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Flores KA, Pérez-Moreno JL, Durica DS, Mykles DL. Phylogenetic and transcriptomic characterization of insulin and growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases in crustaceans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1379231. [PMID: 38638139 PMCID: PMC11024359 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1379231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) mediate the actions of growth factors in metazoans. In decapod crustaceans, RTKs are implicated in various physiological processes, such molting and growth, limb regeneration, reproduction and sexual differentiation, and innate immunity. RTKs are organized into two main types: insulin receptors (InsRs) and growth factor receptors, which include epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). The identities of crustacean RTK genes are incomplete. A phylogenetic analysis of the CrusTome transcriptome database, which included all major crustacean taxa, showed that RTK sequences segregated into receptor clades representing InsR (72 sequences), EGFR (228 sequences), FGFR (129 sequences), and PDGFR/VEGFR (PVR; 235 sequences). These four receptor families were distinguished by the domain organization of the extracellular N-terminal region and motif sequences in the protein kinase catalytic domain in the C-terminus or the ligand-binding domain in the N-terminus. EGFR1 formed a single monophyletic group, while the other RTK sequences were divided into subclades, designated InsR1-3, FGFR1-3, and PVR1-2. In decapods, isoforms within the RTK subclades were common. InsRs were characterized by leucine-rich repeat, furin-like cysteine-rich, and fibronectin type 3 domains in the N-terminus. EGFRs had leucine-rich repeat, furin-like cysteine-rich, and growth factor IV domains. N-terminal regions of FGFR1 had one to three immunoglobulin-like domains, whereas FGFR2 had a cadherin tandem repeat domain. PVRs had between two and five immunoglobulin-like domains. A classification nomenclature of the four RTK classes, based on phylogenetic analysis and multiple sequence alignments, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylie A. Flores
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | | | - David S. Durica
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Donald L. Mykles
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, CA, United States
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2
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Mukherjee R, Sinha S, Luker GD, Ghosh P. Interlinked switch circuits of biological intelligence. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:286-289. [PMID: 38341333 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells learn and adapt via unknown network architectures. Recent work demonstrated a circuit of two GTPases used by cells to overcome growth factor scarcity, encouraging our view that artificial and biological intelligence share strikingly similar design principles and that cells function as deep reinforcement learning (RL) agents in uncertain environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Mukherjee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Saptarshi Sinha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Immunology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
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3
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DeCuzzi NL, Oberbauer DP, Chmiel KJ, Pargett M, Ferguson JM, Murphy D, Zeki AA, Albeck JG. Spatiotemporal Clusters of ERK Activity Coordinate Cytokine-induced Inflammatory Responses in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. bioRxiv 2024:2024.02.03.578773. [PMID: 38352523 PMCID: PMC10862831 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.03.578773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Spatially coordinated ERK signaling events ("SPREADs") transmit radially from a central point to adjacent cells via secreted ligands for EGFR and other receptors. SPREADs maintain homeostasis in non-pulmonary epithelia, but it is unknown whether they play a role in the airway epithelium or are dysregulated in inflammatory disease. OBJECTIVES (1) To characterize spatiotemporal ERK activity in response to pro-inflammatory ligands, and (2) to assess pharmacological and metabolic regulation of cytokine-mediated SPREADs. METHODS SPREADs were measured by live-cell ERK biosensors in human bronchial epithelial cell lines (HBE1 and 16HBE) and primary human bronchial epithelial (pHBE) cells, in both submerged and biphasic Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) culture conditions (i.e., differentiated cells). Cells were exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines relevant to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to pharmacological treatments (gefitinib, tocilizumab, hydrocortisone) and metabolic modulators (insulin, 2-deoxyglucose) to probe the airway epithelial mechanisms of SPREADs. Phospho-STAT3 immunofluorescence was used to measure localized inflammatory responses to IL-6. RESULTS Pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly increased the frequency of SPREADs. Notably, differentiated pHBE cells display increased SPREAD frequency that coincides with airway epithelial barrier breakdown. SPREADs correlate with IL-6 peptide secretion and localized pSTAT3. Hydrocortisone, inhibitors of receptor signaling, and suppression of metabolic function decreased SPREAD occurrence. CONCLUSIONS Pro-inflammatory cytokines modulate SPREADs in human airway epithelial cells via both secreted EGFR and IL6R ligands. SPREADs correlate with changes in epithelial barrier permeability, implying a role for spatiotemporal ERK signaling in barrier homeostasis and dysfunction during inflammation. The involvement of SPREADs in airway inflammation suggests a novel signaling mechanism that could be exploited clinically to supplement corticosteroid treatment for asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholaus L. DeCuzzi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
- School of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Lung Center; University of California, Davis
| | - Daniel P. Oberbauer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Kenneth J. Chmiel
- School of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Lung Center; University of California, Davis
| | - Michael Pargett
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Justa M. Ferguson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Devan Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
| | - Amir A. Zeki
- School of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Lung Center; University of California, Davis
- U. C. Davis Reversible Obstructive Airway Disease (ROAD) Center
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Mather, CA
| | - John G. Albeck
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis
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4
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Shen J, Chen L, Liu J, Li A, Zheng L, Chen S, Li Y. EGFR degraders in non-small-cell lung cancer: Breakthrough and unresolved issue. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14517. [PMID: 38610074 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been well validated as a therapeutic target for anticancer drug discovery. Osimertinib has become the first globally accessible third-generation EGFR inhibitor, representing one of the most advanced developments in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. However, a tertiary Cys797 to Ser797 (C797S) point mutation has hampered osimertinib treatment in patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Several classes of fourth-generation EGFR inhibitors were consequently discovered with the aim of overcoming the EGFRC797S mutation-mediated resistance. However, no clinical efficacy data of the fourth-generation EGFR inhibitors were reported to date, and EGFRC797S mutation-mediated resistance remains an "unmet clinical need." Proteolysis-targeting chimeric molecules (PROTACs) obtained from EGFR-TKIs have been developed to target drug resistance EGFR in NSCLC. Some PROTACs are from nature products. These degraders compared with EGFR inhibitors showed better efficiency in their cellular potency, inhibition, and toxicity profiles. In this review, we first introduce the structural properties of EGFR, the resistance, and mutations of EGFR, and then mainly focus on the recent advances of EGFR-targeting degraders along with its advantages and outstanding challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jihu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Anzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lüyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Jiangxi Chiralsyn Biological Medicine Co., Ltd, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yongdong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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5
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Menzel M, Kirchner M, Kluck K, Ball M, Beck S, Allgäuer M, Assmann C, Schnorbach J, Volckmar A, Tay TKY, Goldschmid H, Tan DSW, Thomas M, Kazdal D, Budczies J, Stenzinger A, Christopoulos P. Genomic heterogeneity at baseline is associated with T790M resistance mutations in EGFR-mutated lung cancer treated with the first-/second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors. J Pathol Clin Res 2024; 10:e354. [PMID: 38284983 PMCID: PMC10792701 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
This study analyzed whether extended molecular profiling can predict the development of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene T790M mutation, which is the most frequent resistance alteration in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after treatment with the first-/second-generation (1G/2G) EGFR inhibitors (tyrosine kinase inhibitors [TKIs]), but only weakly associated with clinical characteristics. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on pretreatment tumor tissue with matched normal samples from NSCLC patients with (n = 25, detected in tissue or blood rebiopsies) or without (n = 14, negative tissue rebiopsies only) subsequent EGFR p.T790M mutation after treatment with 1G/2G EGFR TKI. Several complex genetic biomarkers were assessed using bioinformatic methods. After treatment with first-line afatinib (44%) or erlotinib/gefitinib (56%), median progression-free survival and overall survival were 12.1 and 33.7 months, respectively. Clinical and tumor genetic characteristics, including age (median, 66 years), sex (74% female), smoking (69% never/light smokers), EGFR mutation type (72% exon 19 deletions), and TP53 mutations (41%) were not significantly associated with T790M mutation (p > 0.05). By contrast, complex biomarkers including tumor mutational burden, the clock-like mutation signature SBS1 + 5, tumor ploidy, and markers of subclonality including mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity, subclonal copy number changes, and median tumor-adjusted variant allele frequency were significantly higher at baseline in tumors with subsequent T790M mutation (all p < 0.05). Each marker alone could predict subsequent development of T790M with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72-0.77, but the small number of cases did not allow confirmation of better performance for biomarker combinations in leave-one-out cross-validated logistic regression (AUC 0.69, 95% confidence interval: 0.50-0.87). Extended molecular profiling with WES at initial diagnosis reveals several complex biomarkers associated with subsequent development of T790M resistance mutation in NSCLC patients receiving first-/second-generation TKIs as the first-line therapy. Larger prospective studies will be necessary to define a forecasting model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Menzel
- Institute of PathologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Martina Kirchner
- Institute of PathologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Klaus Kluck
- Institute of PathologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Markus Ball
- Institute of PathologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Susanne Beck
- Institute of PathologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Allgäuer
- Institute of PathologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Christin Assmann
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) HeidelbergMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)HeidelbergGermany
- Department of Thoracic OncologyThoraxklinik and National Center for Tumor Diseases at Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Johannes Schnorbach
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) HeidelbergMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)HeidelbergGermany
- Department of Thoracic OncologyThoraxklinik and National Center for Tumor Diseases at Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Timothy Kwang Yong Tay
- Institute of PathologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
- Department of Anatomical PathologySingapore General HospitalSingapore
| | - Hannah Goldschmid
- Institute of PathologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Daniel SW Tan
- Department of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological SciencesNational Cancer CentreSingapore
| | - Michael Thomas
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) HeidelbergMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)HeidelbergGermany
- Department of Thoracic OncologyThoraxklinik and National Center for Tumor Diseases at Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Daniel Kazdal
- Institute of PathologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) HeidelbergMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jan Budczies
- Institute of PathologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of PathologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) HeidelbergMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Petros Christopoulos
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) HeidelbergMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)HeidelbergGermany
- Department of Thoracic OncologyThoraxklinik and National Center for Tumor Diseases at Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
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Laface C, Fedele P. What the future holds: BBT-176, beyond third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2024; 13:220-222. [PMID: 38496697 PMCID: PMC10938097 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Laface
- Medical Oncology, Dario Camberlingo Hospital, Francavilla Fontana, Italy
| | - Palma Fedele
- Medical Oncology, Dario Camberlingo Hospital, Francavilla Fontana, Italy
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7
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Wang S, Xu X, Pan C, Guo Q, Li Q, Wan S, Li Z, Zhang J, Wu X. Identification of New EGFR Inhibitors by Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1887. [PMID: 38339163 PMCID: PMC10856253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors have been used in clinical for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer for years. However, the emergence of drug resistance continues to be a major problem. To identify potential inhibitors, molecular docking-based virtual screening was conducted on ChemDiv and Enamine commercial databases using the Glide program. After multi-step VS and visual inspection, a total of 23 compounds with novel and varied structures were selected, and the predicted ADMET properties were within the satisfactory range. Further molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the reprehensive compound ZINC49691377 formed a stable complex with the allosteric pocket of EGFR and exhibited conserved hydrogen bond interactions with Lys 745 and Asp855 of EGFR over the course of simulation. All compounds were further tested in experiments. Among them, the most promising hit ZINC49691377 demonstrated excellent anti-proliferation activity against H1975 and PC-9 cells, while showing no significant anti-proliferation activity against A549 cells. Meanwhile, apoptosis analysis indicated that the compound ZINC49691377 can effectively induce apoptosis of H1975 and PC-9 cells in a dose-dependent manner, while having no significant effect on the apoptosis of A549 cells. The results indicate that ZINC49691377 exhibits good selectivity. Based on virtual screening and bioassays, ZINC4961377 can be considered as an excellent starting point for the development of new EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China (Q.G.); (Z.L.)
