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McGlone ER, Tan TMM. Glucagon-based therapy for people with diabetes and obesity: what is the sweet spot? Peptides 2024:171219. [PMID: 38615717 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
People with obesity and type 2 diabetes have a high prevalence of metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Glucagon increases hepatic glucose production; it also decreases hepatic fat accumulation, improves lipidemia and increases energy expenditure. Pharmaceutical strategies to antagonize the glucagon receptor improve glycemic outcomes in people with diabetes and obesity, but they increase hepatic steatosis and worsen dyslipidemia. Co-agonism of the glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors has emerged as a promising strategy to improve glycemia in people with diabetes and obesity. Addition of glucagon receptor agonism enhances weight loss, reduces liver fat and ameliorates dyslipidemia. Prior to clinical use, however, further studies are needed to investigate the safety and efficacy of glucagon and GLP-1 receptor co-agonists in people with diabetes and obesity and related conditions, with specific concerns regarding a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal side effects, loss of muscle mass and increases in heart rate. Furthermore, co-agonists with differing ratios of glucagon:GLP-1 receptor activity vary in their clinical effect; the optimum balance is yet to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rose McGlone
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tricia M-M Tan
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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2
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Shao Y, Chen Y, Zhu M, Liu Y, Fang C, Wang M, Sun P, Fu W, Huang J, Sheng S, Huang Y. DR10627, a Novel Dual Glucagon‑like Peptide‑1 and Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide Receptor Agonist for the Treatment of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1563-1573. [PMID: 38601038 PMCID: PMC11005929 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s457830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes and obesity are momentous risk factors threatening people's lives and health. Currently available incretin analogue glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) possesses huge hypoglycemic effect with the unsatisfactory effect of weight loss. Co-agonists targeting GLP-1R plus glucagon receptor (GCGR) or gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (GIPR) show synergistic benefits in glycaemic control and weight loss. Here, we describe a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, DR10627, and performed a preclinical assessment of it. Methods The agonistic ability of DR10627 was indirectly assessed by inducing cAMP accumulation in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with GLP-1R or GIPR in vitro. The plasma pharmacokinetics of DR10627 were analysed in cynomolgus monkeys. The OGTTs were performed in Sprague‑Dawley (SD) rats. The glucose lowering effects were evaluated by repeated administration of DR10627 in diabetic (db/db) mice for 4 weeks. The effects of anti-obesity and improving metabolism of DR10627 were evaluated by repeated administration of DR10627 in diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice for 57 days. Results DR10627 had the capacity to activate both GLP-1R and GIPR in vitro. The terminal half-life of DR10627 was found to be approximately 4.19-5.8 h in cynomolgus monkeys. DR10627 had a great improvement in oral glucose tolerance in SD rats. Moreover, DR10627 had a potent glucose-lowering effect in db/db mice, and the hypoglycemic effect of 18 nmol/kg DR10627 was better than that of 50 nmol/kg liraglutide. In addition, 10 and 30 nmol/kg DR10627 possessed the ability of potentiating the weight-loss, lipid-lowing efficacy and improving metabolism to a greater extent than 80 nmol/kg liraglutide. Conclusion Preclinical assessment demonstrated that administration of DR10627 resulted in glucose lowering in SD rats and db/db mice, and substantial body weight reduction and metabolism improvement in DIO mice. DR10627 is a promising agent deserving further investigation for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Shao
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonglu Chen
- Department of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Zhu
- First Research Institute, Zhejiang Heze Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Fang
- First Research Institute, Zhejiang Heze Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minjun Wang
- Department of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- First Research Institute, Zhejiang Heze Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiling Fu
- Department of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Huang
- First Research Institute, Zhejiang Heze Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shimei Sheng
- Department of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanshan Huang
- Department of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, Zhejiang Doer Biologics Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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Firkins SA, Yates J, Shukla N, Garg R, Vargo J, Lembo A. Clinical Outcomes and Safety of Upper Endoscopy While on Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:S1542-3565(24)00295-7. [PMID: 38574832 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- S A Firkins
- Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH.
| | - J Yates
- Community Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - N Shukla
- Community Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - R Garg
- Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - J Vargo
- Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - A Lembo
- Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
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Guo J, Chen X, Wang C, Ruan F, Xiong Y, Wang L, Abdel-Razek O, Meng Q, Shahbazov R, Cooney RN, Wang G. LIRAGLUTIDE ALLEVIATES ACUTE LUNG INJURY AND MORTALITY IN PNEUMONIA-INDUCED SEPSIS THROUGH REGULATING SURFACTANT PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND SECRETION. Shock 2024; 61:601-610. [PMID: 38150354 PMCID: PMC11009087 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs are used to treat type 2 diabetes, and they can regulate insulin secretion, energy homeostasis, inflammation, and immune cell function. This study sought to determine whether the GLP-1 analog liraglutide exerts a beneficial action in an acute lung injury model of pneumonia-induced sepsis. Methods: Wild-type FVB/NJ mice (n = 114) were infected by intratracheal injection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Xen5 (4 × 10 4 CFU/mouse) or an equal volume (50 μL) of saline (control) with or without a subcutaneous injection of liraglutide (2 mg/kg, 30 min after infection). Mice were killed 24 h after infection. Lung tissues and BALF were analyzed. In separate experiments, the dynamic growth of bacteria and animal mortality was monitored using in vivo imaging system within 48 h after infection. In addition, primary lung alveolar type II cells isolated from mice were used to study the mechanism of liraglutide action. Result: Liraglutide improved survival ( P < 0.05), decreased bacterial loads in vivo , and reduced lung injury scores ( P < 0.01) in septic mice. Liraglutide-treated mice showed decreased levels of inflammatory cells ( P < 0.01) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) ( P < 0.01) in the lung compared with septic controls. Liraglutide significantly increased pulmonary surfactant proteins (SP-A and SP-B) expression/secretion ( P < 0.01) and phospholipid secretion ( P < 0.01) in vivo . Primary alveolar type II cells pretreated with liraglutide improved SP-A and SP-B expression after LPS exposure ( P < 0.01). Conclusion: Liraglutide attenuates mortality and lung inflammation/injury in pneumonia-induced sepsis. The increased surfactant expression/secretion and anti-inflammatory effects of liraglutide represent potential mechanisms by GLP-1 agonists potentiate host defense and maintain alveolar respiratory function in acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Guo
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Rainbowfish Rehabilitation & Nursing School, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinghua Chen
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Cole Wang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Feng Ruan
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Yunhe Xiong
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Osama Abdel-Razek
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Qinghe Meng
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Rauf Shahbazov
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Robert N Cooney
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Guirong Wang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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Urva S, Levine JA, Schneck K, Tang CC. Model-based simulation of glycaemic effect and body weight loss when switching from semaglutide or dulaglutide to once weekly tirzepatide. Curr Med Res Opin 2024; 40:567-574. [PMID: 38407177 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2024.2322072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy endpoints of HbA1c and body weight loss after switching from the GLP-1 receptor agonists, semaglutide or dulaglutide, to treatment with the GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist (RA) tirzepatide. METHODS Models were developed and validated to describe the HbA1c and weight loss time course for semaglutide (SUSTAIN 1-10), dulaglutide (AWARD-11) and tirzepatide (SURPASS 1-5, phase 3 global T2D program). The impact of switching from once weekly GLP-1 RAs to tirzepatide was described by simulating the efficacy time course. Semaglutide and dulaglutide doses were escalated in accordance with their respective labels. RESULTS Model-predicted mean decreases from baseline in HbA1c and body weight for semaglutide 0.5 mg, 1 mg, and 2 mg were 1.22 to 1.79% and 3.62 to 6.87 kg respectively, at Week 26. Model-predicted mean decreases from baseline in HbA1c and body weight for dulaglutide 1.5 mg, 3 mg and 4.5 mg were 1.53 to 1.84% and 2.55 to 3.71 kg respectively, at Week 26. After switching to tirzepatide 5, 10 and 15 mg HbA1c reductions were predicted to range between 1.95 to 2.46% and body weight reductions between 6.50 to 12.1 kg by Week 66. CONCLUSION In this model-based simulation, switching from approved maintenance doses of semaglutide or dulaglutide to tirzepatide, even at the lowest approved maintenance dose of 5 mg, showed the potential to further improve HbA1c and body weight reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Urva
- Global PK/PD & Pharmacometrics, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joshua A Levine
- Diabetes and Obesity Global Medical Affairs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Karen Schneck
- Pharmacometrics & QSP, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cheng Cai Tang
- Clinical Pharmacology Modeling and Simulation (CPMS), Parexel International, Singapore
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Hope DCD, Ansari S, Choudhury S, Alexiadou K, Tabbakh Y, Ilesanmi I, Lazarus K, Davies I, Jimenez-Pacheco L, Yang W, Ball LJ, Malviya R, Reglinska B, Khoo B, Minnion J, Bloom SR, Tan TMM. Adaptive infusion of a glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon receptor co-agonist G3215, in adults with overweight or obesity: Results from a phase 1 randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1479-1491. [PMID: 38229453 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether a continuous infusion of a glucagon-like peptide receptor (GLP-1R)/glucagon receptor (GCGR) co-agonist, G3215 is safe and well tolerated in adults with overweight or obesity. METHODS A phase 1 randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of G3215 in overweight or obese participants, with or without type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Twenty-six participants were recruited and randomized with 23 completing a 14-day subcutaneous infusion of G3215 or placebo. The most common adverse events were nausea or vomiting, which were mild in most cases and mitigated by real-time adjustment of drug infusion. There were no cardiovascular concerns with G3215 infusion. The pharmacokinetic characteristics were in keeping with a continuous infusion over 14 days. A least-squares mean body weight loss of 2.39 kg was achieved with a 14-day infusion of G3215, compared with 0.84 kg with placebo infusion (p < .05). A reduction in food consumption was also observed in participants receiving G3215 and there was no deterioration in glycaemia. An improved lipid profile was seen in G3215-treated participants and consistent with GCGR activation, a broad reduction in circulating amino acids was seen during the infusion period. CONCLUSION An adaptive continuous infusion of the GLP-1/GCGR co-agonist, G3215, is safe and well tolerated offering a unique strategy to control drug exposure. By allowing rapid, response-directed titration, this strategy may allow for mitigation of adverse effects and afford significant weight loss within shorter time horizons than is presently possible with weekly GLP-1R and multi-agonists. These results support ongoing development of G3215 for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C D Hope
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Saleem Ansari
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sirazum Choudhury
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kleopatra Alexiadou
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yasmin Tabbakh
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ibiyemi Ilesanmi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katharine Lazarus
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Iona Davies
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lara Jimenez-Pacheco
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wei Yang
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Laura-Jayne Ball
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Reshma Malviya
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Beata Reglinska
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bernard Khoo
- Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - James Minnion
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen R Bloom
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tricia M-M Tan
