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Hosseinzadeh S, Rafat SA, Javanmard A, Fang L. Identification of candidate genes associated with milk production and mastitis based on transcriptome-wide association study. Anim Genet 2024. [PMID: 38594914 DOI: 10.1111/age.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Genetic research for the assessment of mastitis and milk production traits simultaneously has a long history. The main issue that arises in this context is the known existence of a positive correlation between the risk of mastitis and lactation performance due to selection. The transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) approach endeavors to combine the expression quantitative trait loci and genome-wide association study summary statistics to decode complex traits or diseases. Accordingly, we used the farmgtex project results as a complete bovine database for mastitis and milk production. The results of colocalization and TWAS approaches were used for the detection of functional associated candidate genes with milk production and mastitis traits on multiple tissue-based transcriptome records. Also, we used the david database for gene ontology to identify significant terms and associated genes. For the identification of interaction networks, the genemania and string databases were used. Also, the available z-scores in TWAS results were used for the calculation of the correlation between tissues. Therefore, the present results confirm that LYNX1, DGAT1, C14H8orf33, and LY6E were identified as significant genes associated with milk production in eight, six, five, and five tissues, respectively. Also, FBXL6 was detected as a significant gene associated with mastitis trait. CLN3 and ZNF34 genes emerged via both the colocalization and TWAS approaches as significant genes for milk production trait. It is expected that TWAS and colocalization can improve our perception of the potential health status control mechanism in high-yielding dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Rafat
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Javanmard
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Lingzhao Fang
- MRC Human Genetics Unit at the Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Saferali A, Kim W, Xu Z, Chase RP, Cho MH, Laederach A, Castaldi PJ, Hersh CP. Colocalization analysis of 3' UTR alternative polyadenylation quantitative trait loci reveals novel mechanisms underlying associations with lung function. Hum Mol Genet 2024:ddae055. [PMID: 38569558 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
While many disease-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), a large proportion of genome-wide association study (GWAS) variants are of unknown function. Alternative polyadenylation (APA) plays an important role in posttranscriptional regulation by allowing genes to shorten or extend 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). We hypothesized that genetic variants that affect APA in lung tissue may lend insight into the function of respiratory associated GWAS loci. We generated alternative polyadenylation (apa) QTLs using RNA sequencing and whole genome sequencing on 1241 subjects from the Lung Tissue Research Consortium (LTRC) as part of the NHLBI TOPMed project. We identified 56 179 APA sites corresponding to 13 582 unique genes after filtering out APA sites with low usage. We found that a total of 8831 APA sites were associated with at least one SNP with q-value < 0.05. The genomic distribution of lead APA SNPs indicated that the majority are intronic variants (33%), followed by downstream gene variants (26%), 3' UTR variants (17%), and upstream gene variants (within 1 kb region upstream of transcriptional start site, 10%). APA sites in 193 genes colocalized with GWAS data for at least one phenotype. Genes containing the top APA sites associated with GWAS variants include membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 2 (MARCHF2), nectin cell adhesion molecule 2 (NECTIN2), and butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A2 (BTN3A2). Overall, these findings suggest that APA may be an important mechanism for genetic variants in lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aabida Saferali
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Wonji Kim
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Zhonghui Xu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Robert P Chase
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Alain Laederach
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Peter J Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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3
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Frommer J, Oppenheimer R, Allott BM, Núñez-Pertíñez S, Wilks TR, Cox LR, Bath J, O'Reilly RK, Turberfield AJ. A New Architecture for DNA-Templated Synthesis in Which Abasic Sites Protect Reactants from Degradation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317482. [PMID: 38346169 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of artificial sequence-defined polymers that match and extend the functionality of proteins is an important goal in materials science. One way of achieving this is to program a sequence of chemical reactions between precursor building blocks by means of attached oligonucleotide adapters. However, hydrolysis of the reactive building blocks has so far limited the length and yield of product that can be obtained using DNA-templated reactions. Here, we report an architecture for DNA-templated synthesis in which reactants are tethered at internal abasic sites on opposite strands of a DNA duplex. We show that an abasic site within a DNA duplex can protect a nearby thioester from degradation, significantly increasing the yield of a DNA-templated reaction. This protective effect has the potential to overcome the challenges associated with programmable, sequence-controlled synthesis of long non-natural polymers by extending the lifetime of the reactive building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Frommer
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Oppenheimer
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Benjamin M Allott
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot, Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Samuel Núñez-Pertíñez
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot, Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Thomas R Wilks
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot, Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Liam R Cox
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot, Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Jonathan Bath
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot, Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Rachel K O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Turberfield
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot, Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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Li X, Liang Z. Causal effect of gut microbiota on pancreatic cancer: A Mendelian randomization and colocalization study. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18255. [PMID: 38526030 PMCID: PMC10962122 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The causal relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and pancreatic cancer (PC) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential genes underlying this mechanism. GM Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data were from the MiBioGen consortium. PC GWAS data were from the National Human Genome Research Institute-European Bioinformatics Institute (NHGRI-EBI) GWAS Catalogue. To detect the causal relationship between GM and PC, we implemented three complementary Mendelian randomization (MR) methods: Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW), MR-Egger and Weighted Median, followed by sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, we integrated GM GWAS data with blood cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and blood cis-DNA methylation QTL (mQTLs) using Summary data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) methods. This integration aimed to prioritize potential GM-affecting genes through SMR analysis of two molecular traits. PC cis-eQTLs and cis-mQTLs were summarized from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Through colocalization analysis of GM cis-QTLs and PC cis-QTLs data, we identified common genes that influence both GM and PC. Our study found a causal association between GM and PC, including four protective and five risk-associated GM [Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), p < 0.05]. No significant heterogeneity of instrumental variables (IVs) or horizontal pleiotropy was found. The gene SVBP was identified as a GM-affecting gene using SMR analysis of two molecular traits (FDR<0.05, P_HEIDI>0.05). Additionally, two genes, MCM6 and RPS26, were implicated in the interaction between GM and PC based on colocalization analysis (PPH4>0.5). In summary, this study provides evidence for future research aimed at developing suitable therapeutic interventions and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated HospitalGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Zhihai Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated HospitalGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
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Soltisz AM, Craigmile PF, Veeraraghavan R. Spatial Pattern Analysis using Closest Events (SPACE)-A Nearest Neighbor Point Pattern Analysis Framework for Assessing Spatial Relationships from Digital Images. Microsc Microanal 2024:ozae022. [PMID: 38498601 DOI: 10.1093/mam/ozae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The quantitative description of biological structures is a valuable yet difficult task in the life sciences. This is commonly accomplished by imaging samples using fluorescence microscopy and analyzing resulting images using Pearson's correlation or Manders' co-occurrence intensity-based colocalization paradigms. Though conceptually and computationally simple, these approaches are critically flawed due to their reliance on signal overlap, sensitivity to cursory signal qualities, and inability to differentiate true and incidental colocalization. Point pattern analysis provides a framework for quantitative characterization of spatial relationships between spatial patterns using the distances between observations rather than their overlap, thus overcoming these issues. Here we introduce an image analysis tool called Spatial Pattern Analysis using Closest Events (SPACE) that leverages nearest neighbor-based point pattern analysis to characterize the spatial relationship of fluorescence microscopy signals from image data. The utility of SPACE is demonstrated by assessing the spatial association between mRNA and cell nuclei from confocal images of cardiac myocytes. Additionally, we use synthetic and empirical images to characterize the sensitivity of SPACE to image segmentation parameters and cursory image qualities such as signal abundance and image resolution. Ultimately, SPACE delivers performance superior to traditional colocalization methods and offers a valuable addition to the microscopist's toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Soltisz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, 2124 Fontana Labs,140 W. 19th Ave, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peter F Craigmile
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunter College, City University of New York, Hunter East 908,695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rengasayee Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, 2124 Fontana Labs,140 W. 19th Ave, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 2255 Kenny Rd,Rm 5189, Pelotonia Research Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Shi J, Wang Z, Yi M, Xie S, Zhang X, Tao D, Liu Y, Yang Y. Evidence based on Mendelian randomization and colocalization analysis strengthens causal relationships between structural changes in specific brain regions and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1333782. [PMID: 38505770 PMCID: PMC10948422 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1333782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord with a poor prognosis. Previous studies have observed cognitive decline and changes in brain morphometry in ALS patients. However, it remains unclear whether the brain structural alterations contribute to the risk of ALS. In this study, we conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analysis to investigate this causal relationship. Methods Summary data of genome-wide association study were obtained for ALS and the brain structures, including surface area (SA), thickness and volume of subcortical structures. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main estimate approach. Sensitivity analysis was conducted detect heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Colocalization analysis was performed to calculate the posterior probability of causal variation and identify the common genes. Results In the forward MR analysis, we found positive associations between the SA in four cortical regions (lingual, parahippocampal, pericalcarine, and middle temporal) and the risk of ALS. Additionally, decreased thickness in nine cortical regions (caudal anterior cingulate, frontal pole, fusiform, inferior temporal, lateral occipital, lateral orbitofrontal, pars orbitalis, pars triangularis, and pericalcarine) was significantly associated with a higher risk of ALS. In the reverse MR analysis, genetically predicted ALS was associated with reduced thickness in the bankssts and increased thickness in the caudal middle frontal, inferior parietal, medial orbitofrontal, and superior temporal regions. Colocalization analysis revealed the presence of shared causal variants between the two traits. Conclusion Our results suggest that altered brain morphometry in individuals with high ALS risk may be genetically mediated. The causal associations of widespread multifocal extra-motor atrophy in frontal and temporal lobes with ALS risk support the notion of a continuum between ALS and frontotemporal dementia. These findings enhance our understanding of the cortical structural patterns in ALS and shed light on potentially viable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Bhagwan Valjee R, Mackraj I, Moodley R, Ibrahim UH. Investigation of exosomal tetraspanin profile in sepsis patients as a promising diagnostic biomarker. Biomarkers 2024; 29:78-89. [PMID: 38354024 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2024.2319296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis, a leading cause of mortality globally, has a complex and multifaceted pathophysiology which still requires elucidation. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze and quantify the number of exosomes in sepsis patients from a South African cohort using the ExoView (NanoView Biosciences, Boston, MA) platform. METHODS Blood samples were collected from black South African patients attending the local Intensive Care Unit (ICU) hospital. Exosomes were isolated and characterize via TEM and CD63 ELISA kits. ExoView was used to determine particle count, particle size distribution and colocalization of different tetraspanin markers. RESULTS Exosomal levels in sepsis patients were significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Sepsis exosomes showed a homogenous size distribution ranging from 55 to 70 nm. Tetraspanin colocalization analysis revealed that sepsis exosomes have significantly higher CD63/CD9, CD63/CD81 and CD63/CD9/CD81 colocalization percentages than the control group. CONCLUSION This unique tetraspanin colocalization pattern of sepsis exosomes could serve as a potential sepsis biomarker. Further investigations are required to identify sepsis exosomal cargo signatures for further understanding of sepsis pathophysiology in order to develop effective diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roushka Bhagwan Valjee
