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Lynch AR, Bradford S, Zhou AS, Oxendine K, Henderson L, Horner VL, Weaver BA, Burkard ME. A survey of chromosomal instability measures across mechanistic models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309621121. [PMID: 38588415 PMCID: PMC11032477 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309621121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is the persistent reshuffling of cancer karyotypes via chromosome mis-segregation during cell division. In cancer, CIN exists at varying levels that have differential effects on tumor progression. However, mis-segregation rates remain challenging to assess in human cancer despite an array of available measures. We evaluated measures of CIN by comparing quantitative methods using specific, inducible phenotypic CIN models of chromosome bridges, pseudobipolar spindles, multipolar spindles, and polar chromosomes. For each, we measured CIN fixed and timelapse fluorescence microscopy, chromosome spreads, six-centromere FISH, bulk transcriptomics, and single-cell DNA sequencing (scDNAseq). As expected, microscopy of tumor cells in live and fixed samples significantly correlated (R = 0.72; P < 0.001) and sensitively detect CIN. Cytogenetics approaches include chromosome spreads and 6-centromere FISH, which also significantly correlate (R = 0.76; P < 0.001) but had limited sensitivity for lower rates of CIN. Bulk genomic DNA signatures and bulk transcriptomic scores, CIN70 and HET70, did not detect CIN. By contrast, scDNAseq detects CIN with high sensitivity, and significantly correlates with imaging methods (R = 0.82; P < 0.001). In summary, single-cell methods such as imaging, cytogenetics, and scDNAseq can measure CIN, with the latter being the most comprehensive method accessible to clinical samples. To facilitate the comparison of CIN rates between phenotypes and methods, we propose a standardized unit of CIN: Mis-segregations per Diploid Division. This systematic analysis of common CIN measures highlights the superiority of single-cell methods and provides guidance for measuring CIN in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Lynch
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI53705
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Shermineh Bradford
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI53705
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Amber S. Zhou
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI53705
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Kim Oxendine
- Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Services Laboratory, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Les Henderson
- Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Services Laboratory, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Vanessa L. Horner
- Cytogenetic and Molecular Genetic Services Laboratory, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Beth A. Weaver
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI53705
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI53705
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Mark E. Burkard
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI53705
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI53705
- Division of Hematology Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI53705
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2
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Khurana K, Mahajan S, Acharya S, Kumar S, Toshniwal S. Clinical Biomarkers of Acute Vaso-Occlusive Sickle Cell Crisis. Cureus 2024; 16:e56389. [PMID: 38633967 PMCID: PMC11022002 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
It is known that an inherited blood condition called sickle cell disease (SCD) is a result of one gene. A number of blood and urine biomarkers have been determined in association with lab and clinical history for SCD patients. SCD has numerous interacting pathways associated with it, which have been identified by biomarkers. These mechanisms consist of some examples, such as endothelial vasodilation response, hypercoagulability, hemolysis, inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, and reperfusion injury among others. To effectively manage SCD, a comprehensive panel of validated blood and urine biomarkers must be established. Despite its monogenic inheritance, the complex nature of the SCD phenotype has impeded progress in its treatment. However, significant strides have been made in clinical biotechnology, paving the way for potential breakthroughs. In SCD, a panel of verified blood and urine biomarkers must be established, however. Despite monogenic inheritance, the great complexity of the SCD phenotype has hindered progress in its management. With few exceptions, clinical biomarkers of illness severity have been found through epidemiological investigations; nevertheless, systematic integration of these biomarkers into clinical treatment algorithms has not occurred. Furthermore, sickle cell crisis, the primary acute consequence of SCD, has been difficult to diagnose with the biomarkers now in use. Inadequate care and a lack of appropriate outcome measures for clinical research are the consequences of these diagnostic constraints. A new chapter in SCD customized treatment has begun with recent advancements in molecular and imaging diagnostics. Strategies in precision medicine are especially relevant now that molecular therapies are within reach. The significance of biochemical indicators linked to clinical manifestation and sub-phenotype identification in SCD is reviewed in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashish Khurana
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Satish Mahajan
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sourya Acharya
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Saket Toshniwal
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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3
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Das S, Ramteke H. A Comprehensive Review of the Role of Biomarkers in Early Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease. Cureus 2024; 16:e54337. [PMID: 38500934 PMCID: PMC10945043 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurological, degenerative clinical condition depicted by the advancing loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which manifests itself as a myriad of sensorimotor and non-motor signs in patients. The disease occurs due to the reduced levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain, which is primarily associated with functional characteristics regarding mobility and cognition. The basal ganglion is mainly involved in the generation of cognitive functions and therefore is the most significantly associated area in PD. Since the classical diagnosis and assessment of PD depends majorly on the appearance of motor characteristics, which only arise when ~60-80% of the dopamine neuronal cell death has already occurred, it is imperative we focus on identifying biomarkers that can help us assess and diagnose PD in the earlier stages of disease progression, thus providing a better prognosis for the patients. This review article will focus on the different biomarkers that are currently available and in use, divided under the headings of clinical, biological, imaging, and genetic biomarkers, and assess their specificity and sensitivity toward providing an early assessment of Parkinson's for the patients and the future of preclinical diagnostics using molecular biomarkers. PD affects over 1% of the population worldwide and only ranks second to Alzheimer's disease in the context of its incidence and consequent socioeconomic burden. While recent breakthroughs in biomarkers have dramatically improved patients' odds of survival and prognosis, it still remains primarily a symptomatic diagnostic tool. It is an area of research that requires to focus on creating more advanced approaches toward diagnosing PD early, involving clinical diagnostics, neuroimaging technology, and molecular biology collaborations to provide the highest degree of care and quality of life that a Parkinson's patient deserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somdutta Das
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Harshal Ramteke
- General Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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4
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Ghantasala S, Bhat A, Epari S, Moiyadi A, Srivastava S. High-Grade Gliomas from Subventricular Zone: Proteomic Drivers of Aggressiveness Using Fluorescence-Guided Multiple Sampling. OMICS 2023; 27:598-606. [PMID: 38055199 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2023.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are among the most aggressive brain tumors and are characterized by dismally low median survival time. Of the many factors influencing the survival of patients with HGGs, proximity to the subventricular zone (SVZ) is one of the key influencers. In this context, 5-amino levulinic acid fluorescence-guided multiple sampling (FGMS) offers the prospect of understanding patient-to-patient molecular heterogeneity driving the aggressiveness of these tumors. Using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS proteomics for HGGs from seven patients (four SVZ associated and three SVZ nonassociated), this study aimed to uncover the mechanisms driving the aggressiveness in SVZ-associated (SVZ+) HGGs. Differential proteomics analysis revealed significant dysregulation of 11 proteins, of which 9 proteins were upregulated and 2 were downregulated in SVZ+ HGGs compared to SVZ-non-associated (SVZ-) HGGs. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the proteomics dataset revealed enrichment of MYC targets V1 and V2, G2M checkpoints, and E2F targets in SVZ+ HGGs. With GSEA, we also compared the pathways enriched in glioma stem cell subpopulations and observed a similar expression trend for most pathways in our data. In conclusion, this study reveals new and emerging insights on pathways that may potentially contribute to greater aggressiveness in SVZ+ HGGs. Future studies using FGMS in larger cohorts are recommended to help uncover the proteomics and molecular basis of aggressiveness and stemness in HGGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saicharan Ghantasala
- Centre for Research in Nano Technology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, India
| | - Amruth Bhat
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sridhar Epari
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre's-Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Aliasgar Moiyadi
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tata Memorial Centre's-Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, India
