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Naficy A, Kuxhausen A, Seifert H, Hastie A, Leav B, Miller J, Anteyi K, Mwakingwe-Omari A. No immunological interference or concerns about safety when seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine is co-administered with a COVID-19 mRNA-1273 booster vaccine in adults: A randomized trial. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2327736. [PMID: 38513689 PMCID: PMC10962584 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2327736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the safety and immunogenicity of mRNA-1273 COVID-19 booster vaccination when co-administered with an egg-based standard dose seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV). This was a phase 3, randomized, open-label study. Eligible adults aged ≥ 18 years were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive mRNA-1273 (50 µg) booster vaccination and QIV 2 weeks apart (Seq group) or concomitantly (Coad group). Primary objectives were non-inferiority of haemagglutinin inhibition (HI) and anti-Spike protein antibody responses in the Coad compared to Seq group. 497/498 participants were randomized and vaccinated in the Seq/Coad groups, respectively. The adjusted geometric mean titer/concentration ratios (95% confidence intervals) (Seq/Coad) for HI antibodies were 1.02 (0.89-1.18) for A/H1N1, 0.93 (0.82-1.05) for A/H3N2, 1.00 (0.89-1.14] for B/Victoria, and 1.04 (0.93-1.17) for B/Yamagata; and 0.98 (0.84-1.13) for anti-Spike antibodies, thus meeting the protocol-specified non-inferiority criteria. The most frequently reported adverse events in both groups were pain at the injection site and myalgia. The 2 groups were similar in terms of the overall frequency, intensity, and duration of adverse events. In conclusion, co-administration of mRNA-1273 booster vaccine with QIV in adults was immunologically non-inferior to sequential administration. Safety and reactogenicity profiles were similar in both groups (clinicaltrials.gov NCT05047770).
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2
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Chen S, Ying Z, Liu Y, Li Y, Yu Y, Huang M, Huang Z, Ou Z, Liao Y, Zhang Y, Liu G, Zhao W, Fu R, Shou Q, Zheng M, Liao X, Tu Y, Stek J, Hartzel J, Li C, Zhang J. A phase 3 randomized, open-label study evaluating the immunogenicity and safety of concomitant and staggered administration of a live, pentavalent rotavirus vaccine and an inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine in healthy infants in China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2324538. [PMID: 38509699 PMCID: PMC10962606 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2324538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This open-label, randomized, phase 3 study in China (V260-074; NCT04481191) evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of concomitant and staggered administration of three doses of an oral, live, pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) and three doses of an intramuscular, inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) in 400 healthy infants. The primary objective was the non-inferiority of neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses in the concomitant- versus the staggered-use groups. Antibody responses were measured at baseline and 1-month post-dose 3 (PD3). Parents/legal guardians recorded adverse events for 30 or 15 d after study vaccinations in the concomitant-use or staggered-use groups, respectively. At PD3, >98% of participants seroconverted to all three poliovirus types, and the primary objective was met as lower bounds of the two-sided 95% CI for between-group difference in nAb seroconversion percentages ranged from - 4.3% to - 1.6%, for all poliovirus types, p < .001. At PD3, geometric mean titers (GMTs) of nAb responses to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 in the concomitant-use group and the staggered-use group were comparable; 100% of participants had nAb titers ≥1:8 and ≥1:64 for all poliovirus types. Anti-rotavirus serotype-specific IgA GMTs and participants with ≥3-fold rise in postvaccination titers from baseline were comparable between groups. Administration of RV5 and IPV was well tolerated with comparable safety profiles in both groups. The immunogenicity of IPV in the concomitant-use group was non-inferior to the staggered-use group and RV5 was immunogenic in both groups. No safety concerns were identified. These data support the concomitant use of RV5 and IPV in healthy Chinese infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Chen
- Biological Products Surveillance and Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Biological Products and Materia Medica, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhifang Ying
- Respiratory Virus Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Division of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Biological Products Surveillance and Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Biological Products and Materia Medica, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yebin Yu
- Vaccine Clinical Research Office, Yangchun Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangchun, Guangdong, China
| | - Meilian Huang
- Vaccine Clinical Research Office, Yangchun Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangchun, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuhang Huang
- Biological Products Surveillance and Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Biological Products and Materia Medica, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ou
- Biological Products Surveillance and Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Biological Products and Materia Medica, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuyi Liao
- Biological Products Surveillance and Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Biological Products and Materia Medica, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Division of Hepatitis Virus and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Guixiu Liu
- Clinical Research, MSD Research and Development (China) Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences, MSD Research and Development (China) Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences, MSD Research and Development (China) Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Shou
- Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences, MSD Research and Development (China) Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Minghuan Zheng