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Łupina M, Wąsik A, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Tarnowski M, Słowik T, Listos P, Kotlińska J, Kosik-Bogacka D, Gutowska I, Listos J. Acute and Chronic Exposure to Linagliptin, a Selective Inhibitor of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4), Has an Effect on Dopamine, Serotonin and Noradrenaline Level in the Striatum and Hippocampus of Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3008. [PMID: 38474255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Linagliptin is a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that indirectly elevates the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) level. The aim of the present study was to check whether linagliptin has an influence on neurotransmission in rat brain. Rats were acutely and chronically exposed to linagliptin (10 and 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)). Twenty-four hours later, the striatum and hippocampus were selected for further studies. In neurochemical experiments, using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED), the concentrations of three major neurotransmitters-dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline-and their metabolites were measured. The analysis of mRNA expression of dopamine (D1 and D2), serotonin (5-HT-1 and 5-HT-2) and noradrenaline (α1 and α2a) receptors was also investigated using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) in the same brain areas. Linagliptin has the ability to influence the dopaminergic system. In the striatum, the elevation of dopamine and its metabolites was observed after repeated administration of that linagliptin, and in the hippocampus, a reduction in dopamine metabolism was demonstrated. Acute linagliptin exposure increases the serotonin level in both areas, while after chronic linagliptin administration a tendency for the mRNA expression of serotoninergic receptors (5-HT1A and 5-HT2A) to increase was observed. A single instance of exposure to linagliptin significantly modified the noradrenaline level in the striatum and intensified noradrenaline turnover in the hippocampus. The recognition of the interactions in the brain between DPP-4 inhibitors and neurotransmitters and/or receptors is a crucial step for finding novel discoveries in the pharmacology of DPP-4 inhibitors and raises hope for further applications of DPP-4 inhibitors in clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Łupina
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wąsik
- Department of Neurochemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, Żołnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tymoteusz Słowik
- Experimental Medicine Center, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8d St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Listos
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kotlińska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Danuta Kosik-Bogacka
- Independent Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Listos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Pinto SFT, Santos HA, Sarmento BFCC. New insights into nanomedicines for oral delivery of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2024; 16:e1952. [PMID: 38500351 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that arises when the body cannot respond fully to insulin, leading to impaired glucose tolerance. Currently, the treatment embraces non-pharmacological actions (e.g., diet and exercise) co-associated with the administration of antidiabetic drugs. Metformin is the first-line treatment for T2DM; nevertheless, alternative therapeutic strategies involving glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs have been explored for managing the disease. GLP-1 analogs trigger insulin secretion and suppress glucagon release in a glucose-dependent manner thereby, reducing the risk of hyperglycemia. Additionally, GLP-1 analogs have an extended plasma half-life compared to the endogenous peptide due to their high resistance to degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4. However, GLP-1 analogs are mainly administered via subcutaneous route, which can be inconvenient for the patients. Even considering an oral delivery approach, GLP-1 analogs are exposed to the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the intestinal barriers (mucus and epithelium). Hereupon, there is an unmet need to develop non-invasive oral transmucosal drug delivery strategies, such as the incorporation of GLP-1 analogs into nanoplatforms, to overcome the GIT barriers. Nanotechnology has the potential to shield antidiabetic peptides against the acidic pH and enzymatic activity of the stomach. In addition, the nanoparticles can be coated and/or surface-conjugated with mucodiffusive polymers and target intestinal ligands to improve their transport through the intestinal mucus and epithelium. This review focuses on the main hurdles associated with the oral administration of GLP-1 and GLP-1 analogs, and the nanosystems developed to improve the oral bioavailability of the antidiabetic peptides. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Filipa Tavares Pinto
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélder Almeida Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Filipe Carmelino Cardoso Sarmento
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
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Li Y, Cheng Z, Lu W, Li P, Jiang H, Yang J, Xu J, Zhang C, Zhang L, Wang Y, Bian F, Guo W, Yu X, Chen X, Zhao D, Feng B, Qu S, Qin J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Cheng H, Mu Y. Efficacy of noiiglutide injection on body weight in obese Chinese adults without diabetes: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:1057-1068. [PMID: 38105342 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of noiiglutide as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention on the reduction in body weight and tolerability in obese Chinese adults without diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial, 254 obese adults with a body mass index of 28.0-40.0 kg/m2 and without diabetes were enrolled. Participants were initially randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of three dose levels: 0.12, 0.24, or 0.36 mg of the study treatment. Within each dose level, participants were further randomized in a 3:1 ratio to receive either subcutaneous injection of noiiglutide or a matching placebo. The primary endpoint was the change in body weight from baseline to week 24. RESULTS Across all noiiglutide dosage levels, least squares mean reductions in body weight from baseline to week 24 ranged from 8.03 to 8.50 kg, compared with 3.65 kg in the placebo group (all p-values <.0001). In the noiiglutide groups (0.12, 0.24, 0.36 mg/day), a significantly higher proportion of participants achieved a weight loss ≥5% (68.8%, 60.0%, 73.0%) and ≥10% (37.5%, 36.9%, 39.7%), compared with the pooled placebo group (≥5%: 29.0%; ≥10%: 8.1%). Gastrointestinal adverse events, such as nausea, diarrhoea and vomiting, were more common in all noiiglutide groups (15.4%-30.2%, 18.8%-22.2%, 15.6%-18.5%) than in the pooled placebo group (8.1%, 6.5%, 0%). CONCLUSIONS In obese Chinese adults without diabetes, once-daily subcutaneous noiiglutide significantly reduced body week at week 24 compared with placebo, and had a manageable safety profile, primarily involving gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Li
- The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Cheng
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weiping Lu
- The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Ping Li
- Yuncheng Central Hospital of Shanxi Province, Yuncheng, China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Chongqing SanXia Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Bian
- Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Weiying Guo
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaopan Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Mu
- The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Botros SR, Matouk AI, Amin A, Heeba GH. Comparative effects of incretin-based therapy on doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: the role of SIRT1/Nrf2/NF-κB/TNF-α signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1353029. [PMID: 38440177 PMCID: PMC10910313 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1353029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Nephrotoxicity represents a major complication of using doxorubicin (DOX) in the management of several types of cancers. Increased oxidative stress and the activation of inflammatory mediators play outstanding roles in the development of DOX-induced kidney damage. This study aimed to investigate whether the two pathways of incretin-based therapy, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (presented as semaglutide, SEM) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (presented as alogliptin, ALO), differentially protect against DOX-induced nephrotoxicity in rats and to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Adult male rats were divided into six groups: control (received the vehicle), DOX (20 mg/kg, single I.P. on day 8), DOX + ALO (20 mg/kg/day, P.O. for 10 days), DOX + SEM (12 μg/kg/day, S.C. for 10 days), ALO-alone, and SEM-alone groups. At the end of the study, the animals were sacrificed and their kidney functions, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers were assessed. Kidney sections were also subjected to histopathological examinations. Results: The co-treatment with either ALO or SEM manifested an improvement in the kidney functions, as evidenced by lower serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, and cystatin C compared to the DOX group. Lower levels of MDA, higher levels of GSH, and increased SOD activity were observed in either ALO- or SEM-treated groups than those observed in the DOX group. DOX administration resulted in decreased renal expressions of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and Nrf2 with increased NF-κB and TNF-α expressions, and these effects were ameliorated by treatment with either ALO or SEM. Discussion: Co-treatment with either ALO or SEM showed a renoprotective effect that was mediated by their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects via the SIRT1/Nrf2/NF-κB/TNF-α pathway. The fact that both pathways of the incretin-based therapy demonstrate an equally positive effect in alleviating DOX-induced renal damage is equally noteworthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy R. Botros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Asmaa I. Matouk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Amr Amin
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gehan H. Heeba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
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11
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Jiang X, Li J, Yao X, Ding H, Gu A, Zhou Z. Neuroprotective effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor on Alzheimer's disease: a narrative review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1361651. [PMID: 38405664 PMCID: PMC10884281 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1361651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance in brain and amyloidogenesis are principal pathological features of diabetes-related cognitive decline and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A growing body of evidence suggests that maintaining glucose under control in diabetic patients is beneficial for preventing AD development. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DDP4is) are a class of novel glucose-lowering medications through increasing insulin excretion and decreasing glucagon levels that have shown neuroprotective potential in recent studies. This review consolidates extant evidence from earlier and new studies investigating the association between DPP4i use, AD, and other cognitive outcomes. Beyond DPP4i's benefits in alleviating insulin resistance and glucose-lowering, underlying mechanisms for the potential neuroprotection with DPP4i medications were categorized into the following sections: (Ferrari et al., Physiol Rev, 2021, 101, 1,047-1,081): the benefits of DPP4is on directly ameliorating the burden of β-amyloid plaques and reducing the formation of neurofibrillary tangles; DPP4i increasing the bioactivity of neuroprotective DPP4 substrates including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) etc.; pleiotropic effects of DPP4is on neuronal cells and intracerebral structure including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-apoptosis. We further revisited recently published epidemiological studies that provided supportive data to compliment preclinical evidence. Given that there remains a lack of completed randomized trials that aim at assessing the effect of DPP4is in preventing AD development and progression, this review is expected to provide a useful insight into DPP4 inhibition as a potential therapeutic target for AD prevention and treatment. The evidence is helpful for informing the rationales of future clinical research and guiding evidence-based clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Baoying People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Hao Ding
- Baoying People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Aihong Gu
- Baoying People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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Gusmão-Nascimento JW, Nunes Cruz DM, Almeida Gama L, Luz Alves WD, Machado MPR, Corá LA, Américo MF. Liraglutide modulates morpho-functional and inflammatory gastrointestinal responses in rats. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14112. [PMID: 37846206 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity impairs homeostatic control of energy and is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1, the target in the gastrointestinal tract for anti-obesity drugs such as Liraglutide, were not properly associated with inflammation markers. This study investigated the effects of Liraglutide on metabolic and gastrointestinal parameters in a rat model of obesity. METHODS Twenty-six Wistar rats with obesity were randomly distributed to receive saline (n = 10), 400 μg (n = 8), or 1200 μg of Liraglutide/kg/day (n = 8), subcutaneously for 30 consecutive days, once a day. Weight gain, feeding efficiency, caloric consumption, gastric motility, adiposity, histomorphometric, murinometric, biochemical parameters and cytokines TNF-α and TGF-β1 in duodenal tissue were measured. Data were analysed by ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post hoc or Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test. RESULTS Liraglutide-treated animals had better feeding efficiency and higher caloric intake in a dose-dependent manner. Higher doses slowed gastric emptying and diminished the amplitude of gastric contractions. These effects were accompanied by decreases in intestinal muscle layer thickness and crypt depth. Liraglutide significantly reduced retroperitoneal and visceral white adipose tissue depots. High-dose treatment decreased levels of TNF-α and enhanced levels of TGF-β1 in duodenal tissue. Liraglutide treatment provided significant reductions in total cholesterol, triglyceride and hepatic transaminases. CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide reduced fat accumulation, improved metabolic parameters and downregulated levels of inflammatory signalling in duodenal tissue. Liraglutide at high doses controlled obesity-related outcomes, and such effects seemed to be driven by its action on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors in the gastrointestinal tract slowing gastric motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhony Willams Gusmão-Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciana Aparecida Corá
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
- Alagoas State University of Health Sciences, Maceio, Brazil
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13
