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Hou C, Song X, Xiong Z, Wang G, Xia Y, Ai L. Investigating the Role of β-Disodium Glycerophosphate and Urea in Promoting Growth of Streptococcus thermophilus from Omics-Integrated Genome-Scale Models. Foods 2024; 13:1006. [PMID: 38611312 PMCID: PMC11011449 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of urea and β-GP on the growth of Streptococcus thermophilus S-3, a bacterium commonly used in industrial fermentation processes. Through a series of growth experiments, transcriptome, metabolome, and omics-based analyses, the research demonstrates that both urea and β-GP can enhance the biomass of S. thermophilus, with urea showing a more significant effect. The optimal urea concentration for growth was determined to be 3 g/L in M17 medium. The study also highlights the metabolic pathways influenced by urea and β-GP, particularly the galactose metabolism pathway, which is crucial for cell growth when lactose is the substrate. The integration of omics data into the genome-scale metabolic model of S. thermophilus, iCH502, allowed for a more accurate prediction of metabolic fluxes and growth rates. The study concludes that urea can serve as a viable substitute for β-GP in the cultivation of S. thermophilus, offering potential cost and efficiency benefits in industrial fermentation processes. The findings are supported by validation experiments with 11 additional strains of S. thermophilus, which showed increased biomass in UM17 medium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lianzhong Ai
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (C.H.); (X.S.); (Z.X.); (G.W.); (Y.X.)
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2
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Qiao Y, Zou J, Fei W, Fan W, You Q, Zhao Y, Li MB, Wu Z. Building Block Metal Nanocluster-Based Growth in 1D Direction. Small 2024; 20:e2305556. [PMID: 37849043 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters with precisely modulated structures at the nanoscale give us the opportunity to synthesize and investigate 1D nanomaterials at the atomic level. Herein, it realizes selective 1D growth of building block nanocluster "Au13 Cd2 " into three structurally different nanoclusters: "hand-in-hand" (Au13 Cd2 )2 O, "head-to-head" Au25 , and "shoulder-to-shoulder" Au33 . Detailed studies further reveals the growth mechanism and the growth-related tunable properties. This work provides new hints for the predictable structural transformation of nanoclusters and atomically precise construction of 1D nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Qiao
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jiafeng Zou
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wenwen Fei
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wentao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Qing You
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Man-Bo Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Zhikun Wu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
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3
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Wang M, Chen D, Li Z, Wang Z, Huang S, Hai P, Tan Y, Zhuang X, Liu P. Epitaxial Growth of Two-Dimensional Nonlayered AuCrS 2 Materials via Au-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition. Nano Lett 2024; 24:2308-2314. [PMID: 38324009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nonlayered transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials are emergent platforms for various applications from catalysis to quantum devices. However, their limited availability and nonstraightforward synthesis methods hinder our understanding of these materials. Here, we present a novel technique for synthesizing 2D nonlayered AuCrS2 via Au-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Our detailed structural analysis reveals the layer-by-layer growth of [AuCrS2] units atop an initial CrS2 monolayer, with Au binding to the adjacent monolayer of CrS2, which is in stark contrast with the well-known metal intercalation mechanism in the synthesis of many other 2D nonlayered materials. Theoretical calculations further back the crucial role of Cr in increasing the mobility of Au species and strengthening the adsorption energy of Au on CrS2, thereby aiding the growth throughout the CVD process. Additionally, the resulting free-standing nanoporous AuCrS2 (NP-AuCrS2) exhibits exceptional electrocatalytic properties for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - DeChao Chen
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Ziqian Wang
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Senhe Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Pengqi Hai
- School of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yongwen Tan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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4
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Li X, Wang X, Shi H, Jin Y, Hu X, Xu C, Tang L, Ma M, Lu L. Bubble-Mediated Production of Few-Layer Graphene via Vapor-Liquid Reaction between Carbon Dioxide and Magnesium Melt. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:897. [PMID: 38399146 PMCID: PMC10890148 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
It is urgent to develop novel technologies to convert carbon dioxide to graphene. In this work, a bubble-mediated approach via a chemical reaction between carbon dioxide gas and magnesium melt to fabricate a few-layer graphene was illustrated. The morphology and defects of graphene can be regulated by manipulating the melt temperature. The preparation of graphene at 720 °C exhibited an excellent quality of surface and graphitization degree. The high-quality few-layer graphene can be grown under the combined effect of carbon dioxide bubbles and in-situ grown MgO. This preparation method possesses the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, and environmental protection, which may provide a new strategy for the recovery and reuse of greenhouse gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (X.L.); (Y.J.); (X.H.); (C.X.)
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (X.L.); (Y.J.); (X.H.); (C.X.)
- Hunan Rongtuo New Material Research Co., Ltd., Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Hailong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (X.L.); (Y.J.); (X.H.); (C.X.)
| | - Yuchao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (X.L.); (Y.J.); (X.H.); (C.X.)
| | - Xiaoshi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (X.L.); (Y.J.); (X.H.); (C.X.)
| | - Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (X.L.); (Y.J.); (X.H.); (C.X.)
| | - Lunyuan Tang
- Hunan Rongtuo New Material Research Co., Ltd., Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Min Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
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5
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Li L, Xu S, Liu Z, Wang D. Insight into the Growth Mechanism of Low-Temperature Synthesis of High-Purity Lithium Slag-Based Zeolite A. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:568. [PMID: 38591387 PMCID: PMC10856251 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of lithium slag (LS), a solid waste generated during the production of lithium carbonate, poses challenges due to its high sulfur content. This study presents a novel approach to enhancing the value of LS by employing alkali fusion and hydrothermal synthesis techniques to produce zeolite A at low temperatures. The synthesis of high-purity and crystalline lithium-slag-based zeolite A (LSZ) at 60 °C is reported for the first time in this research. The phase, morphology, particle size, and structure of LSZ were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, N2 adsorption, and UV Raman spectroscopy, respectively. High-purity and crystalline zeolite A was successfully obtained under hydrothermal conditions of 60 °C, an NaOH concentration of 2.0 mol/L, and a hydrothermal time of 8 h. The samples synthesized at 60 °C exhibited better controllability and almost no byproduct of sodalite occurred compared to zeolite A synthesized at room temperature or conventional temperature (approximately 90 °C). Additionally, the growth mechanism of LSZ was elucidated, challenging the traditional understanding of utilization of lithium and enabling the synthesis of various zeolites at lower temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ze Liu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Ding No. 11, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; (L.L.); (S.X.); (D.W.)