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Irene Mackraj
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Roshila Moodley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Usri H Ibrahim
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Liu X, Yuan J, Liu S, Wang X, Tang M, Meng X, Li Y, Chai Y, Wang Y, Tian G, Liu X, Zhou H, Kou C, Zhang L, Yuan Z, Zhang H. The causal relationship between autoimmune thyroid disorders and telomere length: A Mendelian randomization and colocalization study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024; 100:294-303. [PMID: 38214116 DOI: 10.1111/cen.15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether there is a causal relationship between autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITDs) and telomere length (TL) in the European population and whether there is reverse causality. In this study, Mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analysis were conducted to assess the potential causal relationship between AITDs and TL using summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies, followed by analysis of the relationship between TL and thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine (FT4) to help interpret the findings. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used to estimate the causal estimates. The weighted median, MR-Egger and leave-one-out methods were used as sensitivity analyses. The IVW method results showed a significant causal relationship between autoimmune hyperthyroidism and TL (β = -1.93 × 10-2 ; p = 4.54 × 10-5 ). There was no causal relationship between autoimmune hypothyroidism and TL (β = -3.99 × 10-3 ; p = 0.324). The results of the reverse MR analysis showed that genetically TL had a significant causal relationship on autoimmune hyperthyroidism (IVW: odds ratio (OR) = 0.49; p = 2.83 × 10-4 ) and autoimmune hypothyroidism (IVW: OR = 0.86; p = 7.46 × 10-3 ). Both horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity tests indicated the validity of our bidirectional MR study. Finally, colocalization analysis suggested that there were shared causal variants between autoimmune hyperthyroidism and TL, further highlighting the robustness of the results. In conclusion, autoimmune hyperthyroidism may accelerate telomere attrition, and telomere attrition is a causal factor for AITDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mulin Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuwei Chai
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuyao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guoyu Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huizhi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunjia Kou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongshang Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
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Mahato J, Mukherjee R, Bose A, Mehra S, Gadhe L, Maji SK, Chowdhury A. Sensitized Emission Imaging Allows Nanoscale Surface Polarity Mapping of α-Synuclein Amyloid Fibrils. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:108-118. [PMID: 38099928 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
When misfolded, α-Synuclein (α-Syn), a natively disordered protein, aggregates to form amyloid fibrils responsible for the neurodegeneration observed in Parkinson's disease. Structural studies revealed distinct molecular packing of α-Syn in different fibril polymorphs and variations of interprotofilament connections in the fibrillar architecture. Fibril polymorphs have been hypothesized to exhibit diverse surface polarities depending on the folding state of the protein during aggregation; however, the spatial variation of surface polarity in amyloid fibrils remains unexplored. To map the local polarity (or hydrophobicity) along α-Syn fibrils, we visualized the spectral characteristics of two dyes with distinct polarities-hydrophilic Thioflavin T (ThT) and hydrophobic Nile red (NR)─when both are bound to α-Syn fibrils. Dual-channel fluorescence imaging reveals uneven partitioning of ThT and NR along individual fibrils, implying that relatively more polar/hydrophobic patches are spread over a few hundred nanometers. Remarkably, spectrally resolved sensitized emission imaging of α-Syn fibrils provides unambiguous evidence of energy transfer from ThT to NR, implying that dyes of dissimilar polarity are in close proximity. Furthermore, spatially resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of the solvatochromic probe NR allowed us to quantitatively map the range and variation of the polarity parameter ET30 along individual fibrils. Our results suggest the existence of interlaced polar and nonpolar nanoscale domains throughout the fibrils; however, the relative populations of these patches vary considerably over larger length scales likely due to heterogeneous packing of α-Syn during fibrilization and dissimilar exposed polarities of polymorphic segments. The employed method may provide a foundation for imaging modalities of other similar structurally unresolved systems with diverse hydrophobic-hydrophilic topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaladhar Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai 400076, Mumbai, India
| | - Rajat Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai 400076, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhik Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai 400076, Mumbai, India
| | - Surabhi Mehra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai 400076, Mumbai, India
| | - Laxmikant Gadhe
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai 400076, Mumbai, India
| | - Samir K Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai 400076, Mumbai, India
- Sunita Sanghi Centre of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai 400076, Mumbai, India
| | - Arindam Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai 400076, Mumbai, India
- Sunita Sanghi Centre of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai 400076, Mumbai, India
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10
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Breton V, Nazac P, Boulet D, Danglot L. Molecular mapping of neuronal architecture using STORM microscopy and new fluorescent probes for SMLM imaging. Neurophotonics 2024; 11:014414. [PMID: 38464866 PMCID: PMC10923464 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.1.014414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Imaging neuronal architecture has been a recurrent challenge over the years, and the localization of synaptic proteins is a frequent challenge in neuroscience. To quantitatively detect and analyze the structure of synapses, we recently developed free SODA software to detect the association of pre and postsynaptic proteins. To fully take advantage of spatial distribution analysis in complex cells, such as neurons, we also selected some new dyes for plasma membrane labeling. Using Icy SODA plugin, we could detect and analyze synaptic association in both conventional and single molecule localization microscopy, giving access to a molecular map at the nanoscale level. To replace those molecular distributions within the neuronal three-dimensional (3D) shape, we used MemBright probes and 3D STORM analysis to decipher the entire 3D shape of various dendritic spine types at the single-molecule resolution level. We report here the example of synaptic proteins within neuronal mask, but these tools have a broader spectrum of interest since they can be used whatever the proteins or the cellular type. Altogether with SODA plugin, MemBright probes thus provide the perfect toolkit to decipher a nanometric molecular map of proteins within a 3D cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Breton
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Paris, France
| | - Paul Nazac
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Paris, France
| | - David Boulet
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, NeurImag Core Facility, Paris, France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, NeurImag Core Facility, Paris, France
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11
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Ohlei O, Sommerer Y, Dobricic V, Homann J, Deecke L, Schilling M, Bartrés-Faz D, Cattaneo G, Düzel S, Fjell AM, Lindenberger U, Pascual-Leone Á, Sedghpour Sabet S, Solé-Padullés C, Tormos JM, Vetter VM, Walhovd KB, Wesse T, Wittig M, Franke A, Demuth I, Lill CM, Bertram L. Genome-wide QTL mapping across three tissues highlights several Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease loci potentially acting via DNA methylation. medRxiv 2023:2023.12.22.23300365. [PMID: 38196633 PMCID: PMC10775408 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.22.23300365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
DNA methylation (DNAm) is an epigenetic mark with essential roles in disease development and predisposition. Here, we created genome-wide maps of methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTL) in three peripheral tissues and used Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess the potential causal relationships between DNAm and risk for two common neurodegenerative disorders, i.e. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; ~5.5M sites) and DNAm (~850K CpG sites) data were generated from whole blood (n=1,058), buccal (n=1,527) and saliva (n=837) specimens. We identified between 11 and 15 million genome-wide significant (p<10-14) SNP-CpG associations in each tissue. Combining these meQTL GWAS results with recent AD/PD GWAS summary statistics by MR strongly suggests that the previously described associations between PSMC3, PICALM, and TSPAN14 and AD may be founded on differential DNAm in or near these genes. In addition, there is strong, albeit less unequivocal, support for causal links between DNAm at PRDM7 in AD as well as at KANSL1/MAPT in AD and PD. Our study adds valuable insights on AD/PD pathogenesis by combining two high-resolution "omics" domains, and the meQTL data shared along with this publication will allow like-minded analyses in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Ohlei
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yasmine Sommerer
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Valerija Dobricic
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Homann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Laura Deecke
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marcel Schilling
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Gene Regulation of Cell Identity, Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriele Cattaneo
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Düzel
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Álvaro Pascual-Leone
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanaz Sedghpour Sabet
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Cristina Solé-Padullés
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Tormos
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Camí de les Escoles, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentin M Vetter
- Biology of Aging Working Group, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Lipid Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tanja Wesse
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Wittig
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Biology of Aging Working Group, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Lipid Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina M Lill
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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12
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Alvarado CX, Weller CA, Johnson N, Leonard HL, Singleton AB, Reed X, Blauewendraat C, Nalls MA. Human brain single nucleus cell type enrichments in neurodegenerative diseases. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3390225. [PMID: 38014237 PMCID: PMC10680930 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3390225/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Single-cell RNA sequencing has opened a window into clarifying the complex underpinnings of disease, particularly in quantifying the relevance of tissue- and cell-type-specific gene expression. Methods To identify the cell types and genes important to therapeutic target development across the neurodegenerative disease spectrum, we leveraged genome-wide association studies, recent single-cell sequencing data, and bulk expression studies in a diverse series of brain region tissues. Results We were able to identify significant immune-related cell types in the brain across three major neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Subsequently, putative roles of 30 fine-mapped loci implicating seven genes in multiple neurodegenerative diseases and their pathogenesis were identified. Conclusions We have helped refine the genetic regions and cell types effected across multiple neurodegenerative diseases, helping focus future translational research efforts.