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Hilkens L, Praster F, van Overdam J, Nyakayiru J, Singh-Povel CM, Bons J, van Loon LJ, van Dijk JW. Graded Replacement of Carbohydrate-Rich Breakfast Products with Dairy Products: Effects on Postprandial Aminoacidemia, Glycemic Control, Bone Metabolism, and Satiety. J Nutr 2024; 154:479-490. [PMID: 38092152 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postprandial metabolic responses following dairy consumption have mostly been studied using stand-alone dairy products or milk-derived nutrients. OBJECTIVE Assessing the impact of ingesting dairy products as part of a common breakfast on postprandial aminoacidemia, glycemic control, markers of bone metabolism, and satiety. METHODS In this randomized, crossover study, 20 healthy young males and females consumed on 3 separate occasions an iso-energetic breakfast containing no dairy (NO-D), 1 dairy (ONE-D), or 2 dairy (TWO-D) products. Postprandial concentrations of amino acids, glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and markers of bone formation (P1NP) and resorption (CTX-I) were measured before and up to 300 min after initiating the breakfast, along with VAS-scales to assess satiety. RESULTS Plasma essential and branched-chained amino acids availability (expressed as total area under the curve (tAUC)) increased in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05 for all comparisons). Plasma glucose tAUCs were lower in ONE-D and TWO-D compared with NO-D (P<0.05 for both comparisons). Plasma GLP-1 tAUC increased in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05 for all comparisons), whereas no differences were observed in plasma insulin tAUC between conditions (P>0.05 for all comparisons). Serum calcium tAUCs were higher in ONE-D and TWO-D compared with NO-D (P<0.05 for both comparisons), along with lower PTH tAUCs in ONE-D and TWO-D compared with NO-D (P=0.001 for both comparisons). In accordance, serum CTX-I concentrations were lower in the late postprandial period in ONE-D and TWO-D compared with NO-D (P<0.01 for both comparisons). No differences were observed in P1NP tAUCs between conditions (P>0.05). The tAUC for satiety was higher in TWO-D compared with NO-D and ONE-D (P<0.05 for both comparisons). CONCLUSIONS Iso-energetic replacement of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast component with one serving of dairy improves postprandial amino acid availability, glycemic control, and bone metabolism. Adding a second serving of dairy in lieu of carbohydrates augments postprandial amino acid and GLP-1 concentrations while further promoting satiety. This study was registered at https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN13531586 with Clinical Trial Registry number ISRCTN13531586.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk Hilkens
- School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Floor Praster
- School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Overdam
- School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Judith Bons
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Jc van Loon
- School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem van Dijk
- School of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Wang Y, Shi Y, Peng X, Li T, Liang C, Wang W, Zhou M, Yang J, Cheng J, Zhang Z, Hou L. Biochemotaxis-Oriented Engineering Bacteria Expressing GLP-1 Enhance Diabetes Therapy by Regulating the Balance of Immune. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303958. [PMID: 38253022 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an effective hypoglycemic drug that can repair the pancreas β cells and promote insulin secretion. However, GLP-1 has poor stability and lacks of target ability, which makes it difficult to reach the site of action to exert its efficacy. Here, GLP-1-expressing plasmids are introduced into the Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) and a lipid membrane is formed through simple self-assembly on its surface, resulting in an oral delivery system (LEG) capable of resisting the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract. The system utilizes the chemotactic properties of probiotics to achieve efficient enrichment at the pancreatic site, and protects islet β cells from destruction by regulating the balance of immune cells. More interestingly, LEG not only continuously produces GLP-1 to restore pancreatic islet β cell function and secrete insulin to control blood sugar levels, but also regulates the intestinal flora and increases the richness and diversity of probiotics. In mice diabetes models, oral administration of LEG only once every other day has good biosafety and compliance, and achieves long-term control of blood glucose. Therefore, this strategy not only provides an oral delivery platform for pancreatic targeting, but also opens up new avenues for reversing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Wang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yupeng Shi
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xueyuan Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Tongtong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chenglin Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mengyang Zhou
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lin Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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15
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Sourris KC, Ding Y, Maxwell SS, Al-Sharea A, Kantharidis P, Mohan M, Rosado CJ, Penfold SA, Haase C, Xu Y, Forbes JM, Crawford S, Ramm G, Harcourt BE, Jandeleit-Dahm K, Advani A, Murphy AJ, Timmermann DB, Karihaloo A, Knudsen LB, El-Osta A, Drucker DJ, Cooper ME, Coughlan MT. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor signaling modifies the extent of diabetic kidney disease through dampening the receptor for advanced glycation end products-induced inflammation. Kidney Int 2024; 105:132-149. [PMID: 38069998 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone produced and released by cells of the gastrointestinal tract following meal ingestion. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) exhibit kidney-protective actions through poorly understood mechanisms. Here we interrogated whether the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays a role in mediating the actions of GLP-1 on inflammation and diabetic kidney disease. Mice with deletion of the GLP-1 receptor displayed an abnormal kidney phenotype that was accelerated by diabetes and improved with co-deletion of RAGE in vivo. Activation of the GLP-1 receptor pathway with liraglutide, an anti-diabetic treatment, downregulated kidney RAGE, reduced the expansion of bone marrow myeloid progenitors, promoted M2-like macrophage polarization and lessened markers of kidney damage in diabetic mice. Single cell transcriptomics revealed that liraglutide induced distinct transcriptional changes in kidney endothelial, proximal tubular, podocyte and macrophage cells, which were dominated by pathways involved in nutrient transport and utilization, redox sensing and the resolution of inflammation. The kidney-protective action of liraglutide was corroborated in a non-diabetic model of chronic kidney disease, the subtotal nephrectomised rat. Thus, our findings identify a novel glucose-independent kidney-protective action of GLP-1-based therapies in diabetic kidney disease and provide a valuable resource for exploring the cell-specific kidney transcriptional response ensuing from pharmacological GLP-1R agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karly C Sourris
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Research Alliance, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Diabetes Complications Division, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Yi Ding
- Diabetes Complications Division, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Diabetes Complications Research, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Scott S Maxwell
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annas Al-Sharea
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phillip Kantharidis
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Research Alliance, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Muthukumar Mohan
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Research Alliance, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carlos J Rosado
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Research Alliance, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally A Penfold
- Diabetes Complications Division, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claus Haase
- Diabetes Complications Research, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Yangsong Xu
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josephine M Forbes
- Mater Research Institute, the University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon Crawford
- Monash Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georg Ramm
- Monash Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brooke E Harcourt
- Murdoch Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Research Alliance, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michaels Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Anil Karihaloo
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Research Alliance, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Central Clinical School, Alfred Research Alliance, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Diabetes Complications Division, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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16
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Narayanan N, Sahoo J, Kamalanathan S, Sagili H, Zachariah B, Naik D, Roy A, Merugu C. Insulin Sensitivity, Islet Cell Function, and Incretin Axis in Pregnant Women With and Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2024; 28:71-79. [PMID: 38533283 PMCID: PMC10962776 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_7_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to compare insulin sensitivity, islet cell function, and incretin axes in pregnant subjects with GDM and normal healthy controls. Methods Pregnant women at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation were subjected to a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Samples for glucose, insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were collected at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min during the OGTT. The Matsuda index (MI) and insulin secretion and sensitivity index-2 (ISSI-2) were assessed. The glucagon suppression index (GSI) was calculated along with the area under the curve (AUC) for glucose, insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, and GIP. Results A total of 48 pregnant women (25 GDM and 23 controls) were finally analysed. The MI and ISSI-2 were low in the GDM group [4.31 vs. 5.42; P = 0.04], [1.99 vs. 3.18, P ≤ 0.01] respectively). Total AUCglucagon was higher in the GDM group (7411.7 vs. 6320.1, P = 0.02). GSI30 was significantly lower in the GDM group (-62.6 vs. -24.7, P = 0.03). Fasting GLP-1 levels were low in GDM women (17.3 vs. 22.2, P = 0.04). The total AUCGLP-1 positively correlated with total GSI in the GDM group. Conclusion Asian-Indian GDM women have high insulin insensitivity, islet cell dysfunction, and low fasting GLP-1. Incretin axis dysfunction plays a potential role in their islet cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niya Narayanan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Jayaprakash Sahoo
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Sadishkumar Kamalanathan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Haritha Sagili
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Bobby Zachariah
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Dukhabandhu Naik
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Ayan Roy
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Chandhana Merugu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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Liu C, Xu H, Yuan F, Chen H, Sheng L, Chen W, Xie H, Xu H, Li X. Evaluating the bioequivalence and safety of liraglutide injection versus Victoza ® in healthy Chinese subjects: a randomized, open, two-cycle, self-crossover phase I clinical trial. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1326865. [PMID: 38186650 PMCID: PMC10766854 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1326865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Liraglutide is an acylated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, and its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties as a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist make it an important therapeutic option for many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study compared the bioequivalence and safety of liraglutide with the originator product in healthy Chinese adult subjects. Methods: Subjects (N = 36, both sexes) were randomized in a 1:1 ratio into two groups (18 cases each) for a two-cycle, self-crossover trial. Each cycle involved a single subcutaneous injection of the test and reference drugs, with a washout period of 14 days. The plasma drug concentration was quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The main pharmacokinetic parameters were statistically analyzed to assess drug bioequivalence. Furthermore, the safety of the drugs was assessed throughout the trial. Results: The geometric mean ratios of Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were 103.73%, 103.01%, and 103.03%, respectively, and their 90% confidence intervals (CIs) were consistent with the range of 80.00%-125.00%, indicating that the two formulations had similar pharmacokinetics. Meanwhile, safety results showed that both drugs were well tolerated. Conclusion: Studies have shown that the test drug has similar bioequivalence and safety to the reference drug. Clinical trial registration: (http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/index.html), identifier (CTR20171303).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongrong Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanjing Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Sheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haisong Xie
- Hangzhou Zhongmei Huadong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Hangzhou Zhongmei Huadong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuening Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ye X, Chen W, Yan FJ, Zheng XD, Tu PC, Shan PF. Exploring the Effects of Cyanidin-3- O-Glucoside on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights into Gut Microbiome Modulation and Potential Antidiabetic Benefits. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:20047-20061. [PMID: 38085678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Berries and their functional components have been put forward as an alternative to pharmacological treatments of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and more attention has been paid to the gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of T2DM. Thus, we tried to examine the metabolic impact of red bayberry-derived cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) and investigate whether the antidiabetic effects of C3G were associated with the gut microbiome. As a result, C3G administration was found to reduce blood glucose levels of diabetic db/db mice, accompanied by increased levels of glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and insulin. Moreover, 16S rRNA analysis showed that the dominant microbiota modulated by C3G were pivotal in the glucose metabolism. Furthermore, the modulation of C3G on metabolic activities of gut bacteria leads to an increase in intestinal levels of key metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids. This contribution helps in promoting the secretion of GLP-1, which in turn increases insulin release with the purpose of reducing blood glucose levels. Overall, these findings may offer new thoughts concerning C3G against metabolic disorders in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Centre for Information, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fu-Jie Yan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Tu