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Jeong HY, Kang SJ, Kim MW, Jeong IH, Choi MJ, Jung C, Song IH, Lee TS, Park YS. Development of PET Radioisotope Copper-64-Labeled Theranostic Immunoliposomes for EGFR Overexpressing Cancer-Targeted Therapy and Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1813. [PMID: 38339090 PMCID: PMC10855797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Combining standard surgical procedures with personalized chemotherapy and the continuous monitoring of cancer progression is necessary for effective NSCLC treatment. In this study, we developed liposomal nanoparticles as theranostic agents capable of simultaneous therapy for and imaging of target cancer cells. Copper-64 (64Cu), with a clinically practical half-life (t1/2 = 12.7 h) and decay properties, was selected as the radioisotope for molecular PET imaging. An anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) antibody was used to achieve target-specific delivery. Simultaneously, the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (Dox) was encapsulated within the liposomes using a pH-gradient method. The conjugates of 64Cu-labeled and anti-EGFR antibody-conjugated micelles were inserted into the doxorubicin-encapsulating liposomes via a post-insertion procedure (64Cu-Dox-immunoliposomes). We evaluated the size and zeta-potential of the liposomes and analyzed target-specific cell binding and cytotoxicity in EGFR-positive cell lines. Then, we analyzed the specific therapeutic effect and PET imaging of the 64Cu-Dox-immunoliposomes with the A549 xenograft mouse model. In vivo therapeutic experiments on the mouse models demonstrated that the doxorubicin-containing 64Cu-immunoliposomes effectively inhibited tumor growth. Moreover, the 64Cu-immunoliposomes provided superior in vivo PET images of the tumors compared to the untargeted liposomes. We suggest that nanoparticles will be the potential platform for cancer treatment as a widely applicable theranostic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Yeon Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea or (H.Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (M.W.K.); (I.-h.J.); (M.J.C.)
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Jae Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea or (H.Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (M.W.K.); (I.-h.J.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea or (H.Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (M.W.K.); (I.-h.J.); (M.J.C.)
| | - In-ho Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea or (H.Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (M.W.K.); (I.-h.J.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Moon Jung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea or (H.Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (M.W.K.); (I.-h.J.); (M.J.C.)
| | - Cheulhee Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - In Ho Song
- Division of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; (I.H.S.); (T.S.L.)
| | - Tae Sup Lee
- Division of RI-Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea; (I.H.S.); (T.S.L.)
| | - Yong Serk Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea or (H.Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (M.W.K.); (I.-h.J.); (M.J.C.)
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Shigeta N, Yokose T, Murakami S, Isaka T, Shinada K, Yoshioka E, Narita A, Katakura K, Kondo T, Kato T, Nagashima T, Saito H, Ito H. Mutation profile and programmed death ligand 1 status of patients with non-small cell lung cancer diagnosed with "adenocarcinoma" and "non-small cell carcinoma favor adenocarcinoma". Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:458-465. [PMID: 38197164 PMCID: PMC10883860 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The terminology for lung cancer diagnosis in small biopsies was adopted in the 2015 World Health Organization classification. If non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has no clear adenocarcinoma (AD) or squamous cell carcinoma morphology, the tumor is further classified based on mucin or immunohistochemical staining as NSCLC favor AD (NFAD), NSCLC favor squamous cell carcinoma, or NSCLC not otherwise specified. Since this new term was defined, the difference between AD and NFAD has not yet been fully explored. This study aimed to examine the differences in clinical background, gene alteration frequency, and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. METHODS We included patients diagnosed with AD or NFAD with small samples, and who underwent testing with the Oncomine Dx target test between August 2019 and April 2023 in Kanagawa Cancer Center. RESULTS This study comprised 268 patients. A total of 96 patients underwent surgery after AD or NFAD diagnosis. The clinical stage was more advanced and pathological N0 was lower in NFAD than in AD. The pathology of the surgical specimens revealed that solid predominant AD was significantly more common in NFAD than in AD (p < 0.001). In both AD and NFAD, EGFR mutation was the most frequent gene alteration, followed by KRAS mutation. The frequency of EGFR mutations was significantly higher in AD than in NFAD. PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in NFAD than in AD (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study shows a clear difference between AD and NFAD in terms of cancer progression, pathological features of the main tumor, genetic characteristics, and PD-L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Shigeta
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | | | - Shuji Murakami
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Tetsuya Isaka
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Kanako Shinada
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Emi Yoshioka
- Department of PathologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Atsuya Narita
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Kengo Katakura
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Tetsuro Kondo
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Terufumi Kato
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Takuya Nagashima
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Haruhiro Saito
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Ito
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
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Chen Q, Jia G, Zhang X, Ma W. Corrigendum: Targeting HER3 to overcome RGFR TKI resistance in NSCLC. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1376045. [PMID: 38357544 PMCID: PMC10865225 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1376045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1332057.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxue Ma
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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11
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Xu Y, Zhang L, Jia L, Ren M, Xue T, Bai Q, Yao Q, Wei R, Zhou X, Zhu X. Evaluation of the Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Test on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue of human lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:40-50. [PMID: 38410581 PMCID: PMC10894364 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation detection is essential for the therapy of lung cancer. A sensitive, specific, and cost-effective standardized method to quickly and accurately detect EGFR mutations is urgently needed. Methods We evaluated the Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Assay for EGFR mutations in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples from 232 lung cancer patients, and compared the results with amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) (n=146) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) (n=86). The surgical tumor sections and cell blocks derived from the same FFPE section were compared. Overall concordance, specificity, sensitivity, cost-effectiveness and turnaround time were compared among the three methods. Results The overall concordance between Idylla and ARMS was 89.51% [95% confidence interval (CI): 83.31% to 93.64%] and the specificity of Idylla was 88.68% (95% CI: 80.69% to 93.76%). A concordance of 97.67% (95% CI: 91.41% to 99.86%) was obtained between Idylla and NGS, the specificity of Idylla was 96.30% (95% CI: 86.16% to 99.36%). Compared to the ARMS and NGS, the Idylla™ system significantly reduces the turnaround time. Combining labor, equipment, reagents and time costs, Idylla is more affordable. Conclusions Clinically urgent cases with adequate cellularity, can first perform Idylla to detect critical markers, then perform NGS for a comprehensive mutation analysis. Besides, with limited molecular expertise or infrastructure, the Idylla has the potential to extend EGFR testing to more pathology laboratories in primary hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqing Jia
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Ren
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Xue
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianming Bai
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianlan Yao
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Huang HN, Hung PF, Chen YP, Lee CH. Leucine Zipper Downregulated in Cancer-1 Interacts with Clathrin Adaptors to Control Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Internalization and Gefitinib Response in EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1374. [PMID: 38338651 PMCID: PMC10855387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a common driver of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Clathrin-mediated internalization (CMI) sustains EGFR signaling. AXL is associated with resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in EGFR-mutated (EGFRM) NSCLC. We investigated the effects of Leucine zipper downregulated in cancer-1 (LDOC1) on EGFR CMI and NSCLC treatment. Coimmunoprecipitation, double immunofluorescence staining, confocal microscopy analysis, cell surface labelling assays, and immunohistochemistry studies were conducted. We revealed that LDOC1 interacts with clathrin adaptors through binding motifs. LDOC1 depletion promotes internalization and plasma membrane recycling of EGFR in EGFRM NSCLC PC9 and HCC827 cells. Membranous and cytoplasmic EGFR decreased and increased, respectively, in LDOC1 (-) NSCLC tumors. LDOC1 depletion enhanced and sustained activation of EGFR, AXL, and HER2 and enhanced activation of HER3 in PC9 and HCC827 cells. Sensitivity to first-generation EGFR-TKIs (gefitinib and erlotinib) was significantly reduced in LDOC1-depleted PC9 and HCC827 cells. Moreover, LDOC1 downregulation was significantly associated (p < 0.001) with poor overall survival in patients with EGFRM NSCLC receiving gefitinib (n = 100). In conclusion, LDOC1 may regulate the efficacy of first-generation EGFR-TKIs by participating in the CMI of EGFR. Accordingly, LDOC1 may function as a prognostic biomarker for EGFRM NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Neng Huang
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, No. 25, Ln. 442, Section 1, Jingguo Road, North Dist., Hsinchu 300195, Taiwan;
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Jen Ai Road Section 1, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Feng Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan 350401, Taiwan; (P.-F.H.); (Y.-P.C.)
| | - Yai-Ping Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan 350401, Taiwan; (P.-F.H.); (Y.-P.C.)
| | - Chia-Huei Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan 350401, Taiwan; (P.-F.H.); (Y.-P.C.)