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13
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Al Mamun MA, Reza MA, Islam MS. Identification of novel proteins regulating lipid droplet biogenesis in filamentous fungi. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:702-722. [PMID: 37748926 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are storage organelles for neutral lipids which are critical for lipid homeostasis. Current knowledge of fungal LD biogenesis is largely limited to budding yeast, while LD regulation in multinucleated filamentous fungi which exhibit considerable metabolic activity remains unexplored. In this study, 19 LD-associated proteins were identified in the multinucleated species Aspergillus oryzae using a colocalization screening of a previously established enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fusion library. Functional screening identified 12 lipid droplet-regulating (LDR) proteins whose loss of function resulted in irregular LD biogenesis, particularly in terms of LD number and size. Bioinformatics analysis, targeted mutagenesis, and microscopy revealed four LDR proteins that localize to LD via the putative amphipathic helices (AHs). Further analysis revealed that LdrA with an Opi1 domain is essential for cytoplasmic and nuclear LD biogenesis involving a novel AH. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the patterns of gene evolution were predominantly based on gene duplication. Our study identified a set of novel proteins involved in the regulation of LD biogenesis, providing unique molecular and evolutionary insights into fungal lipid storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdulla Al Mamun
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Abu Reza
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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14
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Tapia-González S, DeFelipe J. Secretagogin as a marker to distinguish between different neuron types in human frontal and temporal cortex. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1210502. [PMID: 38020216 PMCID: PMC10646422 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1210502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The principal aim of the present work was to chemically characterize the population of neurons labeled for the calcium binding protein secretagogin (SCGN) in the human frontal and temporal cortices (Brodmann's area 10 and 21, respectively). Both cortical regions are involved in many high cognitive functions that are especially well developed (or unique) in humans, but with different functional roles. The pattern of SCGN immunostaining was rather similar in BA10 and BA21, with all the labeled neurons displaying a non-pyramidal morphology (interneurons). Although SCGN cells were present throughout all layers, they were more frequently observed in layers II, III and IV, whereas in layer I they were found only occasionally. We examined the degree of colocalization of SCGN with parvalbumin (PV) and calretinin (CR), as well as with nitric oxide synthase (nNOS; the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of nitric oxide by neurons) by triple immunostaining. We looked for possible similarities or differences in the coexpression patterns of SCGN with PV, CR and nNOS between BA10 and BA21 throughout the different cortical layers (I-VI). The percentage of colocalization was estimated by counting the number of all labeled cells through columns (1,100-1,400 μm wide) across the entire thickness of the cortex (from the pial surface to the white matter) in 50 μm-thick sections. Several hundred neurons were examined in both cortical regions. We found that SCGN cells include multiple neurochemical subtypes, whose abundance varies according to the cortical area and layer. The present results further highlight the regional specialization of cortical neurons and underline the importance of performing additional experiments to characterize the subpopulation of SCGN cells in the human cerebral cortex in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tapia-González
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier DeFelipe
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Vasileva L, Gaynanova G, Kuznetsova D, Valeeva F, Lyubina A, Amerhanova S, Voloshina A, Sibgatullina G, Samigullin D, Petrov K, Zakharova L. Mitochondria-Targeted Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded with Rotenone as a New Approach for the Treatment of Oncological Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:7229. [PMID: 37894708 PMCID: PMC10609561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This research is based on the concept that mitochondria are a promising target for anticancer therapy, including thatassociated with the use of oxidative phosphorylation blockers (mitochondrial poisons). Liposomes based on L-α-phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol (Chol) modified with cationic surfactants with triphenylphosphonium (TPPB-n, where n = 10, 12, 14, and 16) and imidazolium (IA-n(OH), where n = 10, 12, 14, and 16) head groups were obtained. The physicochemical characteristics of liposomes at different surfactant/lipid molar ratios were determined by dynamic/electrophoretic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and spectrophotometry. The hydrodynamic diameter of all the systems was within 120 nm with a polydispersity index of no more than 0.24 even after 2 months of storage. It was shown that cationization of liposomes leads to an increase in the internalization of nanocontainers in pancreatic carcinoma (PANC-1) and duodenal adenocarcinoma (HuTu 80) cells compared with unmodified liposomes. Also, using confocal microscopy, it was shown that liposomes modified with TPPB-14 and IA-14(OH) statistically better colocalize with the mitochondria of tumor cells compared with unmodified ones. At the next stage, the mitochondrial poison rotenone (ROT) was loaded into cationic liposomes. It was shown that the optimal loading concentration of ROT is 0.1 mg/mL. The Korsmeyer-Peppas and Higuchi kinetic models were used to describe the release mechanism of ROT from liposomes in vitro. A significant reduction in the IC50 value for the modified liposomes compared with free ROT was shown and, importantly, a higher degree of selectivity for the HuTu 80 cell line compared with the normal cells (SI value is 307 and 113 for PC/Chol/TPPB-14/ROT and PC/Chol/IA-14(OH)/ROT, respectively) occurred. It was shown that the treatment of HuTu 80 cells with ROT-loaded cationic liposomal formulations leads to a dose-dependent decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leysan Vasileva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Gulnara Gaynanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Darya Kuznetsova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Farida Valeeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Anna Lyubina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Syumbelya Amerhanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Alexandra Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Guzel Sibgatullina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Dmitry Samigullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Konstantin Petrov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Lucia Zakharova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
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16
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van Duijvenboden S, Ramírez J, Young WJ, Olczak KJ, Ahmed F, Alhammadi MJAY, Bell CG, Morris AP, Munroe PB. Integration of genetic fine-mapping and multi-omics data reveals candidate effector genes for hypertension. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1718-1734. [PMID: 37683633 PMCID: PMC10577090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies of blood pressure (BP) have identified >1,000 loci, but the effector genes and biological pathways at these loci are mostly unknown. Using published association summary statistics, we conducted annotation-informed fine-mapping incorporating tissue-specific chromatin segmentation and colocalization to identify causal variants and candidate effector genes for systolic BP, diastolic BP, and pulse pressure. We observed 532 distinct signals associated with ≥2 BP traits and 84 with all three. For >20% of signals, a single variant accounted for >75% posterior probability, 65 were missense variants in known (SLC39A8, ADRB2, and DBH) and previously unreported BP candidate genes (NRIP1 and MMP14). In disease-relevant tissues, we colocalized >80 and >400 distinct signals for each BP trait with cis-eQTLs and regulatory regions from promoter capture Hi-C, respectively. Integrating mouse, human disorder, gene expression and tissue abundance data, and literature review, we provide consolidated evidence for 436 BP candidate genes for future functional validation and discover several potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan van Duijvenboden
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia Ramírez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK; Aragon Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - William J Young
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK; Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, EC1A 7BE London, UK
| | - Kaya J Olczak
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Farah Ahmed
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | | | - Christopher G Bell
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; National Institute of Health and Care Research, Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK; National Institute of Health and Care Research, Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK.
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17
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Schoemaker M, Martensson A, Mader JK, Nørgaard K, Freckmann G, Benhamou PY, Diem P, Heinemann L. Combining Glucose Monitoring and Insulin Infusion in an Integrated Device: A Narrative Review of Challenges and Proposed Solutions. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2023:19322968231203237. [PMID: 37798963 DOI: 10.1177/19322968231203237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems has enabled increasing numbers of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to improve their glycemic control largely. However, use of AID systems is limited due to their complexity and costs associated. The user must wear both a continuously monitoring glucose system and an insulin infusion pump. The glucose sensor and the insulin catheter must be inserted at two different body sites using different insertion devices. In addition, the user must pair and manage the different systems. These communicate with the AID software implemented on the pump or on a third device such as a dedicated display device or smart phone application. These components might be developed and commercialized by different manufacturers, which in turn can cause difficulties for patients seeking technical support. A possible solution to these challenges would be to integrate the glucose sensor and insulin catheter into a single device. This would allow the glucose sensor and insulin catheter to be inserted simultaneously, eliminating the need for pairing, and simplifying system management. In recent years, different technologies have been developed and evaluated in clinical investigations that combine the glucose sensor and the insulin catheter in one platform. The consistent finding of all these studies is that integration has no adverse effect on insulin infusion and glucose measurements provided that certain conditions are met. In this review, we discuss the perceived challenges of such an approach and discuss possible solutions that have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kirsten Nørgaard
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guido Freckmann
- Institut für Diabetes-Technologie, Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH an der Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pierre-Yves Benhamou
- Department of Endocrinology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Peter Diem
- Artificial Intelligence in Health and Nutrition, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Heinemann
- Science-Consulting in Diabetes GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
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18
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Mullin BH, Zhu K, Brown SJ, Mullin S, Dudbridge F, Pavlos NJ, Richards JB, Grundberg E, Bell JT, Zeggini E, Walsh JP, Xu J, Wilson SG. Leveraging osteoclast genetic regulatory data to identify genes with a role in osteoarthritis. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad150. [PMID: 37579195 PMCID: PMC10550309 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in the role of the subchondral bone and its resident osteoclasts in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 100 independent association signals for OA traits. Most of these signals are led by noncoding variants, suggesting that genetic regulatory effects may drive many of the associations. We have generated a unique human osteoclast-like cell-specific expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) resource for studying the genetics of bone disease. Considering the potential role of osteoclasts in the pathogenesis of OA, we performed an integrative analysis of this dataset with the recently published OA GWAS results. Summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) and colocalization analyses identified 38 genes with a potential role in OA, including some that have been implicated in Mendelian diseases with joint/skeletal abnormalities, such as BICRA, EIF6, CHST3, and FBN2. Several OA GWAS signals demonstrated colocalization with more than one eQTL peak, including at 19q13.32 (hip OA with BCAM, PRKD2, and BICRA eQTL). We also identified a number of eQTL signals colocalizing with more than one OA trait, including FAM53A, GCAT, HMGN1, MGAT4A, RRP7BP, and TRIOBP. An SMR analysis identified 3 loci with evidence of pleiotropic effects on OA-risk and gene expression: LINC01481, CPNE1, and EIF6. Both CPNE1 and EIF6 are located at 20q11.22, a locus harboring 2 other strong OA candidate genes, GDF5 and UQCC1, suggesting the presence of an OA-risk gene cluster. In summary, we have used our osteoclast-specific eQTL dataset to identify genes potentially involved with the pathogenesis of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Mullin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Suzanne J Brown
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Shelby Mullin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Nathan J Pavlos
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - J Brent Richards