- Department of Environmental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310058, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peng-Fei Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of ZheJiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Centre for Information, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Ferhatbegović L, Mršić D, Macić-Džanković A. The benefits of GLP1 receptors in cardiovascular diseases. Front Clin Diabetes Healthc 2023; 4:1293926. [PMID: 38143794 PMCID: PMC10739421 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2023.1293926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are well established drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In addition to glycemic control, GLP-1 receptor agonists have beneficial other effects. They act by binding to GLP-1 receptors, which are widely distributed in the body, including cardiomyocytes and blood vessels. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of GLP-1 receptor agonists impact on cardiovascular outcomes and risk reduction. In the last decade, several cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOT) have been conducted in order to explore cardiovascular benefit of GLP-1 receptor agonists. CVOTs primarily proved cardiovascular safety and tolerability of different GLP-1 receptor agonists, but also showed cardiovascular benefit of specific drugs. CVOTs have shown that GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce MACE in patients with T2D compared to placebo. In addition, they have positive impact on several cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity by promoting weight loss, blood pressure and blood lipid levels. Also, they stimulate the endothelium to produce nitric oxide, reduce oxidative stress, and have antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory effects. Studies have shown their positive impact on kidney outcomes in patients with T2D compared to placebo. The results of previous trials are encouraging in terms of multiple positive effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists. However, further research is needed to understand their full potential and all details of their mechanism of action, which will enable to expand the therapeutic indications and to determine their optimal use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamija Ferhatbegović
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Zenica, Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Denis Mršić
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Reimann F. Dorothy Hodgkin lecture 2023: The enteroendocrine system-Sensors in your guts. Diabet Med 2023; 40:e15212. [PMID: 37638546 PMCID: PMC10946932 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based medication is now widely employed in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Like other gut hormones, GLP-1 is released from eneteroendocrine cells after a meal and in this review, based on the Dorothy Hodgkin lecture delivered during the annual meeting of Diabetes UK in 2023, I argue that there is sufficient spare capacity of GLP-1 and other gut hormone expressing cells that could be recruited therapeutically. Years of research has revealed several receptors expressed in enteroendocrine cells that could be targeted to stimulate hormone release: although from this research it seems unlikely to find agents that selectively boost GLP-1, release of a mixture of hormones might be the more desirable outcome anyway, given the recent promising results of new peptides combining GLP1-receptor with other gut hormone receptor activation. Alternatively, the fact that GLP-1 and peptideYY (PYY) expressing cells are found in greater density in the ileum might be exploited by increasing the delivery of chyme to the distal small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Reimann
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryInstitute of Metabolic Science & MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Xiong Q, Wang J, Huang K, Li W, Zhang L. Potential Role of GLP-1 Based Therapeutics in Coronary Artery Disease. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2023; 28:315. [PMID: 38062835 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2811315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone primarily secreted by intestinal L cells, regulates glucose metabolism by increasing insulin synthesis and secretion, decreasing plasma glucagon levels, reducing food intake, and slowing gastric emptying. This has led to the development of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists as a treatment for diabetes and obesity. In addition to being present in beta cells, GLP-1R has also been identified in blood vessels and the heart, suggesting that GLP-1R agonists may have an impact on cardiovascular health. There is now substantial evidence supporting GLP-1's protective effects on the cardiovascular system. This review summarizes the current research on GLP-1-based therapy for coronary artery disease (CAD) by examining its protective effects against inflammation and ischemia/reperfusion injury and analyzing clinical trials on GLP-1-based therapies for CAD. Although results from various studies were inconsistent, the challenge of transitioning GLP-1-based therapies from the laboratory to the clinical setting remains. Further well-designed and high-quality studies are necessary to determine the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 for patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfeng Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Fengcheng People's Hospital, Fengcheng Hospital Affiliated to Yichun University, 331100 Fengcheng, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Prevention & Healthcare Department, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 030032 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Kewen Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Fengcheng People's Hospital, Fengcheng Hospital Affiliated to Yichun University, 331100 Fengcheng, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fengcheng People's Hospital, Fengcheng Hospital Affiliated to Yichun University, 331100 Fengcheng, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- Health Commission of Shanxi Province, 030032 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, 030032 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Noguchi H, Kohda N, Hara H, Hira T. Synergistic enhancement of glucagon-like peptide-1 release by γ-aminobutyric acid and L-phenylalanine in enteroendocrine cells-searching active ingredients in a water extract of corn zein protein. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:1505-1513. [PMID: 37667511 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-releasing activity of an aqueous extract (ZeinS) from corn zein protein and aimed to identify the active compounds responsible for this activity. Glucagon-like peptide-1-releasing activity was evaluated using a murine enteroendocrine cell line (GLUTag). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed on purified fractions of ZeinS to identify active molecules. ZeinS stimulated more GLP-1 secretion from GLUTag cells compared to zein hydrolysate. Fractions displaying biological activity were determined by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation. Subsequent LC-MS/MS analysis identified several amino acids in the active fractions of ZeinS. In particular, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) exhibited significant GLP-1-releasing activity both alone and synergistically with L-phenylalanine (Phe). Moreover, ZeinS-induced GLP-1 secretion was attenuated by antagonists for the GABA receptor and calcium sensing receptor. These results demonstrate that GABA and Phe identified in ZeinS synergistically stimulate GLP-1 secretion in enteroendocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Noguchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Otsu Nutraceuticals Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Otsu, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kohda
- Otsu Nutraceuticals Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Otsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hara
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Fuji Women's University, Ishikari, Japan
| | - Tohru Hira
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Nelson R, Silliman SL, Zarroli K. Symptomatic idiopathic intracranial hypertension triggered by Ramadan intermittent fasting: a case report. Nutr Neurosci 2023:1-4. [PMID: 37948151 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2272090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder that primarily affects obese women of reproductive age. The exact pathogenesis of IIH is unknown though multiple etiologies have been proposed. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of IIH triggered by first-time Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) in an 18-year-old woman. Our patient developed new onset headaches, diplopia, and pulsatile tinnitus with examination notable for bilateral papilledema and lumbar puncture revealing an elevated opening pressure. Her symptoms resolved after cessation of RIF, apart from persistent left sided tinnitus which later resolved with acetazolamide administration. CONCLUSION This case report uniquely illustrates that RIF may provoke symptomatic IIH. We hypothesize that a decreased concentration of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) induced by fasting results in decreased GLP-1 receptor activation in the choroid plexus, allowing for increased CSF secretion into the ventricles invoking increased intracranial pressure (ICP). This theoretical mechanism provides further insight as to the possible underlying pathophysiology of IIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Nelson
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jackonsville, FL, USA
| | - S L Silliman
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jackonsville, FL, USA
| | - K Zarroli
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jackonsville, FL, USA
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24
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Le TDV, Liu D, Besing GLK, Raghavan R, Ellis BJ, Ceddia RP, Collins S, Ayala JE. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation stimulates PKA-mediated phosphorylation of Raptor and this contributes to the weight loss effect of liraglutide. eLife 2023; 12:e80944. [PMID: 37930356 PMCID: PMC10691799 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical target of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), Protein Kinase A (PKA), has been shown to stimulate mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) by phosphorylating the mTOR-regulating protein Raptor at Ser791 following β-adrenergic stimulation. The objective of these studies is to test whether GLP-1R agonists similarly stimulate mTORC1 via PKA phosphorylation of Raptor at Ser791 and whether this contributes to the weight loss effect of the therapeutic GLP-1R agonist liraglutide. We measured phosphorylation of the mTORC1 signaling target ribosomal protein S6 in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells expressing GLP-1R (CHO-Glp1r) treated with liraglutide in combination with PKA inhibitors. We also assessed liraglutide-mediated phosphorylation of the PKA substrate RRXS*/T* motif in CHO-Glp1r cells expressing Myc-tagged wild-type (WT) Raptor or a PKA-resistant (Ser791Ala) Raptor mutant. Finally, we measured the body weight response to liraglutide in WT mice and mice with a targeted knock-in of PKA-resistant Ser791Ala Raptor. Liraglutide increased phosphorylation of S6 and the PKA motif in WT Raptor in a PKA-dependent manner but failed to stimulate phosphorylation of the PKA motif in Ser791Ala Raptor in CHO-Glp1r cells. Lean Ser791Ala Raptor knock-in mice were resistant to liraglutide-induced weight loss but not setmelanotide-induced (melanocortin-4 receptor-dependent) weight loss. Diet-induced obese Ser791Ala Raptor knock-in mice were not resistant to liraglutide-induced weight loss; however, there was weight-dependent variation such that there was a tendency for obese Ser791Ala Raptor knock-in mice of lower relative body weight to be resistant to liraglutide-induced weight loss compared to weight-matched controls. Together, these findings suggest that PKA-mediated phosphorylation of Raptor at Ser791 contributes to liraglutide-induced weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao DV Le
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Dianxin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - Gai-Linn K Besing
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Ritika Raghavan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Blair J Ellis
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Ryan P Ceddia
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - Sheila Collins
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - Julio E Ayala
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
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Araj-Khodaei M, Ayati MH, Azizi Zeinalhajlou A, Novinbahador T, Yousefi M, Shiri M, Mahmoodpoor A, Shamekh A, Namazi N, Sanaie S. Berberine-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 and its mechanism for controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive pathway review. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37921026 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2258559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: A growing number of studies have thus far showed the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the intestinal microbiome homoeostasis. As reported, the gut microflora can be significantly different in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) compared to those in healthy individuals.Methods: The authors collected the relevant articles published until 2022 and these are carefully selected from three scientific databases based on keywords.Discussion: This review highlights research on the anti-diabetic properties of berberine (BBR)-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), as a glucose-lowering factor and a balance regulator in the microbial flora of the intestines, which plays an important role in adjusting the signalling pathways affecting insulin secretion.Results: Considering the anti-diabetic characteristics of the BBR-induced GLP-1, BBR makes a promising complementary treatment for reducing the clinical symptoms of DM by reducing the hyperglycaemia. Berberin might be a safe and effective drug for T2DM with little or no adverse effects.HighlightsBerberine induces GLP-1 insulin secretion by PLC2 pathway in the intestinalBerberine-induced GLP-1 decreases mitochondrial stress and relocates cytochrome c out of the mitochondria.Berberine induces GLP-1 secretion in the intestine by altering the bacterial profile, thus could possibly lighten diabetes symptomsBerberine-induced SCFA production, SCFA causes GLP-1 secretion from the intestinal L-Cell.Preventing mitochondrial damage, reducing adipose tissue fat, and reducing oxidative stress are thus among the results of BBR-induced GLP-1.The lower costs of BBR, and its limited side effects and higher availability, make it a promising supplementary medicine for DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ayati
