1
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Wilson DM, Driedger DJ, Liu DY, Keerthisinghe S, Hermann A, Bieniossek C, Linington RG, Britton RA. Targeted sampling of natural product space to identify bioactive natural product-like polyketide macrolides. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2534. [PMID: 38514617 PMCID: PMC10958047 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyketide or polyketide-like macrolides (pMLs) continue to serve as a source of inspiration for drug discovery. However, their inherent structural and stereochemical complexity challenges efforts to explore related regions of chemical space more broadly. Here, we report a strategy termed the Targeted Sampling of Natural Product space (TSNaP) that is designed to identify and assess regions of chemical space bounded by this important class of molecules. Using TSNaP, a family of tetrahydrofuran-containing pMLs are computationally assembled from pML inspired building blocks to provide a large collection of natural product-like virtual pMLs. By scoring functional group and volumetric overlap against their natural counterparts, a collection of compounds are prioritized for targeted synthesis. Using a modular and stereoselective synthetic approach, a library of polyketide-like macrolides are prepared to sample these unpopulated regions of pML chemical space. Validation of this TSNaP approach by screening this library against a panel of whole-cell biological assays, reveals hit rates exceeding those typically encountered in small molecule libraries. This study suggests that the TSNaP approach may be more broadly useful for the design of improved chemical libraries for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl M Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Daniel J Driedger
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Dennis Y Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Sandra Keerthisinghe
- Center for High-Throughput Chemical Biology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Adrian Hermann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Bieniossek
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roger G Linington
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
- Center for High-Throughput Chemical Biology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Robert A Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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2
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Zhang R, Mahjour B, Outlaw A, McGrath A, Hopper T, Kelley B, Walters WP, Cernak T. Exploring the combinatorial explosion of amine-acid reaction space via graph editing. Commun Chem 2024; 7:22. [PMID: 38310120 PMCID: PMC10838272 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01101-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Amines and carboxylic acids are abundant chemical feedstocks that are nearly exclusively united via the amide coupling reaction. The disproportionate use of the amide coupling leaves a large section of unexplored reaction space between amines and acids: two of the most common chemical building blocks. Herein we conduct a thorough exploration of amine-acid reaction space via systematic enumeration of reactions involving a simple amine-carboxylic acid pair. This approach to chemical space exploration investigates the coarse and fine modulation of physicochemical properties and molecular shapes. With the invention of reaction methods becoming increasingly automated and bringing conceptual reactions into reality, our map provides an entirely new axis of chemical space exploration for rational property design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Babak Mahjour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Outlaw
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew McGrath
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tim Cernak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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3
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Gentry EC, Collins SL, Panitchpakdi M, Belda-Ferre P, Stewart AK, Carrillo Terrazas M, Lu HH, Zuffa S, Yan T, Avila-Pacheco J, Plichta DR, Aron AT, Wang M, Jarmusch AK, Hao F, Syrkin-Nikolau M, Vlamakis H, Ananthakrishnan AN, Boland BS, Hemperly A, Vande Casteele N, Gonzalez FJ, Clish CB, Xavier RJ, Chu H, Baker ES, Patterson AD, Knight R, Siegel D, Dorrestein PC. Reverse metabolomics for the discovery of chemical structures from humans. Nature 2024; 626:419-426. [PMID: 38052229 PMCID: PMC10849969 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Determining the structure and phenotypic context of molecules detected in untargeted metabolomics experiments remains challenging. Here we present reverse metabolomics as a discovery strategy, whereby tandem mass spectrometry spectra acquired from newly synthesized compounds are searched for in public metabolomics datasets to uncover phenotypic associations. To demonstrate the concept, we broadly synthesized and explored multiple classes of metabolites in humans, including N-acyl amides, fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids, bile acid esters and conjugated bile acids. Using repository-scale analysis1,2, we discovered that some conjugated bile acids are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Validation using four distinct human IBD cohorts showed that cholic acids conjugated to Glu, Ile/Leu, Phe, Thr, Trp or Tyr are increased in Crohn's disease. Several of these compounds and related structures affected pathways associated with IBD, such as interferon-γ production in CD4+ T cells3 and agonism of the pregnane X receptor4. Culture of bacteria belonging to the Bifidobacterium, Clostridium and Enterococcus genera produced these bile amidates. Because searching repositories with tandem mass spectrometry spectra has only recently become possible, this reverse metabolomics approach can now be used as a general strategy to discover other molecules from human and animal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Gentry
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Stephanie L Collins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Morgan Panitchpakdi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Belda-Ferre
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Allison K Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Hsueh-Han Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Simone Zuffa
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tingting Yan
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Allegra T Aron
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mingxun Wang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alan K Jarmusch
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Fuhua Hao
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mashette Syrkin-Nikolau
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hera Vlamakis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Brigid S Boland
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amy Hemperly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Niels Vande Casteele
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiutung Chu
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- CU-UCSD, Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccine Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Dionicio Siegel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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4
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Mayo Yanes E, Chakraborty S, Gershoni-Poranne R. COMPAS-2: a dataset of cata-condensed hetero-polycyclic aromatic systems. Sci Data 2024; 11:97. [PMID: 38242917 PMCID: PMC10799083 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-02927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic systems are highly important to numerous applications, in particular to organic electronics and optoelectronics. High-throughput screening and generative models that can help to identify new molecules to advance these technologies require large amounts of high-quality data, which is expensive to generate. In this report, we present the largest freely available dataset of geometries and properties of cata-condensed poly(hetero)cyclic aromatic molecules calculated to date. Our dataset contains ~500k molecules comprising 11 types of aromatic and antiaromatic building blocks calculated at the GFN1-xTB level and is representative of a highly diverse chemical space. We detail the structure enumeration process and the methods used to provide various electronic properties (including HOMO-LUMO gap, adiabatic ionization potential, and adiabatic electron affinity). Additionally, we benchmark against a ~50k dataset calculated at the CAM-B3LYP-D3BJ/def2-SVP level and develop a fitting scheme to correct the xTB values to higher accuracy. These new datasets represent the second installment in the COMputational database of Polycyclic Aromatic Systems (COMPAS) Project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mayo Yanes
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Sabyasachi Chakraborty
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
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5
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Wang Z, Shaabani S, Gao X, Ng YLD, Sapozhnikova V, Mertins P, Krönke J, Dömling A. Direct-to-biology, automated, nano-scale synthesis, and phenotypic screening-enabled E3 ligase modulator discovery. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8437. [PMID: 38114468 PMCID: PMC10730884 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalidomide and its analogs are molecular glues (MGs) that lead to targeted ubiquitination and degradation of key cancer proteins via the cereblon (CRBN) E3 ligase. Here, we develop a direct-to-biology (D2B) approach for accelerated discovery of MGs. In this platform, automated, high throughput, and nano scale synthesis of hundreds of pomalidomide-based MGs was combined with rapid phenotypic screening, enabling an unprecedented fast identification of potent CRBN-acting MGs. The small molecules were further validated by degradation profiling and anti-cancer activity. This revealed E14 as a potent MG degrader targeting IKZF1/3, GSPT1 and 2 with profound effects on a panel of cancer cells. In a more generalized view, integration of automated, nanoscale synthesis with phenotypic assays has the potential to accelerate MGs discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Wang
- University of Groningen, Department of Drug Design, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shabnam Shaabani
- University of Groningen, Department of Drug Design, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yuen Lam Dora Ng
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valeriia Sapozhnikova
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Krönke
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Alexander Dömling
- University of Groningen, Department of Drug Design, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palackӯ University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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6
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Tong G, Griffin S, Sader A, Crowell AB, Beavers K, Watson J, Buchan Z, Chen S, Shenvi RA. C5 methylation confers accessibility, stability and selectivity to picrotoxinin. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8308. [PMID: 38097583 PMCID: PMC10721898 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Minor changes to complex structures can exert major influences on synthesis strategy and functional properties. Here we explore two parallel series of picrotoxinin (PXN, 1) analogs and identify leads with selectivity between mammalian and insect ion channels. These are the first SAR studies of PXN despite its >100-year history and are made possible by advances in total synthesis. We observe a remarkable stabilizing effect of a C5 methyl, which completely blocks C15 alcoholysis via destabilization of an intermediate twist-boat conformer; suppression of this secondary hydrolysis pathway increases half-life in plasma. C5 methylation also decreases potency against vertebrate ion channels (γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors) but maintains or increases antagonism of homologous invertebrate GABA-gated chloride channels (resistance to dieldrin (RDL) receptors). Optimal 5MePXN analogs appear to change the PXN binding pose within GABAARs by disruption of a hydrogen bond network. These discoveries were made possible by the lower synthetic burden of 5MePXN (2) and were illuminated by the parallel analog series, which allowed characterization of the role of the synthetically simplifying C5 methyl in channel selectivity. These are the first SAR studies to identify changes to PXN that increase the GABAA-RDL selectivity index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghu Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Samantha Griffin
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, USA
| | - Avery Sader
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, USA
| | - Anna B Crowell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, Ohio, 44074, USA
| | - Ken Beavers
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, USA
| | - Jerry Watson
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, USA
| | - Zachary Buchan
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46268, USA
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, Ohio, 44074, USA.
| | - Ryan A Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.