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6
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Ding ST, Chen YC, Yu QJ, Zeng G, Shi CY, Shen L, Zhao XF, Lu HL. Characteristics of tunable aluminum-doped Ga 2O 3thin films and photodetectors. Nanotechnology 2024; 35:155703. [PMID: 38176077 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad1afc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum-doped Ga2O3(AGO) thin films were prepared by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD). The growth mechanism, surface morphology, chemical composition, and optical properties of AGO films were systematically investigated. The bandgap of AGO films can be theoretically set between 4.65 and 6.8 eV. Based on typical AGO films, metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (PDs) were created, and their photoelectric response was examined. The preliminary results show that PE-ALD grown AGO films have high quality and tunable bandgap, and AGO PDs possess superior characterizations to undoped films. The AGO realized using PE-ALD is expected to be an important route for the development of a new generation of gallium oxide-based photodetectors into the deep-ultraviolet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Tong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics & Systems, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Jiashan Fudan Institute, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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7
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Paineau E, Bourdelle F, Bhandary R, Truche L, Lorgeoux C, Bacia-Verloop M, Monet G, Rouzière S, Vantelon D, Briois V, Launois P. Nonclassical Growth Mechanism of Double-Walled Metal-Oxide Nanotubes Implying Transient Single-Walled Structures. Small 2024:e2308665. [PMID: 38229562 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The formation of imogolite nanotubes is reported to be a kinetic process involving intermediate roof-tile nanostructures. Here, the structural evolution occurring during the synthesis of aluminogermanate double-walled imogolite nanotubes is in situ monitored, thanks to an instrumented autoclave allowing the control of the temperature, the continuous measurement of pH and pressure, and the regular sampling of gas and solution. Chemical analyses confirm the completion of the precursor's conversion with the release of CO2 , ethanol, and dioxane as main side products. The combination of microscopic observations, infrared, and absorption spectroscopies with small and wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments unravel a unique growth mechanism implying transient single-walled nanotubes instead of the self-assembly of stacked proto-imogolite tiles. The growth formation of these transient nanotubes is followed at the molecular level by Quick-X-ray absoprtion specotrscopy experiments. Multivariate data analysis evidences that the near neighboring atomic environment of Ge evolves from monotonous to a more complex one as the reaction progresses. The following transformation into a double-walled nanotube takes place at a nearly constant mean radius, as demonstrated by the simulation of X-ray scattering diagrams. Overall, transient nanotubes appear to serve for the anchoring of a new wall, corresponding to a mechanism radically different from that proposed in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Paineau
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Franck Bourdelle
- GEC Laboratoire Géosciences & Environnement Cergy, CY Cergy Paris Université, Neuville-sur-Oise, 95000, France
| | - Rajesh Bhandary
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Laurent Truche
- CNRS, ISTerre, University Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700, Grenoble, 38058, France
| | - Catherine Lorgeoux
- GeoRessources, UMR 7359 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54506, France
| | - Maria Bacia-Verloop
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, CNRS, Université de Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38027, France
| | - Geoffrey Monet
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Stéphan Rouzière
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Delphine Vantelon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, 91192, France
| | - Valérie Briois
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, 91192, France
| | - Pascale Launois
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
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8
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Zhang L, Xu Z, Feng T, He M, Hansen TW, Wagner JB, Liu C, Cheng H. Breaking the Axis-Symmetry of a Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube During Its Growth. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2304905. [PMID: 37897312 PMCID: PMC10754088 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetrical growth of a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) by introducing a change of a local atomic structure, is usually inevitable and supposed to have a profound effect on the chirality control and property tailor. However, the breaking of the symmetry during SWCNT growth remains unexplored and its origins at the atomic-scale are elusive. Here, environmental transmission electron microscopy is used to capture the process of breaking the symmetry of a growing SWCNT from a sub-2-nm platinum catalyst nanoparticle in real-time, demonstrating that topological defects formed on the side of a SWCNT can serve as a buffer for stress release and inherently break its axis-symmetrical growth. Atomic-level details reveal the importance of the tube-catalyst interface and how the atom rearrangement of the solid-state platinum catalyst around the interface influences the final tubular structure. The active sites responsible for trapping carbon dimers and providing enough driving force for carbon incorporation and asymmetric growth are shown to be low-coordination step edges, as confirmed by theoretical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials ScienceInstitute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences72 Wenhua RoadShenyang110016China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China
| | - Tian‐liang Feng
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China
| | - Maoshuai He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266042China
| | | | | | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials ScienceInstitute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences72 Wenhua RoadShenyang110016China
| | - Hui‐Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials ScienceInstitute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences72 Wenhua RoadShenyang110016China
- Institute of Technology for Carbon NeutralityShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences1068 Xueyuan RoadShenzhen518055China
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9
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Zhou L, Sun Y, Wu Y, Zhu Y, Xu Y, Jia J, Wang F, Wang R. Controlled Growth of Pd Nanocrystals by Interface Interaction on Monolayer MoS 2: An Atom-Resolved in Situ Study. Nano Lett 2023. [PMID: 38010863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The crystal growth kinetics is crucial for the controllable preparation and performance modulation of metal nanocrystals (NCs). However, the study of growth mechanisms is significantly limited by characterization techniques, and it is still challenging to in situ capture the growth process. Real-time and real-space imaging techniques at the atomic scale can promote the understanding of microdynamics for NC growth. Herein, the growth of Pd NCs on monolayer MoS2 under different atmospheres was in situ studied by environmental transmission electron microscopy. Introducing carbon monoxide can modulate the diffusion of Pd monomers, resulting in the epitaxial growth of Pd NCs with a uniform orientation. The electron energy loss spectroscopy and theoretical calculations showed that the CO adsorption assured the specific exposed facets and good uniformity of Pd NCs. The insight into the gas-solid interface interaction and the microscopic growth mechanism of NCs may shed light on the precise synthesis of NCs on two-dimensional (2D) materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, The State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yinghui Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, The State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yusong Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, The State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuchen Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, The State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, The State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Rongming Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, The State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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10
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Qiao Z, Wang X, Zhai Y, Yu R, Fang Z, Chen G. In Situ Real-Time Observation of Formation and Self-Assembly of Perovskite Nanocrystals at High Temperature. Nano Lett 2023. [PMID: 37982537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have received much attention due to their outstanding optical and electronic properties, but the underlying growth mechanism remains elusive due to their rapid formation process. Here, we report an in situ real-time study of the growth of Cs4PbBr6 NCs under practical synthesis conditions in a custom-made reactor. Through the synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering technique, we find that the formation of Cs4PbBr6 NCs is accomplished in three steps: the fast nucleation process accompanied by self-focusing growth, the subsequent diffusion-limited Ostwald ripening, and the self-assembly of NCs into the face-centered cubic (fcc) superlattices at high temperature and the termination of growth. The simultaneously collected wide-angle X-ray scattering signals further corroborate the three-step growth model. The influence of superlattice formation is also elucidated, which improves the uniformity of the final NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qiao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yufeng Zhai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Runze Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhu Fang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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11
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Wang Y, Zhang W, Chen Y, Zeng X, Huang J, Wei H, Tu J. Mechanism of carbon nanotube growth in expanded graphite via catalytic pyrolysis reaction using carbores P as a carbon source. Front Chem 2023; 11:1260099. [PMID: 37927565 PMCID: PMC10625408 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1260099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) had potential applications in energy conversion and storage devices, and it could be prepared by expanded graphite loaded with catalyst at high temperature, however, the mechanism of carbon nanotube growth in expanded graphite need further confirmation. In this work, carbon nanotubes' in situ growth in expanded graphite (EG) were prepared via catalytic pyrolysis reaction using carbores P as a carbon source and Co(NO3)3•6H2O as a catalyst. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS) indicated the carbon nanotubes could generate in, EG with the presence of carbores P as a carbon source and cobalt nitrate as a catalyst. More interestingly, the growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes could be concluded by the results of differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (DTA-TG-MS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The pyrolysis products of carbores P were mainly hydrocarbon gas such as CH4 gas, which reacts with Co(NO3)3·6H2O catalyst to reduces CoOx to Co particles, then the carbon form pyrolysis was deposited the on the surface catalyst Co particles and, after continuous solid dissolution and precipitation, carbon nanotubes were at last generated in EG at last.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Wang
- College of Mining Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Tangshan Guoliang Special Refractory Limited Company, Postdoctoral Workstation, Tangshan, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- College of Mining Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuejun Chen
- College of Mining Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiongfeng Zeng
- College of Mining Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Tangshan Guoliang Special Refractory Limited Company, Postdoctoral Workstation, Tangshan, China
| | - Jiankun Huang
- Tangshan Guoliang Special Refractory Limited Company, Postdoctoral Workstation, Tangshan, China
| | - Hengyong Wei
- College of Mining Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Junbo Tu
- College of Mining Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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12
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Karmakar S, Sultana M, Haque A. Q-Carbon as a Corrosion-Resistant Coating. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:46269-46279. [PMID: 37748041 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
A newly discovered quenched form of carbon, widely known as Q-carbon, thin films are synthesized by the direct conversion of the amorphous carbon layer using the nanosecond pulsed laser annealing technique, and its corrosion-resistant properties, that is, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique, are investigated. The unique microstructure and the existence of defects (sp2 content) in sp3-rich Q-carbon are highly desirable for efficient corrosion-resistant performance. The sp3 percentage of the as-grown Q-carbon is measured to be ∼80.5% from the D and G peaks of the Raman and C-1S X-ray photoelectron spectrum. The anti-corrosion properties with inhibition durability of Q-carbon thin films are systematically investigated in various concentrations of Na2SO4 solutions, and the corrosion potential, corrosion current, and corrosion rate of Q-carbon are determined to be -253 V, 30.1 × 10-5 A/cm2, and 0.00528, respectively, for 1 M Na2SO4 solution. Both series and contact resistance decrease from 5498.6 and 821.1 Ω to 698.8 and 124.3 Ω with an increase of Na2SO4 concentration from 0.1 to 1 M, respectively. The small shift of PDP curves toward more negative potential, the shrinkage of the radius of semicircular arcs in the Nyquist plot (Z″ vs Z'), and negligible loss in corrosion resistance (∼78%) are observed for Q-carbon thin film at the immersion time up to 48 h. The unique sp2-sp3 ratio, shorter bond length, compact atomic arrangement, and minimum porosity, along with the high adhesion strength, due to the ultrafast solid-liquid-solid growth route, of Q-carbon thin film on the substrate signify it as a better alternative compared to the existing corrosion-resistant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Karmakar
