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Kang GL, Park CW, Jang SH. A Study on the Impact of Financial Literacy and Digital Capabilities on Entrepreneurial Intention: Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurship. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:121. [PMID: 38392474 PMCID: PMC10886005 DOI: 10.3390/bs14020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In the post-COVID-19 era, the content of work and the necessary skills are rapidly changing due to the digital transformation of the way people work. Entrepreneurial adaptability and digital capability are the most necessary competencies for exploring opportunities and quickly turning them into a professional career amid a crisis. Financial literacy is also essential for expanding skills in economic and social life. The purpose of this study is to verify the influence of university students' financial literacy and digital capability on entrepreneurial intention and the mediating effect of entrepreneurship. To this end, a survey was conducted on university students in Busan and Gyeongnam, and a sample of 162 respondents was verified using SPSS 28.0. As a result of the study, it was found that financial literacy had a partially positive effect on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention. Digital capability was found to have a positive effect on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention. It was found that entrepreneurship had a partially positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. It was found that entrepreneurship had a partially positive mediating effect between financial literacy and entrepreneurial intention. It was found that entrepreneurship had a positive mediating effect between digital capability and entrepreneurial intention. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that financial literacy, digital capability, and entrepreneurship are very important competencies for university students to adapt to new trends and promote start-ups in a rapidly changing job environment after COVID-19, suggesting the need for further education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyung-Lan Kang
- School of Science and Technology Innovation, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Woo Park
- Department of Software, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Jang
- School of Science and Technology Innovation, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Polychronopoulos D, Nguyen-Duc A. Migrant entrepreneurship support in Europe: a PRISMA systematic literature review. F1000Res 2024; 12:1300. [PMID: 38046194 PMCID: PMC10691309 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.139670.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This systematic literature review (SLR) analyzes migrant entrepreneurship support in Europe through three research questions (RQs) to understand 1) migrant entrepreneur characteristics in the European context, 2) challenges encountered by migrant entrepreneurs in European host countries, and 3) policies supporting migrant entrepreneurship in Europe. This review addresses gaps in current knowledge in academia as well as issues that policymakers and practitioners face when addressing migrant entrepreneurship support. Methods This SLR employed a search protocol to retrieve published sources from 1970 to 2021, via Scopus (27 March 2022) and Web of Science (7 April 2022). Inclusion criteria targeted migrant entrepreneurship support studies while exclusion criteria eliminated domestic migration and non-European contexts. The authors worked iteratively, aligning the data with the RQs to reduce bias, and adapted Bourdieu's forms of capital to create an analytical framework for the sources included in the SLR, with a table for each RQ to synthesize relevant data for analysis. Results The review examined 91 peer-reviewed papers, with a focus on migrant entrepreneurship support in Europe, covering characteristics, challenges, and support policies. It classified migrant entrepreneur challenges and characteristics into financial, human, and social capital, as well as external factors. Common challenges include the local culture and language, network, funding, and adapting to local business practices. Migrant entrepreneurs' stability relates to time in the host country and local language proficiency and reflects past entrepreneurial experience and education. Supportive mechanisms involve local networks, financing, and mentoring. Conclusions The SLR's limitations encompass possible oversight of pertinent studies, along with potential bias in data extraction, analysis, and subjectivity due to thematic analysis. Nonetheless, the findings suggest the following research agenda for migrant entrepreneurship support: evaluating and enhancing human and social capital, sharing information, designing support programs, addressing in-group/out-group bias in support programs, and exploring bottom-up migrant entrepreneurship support approaches.
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Alnuhait M, Alqurashi NF, Abdullatif GZ, Maash MS, Fagieha R, Alshareef H, Bahamdain FO, Alghamdi W, Alhifany AA. Exploring Entrepreneurship in Pharmacy: Attitudes and Perceptions Among Saudi Pharmacists and Students. Integr Pharm Res Pract 2024; 13:1-8. [PMID: 38264491 PMCID: PMC10802168 DOI: 10.2147/iprp.s441142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Entrepreneurship has recently become a focus in community development, innovation, and economic growth, including within pharmaceutical organizations. However, it remains a relatively new aspect of pharmacy education. For the effective incorporation of entrepreneurship in this field, a robust educational foundation is critical, one that emphasizes risk-taking, strategic planning, competitive spirit, and a sense of social responsibility. This study aims to evaluate Saudi pharmacists' attitudes towards entrepreneurship in their practice. Methods A cross-sectional survey design to assess the attitudes of pharmacists and pharmacy students in Saudi Arabia towards entrepreneurship. The study sample consisted of 302 individuals, selected through convenience sampling, all of whom were either licensed pharmacists or pharmacy students in Saudi Arabia. The survey was conducted electronically and disseminated online throughout the duration of January 2023, spanning a one-month period. The research sought to provide a deeper understanding of how entrepreneurship is perceived within the pharmacy field. Results The study involved 302 pharmacists in Saudi Arabia, with the majority being pharmacy students and Doctor of Pharmacy holders. Over 60% of the participants worked for the government sector. Results showed a strong interest in entrepreneurship, with nearly 80% expressing interest and believing in the entrepreneurial potential of pharmacists. However, there was a knowledge gap, as only 52% were familiar with entrepreneurship concepts, and most had not taken entrepreneurship courses. More than half of the participants reported insufficient institutional support for entrepreneurship. Remarkably, only 1% had started a pharmaceutical business. Conclusion In conclusion, this study emphasizes the interest in entrepreneurship among pharmacists, highlighting the need for raising familiarity and formal education in the field. Factors such as working in the government sector were associated with higher willingness to become entrepreneurs, while the lack of awareness and institutional support hindered the entrepreneurial mindset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alnuhait
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Falah Alqurashi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Manar Sami Maash
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refal Fagieha
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen Alshareef
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Foud O Bahamdain
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad Alghamdi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alhifany
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Wu C, Yan Y. Political factors, entrepreneurship and female employment vulnerability in sub-Saharan Africa. Afr J Reprod Health 2023; 27:51-62. [PMID: 38158862 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2023/v27i12.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between political factors, entrepreneurship, and female employment vulnerability in sub-Saharan Africa. Using data from the World Development Indicators (WDI) and World Governance Indicators (WGI) of the World Bank for the period 2001 - 2022, the study employs the Generalised Method of Moments to control for endogeneity. The results show that there exists an elastic relationship between voice and accountability and female vulnerability to employment in these sub-regions. It implies that a percentage increase in voice and accountability will result in a 11.9%, 3.07%, 1.08% decrease in female vulnerability to employment in Central, East, West and Southern Africa, respectively. These findings suggest that improving political institutions and reducing corruption could help to promote female entrepreneurship and reduce vulnerability in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensheng Wu
- School of Marxism Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jangsu, 211106, China
| | - Ying Yan
- School of Marxism Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jangsu, 211106, China
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Bertelsen KA, Varghese FP, Park A. Entrepreneurship and Criminal Justice Populations: A Social Cognitive Perspective. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2023:306624X231219204. [PMID: 38130183 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x231219204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A criminal record limits employment opportunities of those released from prison. Entrepreneurship, or starting one's own business venture, has been suggested as a way to overcome the employment barriers of a criminal record, given that many justice-involved persons have entrepreneurship experiences, often through illegal ventures. Sparse research has investigated how legal or illegal business experience translates to legal entrepreneurship attitudes. Using social cognitive career theory-career theory (SCCT), and concepts from the Risk Need Responsivity (RNR) model, the role of illegal and legal business exposure were investigated. Findings indicated that both legal and illegal business exposure had a positive influence on entrepreneurship goals through entrepreneurship self-efficacy and entrepreneurship outcome expectations. Legal experiences had a stronger influence. Criminal thinking, a significant risk factor for return to criminal behavior, was investigated in its role in entrepreneurship attitudes. Findings indicated that criminal thinking had an indirect effect on entrepreneurship goals through entrepreneurship self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Park
- University of Central Arkansas, Conway, USA
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Zhao Y, Dong L, Li J, Yang K, Zhang N. High temperatures and urban entrepreneurship levels: Evidence from China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 903:166636. [PMID: 37643711 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper performed as a frontier try to investigate the effect of high temperatures on entrepreneurship, assessed from an urban perspective. This paper estimated the impact of high temperatures on urban entrepreneurship levels using data from 281 prefecture cities in China, during the period 2000-2017. This paper found that a single day with a temperature of above 30 °C led to a decrease of 0.47 % in urban entrepreneurship levels, compared with a single day recording comfortable temperatures. Following a series of robustness tests, the results were found to be significant. Next, this paper conducted a series of heterogeneity analyses and discovered that cities with advanced industrial structures, larger sizes and more essential hierarchies were less affected by high temperatures. Finally, this paper further analyzed the potential influence mechanisms of high temperatures on entrepreneurship. This paper found that high temperature affects urban entrepreneurship levels by worsening the entrepreneurial environment, especially by reducing human capital, hindering innovation, decreasing the financial support available to enterprises, and hindering economic development. The results of our study have thus enriched the literature on entrepreneurship by exploring the impact of climate change on entrepreneurship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshuang Zhao
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; School of Energy and Environment (SEE), City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong; Department of Public and International Affairs (PIA), City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Liang Dong
- School of Energy and Environment (SEE), City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong; Department of Public and International Affairs (PIA), City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong; Centre for Public Affairs and Law, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Public and International Affairs (PIA), City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Kehan Yang
- Department of Public and International Affairs (PIA), City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resource Governance, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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da Silva VL, Spigolon DN, Peruzzo HE, Costa MAR, de Souza VS, Christinelli HCB, Maran E, Borim MLC. Process of building an entrepreneurial career in Nursing. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2023; 57:e20230086. [PMID: 37997879 PMCID: PMC10669135 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2023-0086en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To learn about the experiences of nurse entrepreneurs in building their careers and business trajectories. METHOD A descriptive and exploratory, qualitative study carried out with nurse entrepreneurs, recruited using the snowball technique. Interviews were conducted via Skype and audio-recorded between June and July 2021, which were transcribed and subjected to content analysis. RESULTS 15 nurses participated. Three thematic axes were identified: "Entrepreneurship in nursing with the use of technologies", which presented niches of activity and the use of technologies; "Desire to innovate even with fear of the new", which reports feelings and motivations related to entrepreneurship, especially innovation; and "What nurses need to know before starting a business", which presents the risks and benefits of entrepreneurship, as well as the skills needed by entrepreneurs. CONCLUSION The entrepreneurial experience presents challenges for nurses. Thus, encouraging knowledge about entrepreneurship makes it possible to strengthen autonomy and gain new opportunities in nursing.