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7
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Hudson L, Mason JW, Westphal MV, Richter MJR, Thielman JR, Hua BK, Gerry CJ, Xia G, Osswald HL, Knapp JM, Tan ZY, Kokkonda P, Tresco BIC, Liu S, Reidenbach AG, Lim KS, Poirier J, Capece J, Bonazzi S, Gampe CM, Smith NJ, Bradner JE, Coley CW, Clemons PA, Melillo B, Hon CSY, Ottl J, Dumelin CE, Schaefer JV, Faust AME, Berst F, Schreiber SL, Zécri FJ, Briner K. Author Correction: Diversity-oriented synthesis encoded by deoxyoligonucleotides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7589. [PMID: 37989745 PMCID: PMC10663570 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liam Hudson
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeremy W Mason
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthias V Westphal
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthieu J R Richter
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jonathan R Thielman
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bruce K Hua
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Christopher J Gerry
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Guoqin Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Heather L Osswald
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - John M Knapp
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Zher Yin Tan
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Praveen Kokkonda
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ben I C Tresco
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Andrew G Reidenbach
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Katherine S Lim
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jennifer Poirier
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - John Capece
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Simone Bonazzi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Christian M Gampe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nichola J Smith
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Connor W Coley
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Paul A Clemons
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bruno Melillo
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - C Suk-Yee Hon
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Johannes Ottl
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph E Dumelin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ann Marie E Faust
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Frédéric Berst
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Frédéric J Zécri
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Karin Briner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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8
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Cao Q, Tibbetts JD, Wrigley GL, Smalley AP, Cresswell AJ. Modular, automated synthesis of spirocyclic tetrahydronaphthyridines from primary alkylamines. Commun Chem 2023; 6:215. [PMID: 37794068 PMCID: PMC10550966 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spirocyclic tetrahydronaphthyridines (THNs) are valuable scaffolds for drug discovery campaigns, but access to this 3D chemical space is hampered by a lack of modular and scalable synthetic methods. We hereby report an automated, continuous flow synthesis of α-alkylated and spirocyclic 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridines ("1,8-THNs"), in addition to their regioisomeric 1,6-THN analogues, from abundant primary amine feedstocks. An annulative disconnection approach based on photoredox-catalysed hydroaminoalkylation (HAA) of halogenated vinylpyridines is sequenced in combination with intramolecular SNAr N-arylation. To access the remaining 1,7- and 1,5-THN isomers, a photoredox-catalysed HAA step is telescoped with a palladium-catalysed C-N bond formation. Altogether, this provides a highly modular access to four isomeric THN cores from a common set of unprotected primary amine starting materials, using the same bond disconnections. The simplifying power of the methodology is illustrated by a concise synthesis of the spirocyclic THN core of Pfizer's MC4R antagonist PF-07258669.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Joshua D Tibbetts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Gail L Wrigley
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
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9
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Lin CL, Sojitra M, Carpenter EJ, Hayhoe ES, Sarkar S, Volker EA, Wang C, Bui DT, Yang L, Klassen JS, Wu P, Macauley MS, Lowary TL, Derda R. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of genetically-encoded multivalent liquid N-glycan arrays. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5237. [PMID: 37640713 PMCID: PMC10462762 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular glycosylation is characterized by chemical complexity and heterogeneity, which is challenging to reproduce synthetically. Here we show chemoenzymatic synthesis on phage to produce a genetically-encoded liquid glycan array (LiGA) of complex type N-glycans. Implementing the approach involved by ligating an azide-containing sialylglycosyl-asparagine to phage functionalized with 50-1000 copies of dibenzocyclooctyne. The resulting intermediate can be trimmed by glycosidases and extended by glycosyltransferases yielding a phage library with different N-glycans. Post-reaction analysis by MALDI-TOF MS allows rigorous characterization of N-glycan structure and mean density, which are both encoded in the phage DNA. Use of this LiGA with fifteen glycan-binding proteins, including CD22 or DC-SIGN on cells, reveals optimal structure/density combinations for recognition. Injection of the LiGA into mice identifies glycoconjugates with structures and avidity necessary for enrichment in specific organs. This work provides a quantitative evaluation of the interaction of complex N-glycans with GBPs in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Lan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Mirat Sojitra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Eric J Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Ellen S Hayhoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Susmita Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Volker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Duong T Bui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Loretta Yang
- Lectenz Bio, 111 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - John S Klassen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ratmir Derda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
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10
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Hudson L, Mason JW, Westphal MV, Richter MJR, Thielman JR, Hua BK, Gerry CJ, Xia G, Osswald HL, Knapp JM, Tan ZY, Kokkonda P, Tresco BIC, Liu S, Reidenbach AG, Lim KS, Poirier J, Capece J, Bonazzi S, Gampe CM, Smith NJ, Bradner JE, Coley CW, Clemons PA, Melillo B, Hon CSY, Ottl J, Dumelin CE, Schaefer JV, Faust AME, Berst F, Schreiber SL, Zécri FJ, Briner K. Diversity-oriented synthesis encoded by deoxyoligonucleotides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4930. [PMID: 37582753 PMCID: PMC10427684 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) is a powerful strategy to prepare molecules with underrepresented features in commercial screening collections, resulting in the elucidation of novel biological mechanisms. In parallel to the development of DOS, DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) have emerged as an effective, efficient screening strategy to identify protein binders. Despite recent advancements in this field, most DEL syntheses are limited by the presence of sensitive DNA-based constructs. Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and validation experiments performed for a 3.7 million-member DEL, generated using diverse skeleton architectures with varying exit vectors and derived from DOS, to achieve structural diversity beyond what is possible by varying appendages alone. We also show screening results for three diverse protein targets. We will make this DEL available to the academic scientific community to increase access to novel structural features and accelerate early-phase drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Hudson
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeremy W Mason
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthias V Westphal
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthieu J R Richter
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jonathan R Thielman
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bruce K Hua
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Christopher J Gerry
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Guoqin Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Heather L Osswald
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - John M Knapp
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Zher Yin Tan
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Praveen Kokkonda
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ben I C Tresco
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Andrew G Reidenbach
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Katherine S Lim
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jennifer Poirier
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - John Capece
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Simone Bonazzi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Christian M Gampe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nichola J Smith
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - James E Bradner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Connor W Coley
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Paul A Clemons
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bruno Melillo
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - C Suk-Yee Hon
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Johannes Ottl
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph E Dumelin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ann Marie E Faust
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Frédéric Berst
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Novartis Campus, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stuart L Schreiber
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Frédéric J Zécri
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Karin Briner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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11
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Rojas G, Relova-Hernández E, Pérez-Riverón A, Castro-Martínez C, Diaz-Bravo O, Infante YC, Gómez T, Solozábal J, DíazBravo AB, Schubert M, Becker M, Pérez-Massón B, Pérez-Martínez D, Alvarez-Arzola R, Guirola O, Chinea G, Graca L, Dübel S, León K, Carmenate T. Molecular reshaping of phage-displayed Interleukin-2 at beta chain receptor interface to obtain potent super-agonists with improved developability profiles. Commun Biol 2023; 6:828. [PMID: 37558752 PMCID: PMC10412584 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) engineered versions, with biased immunological functions, have emerged from yeast display and rational design. Here we reshaped the human IL-2 interface with the IL-2 receptor beta chain through the screening of phage-displayed libraries. Multiple beta super-binders were obtained, having increased receptor binding ability and improved developability profiles. Selected variants exhibit an accumulation of negatively charged residues at the interface, which provides a better electrostatic complementarity to the beta chain, and faster association kinetics. These findings point to mechanistic differences with the already reported superkines, characterized by a conformational switch due to the rearrangement of the hydrophobic core. The molecular bases of the favourable developability profile were tracked to a single residue: L92. Recombinant Fc-fusion proteins including our variants are superior to those based on H9 superkine in terms of expression levels in mammalian cells, aggregation resistance, stability, in vivo enhancement of immune effector responses, and anti-tumour effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrudis Rojas