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13
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Chen Q, Jia G, Zhang X, Ma W. Targeting HER3 to overcome EGFR TKI resistance in NSCLC. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1332057. [PMID: 38239350 PMCID: PMC10794487 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1332057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play a crucial role in cellular signaling and oncogenic progression. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs) have become the standard treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGFR-sensitizing mutations, but resistance frequently emerges between 10 to 14 months. A significant factor in this resistance is the role of human EGFR 3 (HER3), an EGFR family member. Despite its significance, effective targeting of HER3 is still developing. This review aims to bridge this gap by deeply examining HER3's pivotal contribution to EGFR TKI resistance and spotlighting emerging HER3-centered therapeutic avenues, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), TKIs, and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Preliminary results indicate combining HER3-specific treatments with EGFR TKIs enhances antitumor effects, leading to an increased objective response rate (ORR) and prolonged overall survival (OS) in resistant cases. Embracing HER3-targeting therapies represents a transformative approach against EGFR TKI resistance and emphasizes the importance of further research to optimize patient stratification and understand resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxue Ma
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Stem Cell Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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14
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Shaban N, Kamashev D, Emelianova A, Buzdin A. Targeted Inhibitors of EGFR: Structure, Biology, Biomarkers, and Clinical Applications. Cells 2023; 13:47. [PMID: 38201251 PMCID: PMC10778338 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Members of the EGFR family of tyrosine kinase receptors are major regulators of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival. In humans, abnormal activation of EGFR is associated with the development and progression of many cancer types, which makes it an attractive target for molecular-guided therapy. Two classes of EGFR-targeted cancer therapeutics include monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which bind to the extracellular domain of EGFR, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which mostly target the intracellular part of EGFR and inhibit its activity in molecular signaling. While EGFR-specific mAbs and three generations of TKIs have demonstrated clinical efficacy in various settings, molecular evolution of tumors leads to apparent and sometimes inevitable resistance to current therapeutics, which highlights the need for deeper research in this field. Here, we tried to provide a comprehensive and systematic overview of the rationale, molecular mechanisms, and clinical significance of the current EGFR-targeting drugs, highlighting potential candidate molecules in development. We summarized the underlying mechanisms of resistance and available personalized predictive approaches that may lead to improved efficacy of EGFR-targeted therapies. We also discuss recent developments and the use of specific therapeutic strategies, such as multi-targeting agents and combination therapies, for overcoming cancer resistance to EGFR-specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Shaban
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia; (D.K.); (A.B.)
- Laboratory for Translational Genomic Bioinformatics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Dmitri Kamashev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia; (D.K.); (A.B.)
- Laboratory for Translational Genomic Bioinformatics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Institute of Personalized Oncology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Emelianova
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Anton Buzdin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia; (D.K.); (A.B.)
- Laboratory for Translational Genomic Bioinformatics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Institute of Personalized Oncology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- PathoBiology Group, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Lv X, Li Y, Wang B, Wang Y, Pan Y, Li C, Hou D. Multisequence MRI-based radiomics analysis for early prediction of the risk of T790M resistance in new brain metastases. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:8599-8610. [PMID: 38106277 PMCID: PMC10722019 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Predicting whether T790M emerges early is crucial to the adjustment of targeted drugs for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of T790M resistance in progressive new brain metastases (BMs) based on multisequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics. Methods This retrospective study included 405 consecutive patients (training cohort: 294 patients; testing cohort: 111 patients) with proven NSCLC with disease progression of new BM. The radiomics features were separately extracted from T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1-CE) sequence of baseline MRI. Then, we calculated radiomics scores (rad-score) of the 4 sequences respectively and established predictive models (lesion- or patient-level) to evaluate T790M resistance within up to 14 months using random forest classifier. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and F1 scores were used to validate the performance of two models in both the training and testing cohort. Results There were significant differences in rad-scores of the four sequences between T790M-positive and negative groups whether in the training or testing cohort (P<0.05). The lesion-level model consisting of rad-scores showed excellent discrimination, with an area under the curve (AUC) and F1-score of 0.879 and 0.798 in the training cohort, and 0.834 and 0.742 in the testing cohort, respectively. The patient-level model also showed a favorable discriminatory ability with an AUC and F1 score of 0.851 and 0.837, which was confirmed with an AUC and F1 score of 0.734 and 0.716 in the testing cohort. Conclusions The MRI-based radiomics signatures may be new markers to identify patients at high risk of developing resistance in the early period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinna Lv
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxi Pan
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Chenghai Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dailun Hou
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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16
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Hsu R, Benjamin DJ. A narrative review of antibody-drug conjugates in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1252652. [PMID: 38107063 PMCID: PMC10722249 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1252652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past 15 years, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment has changed with the discovery of mutations and the development of new targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was the first mutation in NSCLC to have a drug that was FDA-approved in 2013. Osimertinib, a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is approved as first-line therapy for advanced NSCLC and in the adjuvant setting for Stage IB-IIIA resected NSCLC. However, resistance to osimertinib is inevitably an issue, and thus patterns of resistance to EGFR-mutated NSCLC have been studied, including MET amplification, EGFR C797X-acquired mutation, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) amplification, and transformation to small cell and squamous cell lung cancer. Current management for EGFR-mutated NSCLC upon progression of EGFR TKI is limited at this time to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, sometimes in combination with the continuation of osimertinib. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are made up of a monoclonal antibody linked to a cytotoxic drug and are an increasingly popular class of drug being studied in NSCLC. Trastuzumab deruxtecan has received accelerated FDA approval in HER2-mutated NSCLC. ADCs offer a possible solution to finding a new treatment that could bypass the intracellular resistance mechanism. In this review article, we summarize the mechanism of ADCs and investigational ADCs for EGFR-mutated NSCLC, which include targets to MET amplification, HER3, Trop2, and EGFR, along with other ADC targets being investigated in NSCLC, and discuss future directions that may arise with ADCs in EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and Hospital, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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17
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Ferris HR, Stine NC, Hill-Eubanks DC, Nelson MT, Wellman GC, Koide M. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors in Vascular Endothelial Cells Contribute to Functional Hyperemia in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16284. [PMID: 38003472 PMCID: PMC10671586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional hyperemia-activity-dependent increases in local blood perfusion-underlies the on-demand delivery of blood to regions of enhanced neuronal activity, a process that is crucial for brain health. Importantly, functional hyperemia deficits have been linked to multiple dementia risk factors, including aging, chronic hypertension, and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). We previously reported crippled functional hyperemia in a mouse model of genetic cSVD that was likely caused by depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) in capillary endothelial cells (EC) downstream of impaired epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Here, using EC-specific EGFR-knockout (KO) mice, we directly examined the role of endothelial EGFR signaling in functional hyperemia, assessed by measuring increases in cerebral blood flow in response to contralateral whisker stimulation using laser Doppler flowmetry. Molecular characterizations showed that EGFR expression was dramatically decreased in freshly isolated capillaries from EC-EGFR-KO mice, as expected. Notably, whisker stimulation-induced functional hyperemia was significantly impaired in these mice, an effect that was rescued by administration of PIP2, but not by the EGFR ligand, HB-EGF. These data suggest that the deletion of the EGFR specifically in ECs attenuates functional hyperemia, likely via depleting PIP2 and subsequently incapacitating Kir2.1 channel functionality in capillary ECs. Thus, our study underscores the role of endothelial EGFR signaling in functional hyperemia of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R. Ferris
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (H.R.F.); (N.C.S.)
| | - Nathan C. Stine
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (H.R.F.); (N.C.S.)
| | - David C. Hill-Eubanks
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (H.R.F.); (N.C.S.)
| | - Mark T. Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (H.R.F.); (N.C.S.)
- Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - George C. Wellman
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (H.R.F.); (N.C.S.)
| | - Masayo Koide
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (H.R.F.); (N.C.S.)
- Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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18
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Zhang X, Guo X, Gao Q, Zhang J, Zheng J, Zhao G, Okuda K, Tartarone A, Jiang M. Association between cigarette smoking history, metabolic phenotypes, and EGFR mutation status in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:5689-5699. [PMID: 37969305 PMCID: PMC10636471 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking exerts a significant impact on metabolic phenotypes and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status; however, their correlation remains insufficiently established. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between cigarette smoking history, metabolic phenotypes, and EGFR mutation status in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We retrospectively analyzed 198 consecutive patients with NSCLC who underwent 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) before treatment and were tested for EGFR mutation status between September 2019 and March 2022. Metabolic phenotypes, including the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary tumors (pSUVmax), metastatic lymph nodes (nSUVmax), and distant metastases (mSUVmax) were assessed. Patients were classified into never-smokers and smokers based on detailed smoking history. The correlations between smoking status, metabolic parameters, and EGFR mutation status were evaluated in patients with NSCLC. Results We observed EGFR mutations in 73 (60.3%) of 121 never-smokers and 18 (23.4%) of 77 smokers (P<0.001). EGFR-mutant NSCLC had a lower pSUVmax than that of EGFR wild-type (WT; 8.9±4.5 vs. 12.7±6.9, P<0.001). Smokers had a higher pSUVmax than never-smokers (12.5±6.4 vs. 9.9±5.9, P=0.004). With the increase of cumulative smoking dose, the pSUVmax increased significantly (r=0.198, P=0.005). There was no significant difference between nSUVmax and mSUVmax in patients with or without EGFR mutation and smoking history. Cumulative smoking dose, pSUVmax, and their combination predicted EGFR mutation status with areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs) 0.688, 0.673, and 0.753, respectively. Conclusions Our findings indicate that cigarette smoking may be one of the triggers for increased pSUVmax and decreased EGFR mutations, further suggesting that EGFR mutations are associated with low pSUVmax, which may guide clinicians in risk stratification and treatment strategy selection for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiuyu Guo
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiaoling Gao
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianjun Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Guofang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Katsuhiro Okuda
- Department of Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Alfredo Tartarone
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS-CROB Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Maoqing Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
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19
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Majumder A. HER3: Toward the Prognostic Significance, Therapeutic Potential, Current Challenges, and Future Therapeutics in Different Types of Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:2517. [PMID: 37947595 PMCID: PMC10648638 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is the only family member of the EGRF/HER family of receptor tyrosine kinases that lacks an active kinase domain (KD), which makes it an obligate binding partner with other receptors for its oncogenic role. When HER3 is activated in a ligand-dependent (NRG1/HRG) or independent manner, it can bind to other receptors (the most potent binding partner is HER2) to regulate many biological functions (growth, survival, nutrient sensing, metabolic regulation, etc.) through the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. HER3 has been found to promote tumorigenesis, tumor growth, and drug resistance in different cancer types, especially breast and non-small cell lung cancer. Given its ubiquitous expression across different solid tumors and role in oncogenesis and drug resistance, there has been a long effort to target HER3. As HER3 cannot be targeted through its KD with small-molecule kinase inhibitors via the conventional method, pharmaceutical companies have used various other approaches, including blocking either the ligand-binding domain or extracellular domain for dimerization with other receptors. The development of treatment options with anti-HER3 monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, and different combination therapies showed limited clinical efficiency for various reasons. Recent reports showed that the extracellular domain of HER3 is not required for its binding with other receptors, which raises doubt about the efforts and applicability of the development of the HER3-antibodies for treatment. Whereas HER3-directed antibody-drug conjugates showed potentiality for treatment, these drugs are still under clinical trial. The currently understood model for dimerization-induced signaling remains incomplete due to the absence of the crystal structure of HER3 signaling complexes, and many lines of evidence suggest that HER family signaling involves more than the interaction of two members. This review article will significantly expand our knowledge of HER3 signaling and shed light on developing a new generation of drugs that have fewer side effects than the current treatment regimen for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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20
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Tan JL, Xia L, Sun SG, Zeng H, Lu DY, Cheng XJ. Prediction of EGFR mutation status in lung adenocarcinoma based on 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomic features. Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 13:230-244. [PMID: 38023818 PMCID: PMC10656631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The earlier identification of EGFR mutation status in lung adenocarcinoma patients is crucial for treatment decision-making. Radiomics, which involves high-throughput extraction of imaging features from medical images for quantitative analysis, can quantify tumor heterogeneity and assess tumor biology non-invasively. This field has gained attention from researchers in recent years. The aim of this study is to establish a model based on 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomic features to predict the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status of lung adenocarcinoma and evaluate its performance. 155 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scans and EGFR gene detection before treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The LIFEx packages was used to perform 3D volume of interest (VOI) segmentation manually on DICOM images and extract 128 radiomic features. The Wilcoxon rank sum test and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression algorithm were applied to filter the radiomic features and establish models. The performance of the models was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC). Among the models we have built, the radiomic model based on 18F-FDG PET/CT has the best prediction performance for EGFR gene mutation status, with an AUC of 0.90 (95% CI 0.84~0.96) in the training set and 0.79 (95% CI 0.64~0.94) in the test set. In conclusion, we have established a radiomics model based on 18F-FDG PET/CT, which has good predictive performance in identifying EGFR gene mutation status in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ling Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Wuhan Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Su-Guang Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Di-Yu Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Wuhan Central Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhan, Hubei, China
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Lee CH, Tsao YH, Weng YP, Wang IC, Chen YP, Hung PF. Therapeutic Effects of Perilla Phenols in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14931. [PMID: 37834377 PMCID: PMC10573788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The herbal medicine perilla leaf extract (PLE) exhibits various pharmacological properties. We showed that PLE inhibits the viability of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. HPLC analysis revealed that caffeic acid (CA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) are the two main phenols in PLE, and reduced OSCC cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal CA/RA combination ratio was 1:2 at concentrations of 300-500 μM but had no synergistic inhibitory effect on the viability of OSCC cells. CA, RA, or their combination effectively suppressed interleukin (IL)-1β secretion by OSCC OC3 cells. Long-term treatment with CA and CA/RA mixtures, respectively, induced EGFR activation, which might cause OC3 cells to become EGFR-dependent and consequently increased the sensitivity of OC3 cells to a low dose (5 μM) of the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. Chronic treatment with CA, RA, or their combination exhibited an inhibitory effect more potent than that of low-dose (1 μM) cisplatin on the colony formation ability of OSCC cells; this may be attributed to the induction of apoptosis by these treatments. These findings suggest that perilla phenols, particularly CA and RA, can be used as adjuvant therapies to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and EGFR-targeted therapy in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Huei Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (Y.-P.C.); (P.-F.H.)
| | - Yu-Hsin Tsao
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (Y.-P.C.); (P.-F.H.)
- Department of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Yui-Ping Weng
- Department of Acupressure Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan;
| | - I-Ching Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Ping Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (Y.-P.C.); (P.-F.H.)
| | - Pin-Feng Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; (Y.-H.T.); (Y.-P.C.); (P.-F.H.)
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22
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Li G, Song Z, Ru Y, Zhang J, Luo L, Yang W, Wu H, Jin H, Bao X, Wei D, Yan Z, Qu H, Zhu Z, Xue X, Zhou G. Small-molecule nanoprodrug with high drug loading and EGFR, PI3K/AKT dual-inhibiting properties for bladder cancer treatment. Exploration (Beijing) 2023; 3:20220141. [PMID: 37933289 PMCID: PMC10582605 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Although multiple efforts have been made, the 5-year survival rate of patients with BCa remains unchanged in recent years. Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is found in ≈74% of BCa tissue specimens; however, current EGFR-based targeted therapies show little benefit for BCa patients, as the EGFR downstream pathways appear to be circumvented by other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). In this study, two natural products are identified, namely triptolide (TPL) and hesperidin (HSP), that target and inhibit the EGFR and its downstream PI3K/AKT pathway in BCa. To synergistically combine triptolide and hesperidin, a succinic acid linker was employed to conjugate them and formed an amphiphilic TPL-HSP EGFR-targeting prodrug (THE), which further self-assembled to generate nanoparticles (THE NPs). These NPs allowed the EGFR-targeted delivery of the triptolide and hesperidin, and simultaneous inhibition of the EGFR and PI3K/AKT both in vitro and in vivo. This study provides a promising EGFR-targeted delivery approach with the dual inhibition of the EGFR and PI3K/AKT, while also exhibiting a high drug loading and low toxicity. Our formulation may be a suitable option to deliver natural products for BCa treatment by EGFR-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyin Li
- College of Life Science and AgronomyZhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukouHenanChina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyState Key Laboratory of Cancer BiologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Zewen Song
- Department of OncologyCentral South University Third Xiangya HospitalChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyState Key Laboratory of Cancer BiologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of PathologyXijing HospitalState Key Laboratory of Cancer BiologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research InstituteGuangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongChina
| | - Wei Yang
- Warshel Institute for Computational BiologySchool of Science and EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenChina
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related DiseasesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Haibao Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xuanwen Bao
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Di Wei
- Graduate SchoolDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Zhao Yan
- Graduate SchoolDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Haijing Qu
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityXi'anShanghaiChina
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Xiangdong Xue
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityXi'anShanghaiChina
| | - Gang Zhou
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular MedicineDepartment of Cell BiologyState Key Laboratory of Cancer BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxiChina
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Park S, Jung HA, Lee SH, Ahn JS, Ahn MJ, Sun JM. Real-world clinical evidence of lazertinib use in acquired EGFR T790M mutated non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:1912-1922. [PMID: 37854157 PMCID: PMC10579823 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Lazertinib is a third generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) designed to overcome EGFR T790M mutation. Currently, lazertinib is approved for usage in the acquired EGFR T790M mutation population based on promising clinical and safety profiles. In this study, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of lazertinib in acquired EGFR T790M mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in a real-world clinical setting. Methods Clinical outcomes of 103 patients treated with lazertinib, from July 2021 to August 2022, for NSCLC with acquired EGFR T790M mutation were retrospectively analyzed. EGFR T790M mutation was confirmed using either a cell-free EGFR test (48.5%) or a tissue-based test (51.5%). Results The median follow-up duration was 11.4 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 10.4-13.1], and 58.3% of patients remained on treatment at the time point of data analysis. The objective response rate was 72.8%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was not reached, and the PFS rates at 6 and 12 months were 81.7% and 65.1%, respectively. The median PFS in a subgroup treated with lazertinib based on T790M-positive tissue was significantly longer than that in a subgroup treated based on T790M-positive plasma (not reached vs. 14.5 months) (hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% CI: 0.21-0.87). Related to adverse events, there was no treatment-related mortality. However, the lazertinib dose was adjusted in 39 patients (37.9%), including 10 patients (9.7%) with permanent discontinuation. Peripheral sensory-motor related adverse events were observed in 65 patients (63.1%) (paresthesia: n=58; muscle cramping: n=24), leading to dose reduction and permanent discontinuation in 17 (16.5%) and 5 (4.9%) patients, respectively. There was no difference in PFS between the groups with and without dose-adjustment (P=0.40). Conclusions Our result demonstrates the real-world clinical efficacy of lazertinib in acquired EGFR T790M mutation. Although dose reduction due to adverse events was not uncommon, it did not impair clinical efficacy of lazertinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehhoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ferris HR, Hill-Eubanks DC, Nelson MT, Wellman GC, Koide M. Epidermal growth factor receptors in vascular endothelial cells contribute to functional hyperemia in the brain. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.15.557981. [PMID: 37745396 PMCID: PMC10516026 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.15.557981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Functional hyperemia - activity-dependent increases in local blood perfusion - underlies the on-demand delivery of blood to regions of enhanced neuronal activity, a process that is crucial for brain health. Importantly, functional hyperemia deficits have been linked to multiple dementia risk factors, including aging, chronic hypertension, and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). We previously reported crippled functional hyperemia in a mouse model of genetic cSVD that was likely caused by depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) in capillary endothelial cells (EC) downstream of impaired epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Here, using EC-specific EGFR-knockout (KO) mice, we directly examined the role of endothelial EGFR signaling in functional hyperemia, assessed by measuring increases in cerebral blood flow in response to contralateral whisker stimulation using laser Doppler flowmetry. Molecular characterizations showed that EGFR expression was dramatically decreased in freshly isolated capillaries from EC-EGFR-KO mice, as expected. Notably, whisker stimulation-induced functional hyperemia was significantly impaired in these mice, an effect that was rescued by exogenous administration of PIP2, but not by the EGFR ligand, HB-EGF. These data suggest that the deletion of the EGFR specifically in ECs depletes PIP2 and attenuates functional hyperemia, underscoring the central role of the endothelial EGFR signaling in cerebral blood flow regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R. Ferris
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - David C. Hill-Eubanks
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Mark T. Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - George C. Wellman
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Masayo Koide
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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25
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Dixit G, Pappas BA, Bhardwaj G, Schanz W, Maretzky T. Functional Distinctions of Endometrial Cancer-Associated Mutations in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Gene. Cells 2023; 12:2227. [PMID: 37759450 PMCID: PMC10526318 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional analysis of somatic mutations in tumorigenesis facilitates the development and optimization of personalized therapy for cancer patients. The fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene is frequently mutated in endometrial cancer (EC), but the functional implications of FGFR2 mutations in cancer development remain largely unexplored. In this study, we introduced a reliable and readily deployable screening method to investigate the effects of FGFR2 mutations. We demonstrated that distinct mutations in FGFR2 can lead to differential downstream consequences, specifically affecting a disintegrin- and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17)-dependent shedding of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Furthermore, we showed that the distribution of mutations within the FGFR2 gene can influence their oncogenic effects. Together, these findings provide important insights into the complex nature of FGFR2 mutations and their potential implications for EC. By unraveling the distinct effects of different mutations, our study contributes to the identification of personalized treatment strategies for patients with FGFR2-mutated cancers. This knowledge has the potential to guide the development of targeted therapies that specifically address the underlying molecular alterations associated with FGFR2 mutations, ultimately improving patient outcomes in EC and potentially other cancer types characterized by FGFR2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Dixit
- Inflammation Program and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.D.); (B.A.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Benjamin A. Pappas
- Inflammation Program and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.D.); (B.A.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Gourav Bhardwaj
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Willow Schanz
- Inflammation Program and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.D.); (B.A.P.); (W.S.)