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Medicine, Human Genetics, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Jordana T Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Translational Genomics, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - John P Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Scott G Wilson
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
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19
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Zhang M, Chiozzi RZ, Bromfield EG, Heck AJR, Helms JB, Gadella BM. Characterization of acrosin and acrosin binding protein as novel CRISP2 interacting proteins in boar spermatozoa. Andrology 2023; 11:1460-1471. [PMID: 36815564 PMCID: PMC10947329 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we reported that cysteine-rich secretory protein 2 is involved in high molecular weight complexes in boar spermatozoa. These cysteine-rich secretory protein 2protein complexes are formed at the last phase of sperm formation in the testis and play a role in sperm shaping and functioning. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify cysteine-rich secretory protein 2 interacting partners. These binding partner interactions were investigated under different conditions, namely, non-capacitating conditions, after the induction of in vitro sperm capacitation and subsequently during an ionophore A23187-induced acrosome reaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS The incubated pig sperm samples were subjected to protein extraction. Extracted proteins were subjected to blue native gel electrophoresis and native immunoblots. Immunoreactive gel bands were excised and subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis for protein identification. Protein extracts were also subjected to CRISP2 immunoprecipitation and analyzed by LC-MS for protein identification. The most prominent cystein-rich secretory protein 2 interacting proteins that appeared in both independent LC-MS analyses were studied with a functional in situ proximity interaction assay to validate their property to interact with cystein-rich secretory protein 2 in pig sperm. RESULTS Blue native gel electrophoresis and native immunoblots revealed that cystein-rich secretory protein 2 was present within a ∼150 kDa protein complex under all three conditions. Interrogation of cystein-rich secretory-protein 2-immunoreactive bands from blue native gels as well as cystein-rich secretory protein 2 immunoprecipitated products using mass spectrometry consistently revealed that, beyond cystein-rich secretory protein 2, acrosin and acrosin binding protein were among the most abundant interacting proteins and did interact under all three conditions. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting indicated that cystein-rich secretory protein 2 interacted with pro-acrosin (∼53 kDa) and Aacrosin binding protein under all three conditions and additionally to acrosin (∼35 kDa) after capacitation and the acrosome reaction. The colocalization of these interacting proteins with cystein-rich secretory protein 2 was assessed via in situ proximity ligation assays. The colocalization signal of cystein-rich secretory protein 2 and acrosin in the acrosome seemed dispersed after capacitation but was consistently present in the sperm tail under all conditions. The fluorescent foci of cystein-rich secretory protein 2 and acrsin binding protein colocalization appeared to be redistributed within the sperm head from the anterior acrosome to the post-acrosomal sheath region upon capacitation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results suggest that CRISP2 may act as a scaffold for protein complex formation and dissociation to ensure the correct positioning of proteins required for the acrosome reaction and zona pellucida penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and ProteomicsBijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics CentreUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth G Bromfield
- Department of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive ScienceSchool of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Albert JR Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and ProteomicsBijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics CentreUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - J Bernd Helms
- Department of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Bart M Gadella
- Department of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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20
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Yuan S, Xu F, Li X, Chen J, Zheng J, Mantzoros CS, Larsson SC. Plasma proteins and onset of type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications: Proteome-wide Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101174. [PMID: 37652020 PMCID: PMC10518626 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
We conduct proteome-wide Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses to decipher the associations of blood proteins with the risk of type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications. Genetic data on plasma proteome are obtained from 54,306 UK Biobank participants and 35,559 Icelanders. Summary-level data on type 2 diabetes are obtained from the DIAGRAM (DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis consortium) consortium (74,124 cases) and FinnGen study (33,043 cases). Data on 10 diabetic complications are obtained from FinnGen and corresponding studies. Among 1,886 proteins, genetically predicted levels of 47 plasma proteins are associated with type 2 diabetes. Eleven of these proteins have strong support of colocalization. Seventeen proteins are associated with at least one diabetic complication, although a few have colocalization support. HLA-DRA, AGER, HSPA1A, and HSPA1B are associated with most microvascular complications. This study reveals causal proteins for the onset of type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications, which enhances the understanding of molecular etiology and development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Fengzhe Xu
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Shanghai Digital Medicine Innovation Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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21
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Perelman RT, Schmidt A, Khan U, Walter NG. Spontaneous Confinement of mRNA Molecules at Biomolecular Condensate Boundaries. Cells 2023; 12:2250. [PMID: 37759470 PMCID: PMC10526803 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular biomolecular condensates, termed ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules, are often enriched in messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules relative to the surrounding cytoplasm. Yet, the spatial localization and diffusion of mRNAs in close proximity to phase separated RNP granules are not well understood. In this study, we performed single-molecule fluorescence imaging experiments of mRNAs in live cells in the presence of two types of RNP granules, stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs), which are distinct in their molecular composition and function. We developed a photobleaching- and noise-corrected colocalization imaging algorithm that was employed to determine the accurate positions of individual mRNAs relative to the granule's boundaries. We found that mRNAs are often localized at granule boundaries, an observation consistent with recently published data. We suggest that mRNA molecules become spontaneously confined at the RNP granule boundary similar to the adsorption of polymer molecules at liquid-liquid interfaces, which is observed in various technological and biological processes. We also suggest that this confinement could be due to a combination of intermolecular interactions associated with, first, the screening of a portion of the RNP granule interface by the polymer and, second, electrostatic interactions due to a strong electric field induced by a Donnan potential generated across the thin interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca T. Perelman
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.T.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.T.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Umar Khan
- Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Nils G. Walter
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.T.P.); (A.S.)
- Center for RNA Biomedicine, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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22
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Aoki M, Jin ZW, Ueda K, Kamimura G, Takeda-Harada A, Murakami G, Sato M. Localization of macrophages and dendritic cells in human thoracic lymph nodes: An immunohistochemical study using surgically obtained specimens. J Anat 2023; 243:504-516. [PMID: 37024113 PMCID: PMC10439373 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Both dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are bone marrow-derived cells that perform antigen presentation. The distribution of DCs and CD68-positive macrophages were immunohistochemically examined in 103 thoracic nodes obtained from 23 lung cancer patients (50-84 years old) without metastasis. Among three antibodies tested initially-CD209/DCsign, fascin, and CD83-DCsign was chosen as the DC marker. For comparison, 137 nodes from 12 patients with cancer metastasis were also examined histologically. In patients without metastasis, DCs were found as (1) clusters along the subcapsular sinus and in a border area between the medullary sinus and cortex (mean sectional area of multiple nodes at one site, 8.4%) and, (2) rosette-like structures in the cortex (mean number in multiple nodes at one site, 20.5). Notably, DC clusters and rosettes contained no or few macrophages and were surrounded by smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive, endothelium-like cells. The subcapsular linear cluster corresponded to 5%-85% (mean, 34.0%) of the nodal circumferential length and was shorter in older patients (p = 0.009). DC rosettes, solitary, or communicating with a cluster, were usually connected to a paracortical lymph sinus. Few differences were found between nodes with or without metastasis, but DC cluster sometimes contained abundant macrophages in cancer metastasis patients. The subcapsular DC cluster is not known in the rodent model, in which the subcapsular sinus is filled with macrophages. This quite different, even complementary, distribution suggests no, or less, cooperation between DCs and macrophages in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Aoki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Zhe-Wu Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kazuhiro Ueda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Go Kamimura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Aya Takeda-Harada
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Sato
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan
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23
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Gregga I, Pharoah PDP, Gayther SA, Manichaikul A, Im HK, Kar SP, Schildkraut JM, Wheeler HE. Predicted Proteome Association Studies of Breast, Prostate, Ovarian, and Endometrial Cancers Implicate Plasma Protein Regulation in Cancer Susceptibility. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1198-1207. [PMID: 37409955 PMCID: PMC10528410 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predicting protein levels from genotypes for proteome-wide association studies (PWAS) may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying cancer susceptibility. METHODS We performed PWAS of breast, endometrial, ovarian, and prostate cancers and their subtypes in several large European-ancestry discovery consortia (effective sample size: 237,483 cases/317,006 controls) and tested the results for replication in an independent European-ancestry GWAS (31,969 cases/410,350 controls). We performed PWAS using the cancer GWAS summary statistics and two sets of plasma protein prediction models, followed by colocalization analysis. RESULTS Using Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) models, we identified 93 protein-cancer associations [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05]. We then performed a meta-analysis of the discovery and replication PWAS, resulting in 61 significant protein-cancer associations (FDR < 0.05). Ten of 15 protein-cancer pairs that could be tested using Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) protein prediction models replicated with the same directions of effect in both cancer GWAS (P < 0.05). To further support our results, we applied Bayesian colocalization analysis and found colocalized SNPs for SERPINA3 protein levels and prostate cancer (posterior probability, PP = 0.65) and SNUPN protein levels and breast cancer (PP = 0.62). CONCLUSIONS We used PWAS to identify potential biomarkers of hormone-related cancer risk. SNPs in SERPINA3 and SNUPN did not reach genome-wide significance for cancer in the original GWAS, highlighting the power of PWAS for novel locus discovery, with the added advantage of providing directions of protein effect. IMPACT PWAS and colocalization are promising methods to identify potential molecular mechanisms underlying complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Gregga
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul D. P. Pharoah
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simon A. Gayther
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hae Kyung Im
- Section of Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Siddhartha P. Kar
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joellen M. Schildkraut
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Heather E. Wheeler
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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24