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Kuley R, Duvvuri B, Wallin JJ, Bui N, Adona MV, O’Connor NG, Sahi SK, Stanaway IB, Wurfel MM, Morrell ED, Liles WC, Bhatraju PK, Lood C. Mitochondrial N-formyl methionine peptides contribute to exaggerated neutrophil activation in patients with COVID-19. Virulence 2023; 14:2218077. [PMID: 37248708 PMCID: PMC10231045 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2218077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil dysregulation is well established in COVID-19. However, factors contributing to neutrophil activation in COVID-19 are not clear. We assessed if N-formyl methionine (fMet) contributes to neutrophil activation in COVID-19. Elevated levels of calprotectin, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and fMet were observed in COVID-19 patients (n = 68), particularly in critically ill patients, as compared to HC (n = 19, p < 0.0001). Of note, the levels of NETs were higher in ICU patients with COVID-19 than in ICU patients without COVID-19 (p < 0.05), suggesting a prominent contribution of NETs in COVID-19. Additionally, plasma from COVID-19 patients with mild and moderate/severe symptoms induced in vitro neutrophil activation through fMet/FPR1 (formyl peptide receptor-1) dependent mechanisms (p < 0.0001). fMet levels correlated with calprotectin levels validating fMet-mediated neutrophil activation in COVID-19 patients (r = 0.60, p = 0.0007). Our data indicate that fMet is an important factor contributing to neutrophil activation in COVID-19 disease and may represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Kuley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Life Sciences, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bhargavi Duvvuri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Nam Bui
- Biomarker Sciences, Gilead Sciences Inc, Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Mary Vic Adona
- Biomarker Sciences, Gilead Sciences Inc, Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas G. O’Connor
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sharon K. Sahi
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ian B. Stanaway
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark M. Wurfel
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric D. Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W. Conrad Liles
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Sepsis Center of Research Excellence-UW (SCORE-UW), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pavan K. Bhatraju
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Sepsis Center of Research Excellence-UW (SCORE-UW), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christian Lood
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Divya, Darshna, Sammi A, Chandra P. Design and development of opto-electrochemical biosensing devices for diagnosing chronic kidney disease. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3116-3136. [PMID: 37439074 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is emerging as one of the major causes of the increase in mortality rate and is expected to become 5th major cause by 2050. Many studies have shown that it is majorly related to various risk factors, and thus becoming one of the major health issues around the globe. Early detection of renal disease lowers the overall burden of disease by preventing individuals from developing kidney impairment. Therefore, diagnosis and prevention of CKD are becoming the major challenges, and in this situation, biosensors have emerged as one of the best possible solutions. Biosensors are becoming one of the preferred choices for various diseases diagnosis as they provide simpler, cost-effective and precise methods for onsite detection. In this review, we have tried to discuss the globally developed biosensors for the detection of CKD, focusing on their design, pattern, and applicability in real samples. Two major classifications of biosensors based on transduction systems, that is, optical and electrochemical, for kidney disease have been discussed in detail. Also, the major focus is given to clinical biomarkers such as albumin, creatinine, and others related to kidney dysfunction. Furthermore, the globally developed sensors for the detection of CKD are discussed in tabulated form comparing their analytical performance, response time, specificity as well as performance in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Darshna
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditi Sammi
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ounalli A, Moumni I, Mechaal A, Chakroun A, Barmat M, Rhim REE, Menif S, Safra I. TP53 Gene 72 Arg/Pro (rs1042522) single nucleotide polymorphism increases the risk and the severity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1272876. [PMID: 37909012 PMCID: PMC10613635 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1272876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic variations in TP53 gene are known to be important in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and may cause its inactivation which is associated with an aggressive form of the disease. Single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1042522:G>C) in TP53 gene at codon 72 encodes for arginine (Arg) or proline (Pro) variant which results in amino acid substitution affecting the apoptotic potential of TP53 protein. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between TP53 codon 72 polymorphism and risk susceptibility as well as severity of CLL among Tunisian patients. Materials and methods A case-control study was conducted in Tunisia from February 2019 to November 2021, 160 de novo CLL patients and 160 healthy volunteers matched in age and gender were involved. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the rs1042522 was analyzed using PCR-RFLP. Results Pro variant was associated with higher susceptibility to CLL than Arg variant (p= 0.023). A significant association was found between Pro variant and prognostic classification of Binet stage C (p= 0.001), low hemoglobin level (p= 0.003) and low platelet count (p= 0.016). Conclusion We suggest that Pro variant may increase the risk of developing CLL in our population and could be associated with the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ounalli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Natural Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Moumni
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amal Mechaal
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Hematopoietic Biology and Malignancy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Aya Chakroun
- Laboratory of Hematology, Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mbarka Barmat
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rim El Elj Rhim
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samia Menif
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ines Safra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Hematology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Martucci A, Di Giuliano F, Minosse S, Pocobelli G, Nucci C, Garaci F. MRI and Clinical Biomarkers Overlap between Glaucoma and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14932. [PMID: 37834380 PMCID: PMC10573932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. It is classically associated with structural and functional changes in the optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer, but the damage is not limited to the eye. The involvement of the central visual pathways and disruption of brain network organization have been reported using advanced neuroimaging techniques. The brain structural changes at the level of the areas implied in processing visual information could justify the discrepancy between signs and symptoms and underlie the analogy of this disease with neurodegenerative dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease, and with the complex group of pathologies commonly referred to as "disconnection syndromes." This review aims to summarize the current state of the art on the use of advanced neuroimaging techniques in glaucoma and Alzheimer's disease, highlighting the emerging biomarkers shared by both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Martucci
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Francesca Di Giuliano
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Silvia Minosse
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Giulio Pocobelli
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Carlo Nucci
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Francesco Garaci
- Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (F.G.)
- San Raffaele Cassino, 03043 Frosinone, Italy
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9
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Alexandraki A, Papageorgiou E, Zacharia M, Keramida K, Papakonstantinou A, Cipolla CM, Tsekoura D, Naka K, Mazzocco K, Mauri D, Tsiknakis M, Manikis GC, Marias K, Marcou Y, Kakouri E, Konstantinou I, Daniel M, Galazi M, Kampouroglou E, Ribnikar D, Brown C, Karanasiou G, Antoniades A, Fotiadis D, Filippatos G, Constantinidou A. New Insights in the Era of Clinical Biomarkers as Potential Predictors of Systemic Therapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Women with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3290. [PMID: 37444400 PMCID: PMC10340234 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity induced by breast cancer therapies is a potentially serious complication associated with the use of various breast cancer therapies. Prediction and better management of cardiotoxicity in patients receiving chemotherapy is of critical importance. However, the management of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) lacks clinical evidence and is based on limited clinical studies. AIM To provide an overview of existing and potentially novel biomarkers that possess a promising predictive value for the early and late onset of CTRCD in the clinical setting. METHODS A systematic review of published studies searching for promising biomarkers for the prediction of CTRCD in patients with breast cancer was undertaken according to PRISMA guidelines. A search strategy was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus for the period 2013-2023. All subjects were >18 years old, diagnosed with breast cancer, and received breast cancer therapies. RESULTS The most promising biomarkers that can be used for the development of an alternative risk cardiac stratification plan for the prediction and/or early detection of CTRCD in patients with breast cancer were identified. CONCLUSIONS We highlighted the new insights associated with the use of currently available biomarkers as a standard of care for the management of CTRCD and identified potentially novel clinical biomarkers that could be further investigated as promising predictors of CTRCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Alexandraki
- A.G. Leventis Clinical Trials Unit, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, 32 Acropoleos Avenue, Nicosia 2006, Cyprus; (E.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Elisavet Papageorgiou
- A.G. Leventis Clinical Trials Unit, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, 32 Acropoleos Avenue, Nicosia 2006, Cyprus; (E.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marina Zacharia
- A.G. Leventis Clinical Trials Unit, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, 32 Acropoleos Avenue, Nicosia 2006, Cyprus; (E.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Kalliopi Keramida
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
- Cardiology Department, General Anti-Cancer Oncological Hospital, Agios Savvas, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Andri Papakonstantinou
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department for Breast, Endocrine Tumours and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlo M. Cipolla
- Cardioncology and Second Opinion Division, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Dorothea Tsekoura
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 76 Vas. Sofias Av., 11528 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (E.K.)
| | - Katerina Naka
- 2nd Cardiology Department, University of Ioannina Medical School, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Ketti Mazzocco
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Mauri
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Manolis Tsiknakis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (M.T.); (K.M.)