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Olumekor M, Mohiuddin M, Su Z. Effective altruism and the dark side of entrepreneurship. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1247331. [PMID: 37908811 PMCID: PMC10614055 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1247331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Effective Altruism (EA) has become one of the most prominent socio-philosophical movements of recent years. EA is also facing intense scrutiny due to the business practices of some of its most prominent adherents. On the other hand, the dark triad traits of Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy have been getting increasing attention in entrepreneurship research. There is growing evidence that these traits can motivate entrepreneurial intention. We therefore sought to investigate if there was a connection between the entrepreneurship discourse in EA and traits corresponding to dark triad behavior. Design/methodology/approach Using a discursive analytic method, we investigated the discursive threads on entrepreneurship in EA over a 10-year period. Findings While we believe EA brings a much-needed perspective to the overall debate on doing good, we found ample evidence that it might have promoted the sort of dark triad behavior which some evidence suggests can lead to financial success, but can equally lead to the type of morally bankrupt, unethical and even illegal practices of some entrepreneurs. We also discovered a somewhat temporal dimension in EA's discourse on entrepreneurship, beginning with discourse encouraging some risk taking and entrepreneurship, before moving on to discourses on the benefits of having a smart and illicit character, and ending with a focus on aggressive risk taking. Originality The findings contribute to the still nascent debate on dark personality traits in entrepreneurship, and enriches the theoretical advancement of the field. However, our research differs from prior studies which were almost exclusively focused on the firm. Instead, we examine this phenomenon within a highly influential belief system/philosophical movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Olumekor
- Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia
| | - Muhammad Mohiuddin
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Zhan Su
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
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Crespo-Martinez E, Bueno S, Gallego MD. A Video Game for Entrepreneurship Learning in Ecuador: Development Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e49263. [PMID: 37819700 PMCID: PMC10600651 DOI: 10.2196/49263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Games have been a part of human life since ancient times and are taught to children and adults who want to simultaneously have fun and learn. Nevertheless, in the third decade of this century, technology invites us to consider using video games to learn topics such as entrepreneurship. However, developing a serious game (SG) is difficult because everyone who forms part of the game development team requires adequate learning resources to acquire the necessary information and improve their game development skills. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to detail the experience gained in developing ATIC (Aprende, Trabaja, Innova, Conquista [learn, work, innovate, conquer]), an SG proposed for teaching and learning entrepreneurship. METHODS To develop a videogame, first, we established a game development team formed by professors, professionals, and students who have different roles in this project. Scrum was adopted as a project management method. To create concept art for the video game, designers collected ideas from various games, known as "getting references." In contrast, narratology considers the life of a recent university graduate immersed in real life, considering locations, characteristics, and representative characters from an essential city of Ecuador. RESULTS In a Unity 3D video game in ATIC, the life of a university student who graduates and ventures into a world full of opportunities, barriers, and risks, where the player needs to make decisions, is simulated. The art of this video game, including sounds and music, is based on the landscape and characteristics of and characters from Cuenca, Ecuador. The game aims to teach entrepreneurs the mechanisms and processes to form their businesses. Thus, we developed the following elements of an SG: (1) world, (2) objects, (3) agents, and (4) events. CONCLUSIONS The narrative, mechanics, and art of video games are relevant. However, project management tools such as leaderboards and appointments are crucial to influencing individuals' decision to continue to play, or not play, an SG. Developing a serious video game is not an easy task. It was essential to consider many factors, such as the video game audience, needs of learning, context, similarities with the real world, narrative, game mechanics, game art, and game sounds. However, overall, the primary purpose of a serious video game is to transmit knowledge in a fun way and to give adequate and timely feedback to the gamer. Finally, nothing is possible if the members of game development team are not satisfied with the project and not clear about their roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Crespo-Martinez
- Department of Business Organization and Marketing, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo de Tecnologías Aplicadas y Emergentes - CIIDTAE, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Salvador Bueno
- Department of Business Organization and Marketing, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - M Dolores Gallego
- Department of Business Organization and Marketing, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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Knossalla CE, Carbon CC. Neither entrepreneurship nor intrapreneurship: a review of how to become an innovative split-off start-up. Front Sociol 2023; 8:1267706. [PMID: 37818038 PMCID: PMC10560993 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1267706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Splitting off departments from corporations in order to establish corporate start-ups has become of strategic importance for the performance and innovation of corporations. While the settlement process is widely practiced, there is a lack of knowledge of how entrepreneurship may exist in such split-offs. The main aim of this study was to explore how entrepreneurship in corporate start-ups can exist in order to contribute to corporate performance. Based on a systematic literature review from 2021 to 2023, which resulted in a total of 1,516 scientific, English-language articles in economic journals, a total of 150 articles were analyzed in-depth. Our research shows that it is of crucial importance that corporations position leaders with an appropriate mindset and behavior at all levels as early as starting the split-off process, which is, however, neither entrepreneurship nor intrapreneurship. The niche corporative start-up area shows that entrepreneurship is a continuum and requires a new definition of corporate start-up entrepreneurship (CSE). For corporate start-ups to be successful, we revealed that there needs to be (1) the appropriate legal form, which ensures ownership but also the risk of the leaders, (2) an explorative business rather than exploitation, (3) variable compensation rather than fixed and (4) corporate entrepreneurs rather than employees and managers. Implications of the findings for entrepreneurial leadership theory development and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claus-Christian Carbon
- Department of General Psychology and Methodology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany
- Research Group EPÆG (Ergonomics, Psychological Æsthetics, Gestalt), Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany
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Al-Shammari M, Aziz WA, Jasimuddin SM. Editorial: Emerging trends in innovation management and entrepreneurship development in the 21st century: issues, challenges, and opportunities. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1145727. [PMID: 37799514 PMCID: PMC10548381 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1145727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minwir Al-Shammari
- Department of Management and Marketing, College of Business Administration, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Bahrain
| | - Waleed A. Aziz
- Department of Management and Marketing, College of Business Administration, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Bahrain
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Prado AM, Sánchez-Gómez JI, Casamitjana N, Espriu M, Kumar P, Ngoye B, Bärnighausen T, Rosenmoller M. Building management and innovation capabilities for global health: a senior executive program. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1053745. [PMID: 37705721 PMCID: PMC10497100 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1053745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurately approaching the major challenges associated with global health management has become a mandatory key point in the training of medical leaders around the world. The Senior Executive Program in Global Health Innovation Management (SEPGHIM) seeks to provide an answer to the need for innovation and managerial capacity building in Global Health and to address the current detachment between Public Health Organizations and Business Schools. In 2019, SEPGHIM's first edition was led by five prestigious academic institutions on three continents. The first cohort included a total of 27 high-level health professionals and executives from 16 countries with 7-10 years of working experience who participated during the 11 months of the course. The program sought to fill an often-found knowledge gap among health professionals in terms of health innovation, leadership, and management. SEPGHIM relied on multiple pedagogical methods conveyed through a robust theoretical and applied syllabus that included case studies, simulations, guest speakers, debates, site visits, and an executive challenge. The program achieved various results. First, it recruited high-level health professionals that ensured diversity of backgrounds, allowing an exchange of experiences and different ways of addressing global health challenges. Second, it created a network of health professionals for possible future collaborations that can anticipate new trends and opportunities in global health and work together with stakeholders from other sectors. This networking was one of the most highly rated benefits by the students. Finally, the participants expressed great eagerness to recommend the program (4.9 out of 5) to other decision-makers and leaders in the global health field. These results provide positive insights regarding the value of such a training program for senior health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Prado
- Management and Organizations Department, INCAE Business School, Alajuela, Costa Rica
| | | | - Núria Casamitjana
- Instituto de Investigación de la Universidad de Barcelona, Instituto Salud Global Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Espriu
- Instituto de Investigación de la Universidad de Barcelona, Instituto Salud Global Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pratap Kumar
- Strathmore Business School, Strathmore University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ben Ngoye
