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Robinson A, Nkansah A, Bhat S, Karnik S, Jones S, Fairley A, Leung J, Wancura M, Sacks MS, Dasi LP, Cosgriff-Hernandez E. Hydrogel-polyurethane fiber composites with enhanced microarchitectural control for heart valve replacement. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:586-599. [PMID: 38018452 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric heart valves offer the potential to overcome the limited durability of tissue based bioprosthetic valves and the need for anticoagulant therapy of mechanical valve replacement options. However, developing a single-phase material with requisite biological properties and target mechanical properties remains a challenge. In this study, a composite heart valve material was developed where an electrospun mesh provides tunable mechanical properties and a hydrogel coating confers an antifouling surface for thromboresistance. Key biological responses were evaluated in comparison to glutaraldehyde-fixed pericardium. Platelet and bacterial attachment were reduced by 38% and 98%, respectively, as compared to pericardium that demonstrated the antifouling nature of the hydrogel coating. There was also a notable reduction (59%) in the calcification of the composite material as compared to pericardium. A custom 3D-printed hydrogel coating setup was developed to make valve composites for device-level hemodynamic testing. Regurgitation fraction (9.6 ± 1.8%) and effective orifice area (1.52 ± 0.34 cm2 ) met ISO 5840-2:2021 requirements. Additionally, the mean pressure gradient was comparable to current clinical bioprosthetic heart valves demonstrating preliminary efficacy. Although the hemodynamic properties are promising, it is anticipated that the random microarchitecture will result in suboptimal strain fields and peak stresses that may accelerate leaflet fatigue and degeneration. Previous computational work has demonstrated that bioinspired fiber microarchitectures can improve strain homogeneity of valve materials toward improving durability. To this end, we developed advanced electrospinning methodologies to achieve polyurethane fiber microarchitectures that mimic or exceed the physiological ranges of alignment, tortuosity, and curvilinearity present in the native valve. Control of fiber alignment from a random fiber orientation at a normalized orientation index (NOI) 14.2 ± 6.9% to highly aligned fibers at a NOI of 85.1 ± 1.4%. was achieved through increasing mandrel rotational velocity. Fiber tortuosity and curvilinearity in the range of native valve features were introduced through a post-spinning annealing process and fiber collection on a conical mandrel geometry, respectively. Overall, these studies demonstrate the potential of hydrogel-polyurethane fiber composite as a heart valve material. Future studies will utilize the developed advanced electrospinning methodologies in combination with model-directed fabrication toward optimizing durability as a function of fiber microarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Abbey Nkansah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Sanchita Bhat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shweta Karnik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ashauntee Fairley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan Leung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Megan Wancura
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Michael S Sacks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- James T. Willerson Center for Cardiovascular Modeling and Simulation, The Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Lakshmi Prasad Dasi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Hardian R, Jia J, Diaz-Marquez A, Naskar S, Fan D, Shekhah O, Maurin G, Eddaoudi M, Szekely G. Design of Mixed-Matrix MOF Membranes with Asymmetric Filler Density and Intrinsic MOF/Polymer Compatibility for Enhanced Molecular Sieving. Adv Mater 2024:e2314206. [PMID: 38517323 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The separation of high-value-added chemicals from organic solvents is of prime importance for many industries but it is associated with a large energy consumption penalty. Suitably, membrane-based nanofiltration offers potential for a more energy-efficient separation than the conventional energy-intensive thermal processes. Conceivably, mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs), encompassing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as fillers, are poised to promote selective separation via molecular sieving, synergistically combining polymers flexibility and fine-tuned porosity of MOFs. Nevertheless, conventional direct mixing of MOFs with polymer solutions results in underutilization of the MOF fillers owing to their uniform cross-sectional distribution. Therefore, in this work, we propose a multizoning technique for the formation of MMMs with an asymmetric-filler density at the macroscale, in which the MOF fillers are distributed only on the surface of the membrane, and a seamless interface at the nanoscale. Our design strategy demonstrates five times higher MOF surface coverage, which results in a solvent permeance five times higher than that of conventional MMMs while maintaining high selectivity. Practically, MOFs are paired with polymers of similar chemical nature in order to enhance their adhesion without the need for additional surface modification. Our approach offers permanently accessible MOF porosity, which translates to effective molecular sieving, as exemplified by the polybenzimidazole and Zr-BI-fcu-MOF system. Our findings pave the way for the development of composite materials with a seamless interface. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifan Hardian
- Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Sustainable Separation Engineering Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiangtao Jia
- Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Functional Materials Design Discovery, and Development Laboratory (FMD3), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Supriyo Naskar
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Dong Fan
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Osama Shekhah
- Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Functional Materials Design Discovery, and Development Laboratory (FMD3), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guillaume Maurin
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Mohamed Eddaoudi
- Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Functional Materials Design Discovery, and Development Laboratory (FMD3), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Science Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gyorgy Szekely
- Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Sustainable Separation Engineering Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Metin DS, Schmidt F, Beuer F, Prause E, Ashurko I, Sarmadi BS, Unkovskiy A. Accuracy of the intaglio surface of 3D-printed hybrid resin-ceramic crowns, veneers and table-tops: an in vitro study. J Dent 2024:104960. [PMID: 38513937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aims to examine the influence of the build angle on the accuracy (trueness and precision) of 3D printed crowns, table-tops and veneers with a hybrid resin-ceramic material. METHODS One crown, on table-top and one veneer were printed in five different build angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°) (n = 50) with the digital light processing (DLP) system (Varseo XS, Bego) using hybrid resin (Varseo Smile Crownplus A3, Bego). All printed restorations were scanned using the laboratory scanner (D2000, 3Shape) and matched onto the initial reference design in metrology software (Geomagic Control X, 3D Systems). The root mean square error (RMSE) was calculated between the scanned and reference data. The data was statistically analyzed using the Tukey multiple comparison test and Wilcoxon multiple comparison test. RESULTS The crown group showed higher trueness at 30° (0.021 ± 0.002) and 45° (0.020 ± 0.002), and table-tops at 0° (0.015 ± 0.001) and 30° (0.014 ± 0.001) (p < 0.0001). Veneers demonstrated higher trueness at 30° (0.016 ± 0.002) (p < 0.0001). All three restoration types demonstrated the lowest trueness at a 90° build angle and portrayed deviations along the z axis. The veneer and table-top groups showed the lowest precision at 90° (veneers: 0.021 ± 0.008; table-tops: 0.013 ± 0.003). The crown group portrayed the lowest precision at 45° (0.017 ± 0.005) (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The build angle of DLP-printed hybrid resin-ceramic restorations influences their accuracy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Considering the build angle is important to achieve a better accuracy of 3D-printed resin-ceramic hybrid restorations. This may help predict or avoid the interference points between a restoration and a die and minimize the clinical adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Seda Metin
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Dental Materials and Biomaterial Research, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Aßmannshauser Str., 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Schmidt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Dental Materials and Biomaterial Research, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Aßmannshauser Str., 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Beuer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Dental Materials and Biomaterial Research, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Aßmannshauser Str., 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Prause
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Dental Materials and Biomaterial Research, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Aßmannshauser Str., 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor Ashurko
- Department of Dental Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, 19с1, Moscow, 119146, Russia
| | - Bardia Saadat Sarmadi
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Dental Materials and Biomaterial Research, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Aßmannshauser Str., 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexey Unkovskiy
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Dental Materials and Biomaterial Research, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Aßmannshauser Str., 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany; Department of Dental Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, 19с1, Moscow, 119146, Russia.
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4
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van Hugten PPW, Jeuken RM, Asik EE, Oevering H, Welting TJM, van Donkelaar CC, Thies JC, Emans PJ, Roth AK. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the osseointegration capacity of a polycarbonate-urethane zirconium-oxide composite material for application in a focal knee resurfacing implant. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024. [PMID: 38465895 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Currently available focal knee resurfacing implants (FKRIs) are fully or partially composed of metals, which show a large disparity in elastic modulus relative to bone and cartilage tissue. Although titanium is known for its excellent osseointegration, the application in FKRIs can lead to potential stress-shielding and metal implants can cause degeneration of the opposing articulating cartilage due to the high resulting contact stresses. Furthermore, metal implants do not allow for follow-up using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).To overcome the drawbacks of using metal based FKRIs, a biomimetic and MRI compatible bi-layered non-resorbable thermoplastic polycarbonate-urethane (PCU)-based FKRI was developed. The objective of this preclinical study was to evaluate the mechanical properties, biocompatibility and osteoconduction of a novel Bionate® 75D - zirconium oxide (B75D-ZrO2 ) composite material in vitro and the osseointegration of a B75D-ZrO2 composite stem PCU implant in a caprine animal model. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the B75D-ZrO2 composite were characterized through in vitro mechanical tests under ambient and physiological conditions. In vitro biocompatibility and osteoconductivity were evaluated by exposing human mesenchymal stem cells to the B75D-ZrO2 composite and culturing the cells under osteogenic conditions. Cell activity and mineralization were assessed and compared to Bionate® 75D (B75D) and titanium disks. The in vivo osseointegration of implants containing a B75D-ZrO2 stem was compared to implants with a B75D stem and titanium stem in a caprine large animal model. After a follow-up of 6 months, bone histomorphometry was performed to assess the bone-to-implant contact area (BIC). Mechanical testing showed that the B75D-ZrO2 composite material possesses an elastic modulus in the range of the elastic modulus reported for trabecular bone. The B75D-ZrO2 composite material facilitated cell mediated mineralization to a comparable extent as titanium. A significantly higher bone-to-implant contact (BIC) score was observed in the B75D-ZrO2 implants compared to the B75D implants. The BIC of B75D-ZrO2 implants was not significantly different compared to titanium implants. A biocompatible B75D-ZrO2 composite approximating the elastic modulus of trabecular bone was developed by compounding B75D with zirconium oxide. In vivo evaluation showed an significant increase of osseointegration for B75D-ZrO2 composite stem implants compared to B75D polymer stem PCU implants. The osseointegration of B75D-ZrO2 composite stem PCU implants was not significantly different in comparison to analogous titanium stem metal implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter P W van Hugten
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Joint Preservation Clinic, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph M Jeuken
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Joint Preservation Clinic, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Erkan E Asik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Avalanche Medical BV, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tim J M Welting
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Corrinus C van Donkelaar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter J Emans
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Joint Preservation Clinic, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Avalanche Medical BV, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alex K Roth
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Avalanche Medical BV, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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5
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Kumari A, Sharma S, Sengupta S. Molecular rotors of naphthalimide and benzodithiophene as effective solvent polarity probes, temperature sensors, and for g-C 3 N 4 sensitization. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38459693 DOI: 10.1111/php.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) molecular rotors have drawn substantial attention for their applications in monitoring temperature variations within cellular microenvironments, biomimetic photocatalysis, and bioimaging. In this study, we have synthesized two novel rotor molecules, NBN1 and NBN2, by incorporating benzodithiophene (BDT) as the donor core and naphthalic anhydride/naphthalimide (NA/NI) moieties as acceptors using Pd-catalyzed Stille coupling reactions. These molecules exhibited distinct charge transfer (CT) behavior in both their absorption and emission spectra and displayed prominent emission solvatochromism. Notably, NBN1 exhibited better CT properties among the two molecules. Moreover, these A-D-A molecular rotors demonstrated remarkable sensitivities of their emission spectra toward solvent polarities and temperatures. Rotors NBN1 and NBN2 showed positive temperature coefficients with internal temperature sensitivities of 0.34% °C-1 and 0.13% °C-1 in chloroform, respectively, and thus hold significant promise for detecting temperature variations in cellular microenvironment. Furthermore, we have modeled these molecules with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) to form composite systems and performed theoretical calculations to obtain valuable insights into their charge transfer behavior. Theoretical results suggested that these molecules have the potential to efficiently sensitize and modulate the band gap of g-C3 N4 and show potential for diverse photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kumari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Sushil Sharma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Sanchita Sengupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali, India
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6