- Computational BioMedicine Laboratory (CBML), Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Georgios C. Manikis
- Computational BioMedicine Laboratory (CBML), Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Kostas Marias
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (M.T.); (K.M.)
- Computational BioMedicine Laboratory (CBML), Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Yiola Marcou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, 32 Acropoleos Avenue, Nicosia 2006, Cyprus; (Y.M.); (E.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Eleni Kakouri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, 32 Acropoleos Avenue, Nicosia 2006, Cyprus; (Y.M.); (E.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Ifigenia Konstantinou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, 32 Acropoleos Avenue, Nicosia 2006, Cyprus; (Y.M.); (E.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Maria Daniel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, 32 Acropoleos Avenue, Nicosia 2006, Cyprus;
| | - Myria Galazi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, 32 Acropoleos Avenue, Nicosia 2006, Cyprus; (Y.M.); (E.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Effrosyni Kampouroglou
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 76 Vas. Sofias Av., 11528 Athens, Greece; (D.T.); (E.K.)
| | - Domen Ribnikar
- Division of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Cameron Brown
- Translational Medicine, Stremble Ventures Ltd., 59 Christaki Kranou, Limassol 4042, Cyprus;
| | - Georgia Karanasiou
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Athos Antoniades
- Research and Development, Stremble Ventures Ltd., 59 Christaki Kranou, Limassol 4042, Cyprus;
| | - Dimitrios Fotiadis
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- Cardio-Oncology Clinic, Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens University Hospital Attikon, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Anastasia Constantinidou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, 32 Acropoleos Avenue, Nicosia 2006, Cyprus; (Y.M.); (E.K.); (I.K.); (M.G.)
- School of Medicine, University of Cyprus, Panepistimiou 1, Aglantzia, Nicosia 2408, Cyprus
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10
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Lynch AR, Bradford S, Zhou AS, Oxendine K, Henderson L, Horner VL, Weaver BA, Burkard ME. A survey of CIN measures across mechanistic models. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.15.544840. [PMID: 37398147 PMCID: PMC10312700 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.15.544840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is the persistent reshuffling of cancer karyotypes via chromosome mis-segregation during cell division. In cancer, CIN exists at varying levels that have differential effects on tumor progression. However, mis-segregation rates remain challenging to assess in human cancer despite an array of available measures. We evaluated measures of CIN by comparing quantitative methods using specific, inducible phenotypic CIN models of chromosome bridges, pseudobipolar spindles, multipolar spindles, and polar chromosomes. For each, we measured CIN fixed and timelapse fluorescence microscopy, chromosome spreads, 6-centromere FISH, bulk transcriptomics, and single cell DNA sequencing (scDNAseq). As expected, microscopy of tumor cells in live and fixed samples correlated well (R=0.77; p<0.01) and sensitively detect CIN. Cytogenetics approaches include chromosome spreads and 6-centromere FISH, which also correlate well (R=0.77; p<0.01) but had limited sensitivity for lower rates of CIN. Bulk genomic DNA signatures and bulk transcriptomic scores, CIN70 and HET70, did not detect CIN. By contrast, single-cell DNA sequencing (scDNAseq) detects CIN with high sensitivity, and correlates very well with imaging methods (R=0.83; p<0.01). In summary, single-cell methods such as imaging, cytogenetics, and scDNAseq can measure CIN, with the latter being the most comprehensive method accessible to clinical samples. To facilitate comparison of CIN rates between phenotypes and methods, we propose a standardized unit of CIN: Mis-segregations per Diploid Division (MDD). This systematic analysis of common CIN measures highlights the superiority of single-cell methods and provides guidance for measuring CIN in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Lynch
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shermineh Bradford
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amber S. Zhou
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kim Oxendine
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Les Henderson
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vanessa L. Horner
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Beth A. Weaver
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark E. Burkard
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Hematology Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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11
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Yao Q, Jiang K, Lin F, Zhu T, Khan NH, Jiang E. Pathophysiological Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Hypertension: A Clinical Concern for Elderly Population. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:713-728. [PMID: 37181536 PMCID: PMC10167960 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s400527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia and the fifth leading cause of death in the adult population has a complex pathophysiological link with hypertension (HTN). A growing volume of published literature on a parallel elevation of blood pressure (BP), amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles formation in post-middle of human brain cells has developed new, widely accepting foundations on this association. In particular, HTN in elderly life mediates cerebral blood flow dysfunction, neuronal dysfunction, and significant decline in cognitive impairment, primarily in the late-life populace, governing the onset of AD. Thus, HTN is an established risk factor for AD. Considering the impact of AD, 1.89 million deaths annually, and the failure of palliative therapies to cure AD, the scientific research community is looking to adopt integrated approaches to target early modified risk factors like HTN to reduce AD burden. The current review highlights the significance and impact of HTN-based prevention in lowering the AD burden in the elderly by providing a comprehensive overview of the physiological relationship between AD and HTN with an in-detail explanation of the role and applications of pathological biomarkers in this clinical association. The review will gain worth in presenting new insights and providing inclusive discussion on the correlation between HTN and cognitive impairment. It will increase across a wider scientific audience to expand understanding of this pathophysiological association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yao
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kexin Jiang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Lin
- School of Medicine, Shangqiu Institute of Technology, Shangqiu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Kaifeng Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Kaifeng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nazeer Hussain Khan
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, People’s Republic of China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Enshe Jiang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, People’s Republic of China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan University, Kaifeng, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Karimzadeh A, Heck M, Tauber R, Knorr K, Haller B, D'Alessandria C, Weber WA, Eiber M, Rauscher I. 177Lu-PSMA-I&T for Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Prognostic Value of Scintigraphic and Clinical Biomarkers. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:402-409. [PMID: 36137758 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective analysis was to determine prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response, PSA progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in a large cohort of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with 177Lu-PSMA-I&T and to identify clinical and scintigraphic prognostic factors for outcome. Methods: In total, 301 consecutive mCRPC patients were included in this analysis. Prognostic factors included clinical parameters, routine laboratory parameters, and findings on posttreatment scintigraphy. Scintigraphic tumor uptake of 177Lu-PSMA-I&T was compared with salivary gland uptake and classified as high or low. The longest extent of skeletal metastatic disease was measured, and its changes during therapy were used to define scintigraphic progression, response, and stable disease. A PSA response of at least 50%, PSA PFS, and OS were calculated. Results: In total, 1,138 cycles (median, 3 cycles per patient) of 177Lu-PSMA-I&T using a standard activity of 7.4 GBq were applied intravenously every 4-10 wk (median, 6 wk). Overall, 34% (95% CI, 28%-38%) of patients showed a PSA response of at least 50%, and the median PSA PFS and OS of the total patient cohort were 16.0 wk (95% CI, 12.1-19.9) and 13.8 mo (95% CI, 12.4-15.5), respectively. Patients with high scintigraphic tumor uptake showed a higher PSA response rate of at least 50% (45.7% vs. 10.4%; P < 0.0001) and a significantly reduced risk of PSA progression (median event time, 24.9 vs. 9.0 wk; hazard ratio, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2-0.5; P < 0.0001). In our data, risk of death was not significantly different between patients with high scintigraphic uptake and those with low scintigraphic uptake (median, 14.4 vs. 12.4 mo; hazard ratio, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.6-1.3; P = 0.6). In a multivariable analysis, the following pretherapeutic prognostic factors for OS were identified: alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and PSA levels; prior chemotherapy; and the presence of visceral metastases. Scintigraphic response was a strong prognostic factor for PSA response, PSA PFS, and OS after 1 treatment cycle. Conclusion: This retrospective analysis of a large group of consecutive patients corroborates previous clinical experience for 177Lu-PSMA-I&T in mCRPC and establishes previously proposed prognostic factors. The skeletal tumor extent and its changes were identified as new potential biomarkers to predict the outcome of therapy after the first treatment cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Karimzadeh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; .,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Heck