- Strathmore Business School, Strathmore University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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Naveen S, Parida JK, Panda I. Tribal women empowerment through entrepreneurship: evidence from Mayurbhanj District, Odisha. Front Sociol 2023; 8:1158770. [PMID: 37601335 PMCID: PMC10435975 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1158770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Empowering women in a tribal context through entrepreneurship is an approach for enabling and making them economically and socially viable. This paper aims to highlight entrepreneurship in a specific tribal context and provide insight on some instances or cases relating to women's empowerment. Although there are many initiatives from international organizations and governmental institutions to support women entrepreneurs, especially tribal women, they suffer from isolation as a result of their language and lifestyle differ from the rest of society, which made the growth of their business and ability to compete arduous, and thus affected their ability to make various decisions in their lives. This study examines the pathway to a better understanding of increasing access to entrepreneurship for tribal women in Mayurbhanj district, Odisha. Methods The sample size was 111 Santhal tribal women entrepreneurs, and all of them were interviewed using an interview schedule and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Two analytical tools were used (a linear regression model to find which dependent variables influence entrepreneurs and the Women's Empowerment Index (WEI) to measure the progress in social and economic opportunities). The respondents was interviewed and asked on the various WEI indicators before and after an entrepreneurship intervention. Results and discussion It was observed through the results that the empowerment of women has changed in a positive direction after establishing their work; according to the indicators of the study, the Women's Empowerment Index has changed from 0.61 to 1.26. It was also found that entrepreneurship has a positive and significant impact on women's decision-making within the family, and therefore, it was suggested through research to increase the intervention from the government and related organizations with more initiatives that contribute to the possibility of increasing women's education and their financial ability to open new enterprises.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Naveen
- School of Social, Financial and Human Sciences (KSFH), Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Volery T, Richomme-Huet K, Vial V. Editorial: Emotions and entrepreneurship. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1255607. [PMID: 37599781 PMCID: PMC10435971 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1255607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Volery
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
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Abesalashvili ME, Khlebnikova AA, Bagova IR. [ ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INTRAPRENEURSHIP IN PUBLIC HEALTH: A THEORETICAL REVIEW]. Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med 2023; 31:784-788. [PMID: 37742249 DOI: 10.32687/0869-866x-2023-31-s1-784-788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The article considers theoretical approaches to determining the essence and characteristics of the organization of entrepreneurial activity in the field of public health. The emphasis is on innovative entrepreneurship, which involves entering new, often unknown or untested markets, which are characterized by high uncertainty. Innovation-driven entrepreneurship does not necessarily require new high-tech advances - rather, it is a new recombination that creates a new way of doing a certain set of activities. It is noted that intrapreneurship, which is based on innovative developments of employees of medical organizations, is also a form of entrepreneurial activity in the field of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Abesalashvili
- Kuban Cossack State Institute of Food Industry and Business (branch) of the Moscow State University of Technology and Management named after K.G. Razumovsky (First Cossack University), 353500, Temryuk, Russia,
| | - A A Khlebnikova
- Kuban Institute of Socioeconomics and Law (branch) of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, 350062, Krasnodar, Russia
| | - I R Bagova
- Adyghe State University, 353500, Maykop, Russia
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16
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Tishutin AA. [Transformation of entrepreneurial activity under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic]. Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med 2023; 31:828-831. [PMID: 37742257 DOI: 10.32687/0869-866x-2023-31-s1-828-831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The work is devoted to the consideration of digital technologies as a tool that transformed entrepreneurship and helped save many new and established enterprises from bankruptcy during the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The practice of entrepreneurship in the Kazan period has shown that digital transformation allows to increase productivity and innovation in business models, value creation processes and interaction with customers and partners. In fact, digital entrepreneurship as a consideration of how digital technologies shape entrepreneurial activity seems to be blurring traditional entrepreneurial boundaries and expanding the entrepreneur's opportunities in the market, democratizing the ability to start, adapt or wind down enterprises.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Tishutin
- A. N. Kosygin Russian State University (Technologies. Design. Art), 119071, Moscow, Russia,
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17
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Bonfanti RC, Tommasi F, Ceschi A, Sartori R, Ruggieri S. The Antecedents of the Technology Acceptance Model in Microentrepreneurs' Intention to Use Social Networking Sites. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:1306-1317. [PMID: 37504487 PMCID: PMC10378224 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13070096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Social media platforms offer significant growth opportunities for enterprises, particularly microenterprises, due to the chance to establish direct contact with customers. Drawing on the Technology-Acceptance Model (TAM), in the present study, we investigate the psychological reasons that lead microentrepreneurs to use Social Networking Sites (SNSs) for their business. In doing so, we also extend TAM by taking into account entrepreneurs' personalities (e.g., extraversion and openness to experience) and their perceived risk. We collected data by examining 247 microentrepreneurs engaged in the production of handmade objects. Our results confirm that of all the TAM behavioral antecedents tested, perceived usefulness and attitude toward SNSs' usage for business proved to be the best predictors of the intention to use SNSs for business activity. The results also indicate that extraversion, openness to experience, and perceived risk, as external factors, significantly affect the TAM constructs. We discuss implications and suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Tommasi
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Ceschi
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sartori
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruggieri
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy
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18
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Antončič B, Auer Antončič J. Editorial: Psychological determinants of entrepreneurial intentions and behaviors; contributions of Robert D. Hisrich to the field of entrepreneurship. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1196889. [PMID: 37251049 PMCID: PMC10213945 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1196889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Antončič
- School of Economics and Business, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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19
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Freiberg B, Matz SC. Founder personality and entrepreneurial outcomes: A large-scale field study of technology startups. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215829120. [PMID: 37126710 PMCID: PMC10175740 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215829120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Technology startups play an essential role in the economy-with seven of the ten largest companies rooted in technology, and venture capital investments totaling approximately $300B annually. Yet, important startup outcomes (e.g., whether a startup raises venture capital or gets acquired) remain difficult to forecast-particularly during the early stages of venture formation. Here, we examine the impact of an essential, yet underexplored, factor that can be observed from the moment of startup creation: founder personality. We predict psychological traits from digital footprints to explore how founder personality is associated with critical startup milestones. Observing 10,541 founder-startup dyads, we provide large-scale, ecologically valid evidence that founder personality is associated with outcomes across all phases of a venture's life (i.e., from raising the earliest funding round to exiting via acquisition or initial public offering). We find that openness and agreeableness are positively related to the likelihood of raising an initial round of funding (but unrelated to all subsequent conditional outcomes). Neuroticism is negatively related to all outcomes, highlighting the importance of founders' resilience. Finally, conscientiousness is positively related to early-stage investment, but negatively related to exit conditional on funding. While prior work has painted conscientiousness as a major benefactor of performance, our findings highlight a potential boundary condition: The fast-moving world of technology startups affords founders with lower or moderate levels of conscientiousness a competitive advantage when it comes to monetizing their business via acquisition or IPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Freiberg
- Columbia Business School, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
| | - Sandra C. Matz
- Columbia Business School, Columbia University, New York, NY10027
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20
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Tuğrul E. The Effects of an Innovation Process in Nursing Course on Students' Creative Thinking and Entrepreneurial Skills: An Uncontrolled Before/After Study. Creat Nurs 2023; 29:216-222. [PMID: 37800739 DOI: 10.1177/10784535231195488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Creative thinking and entrepreneurship have an important place in innovation studies in the field of nursing. Purpose: This study aims to examine the effect of an Innovation Process in Nursing course on students' creative thinking tendencies and entrepreneurship skills. Methods: An uncontrolled before/after design with non-probability sampling collected data on 70 nursing students in a 15-week Innovation Process in Nursing course using the Marmara Creative Thinking Dispositions Scale (MCTDS) and the University Students Entrepreneurship Scale. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and paired samples t-test. Conclusions: Scores on both the MCTDS and the University Students Entrepreneurship Scale improved significantly (p < 0.05) on post-test. Implications for Practice: Nurse educators should add courses on creative thinking and entrepreneurship to the curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Tuğrul
- Nursing Faculty, Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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21
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Bat Batjargal, Sarah Jack, Tomasz Mickiewicz, Erik Stam, Wouter Stam, Karl Wennberg. Act or Wait-and-See? Adversity, Agility, and Entrepreneur Wellbeing across Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 2023; 47. [ DOI: 10.1177/10422587221104820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
How can entrepreneurs protect their wellbeing during a crisis? Does engaging agility (namely, opportunity agility and planning agility) in response to adversity help entrepreneurs safeguard their wellbeing? Activated by adversity, agility may function as a specific resilience mechanism enabling positive adaption to crisis. We studied 3162 entrepreneurs from 20 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic and found that more severe national lockdowns enhanced firm-level adversity for entrepreneurs and diminished their wellbeing. Moreover, entrepreneurs who combined opportunity agility with planning agility experienced higher wellbeing but planning agility alone lowered wellbeing. Entrepreneur agility offers a new agentic perspective to research on entrepreneur wellbeing.