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akbar Azizi Zeinalhajlou
- Department of Geriatric Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tannaz Novinbahador
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shiri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Shamekh
- Student Research Committee, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazli Namazi
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Smits MM, Holst JJ. Endogenous glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 as alternative for GLP-1 receptor agonists: Could this work and how? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3699. [PMID: 37485788 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, we have witnessed the many beneficial effects of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonists, including the reduction in cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes, and the reduction of body weight in those with obesity. Increasing evidence suggests that these agents differ considerably from endogenous GLP-1 when it comes to their routes of action, although their clinical effects appear to be the same. Given the limitations of the GLP-1 receptor agonists, could it be useful to develop agents which stimulate GLP-1 release? Here we will discuss the differences and similarities between GLP-1 receptor agonists and endogenous GLP-1, and will detail how endogenous GLP-1-when stimulated appropriately-could have clinically relevant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Smits
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Caprioli B, Eichler RAS, Silva RNO, Martucci LF, Reckziegel P, Ferro ES. Neurolysin Knockout Mice in a Diet-Induced Obesity Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15190. [PMID: 37894869 PMCID: PMC10607720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurolysin oligopeptidase (E.C.3.4.24.16; Nln), a member of the zinc metallopeptidase M3 family, was first identified in rat brain synaptic membranes hydrolyzing neurotensin at the Pro-Tyr peptide bond. The previous development of C57BL6/N mice with suppression of Nln gene expression (Nln-/-), demonstrated the biological relevance of this oligopeptidase for insulin signaling and glucose uptake. Here, several metabolic parameters were investigated in Nln-/- and wild-type C57BL6/N animals (WT; n = 5-8), male and female, fed either a standard (SD) or a hypercaloric diet (HD), for seven weeks. Higher food intake and body mass gain was observed for Nln-/- animals fed HD, compared to both male and female WT control animals fed HD. Leptin gene expression was higher in Nln-/- male and female animals fed HD, compared to WT controls. Both WT and Nln-/- females fed HD showed similar gene expression increase of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), a peptidase related to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) metabolism. The present data suggest that Nln participates in the physiological mechanisms related to diet-induced obesity. Further studies will be necessary to better understand the molecular mechanism responsible for the higher body mass gain observed in Nln-/- animals fed HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Caprioli
- Pharmacology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICB), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (B.C.); (R.A.S.E.); (R.N.O.S.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Rosangela A. S. Eichler
- Pharmacology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICB), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (B.C.); (R.A.S.E.); (R.N.O.S.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Renée N. O. Silva
- Pharmacology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICB), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (B.C.); (R.A.S.E.); (R.N.O.S.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Luiz Felipe Martucci
- Pharmacology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICB), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (B.C.); (R.A.S.E.); (R.N.O.S.); (L.F.M.)
| | - Patricia Reckziegel
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Emer S. Ferro
- Pharmacology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICB), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (B.C.); (R.A.S.E.); (R.N.O.S.); (L.F.M.)
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Calderon RM, Golczak M, Paik J, Blaner WS. Dietary Vitamin A Affects the Function of Incretin-Producing Enteroendocrine Cells in Male Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Nutr 2023; 153:2901-2914. [PMID: 37648113 PMCID: PMC10613727 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2) is an intracellular carrier for vitamin A in the absorptive enterocytes. Mice lacking RBP2 (Rbp2-/-) display an unexpected phenotype of obesity, glucose intolerance, and elevated glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) levels. GIP and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are incretin hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells (EECs). We recently demonstrated the presence of RBP2 and other retinoid-related proteins in EECs. OBJECTIVES Given RBP2's role in intracellular retinoid trafficking, we aimed to evaluate whether dietary vitamin A affects incretin-secreting cell function and gene expression. METHODS Male Rbp2-/- mice and sex- and age-matched controls (n = 6-9) were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 18 wk containing normal (VAN, 4000 IU/kg of diet) or low (VAL, 25% of normal) vitamin A concentrations. Body weight was recorded biweekly. Plasma GIP and GLP-1 levels were obtained fasting and 30 min after an oral fat gavage at week 16. Glucose tolerance tests were also performed. Mice were killed at week 18, and blood and tissue samples were obtained. RESULTS Rbp2-/- mice displayed greater weight gain on the VAN compared with the VAL diet from week 7 of the intervention (P ≤ 0.01). Stimulated GIP levels were elevated in Rbp2-/- mice compared with their controls fed the VAN diet (P = 0.02), whereas their GIP response was lower when fed the VAL diet (P = 0.03). Although no differences in GLP-1 levels were observed in the VAN diet group, a lower GLP-1 response was seen in Rbp2-/- mice fed the VAL diet (P = 0.02). Changes in incretin gene expression and that of other genes associated with EEC lineage and function were consistent with these observations. Circulating and hepatic retinoid levels revealed no systemic vitamin A deficiency across dietary groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data support a role for RBP2 and dietary vitamin A in incretin secretion and gene expression in mice fed a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana M Calderon
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jisun Paik
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - William S Blaner
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Wang S, Wang Y, Lin L, Li Z, Liu F, Zhu L, Chen J, Zhang N, Cao X, Ran S, Liu G, Gao P, Sun W, Peng L, Zhuang J, Meng H. Layer-Specific BTX-A Delivery to the Gastric Muscularis Achieves Effective Weight Control and Metabolic Improvement. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2300822. [PMID: 37552813 PMCID: PMC10558648 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The rising incidence of health-endangering obesity constantly calls for more effective treatments. Gastric intramural injection of botulinum neurotoxin A (BTX-A) as a new modality carries great promise yet inconsistent therapeutic efficacy. A layer-specific delivery strategy enabled by dissolving microneedles is hence pioneered to investigate the working site of BTX-A and the resulting therapeutic effects. The drug-loaded tips of the layer-specific gastric paralysis microneedles (LGP-MN) rapidly release and achieve uniform distribution of BTX-A within the designated gastric wall layers. In an obesity rat model, the LGP-MNs not only prove safer than conventional injection, but also demonstrate consistently better therapeutic effects with muscular layer delivery, including 16.23% weight loss (3.06-fold enhancement from conventional injection), 55.20% slower gastric emptying rate, improved liver steatosis, lowered blood lipids, and healthier gut microbiota. Further hormonal study reveals that the elevated production of stomach-derived glucagon-like peptide-1 due to the muscularis-targeting LGP-MN treatment is an important contributor to its unique glucose tolerance-improving effect. This study provides clear indication of the gastric muscularis as the most favorable working site of BTX-A for weight loss and metabolic improvement purposes, and meanwhile suggests that the LGP-MNs could serve as a novel clinical approach to treat obesity and metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Obesity and Metabolic Disease CenterChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China
| | - Yuqiong Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation EngineeringThe Chinese University of HongkongHongkong999077China
- School of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Long Lin
- Engineering College of Peking UniversityPeking universityBeijing100029China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Zongjie Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural ScienceShanghai200241China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Long Zhu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of UltrasoundChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China
| | - Nianrong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Obesity and Metabolic Disease CenterChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China
| | - Xinyu Cao
- Department of General Surgery and Obesity and Metabolic Disease CenterChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China
| | - Sunman Ran
- Department of General Surgery and Obesity and Metabolic Disease CenterChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China
| | - Genzheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Obesity and Metabolic Disease CenterChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China
| | - Weiliang Sun
- Institute of Clinical Medical SciencesChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China
| | - Liang Peng
- Institute of Clinical Medical SciencesChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Hua Meng
- Department of General Surgery and Obesity and Metabolic Disease CenterChina–Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing100029China
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Lyons SA, Beaudry JL. Synergistic Combinations of Gut- and Pancreas-Hormone-Based Therapies: Advancements in Treatments for Metabolic Diseases. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad153. [PMID: 37823483 PMCID: PMC10612476 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, and liver disease, have become increasingly prevalent around the world. As an alternative to bariatric surgery, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have been at the forefront of weight loss medication to combat these metabolic complications. Recently, there has been an exciting rapid emergence of new weight loss medications that combine GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists with other gut- and pancreatic-derived hormones, such as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon (GCG) receptor agonists. Dual-agonist (GLP-1/GIP and GLP-1/GCG) and tri-agonist (GLP-1/GIP/GCG) administration generally result in greater weight loss, reduction of blood sugar and lipid levels, restoration of tissue function, and improvement in whole-body substrate metabolism compared to when GLP-1R agonists are used alone. The aim of this review is to summarize the recent literature of both preclinical and clinical studies on how these emerging gut-peptide therapies further improve weight loss and metabolic health outcomes for various metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulayman Aslan Lyons
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Jacqueline Leah Beaudry
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
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31
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Zhou Y, Yuan Z, Wang M, Zhang Z, Tan C, Yu J, Bi Y, Liao X, Zhou X, Ali Sheikh MS, Yang D. Liraglutide Attenuates Aortic Valve Calcification in a High-Cholesterol-Diet-Induced Experimental Calcific Aortic Valve Disease Model in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:386. [PMID: 37754815 PMCID: PMC10531705 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10090386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among elderly people. However, no effective medications have been approved to slow or prevent the progression of CAVD. Here, we examined the effect of liraglutide on aortic valve stenosis. METHODS Male Apoe-/- mice were fed with a high-cholesterol diet for 24 weeks to generate an experimental CAVD model and randomly assigned to a liraglutide treatment group or control group. Echocardiography and immunohistological analyses were performed to examine the aortic valve function and morphology, fibrosis, and calcium deposition. Plasma Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels and inflammatory contents were measured via ELISA, FACS, and immunofluorescence. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to identify liraglutide-affected pathways and processes. RESULTS Plasma GLP-1 levels were reduced in the CAVD model, and liraglutide treatment significantly improved aortic valve calcification and functions and attenuated inflammation. RNA-seq showed that liraglutide affects multiple myofibroblastic and osteogenic differentiations or inflammation-associated biological states or processes in the aortic valve. Those liraglutide-mediated beneficial effects were associated with increased GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) expression. CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide blocks aortic valve calcification and may serve as a potential therapeutic drug for CAVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhao Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (C.T.); (J.Y.); (Y.B.); (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhaoshun Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (C.T.); (J.Y.); (Y.B.); (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (C.T.); (J.Y.); (Y.B.); (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (C.T.); (J.Y.); (Y.B.); (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Changming Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (C.T.); (J.Y.); (Y.B.); (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jiaolian Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (C.T.); (J.Y.); (Y.B.); (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yanfeng Bi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (C.T.); (J.Y.); (Y.B.); (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaobo Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (C.T.); (J.Y.); (Y.B.); (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xinmin Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (C.T.); (J.Y.); (Y.B.); (X.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Md Sayed Ali Sheikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (M.W.); (Z.Z.); (C.T.); (J.Y.); (Y.B.); (X.L.); (X.Z.)