- Electrical Engineering, Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Maria Sultana
- Electrical Engineering, Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Ariful Haque
- Electrical Engineering, Ingram School of Engineering, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
- Materials Science, Engineering & Commercialization Program, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
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13
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Singh V, Feldman Y, Leitus G, Brumfeld V, Shimon LJW, Lahav M, van der Boom ME. Factors Controlling Complex Morphologies of Isomorphous Metal-Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301825. [PMID: 37334917 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate here how nitrate salts of bivalent copper, nickel, cobalt, and manganese, along with an achiral organic ligand, assemble into various structures such as symmetrical double-decker flowers, smooth elongated hexagonal bipyramids, and hexagonal prisms. Large morphological changes occur in these structures because of different metal cations, although they maintain isomorphous hexagonal crystallographic structures. Metal cations with stronger coordination to ligands (Cu and Ni) tend to form uniform crystals with unusual shapes, whereas weaker coordinating metal cations (Mn and Co) produce crystals with more regular hexagonal morphologies. The unusual flower-like crystals formed with copper nitrate have two pairs of six symmetrical petals with hexagonal convex centers. The texture of the petals indicates dendritic growth. Two different types of morphologies were formed by using different copper nitrate-to-ligand ratios. An excess of the metal salt results in uniform and hexagonal crystals having a narrow size distribution, whereas the use of an excess of ligand results in double-decker morphologies. Mechanistically, an intermediate structure was observed with slightly concave facets and a domed center. Such structures most likely play a key role in the formation of double-decker crystals that can be formed by fusion processes. The coordination chemistry results in isostructural chiral frameworks consisting of two types of continuous helical channels. Four pyridine units from four separate ligands are coordinated to the metal center in a plane having a chiral (propeller-type) arrangement. The individual double-decker flower crystals are homochiral and a batch consists of crystals having both handedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Singh
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Yishay Feldman
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Gregory Leitus
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Vlad Brumfeld
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Linda J W Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Michal Lahav
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Milko E van der Boom
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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14
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Shangguan L, He LB, Ran YT, Hong H, Zhu JH, Gao YT, Sun LT. Hydrothermal Synthesis of Te Nanosheets: Growth Mechanism and Electrical Property. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:38707-38715. [PMID: 37527542 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal synthesis is a highly efficient way to yield multiform Te nanosheets. However, the growth mechanisms and property discrepancies between different types of Te nanosheets are still unclear. In this paper, we perform an investigation on this issue by monitoring the hydrothermally synthesized Te nanosheets at different growth stages with transmission electron microscopy and electrical tests. Three main types of Te nanosheets and their variants are revealed including trapezoidal and "V"-shaped configurations. It is found that the different types of Te nanosheets dominate at different reaction stages, indicating a sequential growth scenario. Surfactants and surface energy co-determine the growth kinetics, while the crystallographic attachments lead to specifically included angles of 74° and 41° in the "V"-shaped Te nanosheets. The fractions of the three main types of Te nanosheets as a function of reaction time are statistically tracked, and their crystalline structures, interfaces, and preferential growth orientations are uncovered. Moreover, the electrical properties of the Te nanosheets are tested, and the results show an interface-related feature. These findings provide some new insights into the synthesis and property of low-dimensional Te functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shangguan
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, P. R. China
| | - Long-Bing He
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, P. R. China
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Manufacture, Joint Research Institute of Southeast University and Monash University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ting Ran
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, P. R. China
| | - Hua Hong
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, P. R. China
| | - Jiong-Hao Zhu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Tian Gao
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, P. R. China
| | - Li-Tao Sun
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, P. R. China
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Manufacture, Joint Research Institute of Southeast University and Monash University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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15
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Li Q, Liu T, Li Y, Li F, Zhao Y, Huang S. A Wrinkling and Etching-Assisted Regrowth Strategy for Large-Area Bilayer Graphene Preparation on Cu. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2059. [PMID: 37513070 PMCID: PMC10385747 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Bilayer graphene is a contender of interest for functional electronic applications because of its variable band gap due to interlayer interactions. Graphene growth on Cu is self-limiting, thus despite the fact that chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has made substantial strides in the production of monolayer and single-crystal graphene on Cu substrates, the direct synthesizing of high-quality, large-area bilayer graphene remains an enormous challenge. In order to tackle this issue, we present a simple technique using typical CVD graphene growth followed by a repetitive wrinkling-etching-regrowth procedure. The key element of our approach is the rapid cooling process that causes high-density wrinkles to form in the monolayer area rather than the bilayer area. Next, wrinkled sites are selectively etched with hydrogen, exposing a significant portion of the active Cu surface, and leaving the remaining bilayer areas, which enhance the nucleation and growth of the second graphene layer. A fully covered graphene with 78 ± 2.8% bilayer coverage and a bilayer transmittance of 95.6% at room temperature can be achieved by modifying the process settings. Bilayer graphene samples are examined using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and an atomic force microscope (AFM) during this process. The outcomes of our research are beneficial in clarifying the growth processes and future commercial applications of bilayer graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Li
- School of Electronic, Electrical Engineering and Physics, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China
| | - Tongzhi Liu
- School of Electronic, Electrical Engineering and Physics, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China
| | - You Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Fang Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yanshuai Zhao
- School of Electronic, Electrical Engineering and Physics, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China
| | - Shihao Huang
- School of Electronic, Electrical Engineering and Physics, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China
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16
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Kim M, Son M, Seo DB, Kim J, Jang M, Kim DI, Lee S, Yim S, Song W, Myung S, Yoo JW, Lee SS, An KS. Dual Catalytic and Self-Assembled Growth of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Through Simultaneous Predeposition Process. Small 2023; 19:e2206350. [PMID: 36866498 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The recent introduction of alkali metal halide catalysts for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has enabled remarkable two-dimensional (2D) growth. However, the process development and growth mechanism require further exploration to enhance the effects of salts and understand the principles. Herein, simultaneous predeposition of a metal source (MoO3 ) and salt (NaCl) by thermal evaporation is adopted. As a result, remarkable growth behaviors such as promoted 2D growth, easy patterning, and potential diversity of target materials can be achieved. Step-by-step spectroscopy combined with morphological analyses reveals a reaction path for MoS2 growth in which NaCl reacts separately with S and MoO3 to form Na2 SO4 and Na2 Mo2 O7 intermediates, respectively. These intermediates provide a favorable environment for 2D growth, including an enhanced source supply and liquid medium. Consequently, large grains of monolayer MoS2 are formed by self-assembly, indicating the merging of small equilateral triangular grains on the liquid intermediates. This study is expected to serve as an ideal reference for understanding the principles of salt catalysis and evolution of CVD in the preparation of 2D TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kim
- Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyun Son
- Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Bum Seo
- Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonjeong Jang
- Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong In Kim
- Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghun Lee
- Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonmin Yim
- Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseok Song
- Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Myung
- Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sook Lee
- Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seok An
- Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
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17
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Wang QB, Xu QQ, Yang MZ, Wu ZS, Xia XC, Yin JZ, Han ZH. Vapor-Liquid-Solid Growth of Site-Controlled Monolayer MoS 2 Films Via Pressure-Induc ed Supercritical Phase Nucleation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:17396-17405. [PMID: 36950967 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel pressure-induced supercritical phase nucleation method is proposed to synthesize monolayer MoS2 films, which is promoter free and can avoid contamination of films derived from these heterogeneous promoters in most of the existing techniques. The low-crystallinity and size-controlled MoO2(acac)2 particles are recrystallized on the substrate via the pressure-sensitive solvent capacity of supercritical CO2 and these particles are used as growth sites. The size of single-crystal MoS2 on the substrate is found to be dependent on the wetting area of the pyrolyzed precursor droplets (MoO2) on the surface, and the formation of continuous films with high coverage is mainly controlled by the coalescence of MoO2 droplets. It is enhanced by the increase of the nucleation site density, which can be adjusted by the supersaturation of the supercritical fluid solution. Our findings pave a new way for the controllable growth of MoS2 and other two-dimensional materials and provide sufficient and valuable evidence for vapor-liquid-solid growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Qin-Qin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Zhong-Shuai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Xia
- School of Physics & School of Microelectronics, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
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18
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Shen J, He Y, Gao C, Tao X, Yang B, Wang M, Ye G. Synthesis of Large-Area Single- to Few-Layered MoS 2 on an Ionic Liquid Surface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:13724-13729. [PMID: 36877226 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Large-area fabrication of transition metal dichalcogenides via environmentally friendly and efficient processes has been a long-standing issue in the field of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Here, we report that single- to few-layered MoS2 sheets with an average size of the order of micrometers have been successfully synthesized on an ionic liquid surface by a modified low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LP-CVD) method without the assistance of catalysts. It is found that the MoS2 sheets grown on the liquid substrate exhibit a complete molecular crystal structure, which is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy measurements. The interlayer spacing does not change significantly with the increase of the MoS2 layers, corresponding to a layer-by-layer growth pattern. The growth mechanism of the MoS2 sheets is presented according to the experimental results. The work provides a new and simple method of preparing more molecular crystals on liquid substrates and will contribute to further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Shen
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yi He
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Gao
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiangming Tao
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Gaoxiang Ye
- School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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Phan PT, Ta QTH, Nguyen PKT. Designed Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Mini Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15. [PMID: 36850171 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks are porous crystals of polymers with two categories based on their covalent linkages: layered structures with two dimensions and networks with three-dimensional structures. Three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks are porous, have large surface areas, and have highly ordered structures. Since covalent bonds are responsible for the formation of three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks, their synthesis has been a challenge and different structures are generated during the synthesis. Moreover, initially, their topologies have been limited to dia, ctn, and bor which are formed by the condensation of triangular or linear units with tetrahedral units. There are very few building units available for their synthesis. Finally, the future perspective of 3D COFs has been designated for the future development of three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks.