| | - Thorsten Maretzky
- Inflammation Program and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (G.D.); (B.A.P.); (W.S.)
- Immunology Graduate Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Rizzo S, Sikorski E, Park S, Im W, Vasquez‐Montes V, Ladokhin AS, Thévenin D. Promoting the activity of a receptor tyrosine phosphatase with a novel pH-responsive transmembrane agonist inhibits cancer-associated phenotypes. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4742. [PMID: 37515426 PMCID: PMC10461461 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Cell signaling by receptor protein tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is tightly controlled by the counterbalancing actions of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs). Due to their role in attenuating the signal-initiating potency of RTKs, RPTPs have long been viewed as therapeutic targets. However, the development of activators of RPTPs has remained limited. We previously reported that the homodimerization of a representative member of the RPTP family (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor J or PTPRJ) is regulated by specific transmembrane (TM) residues. Disrupting this interaction by single point mutations promotes PTPRJ access to its RTK substrates (e.g., EGFR and FLT3), reduces RTK's phosphorylation and downstream signaling, and ultimately antagonizes RTK-driven cell phenotypes. Here, we designed and tested a series of first-in-class pH-responsive TM peptide agonists of PTPRJ that are soluble in aqueous solution but insert as a helical TM domain in lipid membranes when the pH is lowered to match that of the acidic microenvironment of tumors. The most promising peptide reduced EGFR's phosphorylation and inhibited cancer cell EGFR-driven migration and proliferation, similar to the PTPRJ's TM point mutations. Developing tumor-selective and TM-targeting peptide binders of critical RPTPs could afford a potentially transformative approach to studying RPTP's selectivity mechanism without requiring less specific inhibitors and represent a novel class of therapeutics against RTK-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Rizzo
- Department of ChemistryLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Eden Sikorski
- Department of ChemistryLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Soohyung Park
- Department of Biological SciencesLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Wonpil Im
- Department of ChemistryLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Victor Vasquez‐Montes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Alexey S. Ladokhin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Damien Thévenin
- Department of ChemistryLehigh UniversityBethlehemPennsylvaniaUSA
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Fong CH, Meti N, Kruser T, Weiss J, Liu ZA, Takami H, Narita Y, de Moraes FY, Dasgupta A, Ong CK, Yang JCH, Lee JH, Kosyak N, Pavlakis N, Kongkham P, Doherty M, Leighl NB, Shultz DB. Recommended first-line management of asymptomatic brain metastases from EGFR mutant and ALK positive non-small cell lung cancer varies significantly according to specialty: an international survey of clinical practice. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:4367-4378. [PMID: 37691657 PMCID: PMC10482634 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-22-697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Background The role for radiotherapy or surgery in the upfront management of brain metastases (BrM) in epidermal growth factor receptor mutant (EGFRm) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase translocation positive (ALK+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is uncertain because of a lack of prospective evidence supporting tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy. Further understanding of practice heterogeneity is necessary to guide collaborative efforts in establishing guideline recommendations. Methods We conducted an international survey among medical (MO), clinical (CO), and radiation oncologists (RO), as well as neurosurgeons (NS), of treatment recommendations for asymptomatic BrM (in non-eloquent regions) EGFRm or ALK+ NSCLC patients according to specific clinical scenarios. We grouped and compared treatment recommendations according to specialty. Responses were summarized using counts and percentages and analyzed using the Fisher exact test. Results A total of 449 surveys were included in the final analysis: 48 CO, 85 MO, 60 NS, and 256 RO. MO and CO were significantly more likely than RO and NS to recommend first-line TKI monotherapy, regardless of the number and/or size of asymptomatic BrM (in non-eloquent regions). Radiotherapy in addition to TKI as first-line management was preferred by all specialties for patients with ≥4 BrM. NS recommended surgical resection more often than other specialties for BrM measuring >2 cm. Conclusions Recommendations for the management of BrM from EGFRm or ALK+ NSCLC vary significantly according to oncology sub-specialties. Development of multidisciplinary guidelines and further research on establishing optimal treatment strategies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Heng Fong
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nicholas Meti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Timothy Kruser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jessica Weiss
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zhihui Amy Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hirokazu Takami
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Archya Dasgupta
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - James C. H. Yang
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - Jih Hsiang Lee
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - Natalya Kosyak
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Paul Kongkham
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark Doherty
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Natasha B. Leighl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - David B. Shultz
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
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Kujtan L, Subramanian J. Telisotuzumab vedotin with erlotinib in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: a well MET combination? Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:1826-1829. [PMID: 37691875 PMCID: PMC10483073 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Kujtan
- Richard and Annette Bloch Cancer Center, University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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29
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Lefebvre C, Pellizzari S, Bhat V, Jurcic K, Litchfield DW, Allan AL. Involvement of the AKT Pathway in Resistance to Erlotinib and Cabozantinib in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2406. [PMID: 37760847 PMCID: PMC10525382 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) presents a significant challenge in therapeutic target development for cancers such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), where conventional therapies are ineffective at combatting systemic disease. Due to increased expression, the receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and c-Met are potential targets for treatment. However, targeted anti-EGFR and anti-c-Met therapies have faced mixed results in clinical trials due to acquired resistance. We hypothesize that adaptive responses in regulatory kinase networks within the EGFR and c-Met signaling axes contribute to the development of acquired erlotinib and cabozantinib resistance. To test this, we developed two separate models for cabozantinib and erlotinib resistance using the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines, respectively. We observed that erlotinib- or cabozantinib-resistant cell lines demonstrate enhanced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and activation of EGFR or c-Met downstream signaling (respectively). Using a SILAC (Stable Isotope Labeling of Amino acids in Cell Culture)-labeled quantitative mass spectrometry proteomics approach, we assessed the effects of erlotinib or cabozantinib resistance on the phosphoproteome, proteome, and kinome. Using this integrated proteomics approach, we identified several potential kinase mediators of cabozantinib resistance and confirmed the contribution of AKT1 to erlotinib resistance in TNBC-resistant cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Lefebvre
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (C.L.); (S.P.); (V.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Sierra Pellizzari
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (C.L.); (S.P.); (V.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Vasudeva Bhat
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (C.L.); (S.P.); (V.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Kristina Jurcic
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (K.J.); (D.W.L.)
| | - David W. Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (K.J.); (D.W.L.)