- Center of Molecular Immunology, calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Ernesto Relova-Hernández
- Center of Molecular Immunology, calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Annia Pérez-Riverón
- Center of Molecular Immunology, calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Camila Castro-Martínez
- Center of Molecular Immunology, calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Osmany Diaz-Bravo
- Center of Molecular Immunology, calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Yanelys Cabrera Infante
- Center of Molecular Immunology, calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Tania Gómez
- Center of Molecular Immunology, calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Joaquín Solozábal
- Center of Molecular Immunology, calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Ana Beatriz DíazBravo
- Center of Molecular Immunology, calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maren Schubert
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marlies Becker
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Massón
- Center of Molecular Immunology, calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Dayana Pérez-Martínez
- Center of Molecular Immunology, calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Rydell Alvarez-Arzola
- Center of Molecular Immunology, calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Osmany Guirola
- Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31 e/ 158 y 190, apartado 6162, Playa, CP 11300, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Glay Chinea
- Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31 e/ 158 y 190, apartado 6162, Playa, CP 11300, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Luis Graca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kalet León
- Center of Molecular Immunology, calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Tania Carmenate
- Center of Molecular Immunology, calle 216 esq 15, apartado 16040, Atabey, Playa, CP 11300, La Habana, Cuba
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12
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Robinson MP, Jung J, Lopez-Barbosa N, Chang M, Li M, Jaroentomeechai T, Cox EC, Zheng X, Berkmen M, DeLisa MP. Isolation of full-length IgG antibodies from combinatorial libraries expressed in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3514. [PMID: 37316535 PMCID: PMC10267130 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a facile and robust genetic selection for isolating full-length IgG antibodies from combinatorial libraries expressed in the cytoplasm of redox-engineered Escherichia coli cells. The method is based on the transport of a bifunctional substrate comprised of an antigen fused to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, which allows positive selection of bacterial cells co-expressing cytoplasmic IgGs called cyclonals that specifically capture the chimeric antigen and sequester the antibiotic resistance marker in the cytoplasm. The utility of this approach is first demonstrated by isolating affinity-matured cyclonal variants that specifically bind their cognate antigen, the leucine zipper domain of a yeast transcriptional activator, with subnanomolar affinities, which represent a ~20-fold improvement over the parental IgG. We then use the genetic assay to discover antigen-specific cyclonals from a naïve human antibody repertoire, leading to the identification of lead IgG candidates with affinity and specificity for an influenza hemagglutinin-derived peptide antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael-Paul Robinson
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jinjoo Jung
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Natalia Lopez-Barbosa
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Matthew Chang
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Mingji Li
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Thapakorn Jaroentomeechai
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Emily C Cox
- Biomedical and Biological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Xiaolu Zheng
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Mehmet Berkmen
- New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA, 01938, USA
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Biomedical and Biological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Cornell Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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13
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Zeng Y, Khor JW, van Neel TL, Tu WC, Berthier J, Thongpang S, Berthier E, Theberge AB. Miniaturizing chemistry and biology using droplets in open systems. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:439-455. [PMID: 37117816 PMCID: PMC10107581 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Open droplet microfluidic systems manipulate droplets on the picolitre-to-microlitre scale in an open environment. They combine the compartmentalization and control offered by traditional droplet-based microfluidics with the accessibility and ease-of-use of open microfluidics, bringing unique advantages to applications such as combinatorial reactions, droplet analysis and cell culture. Open systems provide direct access to droplets and allow on-demand droplet manipulation within the system without needing pumps or tubes, which makes the systems accessible to biologists without sophisticated setups. Furthermore, these systems can be produced with simple manufacturing and assembly steps that allow for manufacturing at scale and the translation of the method into clinical research. This Review introduces the different types of open droplet microfluidic system, presents the physical concepts leveraged by these systems and highlights key applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jian Wei Khor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tammi L van Neel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wan-Chen Tu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jean Berthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sanitta Thongpang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Erwin Berthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Ashleigh B Theberge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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14
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Jiang X, Huang B, Rumrill S, Pople D, Zalloum WA, Kang D, Zhao F, Ji X, Gao Z, Hu L, Wang Z, Xie M, De Clercq E, Ruiz FX, Arnold E, Pannecouque C, Liu X, Zhan P. Discovery of diarylpyrimidine derivatives bearing piperazine sulfonyl as potent HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Commun Chem 2023; 6:83. [PMID: 37120482 PMCID: PMC10148624 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase is one of the most attractive targets for the treatment of AIDS. However, the rapid emergence of drug-resistant strains and unsatisfactory drug-like properties seriously limit the clinical application of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Here we show that a series of piperazine sulfonyl-bearing diarylpyrimidine-based NNRTIs were designed to improve the potency against wild-type and NNRTI-resistant strains by enhancing backbone-binding interactions. Among them, compound 18b1 demonstrates single-digit nanomolar potency against the wild-type and five mutant HIV-1 strains, which is significantly better than the approved drug etravirine. The co-crystal structure analysis and molecular dynamics simulation studies were conducted to explain the broad-spectrum inhibitory activity of 18b1 against reverse transcriptase variants. Besides, compound 18b1 demonstrates improved water solubility, cytochrome P450 liability, and other pharmacokinetic properties compared to the currently approved diarylpyrimidine (DAPY) NNRTIs. Therefore, we consider compound 18b1 a potential lead compound worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shawn Rumrill
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - David Pople
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Waleed A Zalloum
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, American University of Madaba, P.O Box 2882, Amman, 11821, Jordan
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
- China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fabao Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiangkai Ji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lide Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Minghui Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U.Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesc X Ruiz
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Eddy Arnold
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, K.U.Leuven, Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China.
- China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China.
- China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, 44 West Culture Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, PR China.
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15
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Cui M, Nguyen D, Gaillez MP, Heiden S, Lin W, Thompson M, Reddavide FV, Chen Q, Zhang Y. Trio-pharmacophore DNA-encoded chemical library for simultaneous selection of fragments and linkers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1481. [PMID: 36932079 PMCID: PMC10023787 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The split-and-pool method has been widely used to synthesize chemical libraries of a large size for early drug discovery, albeit without the possibility of meaningful quality control. In contrast, a self-assembled DNA-encoded chemical library (DEL) allows us to construct an m x n-member library by mixing an m-member and an n-member pre-purified sub-library. Herein, we report a trio-pharmacophore DEL (T-DEL) of m x l x n members through assembling three pre-purified and validated sub-libraries. The middle sub-library is synthesized using DNA-templated synthesis with different reaction mechanisms and designed as a linkage connecting the fragments displayed on the flanking two sub-libraries. Despite assembling three fragments, the resulting compounds do not exceed the up-to-date standard of molecular weight regarding drug-likeness. We demonstrate the utility of T-DEL in linker optimization for known binding fragments against trypsin and carbonic anhydrase II and by de novo selections against matrix metalloprotease-2 and -9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Cui
- B CUBE, Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Michelle Patino Gaillez
- B CUBE, Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Weilin Lin
- B CUBE, Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Qinchang Chen
- Research Institute of Intelligent Computing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China.