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Robert Tauber
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Karina Knorr
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of AI and Informatics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Calogero D'Alessandria
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Eiber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Rauscher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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13
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Ali WAS, Huang X, Wu Y, Ma Y, Pan H, Liao J, Yang Z, Hong S, Yang Y, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Fang W, Zhao H, Zhang L. Pretreatment Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase and Metastases Numbers as Potential Determinants of Anti-PD-1 Therapy Outcome in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancer Control 2023; 30:10732748221148912. [PMID: 36592162 PMCID: PMC9830708 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221148912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the determinant factors of anti-PD-1 therapy outcome in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS In this retrospective study, we included 64 patients with recurrent/metastatic NPC. The association of patients' characteristics, C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with survival benefit of anti-PD-1 therapy were analyzed using Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Patients were divided based on the median value of CRP, NLR or LDH into different subgroups. RESULTS At a median follow-up time of 11.4 months (range: 1-28 months), median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 1.9 months (95% CI, .18-3.6) and 15 months (95% CI, 10.9-19.1) months, respectively. Pretreatment metastases numbers was significant predictor of PFS (HR = 1.99; 95% CI 1.10-3.63; P = .024) and OS (HR = 2.77; 95% CI 1.36-5.61; P = .005). Baseline LDH level was independent predictor of OS (HR = 7.01; 95% CI 3.09-15.88; P < .001). Patients with LDH level >435 U/L at the baseline had significantly shorter PFS and OS compared to patients with LDH level ≤435 U/L (median PFS: 1.7 vs 3.5 months, P = .040; median OS: 3.7 vs 18.5 months, P < .001). Patients with non-durable clinical benefit (NDB) had significantly higher LDH level at the baseline compared to patients who achieved durable clinical benefit (DCB) (P = .025). Post-treatment levels of CRP, LDH, and NLR were decreased compared to baseline in patients with DCB (P = .030, P = .088, and P = .066, respectively), whereas, there was a significant increase in post-treatment level of LDH compared with baseline in patients with NDB (P = .024). CONCLUSIONS LDH level at the baseline was an independent predictor of OS and pretreatment metastases numbers was a significant predictor of PFS and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael A. S. Ali
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China,Wael A. S. Ali, MD, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Department of Endoscopy, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehan Wu
- Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Yang
- Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaodong Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Peng L, Zhang L. Research Progress on the Predicting Factors and Coping Strategies for Postoperative Recurrence of Esophageal Cancer. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010114. [PMID: 36611908 PMCID: PMC9818463 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the malignant tumors with poor prognosis in China. Currently, the treatment of esophageal cancer is still based on surgery, especially in early and mid-stage patients, to achieve the goal of radical cure. However, esophageal cancer is a kind of tumor with a high risk of recurrence and metastasis, and locoregional recurrence and distant metastasis are the leading causes of death after surgery. Although multimodal comprehensive treatment has advanced in recent years, the prediction, prevention and treatment of postoperative recurrence and metastasis of esophageal cancer are still unsatisfactory. How to reduce recurrence and metastasis in patients after surgery remains an urgent problem to be solved. Given the clinical demand for early detection of postoperative recurrence of esophageal cancer, clinical and basic research aiming to meet this demand has been a hot topic, and progress has been observed in recent years. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress on the factors that influence and predict postoperative recurrence of esophageal cancer, hoping to provide new research directions and treatment strategies for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence:
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15
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Maftei D, Schirinzi T, Mercuri NB, Lattanzi R, Severini C. Potential Clinical Role of Prokineticin 2 (PK2) in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2019-2023. [PMID: 35410604 PMCID: PMC9886845 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220411084612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the immune system in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) has become clear in recent decades, as evidenced by the presence of activated microglia and astrocytes and numerous soluble mediators in the brain and peripheral tissues of affected patients. Among inflammatory mediators, chemokines play a central role in neuroinflammation due to their dual function as chemoattractants for immune cells and molecular messengers in crosstalk among CNS-resident cells. The chemokine Bv8/Prokineticin 2 (PK2) has recently emerged as an important player in many age-related and chronic diseases that are either neurodegenerative or systemic. In this perspective paper, we briefly discuss the role that PK2 and its cognate receptors play in AD and PD animal models and in patients. Given the apparent changes in PK2 blood levels in both AD and PD patients, the potential clinical value of PK2 either as a disease biomarker or as a therapeutic target for these disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maftei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; ,These authors contributed equally to the work.
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; ,These authors contributed equally to the work.
| | - Nicola B. Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; ,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberta Lattanzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; ,These authors contributed equally to the work.
| | - Cinzia Severini
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Italy,Address correspondence to this author at the Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy; Tel: +39-6-49976742; E-mail:
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16
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Cortez BN, Bahour N, Aguayo-Mazzucato C. Biological age in diabetes and precision medicine. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4622-4623. [PMID: 35666709 PMCID: PMC9217699 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Briana N Cortez
- Beta Cell Aging Lab, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Nadine Bahour
- Beta Cell Aging Lab, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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17
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Ortega CD, Sánchez-Serrano N, Beddar Chaib F, Jerves Donoso D, Jiménez-Callejo E, Rodríguez-García S. Convalescent Plasma Therapy, Therapeutic Formulations of Repurposed Drugs in 20th Century Epidemics against COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1020. [PMID: 35631607 PMCID: PMC9146314 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) represents one of the largest pandemics the world has faced, and it is producing a global health crisis. To date, the availability of drugs to treat COVID-19 infections remains limited to supportive care although therapeutic options are being explored. Some of them are old strategies for treating infectious diseases. convalescent plasma (CP) therapy has been used successfully in other viral outbreaks in the 20th century. In this study, we systematically evaluated the effect and safety of CP therapy on hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A structured search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using Medline (PubMed), SciELO, Cochrane Library Plus, Web of Science, and Scopus. The search included articles published up to January 2022 and was restricted to English- and Spanish-language publications. As such, investigators identified six randomized controlled trials that met the search criteria. The results determined that in hospitalized COVID-19 patients the administration of CP therapy with a volume between 200-500 mL and a single transfusion performed in 1-2 h, compared to the control group, decreased viral load, symptomatology, the period of infection, and mortality, without serious adverse effects. CP did influence clinical outcomes and may be a possible treatment option, although further studies will be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carlos Domínguez Ortega
- Heamtology Service of the Santa Bárbara Hospital, Castille and Leon Health (SACyL), 42003 Soria, Spain;
| | - Nerea Sánchez-Serrano
- Department of Cellular Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain
- Microbiology Unit of the Santa Bárbara Hospital, Castille and Leon Health (SACyL), 42003 Soria, Spain
| | - Fahd Beddar Chaib
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain; (F.B.C.); (D.J.D.)
- Emergency Service of the Santa Bárbara Hospital, Castille and Leon Health (SACyL), 42003 Soria, Spain
| | - David Jerves Donoso
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain; (F.B.C.); (D.J.D.)