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Alison L. Allan
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; (C.L.); (S.P.); (V.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
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30
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Patel SR, Neal JW. Adjuvant osimertinib for resected EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: a game-changer? Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:1631-1635. [PMID: 37577327 PMCID: PMC10413020 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel W. Neal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Lakkunarajah S, Truong PT, Bone JN, Hughesman C, Yip S, Alex D, Hart J, Pollock P, Egli S, Clarkson M, Lesperance M, Ksienski D. First-line osimertinib for patients with EGFR-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: efficacy and safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:1454-1465. [PMID: 37577326 PMCID: PMC10413024 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Background The FLAURA trial demonstrated improved overall survival (OS) with first-line osimertinib for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We studied the efficacy and safety of osimertinib in a cohort treated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods Patients diagnosed with EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC between 11 March 2020 to 31 December 2021 who received first-line osimertinib in British Columbia, Canada were identified retrospectively. Kaplan-Meier curves of OS and progression-free survival (PFS) from the start of osimertinib were plotted. The associations of baseline characteristics with PFS, and development of pneumonitis or dose reductions due to toxicity with OS were evaluated with hazard ratios estimated using univariable and multivariable Cox models. Results The cohort comprised 231 individuals. 58.7% of patients with de novo advanced NSCLC were initially diagnosed after presentation to the Emergency Room. At osimertinib initiation, 31.6% were aged ≥75 years and 45.5% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) ≥2. Median PFS and OS were 18.0 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 16.1-26.2] and 25.4 months (95% CI: 20.3-not reached), respectively. On multivariable analysis, age ≥75 years (vs. <75), ECOG PS 2/3 (vs. 0/1), ECOG PS 4 (vs. 0/1), current smokers (vs. never smokers), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression ≥50% (vs. <1%), and L858R mutation (vs. exon 19 deletion) were associated with shorter PFS. Among 110 patients who progressed, 33.6% received subsequent therapy. A proportion of 16.5% of the cohort developed grade ≥3 adverse events. Pneumonitis from osimertinib (3.9% incidence) was weakly associated with shorter OS (hazard ratio: 2.59, 95% CI: 0.94-7.12, P=0.066); dose reductions were not associated with worse OS. 10.8% of patients developed COVID-19. Conclusions In a cohort receiving first-line osimertinib during the COVID-19 pandemic, ECOG PS ≥2 was observed in nearly half of patients at treatment initiation contributing to a median OS shorter than in FLAURA. The incidence of severe adverse events was low and dose reduction for drug toxicity did not impact OS. Identifying and reducing barriers to the diagnosis of NSCLC during the COVID-19 pandemic are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pauline T. Truong
- BC Cancer-Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey N. Bone
- Biostatistics, Clinical Research Support Unit, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Stephen Yip
- BC Cancer-Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deepu Alex
- BC Cancer-Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jason Hart
- BC Cancer-Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Egli
- BC Cancer-Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Mary Lesperance
- University of Victoria, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Doran Ksienski
- BC Cancer-Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Agrafiotis AC, Van Schil PE. Operable non-small cell lung cancer: induction therapy, adjuvant therapy, or both? J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:3519-3521. [PMID: 37559599 PMCID: PMC10407493 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos C Agrafiotis
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul E Van Schil
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Liu D, Lu X, Huang W, Zhuang W. Long non-coding RNAs in non-small cell lung cancer: implications for EGFR-TKI resistance. Front Genet 2023; 14:1222059. [PMID: 37456663 PMCID: PMC10349551 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1222059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common types of malignant tumors as well as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. The application of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has dramatically improved the prognosis of NSCLC patients who harbor EGFR mutations. However, despite an excellent initial response, NSCLC inevitably becomes resistant to EGFR-TKIs, leading to irreversible disease progression. Hence, it is of great significance to shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical gene modulators that are able to act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors that modulate tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Recently, extensive evidence demonstrates that lncRNAs also have a significant function in modulating EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the lncRNAs involved in EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC and focus on their detailed mechanisms of action, including activation of alternative bypass signaling pathways, phenotypic transformation, intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment, competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) networks, and epigenetic modifications. In addition, we briefly discuss the limitations and the clinical implications of current lncRNAs research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wentao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Lawal B, Kuo YC, Wu ATH, Huang HS. Therapeutic potential of EGFR/mTOR/Nf-kb targeting small molecule for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:2598-2616. [PMID: 37424807 PMCID: PMC10326574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the therapeutic advancement with chemotherapy and targeted therapy against non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), most patients ultimately develop resistance to these drugs, exhibiting disease progression, metastasis, and worse prognosis. There is, therefore, a need for the development of novel multi-targeted therapies that can offer a high therapeutic index with lesser chances of drug resistance against NSCLC. In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of a novel multi-target small molecule NLOC-015A for targeted treatment of NSCLC. Our in vitro studies revealed that NLOC-015A exhibited a broad spectrum of anticancer activities against lung cancer cell line. NLOC-015A decreased the viability of H1975 and H1299 cells with respective IC50 values of 2.07±0.19 and 1.90±0.23 µm. In addition, NLOC-015A attenuated the oncogenic properties (colony formation, migratory ability, and spheroid formation) with concomitant downregulation of expression levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/AKT, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, signaling network. In addition, the stemness inhibitory effect of NLOC0-15A was accompanied by decreased expression levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), MYC Proto-Oncogene (C-Myc), and (sex-determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2) in both H1975 and H1299 cell lines. Furthermore, NLOC-015A suppressed the tumor burden and increased the body weight and survival of H1975 xenograft-bearing mice. Treatment with NLOC-015A also attenuated biochemical and hematological alterations in the tumor bearing mice. Interestingly, NLOC-015A synergistically enhanced the in vitro efficacy, and therapeutic outcome of osimertinib in vivo. In addition, the toxicity of osimertinib was significantly attenuated by combination with NLOC-015A. Altogether, our findings suggested that combining osimertinib with NLOC-015 appears to be a promising way to improve osimertinib's efficacy and achieve better therapeutic results against NSCLC. We therefore suggest that NLOC-015A might represent a new candidate for treating NSCLC via acting as a multitarget inhibitor of EGFR/mTOR/NF-Κb signaling networks and efficiently compromising the oncogenic phenotype of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Lawal
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Yu-Cheng Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Post-baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Alexander TH Wu
- The PhD Program of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
- Clinical Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical CenterTaipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Shan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical CenterTaipei 11490, Taiwan
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia SinicaTaipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical CenterTaipei 11490, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei 11031, Taiwan
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Ding J, Leng Z, Gu H, Jing X, Song Y. Etoposide/platinum plus anlotinib for patients with transformed small-cell lung cancer from EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma after EGFR-TKI resistance: a retrospective and observational study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1153131. [PMID: 37361601 PMCID: PMC10288518 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1153131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The histological conversion of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) into small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an important resistance mechanism for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistant LUAD. Anlotinib has been recommended as the third-line treatment for SCLC patients. The efficacy of etoposide/platinum (EP) as the main treatment is very limited for patients with transformed SCLC. However, little is known about EP plus anlotinib for transformed SCLC. The present study retrospectively explored the clinical response to EP combined with anlotinib in patients with transformed SCLC from LUAD after EGFR-TKI failure. Methods A total of 10 patients who underwent SCLC transformation from EGFR-TKI-resistant LUAD were retrospectively reviewed from September 1, 2019, to December 31, 2022, in three regional hospitals. All of the patients were treated with the combination regimen of EP and anlotinib for four to six cycles, followed by anlotinib maintenance therapy. The clinical efficacy indices including objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), median progression-free survival (mPFS), median overall survival (mOS), and toxicities were evaluated. Results The median time from EGFR-TKI treatment to SCLC conversion was 20.1 ± 2.76 months (17-24 months). Genetic examination after transformation showed that 90% of the patients retained their original EGFR gene mutations. Additional driver genes were found, including BRAF mutation (10%), PIK3CA mutation (20%), RB1 loss (50%), and TP53 mutation (60%). The ORR and DCR were 80% and 100%, respectively. The mPFS was 9.0 months (95% CI, 7.9-10.1 months), and the mOS was 14.0 months (95% CI, 12.0-15.9 months). Less than 10% of grade 3 toxicities were observed, and no grade 4 toxicity and death events were reported. Conclusion The EP plus anlotinib regimen appears to be a promising and safe strategy in transformed SCLC patients after EGFR-TKI resistance, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Ding
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Jiujiang University Affiliated Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhaohui Leng
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Jiujiang University Affiliated Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hong Gu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ruichang People Hospital, Ruichang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiang Jing
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Lushan People Hospital, Lushan, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yun Song
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Jiujiang University Affiliated Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
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Shao H, Wells A. Deciphering the molecular mechanism of enhanced tumor activity of the EGFR variant T790M/L858R using melanoma cell lines. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1163504. [PMID: 37333807 PMCID: PMC10272518 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1163504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The abnormal expression and mutagenesis of EGFR drives both the development and progression of a multitude of human cancers. Further mutations within the tyrosine kinase region of the EGFR subsequently contribute to resistance to targeted drugs. What is not known is how these mutations affect progression-related behaviors of cancer cells. Methods The mutagenesis of EGFR T790M, L858R, and T790M/L858R was performed via oligo primer-guided polymerase chain reaction (PCR). GFP-tagged mammalian expression vectors were constructed and confirmed. Stable melanoma cell lines WM983A and WM983B expressing WT or mutant EGFRs were generated for determining the functions of WT and mutant EGFRs in migration, invasion, and resistance to doxorubicin. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the transphosphorylation and autophosphorylation of WT and mutant EGFRs and other molecules. Results The EGFR mutant T790M/L858R showed significantly higher basal autophosphorylation in melanoma cell lines WM983A and WM983B. Overexpression of WT EGFR significantly enhanced the protein level of E-cadherin (E-cad) via upregulating its mRNA. In contrast, L858R significantly downregulated E-cad. Biological activity assays show that T790M/L858R presented significant enhancement in vitro in invasion and migration, while WT and T790M moderately inhibited invasion and migration. In WM983A cells, enhanced invasion and migration by T790M/L858R required the downstream signaling pathways through Akt and p38. T790M/L858R dramatically triggers phosphorylation of actin cross-linking protein alpha-actinin-4 in the absence of EGF. This double mutant also conferred resistance to a general chemotherapy doxorubicin through Akt but not the p38 signaling pathway. Conclusion These findings suggest that T790M/L858R not only confers enhanced therapeutic resistance in cancer cell lines but also may promote tumor metastasis via its boosted downstream signaling pathways and/or direct phosphorylation of other key proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanshuang Shao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
- Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
- Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Feng A, He L, Jiang J, Chu Y, Zhang Z, Fang K, Wang Z, Li Z, Sun M, Zhao Z, Shi J, Zhang L, Chen T, Xu M. Homeobox A7 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression through C-C motif chemokine ligand 2-mediated tumor-associated macrophage recruitment. Cancer Sci 2023. [PMID: 37248653 PMCID: PMC10394159 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeobox A7 (HOXA7) plays essential roles in multiple malignancies and was reported to be overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, its functions in the ESCC tumor microenvironment remain to be explored. In this study, we showed that HOXA7 was overexpressed in ESCC among HOXA family members and correlated with tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration both in The Cancer Genome Atlas database and ESCC clinical samples. Moreover, transactivation of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) by HOXA7 was identified (real-time quantitative PCR [RT-qPCR], western blot analysis, ELISA, and ChIP-qPCR), which was detected to drive chemotaxis and M2 polarization of macrophages both in vitro (Transwell assay) and in vivo (xenograft tumors models). In addition, CCL2 triggers macrophage expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) (RT-qPCR and ELISA), which promotes tumor proliferation and metastasis by activating its receptor EGFR. In addition, EGF-induced ESCC cell proliferation and migration can be abrogated by HOXA7 knockdown (CCK-8 proliferation assay, EdU fluorescence, and Transwell assay). These results indicate a novel mechanistic role of HOXA7 in the cross-talk between ESCC and TAMs, which could be an underlying therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Feng
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingnan He
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiakai Jiang
- Changzhou Third People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Chu
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Fang
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoxing Li
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingchuang Sun
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziying Zhao
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianing Shi
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meidong Xu
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Umemori K, Ono K, Eguchi T, Kawai H, Nakamura T, Ogawa T, Yoshida K, Kanemoto H, Sato K, Obata K, Ryumon S, Yutori H, Katase N, Okui T, Nagatsuka H, Ibaragi S. EpEX, the soluble extracellular domain of EpCAM, resists cetuximab treatment of EGFR-high head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2023; 142:106433. [PMID: 37236125 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cetuximab (Cmab) is a molecularly targeted monoclonal antibody drug for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), although cetuximab resistance is a serious challenge. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is an established marker for many epithelial tumors, while the soluble EpCAM extracellular domain (EpEX) functions as a ligand for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We investigated the expression of EpCAM in HNSC, its involvement in Cmab action, and the mechanism by which soluble EpEX activated EGFR and played key roles in Cmab resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first examined EPCAM expression in HNSCs and its clinical significance by searching gene expression array databases. We then examined the effects of soluble EpEX and Cmab on intracellular signaling and Cmab efficacy in HNSC cell lines (HSC-3 and SAS). RESULTS EPCAM expression was found to be enhanced in HNSC tumor tissues compared to normal tissues, and the enhancement was correlated with stage progression and prognosis. Soluble EpEX activated the EGFR-ERK signaling pathway and nuclear translocation of EpCAM intracellular domains (EpICDs) in HNSC cells. EpEX resisted the antitumor effect of Cmab in an EGFR expression-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Soluble EpEX activates EGFR to increase Cmab resistance in HNSC cells. The EpEX-activated Cmab resistance in HNSC is potentially mediated by the EGFR-ERK signaling pathway and the EpCAM cleavage-induced nuclear translocation of EpICD. High expression and cleavage of EpCAM are potential biomarkers for predicting the clinical efficacy and resistance to Cmab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Umemori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Kisho Ono
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.