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yixin Zhang
- B CUBE, Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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16
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Judge A, Hu L, Sankaran B, Van Riper J, Venkataram Prasad BV, Palzkill T. Mapping the determinants of catalysis and substrate specificity of the antibiotic resistance enzyme CTX-M β-lactamase. Commun Biol 2023; 6:35. [PMID: 36635385 PMCID: PMC9837174 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
CTX-M β-lactamases are prevalent antibiotic resistance enzymes and are notable for their ability to rapidly hydrolyze the extended-spectrum cephalosporin, cefotaxime. We hypothesized that the active site sequence requirements of CTX-M-mediated hydrolysis differ between classes of β-lactam antibiotics. Accordingly, we use codon randomization, antibiotic selection, and deep sequencing to determine the CTX-M active-site residues required for hydrolysis of cefotaxime and the penicillin, ampicillin. The study reveals positions required for hydrolysis of all β-lactams, as well as residues controlling substrate specificity. Further, CTX-M enzymes poorly hydrolyze the extended-spectrum cephalosporin, ceftazidime. We further show that the sequence requirements for ceftazidime hydrolysis follow those of cefotaxime, with the exception that key active-site omega loop residues are not required, and may be detrimental, for ceftazidime hydrolysis. These results provide insights into cephalosporin hydrolysis and demonstrate that changes to the active-site omega loop are likely required for the evolution of CTX-M-mediated ceftazidime resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Judge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liya Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Banumathi Sankaran
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Berkeley Center for Structural Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Justin Van Riper
- Graduate Program in Chemical, Physical, and Structural Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B V Venkataram Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy Palzkill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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17
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Gu J, Peng RK, Guo CL, Zhang M, Yang J, Yan X, Zhou Q, Li H, Wang N, Zhu J, Ouyang Q. Construction of a synthetic methodology-based library and its application in identifying a GIT/PIX protein-protein interaction inhibitor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7176. [PMID: 36418900 PMCID: PMC9684509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the flourishing of synthetic methodology studies has provided concise access to numerous molecules with new chemical space. These compounds form a large library with unique scaffolds, but their application in hit discovery is not systematically evaluated. In this work, we establish a synthetic methodology-based compound library (SMBL), integrated with compounds obtained from our synthetic researches, as well as their virtual derivatives in significantly larger scale. We screen the library and identify small-molecule inhibitors to interrupt the protein-protein interaction (PPI) of GIT1/β-Pix complex, an unrevealed target involved in gastric cancer metastasis. The inhibitor 14-5-18 with a spiro[bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3'-indolin]-2'-one scaffold, considerably retards gastric cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Since the PPI targets are considered undruggable as they are hard to target, the successful application illustrates the structural specificity of SMBL, demonstrating its potential to be utilized as compound source for more challenging targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Rui-Kun Peng
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Ling Guo
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Na Wang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Jinwei Zhu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
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18
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Shirasawa R, Takemura I, Hattori S, Nagata Y. A semi-automated material exploration scheme to predict the solubilities of tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives. Commun Chem 2022; 5:158. [PMID: 36697881 PMCID: PMC9814751 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00770-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acceleration of material discovery has been tackled by informatics and laboratory automation. Here we show a semi-automated material exploration scheme to modelize the solubility of tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives. The scheme involved the following steps: definition of a practical chemical search space, prioritization of molecules in the space using an extended algorithm for submodular function maximization without requiring biased variable selection or pre-existing data, synthesis & automated measurement, and machine-learning model estimation. The optimal evaluation order selected using the algorithm covered several similar molecules (32% of all targeted molecules, whereas that obtained by random sampling and uncertainty sampling was ~7% and ~4%, respectively) with a small number of evaluations (10 molecules: 0.13% of all targeted molecules). The derived binary classification models predicted 'good solvents' with an accuracy >0.8. Overall, we confirmed the effectivity of the proposed semi-automated scheme in early-stage material search projects for accelerating a wider range of material research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raku Shirasawa
- Advanced Research Laboratory, R&D Center, Sony Group Corporation, Atsugi Tec. 4-14-1 Asahi-cho, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa, 243-0014, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Takemura
- Tokyo Laboratory 26, R&D Center, Sony Group Corporation, Atsugi Tec. 4-14-1 Asahi-cho, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa, 243-0014, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Hattori
- Advanced Research Laboratory, R&D Center, Sony Group Corporation, Atsugi Tec. 4-14-1 Asahi-cho, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa, 243-0014, Japan
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan.
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19
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Ye X, Lee YC, Gates ZP, Ling Y, Mortensen JC, Yang FS, Lin YS, Pentelute BL. Binary combinatorial scanning reveals potent poly-alanine-substituted inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. Commun Chem 2022; 5:128. [PMID: 36697672 PMCID: PMC9814900 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00737-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing structure-activity relationships is crucial to understand and optimize the activity of peptide-based inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. Single alanine substitutions provide limited information on the residues that tolerate simultaneous modifications with retention of biological activity. To guide optimization of peptide binders, we use combinatorial peptide libraries of over 4,000 variants-in which each position is varied with either the wild-type residue or alanine-with a label-free affinity selection platform to study protein-ligand interactions. Applying this platform to a peptide binder to the oncogenic protein MDM2, several multi-alanine-substituted analogs with picomolar binding affinity were discovered. We reveal a non-additive substitution pattern in the selected sequences. The alanine substitution tolerances for peptide ligands of the 12ca5 antibody and 14-3-3 regulatory protein are also characterized, demonstrating the general applicability of this new platform. We envision that binary combinatorial alanine scanning will be a powerful tool for investigating structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyun Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yen-Chun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan
| | - Zachary P Gates
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138665, Singapore
- Disease Intervention Technology Laboratory (DITL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Yingjie Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jennifer C Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Fan-Shen Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences and Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Guang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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20
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Shen Y, Mahjour B, Cernak T. Development of copper-catalyzed deaminative esterification using high-throughput experimentation. Commun Chem 2022; 5:83. [PMID: 36698013 PMCID: PMC9814592 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Repurposing of amine and carboxylic acid building blocks provides an enormous opportunity to expand the accessible chemical space, because amine and acid feedstocks are typically low cost and available in high diversity. Herein, we report a copper-catalyzed deaminative esterification based on C-N activation of aryl amines via diazonium salt formation. The reaction was specifically designed to complement the popular amide coupling reaction. A chemoinformatic analysis of commercial building blocks demonstrates that by utilizing aryl amines, our method nearly doubles the available esterification chemical space compared to classic Fischer esterification with phenols. High-throughput experimentation in microliter reaction droplets was used to develop the reaction, along with classic scope studies, both of which demonstrated robust performance against hundreds of substrate pairs. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that this new esterification is suitable for late-stage diversification and for building-block repurposing to expand chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Shen
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Babak Mahjour
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Tim Cernak
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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21
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Zhang G, Brown JS, Quartararo AJ, Li C, Tan X, Hanna S, Antilla S, Cowfer AE, Loas A, Pentelute BL. Rapid de novo discovery of peptidomimetic affinity reagents for human angiotensin converting enzyme 2. Commun Chem 2022; 5:8. [PMID: 36697587 PMCID: PMC9814530 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid discovery and development of serum-stable, selective, and high affinity peptide-based binders to protein targets are challenging. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has recently been identified as a cardiovascular disease biomarker and the primary receptor utilized by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. In this study, we report the discovery of high affinity peptidomimetic binders to ACE2 via affinity selection-mass spectrometry (AS-MS). Multiple high affinity ACE2-binding peptides (ABP) were identified by selection from canonical and noncanonical peptidomimetic libraries containing 200 million members (dissociation constant, KD = 19-123 nM). The most potent noncanonical ACE2 peptide binder, ABP N1 (KD = 19 nM), showed enhanced serum stability in comparison with the most potent canonical binder, ABP C7 (KD = 26 nM). Picomolar to low nanomolar ACE2 concentrations in human serum were detected selectively using ABP N1 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The discovery of serum-stable noncanonical peptidomimetics like ABP N1 from a single-pass selection demonstrates the utility of advanced AS-MS for accelerated development of affinity reagents to protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genwei Zhang
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Joseph S. Brown
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Anthony J. Quartararo
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ,Present Address: FogPharma, 30 Acorn Park Dr, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA
| | - Chengxi Li
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Xuyu Tan
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Stephanie Hanna
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Sarah Antilla
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Amanda E. Cowfer
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Andrei Loas
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ,grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA ,grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ,grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
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22
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Rosa S, Bertaso C, Pesaresi P, Masiero S, Tagliani A. Synthetic Protein Circuits and Devices Based on Reversible Protein-Protein Interactions: An Overview. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1171. [PMID: 34833047 DOI: 10.3390/life11111171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) contribute to regulate many aspects of cell physiology and metabolism. Protein domains involved in PPIs are important building blocks for engineering genetic circuits through synthetic biology. These domains can be obtained from known proteins and rationally engineered to produce orthogonal scaffolds, or computationally designed de novo thanks to recent advances in structural biology and molecular dynamics prediction. Such circuits based on PPIs (or protein circuits) appear of particular interest, as they can directly affect transcriptional outputs, as well as induce behavioral/adaptational changes in cell metabolism, without the need for further protein synthesis. This last example was highlighted in recent works to enable the production of fast-responding circuits which can be exploited for biosensing and diagnostics. Notably, PPIs can also be engineered to develop new drugs able to bind specific intra- and extra-cellular targets. In this review, we summarize recent findings in the field of protein circuit design, with particular focus on the use of peptides as scaffolds to engineer these circuits.