- Neumology Service of the Santa Bárbara Hospital, Castille and Leon Health (SACyL), 42003 Soria, Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez-Callejo
- Preventive Medicine Service of the Santa Bárbara Hospital, Castille and Leon Health (SACyL), 42003 Soria, Spain;
| | - Saray Rodríguez-García
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42003 Soria, Spain;
- Internal Medicine Service of the Santa Bárbara Hospital, Castille and Leon Health (SACyL), 42003 Soria, Spain
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18
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Kuley R, Stultz RD, Duvvuri B, Wang T, Fritzler MJ, Hesselstrand R, Nelson JL, Lood C. N-Formyl Methionine Peptide-Mediated Neutrophil Activation in Systemic Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:785275. [PMID: 35069556 PMCID: PMC8766990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exaggerated neutrophil activation and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are reported in systemic sclerosis (SSc) but its involvement in SSc pathogenesis is not clear. In the present study we assessed markers of neutrophil activation and NET formation in SSc patients in relation to markers of inflammation and disease phenotype. Factors promoting neutrophil activation in SSc remain largely unknown. Among the neutrophil activating factors, mitochondrial-derived N-formyl methionine (fMet) has been reported in several autoinflammatory conditions. The aim of the current study is to assess whether SSc patients have elevated levels of fMet and the role of fMet in neutrophil-mediated inflammation on SSc pathogenesis. Markers of neutrophil activation (calprotectin, NETs) and levels of fMet were analyzed in plasma from two SSc cohorts (n=80 and n=20, respectively) using ELISA. Neutrophil activation assays were performed in presence or absence of formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) inhibitor cyclosporin H. Elevated levels of calprotectin and NETs were observed in SSc patients as compared to healthy controls (p<0.0001) associating with SSc clinical disease characteristics. Further, SSc patients had elevated levels of circulating fMet as compared to healthy controls (p<0.0001). Consistent with a role for fMet-mediated neutrophil activation, fMet levels correlated with levels of calprotectin and NETs (r=0.34, p=0.002; r=0.29, p<0.01 respectively). Additionally, plasma samples from SSc patients with high levels of fMet induced de novo neutrophil activation through FPR1-dependent mechanisms. Our data for the first time implicates an important role for the mitochondrial component fMet in promoting neutrophil-mediated inflammation in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Kuley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ryan D Stultz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Bhargavi Duvvuri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Marvin J Fritzler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Roger Hesselstrand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University, Section of Rheumatology, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Lee Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Christian Lood
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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19
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Li H, Shi X, Yang F, Zhang X, Li F. Blood Inflammatory Cytokines as Predictors of Depression in Patients With Glioma. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:930985. [PMID: 35757220 PMCID: PMC9218211 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.930985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression commonly develops as a comorbid disorder related to glioma, which affects the patients' physical function and prognosis. Circulating inflammatory cytokines are potential predictors of depression in disparate cancers. However, less research has specifically investigated this aspect within the context of glioma. STUDY OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of depression in patients with glioma and draw a comparison of the ability to predict it through diverse inflammatory cytokines. METHODS A total of 203 patients with stage I-IV glioma were enrolled in this study. Depression was evaluated according to the Hamilton Depression Scale, and the plasma inflammatory cytokines levels were simultaneously measured. We performed the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to confirm the abilities of identified inflammatory cytokines to predict depression. RESULTS Among the 203 patients with glioma, 135 (66.5%) showed obvious depressive symptoms. Proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6 (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.76) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (AUC = 0.75), showed good performance in accurately predicting depression in patients with glioma. These inflammatory cytokines indicated great potential to be depression biomarkers regardless of the patients' disparate treatment experience. CONCLUSION With their relatively simple and time-saving measurement procedures, inflammatory cytokines should be seriously considered effective clinical screening and diagnostic tools, as well as potential biomarkers for depression in patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Li
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohan Shi
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Physical Education, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xinrui Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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20
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Marazziti D, Torrigiani S, Carbone MG, Mucci F, Flamini W, Ivaldi T, Osso LD. Neutrophil/lymphocyte, platelet/lymphocyte and monocyte/lymphocyte ratios in mood disorders. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:5758-5781. [PMID: 34551689 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210922160116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorders (BDs), the most severe types of mood disorders (MDs), are considered as among the most disabling illnesses worldwide. Several studies suggested that inflammatory neuroinflammation might be involved in the pathophysiology of MDs, while reporting increasing data on the relationships between these processes and classical neurotransmitters, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), and neurotrophic factors. The assessment of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) in peripheral blood represents a simple method to evaluate the inflammatory status. The aim of the present paper was to review the literature on the possible relationships between NLR, PLR and MLR in MDs, and to comment on their possible wider use in clinical research. Thirty-five studies were included in the present review. The majority of them higher values of these parameters, particularly NLR values, in patients with MDs, when compared to healthy subjects. The increase would appear more robust in patients with BD during a manic episode, thus indicating that it could be considered as both state and trait markers. In addition, increased NLR and PLR levels seem to represent prognostic elements for the early discovery of post-stroke depression. The findings of the present review would indicate the need to carry our further studies in this field. In particular, NLR, PLR and MLR seem to be promising tools to detect economically and easily the activation of the inflammatory system, and to perhaps evaluate the etiology and course of MDs. Again, they could suggest some information to better understand the relationship between inflammatory and cardiovascular disease and MDs, and thus, to provide clinical implications in terms of management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa. Italy
| | - Samuele Torrigiani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa. Italy
| | - Manuel G Carbone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese. Italy
| | - Federico Mucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese. Italy
| | - Walter Flamini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa. Italy
| | - Tea Ivaldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa. Italy
| | - Liliana Dell' Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa. Italy
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21
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González Rodríguez C, Aparicio Hernández M, Alarcón Torres I. Update and clinical management of anti-DNA auto-antibodies. Adv Lab Med 2021; 2:313-331. [PMID: 37362416 PMCID: PMC10197362 DOI: 10.1515/almed-2021-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Anti-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) antibodies in the clinical laboratory are intimately linked to the diagnosis and monitoring of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, the characteristics of the analytical methods and the properties of the antibodies themselves are heterogeneous. To review the definition and properties of anti-double-stranded anti-DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies, the adequacy of analytical methods, and the clinical requirements for this biomarker. Through PubMed we searched the existing literature with the terms anti-dsDNA, editorial, review, guideline, meta-analysis and SLE. The last search, anti-dsDNA and SLE restricted to the last two years. Information was expanded through related articles and those published in official state bodies related to anti-dsDNA and SLE. Clinical laboratory methods for anti-dsDNA analysis and their characteristics are analyze. The clinical utility of anti-dsDNA in its diagnostic, clinical association and follow-up aspects of SLE is reviewed. There is wide variability in analytical methods and deficits in standardization persist. They are part of the current SLE classification criteria and are used as markers in the follow-up of the disease. Their diagnostic usefulness improves when they are determined in antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive patients. In follow-up, quantification is of interest, preferably with the same analytical method (given the deficits in standardization).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - MªBelén Aparicio Hernández
- Servicio Bioquímica Clínica y Análisis Cínicos, Complejo Asistencial Universitario Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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22
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Zada M, Cornish EE, Fraser CL, Jamieson RV, Grigg JR. Natural history and clinical biomarkers of progression in X-linked retinitis pigmentosa: a systematic review. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:499-510. [PMID: 33258268 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) accounts for a significant proportion of certifiable blindness in working-age adults. The objectives of this study were to: (1) synthesize the best available evidence regarding the natural history of disease progression and (2) identify the best current clinical biomarkers for monitoring disease progression, which will be important in planned gene therapy trials for this condition. Patient population: XLRP affected males. Main outcomes: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken with data sought on overall annual progression for clinical biomarkers using optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), visual acuity, electroretinography and visual fields. To assess which outcome was best for monitoring progression, data on reliability, interocular correlation and structure-function correlation were extracted. A total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies estimated progression at between 4% to 19% per year with longitudinal data. Where an overall model was produced with cross-sectional data, the trend was usually best fit by a logarithmic function with an annual exponential decline rate between 4.7% and 8.0%. The evidence suggested the ellipsoid zone (EZ) width on OCT and outer ring area (ORA) on FAF as the most useful biomarkers having excellent interocular symmetry, reproducibility and functional correlation. Using different clinical biomarkers, XLRP progresses at a rate of 4 to 19% per year. Ellipsoid zone (EZ) width and ORA are the most robust biomarkers with the potential to be used in trials where one eye serves as a control for the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zada
- Save Sight Institute Discipline of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Elisa E Cornish
- Save Sight Institute Discipline of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Genetic Eye Research Unit Children's Medical Research Institute Save Sight Institute Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney and Children's Hospital Westmead Sydney NSW Australia
- Sydney Eye Hospital Foundation Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Clare L Fraser
- Save Sight Institute Discipline of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Robyn V Jamieson
- Save Sight Institute Discipline of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Genetic Eye Research Unit Children's Medical Research Institute Save Sight Institute Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney and Children's Hospital Westmead Sydney NSW Australia
| | - John R Grigg
- Save Sight Institute Discipline of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Genetic Eye Research Unit Children's Medical Research Institute Save Sight Institute Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney and Children's Hospital Westmead Sydney NSW Australia
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23
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Pastor-Navarro B, Rubio-Briones J, Borque-Fernando Á, Esteban LM, Dominguez-Escrig JL, López-Guerrero JA. Active Surveillance in Prostate Cancer: Role of Available Biomarkers in Daily Practice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6266. [PMID: 34200878 PMCID: PMC8230496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. The diagnosis is currently based on PSA levels, which are associated with overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Moreover, most PCas are localized tumours; hence, many patients with low-/very low-risk PCa could benefit from active surveillance (AS) programs instead of more aggressive, active treatments. Heterogeneity within inclusion criteria and follow-up strategies are the main controversial issues that AS presently faces. Many biomarkers are currently under investigation in this setting; however, none has yet demonstrated enough diagnostic ability as an independent predictor of pathological or clinical progression. This work aims to review the currently available literature on tissue, blood and urine biomarkers validated in clinical practice for the management of AS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Pastor-Navarro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), 46009 Valencia, Spain;
- Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), IVO-CIPF Joint Research Unit of Cancer, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Rubio-Briones
- Department of Urology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), 46009 Valencia, Spain; (J.R.-B.); (J.L.D.-E.)