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Zhou Y, Huang S, Li C, Qiao Y, Liu Q, Chen T, Wang J, Liu Y. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Rescue Diabetic Cardiac Dysfuntions in Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200130. [PMID: 36373695 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) can improve cardiac function and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic cardiomyopathy; however, the beneficial effect of GLP-1 on human diabetic cardiomyocytes (DCMs) and its mechanism have not been fully elucidated. Here, the DCMs model by human-induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes is developed. Two subtypes of GLP-1, GLP-17-36 and GLP-19-36 , are evaluated for their efficacy on the DCMs model. Diabetogenic condition is sufficient to induce most characteristics of diabetic cardiomyopathy in vitro, such as cardiac hypertrophy, lipid accumulation, impaired calcium transients, and abnormal electrophysiological properties. GLP-17-36 and GLP-19-36 can restore cardiomyocyte hypertrophic phenotype, impaired calcium transient frequency, abnormal action potential amplitude, depolarization, and repolarization velocity. Interestingly, RNA-seq reveals different pathways altered by GLP-17-36 and GLP-19-36 , respectively. Differentially expressed gene analysis reveals that possible targets of GLP-17-36 involve the regulation of mitotic nuclear division and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, while possible targets of GLP-19-36 involve kinetochore assembly, and the complement and coagulation cascades. This study demonstrates the therapeutic effects of GLP-1 on human DCMs and provides a novel platform to unveil the cellular mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy, shedding light on discovering better targets for novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Shuting Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chengwu Li
- HELP Therapeutics, 568 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yue Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 210031, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Taotao Chen
- HELP Therapeutics, 568 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jiaxian Wang
- HELP Therapeutics, 568 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
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Al-Sabah S, Jamal MH, Al-Khaledi G, Dsouza C, AlOtaibi F, Al-Ali W, Cherian P, Al-Khairi I, Ali H, Abu-Farha M, Abubaker J, Al-Mulla F. Increased Glucagon Immunoreactivity in a Rat Model of Diet-induced Obesity following Sleeve Gastrectomy. Med Princ Pract 2023; 32:000533746. [PMID: 37634505 PMCID: PMC10659591 DOI: 10.1159/000533746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective treatment for obesity, and procedures such as Roux-en Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) also result in rapid improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. In addition, these procedures cause changes in the secretion of various gut-derived hormones. The role these hormones play in the mechanism of the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery is still debated, but nonetheless, their importance provides inspiration for novel obesity-targeted pharmacotherapies. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed either regular chow or a cafeteria diet to induce obesity. A sub-group of the obese animals then underwent either sham surgery or SG. RESULTS Following a 4-week recovery period, SG rats weighed significantly less than obese or sham-operated rats. Improvements in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity also occurred in the SG group, but these were not always statistically significant. We measured the intracellular lipid content of liver samples and found that obese rats showed signs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which were significantly ameliorated by SG. There were significantly higher glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) responses to a standard mixed meal in the SG group, as well as paradoxically higher glucagon secretion. CONCLUSION These data highlight the need for more specific anti-glucagon antibodies to characterize the changes in proglucagon-derived peptide concentrations that occur following SG. Further studies are required to determine whether these peptides contribute to the therapeutic effects of SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Al-Sabah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad H. Jamal
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Department of Organ Transplant, College of Medicine, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ghanim Al-Khaledi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Carol Dsouza
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fatemah AlOtaibi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Waleed Al-Ali
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Preethi Cherian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Irina Al-Khairi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Hamad Ali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Weber M, Siddarthan I, Mack PF. Clinically significant emesis in a patient taking a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist for weight loss. Br J Anaesth 2023; 131:e37-e39. [PMID: 37302962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Weber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ingharan Siddarthan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Tough IR, Lund ML, Patel BA, Schwartz TW, Cox HM. Paracrine relationship between incretin hormones and endogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine in the small and large intestine. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14589. [PMID: 37010838 PMCID: PMC10909488 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterochromaffin (EC) cell-derived 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a mediator of toxin-induced reflexes, initiating emesis via vagal and central 5-HT3 receptors. The amine is also involved in gastrointestinal (GI) reflexes that are prosecretory and promotile, and recently 5-HT's roles in chemosensation in the distal bowel have been described. We set out to establish the efficacy of 5-HT signaling, local 5-HT levels and pharmacology in discrete regions of the mouse small and large intestine. We also investigated the inter-relationships between incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and endogenous 5-HT in mucosal and motility assays. METHODS Adult mouse GI mucosae were mounted in Ussing chambers and area-specific studies were performed to establish the 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 pharmacology, the sidedness of responses, and the inter-relationships between incretins and endogenous 5-HT. Natural fecal pellet transit in vitro and full-length GI transit in vivo were also measured. KEY RESULTS We observed the greatest level of tonic and exogenous 5-HT-induced ion transport and highest levels of 5-HT in ascending colon mucosa. Here both 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors were involved but elsewhere in the GI tract epithelial basolateral 5-HT4 receptors mediate 5-HT's prosecretory effect. Exendin-4 and GIP induced 5-HT release in the ascending colon, while L cell-derived PYY also contributed to GIP mucosal effects in the descending colon. Both peptides slowed colonic transit. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES We provide functional evidence for paracrine interplay between 5-HT, GLP-1 and GIP, particularly in the colonic mucosal region. Basolateral epithelial 5-HT4 receptors mediated both 5-HT and incretin mucosal responses in healthy colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain R. Tough
- Wolfson Centre for Age‐Related Diseases, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonHodgkin Building, Guy's CampusLondonSE1 1ULUK
| | - Mari L. Lund
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and EnteroendocrinologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDK‐2200Denmark
- Present address:
Chr. Hansen A/S, Human Health ResearchHoersholmDK‐2970Denmark
| | - Bhavik A. Patel
- Centre for Stress and Age‐Related Diseases, School of Applied SciencesUniversity of BrightonBrightonUK
| | - Thue W. Schwartz
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and EnteroendocrinologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDK‐2200Denmark
| | - Helen M. Cox
- Wolfson Centre for Age‐Related Diseases, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonHodgkin Building, Guy's CampusLondonSE1 1ULUK
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36
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Masse KE, Lu VB. Short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids and indoles: gut microbial metabolites with effects on enteroendocrine cell function and their potential as therapies for metabolic disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1169624. [PMID: 37560311 PMCID: PMC10407565 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1169624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract hosts the largest ecosystem of microorganisms in the body. The metabolism of ingested nutrients by gut bacteria produces novel chemical mediators that can influence chemosensory cells lining the gastrointestinal tract. Specifically, hormone-releasing enteroendocrine cells which express a host of receptors activated by these bacterial metabolites. This review will focus on the activation mechanisms of glucagon-like peptide-1 releasing enteroendocrine cells by the three main bacterial metabolites produced in the gut: short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids and indoles. Given the importance of enteroendocrine cells in regulating glucose homeostasis and food intake, we will also discuss therapies based on these bacterial metabolites used in the treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Elucidating the mechanisms gut bacteria can influence cellular function in the host will advance our understanding of this fundamental symbiotic relationship and unlock the potential of harnessing these pathways to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Van B. Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Lu W, Zhou Z, Jiang N, Han J. An updated patent review of GLP-1 receptor agonists (2020-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:597-612. [PMID: 37870067 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2274905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity present significant global health issues, requiring the development of long-lasting and highly effective pharmacotherapies. Although glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are commonly used for diabetes treatment, their potential for addressing obesity is still being explored. AREAS COVERED This review offers a comprehensive overview of recently published patents from January 2020 to July 2023, focusing on modified GLP-1RAs, small molecule GLP-1RAs, GLP-1 R-based multi-agonists, GLP-1RA-based fusion proteins, and combination therapies. The patents discussed pertain to the treatment and prevention of diabetes and obesity. Patent searches were conducted using the PATENTSCOPE database of the World Intellectual Property Organization, using the keywords GLP-1, GLP-1/GIP, GLP-1/GCG, and GLP-1/GCG/GIP. EXPERT OPINION In recent years, patents have emphasized two main goals for developing GLP-1RAs drugs: oral delivery and improved weight reduction effects. To address the growing demand for improved treatments, researchers have focused their efforts on developing GLP-1 R-based multi-agonists, orally administered GLP-1RAs, and combination therapies utilizing GLP-1RAs. These new approaches offer promising benefits, such as improved effectiveness by targeting multiple pathways and reduced side effects. Additionally, the development of new uses, oral forms, and long-lasting preparations will be crucial in shaping the future market potential of GLP-1 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Zhongbo Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Neng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jing Han
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, PR China
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Jalleh RJ, Trahair LG, Wu T, Standfield S, Feinle‐Bisset C, Rayner CK, Horowitz M, Jones KL. Effect of gastric distension with concurrent small intestinal saline or glucose infusion on incretin hormone secretion in healthy individuals: A randomized, controlled, crossover study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:1849-1854. [PMID: 36864654 PMCID: PMC10947269 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of gastric distension, induced using a gastric 'barostat', on the secretion of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the presence and absence of small intestinal nutrients in healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight healthy participants (two females, six males, mean age 69.3 ± 1.2 years, body mass index 23.5 ± 0.8 kg/m2 ) were each studied on four occasions when they received an intraduodenal infusion of either (i) 0.9% saline or (ii) glucose delivered at a rate of 3 kcal/min both with, and without, an intragastric balloon with the pressure set to 8 mmHg above the intragastric minimum distending pressure. RESULTS Following intraduodenal saline or glucose infusion, there was no difference in plasma GLP-1 with or without gastric distension (P = 1.00 for both saline and glucose infusions). There was also no difference in plasma GIP with or without gastric distension (P = 1.00 for saline infusion and P = .99 for glucose infusion). CONCLUSIONS Gastric distension, either alone or during small intestinal glucose exposure, does not stimulate incretin hormone secretion significantly in healthy humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Jalleh
- Adelaide Medical SchoolThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good HealthAdelaideAustralia
