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Srivastava R, Singh R, Jauhari S, Lodhi N, Srivastava R. Histone Demethylase Modulation: Epigenetic Strategy to Combat Cancer Progression. Epigenomes 2023; 7:epigenomes7020010. [PMID: 37218871 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes7020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are heritable, reversible changes in histones or the DNA that control gene functions, being exogenous to the genomic sequence itself. Human diseases, particularly cancer, are frequently connected to epigenetic dysregulations. One of them is histone methylation, which is a dynamically reversible and synchronously regulated process that orchestrates the three-dimensional epigenome, nuclear processes of transcription, DNA repair, cell cycle, and epigenetic functions, by adding or removing methylation groups to histones. Over the past few years, reversible histone methylation has become recognized as a crucial regulatory mechanism for the epigenome. With the development of numerous medications that target epigenetic regulators, epigenome-targeted therapy has been used in the treatment of malignancies and has shown meaningful therapeutic potential in preclinical and clinical trials. The present review focuses on the recent advances in our knowledge on the role of histone demethylases in tumor development and modulation, in emphasizing molecular mechanisms that control cancer cell progression. Finally, we emphasize current developments in the advent of new molecular inhibitors that target histone demethylases to regulate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rubi Singh
- Department of Hematology, Bioreference Laboratories, Elmwood Park, NJ 07407, USA
| | - Shaurya Jauhari
- Division of Education, Training, and Assessment, Global Education Center, Infosys Limited, Mysuru 570027, Karnataka, India
| | - Niraj Lodhi
- Clinical Research (Research and Development Division) Mirna Analytics LLC, Harlem Bio-Space, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Rakesh Srivastava
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology, GenTox Research and Development, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Matsuoka S, Petri G, Larson K, Behnke A, Wang X, Peng M, Spagnoli S, Lohr C, Milston-Clements R, Divilov K, Jin L. Evaluation of Histone Demethylase Inhibitor ML324 and Acyclovir against Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:163. [PMID: 36680202 PMCID: PMC9863241 DOI: 10.3390/v15010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) can cause severe disease in koi and common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Currently, no effective treatment is available against CyHV-3 infection in koi. Both LSD1 and JMJD2 are histone demethylases (HD) and are critical for immediate-early (IE) gene activation essential for lytic herpesvirus replication. OG-L002 and ML324 are newly discovered specific inhibitors of LSD1 and JMJD2, respectively. Here, HD inhibitors were compared with acyclovir (ACV) against CyHV-3 infection in vitro and in vivo. ML324, at 20-50 µM, can completely block ~1 × 103 PFU CyHV-3 replication in vitro, while OG-L002 at 20 µM and 50 µM can produce 96% and 98% inhibition, respectively. Only about 94% inhibition of ~1 × 103 PFU CyHV-3 replication was observed in cells treated with ACV at 50 µM. As expected, CyHV-3 IE gene transcription of ORF139 and ORF155 was blocked within 72 h post-infection (hpi) in the presence of 20 µM ML324. No detectable cytotoxicity was observed in KF-1 or CCB cells treated for 24 h with 1 to 50 µM ML324. A significant reduction of CyHV-3 replication was observed in ~6-month-old infected koi treated with 20 µM ML324 in an immersion bath for 3-4 h at 1-, 3-, and 5-days post-infection compared to the control and ACV treatments. Under heat stress, 50-70% of 3-4-month-old koi survived CyHV-3 infection when they were treated daily with 20 µM ML324 in an immersion bath for 3-4 h within the first 5 d post-infection (dpi), compared to 11-19% and 22-27% of koi in the control and ACV treatments, respectively. Our study demonstrates that ML324 has the potential to be used against CyHV-3 infection in koi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Matsuoka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Gloria Petri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Kristen Larson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Alexandra Behnke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Xisheng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Muhui Peng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Sean Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Christiane Lohr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Ruth Milston-Clements
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Konstantin Divilov
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) types with poor prognosis are due to the absence of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and HEGFR-2. The lack of suitable therapy for TNBC has led the research community to turn toward epigenetic regulation and its protagonists that can modulate certain oncogenes and tumor suppressors. This has opened an important new field of therapy using epi-drugs, in preclinical and clinical trials. The epi-drugs are natural or synthetic molecules capable of inhibiting or modulating the activity of epigenetic proteins such as DNA methyltransferases, modulating the expression of interferon microRNAs, as well as histone methyltransferases, demethylases, acetyltransferases and deacetylases. This review investigated the epi-drugs used in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamed Idrissou
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri-Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France.,INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery & Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand 63005, France
| | - Anna Sanchez
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri-Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France.,INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery & Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand 63005, France
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery & Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand 63005, France.,Department of Biopathology, Centre Jean Perrin, 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand 63011, France
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri-Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France.,INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery & Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand 63005, France
| | - Dominique Bernard-Gallon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri-Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France.,INSERM U 1240 Molecular Imagery & Theranostic Strategies (IMoST), 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand 63005, France
