, an activation curve shift to the right, and an inactivation curve shift to the left. Cinobufagin treatment significantly increased the IA current density and reversed the changes in the activation and inactivation curves in the DRG cells. CONCLUSIONS IA current is decreased in DRG neurons from rats with CIBP. Cinobufagin can regulate the activation and inactivation of IA current in the DRG cells, which may be related to its analgesic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhu
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
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19
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Li X, Bi Z, Liu S, Gao S, Cui Y, Huang K, Huang M, Mao J, Li L, Gao J, Sun T, Zhou H, Yang C. Antifibrotic Mechanism of Cinobufagin in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1021. [PMID: 31572194 PMCID: PMC6753632 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and usually fatal lung disease that is characterized by fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix remodeling, which result in irreversible distortion of the lung's architecture and the formation of focal fibrous hyperplasia. The molecular mechanism by which pulmonary fibrosis develops is not fully understood, and no satisfactory treatment currently exists. However, many studies consider that aberrant activation of TGF-β1 frequently promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibroblast activation in pulmonary fibrosis. Cinobufagin (CBG), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used for long-term pain relief, cardiac stimulation, and anti-inflammatory and local anesthetic treatments. However, its role in pulmonary fibrosis has not yet been established. We investigated the hypothesis that cinobufagin plays an inhibitory role on TGF-β1 signaling using a luciferase-reporter assay. We further explored the effect of cinobufagin on pulmonary fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro experiments showed that cinobufagin suppresses TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling in a dose-dependent manner, attenuates the activation and differentiation of lung fibroblasts and inhibits EMT induced by TGF-β1 in alveolar epithelial cells. The in vivo experiments indicated that cinobufagin significantly alleviates bleomycin-induced collagen deposition and improves pulmonary function. Further study showed that cinobufagin could attenuate bleomycin-induced inflammation and inhibit fibroblast activation and the EMT process in vivo. In summary, cinobufagin attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice via suppressing inflammation, fibroblast activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhun Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuaishuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaoyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunyao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiahe Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjing Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Honggang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
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20
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Pan Z, Zhang X, Yu P, Chen X, Lu P, Li M, Liu X, Li Z, Wei F, Wang K, Zheng Q, Li D. Cinobufagin Induces Cell Cycle Arrest at the G2/M Phase and Promotes Apoptosis in Malignant Melanoma Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:853. [PMID: 31552178 PMCID: PMC6738445 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that cinobufagin, as an active ingredient of Venenum Bufonis, inhibits tumor development. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of cinobufagin on A375 human malignant melanoma cells. MTT and colony formation assays showed that cinobufagin significantly inhibited A375 cell proliferation and cell colony formation. Additional studies demonstrated that cinobufagin markedly increased the levels of ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM) and checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) and decreased the levels of cell division cycle 25C (CDC25C), cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), and cyclin B, subsequently inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest in A375 cells. Moreover, cinobufagin clearly inhibited the levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K), AKT, p-AKT, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). By contrast, it increased the levels of Bcl-2-associated death promoter, Bcl-2-associated X, cytoplasmic cytochrome C, and apoptotic protease activating factor 1, leading to increased levels of cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3, resulting in the apoptosis of A375 cells. Together, these results indicate that cinobufagin can induce cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis, leading to inhibition of A375/B16 cell proliferation. Thus, cinobufagin may be useful for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohai Pan
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Minjing Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Fei Wei
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Kejun Wang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Defang Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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21