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Bat Batjargal, Sarah Jack, Tomasz Mickiewicz, Erik Stam, Wouter Stam, Karl Wennberg. Self-Efficacy in Disrupted Environments: COVID-19 as a Natural Experiment. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 2023; 47. [ DOI: 10.1177/10422587211046548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In two studies, we investigate whether the link between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions depends on outcome expectations. In Study 1, we exploit the COVID-19-induced lockdown as a natural experiment in a two-wave student sample. We compare the efficacy–intention link in survey responses submitted right before and right after the lockdown. In Study 2, we conceptually replicate and extend the findings via an online vignette experiment. Together, these studies show that a disruption of stable institutionalized outcome expectations implying increasing risk and uncertainty makes self-efficacy a weaker predictor of entrepreneurial intentions, particularly among those with pessimistic perceptions.
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23
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Khoruzhy LI, Khoruzhy VI, Kubrushko PF, Karataeva OG, Bitkova LA. Comparative analysis of human capital management strategies in the context of digitalization of the national economy. Front Sociol 2023; 8:1114301. [PMID: 37182192 PMCID: PMC10166838 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1114301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila I. Khoruzhy
- Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery I. Khoruzhy
- Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Petr F. Kubrushko
- Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana G. Karataeva
- Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila A. Bitkova
- Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
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24
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Di Stefano G, Ruggieri S, Bonfanti RC, Faraci P. Entrepreneurship on Social Networking Sites: The Roles of Attitude and Perceived Usefulness. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13040323. [PMID: 37102838 PMCID: PMC10136023 DOI: 10.3390/bs13040323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media platforms are a significant growth opportunity for enterprises, especially for microenterprises, due to the possibility of establishing direct contact with their customers. We investigate the psychological reasons that drive entrepreneurs towards the use of social networking sites (SNSs) for their business, following two important social psychology theories: the theory of planned behaviour and the technology acceptance model. We also tested for two personality traits: openness to experience and dominance. METHODS Data were acquired by examining 325 microentrepreneurs who decided to use either SNSs or traditional sales methods for their businesses. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that of all the behavioural antecedents tested, perceived usefulness and attitude towards SNSs' effect on business proved to be the best predictors of the intention to use (or continue using) SNSs for business activity. Implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Stefano
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruggieri
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Università degli Studi di Enna "Kore", 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Rubinia Celeste Bonfanti
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Palmira Faraci
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Università degli Studi di Enna "Kore", 94100 Enna, Italy
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25
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Abstract
The study investigates the effects of drastic institutional changes on the reduction of zombie enterprises in China and the underlying mechanisms of this relationship. We employed data from the ASIF from 1998 to 2007 and adapted the difference-in-difference approach to analyze the effects based on China’s investment approval system reform. We find that the reform can reduce the proportion of zombie enterprises by 13.3%. This result is driven by competition and scale effects. The former reduces institutional transaction costs by 12.8% and increases innovation capacity by 6.1%. The latter significantly improves the total factor productivity of enterprises; the reform promoted the expansion of enterprise size by 7.1% and the enhancement of market accommodation capacity by 13.2%. The reform had a weak effect on state-owned and non-competitive industrial zombie enterprises. This paper contributes to debates concerning the effect of institutions on entrepreneurship and the disposal of small zombie enterprises. As the “entrepreneurial economy” shifts to an “ossified economy,” the rate of zombie enterprises is increasing, while entrepreneurship is decreasing. This study finds that lowering barriers to entry by reducing government intervention and breaking administrative monopolies can facilitate the disposal of zombie enterprises and stimulate entrepreneurship. The competition effects originating from the entry of new firms promote a shift in the business strategy of zombie enterprises from rent-seeking to innovation-driven. The scale effect shows that the improved business environment breaks restrictive growth barriers, expands market boundaries, and improves total factor productivity. Eventually, zombie enterprises recover and survive in a healthier, more dynamic, and sustainable way. Economic vitality and resource allocation efficiency increase significantly. Our findings inform best practices for a policy designed to stimulate the “entrepreneurial economy.” Moving forward, the government needs to reduce barriers to entry and strengthen market mechanisms to promote disruptive entrepreneurship and dynamic capitalism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Fan
- School of Finance, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, 555, Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Tingfeng Tang
- School of Finance, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, 555, Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Gongyan Yang
- The Research Center for Russia, Eastern European and Central Asian Countries, School of International Economics and International Relations, Liaoning University, No. 58, Daoyi South Street, Shenyang, 110136 China
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26
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Anwar M, Clauss T, Meyer N. Entrepreneurship in family firms: an updated bibliometric overview. Rev Manag Sci 2023. [PMCID: PMC10032270 DOI: 10.1007/s11846-023-00650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Research on entrepreneurship in family firms has grown exponentially over the past two decades. Due to the various theoretical perspectives and contexts found here however, this body of research remains fragmented, with a unified understanding of the current state of knowledge and the opportunities for future research in the field continuing to lack. In this study, we address this gap by conducting an updated bibliometric analysis of the research on entrepreneurship in family firms. Here we integrate two different bibliometric methods to provide a more comprehensive picture of the field, unveiling its intellectual foundations and current research discourses and how these two are related. To do this, we first conduct a co-citation analysis clustering the intellectual foundations of the research on entrepreneurship in family firms. Second, a bibliographic coupling of recent publications from 2010 to 2021 provides a transparent structure of current research discourses. Third, analyzing which intellectual foundations are primarily cited in each current research stream unveils the dominant theoretical paradigms in the current state of research. Analyzing 570 published studies, we identified four intellectual foundations of entrepreneurship in family firms: socioemotional wealth (SEW), entrepreneurial orientation, family-embedded resources, and agency theory. The current research can be clustered into seven main discourses: entrepreneurial motivation, gender and success, entrepreneurial orientation, individual and firm-level characteristics, the family embedded network, family firm internationalization, and family heterogeneity. An integrative network diagram provides an overview of the research field’s development while also identifying the gaps to be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Anwar
- grid.412581.b0000 0000 9024 6397Witten Institute for Family Business, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Thomas Clauss
- grid.412581.b0000 0000 9024 6397Witten Institute for Family Business, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170 Department of Innovation and Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Natanya Meyer
- grid.412988.e0000 0001 0109 131XUniversity of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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27
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Liu S, He J, Xu D. Understanding the Relationship between Financial Literacy and Chinese Rural Households' Entrepreneurship from the Perspective of Credit Constraints and Risk Preference. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4981. [PMID: 36981890 PMCID: PMC10049286 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Farmers' entrepreneurship is an important factor in promoting rural economic growth, yet few studies have systematically discussed the impact of financial literacy. Using the 2021 China Land Economic Survey data, this study analyzes the relationship between financial literacy and Chinese rural households' entrepreneurship from the perspective of credit constraints and risk preferences by the IV-probit, stepwise regression, and moderating effects methods. This study finds that: (1) the financial literacy of Chinese farmers is low, with only 11.2% of the sample households starting businesses; and (2) Financial literacy can promote rural households' entrepreneurship. After introducing an instrument variable to control endogenous problems, the positive correlation is still significant; (3) financial literacy effectively alleviates the traditional credit constraints of farmers, thereby promoting entrepreneurship; (4) risk preference weakens the positive impact of financial literacy on rural households' entrepreneurship. This study provides a reference for optimizing entrepreneurship policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silin Liu
- Committee of the Communist Youth League, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jia He
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dingde Xu
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Sichuan Center for Rural Development Research, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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28