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Sahoo NP, Franke PR, Stanton JF. On the performance of composite schemes in determining equilibrium molecular structures. J Comput Chem 2024. [PMID: 38450778 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Determination of equilibrium molecular structures is an essential ingredient in predicting spectroscopic parameters that help in identifying molecular carriers of microwave transitions. Here, the performance of two different ab initio composite approaches for obtaining equilibrium structures, "energy scheme" and "geometry scheme," is explored and compared to semi-experimental equilibrium structures. This study is performed for a set of 11 molecules which includes diatomics, linear triatomics, and a few non-linear molecules. The ab initio calculations were performed using three tiers of composite chemical recipes. The current results show that as the overall rigor of calculation is increased, the semi-experimental and the ab initio numbers agree to within 0.0003 Å for all molecules in the test set. The composite approach based on correcting the potential energy surface (energy scheme) and the one based on correcting the geometry directly (geometry scheme) show excellent agreement with each other. This work represents a step toward development of efficient and highly accurate procedures for computing ab initio equilibrium structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitai P Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesvillle, Florida, USA
| | - Peter R Franke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesvillle, Florida, USA
| | - John F Stanton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesvillle, Florida, USA
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7
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Syed I, Lima SA, Deb N, Al-mamun M, Hoque SM. Performance evaluation of dextran-coated CaFe 12O 19/MnFe 2O 4 exchange-spring composites for the self-heating properties at radio frequency field. Front Chem 2024; 12:1347113. [PMID: 38510813 PMCID: PMC10951998 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1347113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The CaFe12O19/MnFe2O4 composites with the hard (CaFe12O19) and soft (MnFe2O4) magnetic phases, were prepared by chemical co-precipitation method. The prepared composites were calcined at three different temperatures to form different phases. The structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of composite were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), room temperature vibrational sample magnetometer (VSM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The presence of the hard and soft phases has been confirmed without any secondary phase from XRD analysis, indicating the formation of composite. The crystallite size is found to be in the range of 24-44 nm calculated by Scherrer's formula. The TEM revealed hexagonal platelets of CaFe12O19 with spinel MnFe2O4 particles with an average particle size of 48 nm formed at the surface of the CaFe12O19/MnFe2O4 composite. The room temperature magnetic properties of composite were evaluated by employing VSM. The magnetic measurements have displayed enhancement in coercivity and magnetization for CaFe12O19/MnFe2O4, indicating that the composite possessed excellent exchange coupling. The composite's enhanced energy product ((BH)max) made it highly promising for biomedical applications such as hyperthermia. The exchange-spring coupled magnetic composite was coated with dextran to make it biocompatible, which is necessary for hyperthermia applications. The coating was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Cytotoxicity tests on Vero cell lines showed that the coated composites had an excellent (>95%) cell survival rate. The hyperthermia heating of composite was measured for different concentrations of composite (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg/mL) from which specific loss power (SLP) was calculated. From these SLP values, the optimized concentration was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaque Syed
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Physics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nandita Deb
- Department of Physics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M. Al-mamun
- Materials Science Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Milikić J, Savić M, Janošević Ležaić A, Šljukić B, Ćirić-Marjanović G. Electrochemical Sensing of Cadmium and Lead Ions in Water by MOF-5/PANI Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:683. [PMID: 38475366 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
For the first time, composites of metal-organic framework MOF-5 and conjugated polymer polyaniline (PANI), (MOF-5/PANI), prepared using PANI in its conducting (emeraldine salt, ES) or nonconducting form (emeraldine base, EB) at various MOF-5 and PANI mass ratios, were evaluated as electrode materials for the electrochemical detection of cadmium (Cd2+) and lead (Pb2+) ions in aqueous solutions. Testing of individual components of composites, PANI-ES, PANI-EB, and MOF-5, was also performed for comparison. Materials are characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), and their electrochemical behavior was discussed in terms of their zeta potential, structural, morphology, and textural properties. All examined composites showed high electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of Cd and Pb to Cd2+ and Pb2+, respectively. The MOF/EB-1 composite (71.0 wt.% MOF-5) gave the highest oxidation currents during both individual and simultaneous detection of two heavy metal ions. Current densities recorded with MOF/EB-1 were also higher than those of its individual components, reflecting the synergistic effect where MOF-5 offers high surface area for two heavy metals adsorption and PANI offers a network for electron transfer during metals' subsequent oxidation. Limits of detection using MOF/EB-1 electrode for Cd2+ and Pb2+ sensing were found to be as low as 0.077 ppm and 0.033 ppm, respectively. Moreover, the well-defined and intense peaks of Cd oxidation to Cd2+ and somewhat lower peaks of Pb oxidation to Pb2+ were observed at voltammograms obtained for the Danube River as a real sample with no pretreatment, which implies that herein tested MOF-5/PANI electrodes could be used as electrochemical sensors for the detection of heavy metal ions in the real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadranka Milikić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marjetka Savić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Science, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Biljana Šljukić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Ćirić-Marjanović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
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9
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Vascelli L, Iacomini S, Berardo F, Cavallini F. Using Precision Teaching to Evaluate the Effects of Tact Training on Intraverbals Relations. Behav Anal Pract 2024; 17:332-337. [PMID: 38405278 PMCID: PMC10890984 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-023-00859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Interventions involving precision teaching (PT) and fluency-based instruction may promote the acquisition of intraverbal repertoires. We examined the effects of tact fluency training on the emergence of untrained intraverbal component-composite relations for three participants with autism and mild to moderate intellectual disability. We used a multiple-probes across participants design across the three participants, with additional replication across thematic clusters for one participant. The results suggest a relation between tact fluency training and the emergence of untrained intraverbal responses may exist. All participants learned to name items in a category without a nonverbal discriminative stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Vascelli
- TICE Live and Learn, Via Guglielmo de Meis 25, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Silvia Iacomini
- TICE Live and Learn, Via Guglielmo de Meis 25, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Cavallini
- TICE Live and Learn, Via Guglielmo de Meis 25, Piacenza, Italy
- Department of Humanistic, Social Sciences and Cultural Enterprises, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Wu Z, Liu X, Ma C, Du M, Ding X, Xiang C. Polymer Additives with Gas Barrier and Anti-Aging Properties Made from Asphaltenes via Supercritical Ethanol. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2307619. [PMID: 38088526 PMCID: PMC10916603 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Asphaltene is often regarded as an undesirable by-product of petroleum processing, possesses vast reserves with little market value. The typical routes of consuming asphaltene, namely burning and landfilling, pose significant environmental challenges. In this study, low-value asphaltene is converted into high-value ethylated carbon clusters (ECC) using a supercritical ethanol technique. The resulting ECC powder demonstrates promising properties for high density polyethylene (HDPE) composite applications. The effects of incorporating ECC on the mechanical, gas barrier, and anti-aging properties of the composite are investigated. Results show that a 1 wt.% ECC led to a 4.2% and 43.5% increase in tensile strength and elongation at break, a reduction of 45.8% and 30.7% in oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability. Furthermore, ECC exhibits effective UV spectrum absorption and conversion in the wavelength range of 400-600 nm, providing protection against UV spectrum damage to HDPE. The incorporation of ECC not only enhances the properties of polymer composites but also sequesters carbon within the polymer matrix, enabling the valorization of asphaltene while mitigating environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong University28 West Xianning RoadXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Xiangbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong University28 West Xianning RoadXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong University28 West Xianning RoadXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Mingjin Du
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong University28 West Xianning RoadXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong University28 West Xianning RoadXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Changsheng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong University28 West Xianning RoadXi'anShaanxi710049China
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11
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Hangai Y, Yamazaki R, Suzuki T, Yoshikawa N. Fabrication of Composite Material by Directly Printing Resin on Aluminum Foam by 3D Printer. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1124. [PMID: 38473593 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum foam has relatively low tensile and flexural strengths because it is composed of many pores with thin cell walls. One method of strengthening aluminum foam is to fabricate a composite material with a dense lightweight resin. In this study, the fabrication of composite materials by directly printing resin on an aluminum foam surface using a 3D printer was attempted. The resin was directly printed on both heated and unheated aluminum foam. It was shown that composite materials consisting of aluminum foam and resin can be fabricated by directly printing resin with a 3D printer on both heated and unheated aluminum foam. The resin was softened during the printing process in the case of directly printed resin on heated aluminum foam, allowing more resin to penetrate into the pores than in the case of directly printed resin on unheated aluminum foam. In addition, it was shown that resin can be directly printed on the aluminum foam with a high bonding strength, as a large amount of resin penetrated into the pores, resulting in an anchor effect. That is, composite materials consisting of aluminum foam and arbitrary-shaped resin with relatively high bonding strength can be fabricated when a large amount of resin is allowed to penetrate into the pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Hangai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Reiji Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Takaaki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yoshikawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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12
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Ling AS, Hay EH. The effects of genotype-by-environment interactions on body condition score across three winter supplemental feed environments in a composite beef cattle breed in Montana. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae024. [PMID: 38525299 PMCID: PMC10959479 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cattle operations in the Northern Great Plains region of the United States face extreme cold weather conditions and require nutritional supplementation over the winter season in order for animals to maintain body condition. In cow-calf operations, body condition scores (BCS) measured at calving and breeding have been shown to be associated with several economically important health and fertility traits, so maintenance of BCS is both an animal welfare and economic concern. A low-to-medium heritability has been found for BCS when measured across various production stages, indicating a large environmental influence but sufficient genetic basis for selection. The present study evaluated BCS measured prior to calving (late winter) and breeding (early summer) under three winter supplementation environments in a multitrait linear mixed model. Traits were discretized by winter supplementation and genetic correlations between environments were considered a reflection of evidence for genotype-by-environment interactions between BCS and diet. Winter supplementation treatments were fed October through April and varied by range access and protein content: 1) feedlot environment with approximately 15% crude protein (CP) corn/silage diet, 2) native rangeland access with 1.8 kg of an 18% CP pellet supplement, and 3) native rangeland access with a self-fed 50% CP and mineral supplement. A total of 2,988 and 2,353 records were collected across multiple parities on 1,010 and 800 individuals for prebreeding and precalving BCS, respectively. Heifers and cows came from a composite beef cattle breed developed and maintained by the USDA Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory near Miles City, Montana. Genetic correlations between treatments 1 and 2, 1 and 3, and 2 and 3 were 0.98, 0.78, and 0.65 and 1.00, 0.98, and 0.99 for precalving and prebreeding BCS, respectively. This provides moderate evidence of genotype-by-environment interactions for precalving BCS under treatment 3 relative to treatments 1 and 2, but no evidence for genotype-by-environment interactions for prebreeding BCS. Treatment 3 differed substantially in CP content relative to treatments 1 and 2, indicating that some animals differ in their ability to maintain BCS up to spring calving across a protein gradient. These results indicate the potential for selection of animals with increased resilience under cold weather conditions and high protein, restricted energy diets to maintain BCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S Ling
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Miles City, MT 59301, USA
| | - El Hamidi Hay
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Miles City, MT 59301, USA
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13
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Beierlein G, Haas L, Hahnel S, Schmidt M, Rosentritt M. Influence of cement type, excess removal, and polishing on the cement joint. Quintessence Int 2024; 55:98-105. [PMID: 38108419 DOI: 10.3290/j.qi.b4780239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare marginal gap width and depth with different cementation systems, excess removal, and after polishing. METHOD AND MATERIALS In total, 80 composite crowns were milled, divided into ten groups, and cemented on identical artificial teeth. Eight crowns per group were fixed with (i) zinc phosphate cement (ZnOPh), (ii) glass-ionomer cement (GIC), (iii) resin-reinforced glass-ionomer cement (GIC mod), (iv) dual-curing adhesive composite (Comp dual), or (v) dual-curing self-adhesive composite (Comp SE dual). Excess removal was performed with a scaler after brief light-cure (tack-cure), final light-cure, during rubber or gel phase or by wiping with foam pellet. Curing was completed in chemical, dark cure, or light-curing modus. The specimens were polished and stored in water (37°C). The margins were digitized using a 3D laser-scanning microscope (VK-X100 series, Keyence). The width and the depth of the marginal gap were measured at 10 points between the crown margin and the preparation margin. RESULTS The width after excess removal varied between 65.1 ± 15.7 µm (Comp dual, wipe, with polishing) and 208.6 ± 266.7 µm (Comp SE dual, dark cure, without polishing). The depth varied between 29.8 ± 22.2 µm (Comp dual, wipe, with polishing) and 89.5 ± 45.2 µm (Comp SE dual, dark cure, without polishing). The impact on gap width and depth was detected for fixation material, excess removal, and polishing. CONCLUSION The gap depth and width depend on the luting material and the mode of access removal. Polishing can improve the gap quality, especially for GIC and resin-based systems.