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Cao YT, Cui KK, Wu JH, Pan HY, Lu ZY, Shao JF, Wang LH. [Correlative study of bufogenin constituents in venom of Bufo bufo gargarizans]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:1850-1856. [PMID: 31342712 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190222.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As known,simultaneous determination of various chemical indicators is one of the future trends in quality control of traditional Chinese medicines because of the extremely complex chemical compositions. This project is to screen the quality markers that can accurately control the quality of the Bufonis Venenum by exploring the intrinsic correlation of components. In this study,venom of Bufo bufo gargarizans from 17 different sources were used as research samples,and the contents of 7 bufogenin were determined by HPLC-DAD. Then,the data obtained were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis and principal component analysis( PCA). In addition,a stepwise regression analysis was used to establish a predictive model for the contents of the seven bufogenin components( independent variable) and the total contents of the bufogenin( dependent variable). The results indicated that there is a significant positive correlation between the contents of telocinobufagin and cinobufotalin,and there is a significant positive correlation between the contents of bufalin,cinobufagin and resibufogenin. In contrast,the contents of telocinobufagin and cinobufotalin are negatively correlated with the contents of bufalin,cinobufagin and resibufogenin. However,the correlation between gamabufotalin and bufotalin and other components are not obvious. Furthermore,further study found that there is a correlation between the sum of the contents of bufalin,cinobufagin and telocinobufagin and the total contents of the bufogenin. In fact,the application of bufalin,cinobufagin and telocinobufagin as the quality control indicators of the Bufonis Venenum can better reflect the quality characteristics of the Bufonis Venenum compared with the previous quality control indicators. The conclusions will provide a reference for the revision of the quality standards of the Bufonis Venenum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ting Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058,China
| | - Ke-Ke Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058,China
| | - Ji-Heng Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058,China
| | - Hong-Ye Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058,China
| | - Zheng-Yu Lu
- Jiangsu Jingchan Biological Resources Development Co.,Ltd. Xuyi 211700,China
| | - Jia-Feng Shao
- Jiangsu Jingchan Biological Resources Development Co.,Ltd. Xuyi 211700,China
| | - Long-Hu Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058,China
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22
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Li X, Chen C, Dai Y, Huang C, Han Q, Jing L, Ma Y, Xu Y, Liu Y, Zhao L, Wang J, Sun X, Yao X. Cinobufagin suppresses colorectal cancer angiogenesis by disrupting the endothelial mammalian target of rapamycin/hypoxia-inducible factor 1α axis. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1724-1734. [PMID: 30839155 PMCID: PMC6501006 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancers that sustains tumor growth and metastasis. Neovascularization is a surprisingly early event during the multistage progression of cancer. Cinobufagin, an important bufadienolide originating from Chan Su, has been clinically used to treat cancer in China since the Tang dynasty. Here, we show that cinobufagin suppresses colorectal cancer (CRC) growth in vivo by downregulating angiogenesis. The hierarchized neovasculature is significantly decreased and the vascular network formation is disrupted in HUVEC by cinobufagin in a dose‐dependent way. Endothelial apoptosis is observed by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction which can be neutralized by N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine (NAC). Expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) is reduced and phosphorylation of mTOR at Ser2481 and Akt at Ser473 is downregulated in HUVEC. Endothelial apoptosis is triggered by cinobufagin by stimulation of Bax and cascade activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3. Increased endothelial apoptosis rate and alterations in the HIF‐1α/mTOR pathway are recapitulated in tumor‐bearing mice in vivo. Further, the anti‐angiogenesis function of cinobufagin is consolidated based on its pro‐apoptotic effects on an EOMA‐derived hemangioendothelioma model. In conclusion, cinobufagin suppresses tumor neovascularization by disrupting the endothelial mTOR/HIF‐1α pathway to trigger ROS‐mediated vascular endothelial cell apoptosis. Cinobufagin is a promising natural anti‐angiogenetic drug that has clinical translation potential and practical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital & School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengzhi Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinrui Han
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Jing
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihua Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuegang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Zhang G, Wang C, Sun M, Li J, Wang B, Jin C, Hua P, Song G, Zhang Y, Nguyen LLH, Cui R, Liu R, Wang L, Zhang X. Cinobufagin inhibits tumor growth by inducing intrinsic apoptosis through AKT signaling pathway in human nonsmall cell lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:28935-46. [PMID: 26959116 PMCID: PMC5045368 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cinobufagin (CB) has a broad spectrum of cytotoxicity to inhibit cell proliferation of various human cancer cell lines, but the molecular mechanisms still remain elusive. Here we observed that CB inhibited the cell proliferation and tumor growth, but induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Treatment with CB significantly increased the reactive oxygen species but decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in NSCLC cells. These effects were markedly blocked when the cells were pretreated with N-acetylcysteine, a specific reactive oxygen species inhibitor. Furthermore, treatment with CB induced the expression of BAX but reduced that of BCL-2, BCL-XL and MCL-1, leading to an activation of caspase-3, chromatin condensation and DNA degradation in order to induce programmed cell death in NSCLC cells. In addition, treatment with CB reduced the expressions of p-AKTT308 and p-AKTS473 and inhibited the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in NSCLC cells in a time-dependent manner. Our results suggest that CB inhibits tumor growth by inducing intrinsic apoptosis through the AKT signaling pathway in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department of Integrative Endemic Area, Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Mei Sun