| | - Ángel Borque-Fernando
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Miguel Servet, IIS-Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Luis M. Esteban
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Engineering School of La Almunia, University of Zaragoza, 50100 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Jose Luis Dominguez-Escrig
- Department of Urology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), 46009 Valencia, Spain; (J.R.-B.); (J.L.D.-E.)
| | - José Antonio López-Guerrero
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (IVO), 46009 Valencia, Spain;
- Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), IVO-CIPF Joint Research Unit of Cancer, 46012 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Valencia ‘San Vicente Martir’, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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Mandala A, Janssen RC, Palle S, Short KR, Friedman JE. Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Nutritional Origins and Potential Molecular Mechanisms. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3166. [PMID: 33081177 PMCID: PMC7602751 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the number one chronic liver disease worldwide and is estimated to affect nearly 40% of obese youth and up to 10% of the general pediatric population without any obvious signs or symptoms. Although the early stages of NAFLD are reversible with diet and lifestyle modifications, detecting such stages is hindered by a lack of non-invasive methods of risk assessment and diagnosis. This absence of non-invasive means of diagnosis is directly related to the scarcity of long-term prospective studies of pediatric NAFLD in children and adolescents. In the majority of pediatric NAFLD cases, the mechanisms driving the origin and rapid progression of NAFLD remain unknown. The progression from NAFLD to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in youth is associated with unique histological features and possible immune processes and metabolic pathways that may reflect different mechanisms compared with adults. Recent data suggest that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are important new biomarkers underlying pathways of liver injury. Several factors may contribute to pediatric NAFLD development, including high-sugar diets, in utero exposures via epigenetic alterations, changes in the neonatal microbiome, and altered immune system development and mitochondrial function. This review focuses on the unique aspects of pediatric NAFLD and how nutritional exposures impact the immune system, mitochondria, and liver/gastrointestinal metabolic health. These factors highlight the need for answers to how NAFLD develops in children and for early stage-specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Mandala
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (A.M.); (R.C.J.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Rachel C. Janssen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (A.M.); (R.C.J.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Sirish Palle
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Kevin R. Short
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (A.M.); (R.C.J.); (K.R.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (A.M.); (R.C.J.); (K.R.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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25
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Vacher S, Suybeng V, Girard E, Masliah Planchon J, Thomson G, Le Goux C, Garinet S, Schnitzler A, Chemlali W, Firlej V, Damotte D, Allory Y, Kamal M, Pignot G, Bieche I. Genomic Instability Signature of Palindromic Non-Coding Somatic Mutations in Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2882. [PMID: 33049910 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous pan-genomic studies identified alterations in protein-coding genes and signaling pathways involved in bladder carcinogenesis, while non-coding somatic alterations remain weakly explored. The goal of this study was to identify clinical biomarkers in non-coding regions for bladder cancer patients. We have previously identified in bladder tumors two non-coding mutational hotspots occurring at high frequencies (≥30%). These mutations are located close to the GPR126 and PLEKHS1 genes, at the guanine or the cytosine of a TGAACA core motif flanked, on both sides, by a stretch of palindromic sequences. Here, we hypothesize that such a pattern of recurrent non-coding mutations could be a signature of somatic genomic instability specifically involved in bladder cancer. We analyzed 26 additional mutable non-coding sites with the same core motif in a cohort of 103 bladder cancers composed of 44 NMIBC cases and 59 MIBC cases using high-resolution melting (HRM) and Sanger sequencing. Five bladder cancers were additionally analyzed for protein-coding gene mutations using a targeted NGS panel composed of 571 genes. Expression levels of three members of the APOBEC3 family genes were assessed using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Non-coding somatic mutations were observed for at least one TGAACA core motif locus in 62.1% (64/103) of bladder tumor samples. These non-coding mutations co-occurred in the bladder tumors but were absent in prostate tumor, HPV-positive Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) colorectal tumor series. This signature of palindromic non-coding somatic mutations, specific to bladder tumors, was not associated with patients' outcome and was more frequent in females. Interestingly, this signature was associated with high tumor mutational burden (TMB) and high expression levels of APOBEC3B and interferon inducible genes. We identified a new type of somatic genomic instability targeting the TGAACA core motif loci flanked by palindromic sequences in bladder cancer. This mutational signature is a promising candidate clinical biomarker for the early detection of relapse and a major low-cost alternative to the TMB to monitor the response to immunotherapy for bladder cancer patients.
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Abstract
Women with ovarian cancer benefit from individualized management that incorporates advanced imaging technologies, sophisticated cytoreductive surgery integrated with combination chemotherapy, genetic risk assessment, and tumor molecular profiling. However, advanced ovarian cancer remains a highly lethal disease because of early peritoneal dissemination, rapid development of resistance to key therapeutic agents, and evasion of the host immune response. Over the last 15 years, several models and nomograms have been developed to predict surgical outcomes, progression-free survival, or overall survival on the basis of clinical and pathologic data available at the primary diagnosis and recurrence. Each of these models has its strengths and limitations, and they provide a basis for future models that will incorporate functional imaging and molecular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Bookman
- Gynecologic Oncology Therapeutics, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, California
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27
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Yan L, Zhang Z, Yin X, Li Y. lncRNA NEAT1 Facilitates Cell Proliferation, Invasion and Migration by Regulating CBX7 and RTCB in Breast Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2449-2458. [PMID: 32273717 PMCID: PMC7102915 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s240769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the association between the lncRNA NEAT1 and breast cancer, and to determine the influence of NEAT1 on regulation of other signaling molecules in breast cancer. Methods In the present study, we measured levels of the lncRNA NEAT1 in 106 breast cancer patients and in a human breast cancer cell line by qRT-PCR. The correlation between NEAT1 expression and patients’ clinical characteristics was analyzed with in-house and TCGA data. We used cellular functioning assays and cell immunofluorescence assay to evaluate the role of NEAT1 and its target molecules in proliferation, invasion and migration in breast cancer. We used Western blotting to explore possible targets of NEAT1 and a subcellular fractionation assay to locate NEAT1 expression. Results NEAT1 was overexpressed in breast cancer tissue and also closely related to advanced clinical stages and positive lymph node metastases. NEAT1 levels were also tightly correlated to prognosis for breast cancer patients in survival analyses. Cellular function assays revealed that downregulation of NEAT1 could inhibit breast cancer cell viability, invasion and migration. Western blotting revealed down-regulation of CBX7 and up-regulation of RTCB following NEAT1 inhibition. Based on the cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of NEAT1, we investigated the possible regulation of CBX7 and RTCB by NEAT1. Results showed that NEAT1 regulated the expression of CBX7 and RTCB, possibly by binding of NEAT1 to DNA in the nucleus, which facilitates cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Conclusion The current results suggest that the lncRNA NEAT1 is upregulated in breast cancer and facilitates tumor cell viability, invasion and migration via CBX7 and RTCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Yan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257091, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingmei Yin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxia Li
- Department of Stomatology and Eye, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257091, People's Republic of China
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de Moraes NC, da Silva ENT, Petroni JM, Ferreira VS, Lucca BG. Design of novel, simple, and inexpensive 3D printing-based miniaturized electrochemical platform containing embedded disposable detector for analytical applications. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:278-286. [PMID: 31529502 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a novel, simple, and inexpensive electrochemical device containing an integrated and disposable three-electrode system for detection. The base of this platform consists on a PDMS structure containing microchannels which were prototyped using 3D-printed molds. Pencil graphite leads were inserted into these microchannels and utilized as working, counter and reference electrodes in a novel design. Morphological analysis and electrochemical experiments with benchmark redox probes were carried out in order to evaluate the performance and characterize the miniaturized device proposed. Even using inexpensive materials and a simple fabrication protocol, the electrochemical platform developed provided good repeatability and reproducibility over a low cost (ca. $2 per device), acceptable lifetime (ca. 250 voltammetric runs) and extremely reduced consumption of samples and reagents (order of µL). As proof of concept, the analytical feasibility of the platform was investigated through the simultaneous determination of dopamine (DOPA) and acetaminophen (AC). The two analytes showed linear dependence on the concentration range from 1 to 15 µM and the LODs achieved were 0.21 µM for DOPA and 0.29 µM for AC. Moreover, the platform was successfully applied on the determination of DOPA and AC in spiked blood serum and urine samples. The results obtained with the device described here were better than some reports in literature that use more costly electrodic materials and complex modification steps for the detection of the same analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valdir Souza Ferreira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gabriel Lucca