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23
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Shang Y, Wu C, Gao Q, Liu C, Li L, Zhang X, Cheng HG, Liu S, Zhou Q. Diversity-oriented functionalization of 2-pyridones and uracils. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2988. [PMID: 34016986 PMCID: PMC8137914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocycles 2-pyridone and uracil are privileged pharmacophores. Diversity-oriented synthesis of their derivatives is in urgent need in medicinal chemistry. Herein, we report a palladium/norbornene cooperative catalysis enabled dual-functionalization of iodinated 2-pyridones and uracils. The success of this research depends on the use of two unique norbornene derivatives as the mediator. Readily available alkyl halides/tosylates and aryl bromides are utilized as ortho-alkylating and -arylating reagents, respectively. Widely accessible ipso-terminating reagents, including H/DCO2Na, boronic acid/ester, terminal alkene and alkyne are compatible with this protocol. Thus, a large number of valuable 2-pyridone derivatives, including deuterium/CD3-labeled 2-pyridones, bicyclic 2-pyridones, 2-pyridone-fenofibrate conjugate, axially chiral 2-pyridone (97% ee), as well as uracil and thymine derivatives, can be quickly prepared in a predictable manner (79 examples reported), which will be very useful in new drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenggui Wu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qianwen Gao
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan, China
| | - Lisha Li
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Gang Cheng
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianghui Zhou
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, and The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan, China.
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24
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Ahn GN, Sharma BM, Lahore S, Yim SJ, Vidyacharan S, Kim DP. Flow parallel synthesizer for multiplex synthesis of aryl diazonium libraries via efficient parameter screening. Commun Chem 2021; 4:53. [PMID: 36697557 PMCID: PMC9814388 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of miniaturized flow platforms would enable efficient and selective synthesis of drug and lead molecules by rapidly exploring synthetic methodologies and screening for optimal conditions, progress in which could be transformative for the field. In spite of tremendous advances made in continuous flow technology, these reported flow platforms are not devised to conduct many different reactions simultaneously. Herein, we report a metal-based flow parallel synthesizer that enables multiplex synthesis of libraries of compounds and efficient screening of parameters. This miniaturized synthesizer, equipped with a unique built-in flow distributor and n number of microreactors, can execute multiple types of reactions in parallel under diverse conditions, including photochemistry. Diazonium-based reactions are explored as a test case by distributing the reagent to 16 (n = 16) capillaries to which various building blocks are supplied for the chemistry library synthesis at the optimal conditions obtained by multiplex screening of 96 different reaction variables in reaction time, concentration, and product type. The proficiency of the flow parallel synthesizer is showcased by multiplex formation of various C-C, C-N, C-X, and C-S bonds, leading to optimization of 24 different aryl diazonium chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Noh Ahn
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Intelligent Microprocess Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Brijesh M. Sharma
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Intelligent Microprocess Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Santosh Lahore
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Intelligent Microprocess Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jun Yim
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Intelligent Microprocess Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Shinde Vidyacharan
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Intelligent Microprocess Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Intelligent Microprocess Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784 Republic of Korea
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25
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Ravandi S, Minenkov A, Mardare CC, Kollender JP, Groiss H, Hassel AW, Mardare AI. Gallium-Enhanced Aluminum and Copper Electromigration Performance for Flexible Electronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:6960-6974. [PMID: 33492947 PMCID: PMC7883345 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wide range binary and ternary thin film combinatorial libraries mixing Al, Cu, and Ga were screened for identifying alloys with enhanced ability to withstand electromigration. Bidimensional test wires were obtained by lithographically patterning the substrates before simultaneous vacuum co-deposition from independent sources. Current-voltage measurement automation allowed for high throughput experimentation, revealing the maximum current density and voltage at the electrical failure threshold for each alloy. The grain boundary dynamic during electromigration is attributed to the resultant between the force corresponding to the electron flux density and the one corresponding to the atomic concentration gradient perpendicular to the current flow direction. The screening identifies Al-8 at. % Ga and Cu-5 at. % Ga for replacing pure Al or Cu connecting lines in high current/power electronics. Both alloys were deposited on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) flexible substrates. The film adhesion to PEN is enhanced by alloying Al or Cu with Ga. Electrical testing demonstrated that Al-8 at. % Ga is more suitable for conducting lines in flexible electronics, showing an almost 50% increase in electromigration suppression when compared to pure Al. Moreover, Cu-5 at. % Ga showed superior properties as compared to pure Cu on both SiO2 and PEN substrates, where more than 100% increase in maximum current density was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Ravandi
- Institute
of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Alexey Minenkov
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Nanoscale Phase Transformations, Center of
Surface and Nanoanalytics, Johannes Kepler
University Linz, Altenberger
Str. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Cezarina Cela Mardare
- Institute
of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Combinatorial Oxide Chemistry at the Institute
of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Jan Philipp Kollender
- Institute
of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- EMPA,
Laboratory for Joining Technologies & Corrosion, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Groiss
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Nanoscale Phase Transformations, Center of
Surface and Nanoanalytics, Johannes Kepler
University Linz, Altenberger
Str. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Achim Walter Hassel
- Institute
of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Combinatorial Oxide Chemistry at the Institute
of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Andrei Ionut Mardare
- Institute
of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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26
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Canal-Martín A, Pérez-Fernández R. Biomimetic selenocystine based dynamic combinatorial chemistry for thiol-disulfide exchange. Nat Commun 2021; 12:163. [PMID: 33420034 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic combinatorial chemistry applied to biological environments requires the exchange chemistry of choice to take place under physiological conditions. Thiol-disulfide exchange, one of the most popular dynamic combinatorial chemistries, usually needs long equilibration times to reach the required equilibrium composition. Here we report selenocystine as a catalyst mimicking Nature's strategy to accelerate thiol-disulfide exchange at physiological pH and low temperatures. Selenocystine is able to accelerate slow thiol-disulfide systems and to promote the correct folding of an scrambled RNase A enzyme, thus broadening the practical range of pH conditions for oxidative folding. Additionally, dynamic combinatorial chemistry target-driven self-assembly processes are tested using spermine, spermidine and NADPH (casting) and glucose oxidase (molding). A non-competitive inhibitor is identified in the glucose oxidase directed dynamic combinatorial library.
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27
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Muchiri RN, van Breemen RB. Affinity selection-mass spectrometry for the discovery of pharmacologically active compounds from combinatorial libraries and natural products. J Mass Spectrom 2021; 56:e4647. [PMID: 32955158 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Invented to address the high-throughput screening (HTS) demands of combinatorial chemistry, affinity selection-mass spectrometry (AS-MS) utilizes binding interactions between ligands and receptors to isolate pharmacologically active compounds from mixtures of small molecules and then relies on the selectivity, sensitivity, and speed of mass spectrometry to identify them. No radiolabels, fluorophores, or chromophores are required. Although many variations of AS-MS have been devised, three approaches have emerged as the most flexible, productive, and popular, and they differ primarily in how ligand-receptor complexes are separated from nonbinding compounds in the mixture. These are pulsed ultrafiltration (PUF) AS-MS, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) AS-MS, and magnetic microbead affinity selection screening (MagMASS). PUF and SEC AS-MS are solution-phase screening approaches, and MagMASS uses receptors immobilized on magnetic microbeads. Because pools of compounds are screened using AS-MS, each containing hundreds to thousands of potential ligands, hundreds of thousands of compounds can be screened per day. AS-MS is also compatible with complex mixtures of chemically diverse natural products in extracts of botanicals and fungi and microbial cultures, which often contain fluorophores and chromophores that can interfere with convention HTS. Unlike conventional HTS, AS-MS may be used to discover ligands binding to allosteric as well as orthosteric receptor sites, and AS-MS has been useful for discovering ligands to targets that are not easily incorporated into conventional HTS such as membrane-bound receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth N Muchiri
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
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28
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Álvarez B, Mencía M, de Lorenzo V, Fernández LÁ. In vivo diversification of target genomic sites using processive base deaminase fusions blocked by dCas9. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6436. [PMID: 33353963 PMCID: PMC7755918 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo mutagenesis systems accelerate directed protein evolution but often show restricted capabilities and deleterious off-site mutations on cells. To overcome these limitations, here we report an in vivo platform to diversify specific DNA segments based on protein fusions between various base deaminases (BD) and the T7 RNA polymerase (T7RNAP) that recognizes a cognate promoter oriented towards the target sequence. Transcriptional elongation of these fusions generates transitions C to T or A to G on both DNA strands and in long DNA segments. To delimit the boundaries of the diversified DNA, the catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9) is tethered with custom-designed crRNAs as a "roadblock" for BD-T7RNAP elongation. Using this T7-targeted dCas9-limited in vivo mutagenesis (T7-DIVA) system, rapid molecular evolution of the antibiotic resistance gene TEM-1 is achieved. While the efficiency is demonstrated in E. coli, the system can be adapted to a variety of bacterial and eukaryotic hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Álvarez
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Mencía
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Nicolas Cabrera 1, Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor de Lorenzo