- Clinical Research, MSD Research and Development (China) Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xueyan Liao
- Clinical Research, MSD Research and Development (China) Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yingmei Tu
- Infectious Diseases/Vaccines Clinical Research, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Jon Stek
- Infectious Diseases/Vaccines Clinical Research, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Jonathan Hartzel
- Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Changgui Li
- Institute for Control of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jikai Zhang
- Directors Office, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Biological Products and Materia Medica, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Goldstein N, McLean C, Gaddah A, Doua J, Keshinro B, Bus-Jacobs L, Hendriks J, Luhn K, Robinson C, Douoguih M. Lot-to-lot consistency, immunogenicity, and safety of the Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola virus vaccine regimen: A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2327747. [PMID: 38523332 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2327747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This phase-3, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (NCT04228783) evaluated lot-to-lot consistency of the Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine regimen. Participants were randomized (6:6:6:1) to receive the two-dose regimen from three consecutively manufactured lots of Ad26.ZEBOV on Day 1 paired with three consecutively manufactured lots of MVA-BN-Filo on Day 57 (Groups 1-3) or two doses of placebo (Group 4). An additional cohort also received an Ad26.ZEBOV booster or placebo 4 months post-dose 2. Equivalence of the immunogenicity at 21 days post-dose 2 between any two groups was demonstrated if the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the Ebola virus glycoprotein (EBOV GP)-binding antibody geometric mean concentration (GMC) ratio was entirely within the prespecified margin of 0.5-2.0. Lot-to-lot consistency (i.e., consecutive lots can be consistently manufactured) was accomplished if equivalence was shown for all three pairwise comparisons. Results showed that the primary objective in the per-protocol immunogenicity subset (n = 549) was established for each pairwise comparison (Group 1 vs 2: GMC ratio = 0.9 [95% CI: 0.8, 1.1], Group 1 vs 3: 0.9 [0.8, 1.1], Group 2 vs 3: 1.0 [0.9, 1.2]). Equivalence of the three groups for the Ad26.ZEBOV component only was also demonstrated at 56 days post-dose 1. EBOV GP-binding antibody responses (post-vaccination concentrations >2.5-fold from baseline) were observed in 419/421 (99.5%) vaccine recipients at 21 days post-dose 2 and 445/460 (96.7%) at 56 days post-dose 1. In the booster cohort (n = 39), GMCs increased 9.0- and 11.8-fold at 7 and 21 days post-booster, respectively, versus pre-booster. Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo was well tolerated, and no safety issues were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Goldstein
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chelsea McLean
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Jenny Hendriks
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Luhn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V, Leiden, The Netherlands
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4
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Guerra A, Costantino C, Martinon-Torres F, Westerholt S, Lambeth C, Chen Z, Lumley J, Marcek T, Johnson D, Wilck M. A phase 4, open-label study to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of DTaP5-HBV-IPV-Hib in children previously vaccinated with DTaP2-HBV-IPV-Hib or DTaP5-HBV-IPV-Hib (V419-016). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2310900. [PMID: 38327239 PMCID: PMC10857551 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2310900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
DTaP5-HBV-IPV-Hib (Vaxelis®) is a hexavalent combination vaccine (HV) indicated in infants and toddlers for the prevention of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, and invasive disease due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. Switching between HVs during the childhood vaccination series is sometimes necessary due to, for example, vaccine availability, health-care provider preference, and/or tender awards. The purpose of this study was to describe the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a booster dose of Vaxelis® in participants who previously received a primary infant series of either DTaP2-HBV-IPV-Hib (Hexyon®) or Vaxelis®. Healthy participants approximately 11-13 months of age who previously received a two-dose primary series of Hexyon® (HHV group) or Vaxelis® (VVV group) all received a Vaxelis® booster dose. Immunogenicity was evaluated by measuring antibody levels to individual vaccine antigens approximately 30 days following booster vaccination. Safety was evaluated as the proportion of participants with adverse events (AEs). The proportions of participants with antibody-specific responses for antigens contained in both Vaxelis® and Hexyon® at 30 days post-toddler-booster vaccination with Vaxelis® were comparable between groups, and higher in the VVV group for Vaxelis® antigens PRN and FIM2/3. The overall proportions of participants with AEs were generally comparable between groups. Following a booster dose of Vaxelis®, immune responses were comparable between groups for all shared antigens, and higher in the VVV group for antigens found only in Vaxelis®. The booster was well tolerated in both groups. These data support the use of Vaxelis® as a booster in mixed HV regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Costantino
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Excellence Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federico Martinon-Torres
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- GENVIP Research Group (www.genvip.eu), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soeren Westerholt
- Pediatrics, Praxis für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Wolfsburg, Germany
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5