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Pippa S, Mannironi C, Licursi V, Bombardi L, Colotti G, Cundari E, Mollica A, Coluccia A, Naccarato V, La Regina G, Silvestri R, Negri R. Small Molecule Inhibitors of KDM5 Histone Demethylases Increase the Radiosensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells Overexpressing JARID1B. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091739. [PMID: 31060229 PMCID: PMC6540222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: KDM5 enzymes are H3K4 specific histone demethylases involved in transcriptional regulation and DNA repair. These proteins are overexpressed in different kinds of cancer, including breast, prostate and bladder carcinomas, with positive effects on cancer proliferation and chemoresistance. For these reasons, these enzymes are potential therapeutic targets. Methods: In the present study, we analyzed the effects of three different inhibitors of KDM5 enzymes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells over-expressing one of them, namely KDM5B/JARID1B. In particular we tested H3K4 demethylation (western blot); radio-sensitivity (cytoxicity and clonogenic assays) and damage accumulation (COMET assay and kinetics of H2AX phosphorylation). Results: we show that all three compounds with completely different chemical structures can selectively inhibit KDM5 enzymes and are capable of increasing sensitivity of breast cancer cells to ionizing radiation and radiation-induced damage. Conclusions: These findings confirm the involvement of H3K4 specific demethylases in the response to DNA damage, show a requirement of the catalytic function and suggest new strategies for the therapeutic use of their inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pippa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Mannironi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Valerio Licursi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "A. Ruberti", Italian National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Bombardi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Enrico Cundari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d' Annunzio" of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Antonio Coluccia
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Naccarato
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rodolfo Negri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Teijido O, Cacabelos R. Pharmacoepigenomic Interventions as Novel Potential Treatments for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3199. [PMID: 30332838 PMCID: PMC6213964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders affect one billion people around the world and result from a combination of genomic, epigenomic, metabolic, and environmental factors. Diagnosis at late stages of disease progression, limited knowledge of gene biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of the pathology, and conventional compounds based on symptomatic rather than mechanistic features, determine the lack of success of current treatments, including current FDA-approved conventional drugs. The epigenetic approach opens new avenues for the detection of early presymptomatic pathological events that would allow the implementation of novel strategies in order to stop or delay the pathological process. The reversibility and potential restoring of epigenetic aberrations along with their potential use as targets for pharmacological and dietary interventions sited the use of epidrugs as potential novel candidates for successful treatments of multifactorial disorders involving neurodegeneration. This manuscript includes a description of the most relevant epigenetic mechanisms involved in the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders worldwide, as well as the main potential epigenetic-based compounds under investigation for treatment of those disorders and their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Teijido
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 La Coruña, Spain.
| | - Ramón Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 La Coruña, Spain.
- Chair of Genomic Medicine, Continental University Medical School, Huancayo 12000, Peru.
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Abstract
Different epigenetic alterations (DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, noncoding RNA dysregulation) are associated with the phenotypic expression of complex disorders in which genomic, epigenomic, proteomic, and metabolomic changes, in conjunction with environmental factors, are involved. As epigenetic modifications are reversible and can be potentially targeted by pharmacological and dietary interventions, a series of epigenetic drugs have been developed, including DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (nucleoside analogs, small molecules, bioproducts, antisense oligonucleotides, miRNAs), histone deacetylase inhibitors (short-chain fatty acids, hydroxamic acids, cyclic peptides, benzamides, ketones, sirtuin inhibitors, sirtuin activators), histone acetyltransferase modulators, histone methyltransferase inhibitors, histone demethylase inhibitors, and noncoding RNAs (miRNAs), with potential effects against myelodysplastic syndromes, different types of cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmacogenetic and pharmacoepigenetic studies are required for the proper evaluation of efficacy and safety issues in clinical trials with epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Genomic Medicine, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, 28692, Spain; EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, Corunna, 15165, Spain
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is assumed that epigenetic modifications are reversible and could potentially be targeted by pharmacological and dietary interventions. Epigenetic drugs are gaining particular interest as potential candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AREAS COVERED This article covers relevant information from over 50 different epigenetic drugs including: DNA methyltransferase inhibitors; histone deacetylase inhibitors; histone acetyltransferase modulators; histone methyltransferase inhibitors; histone demethylase inhibitors; non-coding RNAs (microRNAs) and dietary regimes. The authors also review the pharmacoepigenomics and the pharmacogenomics of epigenetic drugs. The readers will gain insight into i) the classification of epigenetic drugs; ii) the mechanisms by which these drugs might be useful in AD; iii) the pharmacological properties of selected epigenetic drugs; iv) pharmacoepigenomics and the influence of epigenetic drugs on genes encoding CYP enzymes, transporters and nuclear receptors; and v) the genes associated with the pharmacogenomics of anti-dementia drugs. EXPERT OPINION Epigenetic drugs reverse epigenetic changes in gene expression and might open future avenues in AD therapeutics. Unfortunately, clinical trials with this category of drugs are lacking in AD. The authors highlight the need for pharmacogenetic and pharmacoepigenetic studies to properly evaluate any efficacy and safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Professor,Camilo José Cela University, Chair of Genomic Medicine , Madrid , Spain
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