- Systems Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Ángel Fernández
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, Campus UAM Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Abstract
Sulfur-sulfur motifs widely occur in vital function and drug design, which yearns for polysulfide construction in an efficient manner. However, it is a great challenge to install desired functional groups on both sides of sulfur-sulfur bonds at liberty. Herein, we designed a mesocyclic bilateral disulfurating reagent for sequential assembly and modular installation of polysulfides. Based on S-O bond dissociation energy imparity (mesocyclic compared to linear imparity is at least 5.34 kcal mol-1 higher), diverse types of functional molecules can be bridged via sulfur-sulfur bonds distinctly. With these stable reagents, excellent reactivities with nucleophiles including C, N and S are comprehensively demonstrated, sequentially installing on both sides of sulfur-sulfur motif with various substituents to afford six species of unsymmetrical polysulfides including di-, tri- and even tetra-sulfides. Life-related molecules, natural products and pharmaceuticals can be successively cross-linked with sulfur-sulfur bond. Remarkably, the cyclization of tri- and tetra-peptides affords 15- and 18-membered cyclic disulfide peptides with this reagent, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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30
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Quartararo AJ, Gates ZP, Somsen BA, Hartrampf N, Ye X, Shimada A, Kajihara Y, Ottmann C, Pentelute BL. Ultra-large chemical libraries for the discovery of high-affinity peptide binders. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3183. [PMID: 32576815 PMCID: PMC7311396 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-diversity genetically-encoded combinatorial libraries (108-1013 members) are a rich source of peptide-based binding molecules, identified by affinity selection. Synthetic libraries can access broader chemical space, but typically examine only ~ 106 compounds by screening. Here we show that in-solution affinity selection can be interfaced with nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry peptide sequencing to identify binders from fully randomized synthetic libraries of 108 members-a 100-fold gain in diversity over standard practice. To validate this approach, we show that binders to a monoclonal antibody are identified in proportion to library diversity, as diversity is increased from 106-108. These results are then applied to the discovery of p53-like binders to MDM2, and to a family of 3-19 nM-affinity, α/β-peptide-based binders to 14-3-3. An X-ray structure of one of these binders in complex with 14-3-3σ is determined, illustrating the role of β-amino acids in facilitating a key binding contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Quartararo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zachary P Gates
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Bente A Somsen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Nina Hartrampf
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xiyun Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Arisa Shimada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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31
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Radko SP, Lapa SA, Chudinov AV, Khmeleva SA, Mannanova MM, Kurbatov LK, Kiseleva YY, Zasedatelev AS, Lisitsa AV. [Evaluation of the diversity of random DNA-libraries by the shape of amplification curves for estimation of the efficiency of aptamer selection]. Biomed Khim 2020; 65:477-484. [PMID: 31876518 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20196506477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Using random (combinatorial) DNA-libraries with various degrees of diversity, it was shown that their amplification by polymerase chain reaction in real time resulted in appearance of a maximum on amplification curves. The relative decrease of fluorescence after passing the maximum was directly proportional to the logarithm of the number of oligonucleotide sequence variants in the random DNA-library provided that this number was within in the interval from 1 to 104 and remained practically unaltered when the number of variants was in the interval from 105 to 108. The obtained dependence was used in the course of SELEX to evaluate changes in the diversity of random DNA-libraries from round to round in selection of DNA-aptamers to the recombinant SMAD4 protein. As a result, oligonucleotides containing sequences able to form a site of SMAD4-DNA interactions known as SBE (SMAD-binding element) have been selected thus indicating that the SMAD4-SBE interaction dominates the aptamer selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Radko
- IBMC-EcoBioPharm Ltd., Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Lapa
- IBMC-EcoBioPharm Ltd., Moscow, Russia; Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Chudinov
- IBMC-EcoBioPharm Ltd., Moscow, Russia; Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Khmeleva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - L K Kurbatov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y Y Kiseleva
- Russian Scientific Center of Roentgenoradiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Zasedatelev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Lisitsa
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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32
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Hölz K, Pavlic A, Lietard J, Somoza MM. Specificity and Efficiency of the Uracil DNA Glycosylase-Mediated Strand Cleavage Surveyed on Large Sequence Libraries. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17822. [PMID: 31780717 PMCID: PMC6883067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) is a critical DNA repair enzyme that is well conserved and ubiquitous in nearly all life forms. UDG protects genomic information integrity by catalyzing the excision from DNA of uracil nucleobases resulting from misincorporation or spontaneous cytosine deamination. UDG-mediated strand cleavage is also an important tool in molecular biotechnology, allowing for controlled and location-specific cleavage of single- and double DNA chemically or enzymatically synthesized with single or multiple incorporations of deoxyuridine. Although the cleavage mechanism is well-understood, detailed knowledge of efficiency and sequence specificity, in both single and double-stranded DNA contexts, has so far remained incomplete. Here we use an experimental approach based on the large-scale photolithographic synthesis of uracil-containing DNA oligonucleotides to comprehensively probe the context-dependent uracil excision efficiency of UDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Hölz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelina Pavlic
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jory Lietard
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mark M Somoza
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354, Freising, Germany.
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33
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Roehner N, Bartley B, Beal J, McLaughlin J, Pocock M, Zhang M, Zundel Z, Myers CJ. Specifying Combinatorial Designs with the Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL). ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:1519-1523. [PMID: 31260271 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As improvements in DNA synthesis technology and assembly methods make combinatorial assembly of genetic constructs increasingly accessible, methods for representing genetic constructs likewise need to improve to handle the exponential growth of combinatorial design space. To this end, we present a community accepted extension of the SBOL data standard that allows for the efficient and flexible encoding of combinatorial designs. This extension includes data structures for representing genetic designs with "variable" components that can be implemented by choosing one of many linked designs for existing genetic parts or constructs. We demonstrate the representational power of the SBOL combinatorial design extension through case studies on metabolic pathway design and genetic circuit design, and we report the expansion of the SBOLDesigner software tool to support users in creating and modifying combinatorial designs in SBOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Roehner
- Raytheon BBN Technologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Bryan Bartley
- Raytheon BBN Technologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jacob Beal
- Raytheon BBN Technologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | | | - Matthew Pocock
- Turing Ate My Hamster, Ltd., Tyne and Wear, NE27 0RT, UK
| | - Michael Zhang
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Zach Zundel
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Chris J. Myers
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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34
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Talley KR, Bauers SR, Melamed CL, Papac MC, Heinselman KN, Khan I, Roberts DM, Jacobson V, Mis A, Brennecka GL, Perkins JD, Zakutayev A. COMBIgor: Data-Analysis Package for Combinatorial Materials Science. ACS Comb Sci 2019; 21:537-547. [PMID: 31121098 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial experiments involve synthesis of sample libraries with lateral composition gradients requiring spatially resolved characterization of structure and properties. Because of the maturation of combinatorial methods and their successful application in many fields, the modern combinatorial laboratory produces diverse and complex data sets requiring advanced analysis and visualization techniques. In order to utilize these large data sets to uncover new knowledge, the combinatorial scientist must engage in data science. For data science tasks, most laboratories adopt common-purpose data management and visualization software. However, processing and cross-correlating data from various measurement tools is no small task for such generic programs. Here we describe COMBIgor, a purpose-built open-source software package written in the commercial Igor Pro environment and designed to offer a systematic approach to loading, storing, processing, and visualizing combinatorial data. It includes (1) methods for loading and storing data sets from combinatorial libraries, (2) routines for streamlined data processing, and (3) data-analysis and -visualization features to construct figures. Most importantly, COMBIgor is designed to be easily customized by a laboratory, group, or individual in order to integrate additional instruments and data-processing algorithms. Utilizing the capabilities of COMBIgor can significantly reduce the burden of data management on the combinatorial scientist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. Talley
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Sage R. Bauers
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Celeste L. Melamed
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Meagan C. Papac
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Karen N. Heinselman
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Imran Khan
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Dennice M. Roberts
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Valerie Jacobson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Allison Mis
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Geoff L. Brennecka
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - John D. Perkins
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Andriy Zakutayev