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Kulkarni PS, Padmapriyadarsini C, Vekemans J, Bavdekar A, Gupta M, Kulkarni P, Garg B, Gogtay NJ, Tambe M, Lalwani S, Singh K, Munshi R, Meshram S, Selvavinayagam T, Pandey K, Bhimarasetty DM, Ramakrishnan S, Bhamare C, Dharmadhikari A, Budhawant C, Bonhomme CJ, Thakar M, Kurle SN, Kelly EJ, Gautam M, Gupta N, Panda S, Bhargava B, Poonawalla CS, Shaligram U, Kapse D, Gunale B. Seropersistence of SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (COVID-19 vaccine): 6-month follow-up of a randomized, controlled, observer-blind, phase 2/3 immuno-bridging study in Indian adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2304974. [PMID: 38512394 PMCID: PMC10962622 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2304974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) is a replication-deficient adenoviral vectored coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccine that is manufactured as SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 by the Serum Institute of India Pvt Ltd following technology transfer from Oxford University/AstraZeneca. The non-inferiority of SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 with AZD1222 was previously demonstrated in an observer-blind, phase 2/3 immuno-bridging study (trial registration: CTRI/2020/08/027170). In this analysis of immunogenicity and safety data 6 months post first vaccination (Day 180), 1,601 participants were randomized 3:1 to SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or AZD1222 (immunogenicity/reactogenicity cohort n = 401) and 3:1 to SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or placebo (safety cohort n = 1,200). Immunogenicity was measured by anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike (anti-S) binding immunoglobulin G and neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers. A decline in anti-S titers was observed in both vaccine groups, albeit with a greater decline in SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccinees (geometric mean titer [GMT] ratio [95% confidence interval (CI) of SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 to AZD1222]: 0.60 [0.41-0.87]). Consistent similar decreases in nAb titers were observed between vaccine groups (GMT ratio [95% CI]: 0.88 [0.44-1.73]). No cases of severe COVID-19 were reported following vaccination, while one case was observed in the placebo group. No causally related serious adverse events were reported through 180 days. No thromboembolic or autoimmune adverse events of special interest were reported. Collectively, these data illustrate that SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 maintained a high level of immunogenicity 6 months post-vaccination. SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 was safe and well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johan Vekemans
- Formerly of: Clinical Development, Infection, Late-stage Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - B.S. Garg
- Department of Community Medicine and Dr Sushila Nayar School of Public Health, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
| | - Nithya J. Gogtay
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth G S Medical College & KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Muralidhar Tambe
- Department of Community Medicine, B J Government Medical College and Sassoon General Hospitals, Pune, India
| | - Sanjay Lalwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Kiranjit Singh
- Jehangir Clinical Development Centre Pvt Ltd, Pune, India
| | - Renuka Munshi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, TN Medical College & BYL Nair Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Sushant Meshram
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College, Nagpur, India
| | | | - Krishna Pandey
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | | | - S.R. Ramakrishnan
- Department of Clinical Research, Sri Ramchandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | - Cyrille J. Bonhomme
- Laboratory Services, Vaccines Sciences Lab, Clinical Research, PPD, Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth J. Kelly
- Formerly of: Translational Medicine, Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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6
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Haripriyaa M, Suthindhiran K. Investigation of pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of magnetosomes. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2024; 52:69-83. [PMID: 38214676 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2289367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Magnetosomes are iron oxide or iron sulphide nano-sized particles surrounded by a lipid bilayer synthesised by a group of bacteria known as magnetotactic bacteria (MTB). Magnetosomes have become a promising candidate for biomedical applications and could be potentially used as a drug-carrier. However, pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of the magnetosomes have not been understood yet which preclude its clinical applications. Herein, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of magnetosomes including Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination (ADME) along with its immunogenicity in vitro and in vivo. The magnetosomes were conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (Mag-FITC) and their conjugation was confirmed through fluorescence microscopy and its absorption in HeLa cell lines was evaluated using flow cytometry analysis. The results revealed a maximum cell uptake of 97% at 200 µg/mL concentration. Further, the biodistribution of Mag-FITC was investigated in vivo by a bioimaging system using BALB/c mice as a subject at different time intervals. The Mag-FITC neither induced death nor physical distress and the same was eliminated post 36 h of injection with meagre intensities left behind. The metabolism and elimination analysis were assessed to detect the iron overload which revealed that magnetosomes were entirely metabolised within 48-h interval. Furthermore, the histopathology and serum analysis reveal no histological damage with the absence of any abnormal biochemical parameters. The results support our study that magnetosomes were completely removed from the blood circulation within 48-h time interval. Moreover, the immunogenicity analysis has shown that magnetosomes do not induce any inflammation as indicated by reduced peaks of immune markers such as IL 1β, IL 2, IL 6, IL8, IFN γ, and TNF α estimated through Indirect ELISA. The normal behaviour of animals with the absence of acute or chronic toxicities in any organs declares that magnetosomes are safe to be injected. This shows that magnetosomes are benign for biological systems enrouting towards beneficial biomedical applications. Therefore, this study will advance the understanding and application of magnetosomes for clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Haripriyaa