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Jiang X, Boutin T, Vitart V. Colocalization of corneal resistance factor GWAS loci with GTEx e/sQTLs highlights plausible candidate causal genes for keratoconus postnatal corneal stroma weakening. Front Genet 2023; 14:1171217. [PMID: 37621707 PMCID: PMC10445647 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1171217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for corneal resistance factor (CRF) have identified 100s of loci and proved useful to uncover genetic determinants for keratoconus, a corneal ectasia of early-adulthood onset and common indication of corneal transplantation. In the current absence of studies to probe the impact of candidate causal variants in the cornea, we aimed to fill some of this knowledge gap by leveraging tissue-shared genetic effects. Methods: 181 CRF signals were examined for evidence of colocalization with genetic signals affecting steady-state gene transcription and splicing in adult, non-eye, tissues of the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Expression of candidate causal genes thus nominated was evaluated in single cell transcriptomes from adult cornea, limbus and conjunctiva. Fine-mapping and colocalization of CRF and keratoconus GWAS signals was also deployed to support their sharing causal variants. Results and discussion: 26.5% of CRF causal signals colocalized with GTEx v8 signals and nominated genes enriched in genes with high and specific expression in corneal stromal cells amongst tissues examined. Enrichment analyses carried out with nearest genes to all 181 CRF GWAS signals indicated that stromal cells of the limbus could be susceptible to signals that did not colocalize with GTEx's. These cells might not be well represented in GTEx and/or the genetic associations might have context specific effects. The causal signals shared with GTEx provide new insights into mediation of CRF genetic effects, including modulation of splicing events. Functionally relevant roles for several implicated genes' products in providing tensile strength, mechano-sensing and signaling make the corresponding genes and regulatory variants prime candidates to be validated and their roles and effects across tissues elucidated. Colocalization of CRF and keratoconus GWAS signals strengthened support for shared causal variants but also highlighted many ways into which likely true shared signals could be missed when using readily available GWAS summary statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Jiang
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thibaud Boutin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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25
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Jeong Y, Song J, Lee Y, Choi E, Won Y, Kim B, Jang W. A Transcriptome-Wide Analysis of Psoriasis: Identifying the Potential Causal Genes and Drug Candidates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11717. [PMID: 37511476 PMCID: PMC10380797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by cutaneous eruptions and pruritus. Because the genetic backgrounds of psoriasis are only partially revealed, an integrative and rigorous study is necessary. We conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) with the new Genotype-Tissue Expression version 8 reference panels, including some tissue and multi-tissue panels that were not used previously. We performed tissue-specific heritability analyses on genome-wide association study data to prioritize the tissue panels for TWAS analysis. TWAS and colocalization (COLOC) analyses were performed with eight tissues from the single-tissue panels and the multi-tissue panels of context-specific genetics (CONTENT) to increase tissue specificity and statistical power. From TWAS, we identified the significant associations of 101 genes in the single-tissue panels and 64 genes in the multi-tissue panels, of which 26 genes were replicated in the COLOC. Functional annotation and network analyses identified that the genes were associated with psoriasis and/or immune responses. We also suggested drug candidates that interact with jointly significant genes through a conditional and joint analysis. Together, our findings may contribute to revealing the underlying genetic mechanisms and provide new insights into treatments for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonbin Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseung Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngtae Won
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghyuk Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhee Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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26
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Jeong R, Bulyk ML. Blood cell traits' GWAS loci colocalization with variation in PU.1 genomic occupancy prioritizes causal noncoding regulatory variants. Cell Genom 2023; 3:100327. [PMID: 37492098 PMCID: PMC10363807 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have uncovered numerous trait-associated loci across the human genome, most of which are located in noncoding regions, making interpretation difficult. Moreover, causal variants are hard to statistically fine-map at many loci because of widespread linkage disequilibrium. To address this challenge, we present a strategy utilizing transcription factor (TF) binding quantitative trait loci (bQTLs) for colocalization analysis to identify trait associations likely mediated by TF occupancy variation and to pinpoint likely causal variants using motif scores. We applied this approach to PU.1 bQTLs in lymphoblastoid cell lines and blood cell trait GWAS data. Colocalization analysis revealed 69 blood cell trait GWAS loci putatively driven by PU.1 occupancy variation. We nominate PU.1 motif-altering variants as the likely shared causal variants at 51 loci. Such integration of TF bQTL data with other GWAS data may reveal transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and causal noncoding variants underlying additional complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raehoon Jeong
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics Graduate Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Martha L. Bulyk
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics Graduate Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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27
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Boutet G, Lavaud C, Lesné A, Miteul H, Pilet-Nayel ML, Andrivon D, Lejeune-Hénaut I, Baranger A. Five Regions of the Pea Genome Co-Control Partial Resistance to D. pinodes, Tolerance to Frost, and Some Architectural or Phenological Traits. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1399. [PMID: 37510304 PMCID: PMC10379203 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence for reciprocal links between plant responses to biotic or abiotic stresses and architectural and developmental traits has been raised using approaches based on epidemiology, physiology, or genetics. Winter pea has been selected for years for many agronomic traits contributing to yield, taking into account architectural or phenological traits such as height or flowering date. It remains nevertheless particularly susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses, among which Didymella pinodes and frost are leading examples. The purpose of this study was to identify and resize QTL localizations that control partial resistance to D. pinodes, tolerance to frost, and architectural or phenological traits on pea dense genetic maps, considering how QTL colocalizations may impact future winter pea breeding. QTL analysis revealed five metaQTLs distributed over three linkage groups contributing to both D. pinodes disease severity and frost tolerance. At these loci, the haplotypes of alleles increasing both partial resistance to D. pinodes and frost tolerance also delayed the flowering date, increased the number of branches, and/or decreased the stipule length. These results question both the underlying mechanisms of the joint control of biotic stress resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and plant architecture and phenology and the methods of marker-assisted selection optimizing stress control and productivity in winter pea breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Boutet
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - Clément Lavaud
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - Angélique Lesné
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - Henri Miteul
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | | | - Didier Andrivon
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - Isabelle Lejeune-Hénaut
- BioEcoAgro Joint Research Unit, INRAE, Université de Lille, Université de Liège, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80200 Estrées-Mons, France
| | - Alain Baranger
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35653 Le Rheu, France
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28
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Alvarado CX, Weller CA, Johnson N, Leonard HL, Singleton AB, Reed X, Blauewendraat C, Nalls M. Human brain single nucleus cell type enrichments in neurodegenerative diseases. medRxiv 2023:2023.06.30.23292084. [PMID: 37577689 PMCID: PMC10418576 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.30.23292084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Single cell RNA sequencing has opened a window into clarifying the complex underpinnings of disease, particularly in quantifying the relevance of tissue- and cell-type-specific gene expression. To identify the cell types and genes important to therapeutic target development across the neurodegenerative disease spectrum, we leveraged genome-wide association studies, recent single cell sequencing data, and bulk expression studies in a diverse series of brain region tissues. We were able to identify significant immune-related cell types in the brain across three major neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Parkinson's Diseases. Subsequently, we identified the major role of 30 fine-mapped loci implicating seven genes in multiple neurodegenerative diseases and their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea X. Alvarado
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cory A. Weller
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nicholas Johnson
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hampton L. Leonard
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrew B. Singleton
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xylena Reed
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cornelis Blauewendraat
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mike Nalls
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
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Fabo T, Khavari P. Functional characterization of human genomic variation linked to polygenic diseases. Trends Genet 2023; 39:462-490. [PMID: 36997428 PMCID: PMC11025698 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The burden of human disease lies predominantly in polygenic diseases. Since the early 2000s, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic variants and loci associated with complex traits. These have ranged from variants in coding sequences to mutations in regulatory regions, such as promoters and enhancers, as well as mutations affecting mediators of mRNA stability and other downstream regulators, such as 5' and 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), and miRNA. Recent research advances in genetics have utilized a combination of computational techniques, high-throughput in vitro and in vivo screening modalities, and precise genome editing to impute the function of diverse classes of genetic variants identified through GWAS. In this review, we highlight the vastness of genomic variants associated with polygenic disease risk and address recent advances in how genetic tools can be used to functionally characterize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Fabo
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Graduate Program in Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul Khavari
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Graduate Program in Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Liu X, Yuan J, Zhou H, Wang Y, Tian G, Liu X, Wang X, Tang M, Meng X, Kou C, Yang Q, Li J, Zhang L, Ji J, Zhang H. Association Between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Primary Hypothyroidism: Evidence from Complementary Genetic Methods. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:941-949. [PMID: 36263677 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and hypothyroidism often coexist in observational studies; however, the causal relationship between them remains controversial. METHODS Complementary genetic approaches, including genetic correlation, Mendelian randomization (MR), and colocalization analysis, were conducted to assess the potential causal association between SLE and primary hypothyroidism using summary statistics from large-scale genome-wide association studies. The association between SLE and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was further analyzed to help interpret the findings. In addition, findings were verified using a validation data set, as well as through different MR methods with different model assumptions. RESULTS The linkage disequilibrium score regression revealed a shared genetic structure between SLE and primary hypothyroidism, with the significant genetic correlation estimated to be 0.2488 (P = 6.00 × 10-4). MR analysis with the inverse variance weighted method demonstrated a bidirectional causal relationship between SLE and primary hypothyroidism. The odds ratio (OR) of SLE on primary hypothyroidism was 1.037 (95% CI, 1.013-1.061; P = 2.00 × 10-3) and that of primary hypothyroidism on SLE was 1.359 (95% CI, 1.217-1.520; P < 0.001). The OR of SLE on TSH was 1.007 (95% CI, 1.001-1.013; P = 0.032). However, TSH was not causally associated with SLE (P = 0.152). Similar results were found using different MR methods. In addition, colocalization analysis suggested that shared causal variants existed between SLE and primary hypothyroidism. The results of the validation analysis indicated a bidirectional causal relationship between SLE and primary hypothyroidism, as well as shared loci. CONCLUSION In summary, a bidirectional causal relationship between SLE and primary hypothyroidism was observed with complementary genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Huizhi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Yuyao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Guoyu Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Mulin Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Chunjia Kou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Juyi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Jiadong Ji
- Institute for Financial Studies, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021, China
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31