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14
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Onuki S, Kawai Y, Masunaga H, Ohta N, Kikuchi R, Ashizawa M, Nabae Y, Matsumoto H. All-Perfluorosulfonated-Ionomer Composite Membranes Containing Blow-Spun Fibers: Effect of a Thin Fiber Framework on Proton Conductivity and Mechanical Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:10682-10691. [PMID: 38381136 PMCID: PMC10910440 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, thin fiber composite polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) were prepared using short side-chain perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomers, Aquivion, to create composite PEMs with improved proton conductivity and improved mechanical properties. PFSA thin fiber webs prepared by blow spinning and successive hot pressing were used as the porous substrate. Herein, PFSA ionomers were used for both the substrate and the matrix of the composite PEMs, and their structures, properties, and fuel cell performance were characterized. By adding the PFSA thin fiber webs to the matrix, the proton conductivity was enhanced and the mechanical properties were slightly improved. The prepared PFSA thin fiber composite PEM showed better FC performance than that of the pristine PFSA one for the high-temperature low-humidity condition in addition to the low-temperature high-humidity one. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the all PFSA composite membranes containing a PFSA thin fiber framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuta Onuki
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawai
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Masunaga
- Japan
Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Noboru Ohta
- Japan
Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kikuchi
- Materials
Analysis Division, Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Minoru Ashizawa
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yuta Nabae
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Matsumoto
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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15
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Patel P, Chung J, Bowman MA, Ulusoy I, Wilson AK. Potential energy surfaces and dynamic properties via ab initio composite and density functional approaches. J Comput Chem 2024. [PMID: 38376255 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopy enables critical insight into the structural and dynamic properties of molecules. Presently, the majority of theoretical approaches to spectroscopy employ wavefunction-based ab initio or density functional methods that rely on the harmonic approximation. This approximation breaks down for large molecules with strongly anharmonic bonds or for molecules with large internuclear separations. An alternative to these methods involves generating molecular anharmonic potential energy surfaces (potentials) and using them to extrapolate the vibrational frequencies. This study examines the efficacy of density functional theory (DFT) and the correlation consistent Composite Approach (ccCA) in generating anharmonic frequencies from potentials of small main group molecules. Vibrational self-consistent field Theory (VSCF) and post-VSCF methods were used to calculate the fundamental frequencies of these molecules from their potentials. Functional choice, basis set selection, and mode-coupling are also examined as factors in influencing accuracy. The absolute deviations for the calculated frequencies using potentials at the ccCA level of theory were lower than the potentials at the DFT level. With DFT resulting in bending modes that are better described than those of ccCA, a multilevel DFT:ccCA approach where DFT potentials are used for single vibrational mode potentials and ccCA is used for vibrational mode-mode couplings can be utilized for larger polyatomic systems. The frequencies obtained with this multilevel approach using VCIPSI-PT2 were closer to experimental frequencies than the scaled harmonic frequencies, indicating the success of utilizing post-VSCF methods to generate more accurate representations of computed infrared spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajay Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Chemistry Department, University of Dallas, Irving, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Max Aksel Bowman
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Inga Ulusoy
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Scientific Software Center, Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela K Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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16
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Dederichs M, Badr Z, Viebranz S, Schroeter S, Hennig CL, Schmelzer AS, Guentsch A. Effect of Different Primers on Shear Bond Strength of Base Metal Alloys and Zirconia Frameworks. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:572. [PMID: 38475255 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ensuring a secure bond between a framework structure and layering composite resin veneer is essential for a long-lasting dental restoration. A variety of primer systems are available to facilitate the adhesive bonding. Nevertheless, the growing preference for efficiency and simplicity in dentistry has made the one-bottle universal primers a desirable option. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of universal primers on the shear bond strength (SBS) of base metal alloy (BMA) and zirconia to layering composite resin. Each 160 BMA and zirconia 20 × 10 × 5 mm test specimen was fabricated. Eight different primers (SunCera Metal Primer, Metal Primer Z, Reliance Metal Primer, Alloy Primer, MKZ Primer, Monobond Plus, ArtPrime Plus, and Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus) were applied to 20 specimens in each group. Subsequently, a 5 × 2 mm composite resin build-up was applied. SBS tests were performed after 24 h of water storage and after thermocycling (25,000 cycles, 5-55 °C). On BMA, after water storage for 24 h, the bond strength values ranged from 26.53 ± 3.28 MPa (Metal Primer Z) to 29.72 ± 2.00 MPa (MKZ Primer), while after thermocycling, bond strength values ranged from 25.19 ± 1.73 MPa (MKZ Primer) to 27.69 ± 2.37 MPa (Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus). On a zirconia base, after 24 h, the bond strengths values ranged from 22.63 ± 2.28 MPa (Reliance Primer) to 29.96 ± 2.37 MPa (MKZ Primer) and from 23.77 ± 3.86 MPa (Metal Primer Z) to 28.88 ± 3.09 MPa (Monobond Plus) after thermocycling. While no significant difference in bond strength was found between the primers on the BMA base, five primer combinations differed significantly from each other on zirconia (p = 0.002-0.043). All primers achieved a bond strength greater than 23 MPa on both framework materials after thermocycling. Thus, all primers tested can be applied to both framework materials with comparable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dederichs
- Policlinic of Prosthetic Dentistry and Material Science, Center for Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Zaid Badr
- Technological Innovation Center, Department of General Dental Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
| | - Stephanie Viebranz
- Policlinic of Prosthetic Dentistry and Material Science, Center for Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Steffen Schroeter
- Policlinic of Prosthetic Dentistry and Material Science, Center for Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph-Ludwig Hennig
- Department of Orthodontics, Center for Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Schmelzer
- Policlinic of Prosthetic Dentistry and Material Science, Center for Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Arndt Guentsch
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
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17
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Cheng X, Wang C, Chen S, Zhang L, Liu Z, Zhang W. Preparation of MoS 2@PDA-Modified Polyimide Films with High Mechanical Performance and Improved Electrical Insulation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:546. [PMID: 38399923 PMCID: PMC10893148 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyimide (PI) has been widely used in cable insulation, thermal insulation, wind power protection, and other fields due to its high chemical stability and excellent electrical insulation and mechanical properties. In this research, a modified PI composite film (MoS2@PDA/PI) was obtained by using polydopamine (PDA)-coated molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as a filler. The low interlayer friction characteristics and high elastic modulus of MoS2 provide a theoretical basis for enhancing the flexible mechanical properties of the PI matrix. The formation of a cross-linking structure between a large number of active sites on the surface of the PDA and the PI molecular chain can effectively enhance the breakdown field strength of the film. Consequently, the tensile strength of the final sample MoS2@PDA/PI film increased by 44.7% in comparison with pure PI film, and the breakdown voltage strength reached 1.23 times that of the original film. It can be seen that the strategy of utilizing two-dimensional (2D) MoS2@PDA nanosheets filled with PI provides a new modification idea to enhance the mechanical and electrical insulation properties of PI films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Cheng
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.C.); (C.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.)
- He’nan Engineering Research Center of Power Transmission and Distribution Equipment and Electrical Insulation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.C.); (C.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.)
- He’nan Engineering Research Center of Power Transmission and Distribution Equipment and Electrical Insulation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.C.); (C.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.)
- He’nan Engineering Research Center of Power Transmission and Distribution Equipment and Electrical Insulation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Leyuan Zhang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.C.); (C.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.)
- He’nan Engineering Research Center of Power Transmission and Distribution Equipment and Electrical Insulation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.C.); (C.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.)
- He’nan Engineering Research Center of Power Transmission and Distribution Equipment and Electrical Insulation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.C.); (C.W.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (W.Z.)
- He’nan Engineering Research Center of Power Transmission and Distribution Equipment and Electrical Insulation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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18
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Hangai Y, Takagi T, Goto Y, Amagai K. Fabrication of Two-Layer Aluminum Foam Consisting of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys Using Optical Heating. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:894. [PMID: 38399143 PMCID: PMC10890207 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum foam is a lightweight material and has excellent shock-absorbing properties. Various properties of aluminum foam can be obtained by changing the base aluminum alloy. Multi-layer aluminum foam can be fabricated by varying the alloy type of the base aluminum alloy, but with different foaming temperatures, within a single aluminum foam to achieve multiple properties. In this study, we attempted to fabricate a two-layer aluminum foam with the upper layer of a commercially pure aluminum A1050 foam and the lower layer of an Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy ADC12 foam by using an optical heating device that can heat from both the upper and lower sides. Two types of heating methods were investigated. One is to directly stack the A1050 precursor coated with black toner on top of the ADC12 precursor and to foam it from the top and bottom by optical heating. The other is to place a wire mesh between the ADC12 precursor and the A1050 precursor and place the A1050 precursor on the wire mesh, thereby creating a space between the precursors, which is then foamed by optical heating from the top and bottom. It was shown that both precursors can be foamed and joined, and a two-layer A1050/ADC12 foam can be fabricated for both types of heating methods. In the method in which two precursors were stacked and foamed, even if the light intensity of the halogen lamps on the top and bottom were adjusted, heat conduction occurred between the stacked precursors, and the foaming of each precursor could not be controlled, resulting in tilting of the joining interface. In the method of foaming using a wire mesh with a gap between two precursors, it was found that by adjusting the light intensity, the two precursors can be foamed almost simultaneously and achieve similar pore structures. The joining interface can also be maintained horizontally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Hangai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
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19
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Ali S, Dayo M, Alahmadi S, Mohamed A. Chitosan-Supported ZnO Nanoparticles: Their Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for the Removal of Pyridoxine HCl (Vitamin B6) from Aqueous Media. Molecules 2024; 29:828. [PMID: 38398580 PMCID: PMC10892826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A composite of chitosan-supported ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO/CS) was green-synthesized via an easy and cost-effective method using Chicory (Cichorium intybus) plant extract. The synthesis was confirmed using uv-vis spectrometry at a λmax of 380 nm, and the surface of the material was characterized via FT-IR spectroscopy, and finally via SEM, which confirmed the distribution of ZnO nanoparticles on the surface of chitosan biopolymer (CS). The synthesized material was applied in the adsorptive removal of residues of the pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6) pharmaceutical drug from aqueous media using the batch technique. The material's removal capacity was studied through several adjustable parameters including pH, contact time, the dose of the adsorbent, and the capacity for drug adsorption under the optimal conditions. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied to describe the adsorption process. The removal was found to obey the Freundlich model, which refers to a chemisorption process. Different kinetic models were also studied for the removal process and showed that the pseudo-second-order model was more fitted, which indicates that the removal was a chemisorption process. Thermodynamic studies were also carried out. The maximum removal of vitamin B6 by the nano-ZnO/CS composite was found to be 75% at optimal conditions. The results were compared to other reported adsorbents. Reusability tests showed that the nano-ZnO/CS composite can be efficiently reused up to seven times for the removal of PDX drugs from aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Ali
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia (S.A.)