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioproducts lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - K Suthindhiran
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioproducts lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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7
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Rao B, Wang L, Yang M, Luo H, Sun J, Liu S, Wang H, Wang X, Li L, Yuan C, Yu Z, Ren Z. Safety and immunogenicity of CoronaVac in healthy adults: A prospective observational multicenter real-world study in Henan Province, China. Virulence 2024; 15:2310450. [PMID: 38326274 PMCID: PMC10854291 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2310450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has emerged as the primar approach for managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite certain clinical trials reporting the safety and immunogenicity of CoronaVac, additional multicenter real-world studies are still necessary. In this study, we recruited 506 healthy volunteers who were not infected with COVID-19 or vaccinated. Each participant provided peripheral blood samples three times: prior to the first dose of vaccine, prior to the second dose, and 8 weeks following the second dose. Ultimately, 388 participants completed the entire follow-up process. No serious adverse events were observed among any of the participants. Within 1 week of vaccination, 13.4% of participants experienced systemic adverse reactions, with fatigue (5.93%) and dizziness (3.35%) being the most frequent. Although some clinical indicators, including creatinine, significantly changed after vaccination (p < 0.05), the mean of all altered indicators remained within the normal range. The positive rates of neutralizing antibodies (NAb), IgG, and IgM were 12.3%, 18.85%, and 5.24% prior to the second dose, respectively; and 57.99%, 86.34%, and 2.32% at 8 weeks following the second dose, respectively. Additionally, seven indicators, such as sex, age, and BMI, were significantly correlated with NAb (p < 0.05). Finally, a prediction model was developed based on age, monocytes, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with an AUC value of 87.56% in the train set and 80.71% in the test set. This study demonstrated that safety and immunogenicity of CoronaVac were good. The prediction model based on the baseline clinical characteristics prior to vaccination can help to develop more suitable vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchen Rao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province/Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengzhao Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province/Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangshan County People’s Hospital, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Junyi Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province/Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshuo Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province/Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Haiyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province/Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province/Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province/Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Chengyu Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangshan County People’s Hospital, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province/Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Gene Hospital of Henan Province/Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
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8
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Dalu D, Tarkowski M, Ruggieri L, Cona MS, Gabrieli A, De Francesco D, Fasola C, Ferrario S, Gambaro A, Masedu E, Parma G, Rulli E, De Stradis C, Mavilio D, Calcaterra F, Manoni F, Riva A, La Verde N. Antibody response to three-dose anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-vaccination in treated solid cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1371-1376. [PMID: 38100252 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Solid cancer patients are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe complications. Moreover, vaccine-induced antibody response is impaired in patients on anticancer treatment. In this retrospective, observational, hypothesis-generating, cohort study, we assessed the antibody response to the third dose of mRNA vaccine in a convenience sample of patients on anticancer treatment, comparing it to that of the primary two-dose cycle. Among 99 patients included, 62.6% were ≥60 years old, 32.3% males, 67.7% with advanced disease. Exactly 40.4% were receiving biological therapy, 16.2% chemotherapy only and 7.1% both treatments. After the third dose, seroconversion rate seems to increase significantly, especially in non-responders to two doses. Heterologous vaccine-type regimen (two-dose mRNA-1273 and subsequent tozinameran or vice versa) results in higher antibody levels. This explorative study suggests that repeated doses of mRNA-vaccines could be associated with a better antibody response in this population. Furthermore, heterologous vaccine-type three-dose vaccination seems more effective in this population. Since this is a hypothesis-generating study, adequately statistically powered studies should validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Dalu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Maciej Tarkowski
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences DIBIC, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ruggieri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Silvia Cona
- Department of Medical Oncology, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Gabrieli
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences DIBIC, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide De Francesco
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Cinzia Fasola
- Department of Medical Oncology, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Ferrario
- Department of Medical Oncology, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Gambaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Elsa Masedu
- School of Medicine, "Polo Universitario Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Parma
- School of Medicine, "Polo Universitario Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana Rulli
- Laboratory of Methodology for Clinical Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia De Stradis
- Luigi Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences DIBIC, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Calcaterra