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Ferreira-Neto MN, de Carvalho Castro JL, de Sousa-Filho JM, de Souza Lessa B. The role of self-efficacy, entrepreneurial passion, and creativity in developing entrepreneurial intentions. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1134618. [PMID: 36949904 PMCID: PMC10025313 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1134618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although studies aimed at understanding entrepreneurship have analyzed passion, creativity, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy, few studies include these antecedents in the same model. In this sense, this study aims to assess the relationship between passion, self-efficacy, and creativity with entrepreneurial intention. The data was collected through a survey and the questionnaires were applied to university students who formed a sample of 190 respondents, and such data was analyzed using structural equation modeling based on partial least square technique. Regarding our results, the relationship between creativity and entrepreneurial intention has not been confirmed. The multigroup analysis revealed that the level of education influences men's entrepreneurial intention and creativity only influence entrepreneurial intention when mediated by entrepreneurial passion. This study contributes by highlighting the roles of analyzed passion, creativity, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy in entrepreneurs from one of the largest emerging economies in the world. Moreover, it also contributes to academia as it confirms the explanatory power of the Theory of Planned Behavior as a tool to understand the cognitive foundations of entrepreneurship. It also offers a practical contribution by signaling to public policymakers which features should be incentivized to boost entrepreneurship in emerging economies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruno de Souza Lessa
- Post-graduation Program in Management, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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29
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Preiksaitis C, Dayton JR, Kabeer R, Bunney G, Boukhman M. Teaching Principles of Medical Innovation and Entrepreneurship Through Hackathons: Case Study and Qualitative Analysis. JMIR Med Educ 2023; 9:e43916. [PMID: 36826988 PMCID: PMC10007000 DOI: 10.2196/43916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innovation and entrepreneurship training are increasingly recognized as being important in medical education. However, the lack of faculty comfort with the instruction of these concepts as well as limited scholarly recognition for this work has limited the implementation of curricula focused on these skills. Furthermore, this lack of familiarity limits the inclusion of practicing physicians in health care innovation, where their experience is valuable. Hackathons are intense innovation competitions that use gamification principles to increase comfort with creative thinking, problem-solving, and interpersonal collaboration, but they require further exploration in medical innovation. OBJECTIVE To address this, we aimed to design, implement, and evaluate a health care hackathon with 2 main goals: to improve emergency physician familiarity with the principles of health care innovation and entrepreneurship and to develop innovative solutions to 3 discrete problems facing emergency medicine physicians and patients. METHODS We used previously described practices for conducting hackathons to develop and implement our hackathon (HackED!). We partnered with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Stanford School of Biodesign, and the Institute of Design at Stanford (d.school) to lend institutional support and expertise in health care innovation to our event. We determined a location, time frame, and logistics for the competition and settled on 3 use cases for teams to work on. We planned to explore the learning experience of participants within a pragmatic paradigm and complete an abductive thematic analysis using data from a variety of sources. RESULTS HackED! took place from October 1-3, 2022. In all, 3 teams developed novel solutions to each of the use cases. Our investigation into the educational experience of participants suggested that the event was valuable and uncovered themes suggesting that the learning experience could be understood within a framework from entrepreneurship education not previously described in relation to hackathons. CONCLUSIONS Health care hackathons appear to be a viable method of increasing physician experience with innovation and entrepreneurship principles and addressing complex problems in health care. Hackathons should be considered as part of educational programs that focus on these concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Preiksaitis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - John R Dayton
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Rana Kabeer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Gabrielle Bunney
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Milana Boukhman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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30
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Patrício LD, Ferreira JJ. Unlocking the connection between education, entrepreneurial mindset, and social values in entrepreneurial activity development. Rev Manag Sci 2023. [PMCID: PMC9912203 DOI: 10.1007/s11846-023-00629-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The Entrepreneurial University constitutes a phenomenon that highlights the prominent roles played by academic organizations as aggregators of capabilities, enabling the establishing of bridges between innovation and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. This research therefore sets out to analyze the relationship between the Total Early Stage Entrepreneurial Activities of individual graduates and their entrepreneurial attitudes and social values towards entrepreneurship. This applies data sourced from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor report on innovation-driven countries. The main research findings stem from the regression models (Study 1) and fsQCA analysis (Study 2) returning evidence that the likelihood of adult graduates setting up firms or owning young companies rises whenever such individuals deem they hold the knowledge/skills required to start a business. The results also stress the importance of devoting high levels of media attention to entrepreneurship and fostering entrepreneurial cultures capable of fostering economic growth and prosperity. This research makes substantial theoretical contributions to the literature. Firstly, the findings reinforce the applicability and suitability of fsQCA analysis of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data. Secondly, this study strengthens the credibility of the Institutional Theory and Theory of Planned Behavior theoretical frameworks, correspondingly lending support to the importance of institutional or organizational factors as determinants of entrepreneurship and the need to focus on the linkage between entrepreneurial attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions, and entrepreneurial behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lurdes D. Patrício
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão de Viseu &, CISED – Centre for Research in Digital Services, Universidade da Beira Interior & NECE – Research Unit, Covilhã, Portugal and Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - João J. Ferreira
- Universidade da Beira Interior & NECE – Research Unit, Covilhã, Portugal & QUT Australian Centre for Entrepreneurship Research, Australia, 6200- 209 Polo, Covilhã, IV Portugal
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31
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Colichi RMB, Spiri WC, Juliani CMCM, Lima SAM. Teaching entrepreneurship in undergraduate Nursing course: evaluation of an educational proposal. Rev Bras Enferm 2023; 76:e20210244. [PMID: 36753251 PMCID: PMC9901351 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a proposal for teaching entrepreneurship in an undergraduate Nursing course that uses active methodologies and activities based on the theory of meaningful learning. METHODS Interventional, prospective study, with a quantitative perspective, with a total of 102 participating students, carried out from July 2017 to December 2019 at a public university in the state of Sao Paulo. Statistical analysis were performed by non-parametric Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, with differences considered statistically significant if p < 0.05. RESULTS Improvements were observed in almost all items evaluated, revealing that meaningful learning became more effective with the use of active teaching methodologies. Most students need adaptation and effort to be put into these methods. CONCLUSIONS The proposal offers pedagogical content adaptation, specifically for nursing students. New research should expand teaching-learning techniques for the development of future nurses, preparing them adequately for the job market.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wilza Carla Spiri
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho. Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Antončič B, Auer Antončič J. Psychological and sociological determinants of entrepreneurial intentions and behaviors. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1076768. [PMID: 36818098 PMCID: PMC9932979 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1076768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Research concerned with the personality of entrepreneurs entails an important part of the research into the management of small and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurship. This research has added new knowledge about the role of entrepreneurs' personality characteristics, their family entrepreneurial background, and the local supportive entrepreneurial background in entrepreneurial start-up intentions and behaviors. Hypotheses and a model were developed and verified using structural equation modeling and regression analysis considering data from a sample of entrepreneurs and students. This research revealed that several personality and sociological factors can be important for entrepreneurship when it comes to starting a business. The most important were the Big Five personality factors openness, extraversion, and non-agreeableness and, to a smaller extent, emotional stability (non-neuroticism), and conscientiousness. The second-most important group of factors were the specific motivational characteristics entrepreneurial self-efficacy, internal locus of control, and risk-taking propensity. Sociological factors were much less important than psychological elements for establishing business.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Antončič
- School of Economics and Business, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,*Correspondence: Boštjan Antončič, ✉
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Margaça C, Sánchez-García JC, Mónico LM, Knörr H. Editorial: Entrepreneurial psychological capital and spirituality: A core distinction among entrepreneurs. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1125826. [PMID: 36818069 PMCID: PMC9929566 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1125826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Margaça
- Department of Social Psychology and Anthropology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain,*Correspondence: Clara Margaça ✉
| | | | - Lisete M. Mónico
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Knörr
- Rowland School of Business and the Department of Literary Arts and Social Justice, Point Park University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Saura JR, Palacios-Marqués D, Correia MB, Barbosa B. Editorial: Innovative behavior in entrepreneurship: Analyzing new perspectives and challenges. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1123236. [PMID: 36743256 PMCID: PMC9893495 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1123236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ramon Saura
- Department of Business Economics, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Jose Ramon Saura ✉
| | | | - Marisol B. Correia
- ESGHT, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal,Centre for Tourism Research, Development, and Innovation – CiTUR, Faro, Portugal,Research Centre for Tourism, Sustainability and Well-Being – CinTurs, Faro, Portugal,CEG-IST, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Belem Barbosa
- School of Economics and Management, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Conz E, Magnani G, Zucchella A, De Massis A. Responding to unexpected crises: The roles of slack resources and entrepreneurial attitude to build resilience. Small Bus Econ 2023; 61:957-981. [PMCID: PMC9838285 DOI: 10.1007/s11187-022-00718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