- Endocrine and Metabolic UnitRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideAustralia
- Diabetes and Endocrine ServicesNorthern Adelaide Local Health NetworkAdelaideAustralia
| | - Laurence G. Trahair
- Adelaide Medical SchoolThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good HealthAdelaideAustralia
| | - Tongzhi Wu
- Adelaide Medical SchoolThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good HealthAdelaideAustralia
| | - Scott Standfield
- Adelaide Medical SchoolThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Christine Feinle‐Bisset
- Adelaide Medical SchoolThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good HealthAdelaideAustralia
| | - Christopher K. Rayner
- Adelaide Medical SchoolThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good HealthAdelaideAustralia
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideAustralia
| | - Michael Horowitz
- Adelaide Medical SchoolThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good HealthAdelaideAustralia
- Endocrine and Metabolic UnitRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideAustralia
| | - Karen L. Jones
- Adelaide Medical SchoolThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good HealthAdelaideAustralia
- Endocrine and Metabolic UnitRoyal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideAustralia
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Guo W, Xu Z, Zou H, Li F, Li Y, Feng J, Zhu Z, Zheng Q, Zhu R, Wang B, Li Y, Hao S, Qin H, Jones CL, Adegbite E, Telusca L, Fenaux M, Zhong W, Junaidi MK, Xu S, Pan H. Discovery of ecnoglutide - a novel, long-acting, cAMP-biased glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog. Mol Metab 2023:101762. [PMID: 37364710 PMCID: PMC10339203 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 is an incretin hormone that acts after food intake to stimulate insulin production, enhance satiety, and promote weight loss. Here we describe the discovery and characterization of ecnoglutide (XW003), a novel GLP-1 analog. METHODS We engineered a series of GLP-1 peptide analogs with an alanine to valine substitution (Ala8Val) and a γGlu-2xAEEA linked C18 diacid fatty acid at various positions. Ecnoglutide was selected and characterized in GLP-1 receptor signaling assays in vitro, as well as in db/db mice and a diet induced obesity (DIO) rat model. A Phase 1, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single (SAD) and multiple ascending dose (MAD) study was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous ecnoglutide injection in healthy participants. SAD doses ranged from 0.03 to 1.0 mg; MAD doses ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 mg once weekly for 6 weeks (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04389775). RESULTS In vitro, ecnoglutide potently induced cAMP (EC50 = 0.018 nM) but not GLP-1 receptor internalization (EC50 >10 μM), suggesting a desirable signaling bias. In rodent models, ecnoglutide significantly reduced blood glucose, promoted insulin induction, and led to more pronounced body weight reduction compared to semaglutide. In a Phase 1 trial, ecnoglutide was generally safe and well tolerated as a once-weekly injection for up to 6 weeks. Adverse events included decreased appetite, nausea, and headache. The half-life at steady state ranged from 124 to 138 hours, supporting once-weekly dosing. CONCLUSIONS Ecnoglutide showed a favorable potency, pharmacokinetic, and tolerability profile, as well as a simplified manufacturing process. These results support the continued development of ecnoglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Guo
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583
| | - Zheng Xu
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583; Etinpro, No. 88, Kechuang Sixth Street, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Zou
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583
| | - Feng Li
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583; Etinpro, No. 88, Kechuang Sixth Street, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Li
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583
| | - Jing Feng
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583
| | - Zhiyi Zhu
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583
| | - Qing Zheng
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583
| | - Rui Zhu
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583
| | - Bin Wang
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583
| | - Yan Li
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583
| | - Sujuan Hao
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583
| | - Hong Qin
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583; Aidea Pharma, No. 69, Xinganquan Road West, Hanjiang District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Catherine L Jones
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583
| | - Eric Adegbite
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583
| | - Libnir Telusca
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583
| | - Martijn Fenaux
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583
| | - Weidong Zhong
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583
| | - Mohammed K Junaidi
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583
| | - Susan Xu
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583
| | - Hai Pan
- Sciwind Biosciences, No. 600 Jinsha Road, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000 and 3001 Bishop Drive, Suite 300, San Ramon, CA, USA 94583.
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Ochiai K, Muto A, Seok BS, Doi Y, Iwasaki Y, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Drucker DJ, Hira T. Glucagon-like peptide-1 is involved in the thermic effects of dietary proteins in male rodents. Endocrinology 2023; 164:7151221. [PMID: 37139968 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein intake potently increases body temperature and energy expenditure, but the underlying mechanism thereof remains incompletely understood. Simultaneously, protein intake potently stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. Here, we examined the involvement of GLP-1 in the thermic effects of dietary proteins in rodents by measuring rectal temperature and energy expenditure and modulating GLP-1 signaling. Rectal temperature of rats or mice fasted for 4 or 5 h were measured using a thermocouple thermometer before and after an oral administration of nutrients. Oxygen consumption after oral protein administration was also measured in rats. Rectal temperature measurements in rats confirmed an increase in core body temperature after refeeding, and the thermic effect of the oral administration of protein was greater than that of a representative carbohydrate or lipid. Among the five dietary proteins examined (casein, whey, rice, egg, and soy), soy protein had the highest thermic effect. The thermic effect of soy protein was also demonstrated by increased oxygen consumption. Studies using a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist and thermal camera suggested that brown adipose tissue did not contribute to soy protein-induced increase in rectal temperature. Furthermore, the thermic effect of soy protein was completely abolished by antagonism and knockout of GLP-1 receptor, yet potentiated via augmentation of intact GLP-1 levels through inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity. These results indicate that GLP-1 signaling is essential for the thermic effects of dietary proteins in rats and mice, and extend the metabolic actions of GLP-1 ensuing from nutrient ingestion to encompass the thermic response to ingested protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Ochiai
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Asuka Muto
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Bong Soo Seok
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yuta Doi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yusaku Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue TCP5-1004 Mailbox 39, Toronto Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Tohru Hira
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
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Herman RJ, Hayes MR, Audrain-McGovern J, Ashare RL, Schmidt HD. Liraglutide attenuates nicotine self-administration as well as nicotine seeking and hyperphagia during withdrawal in male and female rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:1373-1386. [PMID: 37129617 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nicotine cessation is associated with increased consumption of highly palatable foods and body weight gain in most smokers. Concerns about body weight gain are a major barrier to maintaining long-term smoking abstinence, and current treatments for nicotine use disorder (NUD) delay, but do not prevent, body weight gain during abstinence. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists reduce food intake and are FDA-approved for treating obesity. However, the effects of GLP-1R agonist monotherapy on nicotine seeking and withdrawal-induced hyperphagia are unknown. OBJECTIVES We screened the efficacy of the long-lasting GLP-1R agonist liraglutide to reduce nicotine-mediated behaviors including voluntary nicotine taking, as well as nicotine seeking and hyperphagia during withdrawal. METHODS Male and female rats self-administered intravenous nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/inf) for ~21 days. Daily liraglutide administration (25 μg/kg, i.p.) started on the last self-administration day and continued throughout the extinction and reinstatement phases of the experiment. Once nicotine taking was extinguished, the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior was assessed after an acute priming injection of nicotine (0.2 mg/kg, s.c.) and re-exposure to conditioned light cues. Using a novel model of nicotine withdrawal-induced hyperphagia, intake of a high fat diet (HFD) was measured during home cage abstinence in male and female rats with a history of nicotine self-administration. RESULTS Liraglutide attenuated nicotine self-administration and reinstatement in male and female rats. Repeated liraglutide attenuated withdrawal-induced hyperphagia and body weight gain in male and female rats at a dose that was not associated with malaise-like effects. CONCLUSIONS These findings support further studies investigating the translational potential of GLP-1R agonists to treat NUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Herman
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M R Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31st Street, TRL Room 2215, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J Audrain-McGovern
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31st Street, TRL Room 2215, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - R L Ashare
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - H D Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31st Street, TRL Room 2215, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31st Street, TRL Room 2215, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Berman C, Vidmar AP, Chao LC. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Youth. touchREV Endocrinol 2023; 19:38-45. [PMID: 37313232 PMCID: PMC10258616 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2023.19.1.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have gained traction for the management of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Unlike several classes of antidiabetic medications that contribute to weight gain, GLP-1RAs not only reduce haemoglobin A1c, but also promote weight loss. While there is a large body of evidence supporting its safety and efficacy in adults, paediatric clinical trial data have only emerged in recent years. This review will discuss the limited treatment options for paediatric type 2 diabetes and the mechanism of action of GLP-1RAs as it pertains to physiological pathways relevant for type 2 diabetes, obesity and their related comorbidities. The outcomes of paediatric trials evaluating liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide and dulaglutide in paediatric type 2 diabetes and obesity will be closely examined, including differences compared with adult studies. Finally, potential barriers and strategies to expanding GLP-1RA access in adolescents will be discussed. Future studies are needed to determine if the cardio-and renal-protective benefits of GLP-1RAs apply to youth-onset type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Berman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alaina P Vidmar
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lily C Chao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kreiner FF, von Scholten BJ, Kurtzhals P, Gough SCL. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists to expand the healthy lifespan: Current and future potentials. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13818. [PMID: 37191234 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To help ensure an expanded healthy lifespan for as many people as possible worldwide, there is a need to prevent or manage a number of prevalent chronic diseases directly and indirectly closely related to aging, including diabetes and obesity. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have proven beneficial in type 2 diabetes, are amongst the few medicines approved for weight management, and are also licensed for focused cardiovascular risk reduction. In addition, strong evidence suggests several other beneficial effects of the pleiotropic peptide hormone, including anti-inflammation. Consequently, GLP-1 RAs are now in advanced clinical development for the treatment of chronic kidney disease, broader cardiovascular risk reduction, metabolic liver disease and Alzheimer's disease. In sum, GLP-1 RAs are positioned as one of the pharmacotherapeutic options that can contribute to addressing the high unmet medical need characterising several prevalent aging-related diseases, potentially helping more people enjoy a prolonged healthy lifespan.