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Manoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Agostino Riva
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicla La Verde
- Department of Medical Oncology, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
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Deng X, Hou Y, Yuan W, Yang H, Guo R, Liu T, Liu Y, Xu J, Liu H, Gong L, Qin Q. Eliminating drug target interference with specific antibody or its F(ab') 2 fragment in the bridging immunogenicity assay. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:135-148. [PMID: 38385901 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: DB-1003 is a humanized anti-IgE monoclonal antibody with higher affinity than omalizumab. In the affinity capture elution (ACE)-based bridging electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA) for antibodies to DB-1003, monkey serum IgE caused false-positive results. Materials & methods: The target-specific antibody or its F(ab')2 fragment was used to mitigate drug target interference in an ACE-based bridging ECLIA for the detection of anti-DB-1003 antibodies. Results: The sensitivity of the developed assay was at least 100 ng/ml. When the anti-drug antibody concentration was 250 ng/ml, the assay tolerated at least 20.0 μg/ml of the monkey IgE. Conclusion: Incorporating the target-specific antibody or its F(ab')2 fragment can overcome the interference from monkey serum IgE in ACE-based bridging ECLIA for anti-DB-1003 antibody detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Deng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yingying Hou
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenyi Yuan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongzhou Yang
- Longbio Pharma (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215558, China
| | - Ruowen Guo
- Longbio Pharma (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215558, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yongzhen Liu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Junjiu Xu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Longbio Pharma (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215558, China
| | - Likun Gong
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiuping Qin
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
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10
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Zhang T, Geng J, Du Y, Yang H, Jin Y, Chen S, Duan G. A meta-analysis of immunogenicity and safety of two versus single-doses of influenza A (H1N1) vaccine in person living with HIV. Int J STD AIDS 2024; 35:326-336. [PMID: 38087772 DOI: 10.1177/09564624231220424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: Influenza vaccination of person living with HIV (PLWH) is a powerful means to tackle severe clinical outcomes. Few data on two doses of influenza vaccine in PLWH are available.Research Design: To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of two doses of vaccine as compared with single dose in PLWH, we searched Pubmed, Embase, and web of science databases for relevant articles (January 2009 to April 2023). Pooled SMD or RR and 95% CI were calculated.Results: A total of 2436 participants from 14 studies were included. Compared to single dose influenza vaccine regimen, the pooled RR of seroprotection and seroconversion for two doses of vaccines was 1.14 (95%CI: 1.08-1.21) and 1.25 (95%CI: 1.16-1.34), respectively; the SMD of GMT was 0.42 (95%CI: 0.35, 0.49). Regarding safety, the fever risk in PLWH receiving two doses of vaccine was 3.42 fold higher than that of single dose vaccine, and the risk of myalgia had a quarter reduction. No serious vaccine-related adverse events were reported.Conclusions: Collectively, two doses of the vaccine are associated with a better immunogenicity and an acceptable safety in PLWH. Two doses of the adjuvant vaccination might be a superior vaccination regimen.nation regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Geng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhe Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Henan, People's Republic of China
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11
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Piyaphanee N, Charuvanij S, Thepveera S, Toh ZQ, Licciardi PV, Pattaragarn A, Wongprompitak P, Boonnak K, Pheerapanyawaranun C, Chokephaibulkit K. Immunogenicity and safety of BNT162b2 vaccination in adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2024; 33:450-461. [PMID: 38335115 DOI: 10.1177/09612033241232576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of BNT162b2 vaccination in adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus (adoSLE) receiving either high- or low-dose immunosuppressant (High-IS and Low-IS). METHODS Patients aged 12-18 years diagnosed with SLE were enrolled. High-IS was defined as >7.5 mg/day prednisolone or with other immunosuppressant, while Low-IS was defined as only ≤7.5 mg/day of prednisolone and no immunosuppressant. Two doses of BNT162b2 vaccination were given 4 weeks apart, followed by a booster (third) dose at 4-6 months later. Anti-spike receptor binding domain (anti-RBD) IgG against Wuhan, neutralising antibody (NT) against Wuhan and Omicron variants, and cellular immune response by IFN-γ-ELISpot assay were evaluated following vaccination. Adverse events (AEs) and SLE flare were monitored. RESULTS A total of 73 participants were enrolled, 40 and 33 in the High-IS and Low-IS group, respectively. At 4 weeks following the 2nd dose, overall anti-RBD IgG seropositivity was 97.3%, with no difference between the groups (p = .498). AdoSLE on High-IS had lower anti-RBD IgG (p < .001), Wuhan NT (p < .001), and IFN-γ-ELISpot (p = .022) than those on Low-IS. A 3rd dose induced significantly higher antibody responses than after the 2nd dose (p < .001) in both groups and established seroconversion against Omicron variants, with persistent lower antibody levels in High-IS group. SELENA-SLEDAI scores within 12 weeks after 2-dose vaccination was higher than before vaccination (3.1 vs 2.5; p < .036); however, the occurrence of disease flare by SELENA-SLEDAI flare index was not different after vaccination compared to before vaccination, consistent across groups. Non-severe AEs occurred similarly in both groups. CONCLUSION AdoSLE on High-IS induced lower SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immune responses than Low-IS. Vaccination can increase disease activity and requires close monitoring for disease flare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuntawan Piyaphanee