| | - Takanori Eguchi
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hotaka Kawai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ogawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Yoshida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hideka Kanemoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Kohei Sato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Obata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shoji Ryumon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yutori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Naoki Katase
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Okui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ibaragi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
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Pretelli G, Spagnolo CC, Ciappina G, Santarpia M, Pasello G. Overview on Therapeutic Options in Uncommon EGFR Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): New Lights for an Unmet Medical Need. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108878. [PMID: 37240224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations (85-90%) are exon 19 deletions and L858R point mutations of exon 21, characterized by high sensitivity to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Less is known about uncommon mutations (10-15% of EGFR mutations). The predominant mutation types in this category include exon 18 point mutations, exon 21 L861X, exon 20 insertions, and exon 20 S768I. This group shows a heterogeneous prevalence, partly due to different testing methods and to the presence of compound mutations, which in some cases can lead to shorter overall survival and different sensitivity to different TKIs compared to simple mutations. Additionally, EGFR-TKI sensitivity may also vary depending on the specific mutation and the tertiary structure of the protein. The best strategy remains uncertain, and the data of EGFR-TKIs efficacy are based on few prospective and some retrospective series. Newer investigational agents are still under study, and there are no other approved specific treatments targeting uncommon EGFR mutations. Defining the best treatment option for this patient population remains an unmet medical need. The objective of this review is to evaluate existing data on the outcomes, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics of lung cancer patients with rare EGFR mutations, with a focus on intracranial activity and response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pretelli
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Calogera Claudia Spagnolo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ciappina
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Pasello
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Oncologia Medica 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Jiang Y, Huang C, Huang Y, Long L, Wu G, Guo F, Huang C, Liu S, Zhu Z, Wu S, Li Z, Zhang J, Wan S. A Novel and Highly Selective Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor, SMUZ106, for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051501. [PMID: 37242743 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the potential ways to treat glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we investigate the anti-GBM tumor effects of the EGFR inhibitor SMUZ106 in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The effects of SMUZ106 on the growth and proliferation of GBM cells were explored through MTT and clone formation experiments. Additionally, flow cytometry experiments were conducted to study the effects of SMUZ106 on the cell cycle and apoptosis of GBM cells. The inhibitory activity and selectivity of SMUZ106 to the EGFR protein were proved by Western blotting, molecular docking, and kinase spectrum screening methods. We also conducted a pharmacokinetic analysis of SMUZ106 hydrochloride following i.v. or p.o. administration to mice and assessed the acute toxicity level of SMUZ106 hydrochloride following p.o. administration to mice. Subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft models of U87MG-EGFRvIII cells were established to assess the antitumor activity of SMUZ106 hydrochloride in vivo. SMUZ106 could inhibit the growth and proliferation of GBM cells, especially for the U87MG-EGFRvIII cells with a mean IC50 value of 4.36 μM. Western blotting analyses showed that compound SMUZ106 inhibits the level of EGFR phosphorylation in GBM cells. It was also shown that SMUZ106 targets EGFR and presents high selectivity. In vivo, the absolute bioavailability of SMUZ106 hydrochloride was 51.97%, and its LD50 exceeded 5000 mg/kg. SMUZ106 hydrochloride significantly inhibited GBM growth in vivo. Furthermore, SMUZ106 inhibited the activity of U87MG-resistant cells induced by temozolomide (TMZ) (IC50: 7.86 μM). These results suggest that SMUZ106 hydrochloride has the potential to be used as a treatment method for GBM as an EGFR inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunhui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yaqi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lifan Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guowu Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fengqiu Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chuan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Siming Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shaoyu Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhonghuang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiajie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shanhe Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Kris MG, Mitsudomi T, Peters S. Adjuvant therapies in stages I-III epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated lung cancer: current and future perspectives. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:824-836. [PMID: 37197636 PMCID: PMC10183392 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-22-723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Surgical resection followed by adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the recommended treatment for patients with completely resected stage IB-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Even with the best management, recurrence is common and increases with disease stage (stage I: 26-45%; stage II: 42-62%; stage III: 70-77%). For patients with metastatic lung cancer and tumours that harbour epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have improved survival. Their effectiveness in advanced stages of NSCLC raises the possibility that these agents may improve outcomes for patients with resectable EGFR-mutated lung cancer. In the ADAURA study, adjuvant osimertinib provided a significant improvement in disease-free survival (DFS) and reduced central nervous system (CNS) disease recurrence in patients with resected stage IB-IIIA EGFR-mutated NSCLC, with or without prior adjuvant chemotherapy. To reap the maximum benefits of EGFR-TKIs for patients with lung cancer, the early and rapid identification of EGFR mutations [and other oncogenic drivers, such as programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), with matched targeted therapies] in diagnostic pathologic specimens has become essential. To ensure patients receive the most appropriate treatment, routine, comprehensive histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses (with multiplex next generation sequencing) should be undertaken at the time of diagnosis. The potential for personalised treatments to cure more patients with early-stage lung cancer can only be realised if all therapies are considered when the care plan is formulated, by the multi-specialty experts managing patients. In this review, we discuss the progress and prospects for adjuvant treatments as part of a comprehensive plan of care for patients with resected stages I-III EGFR-mutated lung cancer, and explore how the field could go beyond DFS and overall survival to make cure a more frequent outcome of treatment in patients with resected EGFR-mutated lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G. Kris
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Solange Peters
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Xiao Z, Cai H, Wang Y, Cui R, Huo L, Lee EYP, Liang Y, Li X, Hu Z, Chen L, Zhang N. Deep learning for predicting epidermal growth factor receptor mutations of non-small cell lung cancer on PET/CT images. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:1286-1299. [PMID: 36915325 PMCID: PMC10006109 DOI: 10.21037/qims-22-760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Predicting the mutation status of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene based on an integrated positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) image of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a noninvasive, low-cost method which is valuable for targeted therapy. Although deep learning has been very successful in robotic vision, it is still challenging to predict gene mutations in PET/CT-derived studies because of the small amount of medical data and the different parameters of PET/CT devices. Methods We used the advanced EfficientNet-V2 model to predict the EGFR mutation based on fused PET/CT images. First, we extracted 3-dimensional (3D) pulmonary nodules from PET and CT as regions of interest (ROIs). We then fused each single PET and CT image. The network model was used to predict the mutation status of lung nodules by the new data after fusion, and the model was weighted adaptively. The EfficientNet-V2 model used multiple channels to represent nodules comprehensively. Results We trained the EfficientNet-V2 model through our PET/CT fusion algorithm using a dataset of 150 patients. The prediction accuracy of EGFR and non-EGFR mutations was 86.25% in the training dataset, and the accuracy rate was 81.92% in the validation set. Conclusions Combined with experiments, the demonstrated PET/CT fusion algorithm outperformed radiomics methods in predicting EGFR and non-EGFR mutations in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Xiao
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haihua Cai
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of PET/CT Center, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruixue Cui
- Nuclear Medicine Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Center for Rare Diseases Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Huo
- Nuclear Medicine Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Center for Rare Diseases Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Elaine Yuen-Phin Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Clinical School of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhanli Hu
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of PET/CT Center, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Qiao L, Sinha S, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Lo IC, Midde KK, Ngo T, Aznar N, Lopez-Sanchez I, Gupta V, Farquhar MG, Rangamani P, Ghosh P. A circuit for secretion-coupled cellular autonomy in multicellular eukaryotic cells. Mol Syst Biol 2023; 19:e11127. [PMID: 36856068 PMCID: PMC10090951 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202211127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers represent complex autonomous systems, displaying self-sufficiency in growth signaling. Autonomous growth is fueled by a cancer cell's ability to "secrete-and-sense" growth factors (GFs): a poorly understood phenomenon. Using an integrated computational and experimental approach, here we dissect the impact of a feedback-coupled GTPase circuit within the secretory pathway that imparts secretion-coupled autonomy. The circuit is assembled when the Ras-superfamily monomeric GTPase Arf1, and the heterotrimeric GTPase Giαβγ and their corresponding GAPs and GEFs are coupled by GIV/Girdin, a protein that is known to fuel aggressive traits in diverse cancers. One forward and two key negative feedback loops within the circuit create closed-loop control, allow the two GTPases to coregulate each other, and convert the expected switch-like behavior of Arf1-dependent secretion into an unexpected dose-response alignment behavior of sensing and secretion. Such behavior translates into cell survival that is self-sustained by stimulus-proportionate secretion. Proteomic studies and protein-protein interaction network analyses pinpoint GFs (e.g., the epidermal GF) as key stimuli for such self-sustenance. Findings highlight how the enhanced coupling of two biological switches in cancer cells is critical for multiscale feedback control to achieve secretion-coupled autonomy of growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxia Qiao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacob's School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Saptarshi Sinha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - I-Chung Lo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Krishna K Midde
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tony Ngo