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Lim CC, Choong YS, Lim TS. Cognizance of Molecular Methods for the Generation of Mutagenic Phage Display Antibody Libraries for Affinity Maturation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1861. [PMID: 30991723 PMCID: PMC6515083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies leverage on their unique architecture to bind with an array of antigens. The strength of interaction has a direct relation to the affinity of the antibodies towards the antigen. In vivo affinity maturation is performed through multiple rounds of somatic hypermutation and selection in the germinal centre. This unique process involves intricate sequence rearrangements at the gene level via molecular mechanisms. The emergence of in vitro display technologies, mainly phage display and recombinant DNA technology, has helped revolutionize the way antibody improvements are being carried out in the laboratory. The adaptation of molecular approaches in vitro to replicate the in vivo processes has allowed for improvements in the way recombinant antibodies are designed and tuned. Combinatorial libraries, consisting of a myriad of possible antibodies, are capable of replicating the diversity of the natural human antibody repertoire. The isolation of target-specific antibodies with specific affinity characteristics can also be accomplished through modification of stringent protocols. Despite the ability to screen and select for high-affinity binders, some 'fine tuning' may be required to enhance antibody binding in terms of its affinity. This review will provide a brief account of phage display technology used for antibody generation followed by a summary of different combinatorial library characteristics. The review will focus on available strategies, which include molecular approaches, next generation sequencing, and in silico approaches used for antibody affinity maturation in both therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Chiu Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Yee Siew Choong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
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36
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Amara N, Foe IT, Onguka O, Garland M, Bogyo M. Synthetic Fluorogenic Peptides Reveal Dynamic Substrate Specificity of Depalmitoylases. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 26:35-47.e7. [PMID: 30393067 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Palmitoylation is a post-translational modification involving the thioesterification of cysteine residues with a 16-carbon-saturated fatty acid. Little is known about rates of depalmitoylation or the parameters that dictate these rates. Here we report a modular strategy to synthesize quenched fluorogenic substrates for the specific detection of depalmitoylase activity and for mapping the substrate specificity of individual depalmitoylases. We demonstrate that human depalmitoylases APT1 and APT2, and TgPPT1 from the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, have distinct specificities that depend on amino acid residues distal to the palmitoyl cysteine. This information informs the design of optimal and non-optimal substrates as well as isoform-selective substrates to detect the activity of a specific depalmitoylase in complex proteomes. In addition to providing tools for studying depalmitoylases, our findings identify a previously unrecognized mechanism for regulating steady-state levels of distinct palmitoylation sites by sequence-dependent control of depalmitoylation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neri Amara
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ian T Foe
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ouma Onguka
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Megan Garland
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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37
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Moni L, De Moliner F, Garbarino S, Saupe J, Mang C, Basso A. Corrigendum: Exploitation of the Ugi 5-Center-4-Component Reaction (U-5C-4CR) for the Generation of Diverse Libraries of Polycyclic (Spiro)Compounds. Front Chem 2018; 6:510. [PMID: 30374439 PMCID: PMC6202786 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Moni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio De Moliner
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Garbarino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Jörn Saupe
- AnalytiCon Discovery GmbH, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Basso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
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38
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Moni L, De Moliner F, Garbarino S, Saupe J, Mang C, Basso A. Exploitation of the Ugi 5-Center-4-Component Reaction (U-5C-4CR) for the Generation of Diverse Libraries of Polycyclic (Spiro)Compounds. Front Chem 2018; 6:369. [PMID: 30238002 PMCID: PMC6136273 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An Ugi multicomponent reaction with chiral cyclic amino acids, benzyl isocyanide and cyclic ketones (or acetone) has been exploited as key step for the generation of peptidomimetics. After a straightforward set of elaborations, the peptidomimetics were converted into polycyclic scaffolds displaying two orthogonally protected secondary amines. Libraries of compounds were obtained decorating the molecules through acylation/reductive amination reactions on these functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Moni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio De Moliner
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Garbarino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Jörn Saupe
- AnalytiCon Discovery GmbH, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Basso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
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39
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Abstract
Engineered protein ligands are used for molecular therapy, diagnostics, and industrial biotechnology. The Gp2 domain is a 45-amino acid scaffold that has been evolved for specific, high-affinity binding to multiple targets by diversification of two solvent-exposed loops. Inspired by sitewise enrichment of select amino acids, including cysteine pairs, in earlier Gp2 discovery campaigns, we hypothesized that the breadth and efficiency of de novo Gp2 discovery will be aided by sitewise amino acid constraint within combinatorial library design. We systematically constructed eight libraries and comparatively evaluated their efficacy for binder discovery via yeast display against a panel of targets. Conservation of a cysteine pair at the termini of the first diversified paratope loop increased binder discovery 16-fold ( p < 0.001). Yet two other libraries with conserved cysteine pairs, within the second loop or an interloop pair, did not aid discovery thereby indicating site-specific impact. Via a yeast display protease resistance assay, Gp2 variants from the loop one cysteine pair library were 3.3 ± 2.1-fold ( p = 0.005) more stable than nonconstrained variants. Sitewise constraint of noncysteine residues-guided by previously evolved binders, natural Gp2 homology, computed stability, and structural analysis-did not aid discovery. A panel of binders to programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), a key target in cancer immunotherapy, were discovered from the loop 1 cysteine constraint library. Affinity maturation via loop walking resulted in strong, specific cellular PD-L1 affinity ( Kd = 6-9 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A. Kruziki
- University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 421 Washington Avenue Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vidur Sarma
- University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 421 Washington Avenue Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Hackel
- University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, 421 Washington Avenue Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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40
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Jad YE, Gudimella SK, Govender T, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Solid-Phase Synthesis of Pyrrole Derivatives through a Multicomponent Reaction Involving Lys-Containing Peptides. ACS Comb Sci 2018; 20:187-191. [PMID: 29444402 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of pyrroles has received considerable attention because of their biological and pharmaceutical activities. Herein we describe a solid-phase multicomponent reaction that utilizes Lys as a N donor, β-nitrostyrenes, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and FeCl3 as an easily accessible catalyst under microwave irradiation to afford the subsequent pyrrole derivatives in high conversions. The strategy combines three of the most powerful tools in modern synthetic chemistry: the solid-phase mode, microwave activation, and a multicomponent reaction. The excellent results in terms of rapidity, versatility, and purity obtained herein support once again that this combined strategy is efficient for gaining chemical diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya E. Jad
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Santosh K. Gudimella
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
- KRISP, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University Road, Westville, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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41
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Smith JS, Isayev O, Roitberg AE. ANI-1, A data set of 20 million calculated off-equilibrium conformations for organic molecules. Sci Data 2017; 4:170193. [PMID: 29257127 PMCID: PMC5735918 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the grand challenges in modern theoretical chemistry is designing and implementing approximations that expedite ab initio methods without loss of accuracy. Machine learning (ML) methods are emerging as a powerful approach to constructing various forms of transferable atomistic potentials. They have been successfully applied in a variety of applications in chemistry, biology, catalysis, and solid-state physics. However, these models are heavily dependent on the quality and quantity of data used in their fitting. Fitting highly flexible ML potentials, such as neural networks, comes at a cost: a vast amount of reference data is required to properly train these models. We address this need by providing access to a large computational DFT database, which consists of more than 20 M off equilibrium conformations for 57,462 small organic molecules. We believe it will become a new standard benchmark for comparison of current and future methods in the ML potential community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Olexandr Isayev
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Adrian E. Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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42
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Abstract
Synthetic biologists increasingly rely on directed evolution to optimize engineered biological systems. Applying an appropriate screening or selection method for identifying the potentially rare library members with the desired properties is a crucial step for success in these experiments. Special challenges include substantial cell-to-cell variability and the requirement to check multiple states (e.g., being ON or OFF depending on the input). Here, we present a high-throughput screening method that addresses these challenges. First, we encapsulate single bacteria into microfluidic agarose gel beads. After incubation, they harbor monoclonal bacterial microcolonies (e.g., expressing a synthetic construct) and can be sorted according their fluorescence by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). We determine enrichment rates and demonstrate that we can measure the average fluorescent signals of microcolonies containing phenotypically heterogeneous cells, obviating the problem of cell-to-cell variability. Finally, we apply this method to sort a pBAD promoter library at ON and OFF states.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Duarte
- Department
of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Içvara Barbier
- Department
of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yolanda Schaerli
- Department
of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department
of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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43
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Abstract
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Microfluidic droplet-based
screening of DNA-encoded one-bead-one-compound
combinatorial libraries is a miniaturized, potentially widely distributable
approach to small molecule discovery. In these screens, a microfluidic
circuit distributes library beads into droplets of activity assay
reagent, photochemically cleaves the compound from the bead, then
incubates and sorts the droplets based on assay result for subsequent