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Charuvanij
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sutheera Thepveera
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection, Immunity and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anirut Pattaragarn
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patimaporn Wongprompitak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kobporn Boonnak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatkamol Pheerapanyawaranun
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Mora J, Palmer R, Wagner L, Wu B, Partridge M, Meena, Sonderegger I, Smeraglia J, Bivi N, Dakappagari N, Diebold S, Garofolo F, Grimaldi C, Kalina W, Kamerud J, Kar S, Marshall JC, Mayer C, Melton A, Merdek K, Nolan K, Picard S, Shao W, Seitzer J, Tanaka Y, Tounekti O, Vigil A, Walravens K, Xu J, Xu W, Xu Y, Yang L, Zhu L, Verthelyi D, Kubiak RJ, Coble K, Gupta S, Abhari MR, Richards S, Song Y, Ullmann M, Calderon B, Cludts I, Gunn GR, Gupta S, Ishii-Watabe A, Manangeeswaran M, Maxfield K, McCush F, O'Day C, Peng K, Poetzl J, Rasamoelisolo M, Saad OM, Scheibner K, Shubow S, Song S, Thacker S. 2023 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: ISR for ADA Assays, the Rise of dPCR vs qPCR, International Reference Standards for Vaccine Assays, Anti-AAV TAb Post-Dose Assessment, NanoString Validation, ELISpot as Gold Standard (Part 3 - Recommendations on Gene Therapy, Cell Therapy, Vaccines Immunogenicity & Technologies; Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity & Risk Assessment; ADA/NAb Assay/Reporting Harmonization). Bioanalysis 2024; 16:77-119. [PMID: 38389403 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2024-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The 17th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (17th WRIB) took place in Orlando, FL, USA on June 19-23, 2023. Over 1000 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 17th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week to allow an exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis of biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines. Moreover, in-depth workshops on "EU IVDR 2017/746 Implementation and impact for the Global Biomarker Community: How to Comply with these NEW Regulations" and on "US FDA/OSIS Remote Regulatory Assessments (RRAs)" were the special features of the 17th edition. As in previous years, WRIB continued to gather a wide diversity of international, industry opinion leaders and regulatory authority experts working on both small and large molecules as well as gene, cell therapies and vaccines to facilitate sharing and discussions focused on improving quality, increasing regulatory compliance, and achieving scientific excellence on bioanalytical issues. This 2023 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2023 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 3) covers the recommendations on Gene Therapy, Cell therapy, Vaccines and Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity. Part 1A (Mass Spectrometry Assays and Regulated Bioanalysis/BMV), P1B (Regulatory Inputs) and Part 2 (Biomarkers, IVD/CDx, LBA and Cell-Based Assays) are published in volume 16 of Bioanalysis, issues 8 and 9 (2024), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Meena
- Stoke, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joshua Xu
- US FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
- Regenxbio, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Lin Yang
- US FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
- Regenxbio, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuan Song
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kate Peng
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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13
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Li Y, Zhou H, Li B, Li J, Shen Y, Jiang Y, Cui W, Tang L. Immunoprotection of FliBc chimeric fiber2 fusion proteins targeting dendritic cells against Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 infection. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103474. [PMID: 38387285 PMCID: PMC10899072 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) is a highly fatal disease in chickens caused by the highly pathogenic fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), which has severe economic consequences. The fiber2 protein exhibits excellent potential as a candidate for a subunit vaccination against FAdV-4. Despite having a high safety profile, subunit vaccines have low immunogenicity due to their lack of infectivity, which leads to low levels of immune response. As a vaccine adjuvant, Salmonella flagellin possesses the potential to augment the immunological response to vaccinations. Additionally, a crucial strategy for enhancing vaccine efficacy is efficient presentation of immune antigens to dendritic cells (DC) for targeted vaccination. In this study, we designed FAdV-4-fiber2 protein, and a recombinant protein called FliBc-fiber2-SP which based on FAdV-4-fiber2 protein, was generated using the gene sequence FliBc, which retains only the conserved sequence at the amino and carboxyl termini of the flagellin B subunit, and a short peptide SPHLHTSSPWER (SP), which targets chicken bone marrow-derived DC. They were separately administered via intramuscular injection to 14-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, and their immunogenicity was compared. At 21 d postvaccination (dpv), it was found that the FliBc-fiber2-SP recombinant protein elicited significantly higher levels of IgG antibodies and conferred a vaccine protection rate of up to 100% compared to its counterpart fiber2 protein. These results suggest that the DC-targeted peptide fusion strategy for flagellin chimeric antigen construction can effectively enhance the immune protective efficacy of antigen proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 1550030, China
| | - Han Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 1550030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bolong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 1550030, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 1550030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuanmeng Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 1550030, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 1550030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 1550030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 1550030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China.