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20
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Ke C, Ma J, Ni J, Peng Z. A study of the growth mechanism of large-diameter double-wall TiO 2 nanotube arrays fabricated by high voltage anodization. Ann Transl Med 2023; 11:18. [PMID: 36760252 PMCID: PMC9906208 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Research on the growth mechanism of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube arrays fabricated by anodic oxidation is essential to achieve artificial control of the microstructure and to expand their applications. In our previous work, we reported the preparation of highly ordered large-diameter double-wall TiO2 nanotube arrays prepared by high voltage anodization. Methods In this paper, we observed and analyzed the initial growth process of large-diameter double-wall TiO2 nanotube arrays anodized at 120 V in ethylene glycol electrolyte containing aluminum fluoride (NH4F) and water (H2O), such as the evolution of surface and cross-sectional morphologies, the influence of current density on growth rate, the transition process from nanoholes to nanotubes, and the evolution of dimples on the remaining substrate. Results On the basis of our observations and inspirations from the existing viewpoints, we established growth models of large-diameter double-wall TiO2 nanotube arrays corresponding to different growth stages to explain the growth process. The growth rate of anodic oxide film changes accordingly with the current density. The compact anodic oxide film formed initially actually contains outer layer and inner layer, with no obvious interface between them. Then, the bottom even levels of the inner layer and outer layer bulge towards the substrate and become individual hemisphere-like structures. The inner layer becomes the outer wall, and the outer layer becomes inner wall. Eventually, V-shaped large-diameter and double-wall TiO2 nanotube arrays form. Conclusions The results presented in this work are significant and provide a better understanding of the growth mechanism of large-diameter double-wall TiO2 nanotube arrays anodized by high voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhai Ke
- Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jingyun Ma
- Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiahua Ni
- Ningbo Regen Biotech, Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Peng
- Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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21
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Gao J, Jiang Y, Chen S, Yue H, Ren H, Zhu Z, Wei F. Molecular Evolutionary Growth of Ultralong Semiconducting Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 10:e2205025. [PMID: 36424168 PMCID: PMC9811487 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembling preparation accompanied with template auto-catalysis loop and the ability to gather energy, induces the appearance of chirality and entropy reduction in biotic systems. However, an abiotic system with biotic characteristics is of great significance but still missing. Here, it is demonstrated that the molecular evolution is characteristic of ultralong carbon nanotube preparation, revealing the advantage of chiral assembly through template auto-catalysis growth, stepwise-enriched chirality distribution with decreasing entropy, and environmental effects on the evolutionary growth. Specifically, the defective and metallic nanotubes perform inferiority to semiconducting counterparts, among of which the ones with double walls and specific chirality (n, m) are more predominant due to molecular coevolution. An explicit evolutionary trend for tailoring certain layer chirality is presented toward perfect near-(2n, n)-containing semiconducting double-walled nanotubes. These findings extend our conceptual understanding for the template auto-catalysis assembly of abiotic carbon nanotubes, and provide an inspiration for preparing chiral materials with kinetic stability by evolutionary growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yaxin Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Sibo Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Hongjie Yue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - He Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Zhenxing Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and TechnologyDepartment of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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22
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Kim DH, Kong M, Kang M, Kim M, Kim S, Kim Y, Yoon S, Ok JM. Growth of delafossite CuAlO 2single crystals in a reactive crucible. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 51:024002. [PMID: 36215967 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac98e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Delafossite oxide CuAlO2has received great attention as a promising p-type conducting oxide. In this work, high-quality CuAlO2single crystals with a size of several millimeters (mm) are successfully synthesized with areactivecrucible melting method. The crystals are characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, transport measurement, and magnetic susceptibility measurement. The CuAlO2single crystals show semiconducting behavior with hole carriers, which is consistent with other crystals grown by the conventional slow-cooling method. This growth method we reported here eliminates the process of removing the remaining flux, allowing easy access to the high-quality single crystals. This new approach to growing high-quality delafossite oxide CuAlO2with a few mm size is important for new technologies that demand p-type semiconductor-based device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Hyung Kim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, 46241 Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsik Kong
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, 46241 Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongjun Kang
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, 46241 Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Kim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, 46241 Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohee Kim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, 46241 Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwook Kim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, 42988 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmoon Yoon
- Department of Physics, Gachon Universtiy, 13120 Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Mok Ok
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, 46241 Busan, Republic of Korea
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23
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Ma R, Qiu L, Zhang L, Tang DM, Wang Y, Zhang B, Ding F, Liu C, Cheng HM. Nucleation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes from Faceted Pt Catalyst Particles Revealed by in Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS Nano 2022; 16:16574-16583. [PMID: 36228117 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Revealing the nucleation and growth mechanism of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) from faceted solid catalysts is crucial to the control of their structure and properties. However, due to the small size and complex growth environment, the early stages and dynamic process of SWCNT nucleation have rarely been directly revealed, especially under atmospheric conditions. Here, we report the atomic-resolved nucleation of SWCNTs from the faces of truncated octahedral Pt catalysts under atmospheric pressure using a transmission electron microscope equipped with a gas-cell. It was found that the graphene layers were initially formed preferentially on (111) surfaces, which then joined together to form an annular belt and a hemispherical cap, followed by the elongation of the SWCNT. Based on the observations, an annular belt assembly nucleation model and a possible chirality control mechanism are proposed for SWCNTs grown from well-faceted Pt catalysts, which provides useful guidance for the controlled synthesis of SWCNTs by catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lu Qiu
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Lili Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dai-Ming Tang
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yang Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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24
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Bisht P, Kumar A, Ghosh A, Vullum PE, Sunding MF, Belle BD, Mehta BR. Tailoring the Vertical and Planar Growth of 2D WS 2 Thin Films Using Pulsed Laser Deposition for Enhanced Gas Sensing Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:36789-36800. [PMID: 35943092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pulsed laser deposition has been utilized for the controllable synthesis of WS2 thin films with growth orientation ranging from vertically to horizontally aligned layers, and the effect of growth parameters has been investigated. The growth of thin films on SiO2 substrates at three different pressures (30, 50, and 70 mTorr) and three different temperatures (400, 500, and 600 °C) has been studied. Detailed characterizations carried out on the as-grown layers clearly show the formation of the 2H-WS2 phase and its morphological evolution with deposition conditions. Atomic force microscopy and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy have been used to deduce the growth mechanism of the vertical and planar films with different deposition parameters. The samples grown with a combination of lower temperatures and higher pressures exhibit a vertical flake-like growth with a flake thickness of ∼2-5 nm. However, at higher temperatures and lower pressures, the film growth is observed to be rather planar. The gas sensing parameters and the underlying mechanism have been observed to be quite different for vertically and horizontally grown layers. The vertical layers showed a selective response toward NO2 gas at room temperature (RT) with a limit of detection less than 50 ppb. In comparison, a very subdued and poor gas sensing response was recorded for the planar film at RT. A large specific area and abundance of active edge sites along with the flat basal plane present in the vertically grown layers seem to be responsible for efficient gas sensing toward NO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Bisht
- Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Abhishek Ghosh
- Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Per Erik Vullum
- SINTEF Industry, Høgskoleringen, NO: 57046, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | | | - Branson D Belle
- SINTEF Industry, Materials Physics, Forskningsveien 1, NO: 0373, Oslo 0314, Norway
| | - Bodh Raj Mehta
- Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Directorate of Research, Innovation and Development, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201309, India
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25
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Ham J, Ko M, Choi B, Kim HU, Jeon N. Understanding Physicochemical Mechanisms of Sequential Infiltration Synthesis toward Rational Process Design for Uniform Incorporation of Metal Oxides. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:6132. [PMID: 36015891 PMCID: PMC9416371 DOI: 10.3390/s22166132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) is a novel technique for fabricating organic-inorganic hybrid materials and porous inorganic materials by leveraging the diffusion of gas-phase precursors into a polymer matrix and chemical reactions between the precursors to synthesize inorganic materials therein. This study aims to obtain a fundamental understanding of the physicochemical mechanisms behind SIS, from which the SIS processing conditions are rationally designed to obtain precise control over the distribution of metal oxides. Herein, in situ FTIR spectroscopy was correlated with various ex situ characterization techniques to study a model system involving the growth of aluminum oxides in poly(methyl methacrylate) using trimethyl aluminum (TMA) and water as the metal precursor and co-reactant, respectively. We identified the prominent chemical states of the sorbed TMA precursors: (1) freely diffusing precursors, (2) weakly bound precursors, and (3) precursors strongly bonded to pre-existing oxide clusters and studied how their relative contributions to oxide formation vary in relation to the changes in the rate-limiting step under different growth conditions. Finally, we demonstrate that uniform incorporation of metal oxide is realized by a rational design of processing conditions, by which the major chemical species contributing to oxide formation is modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoong Ham
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Minkyung Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Boyun Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hyeong-U Kim
- Department of Plasma Engineering, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Korea
| | - Nari Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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26