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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29
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Nasrullah N, Sang J, Alam MS, Mateen M, Cai B, Hu H. Automated Lung Nodule Detection and Classification Using Deep Learning Combined with Multiple Strategies. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19173722. [PMID: 31466261 PMCID: PMC6749467 DOI: 10.3390/s19173722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths due to its aggressive nature and delayed detections at advanced stages. Early detection of lung cancer is very important for the survival of an individual, and is a significant challenging problem. Generally, chest radiographs (X-ray) and computed tomography (CT) scans are used initially for the diagnosis of the malignant nodules; however, the possible existence of benign nodules leads to erroneous decisions. At early stages, the benign and the malignant nodules show very close resemblance to each other. In this paper, a novel deep learning-based model with multiple strategies is proposed for the precise diagnosis of the malignant nodules. Due to the recent achievements of deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) in image analysis, we have used two deep three-dimensional (3D) customized mixed link network (CMixNet) architectures for lung nodule detection and classification, respectively. Nodule detections were performed through faster R-CNN on efficiently-learned features from CMixNet and U-Net like encoder-decoder architecture. Classification of the nodules was performed through a gradient boosting machine (GBM) on the learned features from the designed 3D CMixNet structure. To reduce false positives and misdiagnosis results due to different types of errors, the final decision was performed in connection with physiological symptoms and clinical biomarkers. With the advent of the internet of things (IoT) and electro-medical technology, wireless body area networks (WBANs) provide continuous monitoring of patients, which helps in diagnosis of chronic diseases-especially metastatic cancers. The deep learning model for nodules' detection and classification, combined with clinical factors, helps in the reduction of misdiagnosis and false positive (FP) results in early-stage lung cancer diagnosis. The proposed system was evaluated on LIDC-IDRI datasets in the form of sensitivity (94%) and specificity (91%), and better results were obatined compared to the existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrullah Nasrullah
- Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber Physical Society of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- School of Big Data & Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Department of Software Engineering, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Jun Sang
- Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber Physical Society of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
- School of Big Data & Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Mohammad S Alam
- Frank H. Dotterweich College of Engineering, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363-8202, USA
| | - Muhammad Mateen
- Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber Physical Society of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- School of Big Data & Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber Physical Society of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- School of Big Data & Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Haibo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber Physical Society of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- School of Big Data & Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Kaestner E, Reyes A, Macari AC, Chang YH, Paul B, Hermann B, McDonald CR. Identifying the neural basis of a language-impaired phenotype of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2019; 60:1627-1638. [PMID: 31297795 PMCID: PMC6687533 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify neuroimaging and clinical biomarkers associated with a language-impaired phenotype in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). METHODS Eighty-five patients with TLE were characterized as language-impaired (TLE-LI) or non-language-impaired (TLE-NLI) based on comprehensive neuropsychological testing. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging, and functional MRI (fMRI) were obtained in patients and 47 healthy controls (HC). fMRI activations and cortical thickness were calculated within language regions of interest, and fractional anisotropy (FA) was calculated within deep white matter tracts associated with language. Analyses of variance were performed to test for differences among the groups in imaging measures. Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to determine how well different clinical versus imaging measures discriminated TLE-LI from TLE-NLI. RESULTS TLE-LI patients showed significantly less activation within left superior temporal cortex compared to HC and TLE-NLI, regardless of side of seizure onset. TLE-LI also showed decreased FA in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus and arcuate fasciculus compared to HC. Cortical thickness did not differ between groups in any region. A model that included language-related fMRI activations within the superior temporal gyrus, age at onset, and demographic variables was the most predictive of language impairment (area under the curve = 0.80). SIGNIFICANCE These findings demonstrate a unique imaging signature associated with a language-impaired phenotype in TLE, characterized by functional and microstructural alterations within the language network. Reduced left superior temporal activation combined with compromise to language association tracts underlies this phenotype, extending our previous work on cognitive phenotypes that could have implications for treatment-planning or cognitive progression in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kaestner
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego
| | - Anny Reyes
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego
| | | | - Yu-Hsuan Chang
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego
| | - Brianna Paul
- Department of Neurology, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco
- UCSF Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, San Francisco
| | - Bruce Hermann
- Matthews Neuropsychology Section, University of Wisconsin
| | - Carrie R. McDonald
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego
- UCSD Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, San Diego
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
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Qin X, Cheng J, Zhong Y, Mahgoub OK, Akter F, Fan Y, Aldughaim M, Xie Q, Qin L, Gu L, Jian Z, Xiong X, Liu R. Mechanism and Treatment Related to Oxidative Stress in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:88. [PMID: 31031592 PMCID: PMC6470360 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a type of neonatal brain injury, which occurs due to lack of supply and oxygen deprivation to the brain. It is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. There are several therapeutic strategies that can be used to improve outcomes in patients with HIE. These include cell therapies such as marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and umbilical cord blood stem cells (UCBCs), which are being incorporated into the new protocols for the prevention of ischemic brain damage. The focus of this review is to discuss the mechanism of oxidative stress in HIE and summarize the current available treatments for HIE. We hope that a better understanding of the relationship between oxidative stress and HIE will provide new insights on the potential therapy of this devastating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingping Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Omer Kamal Mahgoub
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Farhana Akter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yanqin Fan
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mohammed Aldughaim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qiurong Xie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingxia Qin
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Renzhong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a central role in tumor dissemination and metastases, which are ultimately responsible for most cancer deaths. Technologies that allow for identification and enumeration of rare CTC from cancer patients' blood have already established CTC as an important clinical biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Indeed, current efforts to robustly characterize CTC as well as the associated cells of the tumor microenvironment such as circulating cancer associated fibroblasts (cCAF), are poised to unmask key insights into the metastatic process. Ultimately, the clinical utility of CTC will be fully realized once CTC can be reliably cultured and proliferated as a biospecimen for precision management of cancer patients, and for discovery of novel therapeutics. In this review, we highlight the latest CTC capture and analyses technologies, and discuss in vitro strategies for culturing and propagating CTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Agarwal
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami
| | - Marija Balic
- Associate Professor, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Unit Circulating Tumor Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Dorraya El-Ashry
- Associate Professor, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota
| | - Richard J. Cote
- Professor and Joseph R. Coulter Jr. Chair, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Director, John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute (BioNIUM), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