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14
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Cohen JR, Brych SR, Prabhu S, Bi V, Elbaradei A, Tokuda JM, Xiang C, Hokom M, Cui X, Ly C, Amos N, Sun J, Calamba D, Herskovitz J, Capili A, Nourbakhsh K, Merlo A, Carreon J, Wypych J, Narhi LO, Jawa V, Joubert MK. A High Threshold of Biotherapeutic Aggregate Numbers is Needed to Induce an Immunogenic Response In Vitro, In Vivo, and in the Clinic. Pharm Res 2024:10.1007/s11095-024-03678-2. [PMID: 38519817 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is concern that subvisible aggregates in biotherapeutic drug products pose a risk to patient safety. We investigated the threshold of biotherapeutic aggregates needed to induce immunogenic responses. METHODS AND RESULTS Highly aggregated samples were tested in cell-based assays and induced cellular responses in a manner that depended on the number of particles. The threshold of immune activation varied by disease state (cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, allergy), concomitant therapies, and particle number. Compared to healthy donors, disease state patients showed an equal or lower response at the late phase (7 days), suggesting they may not have a higher risk of responding to aggregates. Xeno-het mice were used to assess the threshold of immune activation in vivo. Although highly aggregated samples (~ 1,600,000 particles/mL) induced a weak and transient immunogenic response in mice, a 100-fold dilution of this sample (~ 16,000 particles/mL) did not induce immunogenicity. To confirm this result, subvisible particles (up to ~ 18,000 particles/mL, containing aggregates and silicone oil droplets) produced under representative administration practices (created upon infusion of a drug product through an IV catheter) did not induce a response in cell-based assays or appear to increase the rate of adverse events or immunogenicity during phase 3 clinical trials. CONCLUSION The ability of biotherapeutic aggregates to elicit an immune response in vitro, in vivo, and in the clinic depends on high numbers of particles. This suggests that there is a high threshold for aggregates to induce an immunogenic response which is well beyond that seen in standard biotherapeutic drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Cohen
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA.
| | - Stephen R Brych
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Siddharth Prabhu
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Vivian Bi
- The Department of Biosimilars, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Ahmed Elbaradei
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Joshua M Tokuda
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Cathie Xiang
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Martha Hokom
- The Department of Clinical Immunology, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
- Department of BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Xiaohong Cui
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Claudia Ly
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Nathan Amos
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Jilin Sun
- Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Dominador Calamba
- Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Jonathan Herskovitz
- The Department of Clinical Immunology, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Allyson Capili
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Kimya Nourbakhsh
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Anthony Merlo
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Julia Carreon
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Jette Wypych
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Linda O Narhi
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Vibha Jawa
- The Department of Clinical Immunology, Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
- Department of Pharmacometrics, Disposition & Bioanalysis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Marisa K Joubert
- The Department of Process Development, Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA.
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15
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Mancino C, Pollet J, Zinger A, Jones KM, Villar MJ, Leao AC, Adhikari R, Versteeg L, Tyagi Kundu R, Strych U, Giordano F, Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME, Taraballi F, Poveda C. Harnessing RNA Technology to Advance Therapeutic Vaccine Antigens against Chagas Disease. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38518375 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) (American trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi) is a parasitic disease endemic in 21 countries in South America, with increasing global spread. When administered late in the infection, the current antiparasitic drugs do not prevent the onset of cardiac illness leading to chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy. Therefore, new therapeutic vaccines or immunotherapies are under development using multiple platforms. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of developing an mRNA-based therapeutic CD vaccine targeting two known T. cruzi vaccine antigens (Tc24─a flagellar antigen and ASP-2─an amastigote antigen). We present the mRNA engineering steps, preparation, and stability of the lipid nanoparticles and evaluation of their uptake by dendritic cells, as well as their biodistribution in c57BL/J mice. Furthermore, we assessed the immunogenicity and efficacy of two mRNA-based candidates as monovalent and bivalent vaccine strategies using an in vivo chronic mouse model of CD. Our results show several therapeutic benefits, including reductions in parasite burdens and cardiac inflammation, with each mRNA antigen, especially with the mRNA encoding Tc24, and Tc24 in combination with ASP-2. Therefore, our findings demonstrate the potential of mRNA-based vaccines as a therapeutic option for CD and highlight the opportunities for developing multivalent vaccines using this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mancino
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jeroen Pollet
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Assaf Zinger
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Laboratory for Bioinspired Nano Engineering and Translational Therapeutics, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Cardiovascular Sciences Department, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Neurosurgery Department, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kathryn M Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Maria José Villar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ana Carolina Leao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Rakesh Adhikari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Leroy Versteeg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Rakhi Tyagi Kundu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ulrich Strych
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Federica Giordano
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Peter J Hotez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Cristina Poveda
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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16