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Wang B, Wang J, Niu X. Growth mechanism and self-polarization of bilayer InSb (111) on Bi (001) substrate. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 34:335001. [PMID: 35675806 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac7700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polarity introduced by inversion symmetry broken along <111> direction has strong impacts on the physical properties and morphological characteristics of III-V component nanostructure. Take III-V component semiconductor InSb as an example, we systematically investigate the growth sequence and morphology evolution of InSb (111) on Bi (001) substrate from adatoms to bilayers. We discovered and verified that the presence of amorphous-like morphology of monolayer InSb was attributed to the strong interaction between mix-polarity InSb and Bi substrate. Further, our comprehensive energy investigations of bilayer InSb reveal that an amorphous first layer will be crystallized and polarized driven by the low surface energy of the reconstructed second layers. Phase diagrams were developed to describe the ongoing polarization process of bilayer InSb under various chemical environments as a function of deposition time. The growth mechanism and polarity phase diagram of bilayer InSb on Bi substrate may advance the progress of polarity controllable growth of low-dimensional InSb nanostructure as well as other polar III-V compound semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojun Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Niu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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27
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Luo S, Turcheniuk K, Chen L, Song AY, Hu W, Ren X, Sun Z, Ramprasad R, Yushin G. Synthesis of Mg Alkoxide Nanowires from Mg Alkoxide Nanoparticles upon Ligand Exchange. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:13820-13827. [PMID: 35286060 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on a new synthesis pathway for Mg n-propoxide nanowires (NWs) from Mg ethoxide nanoparticles using a simple alkoxy ligand exchange reaction followed by condensation polymerization in n-propanol. In order to uncover the morphology-structure correlation in the metal alkoxide family, we employed a powerful range of state-of-the-art characterization techniques. The morphology transformation from nanoparticles to nanowires was demonstrated by time-lapse SEM micrographs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (such as 1H NMR and solid-state 13C cross-polarization (CP)-MAS NMR) illustrated the replacement of ethyl by n-propyl and metal alkoxide condensation polymerization. We identified chemical formulas of the products also using NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure simulation of Mg ethoxide particles and Mg n-propoxide NWs provided insights on how the ligand exchange and the associated increase in the fraction of OH groups greatly enhanced Mg alkoxide bonding and enabled a higher degree of coordination polymerization to facilitate the formation and growth of the Mg n-propoxide NWs. The discovered synthesis method could be extended for the fabrication of other metal alkoxide (nano) structures with various morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunrui Luo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, PR China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kostiantyn Turcheniuk
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Lihua Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ah-Young Song
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Wenqiang Hu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, PR China
| | - Zifei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Rampi Ramprasad
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Gleb Yushin
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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28
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Abstract
The morphology of as-grown graphene in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) experiments is sensitive to the reaction environment. Understanding the mechanism of formation of different graphene morphologies is essential to achieve controlled graphene CVD growth. Here the growth and formation mechanism of adlayer graphene spirals are reported. An adlayer graphene spiral is formed by fast propagation of the tips of spiral arms along the edge of the first graphene layer. The driving force to form spirals is the limited availability of carbon diffusing from the Cu surface through the edge of the first graphene layer. In addition, it is found that graphene onions are formed by overlapping graphene spirals with clockwise and anticlockwise arms. Based on these features, a kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) method is demonstrated using which all the observed graphene spiral structures are successfully reproduced at the atomic level. This study thus unravels the hither-to unresolved mechanism of graphene onion growth and paves the way to the controllable growth of few-layer graphene by increasing the carbon supply at the edge of the first layer graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Sun
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Kong
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoju Park
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Fengning Liu
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Zonghoon Lee
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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29
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Yao Y, Negishi R, Takajo D, Takamura M, Taniyasu Y, Kobayashi Y. Scanning probe analysis of twisted graphene grown on a graphene/silicon carbide template. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:155603. [PMID: 34969026 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac473a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Overlayer growth of graphene on an epitaxial graphene/silicon carbide (SiC) as a solid template by ethanol chemical vapor deposition is performed over a wide growth temperature range from 900 °C to 1450 °C. Structural analysis using atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopies reveal that graphene islands grown at 1300 °C form hexagonal twisted bilayer graphene as a single crystal. When the growth temperature exceeds 1400 °C, the grown graphene islands show a circular shape. Moreover, moiré patterns with different periods are observed in a single graphene island. This means that the graphene islands grown at high temperature are composed of several graphene domains with different twist angles. From these results, we conclude that graphene overlayer growth on the epitaxial graphene/SiC solid at 1300 °C effectively synthesizes the twisted few-layer graphene with a high crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryota Negishi
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takajo
- Research Center for Thermal and Entropic Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Makoto Takamura
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taniyasu
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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30
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Liu H, Ouyang D, Wang J, Lei C, Shi W, Gilliam T, Liu J, Li Y, Chopra N. Chemical Vapor Deposition Mechanism of Graphene-Encapsulated Au Nanoparticle Heterostructures and Their Plasmonics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:58134-58143. [PMID: 34807555 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Direct encapsulation of graphene shells on noble metal nanoparticles via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been recently reported as a unique way to design and fabricate new plasmonic heterostructures. But currently, the fundamental nature of the growth mechanism of graphene layers on metal nanostructures is still unknown. Herein, we report a systematic investigation on the CVD growth of graphene-encapsulated Au nanoparticles (Au@G) by combining an experimental parameter study and theoretical modeling. We studied the effect of growth temperature, duration, hydrocarbon precursor concentration, and extent of reducing (H2) environment on the morphology of the products. In addition, the influence of plasma oxidation conditions for the surface oxidation of gold nanoparticles on the graphene shell growth is evaluated in combination with thermodynamic calculations. We find that these parameters critically aid in the evolution of graphene shells around gold nanoparticles and allow for controlling shell thickness, graphene shell quality and morphology, and hybrid nanoparticle diameter. An optimized condition including the growth temperature of ∼675 °C, duration of 30 min, and xylene feed rate of ∼10 mL/h with 10% H2/Ar carrier gas was finally obtained for the best morphology evolution. We further performed finite-element analysis (FEA) simulations to understand the equivalent von Mises stress distribution and discrete dipolar approximation (DDA) calculation to reveal the optical properties of such new core-shell heterostructures. This study brings new insight to the nature of CVD mechanism of Au@G and might help guiding their controlled growth and future design and application in plasmonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heguang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Decai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Chao Lei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Wenwu Shi
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401, United States
| | - Todd Gilliam
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401, United States
| | - Jianxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Nitin Chopra
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401, United States
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31
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M A G, Rahman A. Phase evolution of all-inorganic perovskite nanowires during its growth from quantum dots. Nanotechnology 2021; 33:085706. [PMID: 34753118 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac37e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
All-inorganic lead-halide perovskites have emerged as an exciting material owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties and high stability over hybrid organometallic perovskites. Nanowires of these materials, in particular, have shown great promise for optoelectronic applications due to their high optical absorption coefficient and low defect state density. However, the synthesis of the most promising alpha-Cesium lead iodide (α-CsPbI3) nanowires is challenging as it is metastable and spontaneously converts to a non-perovskiteδ-phase. The hot-injection method is one of the most facile, well-controlled, and commonly used approaches for synthesizing CsPbX3nanostructures. But the exact mechanism of growing these nanowires in this technique is not clear. Here, we show that the hot-injection method produces photoactive phases of quantum dots (QDs) and nanowires of CsPbBr3,and QDs of CsPbI3, but CsPbI3nanowires are grown in their non-perovskiteδ-phase. Monitoring the nanowire growth during the hot-injection technique and through detailed characterization, we establish that CsPbI3nanowires are formed in the non-perovskite phase from the beginning rather than transforming after its growth from perovskite to a non-perovskite phase. We have discussed a possible mechanism of how non-perovskite nanowires of CsPbI3grow at the expense of photoactive perovskite QDs. Our findings will help to synthesize nanostructures of all-inorganic perovskites with desired phases, which is essential for successful technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul M A
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute for Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
| | - Atikur Rahman
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute for Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-411008, India
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32
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Lu W, Nakayama N, Ito K, Katsuro S, Sone N, Miyamoto Y, Okuno K, Iwaya M, Takeuchi T, Kamiyama S, Akasaki I. Morphology Control and Crystalline Quality of p-Type GaN Shells Grown on Coaxial GaInN/GaN Multiple Quantum Shell Nanowires. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:54486-54496. [PMID: 34730933 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The morphology and crystalline quality of p-GaN shells on coaxial GaInN/GaN multiple quantum shell (MQS) nanowires (NWs) were investigated using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. By varying the trimethylgallium (TMG) flow rate, Mg doping, and growth temperature, it was verified that the TMG supply and growth temperature were the dominant parameters in the control of the p-GaN shape on NWs. Specifically, a sufficiently high TMG supply enabled the formation of a pyramid-shaped NW structure with a uniform p-GaN shell. The ratio of the growth rate between the c- and m-planes on the NWs was calculated to be approximately 0.4545. High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy characterization confirmed that no clear extended defects were present in the n-GaN core and MQS/p-GaN shells on the sidewall. Regarding the p-GaN shell above the c-plane MQS region, only a few screw dislocations and Frank-type partial dislocations appeared at the interface between the serpentine c-plane MQS and the p-GaN shell near the tips. This suggested that the crystalline quality of the MQS structure can trigger the formation of screw dislocations and Frank-type partial dislocations during the p-GaN growth. The growth mechanism of the p-GaN shell on NWs was also discussed. To inspect the electronic properties, a prototype of a micro light-emitting diode (LED) with a chip size of 50 × 50 μm2 was demonstrated in the NWs with optimal growth. By correlating the light output curve with the electroluminescence spectra, three different emission peaks (450, 470, and 510 nm) were assignable to the emission from the m-, r-, and c-planes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Nanami Nakayama