- The National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Marwa Dayo
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia (S.A.)
| | - Sana Alahmadi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia (S.A.)
| | - Amr Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia (S.A.)
- The Higher Institute of Optics Technology (HIOT), Heliopolis, Cairo 17361, Egypt
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20
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Jeon SW, Kim J, Yoon YJ, Yang S, Yang DC, Kim SK, Kim TH. Form Factor-Free Boron Nitride Nanotube-Agarose Composites for Neutron Shielding. Nano Lett 2024; 24:1522-1530. [PMID: 38147533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) have remarkable mechanical and thermal properties and are suitable for neutron shielding due to boron. Because BNNTs exist in bundled and stiff shapes, limiting their practical applications, however, it is essential to improve their formability and processability. In this study, we demonstrate form-factor-free BNNTs and agarose composites for use in neutron shielding for the first time; they are fabricated by mixing hydrophilic agarose with noncovalently functionalized water-soluble BNNTs (p-BNNTs). The mechanical properties of the agarose/p-BNNT composite films surpass those of conventional commodity plastics. When the p-BNNT concentration increased, the neutron linear attenuation coefficient of the composite film increases from 0.574 ± 0.010 to 0.765 ± 0.062 mm-1, which is comparable to that of conventional rigid shielding materials. In particular, the addition of 10 wt % p-BNNTs to agarose results in excellent form-factor flexibility, neutron shielding, and mechanical properties, thus rendering it a promising candidate for the nuclear industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Woo Jeon
- Department of Applied Plasma & Quantum Beam Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Advanced Nuclear Interdisciplinary Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Yoon
- Department of Applied Plasma & Quantum Beam Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Advanced Nuclear Interdisciplinary Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Chul Yang
- Department of Applied Plasma & Quantum Beam Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Advanced Nuclear Interdisciplinary Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kon Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Applied Plasma & Quantum Beam Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Advanced Nuclear Interdisciplinary Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Quantum System Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- High-Enthalphy Plasma Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 546 Bongdong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55317, Republic of Korea
- Department of JBNU-KIST Industry-Academia Convergence Research, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
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Paulauskiene T, Sirtaute E, Tadzijevas A, Uebe J. Mechanical Properties of Cellulose Aerogel Composites with and without Crude Oil Filling. Gels 2024; 10:135. [PMID: 38391465 PMCID: PMC10887649 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aerogels are an excellent alternative to traditional oil absorbents and are designed to remove oil or organic solvents from water. Cellulose-based aerogels can be distinguished as polymers that are non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable. The compression measurement properties of aerogels are often evaluated using dry samples. Here, oil-soaked, hydrophobized cellulose aerogel samples were examined in comparison to dry samples with and without additional hemp fibers and various levels of starch for crosslinking. The samples were characterized by compression measurement properties and filmed to evaluate the regeneration of the sorbent with repeated use. Overall, the measurements of the mechanical properties for the dry samples showed good reproducibility. The Young's modulus of samples with additional hemp fibers is significantly increased and also shows higher strength than samples without hemp fibers. However, samples without hemp fibers showed slightly better relaxation after compression. Oil acts as a weak plasticizer for all aerogel samples. However, it is important to note that the oil does not cause the samples to decompose in the way unmodified cellulose aerogels do in water. Therefore, using hydrophobized cellulose aerogels as sorbents for oil in a sea or harbor with swell means that they can be collected in their entirety even after use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Paulauskiene
- Engineering Department, Faculty of Marine Technology and Natural Sciences, Klaipeda University, H. Manto 84, 92294 Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Egle Sirtaute
- Engineering Department, Faculty of Marine Technology and Natural Sciences, Klaipeda University, H. Manto 84, 92294 Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Arturas Tadzijevas
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University, H. Manto 84, 92294 Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Jochen Uebe
- Engineering Department, Faculty of Marine Technology and Natural Sciences, Klaipeda University, H. Manto 84, 92294 Klaipeda, Lithuania
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22
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Itu C, Scutaru ML, Vlase S. Elastic Constants of Polymeric Fiber Composite Estimation Using Finite Element Method. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:354. [PMID: 38337243 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Determining the properties of composite materials (knowing the properties of the component phases) is a primary objective in the design phase. Numerous methods have been developed to determine the elastic constants of a composite material. All these methods are laborious and require significant computing time. It is possible to make experimental measurements, but these too are expensive and time-consuming. In order to have a quick estimate of the value of the engineering constants of a new composite material (in our study a polymeric matrix reinforced with carbon fibers), this paper proposes a quick method for determining the homogenized material constants, using the finite element method (FEM). For this, the eigenfrequencies of a beam specimen manufactured by the studied composite material will be computed using FEM. The model will consider both phases of the composite, with the geometry and real size. The mechanical properties of the constituent's material phases are known. With the help of this model, the torsional, longitudinal and transverse vibrations of the beam are studied. Based on the eigenvalues obtained by this calculation, it now is possible to quickly estimate the values of homogenized material constants required in the design. An example for a fiber-reinforced polymer composite material is provided in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calin Itu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Transylvania University of Brasov, B-dul Eroilor 29, 500036 Brasov, Romania
| | - Maria Luminita Scutaru
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Transylvania University of Brasov, B-dul Eroilor 29, 500036 Brasov, Romania
| | - Sorin Vlase
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Transylvania University of Brasov, B-dul Eroilor 29, 500036 Brasov, Romania
- Technical Sciences Academy of Romania, B-dul Dacia 26, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
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23
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Sameni HR, Arab S, Doostmohammadi N, Bahraminasab M. Effect of calcium phosphate/bovine serum albumin coated Al 2O 3-Ti bio composites on osteoblast response. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2024; 0:bmt-2023-0123. [PMID: 38258440 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2023-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The biological performance of aluminum oxide-titanium (Al2O3-Ti) composites requires special attention to achieve improved osteoblastic differentiation, and subsequent osseointegration/strong anchorage with the surrounding bone. Therefore, the aim of this study was to improve them by providing calcium phosphate (Ca-P)/bovine serum albumin (BSA) coating on their surfaces. METHODS Ca-P)/BSA coatings were prepared on the surfaces of 75vol.%Ti composites (75Ti-BSA) and pure Ti (100Ti-BSA as a control). The surface characteristics, phase analysis, micro-hardness, BSA release profile and biological responses including cytotoxicity, cell viability, differentiation, mineralization, and cell adhesion were evaluated. RESULTS The results showed that lower cytotoxicity% and higher mitochondrial activity or viability % were associated with the samples with Ca-P/BSA coatings (particularly 75Ti-BSA having 21.3% cytotoxicity, 111.4% and 288.6% viability at day 1 and 7, respectively). Furthermore, the Ca-P/BSA coating could highly enhance the differentiation of pre-osteoblast cells into osteoblasts in 75Ti-BSA group (ALP concentration of 4.8 ng/ml). However, its influence on cell differentiation in 100Ti-BSA group was negligible. Similar results were also obtained from mineralization assay. The results on cell adhesion revealed that the Ca-P/BSA coated samples differently interacted with MC3T3-E1 cells; enlarged flat cells on 75Ti-BSA vs more spindle-shaped cells on 100Ti-BSA. CONCLUSIONS Ca-P/BSA coated Al2O3-Ti provided promising biological performance, superior to that of uncoated composites. Therefore, they have the potential to improve implant osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Sameni
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Arab
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Nesa Doostmohammadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Marjan Bahraminasab
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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24
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Liu G, Wang H, Ren T, Chen Y, Liu S. Systematic Investigation of the Degradation Properties of Nitrile-Butadiene Rubber/Polyamide Elastomer/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites in Thermo-Oxidative and Hot Oil Environments. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:226. [PMID: 38257025 PMCID: PMC10820770 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The physical blending method was used in order to prepare nitrile-butadiene rubber/polyamide elastomer/single-walled carbon nanotube (NBR/PAE/SWCNT) composites with better thermal-oxidative aging resistance. The interactions between SWCNTs and NBR/PAE were characterized using the Moving Die Rheometer 2000 (MDR 2000), rheological behavior tests, the equilibrium swelling method, and mechanical property tests. The 100% constant tensile stress and hardness of NBR/PAE/SWCNT composites increased from 2.59 MPa to 4.14 MPa and from 62 Shore A to 69 Shore A, respectively, and the elongation decreased from 421% to 355% with increasing SWCNT content. NBR/PAE/SWCNT composites had improved thermal-oxidative aging resistance due to better interactions between SWCNTs and NBR/PAE. During the aging process, the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with the increase in aging time compared to the unaged samples, and the constant tensile stress gradually increased. There was a more significant difference in the degradation of mechanical properties when aged in a variety of oils. The 100% constant tensile stress of NBR/PAE/SWCNT composites aged in IRM 903 gradually increased with aging time while it gradually decreased in biodiesel. The swelling index gradually increased with increasing SWCNT content. Interestingly, the swelling index of the composites in cyclohexanone decreased with the increase in SWCNT content. The reasons leading to different swelling behaviors when immersed in different kinds of liquids were investigated using the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) method, which provides an excellent guide for the application of some oil-resistant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (G.L.); (H.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Huiyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (G.L.); (H.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Tianli Ren
- Mississippi Polymer Institute, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA;
| | - Yuwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (G.L.); (H.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Susu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (G.L.); (H.W.); (Y.C.)