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Danielsson F, Peterson MK, Caldeira Araújo H, Lautenschläger F, Gad AKB. Vimentin Diversity in Health and Disease. Cells 2018; 7:E147. [PMID: 30248895 PMCID: PMC6210396 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin is a protein that has been linked to a large variety of pathophysiological conditions, including cataracts, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, HIV and cancer. Vimentin has also been shown to regulate a wide spectrum of basic cellular functions. In cells, vimentin assembles into a network of filaments that spans the cytoplasm. It can also be found in smaller, non-filamentous forms that can localise both within cells and within the extracellular microenvironment. The vimentin structure can be altered by subunit exchange, cleavage into different sizes, re-annealing, post-translational modifications and interacting proteins. Together with the observation that different domains of vimentin might have evolved under different selection pressures that defined distinct biological functions for different parts of the protein, the many diverse variants of vimentin might be the cause of its functional diversity. A number of review articles have focussed on the biology and medical aspects of intermediate filament proteins without particular commitment to vimentin, and other reviews have focussed on intermediate filaments in an in vitro context. In contrast, the present review focusses almost exclusively on vimentin, and covers both ex vivo and in vivo data from tissue culture and from living organisms, including a summary of the many phenotypes of vimentin knockout animals. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the many diverse aspects of vimentin, from biochemical, mechanical, cellular, systems biology and medical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Danielsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Campus D2 2, Leibniz-Institut für Neue Materialien gGmbH (INM) and Experimental Physics, NT Faculty, E 2 6, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Annica Karin Britt Gad
- Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, 9020105 Funchal, Portugal.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Butterfield DA, Palmieri EM, Castegna A. Clinical implications from proteomic studies in neurodegenerative diseases: lessons from mitochondrial proteins. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:259-74. [PMID: 26837425 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2016.1149470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in eukaryotic cells, being mediators of energy, biosynthetic and regulatory requirements of these cells. Emerging proteomics techniques have allowed scientists to obtain the differentially expressed proteome or the proteomic redox status in mitochondria. This has unmasked the diversity of proteins with respect to subcellular location, expression and interactions. Mitochondria have become a research 'hot spot' in subcellular proteomics, leading to identification of candidate clinical targets in neurodegenerative diseases in which mitochondria are known to play pathological roles. The extensive efforts to rapidly obtain differentially expressed proteomes and unravel the redox proteomic status in mitochondria have yielded clinical insights into the neuropathological mechanisms of disease, identification of disease early stage and evaluation of disease progression. Although current technical limitations hamper full exploitation of the mitochondrial proteome in neurosciences, future advances are predicted to provide identification of specific therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Allan Butterfield
- a Department of Chemistry, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging , University of Kentucky , Lexington , KY , USA
| | - Erika M Palmieri
- b Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics , University of Bari 'Aldo Moro' , Bari , Italy
| | - Alessandra Castegna
- b Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics , University of Bari 'Aldo Moro' , Bari , Italy
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Ramot Y, Kodavanti UP, Kissling GE, Ledbetter AD, Nyska A. Clinical and pathological manifestations of cardiovascular disease in rat models: the influence of acute ozone exposure. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 27 Suppl 1:26-38. [PMID: 26667329 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.954168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Rodent models of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and metabolic disorders are used for examining susceptibility variations to environmental exposures. However, cross-model organ pathologies and clinical manifestations are often not compared. We hypothesized that genetic CVD rat models will exhibit baseline pathologies and will thus express varied lung response to acute ozone exposure. Male 12-14-week-old healthy Wistar Kyoto (WKY), Wistar (WIS), and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and CVD-compromised spontaneously hypertensive (SH), fawn-hooded hypertensive (FHH), stroke-prone SH (SHSP), obese SH heart-failure (SHHF), obese diabetic JCR (JCR) rats were exposed to 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm ozone for 4 h and clinical biomarkers, and lung, heart and kidney pathologies were compared immediately following (0-h) or 20-h later. Strain differences were observed between air-exposed CVD-prone and WKY rats in clinical biomarkers and in kidney and heart pathology. Serum cholesterol was higher in air-exposed obese SHHF and JCR compared to other air-exposed strains. Ozone did not produce lesions in the heart or kidney. CVD-prone and SD rats demonstrated glomerulopathy and kidney inflammation (WKY = WIS = SH < SD = SHSP < SHHF < JCR = FHH) regardless of ozone. Cardiac myofiber degeneration was evident in SH, SHHF, and JCR, while only JCR tends to have inflammation in coronaries. Lung pathology in air-exposed rats was minimal in all strains except JCR. Ozone induced variable alveolar histiocytosis and bronchiolar inflammation; JCR and SHHF were less affected. This study provides a comparative account of the clinical manifestations of disease and early-life organ pathologies in several rat models of CVD and their differential susceptibility to lung injury from air pollutant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ramot
- a Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- b Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | | | - Allen D Ledbetter
- b Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Abraham Nyska
- d Department of Pathology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
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Abstract
Currently, there is a pressing need to shift the focus to accurate detection of the earliest phase of increasingly preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). Meanwhile, the growing recognition that the pathophysiological process of AD begins many years prior to clinically obvious symptoms and the concept of a presymptomatic or preclinical stage of AD are becoming more widely accepted. Advances in clinical identification of new measurements will be critical not only in the discovery of sensitive, specific, and reliable biomarkers of preclinical AD but also in the development of tests that will aid in the early detection and differential diagnosis of dementia and in monitoring disease progression. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of biomarkers for preclinical AD, with emphasis on neuroimaging and neurochemical biomarkers. We conclude with a discussion of emergent directions for AD biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, China Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, China Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol Bristol, UK ; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London London, UK
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Lan F, Yue X, Ren G, Wang Y, Xia T. Serum toll-like receptors are potential biomarkers of radiation pneumonia in locally advanced NSCLC. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:8087-8095. [PMID: 25550856 PMCID: PMC4270563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are highly or lowly expressed in a wide variety of tumors and exhibit either pro-tumor or anti-tumor activities. In the present study, we investigate whether there are relationships between the expressions of TLRs and the occurrence of radiation pneumonia in advanced NSCLC patients treated with radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS 76 patients diagnosed with NSCLC and 50 healthy controls were recruited from Oct 2012 to Jan 2014. The expressions of serum TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 were detected by ELISA techniques. Fisher exact test, χ(2) test, ROC working curve and Cox regression model were applied to analyze all data. RESULTS serum TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 exhibited a relative high expression level in NSCLC patients compared with healthy controls. Importantly, pre-neutrophil granulocyte ratio was associated with the expression of TLR1, TLR2, and TLR4. Moreover, the patients with high ratio of neutrophil granulocyte significantly increased the occurrence of fever in comparison to normal neutrophil ratio in NSCLC patients during the course of radiotherapy. We further evaluated the containing of TLRs when patients had temperatures and found serum TLR1, TLR2 and TLR4 were over-expressed. Finally, 26 of 76 patients were diagnosed with different stages of radiation induced pneumonia; as a result, the contents of TLR1 and TLR4 before radiotherapy were identified as independent significances with pneumonia occurrence. CONCLUSIONS The pretreatment levels of TLR1 and TLR4 have the predictive value to be clinically potential biomarkers of pneumonia risk in locally advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Lan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, PLA Airforce General HospitalBeijing 100142, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin HospitalTianjin 300190, China
| | - Xiao Yue
- Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Neurosurgery InstituteTianjin 300060, China
| | - Gang Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, PLA Airforce General HospitalBeijing 100142, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, PLA Airforce General HospitalBeijing 100142, China
| | - Tingyi Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, PLA Airforce General HospitalBeijing 100142, China
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Abstract
There are now a range of effective targeted agents available for the first- and second-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, patients with advanced RCC have varied responses to therapy; some experience long-term responses while others may not respond, or even progress rapidly. Characteristics or markers that could be used to determine which patients will benefit most from which agent may enable us to select the optimal treatment of each individual patient, thereby improving efficacy and avoiding unnecessary toxic effects. These characteristics may be at the cellular or genetic level. Alternatively, the occurrence of adverse events may act as surrogate markers of a drug's on treatment activity, enabling prediction of outcomes during treatment. Recently, it has been suggested that during some targeted therapy for advanced RCC, the occurrence of specific adverse events, such as hypertension, hypothyroidism, hand-foot syndrome or fatigue/asthenia, may be associated with improved efficacy. This article reviews the evidence supporting clinical biomarkers in patients with advanced RCC receiving targeted agents. We also consider how these clinical biomarkers may affect the future management of patients with advanced RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ravaud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux
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