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Broadaway KA, Yin X, Williamson A, Parsons VA, Wilson EP, Moxley AH, Vadlamudi S, Varshney A, Jackson AU, Ahuja V, Bornstein SR, Corbin LJ, Delgado GE, Dwivedi OP, Fernandes Silva L, Frayling TM, Grallert H, Gustafsson S, Hakaste L, Hammar U, Herder C, Herrmann S, Højlund K, Hughes DA, Kleber ME, Lindgren CM, Liu CT, Luan J, Malmberg A, Moissl AP, Morris AP, Perakakis N, Peters A, Petrie JR, Roden M, Schwarz PEH, Sharma S, Silveira A, Strawbridge RJ, Tuomi T, Wood AR, Wu P, Zethelius B, Baldassarre D, Eriksson JG, Fall T, Florez JC, Fritsche A, Gigante B, Hamsten A, Kajantie E, Laakso M, Lahti J, Lawlor DA, Lind L, März W, Meigs JB, Sundström J, Timpson NJ, Wagner R, Walker M, Wareham NJ, Watkins H, Barroso I, O'Rahilly S, Grarup N, Parker SC, Boehnke M, Langenberg C, Wheeler E, Mohlke KL. Loci for insulin processing and secretion provide insight into type 2 diabetes risk. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:284-299. [PMID: 36693378 PMCID: PMC9943750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretion is critical for glucose homeostasis, and increased levels of the precursor proinsulin relative to insulin indicate pancreatic islet beta-cell stress and insufficient insulin secretory capacity in the setting of insulin resistance. We conducted meta-analyses of genome-wide association results for fasting proinsulin from 16 European-ancestry studies in 45,861 individuals. We found 36 independent signals at 30 loci (p value < 5 × 10-8), which validated 12 previously reported loci for proinsulin and ten additional loci previously identified for another glycemic trait. Half of the alleles associated with higher proinsulin showed higher rather than lower effects on glucose levels, corresponding to different mechanisms. Proinsulin loci included genes that affect prohormone convertases, beta-cell dysfunction, vesicle trafficking, beta-cell transcriptional regulation, and lysosomes/autophagy processes. We colocalized 11 proinsulin signals with islet expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data, suggesting candidate genes, including ARSG, WIPI1, SLC7A14, and SIX3. The NKX6-3/ANK1 proinsulin signal colocalized with a T2D signal and an adipose ANK1 eQTL signal but not the islet NKX6-3 eQTL. Signals were enriched for islet enhancers, and we showed a plausible islet regulatory mechanism for the lead signal in the MADD locus. These results show how detailed genetic studies of an intermediate phenotype can elucidate mechanisms that may predispose one to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Alaine Broadaway
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alice Williamson
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK; University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Victoria A Parsons
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Emma P Wilson
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anne H Moxley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Arushi Varshney
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vasudha Ahuja
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, MedicCal Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laura J Corbin
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Om P Dwivedi
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liisa Hakaste
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulf Hammar
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - David A Hughes
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, BW, Germany; SYNLAB MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim, Mannheim, BW, Germany
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anni Malmberg
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Angela P Moissl
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, BW, Germany
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nikolaos Perakakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, MedicCal Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - John R Petrie
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter E H Schwarz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sapna Sharma
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Angela Silveira
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center, Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Peitao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Björn Zethelius
- Department of Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Cardiovascular Prevention Area, Centro Cardiologico Monzino I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jose C Florez
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Winfried März
- Synlab Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, BW, Germany; Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, BW, Germany
| | - James B Meigs
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Robert Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mark Walker
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK; Health Data Research UK, Gibbs Building, London, UK
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research, Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen Cj Parker
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK; Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Okamoto J, Wang L, Yin X, Luca F, Pique-Regi R, Helms A, Im HK, Morrison J, Wen X. Probabilistic integration of transcriptome-wide association studies and colocalization analysis identifies key molecular pathways of complex traits. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:44-57. [PMID: 36608684 PMCID: PMC9892769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrative genetic association methods have shown great promise in post-GWAS (genome-wide association study) analyses, in which one of the most challenging tasks is identifying putative causal genes and uncovering molecular mechanisms of complex traits. Recent studies suggest that prevailing computational approaches, including transcriptome-wide association studies (TWASs) and colocalization analysis, are individually imperfect, but their joint usage can yield robust and powerful inference results. This paper presents INTACT, a computational framework to integrate probabilistic evidence from these distinct types of analyses and implicate putative causal genes. This procedure is flexible and can work with a wide range of existing integrative analysis approaches. It has the unique ability to quantify the uncertainty of implicated genes, enabling rigorous control of false-positive discoveries. Taking advantage of this highly desirable feature, we further propose an efficient algorithm, INTACT-GSE, for gene set enrichment analysis based on the integrated probabilistic evidence. We examine the proposed computational methods and illustrate their improved performance over the existing approaches through simulation studies. We apply the proposed methods to analyze the multi-tissue eQTL data from the GTEx project and eight large-scale complex- and molecular-trait GWAS datasets from multiple consortia and the UK Biobank. Overall, we find that the proposed methods markedly improve the existing putative gene implication methods and are particularly advantageous in evaluating and identifying key gene sets and biological pathways underlying complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Okamoto
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Lijia Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Francesca Luca
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Adam Helms
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hae Kyung Im
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jean Morrison
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoquan Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Boahen CK, Oelen R, Le K, Netea MG, Franke L, van der Wijst MGP, Kumar V. Integration of Candida albicans-induced single-cell gene expression data and secretory protein concentrations reveal genetic regulators of inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1069379. [PMID: 36865558 PMCID: PMC9972217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1069379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Both gene expression and protein concentrations are regulated by genetic variants. Exploring the regulation of both eQTLs and pQTLs simultaneously in a context- and cell-type dependent manner may help to unravel mechanistic basis for genetic regulation of pQTLs. Here, we performed meta-analysis of Candida albicans-induced pQTLs from two population-based cohorts and intersected the results with Candida-induced cell-type specific expression association data (eQTL). This revealed systematic differences between the pQTLs and eQTL, where only 35% of the pQTLs significantly correlated with mRNA expressions at single cell level, indicating the limitation of eQTLs use as a proxy for pQTLs. By taking advantage of the tightly co-regulated pattern of the proteins, we also identified SNPs affecting protein network upon Candida stimulations. Colocalization of pQTLs and eQTLs signals implicated several genomic loci including MMP-1 and AMZ1. Analysis of Candida-induced single cell gene expression data implicated specific cell types that exhibit significant expression QTLs upon stimulation. By highlighting the role of trans-regulatory networks in determining the abundance of secretory proteins, our study serve as a framework to gain insights into the mechanisms of genetic regulation of protein levels in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins K Boahen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Roy Oelen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Kieu Le
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department for Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Monique G P van der Wijst
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
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Connally NJ, Nazeen S, Lee D, Shi H, Stamatoyannopoulos J, Chun S, Cotsapas C, Cassa CA, Sunyaev SR. The missing link between genetic association and regulatory function. eLife 2022; 11:74970. [PMID: 36515579 PMCID: PMC9842386 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis of most traits is highly polygenic and dominated by non-coding alleles. It is widely assumed that such alleles exert small regulatory effects on the expression of cis-linked genes. However, despite the availability of gene expression and epigenomic datasets, few variant-to-gene links have emerged. It is unclear whether these sparse results are due to limitations in available data and methods, or to deficiencies in the underlying assumed model. To better distinguish between these possibilities, we identified 220 gene-trait pairs in which protein-coding variants influence a complex trait or its Mendelian cognate. Despite the presence of expression quantitative trait loci near most GWAS associations, by applying a gene-based approach we found limited evidence that the baseline expression of trait-related genes explains GWAS associations, whether using colocalization methods (8% of genes implicated), transcription-wide association (2% of genes implicated), or a combination of regulatory annotations and distance (4% of genes implicated). These results contradict the hypothesis that most complex trait-associated variants coincide with homeostatic expression QTLs, suggesting that better models are needed. The field must confront this deficit and pursue this 'missing regulation.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah J Connally
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Sumaiya Nazeen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Huwenbo Shi
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | | | - Sung Chun
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUnited States
| | - Chris Cotsapas
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Yale Medical SchoolNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Genetics, Yale Medical SchoolNew HavenUnited States
| | - Christopher A Cassa
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Shamil R Sunyaev
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
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Rasooly D, Peloso GM, Giambartolomei C. Bayesian Genetic Colocalization Test of Two Traits Using coloc. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e627. [PMID: 36515558 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetic colocalization is an approach for determining whether a genetic variant at a particular locus is shared across multiple phenotypes. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully mapped genetic variants associated with thousands of complex traits and diseases. However, a large proportion of GWAS signals fall in non-coding regions of the genome, making functional interpretation a challenge. Colocalization relies on a Bayesian framework that can integrate summary statistics, for example those derived from GWAS and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping, to assess whether two or more independent association signals at a region of interest are consistent with a shared causal variant. The results from a colocalization analysis may be used to evaluate putative causal relationships between omics-based molecular measurements and a complex disease, and can generate hypotheses that may be followed up by tailored experiments. In this article, we present an easy and straightforward protocol for conducting a Bayesian test for colocalization of two traits using the 'coloc' package in R with summary-level results derived from GWAS and eQTL studies. We also provide general guidelines that can assist in the interpretation of findings generated from colocalization analyses. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Performing a genetic colocalization analysis using the 'coloc' package in R and summary-level data Support Protocol: Installing the 'coloc' R package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Rasooly
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Claudia Giambartolomei
- Non-Coding RNAs and RNA-Based Therapeutics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, Genova, Italy
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Stellmach H, Hose R, Räde A, Marillonnet S, Hause B. A New Set of Golden-Gate-Based Organelle Marker Plasmids for Colocalization Studies in Plants. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2620. [PMID: 36235483 PMCID: PMC9572143 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In vivo localization of proteins using fluorescence-based approaches by fusion of the protein of interest (POI) to a fluorescent protein is a cost- and time-effective tool to gain insights into its physiological function in a plant cell. Determining the proper localization, however, requires the co-expression of defined organelle markers (OM). Several marker sets are available but, so far, the procedure requires successful co-transformation of POI and OM into the same cell and/or several cloning steps. We developed a set of vectors containing markers for basic cell organelles that enables the insertion of the gene of interest (GOI) by a single cloning step using the Golden Gate cloning approach and resulting in POI-GFP fusions. The set includes markers for plasma membrane, tonoplast, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, plastids, and mitochondria, all labelled with mCherry. Most of them were derived from well-established marker sets, but those localized in plasma membrane and tonoplast were improved by using different proteins. The final vectors are usable for localization studies in isolated protoplasts and for transient transformation of leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana. Their functionality is demonstrated using two enzymes involved in biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and located in either plastids or peroxisomes.