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuma Ito
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Sae Katsuro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Sone
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
- Koito Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Tokyo 108-8711, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Miyamoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Koji Okuno
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
- Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd., Ichinomiya, Aichi 492-8542, Japan
| | - Motoaki Iwaya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takeuchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kamiyama
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Isamu Akasaki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
- Akasaki Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 460-8601, Japan
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Kharlamova MV, Kramberger C. Metal Cluster Size-Dependent Activation Energies of Growth of Single-Chirality Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes inside Metallocene-Filled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11102649. [PMID: 34685090 PMCID: PMC8539448 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
By combining in situ annealing and Raman spectroscopy measurements, the growth dynamics of nine individual-chirality inner tubes (8,8), (12,3), (13,1), (9,6), (10,4), (11,2), (11,1), (9,3) and (9,2) with diameters from ~0.8 to 1.1 nm are monitored using a time resolution of several minutes. The growth mechanism of inner tubes implies two successive stages of the growth on the carburized and purely metallic catalytic particles, respectively, which are formed as a result of the thermally induced decomposition of metallocenes inside the outer SWCNTs. The activation energies of the growth on carburized Ni and Co catalytic particles amount to 1.85–2.57 eV and 1.80–2.71 eV, respectively. They decrease monotonically as the tube diameter decreases, independent of the metal type. The activation energies of the growth on purely metallic Ni and Co particles equal 1.49–1.91 eV and 0.77–1.79 eV, respectively. They increase as the tube diameter decreases. The activation energies of the growth of large-diameter tubes (dt = ~0.95–1.10 nm) on Ni catalyst are significantly larger than on Co catalyst, whereas the values of small-diameter tubes (dt = ~0.80–0.95 nm) are similar. For both metals, no dependence of the activation energies on the chirality of inner tubes is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna V. Kharlamova
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/2, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskii Pereulok, 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Christian Kramberger
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
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Jašek O, Toman J, Šnírer M, Jurmanová J, Kudrle V, Michalička J, Všianský D, Pavliňák D. Microwave plasma-based high temperature dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons and alcohols as a single route to highly efficient gas phase synthesis of freestanding graphene. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:505608. [PMID: 34496359 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac24c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding underlying processes behind the simple and easily scalable graphene synthesis methods enables their large-scale deployment in the emerging energy storage and printable device applications. Microwave plasma decomposition of organic precursors forms a high-temperature environment, above 3000 K, where the process of catalyst-free dehydrogenation and consequent formation of C2molecules leads to nucleation and growth of high-quality few-layer graphene (FLG). In this work, we show experimental evidence that a high-temperature environment with a gas mixture of H2and acetylene, C2H2, leads to a transition from amorphous to highly crystalline material proving the suggested dehydrogenation mechanism. The overall conversion efficiency of carbon to FLG reached up to 47%, three times as much as for methane or ethanol, and increased with increasing microwave power (i.e. with the size of the high-temperature zone) and hydrocarbon flow rate. The yield decreased with decreasing C:H ratio while the best quality FLG (low D/G-0.5 and high 2D/G-1.5 Raman band ratio) was achieved for C:H ratio of 1:3. The structures contained less than 1 at% of oxygen. No additional hydrogen was necessary for the synthesis of FLG from higher alcohols having the same stoichiometry, 1-propanol and isopropanol, but the yield was lower, 15%, and dependent on the atom arrangement of the precursor. The prepared FLG nanopowder was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Raman, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. Microwave plasma was monitored by optical emission spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Jašek
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Toman
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šnírer
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Jurmanová
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Kudrle
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Michalička
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Všianský
- Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Pavliňák
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
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35
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Bae J, Yoo Y. A Novel Carbon-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Large-Area Uniform Monolayer MoS 2 and WS 2. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2423. [PMID: 34578743 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Monolayer MoS2 can be used for various applications such as flexible optoelectronics and electronics due to its exceptional optical and electronic properties. For these applications, large-area synthesis of high-quality monolayer MoS2 is highly desirable. However, the conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using MoO3 and S powder has shown limitations in synthesizing high-quality monolayer MoS2 over a large area on a substrate. In this study, we present a novel carbon cloth-assisted CVD method for large-area uniform synthesis of high-quality monolayer MoS2. While the conventional CVD method produces thick MoS2 films in the center of the substrate and forms MoS2 monolayers at the edge of the thick MoS2 films, our carbon cloth-assisted CVD method uniformly grows high-quality monolayer MoS2 in the center of the substrate. The as-synthesized monolayer MoS2 was characterized in detail by Raman/photoluminescence spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. We reveal the growth process of monolayer MoS2 initiated from MoS2 seeds by synthesizing monolayer MoS2 with varying reaction times. In addition, we show that the CVD method employing carbon powder also produces uniform monolayer MoS2 without forming thick MoS2 films in the center of the substrate. This confirms that the large-area growth of monolayer MoS2 using the carbon cloth-assisted CVD method is mainly due to reducing properties of the carbon material, rather than the effect of covering the carbon cloth. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our carbon cloth-assisted CVD method is generally applicable to large-area uniform synthesis of other monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides, including monolayer WS2.
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36
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Ge S, Cai Z, Zhang H, He L, Wang P, Zhang L, Fang Y. The smart growth of self-assembled silver nanoloops. Nanotechnology 2021; 32:465604. [PMID: 34320483 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac18a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enclosed silver nanoloops have unique features in manipulating and controlling light. However, even the conception of their growth mechanism has not been established. The intermediate structure at the growth stage were revealed as the crucial issue for studying their smart growth mechanism of silver nanoloops and nanowires. Early growth stage showed that silver nanorods and nanoparticles were grown in their respective polyvinylpyrrolidone micelles. Then, the silver nanorods and nanoparticles were assembled in a rod-particle-rod pattern via micelle-micelle coupling, forming linear silver nanowires. These silver nanowires were attracted by Van der Waals forces forming the initial nanoloop. Notably, there was a silver nanoparticle between the ends of two adjacent nanowires. This silver nanoparticle acted like solder and played a crucial role in connecting the two adjacent nanowires; consequently, a silver nanoloop was formed. This finding also suggested that similar smart growth patterns might exist for other one-dimensional and looped nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaipeng Ge
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixue Cai
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling He
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijie Wang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Fang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-photonics and Nano-structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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Ok JM, Yoon S, Lupini AR, Ganesh P, Huon A, Chisholm MF, Lee HN. Twin-Domain Formation in Epitaxial Triangular Lattice Delafossites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:22059-22064. [PMID: 33905221 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Twin domains are often found as structural defects in symmetry mismatched epitaxial thin films. The delafossite ABO2, which has a rhombohedral structure, is a good example that often forms twin domains. Although bulk metallic delafossites are known to be the most conducting oxides, high conductivity is yet to be realized in thin film forms. Suppressed conductivity found in thin films is mainly caused by the formation of twin domains, and their boundaries can be a source of scattering centers for charge carriers. To overcome this challenge, the underlying mechanism for their formation must be understood so that such defects can be controlled and eliminated. Here, we report the origin of structural twins formed in a CuCrO2 delafossite thin film on a substrate with hexagonal or triangular symmetries. A robust heteroepitaxial relationship is found for the delafossite film with the substrate, and the surface termination turns out to be critical to determine and control the domain structure of epitaxial delafossites. Based on such discoveries, we also demonstrate twin-free epitaxial thin films grown on high-miscut substrates. This finding provides an important synthesis strategy for growing single-domain delafossite thin films and can be applied to other delafossites for the epitaxial synthesis of high-quality thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Mok Ok
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sangmoon Yoon
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Andrew R Lupini
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Panchapakesan Ganesh
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Amanda Huon
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Matthew F Chisholm
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ho Nyung Lee
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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Wang N, Wong WW, Yuan X, Li L, Jagadish C, Tan HH. Understanding Shape Evolution and Phase Transition in InP Nanostructures Grown by Selective Area Epitaxy. Small 2021; 17:e2100263. [PMID: 33856732 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a strong demand for III-V nanostructures of different geometries and in the form of interconnected networks for quantum science applications. This can be achieved by selective area epitaxy (SAE) but the understanding of crystal growth in these complicated geometries is still insufficient to engineer the desired shape. Here, the shape evolution and crystal structure of InP nanostructures grown by SAE on InP substrates of different orientations are investigated and a unified understanding to explain these observations is established. A strong correlation between growth direction and crystal phase is revealed. Wurtzite (WZ) and zinc-blende (ZB) phases form along <111>A and <111>B directions, respectively, while crystal phase remains the same along other low-index directions. The polarity induced crystal structure difference is explained by thermodynamic difference between the WZ and ZB phase nuclei on different planes. Growth from the openings is essentially determined by pattern confinement and minimization of the total surface energy, regardless of substrate orientations. A novel type-II WZ/ZB nanomembrane homojunction array is obtained by tailoring growth directions through alignment of the openings along certain crystallographic orientations. The understanding in this work lays the foundation for the design and fabrication of advanced III-V semiconductor devices based on complex geometrical nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyin Wang