This study explores how entrepreneurial firms responded to - and displayed resilience in - coping with the uncertainty generated by an unexpected crisis. We examine how entrepreneurs leveraged slack resources to build organizational resilience and, thanks to their entrepreneurial attitude, could eventually turn adversities into opportunities. Through a multiple case study, four key entrepreneurial responses emerge about the type of slack resources (business or family) and extent of entrepreneurial attitude (favourable or unfavourable) leveraged: “waiting while seeding”, “keeping business as usual”, “striving to resist” and “surfing the pandemic”. Slack resources, both business and family, can enable the absorption of a shock, contributing to building absorptive resilience, or the adaptation to the shock, contributing to building adaptive resilience. Yet, they are not sufficient to turn adversities into opportunities because firms also require a favourable entrepreneurial attitude to activate slack. Plain English Summary How entrepreneurial firms respond to - and display resilience in - coping with a crisis’s uncertainty varies according to the entrepreneurial attitude of the entrepreneur and the typology of slack resource leveraged. We find that these firms responded to the Covid 19 crisis either through: “waiting while seeding”, “keeping business as usual”, “striving to resist” or “surfing the pandemic”. The four responses differ in the type of slack resources — business or family — and extent of entrepreneurial attitude — favourable or unfavourable — leveraged. Slack resources, both business and family, are not sufficient to turn adversities into opportunities because firms require a favourable entrepreneurial attitude to activate slack. The study contributes to business practice by showing that both family and non-family businesses to thrive in the “new normal” era will have to develop the entrepreneurial resources of the team. Policymakers must be attentive to how firms’ accumulated resources are deployed during times of crisis and foster the capture of opportunities out of the storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Conz
- Department of Social and Political Sciences, University of Pavia, Corso Strada Nuova 65, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Magnani
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Pavia, Via San Felice 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Zucchella
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Pavia, Via San Felice 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Massis
- Centre for Family Business Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
- International Institute for Management Development, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Institute of Family Business and Institute for Entrepreneurs, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
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36
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Setyaningrum RP, Norisanti N, Fahlevi M, Aljuaid M, Grabowska S. Women and entrepreneurship for economic growth in Indonesia. Front Psychol 2023; 13:975709. [PMID: 36698571 PMCID: PMC9870025 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.975709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Business and entrepreneurship are certainly not a monopoly on men. As inhabitants of half the world, women also have the right to engage in the business world. In line with the ideals of emancipation, many women currently have the opportunity to become business partners of men. This research aims to clarify the role of absorptive capacity and entrepreneurial competencies in strengthening women's leadership toward success. This research was conducted in 3 provinces in Indonesia involving 114 women entrepreneurs in the MSME (micro, small, and medium enterprises) category. This research used a structural equation model with the SmartPLS software tool. The results of this research showed that absorptive capacity and entrepreneurial competencies were able to increase women's leadership toward successful entrepreneurship. City and age moderation failed to moderate the effect of women's leadership on successful entrepreneurship. The government on a macro scale needs to pay attention to providing understanding or special training for women MSME business actors who are trying to build their business from scratch. Business challenges for women entrepreneurs are heavier than for men because there are several social, value, and cultural barriers that require special treatment and strategies in developing the potential of women entrepreneurs in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nor Norisanti
- Department of Management, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Mochammad Fahlevi
- Department of Management, BINUS Online Learning, Bina Nusantara University, West Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mohammed Aljuaid
- Department of Health Administration, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandra Grabowska
- Department of Production Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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Segal S, Mikulincer M, Hershkovitz L, Meir Y, Nagar T, Maaravi Y. A Secure Base for Entrepreneurship: Attachment Orientations and Entrepreneurial Tendencies. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13010061. [PMID: 36661633 PMCID: PMC9854824 DOI: 10.3390/bs13010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Entrepreneurship catalyzes economic growth; it generates jobs, advances the economy and solves global challenges. Hence, it is crucial to understand the factors contributing to entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs' development. While many studies have investigated intrapersonal factors for entrepreneurial tendencies, the present study focuses on a critical yet often overlooked interpersonal aspect: attachment orientations. Specifically, this article examines the relationship between adult attachment orientations and entrepreneurial tendencies. Three studies across three countries (Israel, the UK, and Singapore) indicated that an anxious attachment orientation in close relationships is negatively associated with enterprising tendencies. In Israel (Study 1) and Singapore (Study 2), avoidant attachment in close relationships was also negatively correlated to such tendencies. Overall, the more people feel secure in close relationships (lower scores on attachment anxiety or avoidance), the higher their enterprising tendencies. Limitations and future research suggestions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Segal
- Adelson School of Entrepreneurship, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
| | - Mario Mikulincer
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
| | - Lihi Hershkovitz
- Adelson School of Entrepreneurship, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
| | - Yuval Meir
- Adelson School of Entrepreneurship, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
| | - Tamir Nagar
- Adelson School of Entrepreneurship, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
| | - Yossi Maaravi
- Adelson School of Entrepreneurship, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
- Correspondence:
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38
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Lin S, Liu S, Zhou W. Editorial: How entrepreneurs' identity influences their wellbeing in entrepreneurial process. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1121066. [PMID: 36687909 PMCID: PMC9850138 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1121066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Song Lin
- Strategy Department, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Song Lin ✉
| | - Shubo Liu
- Strategy Department, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Wencang Zhou
- Management Department, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, United States
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Abstract
To foresee global economic trends, one needs to understand the present startup companies that soon may become new market leaders. In this paper, we explore textual descriptions of more than 250 thousand startups in the Crunchbase database. We analyze the 2009–2019 period by using topic modeling. We propose a novel classification of startup companies free from expert bias that contains 38 topics and quantifies the weight of each of these topics for all the startups. Taking the year of establishment and geographical location of the startups into account, we measure which topics were increasing or decreasing their share over time, and which of them were predominantly present in Europe, North America, or other regions. We find that the share of startups focused on data analytics, social platforms, and financial transfers, and time management has risen, while an opposite trend is observed for mobile gaming, online news, and online social networks as well as legal and professional services. We also identify strong regional differences in topic distribution, suggesting certain concentration of the startups. For example, sustainable agriculture is presented stronger in South America and Africa, while pharmaceutics, in North America and Europe. Furthermore, we explore which pairs of topics tend to co-occur more often together, quantify how multisectoral the startups are, and which startup classes attract more investments. Finally, we compare our classification to the one existing in the Crunchbase database, demonstrating how we improve it. We propose a novel classification of more than 250 thousand startups registered in the Crunchbase database based on machine learning algorithms and free from expert bias. We find that the share of startups focused on data analytics, social platforms, and financial transfers, and time management has risen, while an opposite trend is observed for mobile gaming, online news, and online social networks as well as legal and professional services. We also identify strong regional differences in class distribution, suggesting, for example, sustainable agriculture being present stronger in South America and Africa, while pharmaceutics, in North America and Europe. Our classification can improve analysis of the Crunchbase data further promoting the popularity of the platform, while the trends identified will be useful for investors and policy makers. Last not least, this paper presents the first application of topic modeling to startup companies, providing thus a new direction for academic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Savin
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Kristina Chukavina
- Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Pushkarev
- Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
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40
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Folberg A, Goering T, Wetzel L, Yang X, Ryan C. Viewing entrepreneurship through a goal congruity lens: The roles of dominance and communal goal orientations in women's and men's venture interests. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1105550. [PMID: 37034920 PMCID: PMC10074595 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1105550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to examine gender differences in entrepreneurial venture interests drawing on goal congruity theory, which posits that people adopt gender-stereotypic goal orientations in response to social pressures to conform to traditional gender roles. Aspiring entrepreneurs (N = 351) first wrote about what they believed made an entrepreneur successful. They then completed measures of agentic and communal goal orientations (i.e., male and female stereotypic orientations, respectively) and indicated their interests in starting ventures in stereotypically feminine (e.g., salon), masculine (e.g., auto-repair) and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM; e.g., software developer) ventures. Analysis of open-ended responses demonstrated that participants ascribed more agentic and, specifically, more dominance attributes to entrepreneurs than communal attributes (e.g., warmth). Bifactor structural equation modeling indicated that, as expected, agentic goal orientations included dimensions of competence, self-direction, and dominance orientations; communal goal orientations were unidimensional. Further, as expected, dominance and communal orientations partially accounted for gender differences in all three career types. We discuss implications for entrepreneurial education and practice from a goal congruity perspective and the use of bifactor modeling to improve the measurement of goal orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Folberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Abigail M. Folberg,