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Tunlayadechanont P, Tunlayadechanont P, Sriudomporn N, Wisetsathon P, Duangthip D, Jirarattanasopha V. Association between dental restorations and artefacts on head magnetic resonance images in paediatric patients. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024. [PMID: 38195814 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important diagnostic tool for paediatric patients. The association between dental restorations and MRI artefacts/distortions, however, is unclear. AIM To investigate the association between dental restorations and artefacts in head MRI in children. DESIGN This retrospective analysis included patients who underwent head MRI and dental examination at Ramathibodi Hospital from January 2015 to March 2021. From dental records and dental radiographs, a dentist reviewed the amount and type of restorative materials used. Two radiologists examined the MRI scans in five sequences for the presence of distortions and quantified the magnitude and grading of any artefacts. RESULTS Ninety-four patients aged 3-15 years were included. Twenty-four patients who received preformed metal crowns (PMCs) had MRI distortions. Subjects with no restorations or with tooth-coloured material or amalgam restorations or both did not exhibit distortions. The number of PMCs was related to the size of an artefact. Almost all distortions were confined to the oral cavity and maxillary sinus and did not affect the diagnostic brain area. CONCLUSION Among the commonly used dental restorative materials for children, only PMCs were associated with artefacts on head MRI scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchaya Tunlayadechanont
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Dental Division, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Padcha Tunlayadechanont
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nantana Sriudomporn
- Dental Division, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ploy Wisetsathon
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Tomczak D, Borysiak S, Kuczko W, Nowicka AB, Osmałek T, Strzemiecka B, Wichniarek R. Photopolymer-Based Composite with Substance Release Capability Manufactured Additively with DLP Method. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:322. [PMID: 38255490 PMCID: PMC10821297 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In this study, caffeine-loaded photoresin composites with homogeneous structures, suitable for additive manufacturing of transdermal microneedle systems, were obtained. The properties of the composites with varying caffeine concentrations (0.1-0.4% w/w) were investigated for carbon-carbon double bond conversion using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, surface wettability and mechanical properties using a static tensile test and nanoindentation, and caffeine release in ethanol using UV-Vis. The caffeine concentration did not affect the final degree of double bond conversion, which was confirmed in tensile tests, where the strength and Young's modulus of caffeine-loaded samples had comparable values to control ones. Samples with 0.1 and 0.2% caffeine content showed an increase in nanohardness and reduced elastic modulus of 50 MPa and 1.5 MPa, respectively. The good wettability of the samples with water and the increase in surface energy is a favorable aspect for the dedicated application of the obtained composite materials. The amount of caffeine released into the ethanol solution at 1, 3 and 7 days reached a maximum value of 81%, was higher for the lower concentration of caffeine in the sample and increased over time. The conducted research may enhance the potential application of composite materials obtained through the digital light processing method in additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Tomczak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland (S.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Sławomir Borysiak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland (S.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Wiesław Kuczko
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Ariadna B. Nowicka
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Osmałek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Beata Strzemiecka
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland (S.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Radosław Wichniarek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland;
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Kuppusamy M, Kim SW, Lee KP, Jo YJ, Kim WJ. Development of TiO 2-CaCO 3 Based Composites as an Affordable Building Material for the Photocatalytic Abatement of Hazardous NO x from the Environment. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:136. [PMID: 38251101 PMCID: PMC10819092 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the depollution activity of a photocatalytic cementitious composite comprising various compositions of n-TiO2 and CaCO3. The photocatalytic activity of the CaCO3-TiO2 composite material is assessed for the aqueous photodegradation efficiency of MB dye solution and NOx under UV light exposure. The catalyst CaCO3-TiO2 exhibits the importance of an optimal balance between CaCO3 and n-TiO2 for the highest NOx removal of 60% and MB dye removal of 74.6%. The observed trends in the photodegradation of NOx removal efficiencies suggest a complex interplay between CaCO3 and TiO2 content in the CaCO3-n-TiO2 composite catalysts. This pollutant removal efficiency is attributed to the synergistic effect between CaCO3 and n-TiO2, where a higher percentage of n-TiO2 appeared to enhance the photocatalytic activity. It is recommended that CaCO3-TiO2 photocatalysts are effectiveness in water and air purification, as well as for being cost-effective construction materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Kuppusamy
- GOONWORLD Corporate Research Institute, Dong-gu, Daegu 41065, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (K.-P.L.)
| | - Sun-Woo Kim
- Department of Chemistry Education, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kwang-Pill Lee
- GOONWORLD Corporate Research Institute, Dong-gu, Daegu 41065, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (K.-P.L.)
| | - Young Jin Jo
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Daegu 42994, Republic of Korea;
| | - Wha-Jung Kim
- GOONWORLD Corporate Research Institute, Dong-gu, Daegu 41065, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (K.-P.L.)
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Yao D, Xie X, Liang X, Lu S, Lai H. Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green by Titanium Dioxide/Covalent Organic Framework Composite: Characterization, Performance and Mechanism. ChemistryOpen 2024:e202300209. [PMID: 38180162 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a titanium dioxide/covalent organic framework (TiO2 /COF) composite was prepared and its photocatalytic removal of dye was investigated. Using tetrabutyl titanate as a titanium source, TiO2 nanomaterial was prepared by sol-gel method. In the presence of TiO2 , TiO2 /COF core-shell composite was prepared by solvothermal synthesis using melamine and 1,4-phthalaldehyde as ligands. The prepared materials are characterized by SEM, TEM, XPS, XRD, TG, FTIR, BET, EPR, PL, and UV-Vis-DRS techniques. Using malachite green as a model of dye wastewater, the photocatalytic degradation performance of TiO2 /COF composites was investigated under the irradiation of ultraviolet light. The results show that the modification of COF significantly improves the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 , the degradation rate increases from 69.77 % to 93.64 %, and the reaction rate constant of the first-order kinetic equation is increased from 0.0078 min-1 to 0.0192 min-1 . Based on the free radical capture experiment, the photocatalytic degradation mechanism of TiO2 /COF was discussed, and the feasibility of its photocatalytic degradation of malachite green was theoretically clarified. Accordingly, a simple and practical method for photocatalytic degradation of malachite green was constructed, which has potential application value in the degradation of dye wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi, 546300, China
- Guangxi Colleges Universities Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, Hechi University, Hechi, 546300, China
| | - Xiaoting Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi, 546300, China
- Guangxi Colleges Universities Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, Hechi University, Hechi, 546300, China
| | - Xuling Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi, 546300, China
- Guangxi Colleges Universities Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, Hechi University, Hechi, 546300, China
| | - Sufen Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi, 546300, China
- Guangxi Colleges Universities Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, Hechi University, Hechi, 546300, China
| | - Hongfang Lai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi, 546300, China
- Guangxi Colleges Universities Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, Hechi University, Hechi, 546300, China
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Liu Y, Fan J, Yao F, Gao X, Zhao Y, Liu B, Dong X, Li Y. Epoxy-Acrylic Polymer In-Situ Filling Cell Lumen and Bonding Cell Wall for Wood Reinforcement and Stabilization. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:152. [PMID: 38201817 PMCID: PMC10780777 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Under a global carbon-neutralizing environment, renewable wood is a viable alternative to non-renewable resources due to its abundance and high specific strength. However, fast-growing wood is hard to be applied extensively due to low mechanical strength and poor dimensional stability and durability. In this study, epoxy-acrylic resin-modified wood was prepared by forming a functional monomer system with three monomers [glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), maleic anhydride (MAN), and polyethylene glycol-200-dimethylacrylic acid (PEGDMA)] and filling into the wood cell cavity. The results showed that in the case of an optimal monomer system of nGMA:nPEGDMA = 20:1 and an optimal MAN dosage of 6%, the conversion rate of monomers reached 98.01%, the cell cavity was evenly filled by the polymer, with the cell wall chemically bonded. Thus, a bonding strength of as high as 1.13 MPa, a bending strength of 112.6 MPa and an impact toughness of 74.85 KJ/m2 were applied to the modified wood, which presented excellent dimensional stability (720 h water absorption: 26%, and volume expansion ratio: 5.04%) and rot resistance (loss rates from white rot and brown rot: 3.05% and 0.67%). Additionally, polymer-modified wood also exhibited excellent wear resistance and heat stability. This study reports a novel approach for building new environmentally friendly wood with high strength and toughness and good structural stability and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.L.); (J.F.); (F.Y.)
| | - Jilong Fan
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.L.); (J.F.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fengbiao Yao
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.L.); (J.F.); (F.Y.)
| | - Xudong Gao
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.L.); (J.F.); (F.Y.)
| | - Yueying Zhao
- Shandong Everjoy Technology Material Co., Ltd., Jining 277600, China;
| | - Baoxuan Liu
- Shandong Laucork Development Co., Ltd., Jining 272100, China;
| | - Xiaoying Dong
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.L.); (J.F.); (F.Y.)
| | - Yongfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (Y.L.); (J.F.); (F.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
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30
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Linos K, Dermawan JK, Pulitzer M, Hameed M, Agaram NP, Agaimy A, Antonescu CR. Untying the Gordian knot of composite hemangioendothelioma: Discovery of novel fusions. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23198. [PMID: 37658696 PMCID: PMC10842102 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Composite hemangioendothelioma is a rare, locally aggressive, and rarely metastasizing vascular neoplasm which affects both children and adults. Recently, a number of gene fusions including YAP1::MAML2, PTBP1::MAML2, and EPC1::PHC2 have been detected in a small subset of cases with or without neuroendocrine expression. Herein, we present four additional cases with novel in-frame fusions. The cohort comprises two females and two males with a wide age range at diagnosis (24-80 years). Two tumors were deep involving the right brachial plexus and mediastinum, while the remaining were superficial (right plantar foot and abdominal wall). The size ranged from 1.5 to 4.8 cm in greatest dimension. Morphologically, all tumors had an admixture of at least two architectural patterns including retiform hemangioendothelioma, hemangioma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, or angiosarcoma. The tumors were positive for endothelial markers CD31 (3/3), ERG (4/4), and D2-40 (1/4, focal), while SMA was expressed in 2/3 highlighting the surrounding pericytes. Synaptophysin showed immunoreactivity in 2/3 cases. One patient had a local recurrence after 40 months, while two patients had no evidence of disease 4 months post-resection. Targeted RNA sequencing detected novel in-frame fusions in each of the cases: HSPG2::FGFR1, YAP1::FOXR1, ACTB::MAML2, and ARID1B::MAML2. The two cases with neuroendocrine expression occurred as superficial lesions and harbored YAP1::FOXR1 and ARID1B::MAML2 fusions. Our study expands on the molecular spectrum of this enigmatic tumor, further enhancing our current understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Linos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Josephine K. Dermawan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Melissa Pulitzer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Meera Hameed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Narasimhan P. Agaram
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cristina R. Antonescu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Fernandes RA, Ferreira N, Lopes S, Santos J, Bento Pereira N, Ferreira NO, Nunes L, Martins JM, Carvalho LH. Development of an Innovative Lightweight Composite Material with Thermal Insulation Properties Based on Cardoon and Polyurethane. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:137. [PMID: 38201802 PMCID: PMC10780395 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The search for innovative and sustainable solutions to improve the energy efficiency of the construction industry has been a hot topic for researchers due to the tremendous impact of insulator materials in the thermal comfort of buildings. In the present work, an innovative lightweight composite material with thermal insulation properties was developed, for the first time, by using cardoon particles and polyurethane. The formulation of the composite material was optimized in terms of cardoon fraction and the polyol/isocyanate ratio, to achieve the best compromise between internal bond (IB) strength and thickness swelling (TS). The best performing composite was PU75-CP45, with 45 wt% of cardoon particles and 75% of isocyanate, achieving an IB of 0.41 MPa and a TS of 5.3%. Regarding insulation properties, the PU75-CP45 composite material exhibits a promising performance when compared to conventional construction industry materials by tuning its thickness. Additionally, the composite material presented very low emissions of volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde (bellow to legislation levels) and high resistance to biological degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A. Fernandes
- ARCP Colab—Rede de Competências em Polímeros, Rua Júlio de Matos, 828/882, 4200-355 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.F.); (N.F.); (S.L.); (J.S.)
- LEPABE—Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- AliCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Ferreira
- ARCP Colab—Rede de Competências em Polímeros, Rua Júlio de Matos, 828/882, 4200-355 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.F.); (N.F.); (S.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Sandro Lopes
- ARCP Colab—Rede de Competências em Polímeros, Rua Júlio de Matos, 828/882, 4200-355 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.F.); (N.F.); (S.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jorge Santos
- ARCP Colab—Rede de Competências em Polímeros, Rua Júlio de Matos, 828/882, 4200-355 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.F.); (N.F.); (S.L.); (J.S.)