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Wei Wen Wong
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Yuan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Australian National Fabrication Facility ACT Node, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical System, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hark Hoe Tan
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical System, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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39
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Liu F, Wang M, Liu X, Wang B, Li C, Liu C, Lin Z, Huang F. A Rapid and Robust Light-and-Solution-Triggered In Situ Crafting of Organic Passivating Membrane over Metal Halide Perovskites for Markedly Improved Stability and Photocatalysis. Nano Lett 2021; 21:1643-1650. [PMID: 33570964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite intriguing optoelectronic attributes in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and photocatalysis, the instability of organic-inorganic perovskites poises a grand challenge for long-term applications. Herein, we report a simple yet robust strategy via light-and-solution treatment to create an organic membrane that effectively passivates CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3). Specifically, the restructuring of MA+ is observed on MAPbI3 in aqueous hydrogen iodide. HIO3 molecules are generated via the reaction between water and I2 induced by photocatalysis when MAPbI3 is illuminated. The hydrogen bonding between HIO3 molecules at different perovskite particles not only directs the creeplike growth of perovskite particles but also in situ forms a passivating layer firmly anchoring on the perovskite surface with hydrophilic -NH3+ groups tethering to perovskites and hydrophobic -CH3 moieties exposed to air. Intriguingly, such MA+ film greatly improves the stability of perovskites against moisture as well as their crystal quality, considerably enhancing the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Mengye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Caifu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chenning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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40
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Ahn C, Park Y, Shin S, Ahn JG, Song I, An Y, Jung J, Kim CS, Kim JH, Bang J, Kim D, Baik J, Lim H. Growth of Monolayer and Multilayer MoS 2 Films by Selection of Growth Mode: Two Pathways via Chemisorption and Physisorption of an Inorganic Molecular Precursor. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:6805-6812. [PMID: 33497202 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report facile growth methods for high-quality monolayer and multilayer MoS2 films using MoOCl4 as the vapor-phase molecular Mo precursor. Compared to the conventional covalent solid-type Mo precursors, the growth pressure of MoOCl4 can be precisely controlled. This enables the selection of growth mode by adjusting growth pressure, which facilitates the control of the growth behavior as the growth termination at a monolayer or as the continuous growth to a multilayer. In addition, the use of carbon-free precursors eliminates concerns about carbon contamination in the produced MoS2 films. Systematic studies for unveiling the growth mechanism proved two growth modes, which are predominantly the physisorption and chemisorption of MoOCl4. Consequently, the thickness of MoS2 can be controlled by our method as the application demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaehyeon Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Park
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Guk Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Intek Song
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Andong National University, 1375 Gyeongdong-ro, Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoon An
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 12 Technosaneop-ro 55-gil, Nam-gu, Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Soo Kim
- Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 101 Soho-ro, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52851, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Bang
- Department of Bio-Nano Chemistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehyun Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 80 Jigok-ro 127 beon-gil, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoon Baik
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, 80 Jigok-ro 127 beon-gil, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseob Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Li C, Zhang L, Gong T, Cheng Y, Li L, Li L, Jia S, Qi Y, Wang J, Gao Y. Study of the Growth Mechanism of Solution-Synthesized Symmetric Tellurium Nanoflakes at Atomic Resolution. Small 2021; 17:e2005801. [PMID: 33470501 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a new member of 2D materials, 2D tellurium (Te) has recently attracted much attention due to its intriguing properties. Through hydrothermal processing, 2D Te with tunable thickness and size has been realized, and its growth mechanism has also been studied. However, the tailored growth of 2D Te nanoflakes with symmetrical morphologies and interfacial moiré fringes has never been reported. Here, 2D Te nanoflakes have been prepared using the hydrothermal method, and mirror-symmetrical shapes (including "V-shape," "heart-shape," and "paper airplane-shape") with obvious moiré fringes in the middle of the nanoflakes are observed. Comprehensive transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques are utilized for structural characterization of these nanoflakes, especially the moiré fringes in the symmetry axis region of the nanoflakes. The systematic analyses of the moiré fringes and the observation of obvious overlapping edges of the composing nanoflakes from the cross-sectional samples reveal the possible mechanism of morphological evolution for these symmetrical nanoflakes. These details may fill the research gap in the controllable growth of 2D Te nanomaterials, pave the way for the fabrication of 2D Te moiré superlattices and in-plane homojunctions, and promote their future versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Center for Nanoscale Characterization & Devices, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Tian Gong
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Yongfa Cheng
- Center for Nanoscale Characterization & Devices, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Luying Li
- Center for Nanoscale Characterization & Devices, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Li Li
- Center for Nanoscale Characterization & Devices, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Shuangfeng Jia
- Center for Electron Microscopy, MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures and the Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Yajun Qi
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Center for Electron Microscopy, MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures and the Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Yihua Gao
- Center for Nanoscale Characterization & Devices, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
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42
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Che Lah NA, Kamaruzaman A, Trigueros S. pH-Dependent Formation of Oriented Zinc Oxide Nanostructures in the Presence of Tannic Acid. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 11:nano11010034. [PMID: 33375524 PMCID: PMC7823811 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
To crucially comprehend the relaying factors behind the growth mechanism of ZnO nanostructures, the needs to understand the cause of preferences in the enhancement of desired physicochemical properties are essential. The particular oriented attachment (OA) is believed to become the cause of the classical growth pattern of ZnO nanostructures which is mainly controlled by the Ostwald ripening (OR) process. In the present work, the concerns over the systematic changes in size and the morphological surface of ZnO nanostructures upon exposure to tannic acid (TA) prepared by drop-wise method turns the particles to different surface adjustment state. Here, we assessed the TA capping ability and its tendency to influence the OA process of the ZnO nanostructures. The detailed process of the growth-based TA system via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and FFT autocorrelation revealed the pH effect on their physical properties which proved the transition surface properties state of the particles from rough to smooth states due to oriented attachment. For pure ZnO nanostructures, the surface is almost smooth owing to the strong bonding particles which are then changed to coarsened surface structures upon the introduction of TA. Strong surface adsorption of Zn cations and phenol ligands mediated the agglomerated nanocrystals, surprisingly with smaller nanostructures dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Akmal Che Lah
- Faculty of Manufacturing & Mechatronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang 26600, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-9424-5825
| | - Aqilah Kamaruzaman
- Faculty of Manufacturing & Mechatronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Pahang 26600, Malaysia;
| | - Sonia Trigueros
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK;
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Wang Y, Qiu L, Zhang L, Tang DM, Ma R, Wang Y, Zhang B, Ding F, Liu C, Cheng HM. Precise Identification of the Active Phase of Cobalt Catalyst for Carbon Nanotube Growth by In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS Nano 2020; 14:16823-16831. [PMID: 33275403 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Revealing the active phase and structure of catalyst nanoparticles (NPs) is crucial for understanding the growth mechanism and realizing the controlled synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). However, due to the high temperature and complex environment during CNT growth, precise identification of the active catalytic phase remains a great challenge. We investigated the phase evolution of cobalt (Co) catalyst NPs during the incubation, nucleation, and growth stages of CNTs under near-atmospheric pressure using an in situ close-cell environmental transmission electron microscope (ETEM). Strict statistical analysis of the electron diffractograms was performed to accurately identify the phases of the catalyst NPs. It was found that the NPs belong to an orthorhombic Co3C phase that remained unchanged during CNT growth, with errors in lattice spacing <5% and in angle <2°, despite changes in their morphology and orientation. Theoretical calculations further confirm that Co3C is the thermodynamically preferred phase during CNT growth, with the supply of carbon atoms through the surface and NP-CNT interfacial diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lu Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Lili Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dai-Ming Tang
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Ruixue Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongzhao Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feng Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, 1001 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Choudhary MK, Jain R, Rimer JD. In situ imaging of two-dimensional surface growth reveals the prevalence and role of defects in zeolite crystallization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28632-9. [PMID: 33127756 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011806117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Zeolite crystallization predominantly occurs by nonclassical pathways involving the attachment of complex (alumino)silicate precursors to crystal surfaces, yet recurrent images of fully crystalline materials with layered surfaces are evidence of classical growth by molecule attachment. Here we use in situ atomic force microscopy to monitor three distinct mechanisms of two-dimensional (2D) growth of zeolite A where we show that layer nucleation from surface defects is the most common pathway. Direct observation of defects was made possible by the identification of conditions promoting layered growth, which correlates to the use of sodium as an inorganic structure-directing agent, whereas its replacement with an organic results in a nonclassical mode of growth that obscures 2D layers and markedly slows the rate of crystallization. In situ measurements of layered growth reveal that undissolved silica nanoparticles in the synthesis medium can incorporate into advancing steps on crystal surfaces to generate defects (i.e., amorphous silica occlusions) that largely go undetected in literature. Nanoparticle occlusion in natural and synthetic crystals is a topic of wide-ranging interest owing to its relevance in fields spanning from biomineralization to the rational design of functional nanocomposites. In this study, we provide unprecedented insight into zeolite surface growth by molecule addition through time-resolved microscopy that directly captures the occlusion of silica nanoparticles and highlights the prevalent role of defects in zeolite crystallization.