| | - Tara Goering
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, United States
| | - Lindsey Wetzel
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Marketing and Entrepreneurship, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Marketing and Entrepreneurship, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Carey Ryan
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
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Fairlie R, Fossen FM, Johnsen R, Droboniku G. Were small businesses more likely to permanently close in the pandemic? Small Bus Econ 2023; 60:1613-1629. [PMCID: PMC9358365 DOI: 10.1007/s11187-022-00662-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous estimates indicate that COVID-19 led to a large drop in the number of operating businesses operating early in the pandemic, but surprisingly little is known on whether these shutdowns turned into permanent closures and whether small businesses were disproportionately hit. This paper provides the first analysis of permanent business closures using confidential administrative firm-level panel data covering the universe of businesses filing sales taxes from the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration. We find large increases in closure rates in the first two quarters of 2020, but a strong reversal of this trend in the third quarter of 2020. The increase in closures rates in the first two quarters of the pandemic was substantially larger for small businesses than large businesses, but the rebound in the third quarter was also larger. The disproportionate closing of small businesses led to a sharp concentration of market share among larger businesses as indicated by the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index with only a partial reversal after the initial increase. The findings highlight the fragility of small businesses during a large adverse shock and the consequences for the competitiveness of markets. Small businesses were more likely to close permanently during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic than large businesses. Although they rebounded strongly thereafter, market concentration remains higher than before the pandemic. We obtain these results from analyzing administrative firm-level data covering all businesses filing sales taxes in California. Our analysis contributes to research by demonstrating the fragility of small businesses during a crisis relative to large businesses. Our findings imply that small businesses may need additional support given the trend toward purchases from large online retailers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fairlie
- Department of Economics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA USA
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- NBER, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Frank M. Fossen
- Department of Economics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV USA
- IZA, Bonn, Germany
| | - Reid Johnsen
- California Department of Tax and Fee Administration, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Gentian Droboniku
- California Department of Tax and Fee Administration, Sacramento, CA USA
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Abstract
An essential yet understudied aspect of organizational responses to an environmental shock is how managers interpret and respond to their new environments and address post-shock environmental challenges. The post-shock managerial response process can be intense and highly consequential as actors often must challenge the status quo in a compressed period. Decisions are frequently “life or death” in terms of organizational survival. This study analyzed data on resilient organizations’ responses to the COVID-19 crisis and offered a model of organizational response paths to resilience. Our grounded theorizing offers three primary contributions: (1) we add richness to the distinction between organizations that are resilient or not by highlighting different response paths within the organizational-resilience category; (2) we complement the notion of post -adversity growth by explaining how organizations grow during adversity; (3) we move beyond explanations of resilience based on differences in organizations’ resource endowments and instead provide new insights into different paths to resilience based on differences in how organizations interpret and respond to the same adverse event. There are different ways organizations make the most out of a surprising challenge to enhance performance, adjust, and pivot for new opportunities. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged organizations in different ways—some experienced near-exponential increases in demand, whereas others saw their entire business evaporate overnight. Despite a continuum in the severity of these challenges, they require resilience. But how does resilience happen in organizations? Our study examines different responses to a challenge that, while originating from the same adverse event (COVID-19 pandemic), impacted organizations and their decision making differently. We find three patterns of responses that provide options for how organizations might approach challenges based on the impact they experience. First, some organizations fell into sudden, exponential demand—requiring simple decision-making rules to make incremental changes to support rapid scaling. Second, other organizations faced operational challenges and found ways to repurpose existing structures to maintain business operations. Finally, some organizations appraised their situation as an imminent threat to organizational survival, requiring rapid, wholesale changes to the business model in the form of pivots. Thus, the principal implication of this study is that organizations have different experiences from the same precipitating event, and they should ensure they align firm decision making, strategic initiatives, and operational activities to best promote resilience.
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Bel Hadj Miled K. Microfinance and women entrepreneurship development: evidence from Tunisia. SN Bus Econ 2023; 3:12. [PMCID: PMC9736707 DOI: 10.1007/s43546-022-00381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of microfinance on women’s entrepreneurship and empowerment, using national household data from Tunisia. We have employed Logistic Regressions and Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to study the consequences of microfinance use.We find positive and significant effects of access to credit on women’s work, attitudes toward income increase, execution of the micro-projects, and schooling attendance. The results confirm the potential of micro-finance in women’s empowerment and Entrepreneurship Development in Tunisia, especially during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Bel Hadj Miled
- College of Sciences and Arts Sajir, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ,Laboratory of Management of Innovation and Sustainable Development (LAMIDED), University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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44
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Bao A, Pang G, Zeng G. Entrepreneurial effect of rural return migrants: Evidence from China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1078199. [PMID: 36619031 PMCID: PMC9815529 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1078199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Entrepreneurship is an important means of economic development. Rural migrant workers returning home to start their own businesses can promote employment, alleviate poverty, and achieve rural development structural transformation of rural development. The entrepreneurial effect of rural return migrants is important for rural economic development. Using the data of the China Labor Force Dynamics Survey (CLDS thereafter) 2018 and China Household Finance Survey (CHFS thereafter) 2019, we analyze the entrepreneurial effects of return migrants upon their return to their hometowns. We construct a career choice model and build a mathematical model based on it to formulate the hypothesis. Then, we use the Probit regression model to test the hypothesis empirically. Results find that the rural return migrants can promote entrepreneurship among residents. Land circulation, human capital, and physical capital are stimulating factors in promoting the rural entrepreneurial activities of return migrants. We recommend that the government actively guide the rural return migrants to start businesses and provide security for entrepreneurial activities by upgrading various entrepreneurial elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anze Bao
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Anze Bao,
| | - Gefeng Pang
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoping Zeng
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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45
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Dai J, Lu X, Qi H, Zhang B, Wang W. How to achieve entrepreneurial enterprise performance in entrepreneurial scenario? - Based on the case study of China new energy passenger car company A. Front Psychol 2022; 13:946806. [PMID: 36600702 PMCID: PMC9807033 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.946806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction With the rapid development of China in recent decades, entrepreneurial scenarios are constantly changing, greatly promoting entrepreneurial practice. The characteristics of China's entrepreneurial scene, such as institutional differences, economic differences and cultural differences, make it unique. This research is based on a Chinese new energy vehicle start-up. Focus on how to achieve entrepreneurial enterprise performance in this unique entrepreneurial scenario. Methods Based on the development process from 2014 to 2021, using entrepreneurial scenario and entrepreneurial performance theory, focusing on the two themes of "what to do" and "how to do", and adopting exploratory case study methods, the performance of entrepreneurial enterprises was studied. Results The study found that in the context of Chinese entrepreneurship, cultural background has the most significant impact on the performance of entrepreneurial enterprises. The accurate prediction of institutional scenarios by entrepreneurial enterprises can improve enterprise performance, while economic scenarios have a negative impact on entrepreneurial enterprise performance. Discussion The research shows that in the development process of entrepreneurial enterprises based on China's entrepreneurial scenario, the governance mode and strategic choice of entrepreneurial enterprises should match the scenarios at different stages. At different stages of development, entrepreneurial enterprises should flexibly adapt to entrepreneurial scenarios and adopt different strategies to reflect their advantages in entrepreneurial scenarios and improve the success rate of entrepreneurship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Dai