- LEPABE—Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- AliCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nelson Bento Pereira
- CICon—Center for Innovation in Construction, Zona Industrial de Sabroso de Aguiar-Lote 2B, 5450-371 Vila Pouca de Aguiar, Portugal;
- CEPAT—Center for Heritage Studies, Avenida do Conde 5643, 4465-097 São Mamede de Infesta, Portugal;
| | - Nuno Oliveira Ferreira
- CEPAT—Center for Heritage Studies, Avenida do Conde 5643, 4465-097 São Mamede de Infesta, Portugal;
- Secundino Queirós Construction, Avenida Lopes de Oliveira 29, 5450-140 Pedras Salgadas, Portugal
| | - Lina Nunes
- LNEC—Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Structures Department, Av. do Brasil, 101, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Jorge M. Martins
- LEPABE—Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- AliCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- DEMad—Department of Wood Engineering, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Campus Politécnico de Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Luisa H. Carvalho
- LEPABE—Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- AliCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- DEMad—Department of Wood Engineering, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Campus Politécnico de Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
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Liu Y, Li Z, Chen W, Feng X. Fast Determination of Rutin on a Biosensor Made Using a Layered Double Hydroxide Nano composite Modified Electrode. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 14:18. [PMID: 38248395 PMCID: PMC10813314 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a nanocomposite of LDH/graphene/polyaniline/gold (LDH/rGO/PANI/Au) was synthesized and characterized. The results of characterization showed that the composite material preserved the layered structure of LDH. The composite was dropped onto the glassy carbon electrode and laccase was then immobilized. Electrochemical tests showed that the composite could accelerate the electron transfer between the enzyme and the electrode. The composite/laccase showed an obvious response to rutin and the optimal detection conditions were discussed. The oxidative peak current of the biosensor constructed using the modified electrode was negatively correlated with rutin in the range of 0.05-4 μg/mL. The detection limit was 0.0017 μg/mL at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. This biosensor of rutin also possessed high sensitivity, excellent anti-interference ability, and stability. The contents of rutin in tablets, first determined using HPLC, were also detected using the sensor constructed in this research as an application, and the results were acceptable. This research here provides a facile way for the fast detection of rutin in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China; (Z.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China; (Z.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Weizhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Materials Chemistry of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China; (Z.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Xiaomiao Feng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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Gou H, Rupasinghe M, Sofi M, Sharma R, Ranzi G, Mendis P, Zhang Z. A Review on Cementitious and Geopolymer Composites with Lithium Slag Incorporation. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:142. [PMID: 38203995 PMCID: PMC10779632 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This study critically reviews lithium slag (LS) as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM), thereby examining its physiochemical characteristics, mechanical properties, and durability within cementitious and geopolymer composites. The review reveals that LS's particle size distribution is comparable to fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), which suggests it can enhance densification and nucleation in concrete. The mechanical treatment of LS promotes early hydration by increasing the solubility of aluminum, lithium, and silicon. LS's compositional similarity to FA endows it with low-calcium, high-reactivity properties that are suitable for cementitious and geopolymeric applications. Increasing the LS content reduces setting times and flowability while initially enhancing mechanical properties, albeit with diminishing returns beyond a 30% threshold. LS significantly improves chloride ion resistance and impacts drying shrinkage variably. This study categorizes LS's role in concrete as a filler, pozzolan, and nucleation agent, thereby contributing to the material's overall reduced porosity and increased durability. Economically, LS's cost is substantially lower than FA's; meanwhile, its environmental footprint is comparable to GGBS, thereby making it a sustainable and cost-effective alternative. Notwithstanding, there is a necessity for further research on LS's fine-tuning through grinding, its tensile properties, its performance under environmental duress, and its pozzolanic reactivity to maximize its utility in concrete technologies. This study comprehensively discusses the current strengths and weaknesses of LS in the field of building materials, thereby offering fresh perspectives and methodologies to enhance its performance, improve its application efficiency, and broaden its scope. These efforts are driving the sustainable and green development of LS in waste utilization and advanced concrete technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Gou
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3053, Australia; (H.G.); (M.R.); (M.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Madhuwanthi Rupasinghe
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3053, Australia; (H.G.); (M.R.); (M.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Massoud Sofi
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3053, Australia; (H.G.); (M.R.); (M.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Rajesh Sharma
- Tianqi Lithium Energy Australia, Kwinana 6167, Australia;
| | - Gianluca Ranzi
- Centre for Advanced Structural Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia;
| | - Priyan Mendis
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3053, Australia; (H.G.); (M.R.); (M.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Zipeng Zhang
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3053, Australia; (H.G.); (M.R.); (M.S.); (P.M.)
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Wang ZY, Guo J, Wang Y, Zhang YX, Feng J, Ge ZH. Realizing High Thermoelectric Properties in Bi 2 S 3 Bulk via Band Engineering and Nanorods Compositing. Small 2023:e2310306. [PMID: 38143297 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth sulfide is a promising thermoelectric material because of its low cost and toxicity; however, its low electrical conductivity limits its thermoelectric properties. In this study, Bi2 S3 +x wt% HfCl4 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0) bulk samples are fabricated using a combination of melting and spark plasma sintering. The microstructures, electronic structures, and thermoelectric properties of the composites are characterized. The results of electronic structure calculations show that doping with HfCl4 produces an impurity energy level that narrows the bandgap and allows the Fermi energy level to enter the conduction band, leading to a favorable increase in carrier concentration. By regulating the HfCl4 doping concentration, the electrical conductivity of the 0.75 wt% doped sample reaches 253 Scm-1 at 423 K and its maximum ZT value is 0.47 at 673 K. Moreover, the sample is compounded with Bi2 S3 nanorods prepared by the hydrothermal method, reducing thermal conductivity by 30% due to the introduction of additional interfaces and pores. This resulted in a final ZT value of 0.61 at 673 K, which is approximately eight times higher than that of pure Bi2 S3 . This step-by-step optimization approach provides a valuable methodology for enhancing the performance of other thermoelectric material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yuan Wang
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650092, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Yi-Xing Zhang
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650092, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Ge
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
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Peidayesh H, Nógellová Z, Chodák I. Effects of Peroxide and Sulfur Curing Systems on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Nitrile Rubber Composites: A Comparative Study. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:71. [PMID: 38203924 PMCID: PMC10780276 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This study compares the effect of sulfur and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) vulcanizing systems on the physical and mechanical properties of rubber compounds based on acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). NBR compounds cured by different amounts of DCP and NBR vulcanizates filled with various concentrations of carbon black (CB) and a constant amount of sulfur or DCP were prepared. The vulcanizates were characterized by tensile testing, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and cross-link density determination. The tensile strength and Young's modulus were found to increase with the rising amount of DCP and CB, while elongation at break decreased. The samples vulcanized by the sulfur system and filled with CB show a substantial increase in tensile strength from 13.1 to 21.2 MPa. Higher storage modulus and glass transition temperature were observed with the increase in the amount of peroxide and filler, and consequently, the increase in cross-link density, indicating rigidity increase and lower molecular mobility. The changes in the physical and mechanical properties of the NBR vulcanizates were in correlation with the changes in solvent uptake and cross-link density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Peidayesh
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Z.N.); (I.C.)
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Ludeña MA, Meza FDL, Huamán RI, Lechuga AM, Valderrama AC. Preparation and Characterization of Fe 3O 4/Poly(HEMA-co-IA) Magnetic Hydrogels for Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution. Gels 2023; 10:15. [PMID: 38247738 PMCID: PMC10815344 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, Fe3O4/poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-itaconic acid) magnetic hydrogels (MHGs) were prepared by in situ synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic particles in hydrogels (HGs). The resulting magnetic hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption-desorption. The effect of Fe3O4 on the swelling behavior and adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye of the prepared hydrogel was studied. Parameters such as the dose, pH, contact time, and MB initial concentration were investigated. The results show that 75% (HG) and 91% (MHG) of MB (200 mg/L) were removed at doses of 2 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL, respectively, under a pH of 6.8 and a contact time of 10 min. The adsorption behavior followed the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating that the adsorption process takes place in monolayers and on homogeneous surfaces. The Langmuir capacities for MB adsorption using the HGs and MHGs were 78 and 174 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In addition, thermodynamic studies carried out show that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. Adsorption-desorption studies indicate that the magnetic hydrogel can remove MB for four cycles with removal efficiencies above 90%. Therefore, a MHG is suitable as an alternative material for MB adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Ludeña
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biopolímeros y Metalofármacos (LIBIPMET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Av. Tupac Amaru 210, Rimac, Lima 15333, Peru; (M.A.L.); (R.I.H.)
| | - Flor de L. Meza
- Tecnología Materiales para Remediación Ambiental (TecMARA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Av. Tupac Amaru 210, Rimac, Lima 15333, Peru;
| | - Reneé I. Huamán
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biopolímeros y Metalofármacos (LIBIPMET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Av. Tupac Amaru 210, Rimac, Lima 15333, Peru; (M.A.L.); (R.I.H.)
| | - Ana M. Lechuga
- Departamento Académico de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Físicas y Matematicas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Av. de la Cultura 733, Cusco 921, Peru;
| | - Ana C. Valderrama
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biopolímeros y Metalofármacos (LIBIPMET), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Av. Tupac Amaru 210, Rimac, Lima 15333, Peru; (M.A.L.); (R.I.H.)
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Notebaert A, Quinten J, Moonens M, Olmez V, Barros C, Cunha SS, Demarbaix A. Numerical Modelling of the Heat Source and the Thermal Response of an Additively Manufactured Composite during an Active Thermographic Inspection. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:13. [PMID: 38203867 PMCID: PMC10779539 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This paper deals with the numerical modelling of non-destructive testing of composite parts using active thermography. This method has emerged as a new approach for performing non-destructive testing (NDT) on continuous carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic polymer (CCFRTP) components, particularly in view of detecting porosity or delamination. In this context, our numerical model has been developed around references containing internal defects of various shapes and sizes. The first novelty lies in the fact that the heat source used in the experimental setup is modelled exhaustively to accurately model the radiation emitted by the lamp, as well as the convection and conduction around the bulb. A second novelty concerns the modelling of the CCFRTP making up the benchmark used. Indeed, its thermal properties vary as a function of the sample temperature. Therefore, the actual thermal properties have been experimentally measured and were later used in our model. The latter then captures the material dependency on temperature. The results obtained by our model proved to be in close agreement with the experimental results on real reference points, paving the way for future use of the model to optimise experimental configurations and, in particular, the heating parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Notebaert
- Science and Technology Research Unit, H.E.P.H Condorcet, Square Hiernaux 2, 6000 Charleroi, Belgium; (A.N.); (J.Q.); (M.M.)
| | - Julien Quinten
- Science and Technology Research Unit, H.E.P.H Condorcet, Square Hiernaux 2, 6000 Charleroi, Belgium; (A.N.); (J.Q.); (M.M.)
| | - Marc Moonens
- Science and Technology Research Unit, H.E.P.H Condorcet, Square Hiernaux 2, 6000 Charleroi, Belgium; (A.N.); (J.Q.); (M.M.)
| | - Vedi Olmez
- Research and Technological Support Department, Environmental Materials Research Association, INISMa, CRIBC, Avenue Gouverneur Cornez 4, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
| | - Camila Barros
- Mechanical Engineering Institute, Federal University of Itajubá, Avenida BPS, 1303, Bairro Pinheirinho, Itajubá 37500-903, Brazil; (C.B.); (S.S.C.J.)
| | - Sebastião Simões Cunha
- Mechanical Engineering Institute, Federal University of Itajubá, Avenida BPS, 1303, Bairro Pinheirinho, Itajubá 37500-903, Brazil; (C.B.); (S.S.C.J.)
| | - Anthonin Demarbaix
- Science and Technology Research Unit, H.E.P.H Condorcet, Square Hiernaux 2, 6000 Charleroi, Belgium; (A.N.); (J.Q.); (M.M.)