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Höfle U, Cardona Cabrera T, Sánchez‐Cano A, Fernández de Mera IG, Risalde MA, Moraga‐Fernández A, Ortiz JA. Bagaza virus and Plasmodium spp. coinfection in red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa), in Southern Spain 2019. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e3393-e3399. [PMID: 35810476 PMCID: PMC9796336 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses such as West Nile (WNV), Usutu (USUV) and Bagaza (BAGV) virus and avian malaria parasites are vector borne pathogens that circulate naturally between avian and mosquito hosts. WNV and USUV and potentially also BAGV constitute zoonoses. Temporal and spatial cocirculation and coinfection with Plasmodium spp., and West Nile virus has been documented in birds and mosquito vectors, and fatally USUV-infected passerines coinfected with Plasmodium spp. had more severe lesions. Also, WNV, USUV and BAGV have been found to cocirculate. Yet little is known about the interaction of BAGV and malaria parasites during consecutive or coinfections of avian hosts. Here we report mortality of free-living red-legged partridges in a hunting estate in Southern Spain that were coinfected with BAGV and Plasmodium spp. The outbreak occurred in the area where BAGV first emerged in Europe in 2010 and where cocirculation of BAGV, USUV and WNV was confirmed in 2011 and 2013. Partridges were found dead in early October 2019. Birds had mottled locally pale pectoral muscles, enlarged, congestive greenish-black tinged livers and enlarged kidneys. Microscopically congestion and predominantly mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates were evident and Plasmodium phanerozoites were present in the liver, spleen, kidneys, muscle and skin. Molecular testing and sequencing detected Plasmodium spp. and BAGV in different tissues of the partridges, and immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence and colocalization of both pathogens in the liver and spleen. Due to the importance of the red-legged partridge in the ecosystem of the Iberian Peninsula and as driver of regional economy such mortalities are of concern. Such outbreaks may reflect climate change related shifts in host, vector and pathogen ecology and interactions that could emerge similarly for other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Höfle
- Health and Biotechnology (SaBio) Research GroupNational Wildlife Research InstituteInstituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC‐UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Teresa Cardona Cabrera
- Health and Biotechnology (SaBio) Research GroupNational Wildlife Research InstituteInstituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC‐UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Alberto Sánchez‐Cano
- Health and Biotechnology (SaBio) Research GroupNational Wildlife Research InstituteInstituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC‐UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
| | - Isabel G. Fernández de Mera
- Health and Biotechnology (SaBio) Research GroupNational Wildlife Research InstituteInstituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC‐UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
| | - María A. Risalde
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y ToxicologíaGrupo GISAZ, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEMUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain,Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica y ZoonosisInstituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)Hospital Reina SofíaUniversidad de Córdoba (UCO)CórdobaSpain,CIBERINFEC, ISCIII ‐ CIBER de Enfermedades InfecciosasInstituto de Salud Carlos III, MajadahondaMadridSpain
| | - Alberto Moraga‐Fernández
- Health and Biotechnology (SaBio) Research GroupNational Wildlife Research InstituteInstituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC‐UCLM)Ciudad RealSpain
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Bean BDM, Whiteway M, Martin VJJ. The MyLO CRISPR-Cas9 toolkit: a markerless yeast localization and overexpression CRISPR-Cas9 toolkit. G3 (Bethesda) 2022; 12:jkac154. [PMID: 35708612 PMCID: PMC9339301 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The genetic tractability of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has made it a key model organism for basic research and a target for metabolic engineering. To streamline the introduction of tagged genes and compartmental markers with powerful Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) - CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-based genome editing tools, we constructed a Markerless Yeast Localization and Overexpression (MyLO) CRISPR-Cas9 toolkit with 3 components: (1) a set of optimized Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9-guide RNA expression vectors with 5 selectable markers and the option to either preclone or cotransform the gRNAs; (2) vectors for the one-step construction of integration cassettes expressing an untagged or green fluorescent protein/red fluorescent protein/hemagglutinin-tagged gene of interest at one of 3 levels, supporting localization and overexpression studies; and (3) integration cassettes containing moderately expressed green fluorescent protein- or red fluorescent protein-tagged compartmental markers for colocalization experiments. These components allow rapid, high-efficiency genomic integrations and modifications with only transient selection for the Cas9 vector, resulting in markerless transformations. To demonstrate the ease of use, we applied our complete set of compartmental markers to colabel all target subcellular compartments with green fluorescent protein and red fluorescent protein. Thus, the MyLO toolkit packages CRISPR-Cas9 technology into a flexible, optimized bundle that allows the stable genomic integration of DNA with the ease of use approaching that of transforming plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn D M Bean
- Department of Biology, Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC H4B1R6, Canada
| | - Malcolm Whiteway
- Department of Biology, Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC H4B1R6, Canada
| | - Vincent J J Martin
- Department of Biology, Centre for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC H4B1R6, Canada
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Abstract
Colocalization of cascade enzymes is broadly discussed as a phenomenon that can boost the cascade reaction throughput, although a direct experimental verification is often challenging. This is mainly due to difficulties in establishing proper size regimes and in the analytical quantification of colocalization effect with adequate experimental systems and simulations. In this study, by taking advantage of reversible DNA-directed colocalization of enzymes on microspheres, we established a cascade system that can be used to directly evaluate the colocalization effect with exactly the same experimental settings except for the state of enzyme dispersion. In the regime of highly dilute microspheres of particular sizes, the colocalized cascade shows enhanced activity compared with the freely diffusing cascade, as evidenced by a shortened lag phase in the time-course production. Reaction-diffusion modeling reveals that the enhancement can be ascribed to the initial accumulation of intermediate substrate around the colocalized enzymes and is found to be carrier-size-dependent. This work demonstrates the dependence of the colocalization effect of enzyme cascades on an interplay of nano- and microscales, lending theoretical support to the rational design of highly efficient multienzyme catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Stanislav Tsitkov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Henry Hess
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Oleg Gang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Yifei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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40
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Cridge H, Lim SY, Algül H, Steiner JM. New insights into the etiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis of pancreatitis in dogs: Potential impacts on clinical practice. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:847-864. [PMID: 35546513 PMCID: PMC9151489 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While most cases of pancreatitis in dogs are thought to be idiopathic, potential risk factors are identified. In this article we provide a state‐of‐the‐art overview of suspected risk factors for pancreatitis in dogs, allowing for improved awareness and detection of potential dog‐specific risk factors, which might guide the development of disease prevention strategies. Additionally, we review important advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of pancreatitis and potential areas for therapeutic manipulation based thereof. The outcome of pathophysiologic mechanisms and the development of clinical disease is dependent on the balance between stressors and protective mechanisms, which can be evaluated using the critical threshold theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Cridge
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Sue Yee Lim
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA
| | - Hana Algül
- Gastrointestinal Cancer and Inflammatory Research Laboratory, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA
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41
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Hukku A, Sampson MG, Luca F, Pique-Regi R, Wen X. Analyzing and reconciling colocalization and transcriptome-wide association studies from the perspective of inferential reproducibility. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:825-837. [PMID: 35523146 PMCID: PMC9118134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome-wide association studies and colocalization analysis are popular computational approaches for integrating genetic-association data from molecular and complex traits. They show the unique ability to go beyond variant-level genetic-association evidence and implicate critical functional units, e.g., genes, in disease etiology. However, in practice, when the two approaches are applied to the same molecular and complex-trait data, the inference results can be markedly different. This paper systematically investigates the inferential reproducibility between the two approaches through theoretical derivation, numerical experiments, and analyses of four complex trait GWAS and GTEx eQTL data. We identify two classes of inconsistent inference results. We find that the first class of inconsistent results (i.e., genes with strong colocalization but weak transcriptome-wide association study [TWAS] signals) might suggest an interesting biological phenomenon, i.e., horizontal pleiotropy; thus, the two approaches are truly complementary. The inconsistency in the second class (i.e., genes with weak colocalization but strong TWAS signals) can be understood and effectively reconciled. To this end, we propose a computational approach for locus-level colocalization analysis. We demonstrate that the joint TWAS and locus-level colocalization analysis improves specificity and sensitivity for implicating biologically relevant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Hukku
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Matthew G Sampson
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Francesca Luca
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xiaoquan Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Argueta J, Solís-Chagoyán H, Estrada-Reyes R, Constantino-Jonapa LA, Oikawa-Sala J, Velázquez-Moctezuma J, Benítez-King G. Further Evidence of the Melatonin Calmodulin Interaction: Effect on CaMKII Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2479. [PMID: 35269623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) is a pleiotropic indolamine that reaches multiple intracellular targets. Among these, MEL binds to calmodulin (CaM) with high affinity. In presence of Ca2+, CaM binds to CaM-dependent kinase II (CaMKII). The Ca2+-CaM/CaMKII pathway regulates a myriad of brain functions in different cellular compartments. Evidence showing the regulation of this cellular pathway by MEL is scarce. Thus, our main objective was to study the interaction of MEL with CaM and its effects on CaMKII activity in two microenvironments (aqueous and lipidic) naturally occurring within the cell. In addition, colocalization of MEL with CaM in vivo was explored in mice brain hippocampus. In vitro CaM-MEL interaction and the structural conformations of CaM in the presence of this indoleamine were assessed through electrophoretic mobility and isoelectric point. The functional consequence of this interaction was evaluated by measuring CaMKII activity. Ca2+-CaM-MEL increased the activity of CaMKII in aqueous buffer but reduced the kinase activity in lipid buffer. Importantly, MEL colocalizes in vivo with Ca2+-CaM in the hippocampus. Our evidence suggests that MEL regulates the key cellular Ca2+-CaM/CaMKII pathway and might explain why physiological MEL concentrations reduce CaMKII activity in some experimental conditions, while in others it drives biological processes through activation of this kinase.
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Arvanitis M, Tayeb K, Strober BJ, Battle A. Redefining tissue specificity of genetic regulation of gene expression in the presence of allelic heterogeneity. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:223-239. [PMID: 35085493 PMCID: PMC8874223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the functional impact of genetic variation on gene expression is important in understanding tissue biology and the pathogenesis of complex traits. Despite large efforts to map expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) across many human tissues, our ability to translate those findings to understanding human disease has been incomplete, and the majority of disease loci are not explained by association with expression of a target gene. Cell-type specificity and the presence of multiple independent causal variants for many eQTLs are potential confounders contributing to the apparent discrepancy with disease loci. In this study, we investigate the tissue specificity of genetic effects on gene expression and the overlap with disease loci while considering the presence of multiple causal variants within and across tissues. We find evidence of pervasive tissue specificity of eQTLs, often masked by linkage disequilibrium that misleads traditional meta-analytic approaches. We propose CAFEH (colocalization and fine-mapping in the presence of allelic heterogeneity), a Bayesian method that integrates genetic association data across multiple traits, incorporating linkage disequilibrium to identify causal variants. CAFEH outperforms previous approaches in colocalization and fine-mapping. Using CAFEH, we show that genes with highly tissue-specific genetic effects are under greater selection, enriched in differentiation and developmental processes, and more likely to be involved in human disease. Last, we demonstrate that CAFEH can efficiently leverage the widespread allelic heterogeneity in genetic regulation of gene expression to prioritize the target tissue in genome-wide association complex trait loci, thereby improving our ability to interpret complex trait genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Arvanitis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Karl Tayeb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
| | - Benjamin J Strober
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
| | - Alexis Battle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA; Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Wang F, Panjwani N, Wang C, Sun L, Strug LJ. A flexible summary statistics-based colocalization method with application to the mucin cystic fibrosis lung disease modifier locus. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:253-269. [PMID: 35065708 PMCID: PMC8874229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus obstruction is a central feature in the cystic fibrosis (CF) airways. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of lung disease by the CF Gene Modifier Consortium (CFGMC) identified a significant locus containing two mucin genes, MUC20 and MUC4. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis using human nasal epithelia (HNE) from 94 CF-affected Canadians in the CFGMC demonstrated MUC4 eQTLs that mirrored the lung association pattern in the region, suggesting that MUC4 expression may mediate CF lung disease. Complications arose, however, with colocalization testing using existing methods: the locus is complex and the associated SNPs span a 0.2 Mb region with high linkage disequilibrium (LD) and evidence of allelic heterogeneity. We previously developed the Simple Sum (SS), a powerful colocalization test in regions with allelic heterogeneity, but SS assumed eQTLs to be present to achieve type I error control. Here we propose a two-stage SS (SS2) colocalization test that avoids a priori eQTL assumptions, accounts for multiple hypothesis testing and the composite null hypothesis, and enables meta-analysis. We compare SS2 to published approaches through simulation and demonstrate type I error control for all settings with the greatest power in the presence of high LD and allelic heterogeneity. Applying SS2 to the MUC20/MUC4 CF lung disease locus with eQTLs from CF HNE revealed significant colocalization with MUC4 (p = 1.31 × 10−5) rather than with MUC20. The SS2 is a powerful method to inform the responsible gene(s) at a locus and guide future functional studies. SS2 has been implemented in the application LocusFocus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z5, Canada; Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Naim Panjwani
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Cheng Wang
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z5, Canada; Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada.