- School of Business Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- College of Economics and Management, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiaowei Lu,
| | - Huibo Qi
- College of Economics and Management, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Business Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of International Studies, Zhejiang Business College, Hangzhou, China
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46
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Nachum L, Stevens CE, Newenham-Kahindi A, Lundan S, Rose EL, Wantchekon L. Africa rising: Opportunities for advancing theory on people, institutions, and the nation state in international business. J Int Bus Stud 2022; 54:1-18. [PMID: 36531905 PMCID: PMC9734589 DOI: 10.1057/s41267-022-00581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Africa is rising, but IB scholars have largely failed to take notice. We argue that this is a missed opportunity. Not only is Africa a dynamic and distinctive region, but its rise presents a number of puzzles for international business (IB) research, with phenomena that seem to challenge fundamental assumptions underlying IB theories. In order to unravel these puzzles and better explain business dynamics on the continent, we contend that there is a need for IB theorizing to place greater emphasis on the role of people, to balance IB's traditional emphasis on institutions, location-specific assets, and other macro-level attributes. We explore how this conceptual shift presents new avenues for inquiry into issues that are of importance for IB but have received limited attention to date. Such issues include entrepreneurial human capital, social networks, institutional co-evolution, and the informal economy. As such, we argue that, while extant theories in IB inform explanations and predictions regarding business activity across the continent, Africa's diverse and distinctive characteristics offer the potential to serve as a context for testing and developing generalizable, cutting-edge IB theory. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1057/s41267-022-00581-z.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles E. Stevens
- Department of Management and Global Business, Rutgers Business School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | | | - Sarianna Lundan
- Faculty of Business Studies and Economics, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Department of Management Studies, School of Business, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Elizabeth L. Rose
- Indian Institute of Management Udaipur, Balicha Campus, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001 India
| | - Leonard Wantchekon
- Department of Politics, Princeton University, 321 Bendheim Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
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Valle L, Costan E, Costan F, General E, Alcantara G, Kilat RV, Batican I, Olivar GM, Avila D. Community extension MSME's entrepreneurial activities in relation to poverty reduction. Front Sociol 2022; 7:1038006. [PMID: 36518151 PMCID: PMC9742551 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.1038006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Higher Education Institutions play a role in poverty reduction by implementing community extension programs focusing on capacity building and entrepreneurship training. Cebu Technological University programs offer these programs through various skills training to its targeted beneficiaries. This study aims to assess the community extension Micro-, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) entrepreneurial activities concerning poverty reduction. The research participants are beneficiaries of community extension programs that primarily focus on capacity building and entrepreneurship training, and they eventually become entrepreneurs. Method Using a cross-sectional survey, 172 valid responses were analyzed, with entrepreneurship education (EE), budgeting financial literacy (BFL), access to credit facilities (ACF), and entrepreneurial performance (EP) as predictors of poverty reduction (PR). Results from Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) generate insights from the seven hypothesized paths of the proposed model. Results and discussion Findings revealed that entrepreneurship education (β = 0.258, p < 0.05), budgeting financial literacy (β = 0.147, p < 0.05), and access to credit facilities (β = 0.541, p < 0.001) help reduce poverty. However, no significant relationship was found between entrepreneurial performance and poverty reduction (β = 0.132, ns) whose cause may be directly pointed to the pandemic's significant impact on MSME's entrepreneurial activities. Conclusion This study confirms the importance of entrepreneurship education, budgeting, financial literacy, and credit access in promoting entrepreneurial success and reducing poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lislee Valle
- College of Education, Cebu Technological University-Danao Campus, Danao City, Philippines
| | - Emily Costan
- College of Education, Cebu Technological University-Danao Campus, Danao City, Philippines
| | - Felix Costan
- College of Education, Cebu Technological University-Danao Campus, Danao City, Philippines
| | - Edralin General
- College of Education, Cebu Technological University-Danao Campus, Danao City, Philippines
| | - Gerly Alcantara
- College of Education, Cebu Technological University-Danao Campus, Danao City, Philippines
| | - Ronnel Victor Kilat
- College of Education, Cebu Technological University-Danao Campus, Danao City, Philippines
| | - Ivy Batican
- College of Management and Entrepreneurship, Cebu Technological University-Danao Campus, Danao City, Philippines
| | - Gladies Mae Olivar
- College of Management and Entrepreneurship, Cebu Technological University-Danao Campus, Danao City, Philippines
| | - Denilin Avila
- College of Technology, Cebu Technological University-Danao Campus, Danao City, Philippines
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Heller B, Erlich Y, Kariv D, Maaravi Y. On the Opportunities and Risks of Examining the Genetics of Entrepreneurship. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122208. [PMID: 36553475 PMCID: PMC9777747 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent accomplishments in genome sequencing techniques have resulted in vast and complex genomic data sets, which have been used to uncover the genetic correlates of not only strictly medical phenomena but also psychological characteristics such as personality traits. In this commentary, we call for the use of genomic data analysis to unlock the valuable field of the genetics of entrepreneurship. Understanding what makes an entrepreneur and what explains their success is paramount given the importance of entrepreneurship to individual, organizational, and societal growth and success. Most of the studies into the genetics of entrepreneurship have investigated familial entrepreneurial inclinations in the form of parent-offspring comparisons or twin studies. However, these do not offer a complete picture of the etiology of entrepreneurship. The use of big data analytics combined with the rapidly growing field of genetic mapping has the potential to offer a more complete picture of the etiology of entrepreneurship by allowing researchers to pinpoint precisely which genes and pathways underlie entrepreneurial behavior and success. We review the risks and opportunities which accompany this endeavor and make the case that, ultimately, prioritizing more research into the genetics of entrepreneurship has the potential to be of value to both science and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Heller
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
| | - Yaniv Erlich
- Efi Arazi School of Computer Science, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
| | - Dafna Kariv
- Adelson School of Entrepreneurship, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
| | - Yossi Maaravi
- Adelson School of Entrepreneurship, Reichman University, Herzliya 4610101, Israel
- Correspondence:
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Abushakra A, Nikbin D, Odeh A, Abdulwahab R. The effect of trust, IT knowledge, and entrepreneur's innovativeness to embrace or shun the internet of things. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1035015. [PMID: 36506957 PMCID: PMC9731221 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1035015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines critical factors influencing Omani entrepreneurs' adoption of the internet of things (IoT) by expanding the constructs at the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) with entrepreneurs' innovativeness, IT knowledge (ITK), and trust. A cross-sectional survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 158 entrepreneurs in Oman. Data were analyzed through the structural equation modeling technique using SmartPLS. The results indicated that performance expectancy, habit, social influence, trust (TR), ITK, and entrepreneurs' innovativeness (PI) significantly affect Omani entrepreneurs' intention to adopt IoT. Nonetheless, the results show that there is no significant relationship between hedonic motivation, effort expectancy, price value, and facilitating conditions to adopt IoT. This study contributes to previous literature by incorporating entrepreneurs' innovativeness, ITK, and trust into UTAUT2. Furthermore, this study was conducted in a Middle Eastern country with solid support from the government for entrepreneurs; also, there is a gap in such studies in this area. This study helps practitioners in the field better understand how to influence entrepreneurs, push them toward using IoT applications further, and encourage non-users to start using them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Abushakra
- Business Information Technology Department, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan,*Correspondence: Ahmad Abushakra,
| | - Davoud Nikbin
- School of Business and Law, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Ammar Odeh
- Computer Science Department, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rasha Abdulwahab
- Department of Information Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Sohar, Oman
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Li Y, Gong X, Zhang J, Xiang Z, Liao C. The Impact of Mobile Payment on Household Poverty Vulnerability: A Study Based on CHFS2017 in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14001. [PMID: 36360883 PMCID: PMC9654041 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in digital technology have brought about new opportunities in the field of financial poverty alleviation in China, and mobile payment as a new digital financial model is important in helping families to lift themselves out of poverty effectively and prevent a return to poverty. This paper examines the impact of mobile payment on household poverty vulnerability and the mechanism of action using the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) 2017 microsurvey data. After adopting the IVprobit model and a series of robustness tests, we found: (1) mobile payment significantly negatively impacts household poverty vulnerability; (2) the mechanism analysis indicates that promoting entrepreneurship and improving risk management capabilities are the main channels through which mobile payment mitigates household poverty vulnerability; (3) household entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial survival significantly reduce the probability of poverty vulnerability; and (4) the probit regression analysis explores how mobile payment has a greater negative impact on poverty vulnerability among low-income, homeless, and relatively backward households in rural or western areas. This work contributes to the literature on the use of electronic communication technology to eradicate poverty and on inclusive finance, providing vital results for other countries to use as an example.
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