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Novák P, Duda J, Průša F, Skotnicová K, Szurman I, Smetana B. Synthesis of FeSi-FeAl Composites from Separately Prepared FeSi and FeAl Alloys and Their Structure and Properties. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7685. [PMID: 38138827 PMCID: PMC10744454 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Composites consisting of iron aluminide and iron silicide phases were studied in this work. Powders of iron aluminide and iron silicide were prepared by mechanical alloying separately. Subsequently, they were blended in three different proportions and sintered by the SPS method under various conditions. After sintering, the composites are composed of FeAl and amounts of other silicides (Fe5Si3 and Fe3Si). Ternary Fe-Al-Si phases were not determined, even though their presence was predicted by DFT calculations. This disagreement was explained by steric factors, i.e., by differences in the space lattice of the present phases. Hardness and tribological properties were measured on composites with various weight ratios of iron aluminide and iron silicide. The results show that sintered silicides with the matrix composed of iron aluminide reach comparable hardness to tool steels. The composites with higher mass ratios of iron aluminide than silicide have higher hardness and better tribological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Novák
- Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Jiří Duda
- Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Filip Průša
- Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Kateřina Skotnicová
- Department of Materials and Technologies for Vehicles, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Ivo Szurman
- Department of Materials and Technologies for Vehicles, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Bedřich Smetana
- Department of Chemistry and Physico-Chemical Processes, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
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Macías J, Frade JR, Yaremchenko AA. SrTiO 3-SrVO 3 Ceramics for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes: A Route from Oxidized Precursors. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7638. [PMID: 38138780 PMCID: PMC10744890 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite-type Sr(Ti,V)O3-δ ceramics are promising anode materials for natural gas- and biogas-fueled solid oxide fuel cells, but the instability of these phases under oxidizing conditions complicates their practical application. The present work explores approaches to the fabrication of strontium titanate-vanadate electrodes from oxidized precursors. Porous ceramics with the nominal composition SrTi1-yVyOz (y = 0.1-0.3) were prepared in air via a solid state reaction route. Thermal processing at temperatures not exceeding 1100 °C yielded composite ceramics comprising perovskite-type SrTiO3, pyrovanadate Sr2V2O7 and orthovanadate Sr3(VO4)2 phases, while increasing firing temperatures to 1250-1440 °C enabled the formation of SrTi1-yVyO3 perovskites. Vanadium was found to substitute into the titanium sublattice predominantly as V4+, even under oxidizing conditions at elevated temperatures. Both perovskite and composite oxidized ceramics exhibit moderate thermal expansion coefficients in air, 11.1-12.1 ppm/K at 30-1000 °C, and insignificant dimensional changes induced by reduction in a 10%H2-N2 atmosphere. The electrical conductivity of reduced perovskite samples remains comparatively low, ~10-1 S/cm at 900 °C, whereas the transformation of oxidized vanadate phases into high-conducting SrVO3-δ perovskites upon reduction results in enhancement in conductivity, which reaches ~3 S/cm at 900 °C in porous composite ceramics with nominal composition SrTi0.7V0.3Oz. The electrical performance of the composite is expected to be further improved by optimization of the processing route and microstructure to facilitate the reduction of the oxidized precursor and attain better percolation of the SrVO3 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aleksey A. Yaremchenko
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (J.M.); (J.R.F.)
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Saha S, Acharya S, Popov M, Sauyet T, Pfund J, Bidthanapally R, Jain M, Page MR, Srinivasan G. A Novel Spinel Ferrite-Hexagonal Ferrite Composite for Enhanced Magneto-Electric Coupling in a Bilayer with PZT. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:9815. [PMID: 38139661 PMCID: PMC10748018 DOI: 10.3390/s23249815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The magnetoelectric effect (ME) is an important strain mediated-phenomenon in a ferromagnetic-piezoelectric composite for a variety of sensors and signal processing devices. A bias magnetic field, in general, is essential to realize a strong ME coupling in most composites. Magnetic phases with (i) high magnetostriction for strong piezomagnetic coupling and (ii) large anisotropy field that acts as a built-in bias field are preferred so that miniature, ME composite-based devices can operate without the need for an external magnetic field. We are able to realize such a magnetic phase with a composite of (i) barium hexaferrite (BaM) with high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field and (ii) nickel ferrite (NFO) with high magnetostriction. The BNx composites, with (100 - x) wt.% of BaM and x wt.% NFO, for x = 0-100, were prepared. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the composites did not contain any impurity phases. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that, with an increase in NFO content, hexagonal BaM grains become prominent, leading to a large anisotropy field. The room temperature saturation magnetization showed a general increase with increasing BaM content in the composites. NFO rich composites with x ≥ 60 were found to have a large magnetostriction value of around -23 ppm, comparable to pure NFO. The anisotropy field HA of the composites, determined from magnetization and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements, increased with increasing NFO content and reached a maximum of 7.77 kOe for x = 75. The BNx composite was cut into rectangular platelets and bonded with PZT to form the bilayers. ME voltage coefficient (MEVC) measurements at low frequencies and at mechanical resonance showed strong coupling at zero bias for samples with x ≥ 33. This large in-plane HA acted as a built-in field for strong ME effects under zero external bias in the bilayers. The highest zero-bias MEVC of ~22 mV/cm Oe was obtained for BN75-PZT bilayers wherein BN75 also has the highest HA. The Bilayer of BN95-PZT showed a maximum MEVC ~992 mV/cm Oe at electromechanical resonance at 59 kHz. The use of hexaferrite-spinel ferrite composite to achieve strong zero-bias ME coupling in bilayers with PZT is significant for applications related to energy harvesting, sensors, and high frequency devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Saha
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (S.S.); (S.A.); (M.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Sabita Acharya
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (S.S.); (S.A.); (M.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Maksym Popov
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (S.S.); (S.A.); (M.P.); (R.B.)
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Theodore Sauyet
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (T.S.); (J.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Jacob Pfund
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (T.S.); (J.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Rao Bidthanapally
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (S.S.); (S.A.); (M.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Menka Jain
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (T.S.); (J.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Michael R. Page
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433, USA;
| | - Gopalan Srinivasan
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA; (S.S.); (S.A.); (M.P.); (R.B.)
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Lackner M, Mukherjee A, Koller M. What Are "Bioplastics"? Defining Renewability, Biosynthesis, Biodegradability, and Biocompatibility. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4695. [PMID: 38139947 PMCID: PMC10747977 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, plastic materials are mostly made from fossil resources, and they are characterized by their long lifetime and pronounced persistence in the open environment. These attributes of plastics are one cause of the ubiquitous pollution we see in our environment. When plastics end up in the environment, most of this pollution can be attributed to a lack of infrastructure for appropriately collecting and recycling plastic waste, mainly due to mismanagement. Because of the huge production volumes of plastics, their merits of being cheap to produce and process and their recalcitrance have turned into a huge disadvantage, since plastic waste has become the end point of our linear economic usage model, and massive amounts have started to accumulate in the environment, leading to microplastics pollution and other detrimental effects. A possible solution to this is offered by "bioplastics", which are materials that are either (partly) biobased and/or degradable under defined conditions. With the rise of bioplastics in the marketplace, several standards and test protocols have been developed to assess, certify, and advertise their properties in this respect. This article summarizes and critically discusses different views on bioplastics, mainly related to the properties of biodegradability and biobased carbon content; this shall allow us to find a common ground for clearly addressing and categorizing bioplastic materials, which could become an essential building block in a circular economy. Today, bioplastics account for only 1-2% of all plastics, while technically, they could replace up to 90% of all fossil-based plastics, particularly in short-lived goods and packaging, the single most important area of use for conventional plastics. Their replacement potential not only applies to thermoplastics but also to thermosets and elastomers. Bioplastics can be recycled through different means, and they can be made from renewable sources, with (bio)degradability being an option for the mismanaged fraction and special applications with an intended end of life in nature (such as in seed coatings and bite protection for trees). Bioplastics can be used in composites and differ in their properties, similarly to conventional plastics. Clear definitions for "biobased" and "biodegradable" are needed to allow stakeholders of (bio)plastics to make fact-based decisions regarding material selection, application, and end-of-life options; the same level of clarity is needed for terms like "renewable carbon" and "bio-attributed" carbon, definitions of which are summarized and discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Lackner
- Go!PHA, Oudebrugsteeg 9, 1012 JN Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Go!PHA, 12324 Hampton Way, Wake Forest, NC 27587, USA
- CIRCE Biotechnologie GmbH, Kerpengasse 125, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anindya Mukherjee
- Go!PHA, Oudebrugsteeg 9, 1012 JN Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Go!PHA, 12324 Hampton Way, Wake Forest, NC 27587, USA
| | - Martin Koller
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria;
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Chai BX, Eisenbart B, Nikzad M, Fox B, Wang Y, Bwar KH, Zhang K. Review of Approaches to Minimise the Cost of Simulation-Based Optimisation for Liquid Composite Moulding Processes. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7580. [PMID: 38138721 PMCID: PMC10744635 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The utilisation of numerical process simulation has greatly facilitated the challenging task of liquid composite moulding (LCM) process optimisation, providing ease of solution evaluation at a significantly reduced cost compared to complete reliance on physical prototyping. However, due to the process complexity, such process simulation is still considerably expensive at present. In this paper, cost-saving approaches to minimising the computational cost of simulation-based optimisation for LCM processes are compiled and discussed. Their specific applicability, efficacy, and suitability for various optimisation/moulding scenarios are extensively explored in detail. The comprehensive analysation and assimilation of their operation alongside applicability for the problem domain of interest are accomplished in this paper to further complement and contribute to future simulation-based optimisation capabilities for composite moulding processes. The importance of balancing the cost-accuracy trade-off is also repeatedly emphasised, allowing for substantial cost reductions while ensuring a desirable level of optimization reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Xian Chai
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; (B.X.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Boris Eisenbart
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; (B.X.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Mostafa Nikzad
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; (B.X.C.); (Y.W.)
| | | | - Yuqi Wang
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; (B.X.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kyaw Hlaing Bwar
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; (B.X.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kaiyu Zhang
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia; (B.X.C.); (Y.W.)
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Šugár P, Antala R, Šugárová J, Kováčik J, Pata V. Study on Surface Roughness, Morphology, and Wettability of Laser-Modified Powder Metallurgy-Processed Ti-Graphite Composite Intended for Dental Application. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1406. [PMID: 38135997 PMCID: PMC10740645 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the surface laser treatment of a new type of dental biomaterial, a Ti-graphite composite, prepared by low-temperature powder metallurgy, was investigated. Different levels of output laser power and the scanning speed of the fiber nanosecond laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm and argon as a shielding gas were used in this experiment. The surface integrity of the machined surfaces was evaluated to identify the potential for the dental implant's early osseointegration process, including surface roughness parameter documentation by contact and non-contact methods, surface morphology assessment by scanning electron microscopy, and surface wettability estimation using the sessile drop technique. The obtained results showed that the surface roughness parameters attributed to high osseointegration relevance (Rsk, Rku, and Rsm) were not significantly influenced by laser power, and on the other hand, the scanning speed seems to have the most prevalent effect on surface roughness when exhibiting statistical differences in all evaluated profile roughness parameters except Rvk. The obtained laser-modified surfaces were hydrophilic, with a contact angle in the range of 62.3° to 83.2°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Šugár
- Institute of Production Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Slovak University of Technology, J. Bottu 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia; (R.A.); (J.Š.)
| | - Richard Antala
- Institute of Production Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Slovak University of Technology, J. Bottu 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia; (R.A.); (J.Š.)
| | - Jana Šugárová
- Institute of Production Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Slovak University of Technology, J. Bottu 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia; (R.A.); (J.Š.)
| | - Jaroslav Kováčik
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 13 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Vladimír Pata
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University, Vavrečkova 5669, 960 01 Zlín, Czech Republic;
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Pavlík Z, Záleská M, Pavlíková M, Pivák A, Nábělková J, Jankovský O, Jiříčková A, Chmel O, Průša F. Simultaneous Immobilization of Heavy Metals in MKPC-Based Mortar-Experimental Assessment. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7525. [PMID: 38138666 PMCID: PMC10744662 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination, associated with the increase in industrial production and the development of the population in general, poses a significant risk in terms of the contamination of soil, water, and, consequently, industrial plants and human health. The presence of ecotoxic heavy metals (HMs) thus significantly limits the sustainable development of society and contributes to the deterioration of the quality of the environment as a whole. For this reason, the stabilization and immobilization of heavy metals is a very topical issue. This paper deals with the possibility of the simultaneous immobilization of heavy metals (Ba2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+) in mortar based on magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC). The structural, mechanical, and hygric parameters of mortars artificially contaminated with heavy metals in the form of salt solutions were investigated together with the formed hydration products. In the leachates of the prepared samples, the content of HMs was measured and the immobilization ratio of each HM was determined. The immobilization rate of all the investigated HMs was >98.7%, which gave information about the effectiveness of the MKPC-based matrix for HM stabilization. Furthermore, the content of HMs in the leachates was below the prescribed limits for non-hazardous waste that can be safely treated without any environmental risks. Although the presence of heavy metals led to a reduction in the strength of the prepared mortar (46.5% and 57.3% in compressive and flexural strength, respectively), its mechanical resistance remained high enough for many construction applications. Moreover, the low values of the parameters characterizing the water transport (water absorption coefficient Aw = 4.26 × 10-3 kg·m-2·s-1/2 and sorptivity S = 4.0 × 10-6 m·s-1/2) clearly demonstrate the limited possibility of the leaching of heavy metals from the MKPC matrix structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbyšek Pavlík
- Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (M.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Martina Záleská
- Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (M.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Milena Pavlíková
- Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (M.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Adam Pivák
- Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (M.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Jana Nábělková
- Department of Sanitary and Ecological Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 29 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Ondřej Jankovský
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (O.J.); (A.J.); (O.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Adéla Jiříčková
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (O.J.); (A.J.); (O.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Oskar Chmel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (O.J.); (A.J.); (O.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Filip Průša
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (O.J.); (A.J.); (O.C.); (F.P.)
- Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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Robin J, Xu M, Kaufman LD, Simpson W, McCaughey S, Tatton N, Wolfus C, Ward M. Development of a Speech-based Composite Score for Remotely Quantifying Language Changes in Frontotemporal Dementia. Cogn Behav Neurol 2023; 36:237-248. [PMID: 37878468 PMCID: PMC10683975 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes to speech and language are common symptoms across different subtypes of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). These changes affect the ability to communicate, impacting everyday functions. Accurately assessing these changes may help clinicians to track disease progression and detect response to treatment. OBJECTIVE To determine which aspects of speech show significant change over time and to develop a novel composite score for tracking speech and language decline in individuals with FTD. METHOD We recruited individuals with FTD to complete remote digital speech assessments based on a picture description task. Speech samples were analyzed to derive acoustic and linguistic measures of speech and language, which were tested for longitudinal change over the course of the study and were used to compute a novel composite score. RESULTS Thirty-six (16 F, 20 M; M age = 61.3 years) individuals were enrolled in the study, with 27 completing a follow-up assessment 12 months later. We identified eight variables reflecting different aspects of language that showed longitudinal decline in the FTD clinical syndrome subtypes and developed a novel composite score based on these variables. The resulting composite score demonstrated a significant effect of change over time, high test-retest reliability, and a correlation with standard scores on various other speech tasks. CONCLUSION Remote digital speech assessments have the potential to characterize speech and language abilities in individuals with FTD, reducing the burden of clinical assessments while providing a novel measure of speech and language abilities that is sensitive to disease and relevant to everyday function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Robin
- Winterlight Labs, Incorporated, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mengdan Xu
- Winterlight Labs, Incorporated, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - William Simpson
- Winterlight Labs, Incorporated, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Michael Ward
- Alector, Incorporated, San Francisco, California
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Mrozińska Z, Ponczek M, Kaczmarek A, Boguń M, Sulak E, Kudzin MH. Blood Coagulation Activities of Cotton-Alginate-Copper Composites. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:625. [PMID: 38132946 PMCID: PMC10745039 DOI: 10.3390/md21120625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate-based materials have gained significant attention in the medical industry due to their biochemical properties. In this article, we aimed to synthesize Cotton-Alginate-Copper Composite Materials (COT-Alg(-)Cu(2+)). The main purpose of this study was to assess the biochemical properties of new composites in the area of blood plasma coagulation processes, including activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT). This study also involved in vitro antimicrobial activity evaluation of materials against representative colonies of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and antifungal susceptibility tests. The materials were prepared by immersing cotton fibers in an aqueous solution of sodium alginate, followed by ionic cross-linking of alginate chains within the fibers with Cu(II) ions to yield antimicrobial activity. The results showed that the obtained cotton-alginate-copper composites were promising materials to be used in biomedical applications, e.g., wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdzisława Mrozińska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Ponczek
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Kaczmarek
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Boguń
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Lodz, Poland
| | - Edyta Sulak
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin H. Kudzin
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Lodz, Poland
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Atay M, Duran Kaya D, Ülker A. Development of Electromagnetic Shielding Composites Reinforced with Nonwovens Produced from Recycled Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4469. [PMID: 38006193 PMCID: PMC10674624 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As a light-weight solution for electromagnetic shielding, this paper aims to investigate the development of electrically conductive composites that shield from electromagnetic radiation while providing sustainability by using recycled fibers in the structure of nonwoven reinforcement materials. The main novelty of this research is the conversion of waste fabrics into functional composites via a fast and inexpensive method. For this purpose, waste fabrics were recycled into fibers, and the recycled fibers were processed into needle-punched nonwovens to be used as reinforcement materials for electromagnetic shielding composites. Electrically conductive composite structures were obtained by adding copper (II) sulfate and graphite conductive particles with different ratios to polyester resin. The hand lay-up method was used for the production of composites. Electromagnetic shielding, electrical resistivity, and some mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The results were analyzed statistically using IBM SPSS software version 18. The results have shown that up to 31.43 dB of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness was obtained in the 1-6 GHz frequency range. This result corresponds to a very good grade for general use and a moderate grade for professional use, according to FTTS-FA-003, exceeding the acceptable range for industrial and commercial applications of 20 dB. The composites developed in this research are good candidates to be used in various general and professional applications, such as plastic parts in household applications, electronic industry, building and construction industries, and other applications where light weight shielding materials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Atay
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Deniz Duran Kaya
- Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aydın Ülker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, 35620 Izmir, Turkey;
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Statnik ES, Cvjetinovic J, Ignatyev SD, Wassouf L, Salimon AI, Korsunsky AM. Hair-Reinforced Elastomer Matrix Composites: Formulation, Mechanical Testing, and Advanced Microstructural Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4448. [PMID: 38006172 PMCID: PMC10675470 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epoxy matrix composites reinforced with high-performance fibers, such as carbon, Kevlar, and glass, exhibit excellent specific stiffness and strength in many mechanical applications. However, these composites are disappointingly non-recyclable and are usually disposed of in landfill sites, with no realistic prospect for biodegradation in a reasonable time. In contrast, moldable composites with carbonized elastomeric matrices developed in the last decades possess attractive mechanical properties in final net-shape products and can also be incinerated or recycled. Many carbon and inorganic fillers have recently been evaluated to adjust the properties of carbonized elastomeric composites. Renewable organic fillers, such as human or animal hair, offer an attractive fibrous material with substantial potential for reinforcing composites with elastomeric matrices. Samples of unidirectional fiber composites (with hair volume fractions up to 7%) and quasi-isotropic short fiber composites (with hair volume fractions up to 20%) of human hair-reinforced nitrile butadiene rubbers (HH-NBRs) were produced in the peroxide-cured and carbonized states. The samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and photoacoustic microscopy. Mechanical tests were performed under tension using a miniature universal testing machine. The expected effect of fiber reinforcement on the overall mechanical performance was demonstrated for both cured and carbonized composites. Considerable enhancement of the elastic modulus (up to ten times), ultimate tensile strength (up to three times), and damage tolerance was achieved. The evidence of satisfactory interfacial bonding between hair and rubber was confirmed via SEM imaging of fracture surfaces. The suitability of photoacoustic microscopy was assessed for 3D reconstructions of the fiber sub-system's spatial distribution and non-destructive testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Loujain Wassouf
- Department of Physical Chemistry, NUST MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander M. Korsunsky
- «LUCh» Lab, NUST MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia
- Trinity College, University of Oxford, Broad St., Oxford OX1 3BH, UK
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Mezeix L, Rivas AS, Relandeau A, Bouvet C. A New Method to Predict Damage to Composite Structures Using Convolutional Neural Networks. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7213. [PMID: 38005142 PMCID: PMC10672642 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the cost of developing composite aeronautical structures, manufacturers and university researchers are increasingly using "virtual testing" methods. Then, finite element methods (FEMs) are intensively used to calculate mechanical behavior and to predict the damage to fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites under impact loading, which is a crucial design aspect for aeronautical composite structures. But these FEMs require a lot of knowledge and a significant number of IT resources to run. Therefore, artificial intelligence could be an interesting way of sizing composites in terms of impact damage tolerance. In this research, the authors propose a methodology and deep learning-based approach to predict impact damage to composites. The data are both collected from the literature and created using an impact simulation performed using an FEM. The data augmentation method is also proposed to increase the data number from 149 to 2725. Firstly, a CNN model is built and optimized, and secondly, an aggregation of two CNN architectures is proposed. The results show that the use of an aggregation of two CNNs provides better performance than a single CNN. Finally, the aggregated CNN model prediction demonstrates the potential for CNN models to accelerate composite design by showing a 0.15 mm precision for all the length measurements, an average delaminated surface error of 56 mm2, and an error rate of 7% for the prediction of the presence of delamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Mezeix
- Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, 169 Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Chonburi 20131, Thailand;
| | - Ainhoa Soldevila Rivas
- INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France; (A.S.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Antonin Relandeau
- INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France; (A.S.R.); (A.R.)
| | - Christophe Bouvet
- INSA/ISAE-SUPAERO/IMT Mines Albi/UPS, Institut Clément Ader (CNRS UMR 5312), Université de Toulouse, 10 av. E. Belin, CEDEX 4, 31055 Toulouse, France
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Gil-Albarova J, Martínez-Morlanes MJ, Fernández JM, Castell P, Gracia L, Puértolas JA. Evaluation of Cytocompatibility of PEEK-Based Composites as a Function of Manufacturing Processes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1327. [PMID: 38002451 PMCID: PMC10669029 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The biocompatible polymer polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a suitable candidate to be part of potential all-polymer total joint replacements, provided its use is associated with better osseointegration, mechanical performance, and wear resistance. Seeking to meet the aforementioned requirements, respectively, we have manufactured a PEEK composite with different fillers: carbon fibers (CF), hydroxyapatite particles (HA) and graphene platelets (GNP). The mechanical outcomes of the composites with combinations of 0, 1.5, 3.0 wt% GNP, 5 and 15 wt% HA and 30% of wt% CF concentrations pointed out that one of the best filler combinations to achieve the previous objectives was 30 wt% CF, 8 wt% HA and 2 wt% of GNP. The study compares the bioactivity of human osteoblasts on this composite prepared by injection molding with that on the material manufactured by the Fused Filament Fabrication 3D additive technique. The results indicate that the surface adhesion and proliferation of human osteoblasts over time are better with the composite obtained by injection molding than that obtained by 3D printing. This result is more closely correlated with morphological parameters of the composite surface than its wettability behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gil-Albarova
- Department of Surgery, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón, I3A, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.J.M.-M.); (L.G.); (J.A.P.)
| | - María José Martínez-Morlanes
- Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón, I3A, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.J.M.-M.); (L.G.); (J.A.P.)
- Department of Materials Science and Technology-EINA, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Pere Castell
- AITIIP Technological Center, 50720 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.M.F.); (P.C.)
| | - Luis Gracia
- Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón, I3A, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.J.M.-M.); (L.G.); (J.A.P.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering-EINA, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Antonio Puértolas
- Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón, I3A, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.J.M.-M.); (L.G.); (J.A.P.)
- Department of Materials Science and Technology-EINA, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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