- Department of Pathology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Jindong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Chengyan Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Peiyan Hua
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Ge Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Lisa L H Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Runhua Liu
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lizhong Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Xingyi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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Chen T, Yuan S, Wan XN, Zhan L, Yu XQ, Zeng JH, Li H, Zhang W, Hu XY, Ye YF, Hu W. Chinese herb cinobufagin-reduced cancer pain is associated with increased peripheral opioids by invaded CD3/4/8 lymphocytes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11425-41. [PMID: 28002791 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the mechanism of cinobufagin-reduced cancer pain in mouse cancer pain model and in vitro cell co-culture system. Methods Female Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. One group of animals was set as normal control without any treatment. Other three groups of animals received H22 hepatoma cell inoculation in right hind paw. At day 9 after inoculation, mice in other three groups were injected intraperitoneally once a day for 8 days with the solvent, morphine or cinobufagin, respectively. The pain behavior was recorded daily. On the last day, all mice were sacrificed and xenograft tissues homogenate and plasma levels of β-endorphin (β-END), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were assessed by ELISA assay. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression of β-END, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and the μ-opioid receptor (μ-OR) in the xenograft tissues. Immunofluorescence was used to localize lymphocytes with expression of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ in xenograft tumors and adjacent tissues. Mice splenic lymphocytes and H22 hepatoma carcinoma ascites cells were prepared for co-culture. β-END and CRF were detected in co-culture supernatants. The MTT assay and cytometry were used to assess cell proliferation. RT-PCR was conducted to determine the gene expression of POMC and Cathepsin L (CTSL). Chemotaxis was examined using a transwell-based migration assay. Results Compared to the model group, the thermal and mechanical pain thresholds were increased in mice after cinobufagin treatment. The expression of β-END and CRF in the plasma and tumor tissues of cinobufagin group were much higher than that of the model group mice, but the expression of IL-1β in the plasma and tumor tissues was much lower than that in the model group mice. Meanwhile, the expression of β-END, POMC and μ-OR proteins was significantly increased in the xenograft tissues from cinobufagin group. Lymphocyte population of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ were also elevated in xenograft tumors and adjacent tissues. In the cell co-culture assays, the content of β-END in the supernatant was significantly increased by cinobufagin in a dose-dependent manner. Cinobufagin also largely increased the proliferation of immune cells and inhibited H22 hepatoma carcinoma cell proliferation in single or co-culture cell assays. Gene expression of POMC and CTSL in cinobufagin group was significantly up-regulated comparing to the control group. Finally, cinobufagin addition enhanced the migration of immune cells in transwell assay. Conclusions Cinobufagin-induced local analgesic effect might be associated with increased activity of POMC/β-END/μ-OR pathway released from invaded CD3/4/8 lymphocytes in cancer tissues.
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Dai G, Yu L, Yang J, Xia K, Zhang Z, Liu G, Gao T, Guo W. The synergistic antitumor effect of cinobufagin and cisplatin in human osteosarcoma cell line in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85150-68. [PMID: 29156710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) has been shown to be a promising anticancer drug that is effective against many types of cancer, which include osteosarcoma (OS). However, its therapeutic application is restricted by its toxicity in normal tissues and by side effects caused in patients. Reduction of the toxicity of CDDP is necessary to improve cancer treatment. In the present study, we attempted to clarify how cinobufagin, a traditional Chinese medicine, enhances CDDP-induced cytotoxicity in OS cells. OS 143B cells were treated with cinobufagin and CDDP alone or in combination. After low dose combined treatments with cinobufagin and CDDP, the effects of these therapeutics on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, invasion, and involvement in Notch pathway, as well as tumor growth and metastatic capability were determined. It was found that the combination of low doses of cinobufagin and CDDP markedly inhibited cell activity, motility, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in S phase, as well as suppressing tumor growth, metastasis and prolonging longer survival of nude mice in OS xenograft models compared with the actions of either drug alone or vehicle. The results also demonstrated that cinobufagin plus CDDP significantly suppressed the Notch pathway. The anticancer mechanism of these two drugs may involve intervention in the Notch signaling, which may contribute to inhibit tumor growth. All of these results suggest that application of lower concentration cinobufagin plus CDDP could produce a synergistic antitumor effect and this finding warrants further investigation for its potential clinical applications in human OS patients.
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