DNA sequencing-based hit compound structure elucidation. Pilot experimental
studies revealed that Poisson statistics describe nearly all aspects
of such screens, prompting the development of simulations to understand
system behavior. Monte Carlo screening simulation data showed that
increasing mean library sampling (ε), mean droplet occupancy,
or library hit rate all increase the false discovery rate (FDR). Compounds
identified as hits on k > 1 beads (the replicate k class) were much more likely to be authentic
hits than singletons (k = 1), in agreement with previous
findings. Here, we explain this observation by deriving an equation
for authenticity, which reduces to the product of a library sampling
bias term (exponential in k) and a sampling saturation
term (exponential in ε) setting a threshold that the k-dependent bias must overcome. The equation thus quantitatively
describes why each hit structure’s FDR is based on its k class, and further predicts the feasibility of intentionally
populating droplets with multiple library beads, assaying the micromixtures
for function, and identifying the active members by statistical deconvolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. MacConnell
- Department
of Chemistry and †Doctoral Program in Chemical and Biological
Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Brian M. Paegel
- Department
of Chemistry and †Doctoral Program in Chemical and Biological
Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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44
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Schurig V. The Reciprocal Principle of Selectand-Selector-Systems in Supramolecular Chromatography †. Molecules 2016; 21:E1535. [PMID: 27854299 PMCID: PMC6274307 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In selective chromatography and electromigration methods, supramolecular recognition of selectands and selectors is due to the fast and reversible formation of association complexes governed by thermodynamics. Whereas the selectand molecules to be separated are always present in the mobile phase, the selector employed for the separation of the selectands is either part of the stationary phase or is added to the mobile phase. By the reciprocal principle, the roles of selector and selectand can be reversed. In this contribution in honor of Professor Stig Allenmark, the evolution of the reciprocal principle in chromatography is reviewed and its advantages and limitations are outlined. Various reciprocal scenarios, including library approaches, are discussed in efforts to optimize selectivity in separation science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Schurig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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45
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Satz AL. Simulated Screens of DNA Encoded Libraries: The Potential Influence of Chemical Synthesis Fidelity on Interpretation of Structure-Activity Relationships. ACS Comb Sci 2016; 18:415-24. [PMID: 27116029 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simulated screening of DNA encoded libraries indicates that the presence of truncated byproducts complicates the relationship between library member enrichment and equilibrium association constant (these truncates result from incomplete chemical reactions during library synthesis). Further, simulations indicate that some patterns observed in reported experimental data may result from the presence of truncated byproducts in the library mixture and not structure-activity relationships. Potential experimental methods of minimizing the presence of truncates are assessed via simulation; the relationship between enrichment and equilibrium association constant for libraries of differing purities is investigated. Data aggregation techniques are demonstrated that allow for more accurate analysis of screening results, in particular when the screened library contains significant quantities of truncates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L. Satz
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse
124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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46
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Bottini A, Wu B, Barile E, De SK, Leone M, Pellecchia M. High-Throughput Screening (HTS) by NMR Guided Identification of Novel Agents Targeting the Protein Docking Domain of YopH. ChemMedChem 2015; 11:919-27. [PMID: 26592695 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recently we described a novel approach, named high-throughput screening (HTS) by NMR that allows the identification, from large combinatorial peptide libraries, of potent and selective peptide mimetics against a given target. Here, we deployed the "HTS by NMR" approach for the design of novel peptoid sequences targeting the N-terminal domain of Yersinia outer protein H (YopH-NT), a bacterial toxin essential for the virulence of Yersinia pestis. We aimed at disrupting the protein-protein interactions between YopH-NT and its cellular substrates, with the goal of inhibiting indirectly YopH enzymatic function. These studies resulted in a novel agent of sequence Ac-F-pY-cPG-d-P-NH2 (pY=phosphotyrosine; cPG=cyclopentyl glycine) with a Kd value against YopH-NT of 310 nm. We demonstrated that such a pharmacological inhibitor of YopH-NT results in the inhibition of the dephosphorylation by full-length YopH of a cellular substrate. Hence, potentially this agent represents a valuable stepping stone for the development of novel therapeutics against Yersinia infections. The data reported further demonstrate the utility of the HTS by NMR approach in deriving novel peptide mimetics targeting protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Bottini
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bainan Wu
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Elisa Barile
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Surya K De
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Marilisa Leone
- Institute of Biostructures & Bioimaging, National Research Council (IBB-CNR), Via De Amicis 95, Naples, 80145, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pellecchia
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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47
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Bordo MW, Oketokoun R, Cross CJ, Bao K, Lee JH, Feygin I, Chang AB, Frangioni JV, Choi HS. High-Throughput Sorting and Placement of One-Bead-One-Compound (OBOC) Libraries from Bulk to Single Wells in Organic Solvent. ACS Comb Sci 2015; 17:303-9. [PMID: 25879633 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
One-bead-one-compound (OBOC) solid-phase combinatorial chemistry has been used extensively in drug discovery. However, a major bottleneck has been the sorting of individual beads, while still swollen in organic solvent, into individual wells of a microwell plate. To solve this problem, we have constructed an automated bead sorting system with integrated quality control that is capable of sorting and placing large numbers of beads in bulk to single wells of a 384-well plate, all in an organic solvent. The bead sorter employs a unique, reciprocating fluidic design capable of depositing 1 bead every 1.5 s, with an average accuracy of 97%. We quantified the performance of this instrument by sorting over 8500 beads, followed by cleaving the conjugated compound and confirming the chemical identity of each by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). This instrument should enable more efficient screening of combinatorial small molecule libraries without the need to dry beads or otherwise change the chemical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Bordo
- Curadel, LLC, 377 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Rafiou Oketokoun
- Robotic
Chemistry Group, Center for Molecular Imaging, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Conor J. Cross
- Robotic
Chemistry Group, Center for Molecular Imaging, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Kai Bao
- Robotic
Chemistry Group, Center for Molecular Imaging, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Jeong Heon Lee
- Robotic
Chemistry Group, Center for Molecular Imaging, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Ilya Feygin
- TechElan LLC, 853 Hillside Ave., Mountainside, New Jersey 07092, United States
| | - Alex B. Chang
- TechElan LLC, 853 Hillside Ave., Mountainside, New Jersey 07092, United States
| | - John V. Frangioni
- Curadel, LLC, 377 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Robotic
Chemistry Group, Center for Molecular Imaging, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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48
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Wang YC, Distefano MD. Synthesis and screening of peptide libraries with free C-termini. Curr Top Pept Protein Res 2014; 15:1-23. [PMID: 28239240 PMCID: PMC5321655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptide libraries are useful tools to investigate the relationship between structure and function of proteins. The creation of peptide libraries with free C-termini presents unique synthetic challenges. In this review, methods for creating peptide libraries using either solid-phase peptide synthesis or phage display are described. Methods for screening such libraries and their application in studying several important biological problems are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chih Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Mark D. Distefano
- Departments of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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49
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Emami S, Yee MC, Dinneny JR. A robust family of Golden Gate Agrobacterium vectors for plant synthetic biology. Front Plant Sci 2013; 4:339. [PMID: 24032037 PMCID: PMC3759027 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tools that allow for rapid, accurate and inexpensive assembly of multi-component combinatorial libraries of DNA for transformation into plants will accelerate the progress of synthetic biology research. Recent innovations in molecular cloning methods has vastly expanded the repertoire with which plant biologists can engineer a transgene. Here we describe a new set of binary vectors for use in Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation that utilizes the Golden-Gate Cloning approach. Our optimized protocol facilitates the rapid and inexpensive generation of multi-component transgenes for later introduction into plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José R. Dinneny
- *Correspondence: José R. Dinneny, Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA e-mail:
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50
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Abstract
Abstract Given molecular genetic data from diploid individuals that, at present, reproduce mostly or exclusively asexually without recombination, an important problem in evolutionary biology is detecting evidence of past sexual reproduction (i.e., meiosis and mating) and recombination (both meiotic and mitotic). However, currently there is a lack of computational tools for carrying out such a study. In this article, we formulate a new problem of reconstructing diploid genealogies under the assumption of no sexual reproduction or recombination, with the ultimate goal being to devise genealogy-based tools for testing deviation from these assumptions. We first consider the infinite-sites model of mutation and develop linear-time algorithms to test the existence of an asexual diploid genealogy compatible with the infinite-sites model of mutation, and to construct one if it exists. In this ideal case, our chance of detecting signatures of past sexual reproduction is maximized. Then, we relax the infinite-sites assumption and develop an integer linear programming formulation to reconstruct asexual diploid genealogies with the minimum number of homoplasy (back or recurrent mutation) events. If this number is substantially larger than that expected for typical asexual organisms, then it may suggest that sexual reproduction or recombination may have played an important role in the evolutionary history. We apply our algorithms on simulated data sets with sizes of biological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumei Lam
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
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