| | - Lisa J Strug
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z5, Canada; Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada; The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
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45
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Heil HS, Aigner M, Maier S, Gupta P, Evers LMC, Göb V, Kusch C, Meub M, Nieswandt B, Stegner D, Heinze KG. Mapping densely packed αIIbβ3 receptors in murine blood platelets with expansion microscopy. Platelets 2022; 33:849-858. [PMID: 35109754 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.2023735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Interrogating platelets and their densely packed, highly abundant receptor landscape is key to understand platelet clotting, a process that can save lives when stopping blood loss after an injury, but also kill when causing heart attack, stroke, or pulmonary embolism. The underlying key receptor distributions and interactions, in particular the relevance of integrin clustering, are not fully understood is because of highly abundant and densely distributed αIIbβ3 receptors. This makes receptor distributions difficult to assess even by super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. Here, we combine dual-color expansion and confocal microscopy with colocalization analysis to assess platelet receptor organization without the need of a super-resolution microscope. We show that 4x expansion is highly straight-forward for super-resolution microscopy of platelets, while 10x expansion provides higher precision at the price of increased efforts in sample preparation and imaging. Quantifying various receptor colocalization scenarios we demonstrate that expansion microscopy can pinpoint receptor distributions and interactions in resting and activated platelets being superior to conventional methods that fail in such dense 3D scenarios with highly abundant receptors. We reveal the presence of αIIbβ3 clusters in resting platelets, as well as in activated platelets, indicating that they contribute to the rapid platelet response during platelet clotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Heil
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Max Aigner
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Maier
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Prateek Gupta
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Luise M C Evers
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Göb
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charly Kusch
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mara Meub
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Stegner
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin G Heinze
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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46
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Fourriere L, Cho EHJ, Gleeson PA. Segregation of the membrane cargoes, BACE1 and amyloid precursor protein (APP) throughout the Golgi apparatus. Traffic 2022; 23:158-173. [PMID: 35076977 PMCID: PMC9303681 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular trafficking of β‐site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme (BACE1) and APP regulates amyloid‐β production. Our previous work demonstrated that newly synthesized BACE1 and APP are segregated into distinct trafficking pathways from the trans‐Golgi network (TGN), and that alterations in their trafficking lead to an increase in Aβ production in non‐neuronal and neuronal cells. However, it is not known whether BACE1 and APP are transported through the Golgi stacks together and sorted at the TGN or segregated prior to arrival at the TGN. To address this question, we have used high‐resolution Airyscan technology followed by Huygens deconvolution to quantify the overlap of BACE1 and APP in Golgi subcompartments in HeLa cells and primary neurons. Here, we show that APP and BACE1 are segregated, on exit from the endoplasmic reticulum and in the cis‐Golgi and throughout the Golgi stack. In contrast, the transferrin receptor, which exits the TGN in AP‐1 mediated transport carriers as for BACE1, colocalizes with BACE1, but not APP, throughout the Golgi stack. The segregation of APP and BACE1 is independent of the Golgi ribbon structure and the cytoplasmic domain of the cargo. Overall, our findings reveal the segregation of different membrane cargoes early in the secretory pathway, a finding relevant to the regulation of APP processing events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Fourriere
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ellie Hyun-Jung Cho
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Biological Optical Microscopy Platform, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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47
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Perry BI, Bowker N, Burgess S, Wareham NJ, Upthegrove R, Jones PB, Langenberg C, Khandaker GM. Evidence for Shared Genetic Aetiology Between Schizophrenia, Cardiometabolic, and Inflammation-Related Traits: Genetic Correlation and Colocalization Analyses. Schizophr Bull Open 2022; 3:sgac001. [PMID: 35156041 PMCID: PMC8827407 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia commonly co-occurs with cardiometabolic and inflammation-related traits. It is unclear to what extent the comorbidity could be explained by shared genetic aetiology. METHODS We used GWAS data to estimate shared genetic aetiology between schizophrenia, cardiometabolic, and inflammation-related traits: fasting insulin (FI), fasting glucose, glycated haemoglobin, glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), lipids, body mass index (BMI), coronary artery disease (CAD), and C-reactive protein (CRP). We examined genome-wide correlation using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC); stratified by minor-allele frequency using genetic covariance analyzer (GNOVA); then refined to locus-level using heritability estimation from summary statistics (ρ-HESS). Regions with local correlation were used in hypothesis prioritization multi-trait colocalization to examine for colocalisation, implying common genetic aetiology. RESULTS We found evidence for weak genome-wide negative correlation of schizophrenia with T2D (rg = -0.07; 95% C.I., -0.03,0.12; P = .002) and BMI (rg = -0.09; 95% C.I., -0.06, -0.12; P = 1.83 × 10-5). We found a trend of evidence for positive genetic correlation between schizophrenia and cardiometabolic traits confined to lower-frequency variants. This was underpinned by 85 regions of locus-level correlation with evidence of opposing mechanisms. Ten loci showed strong evidence of colocalization. Four of those (rs6265 (BDNF); rs8192675 (SLC2A2); rs3800229 (FOXO3); rs17514846 (FURIN)) are implicated in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-related pathways. CONCLUSIONS LDSC may lead to downwardly-biased genetic correlation estimates between schizophrenia, cardiometabolic, and inflammation-related traits. Common genetic aetiology for these traits could be confined to lower-frequency common variants and involve opposing mechanisms. Genes related to BDNF and glucose transport amongst others may partly explain the comorbidity between schizophrenia and cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin I Perry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK; tel: +441223 336963, e-mail:
| | - Nicholas Bowker
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Golam M Khandaker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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48
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Natri HM, Hudjashov G, Jacobs G, Kusuma P, Saag L, Darusallam CC, Metspalu M, Sudoyo H, Cox MP, Gallego Romero I, Banovich NE. Genetic architecture of gene regulation in Indonesian populations identifies QTLs associated with global and local ancestries. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:50-65. [PMID: 34919805 PMCID: PMC8764200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of diversity in human genomics limits our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of complex traits, hinders precision medicine, and contributes to health disparities. To map genetic effects on gene regulation in the underrepresented Indonesian population, we have integrated genotype, gene expression, and CpG methylation data from 115 participants across three island populations that capture the major sources of genomic diversity in the region. In a comparison with European datasets, we identify eQTLs shared between Indonesia and Europe as well as population-specific eQTLs that exhibit differences in allele frequencies and/or overall expression levels between populations. By combining local ancestry and archaic introgression inference with eQTLs and methylQTLs, we identify regulatory loci driven by modern Papuan ancestry as well as introgressed Denisovan and Neanderthal variation. GWAS colocalization connects QTLs detected here to hematological traits, and further comparison with European datasets reflects the poor overall transferability of GWAS statistics across diverse populations. Our findings illustrate how population-specific genetic architecture, local ancestry, and archaic introgression drive variation in gene regulation across genetically distinct and in admixed populations and highlight the need for performing association studies on non-European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heini M Natri
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Georgi Hudjashov
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; Centre for Genomics, Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Guy Jacobs
- Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK; Complexity Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637460
| | - Pradiptajati Kusuma
- Complexity Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637460; Laboratory of Genome Diversity and Disease, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Lauri Saag
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Chelzie Crenna Darusallam
- Laboratory of Genome Diversity and Disease, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Mait Metspalu
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Herawati Sudoyo
- Laboratory of Genome Diversity and Disease, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Murray P Cox
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Irene Gallego Romero
- Centre for Genomics, Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia; Melbourne Integrative Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Centre for Stem Cell Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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49
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Brotman SM, Raulerson CK, Vadlamudi S, Currin KW, Shen Q, Parsons VA, Iyengar AK, Roman TS, Furey TS, Kuusisto J, Collins FS, Boehnke M, Laakso M, Pajukanta P, Mohlke KL. Subcutaneous adipose tissue splice quantitative trait loci reveal differences in isoform usage associated with cardiometabolic traits. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:66-80. [PMID: 34995504 PMCID: PMC8764203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternate splicing events can create isoforms that alter gene function, and genetic variants associated with alternate gene isoforms may reveal molecular mechanisms of disease. We used subcutaneous adipose tissue of 426 Finnish men from the METSIM study and identified splice junction quantitative trait loci (sQTLs) for 6,077 splice junctions (FDR < 1%). In the same individuals, we detected expression QTLs (eQTLs) for 59,443 exons and 15,397 genes (FDR < 1%). We identified 595 genes with an sQTL and exon eQTL but no gene eQTL, which could indicate potential isoform differences. Of the significant sQTL signals, 2,114 (39.8%) included at least one proxy variant (linkage disequilibrium r2 > 0.8) located within an intron spanned by the splice junction. We identified 203 sQTLs that colocalized with 141 genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals for cardiometabolic traits, including 25 signals for lipid traits, 24 signals for body mass index (BMI), and 12 signals for waist-hip ratio adjusted for BMI. Among all 141 GWAS signals colocalized with an sQTL, we detected 26 that also colocalized with an exon eQTL for an exon skipped by the sQTL splice junction. At a GWAS signal for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol colocalized with an NR1H3 sQTL splice junction, we show that the alternative splice product encodes an NR1H3 transcription factor that lacks a DNA binding domain and fails to activate transcription. Together, these results detect splicing events and candidate mechanisms that may contribute to gene function at GWAS loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Brotman
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chelsea K Raulerson
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Kevin W Currin
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Qiujin Shen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Victoria A Parsons
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Apoorva K Iyengar
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tamara S Roman
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Terrence S Furey
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Francis S Collins
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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50
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Ghasemi S, Becker T, Grabe HJ, Teumer A. Discovery of novel eGFR-associated multiple independent signals using a quasi-adaptive method. Front Genet 2022; 13:997302. [PMID: 36386835 PMCID: PMC9660290 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.997302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) leading to chronic kidney disease is a significant public health problem. Kidney function is a heritable trait, and recent application of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) successfully identified multiple eGFR-associated genetic loci. To increase statistical power for detecting independent associations in GWAS loci, we improved our recently developed quasi-adaptive method estimating SNP-specific alpha levels for the conditional analysis, and applied it to the GWAS meta-analysis results of eGFR among 783,978 European-ancestry individuals. Among known eGFR loci, we revealed 19 new independent association signals that were subsequently replicated in the United Kingdom Biobank (n = 408,608). These associations have remained undetected by conditional analysis using the established conservative genome-wide significance level of 5 × 10-8. Functional characterization of known index SNPs and novel independent signals using colocalization of conditional eGFR association results and gene expression in cis across 51 human tissues identified two potentially causal genes across kidney tissues: TSPAN33 and TFDP2, and three candidate genes across other tissues: SLC22A2, LRP2, and CDKN1C. These colocalizations were not identified in the original GWAS. By applying our improved quasi-adaptive method, we successfully identified additional genetic variants associated with eGFR. Considering these signals in colocalization analyses can increase the precision of revealing potentially functional genes of GWAS loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ghasemi
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tim Becker
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases DZNE, Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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