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Aznar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Inmaculada Lopez-Sanchez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vijay Gupta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marilyn G Farquhar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacob's School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Maansson CT, Helstrup S, Ebert EBF, Meldgaard P, Sorensen BS. Circulating immune response proteins predict the outcome following disease progression of osimertinib treated epidermal growth factor receptor-positive non-small cell lung cancer patients. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:14-26. [PMID: 36762069 PMCID: PMC9903085 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-22-577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Lung cancer patients with sensitizing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations treated with osimertinib will eventually develop progressive disease (PD). The survival following PD varies greatly between patients, and no effective treatment strategy has been established. Furthermore, at the moment, no easily accessible and precise biomarker exists that can predict the survival after PD. Methods We analyzed blood samples drawn from non-small cell lung cancer patients harboring EGFR mutations that were treated with osimertinib. The levels of 92 circulating proteins were analyzed from plasma samples using a proximity extension assay (PEA). The results were evaluated with Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis to reveal patterns of protein expression at progression while on osimertinib treatment. Results We found that the expression of 7 proteins were significantly altered at PD, compared to a sample taken at osimertinib response. GO enrichment analysis demonstrated that most of the significant proteins were related to the immune system, specifically the adaptive immune response. Defining two groups of patients, based on the levels of circulating immune response proteins at PD, revealed significant differences in the overall survival (OS) after PD [hazard ratio (HR) =3.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24-7.45; P=0.0046]. Conclusions In this study, we discover novel circulating biomarkers that can predict the OS after PD on osimertinib. These findings support the recent acknowledgement of the immune system's importance in osimertinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer T. Maansson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark;,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sofie Helstrup
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark;,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eva B. F. Ebert
- Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Peter Meldgaard
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Boe S. Sorensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark;,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Zubair T, Bandyopadhyay D. Small Molecule EGFR Inhibitors as Anti-Cancer Agents: Discovery, Mechanisms of Action, and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032651. [PMID: 36768973 PMCID: PMC9916655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) are a class of receptor tyrosine kinase that are also called ErbB1 and HER1. EGFR tyrosine kinase activity inhibition is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. Many small-molecule inhibitors of EGFR tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK), from medicinally privileged molecules to commercial drugs, have been overviewed. Particular attention has been paid to the structure of the molecule and its mechanism of action if reported. Subsequent classification of the molecules under discussion has been carried out. Both natural and synthetic and reversible and irreversible EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been discussed. Various types of cancers that are caused by overexpression of the EGFR gene, their possible molecular origins, and their natures have also been counted in this article. Because the EGFR signaling pathway controls the proliferation, growth, survival, and differentiation of cells, and the mutated EGFR gene overproduces EGFR protein, which ultimately causes several types of cancer, proper understanding of the molecular dynamics between the protein structure and its inhibitors will lead to more effective and selective EGFR-TKIs, which in turn will be able to save more lives in the battle against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzida Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Drive, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Debasish Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Drive, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
- School of Earth Environment & Marine Sciences (SEEMS), The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 West University Drive, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
- Correspondence:
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Bai L, Huo R, Fang G, Ma T, Shang Y. MMP11 is associated with the immune response and immune microenvironment in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1055122. [PMID: 36756152 PMCID: PMC9900007 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1055122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High expression of matrix metalloproteinase-11 (MMP11) is associated with various tumors and immune microenvironments. Conversely, poor response to immunotherapy in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients is closely related to the characteristics of immune microenvironment. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-LUAD database and our gathered clinical LUAD samples were used to examine the relationship between MMP11 expression and EGFR mutation. Then the correlation between MMP11 and immune response and the difference of immune cell infiltration in different groups were analyzed. Compared the differences in the immune microenvironment between the MMP11-positive and MMP11-negative expression groups using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and multiplex immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of MMP11 in samples with exon 19 deletions, exon 21 L858R or de novo exon 20 T790M mutations was higher than wild type, but there was no difference between the samples with uncommon mutation and the wild-type. The high MMP11 expression group had a higher Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) score. Pathways associated with enrichment in the extracellular matrix (ECM) were the main biological functions of differential genes between the high and low MMP11 groups. The IHC score of MMP11 in the EGFR-mutant group was higher than in the EGFR-wild group. In TCGA-LUAD, the high MMP11 group had a lower proportion of T cell CD8+ and NK cells activated. In the clinical samples, the infiltration levels of T cell CD8+ and NK cells in the tumor parenchyma of EGFR-mutant LUAD was lower in the MMP11-positive than in the MMP11-negative group. The expression levels of tumor cell PD-L1 were higher in the MMP11-positive expression group than in the MMP11-negative expression group, and the proportion of PD1+CD8+ T cells infiltrated was reduced in the MMP11-positive group compared to the MMP11-negative group. Conclusions High expression of MMP11 was associated with EGFR mutations. Patients with EGFR-mutant LUAD with high expression of MMP11 responded poorly to immunotherapy, and the percentage of T cell CD8+ and NK cells in immune cell infiltration was lower in MMP11. Consequently, MMP11 is related to the immunological microenvironment of EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma, which may be a predictor of possible immunotherapeutic response.
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Peng W, Yao C, Pan Q, Zhang Z, Ye J, Shen B, Zhou G, Fang Y. Novel considerations on EGFR-based therapy as a contributor to cancer cell death in NSCLC. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1120278. [PMID: 36910653 PMCID: PMC9995697 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1120278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represented by gefitinib and erlotinib are widely used in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI treatment remains a clinical challenge. In recent years, emerging research investigated in EGFR-TKI-based combination therapy regimens, and remarkable achievements have been reported. This article focuses on EGFR-TKI-based regimens, reviews the standard and novel application of EGFR targets, and summarizes the mechanisms of EGFR-TKI combinations including chemotherapy, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibodies, and immunotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC. Additionally, we summarize clinical trials of EGFR-TKI-based combination therapy expanding indications to EGFR mutation-negative lung malignancies. Moreover, novel strategies are under research to explore new drugs with good biocompatibility. Nanoparticles encapsulating non-coding RNA and chemotherapy of new dosage forms drawn great attention and showed promising prospects in effective delivery and stable release. Overall, as the development of resistance to EGFR-TKIs treatment is inevitable in most of the cases, further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanism of the resistance, and to evaluate and establish EGFR-TKI combination therapies to diversify the treatment landscape for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengyun Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjun Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoren Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Cheng WC, Shen YC, Chen CL, Liao WC, Chen HJ, Hsia TC, Chen CH, Tu CY. The Feasibility of Interventional Pulmonology Methods for Detecting the T790M Mutation after the First or Second-Generation EGFR-TKI Resistance of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 13. [PMID: 36611420 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting T790M-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has raised the importance of re-biopsy after EGFR-TKI failure. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of interventional pulmonology (IP) procedures as re-biopsy methods for identifying the T790M mutation in EGFR-TKI-resistant patients. One hundred and thirty-nine NSCLC patients who underwent IP procedures for re-biopsy as their initial investigation after EGFR-TKI treatment failure were enrolled in this study between January 2020 and August 2022. All patients underwent a first re-biopsy with IP methods, with a diagnostic yield of 81.2% and T790M mutation detection rate of 36%. Thirty patients underwent a second re-biopsy; IP methods were used for 17 (56.6%) patients and non-IP methods for 13 (43.4%) patients; the T790M mutation detection rate was 36.4%. Only six patients underwent a third re-biopsy; no T790M mutation was noted. The T790M mutation detection rate did not differ between IP and non-IP methods (33.6 % vs. 37.5%, p = 0.762). In 11 cases (7.5%), a re-biopsy revealed histologic transformation from lung adenocarcinoma. IP procedures, as first-line re-biopsy methods for NSCLC, are feasible and provide sufficient tissue for identification of the resistance mechanism and target gene T790M mutation.
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Cheng C, Cui H, Liu H, Wu Y, Ding N, Weng Y, Zhang W, Cui Y. Role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Specific CAR-T Cells in the Suppression of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246021. [PMID: 36551506 PMCID: PMC9775531 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ESCC is a highly malignant tumor, and its morbidity and mortality in China account for more than 50% of the world's total rates. As effective treatments are lacking, the 5-year survival rate of patients does not exceed 30%. CAR-T-cell-based immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising cancer treatments; however, there are relatively fewer reports regarding its application for ESCC. In this study, we conducted large-sample whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and RNA-seq analysis of patients with ESCC from China to examine the feasibility of EGFR-targeting CAR-T cells in the treatment of ESCC. We found much higher levels of EGFR gene amplification and overexpression in tumors than in the normal tissues, indicating that EGFR could be a promising target of CAR-T-cell-based immunotherapy in ESCC. Therefore, we tested EGFR-targeting CAR-T cells for lytic activity against ESCC cells as a model to establish cellular immunotherapy for ESCC. Five types of CAR-T cells targeting EGFR were constructed, two of which, CAR1-T and CAR2-T, showed a strong cytotoxicity against ESCC in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results of this study suggest that CAR1-T and CAR2-T have the potential to be used for anti-ESCC immunotherapy in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518028, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - Heyang Cui
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - Yueguang Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - Yongjia Weng
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518028, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen 518028, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yongping Cui
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen 518028, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen 518028, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (Y.C.)
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Wan Y, Xu F, Wang J. Long-term survival of a non-small cell lung cancer patient with EGFR-mutated brain metastases: a case report. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 11:4448-4454. [PMID: 36644180 PMCID: PMC9834592 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-22-1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Up to 85% of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and most patients present with advanced disease at first diagnosis. Targeted therapy plays an important role in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation is a predictive marker of sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC are prone to developing central nervous system (CNS) metastasis and poor prognosis (4-6 months). Brain metastases (BMs) remain a tricky problem in NSCLC patients and impose a distinct challenge for clinicians. Case Description This article details a patient with EGFR-mutated BMs accepting a series of treatments but without chemotherapy, resulting in significantly prolonged survival with overall survival (OS) over 8 years and improved clinical symptoms. The patient in our case received four lines of treatments and the progression-free survival (PFS) in each line were longer than the previously reported without exception. It is worth noting that the combination of osimertinib and bevacizumab used in the fourth-line therapy has a PFS of 31 months and has not progressed so far. Conclusions Our case demonstrates that it is possible to achieve long-term survival in advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC with multiple BMs and systemic progression through a reasonable therapeutic schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Wan
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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