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Patoulias D, Dimosiari A, Fragakis N. Tirzepatide for the treatment of heart failure in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: (SUR)PASS, or not? Future Cardiol 2023; 19:301-312. [PMID: 37552101 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2022-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rising pandemic, while cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, represents a frequent concomitance, increasing overall morbidity and mortality and, of course, healthcare cost. Tirzepatide is a dual agonist of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors, constituting a novel treatment option in T2DM. This agent exerts additional effects in addition to improvement in glycemic control, which can be of benefit for individuals with T2DM, especially those at risk for or with established cardiovascular disease or heart failure. Current evidence is limited, although suggestive of the cardiovascular safety of tirzepatide. This article provides an overview of available evidence regarding the use of tirzepatide in T2DM, with emphasis on clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Patoulias
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, European Interbalkan Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Asklipiou 10, 57001, Greece
- Second Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital 'Hippokration', Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54642, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athina Dimosiari
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, European Interbalkan Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Asklipiou 10, 57001, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Fragakis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital 'Hippokration', Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54642, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Thakkar P, Pauza AG, Murphy D, Paton JFR. Carotid body: an emerging target for cardiometabolic co-morbidities. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:661-671. [PMID: 36999224 PMCID: PMC10988524 DOI: 10.1113/ep090090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? Regarding the global metabolic syndrome crisis, this review focuses on common mechanisms for high blood sugar and high blood pressure. Connections are made between the homeostatic regulation of blood pressure and blood sugar and their dysregulation to reveal signalling mechanisms converging on the carotid body. What advances does it highlight? The carotid body plays a major part in the generation of excessive sympathetic activity in diabetes and also underpins diabetic hypertension. As treatment of diabetic hypertension is notoriously difficult, we propose that novel receptors within the carotid body may provide a novel treatment strategy. ABSTRACT The maintenance of glucose homeostasis is obligatory for health and survival. It relies on peripheral glucose sensing and signalling between the brain and peripheral organs via hormonal and neural responses that restore euglycaemia. Failure of these mechanisms causes hyperglycaemia or diabetes. Current anti-diabetic medications control blood glucose but many patients remain with hyperglycemic condition. Diabetes is often associated with hypertension; the latter is more difficult to control in hyperglycaemic conditions. We ask whether a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of glucose control could improve treatment of both diabetes and hypertension when they co-exist. With the involvement of the carotid body (CB) in glucose sensing, metabolic regulation and control of sympathetic nerve activity, we consider the CB as a potential treatment target for both diabetes and hypertension. We provide an update on the role of the CB in glucose sensing and glucose homeostasis. Physiologically, hypoglycaemia stimulates the release of hormones such as glucagon and adrenaline, which mobilize or synthesize glucose; however, these counter-regulatory responses were markedly attenuated after denervation of the CBs in animals. Also, CB denervation prevents and reverses insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. We discuss the CB as a metabolic regulator (not just a sensor of blood gases) and consider recent evidence of novel 'metabolic' receptors within the CB and putative signalling peptides that may control glucose homeostasis via modulation of the sympathetic nervous system. The evidence presented may inform future clinical strategies in the treatment of patients with both diabetes and hypertension, which may include the CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Thakkar
- Manaaki Manawa – the Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Audrys G. Pauza
- Manaaki Manawa – the Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - David Murphy
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Julian F. R. Paton
- Manaaki Manawa – the Centre for Heart Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
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Osaka T, Hamaguchi M, Fukui M. Favorable Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Changes in Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and Basal Insulin Co-Therapy. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 16:11795514231161885. [PMID: 37025567 PMCID: PMC10070754 DOI: 10.1177/11795514231161885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background And Aims: Maintaining appendicular skeletal muscle mass is important for maintaining the quality of life of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. The possibility of GLP-1 receptor agonists for maintaining appendicular skeletal muscle mass has previously been reported. We investigated changes in appendicular skeletal muscle mass, measured by body impedance analysis, in elderly patients who were hospitalized for diabetes self-management education. Methods: The study design was a retrospective longitudinal analysis of the changes in appendicular skeletal muscle mass in hospitalized patients over the age of 70 years. The study subjects consisted of consequential patients who received GLP-1 receptor agonist and basal insulin co-therapy or received basal insulin therapy. Body impedance analysis was performed on the day after admission and on the ninth day of admission. All patients received standard diet therapy and standard group exercise therapy 3 times per week. Results: The study subjects consisted of 10 patients who received GLP-1 receptor agonist and basal insulin co-therapy (co-therapy group) and 10 patients who received basal insulin (insulin group). The mean change in appendicular skeletal muscle mass was 0.78 ± 0.7 kg in co-therapy group and −0.09 ± 0.8 kg in the insulin group. Conclusions: This retrospective observational study suggests the possibility of favorable effects of GLP-1 receptor agonist and basal insulin co-therapy for maintaining appendicular skeletal muscle mass during hospitalization for diabetes self-management education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Osaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Ayabe Municipal Hospital, Ayabe, Japan
| | - Masahide Hamaguchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
- Michiaki Fukui, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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Nouri-Vaskeh M, Khalili N, Khalaji A, Behnam P, Alizadeh L, Ebrahimi S, Gilani N, Mohammadi M, Madinehzadeh SA, Zarei M. Circulating glucagon-like peptide-1 level in patients with liver cirrhosis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:373-378. [PMID: 33043692 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1828479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a gut-derived incretin hormone, plays a pivotal role in glucose-induced insulin secretion. Currently, the role of incretin hormones in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis is not clearly defined. This study aimed to investigate circulating levels of GLP-1 in liver cirrhosis and its association with the severity of liver disease. METHODS A total of 80 participants including 39 patients with a definite diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and 41 healthy controls recruited in this cross-sectional study. Circulating levels of GLP-1 were determined using the ELISA method. The severity of liver cirrhosis was assessed according to the Child-Pugh, MELD (i), MELD-Na, MELD New, and UK end-stage liver disease score (UKELD) criteria. RESULTS The mean age of patients and healthy subjects was 42.51 ± 12.80 and 42.07 ± 10.92 years, respectively (p value = .869). The mean MELD (i), MELD-Na, MELD New, UKELD, and Child-Pugh scores were 14.36 ± 4.26, 15.26 ± 4.81, 14.74 ± 4.66, 52.33 ± 3.82, and 7.28 ± 1.50, respectively. In this study, circulating levels of GLP-1 were statistically lower in cirrhotic patients compared with healthy controls (95.26 ± 17.15 vs 111.84 ± 38.14 pg/mL; p value = .017). CONCLUSION Larger prospective studies are needed to explore the incretin effect in cirrhosis patients compared with healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Nouri-Vaskeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Khalili
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Khalaji
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouya Behnam
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Alizadeh
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Ebrahimi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Gilani
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Mohammad Zarei
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ishikawa R, Saito K, Tachiki H, Goda R, Arai K, Shimizu H, Andou T, Takahara K, Uchiyama H, Nitta SI, Kakehi M, Hayashi K, Katagiri N, Kojima K, Fujita H, Tsuchinaga K, Saito Y. Multi-laboratory evaluation of immunoaffinity LC-MS-based glucagon-like peptide-1 assay. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:207-218. [PMID: 36961372 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although the fit-for-purpose approach has been proposed for biomarker assay validation, practical data should be compiled to facilitate the predetermination of acceptance criteria. Methods: Immunoaffinity LC-MS was used to analyze glucagon-like peptide-1 as a model biomarker in six laboratories. Calibration curve, carryover, parallelism, precision, relative accuracy and processed sample stability were evaluated, and their robustness among laboratories was assessed. The rat glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations in four blinded samples were also compared. Results: The obtained results and determined concentrations in the blinded samples at all laboratories were similar, with a few exceptions, and robust, despite the difference in optimization techniques among laboratories. Conclusion: The results provide insights into the predefinition of the acceptance criteria of immunoaffinity LC-MS-based biomarker assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Ishikawa
- Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Saito
- Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | | | - Ryoya Goda
- Daiichi Sankyo Company, Ltd, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
| | - Koji Arai
- LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, 174-8555, Japan
| | - Hisao Shimizu
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Andou
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., Kanagawa, 251-0012, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Masaaki Kakehi
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kozo Hayashi
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., Kanagawa, 251-0012, Japan
| | | | - Keiko Kojima
- LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, 174-8555, Japan
| | - Hisashi Fujita
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiro Saito
- Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
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Hassanzadeh-Rostami Z, Ghobadi S, Faghih S. Effects of whole grain intake on glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:384-396. [PMID: 35960172 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Whole grain intake may control help glycemia and reduce food intake by affecting the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP). OBJECTIVE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the postprandial and long-term effects of whole grains on GLP-1 and GIP levels. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus online databases were searched systematically to identify relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published up to April 2021. STUDY SELECTION RCTs that evaluated the effects of whole grains, compared with refined grains, on the postprandial area under the curve (AUC) value, the postprandial serum concentration of incretins from 0 to 180 minutes, or the fasting level of incretins after at least 14 days of intervention were included. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that acute intake of whole grains could not significantly change the AUC value of GLP-1 or GIP. However, the AUC value of GIP was reduced more significantly in (1) unhealthy participants (standard mean difference [SMD] -1.08; 95%CI, -2.07 to -0.10; I2 = 75.9%) compared with healthy participants, and (2) those with a baseline fasting blood glucose of ≥99 mg/dL (SMD -0.71; 95%CI, -1.30 to -0.11; I2 = 74.4%) compared with those with a baseline value of < 99 mg/dL. On the other hand, the results of time-response evaluation during 0 to 180 minutes after the intake of test meals showed that serum concentrations of GIP decreased significantly from 0 to 30 minutes (coefficient = -44.72; P = 0.005), but increased from 60 to 180 minutes (coefficient = 27.03; P = 0.005). However, long-term studies found no significant effects of whole grains on fasting concentrations of GLP-1 or GIP. CONCLUSION Whole grain intake did not affect postprandial levels of GLP-1 but enhanced postprandial levels of GIP from 60 to 180 minutes. Further high-quality trials are required to assess the long-term effects of whole grain intake on serum levels of incretins. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021256695.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hassanzadeh-Rostami
- are with the Department of Community Nutrition, Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghobadi
- is with the Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shiva Faghih
- are with the Department of Community Nutrition, Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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50
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Harada K, Takashima M, Kitaguchi T, Tsuboi T. F-actin determines the time-dependent shift in docking dynamics of glucagon-like peptide-1 granules upon stimulation of secretion. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:657-671. [PMID: 36694275 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although exocytosis can be categorized into several forms based on docking dynamics, temporal regulatory mechanisms of the exocytotic forms are unclear. We explored the dynamics of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) exocytosis in murine GLUTag cells (GLP-1-secreting enteroendocrine L-cells) upon stimulation with deoxycholic acid (DCA) or high K+ to elucidate the mechanisms regulating the balance between the different types of exocytotic forms (pre-docked with the plasma membrane before stimulation; docked after stimulation and subsequently fused; or rapidly recruited and fused after stimulation, without stable docking). GLP-1 exocytosis showed a biphasic pattern, and we found that most exocytosis was from the pre-docked granules with the plasma membrane before stimulation, or granules rapidly fused to the plasma membrane without docking after stimulation. In contrast, granules docked with the plasma membrane after stimuli and eventually fused were predominant thereafter. Inhibition of actin polymerization suppressed exocytosis of the pre-docked granules. These results suggest that the docking dynamics of GLP-1 granules shows a time-dependent biphasic shift, which is determined by interaction with F-actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Harada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maoko Takashima
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitaguchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuboi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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