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Wang T, Ren K, He M, Dong W, Xiao W, Pan H, Yang J, Yang Y, Liu P, Cao Z, Ma X, Wang H. Synthesis and Manipulation of Single-Crystalline Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide Cathodes: A Review of Growth Mechanism. Front Chem 2020; 8:747. [PMID: 33033714 PMCID: PMC7509038 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cathodes are of great importance for the development of lithium ion batteries with high energy density. Currently, most commercially available NMC products are polycrystalline secondary particles, which are aggregated by anisotropic primary particles. Although the polycrystalline NMC particles have demonstrated large gravimetric capacity and good rate capabilities, the volumetric energy density, cycling stability as well as production adaptability are not satisfactory. Well-dispersed single-crystalline NMC is therefore proposed to be an alternative solution for further development of high-energy-density batteries. Various techniques have been explored to synthesize the single-crystalline NMC product, but the fundamental mechanisms behind these techniques are still fragmented and incoherent. In this manuscript, we start a journey from the fundamental crystal growth theory, compare the crystal growth of NMC among different techniques, and disclose the key factors governing the growth of single-crystalline NMC. We expect that the more generalized growth mechanism drawn from invaluable previous works could enhance the rational design and the synthesis of cathode materials with superior energy density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Advanced Energy Storage Materials & Devices Lab, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Polytechnic, Yinchuan, China
| | - Keliang Ren
- Advanced Energy Storage Materials & Devices Lab, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Miao He
- Advanced Energy Storage Materials & Devices Lab, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenhao Dong
- Advanced Energy Storage Materials & Devices Lab, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyu Pan
- Advanced Energy Storage Materials & Devices Lab, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Advanced Energy Storage Materials & Devices Lab, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Advanced Energy Storage Materials & Devices Lab, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Office of Frontier Technology, Ningxia Power and Energy Storage Lithium-Ion Battery Materials Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongwei, China
| | - Zhijie Cao
- Advanced Energy Storage Materials & Devices Lab, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- Advanced Energy Storage Materials & Devices Lab, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Advanced Energy Storage Materials & Devices Lab, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,Office of Frontier Technology, Ningxia Power and Energy Storage Lithium-Ion Battery Materials Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongwei, China
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46
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Ke W, Liu Y, Wang X, Qin X, Chen L, Palomino RM, Simonovis JP, Lee I, Waluyo I, Rodriguez JA, Frenkel AI, Liu P, Zaera F. Nucleation and Initial Stages of Growth during the Atomic Layer Deposition of Titanium Oxide on Mesoporous Silica. Nano Lett 2020; 20:6884-6890. [PMID: 32840377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A chemical approach to the deposition of thin films on solid surfaces is highly desirable but prone to affect the final properties of the film. To better understand the origin of these complications, the initial stages of the atomic layer deposition of titania films on silica mesoporous materials were characterized. Adsorption-desorption measurements indicated that the films grow in a layer-by-layer fashion, as desired, but initially exhibit surprisingly low densities, about one-quarter of that of bulk titanium oxide. Electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV/visible, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy data pointed to the amorphous nature of the first monolayers, and EXAFS and 29Si CP/MAS NMR results to an initial growth via the formation of individual tetrahedral Ti-oxide units on isolated Si-OH surface groups with unusually long Ti-O bonds. Density functional theory calculations were used to propose a mechanism where the film growth starts at the nucleation centers to form an open 2D structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Ke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Xuelong Wang
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Xiangdong Qin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Limei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Robert M Palomino
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Juan Pablo Simonovis
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Ilkeun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Iradwikanari Waluyo
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - José A Rodriguez
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Anatoly I Frenkel
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Ping Liu
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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47
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Hong C, Kim YI, Seo JH, Kim JH, Ma A, Lim YJ, Seo D, Baek SY, Jung H, Nam KM. Comprehensive Study of the Growth Mechanism and Photoelectrochemical Activity of a BiVO 4/Bi 2S 3 Nanowire Composite. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:39713-39719. [PMID: 32569460 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A BiVO4/Bi2S3 composite comprising Bi2S3 nanowires on top of a BiVO4 film was prepared via hydrothermal reaction. Because additional Bi3+ ions were not delivered during the reaction, BiVO4 served as the Bi3+ ion source for the development of Bi2S3. A detailed growth mechanism of the nanowire was elucidated by an analysis of the concentration gradient of Bi3+ and S2- ions during the reaction. The in situ growth was followed by the etching of BiVO4 to Bi3+ and VO43- ions and regrowth to Bi2S3, which resulted in the rapid evolution of nanowires on the BiVO4 substrate. The fabricated BiVO4/Bi2S3NW composite exhibited an improved photoelectrochemical activity compared to other Bi2S3 samples. The improved efficiency was mainly attributed to both improved charge separation and effective adhesion obtained by the in situ growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhyun Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Geumjeong, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeok Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Geumjeong, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Geumjeong, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyeon Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Geumjeong, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ji Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Geumjeong, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Geumjeong, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Baek
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Geumjeong, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Geumjeong, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Min Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Geumjeong, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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48
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Yakimchuk DV, Bundyukova VD, Ustarroz J, Terryn H, Baert K, Kozlovskiy AL, Zdorovets MV, Khubezhov SA, Trukhanov AV, Trukhanov SV, Panina LV, Arzumanyan GM, Mamatkulov KZ, Tishkevich DI, Kaniukov EY, Sivakov V. Morphology and Microstructure Evolution of Gold Nanostructures in the Limited Volume Porous Matrices. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E4397. [PMID: 32781722 DOI: 10.3390/s20164397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The modern development of nanotechnology requires the discovery of simple approaches that ensure the controlled formation of functional nanostructures with a predetermined morphology. One of the simplest approaches is the self-assembly of nanostructures. The widespread implementation of self-assembly is limited by the complexity of controlled processes in a large volume where, due to the temperature, ion concentration, and other thermodynamics factors, local changes in diffusion-limited processes may occur, leading to unexpected nanostructure growth. The easiest ways to control the diffusion-limited processes are spatial limitation and localized growth of nanostructures in a porous matrix. In this paper, we propose to apply the method of controlled self-assembly of gold nanostructures in a limited pore volume of a silicon oxide matrix with submicron pore sizes. A detailed study of achieved gold nanostructures’ morphology, microstructure, and surface composition at different formation stages is carried out to understand the peculiarities of realized nanostructures. Based on the obtained results, a mechanism for the growth of gold nanostructures in a limited volume, which can be used for the controlled formation of nanostructures with a predetermined geometry and composition, has been proposed. The results observed in the present study can be useful for the design of plasmonic-active surfaces for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based detection of ultra-low concentration of different chemical or biological analytes, where the size of the localized gold nanostructures is comparable with the spot area of the focused laser beam.
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49
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Xiang W, Tian Q, Zhong C, Deng Y, Han X, Hu W. A Solution-based Method for Synthesizing Pyrite-type Ferrous Metal Sulfide Microspheres with Efficient OER Activity. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2231-2238. [PMID: 32500645 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple and stable synthesis of transition metal sulfides and clarification of their growth mechanisms are of great importance for developing catalysts, metal-air batteries and other technologies. In this work, we developed a one-step facile hydrothermal approach to successfully synthesize NiS2 microspheres. By changing the experimental parameters, the reason that affects the formation of nanostructured spheres is investigated and discussed in detail, and the formation mechanism of microspheres is proposed innovatively. Furthermore, electrochemical testing results show that the 7 h-NiS2 catalyst exhibits a remarkable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity with an overpotential of 311 mV at 10 mA cm-2 in 1.0 M KOH, superior to precious metal RuO2 . The NiS2 catalyst also exhibits a robust durability. This work will contributes to the rational design and the understanding of growth mechanism of transition metal chalcogenide electrocatalysts for diverse energy conversion technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Xiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qianqiu Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Yida Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaopeng Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy-Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Wenbin Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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50
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Kim TH, Zhao H, Xu B, Jensen BA, King AH, Kramer MJ, Nan C, Ke L, Zhou L. Mechanisms of Skyrmion and Skyrmion Crystal Formation from the Conical Phase. Nano Lett 2020; 20:4731-4738. [PMID: 32202799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Real-space topological magnetic structures such as skyrmions and merons are promising candidates for information storage and transport. However, the microscopic mechanisms that control their formation and evolution are still unclear. Here, using in situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate that skyrmion crystals (SkXs) can nucleate, grow, and evolve from the conical phase in the same ways that real nanocrystals form from vapors or solutions. More intriguingly, individual skyrmions can also "reproduce" by division in a mitosis-like process that allows them to annihilate SkX lattice imperfections, which is not available to crystals made of mass-conserving particles. Combined string method and micromagnetic calculations show that competition between repulsive and attractive interactions between skyrmions governs particle-like SkX growth, but nonconservative SkX growth appears to be defect mediated. Our results provide insights toward manipulating magnetic topological states by applying established crystal growth theory, adapted to account for the new process of skyrmion mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Kim
- Ames Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Haijun Zhao
- Ames Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Ben Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Brandt A Jensen
- Ames Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Alexander H King
- Ames Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Matthew J Kramer
- Ames Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Cewen Nan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liqin Ke
- Ames Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Lin Zhou
- Ames Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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