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Idrovo-Hidalgo T, Pignataro MF, Bredeston LM, Elias F, Herrera MG, Pavan MF, Foscaldi S, Suireszcz M, Fernández NB, Wetzler DE, Paván CH, Craig PO, Roman EA, Ruberto LAM, Noseda DG, Ibañez LI, Czibener C, Ugalde JE, Nadra AD, Santos J, D'Alessio C. Deglycosylated RBD produced in Pichia pastoris as a low-cost sera COVID-19 diagnosis tool and a vaccine candidate. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwad089. [PMID: 37944064 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 outbreak, numerous tools including protein-based vaccines have been developed. The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (synonymous to Komagataella phaffii) is an eukaryotic cost-effective and scalable system for recombinant protein production, with the advantages of an efficient secretion system and the protein folding assistance of the secretory pathway of eukaryotic cells. In a previous work, we compared the expression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domain in P. pastoris with that in human cells. Although the size and glycosylation pattern was different between them, their protein structural and conformational features were indistinguishable. Nevertheless, since high mannose glycan extensions in proteins expressed by yeast may be the cause of a nonspecific immune recognition, we deglycosylated RBD in native conditions. This resulted in a highly pure, homogenous, properly folded and monomeric stable protein. This was confirmed by circular dichroism and tryptophan fluorescence spectra and by SEC-HPLC, which were similar to those of RBD proteins produced in yeast or human cells. Deglycosylated RBD was obtained at high yields in a single step, and it was efficient in distinguishing between SARS-CoV-2-negative and positive sera from patients. Moreover, when the deglycosylated variant was used as an immunogen, it elicited a humoral immune response ten times greater than the glycosylated form, producing antibodies with enhanced neutralizing power and eliciting a more robust cellular response. The proposed approach may be used to produce at a low cost, many antigens that require glycosylation to fold and express, but do not require glycans for recognition purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Idrovo-Hidalgo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Pignataro
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 965 C1113AAD. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis M Bredeston
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 965 C1113AAD. Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, (IQUIFIB), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Elias
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Fundación Pablo Cassará, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein, Saladillo 2468 C1440FFX, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María G Herrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Pavan
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Foscaldi
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mayra Suireszcz
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia B Fernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diana E Wetzler
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos H Paván
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, LANAIS-PROEM, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, (IQUIFIB), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricio O Craig
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ernesto A Roman
- Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, (IQUIFIB), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas A M Ruberto
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 965, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 965, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Antártico Argentino, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto, Av. 25 de Mayo 1147, B1650HMP, San Martín, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego G Noseda
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBio), Universidad Nacional de San Martín-CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia S/N, B1650HMP, San Martín, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena I Ibañez
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Czibener
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBio), Universidad Nacional de San Martín-CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia S/N, B1650HMP, San Martín, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan E Ugalde
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBio), Universidad Nacional de San Martín-CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia S/N, B1650HMP, San Martín, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro D Nadra
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Santos
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia D'Alessio
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Wessels U, Neff F, Fakhiri J, Mayer K, Brinkmann U, Stubenrauch K. Novel assay format for total anti-adeno-associated virus antibody detection with low capsid consumption and built-in specificity control. Bioanalysis 2024. [PMID: 38497775 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop an assay format for detection of total anti-adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) antibodies with low capsid material consumption. Methods: An immune complex (IC) assay format was developed. The format is based on the formation of ICs in solution and their subsequent detection using an anti-AAV2 antibody for capture and an antibody against the study species IgG for detection. Results: The feasibility of the IC assay for detection of preexisting and treatment-emergent anti-AAV2 antibodies was demonstrated in cynomolgus monkey and human serum samples, including samples from a preclinical study with AAV2-based therapies. Conclusion: The presented IC assay is an easy-to-perform total anti-AAV2 antibody assay that requires a small amount of unlabeled capsid material and provides an intrinsic specificity control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wessels
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, Penzberg, 82377, Germany
| | - Florian Neff
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Fakhiri
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Mayer
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Kay Stubenrauch
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Munich, Germany
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18
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Jairoce C, Macià D, Torres-Yaguana JP, Mayer L, Vidal M, Santano R, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Reiter K, Narum DL, Lopez-Gutierrez B, Hamerly T, Sacarlal J, Aguilar R, Dinglasan RR, Moncunill G, Izquierdo L, Dobaño C. RTS,S/AS02A Malaria Vaccine-Induced IgG Responses Equally Recognize Native-Like Fucosylated and Nonfucosylated Plasmodium falciparum Circumsporozoite Proteins. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:795-799. [PMID: 37889513 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The RTS,S/AS02A malaria vaccine is based on the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP), which is O-fucosylated on the sporozoite surface. We determined whether RTS,S/AS02A-induced immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies recognize vaccine-like nonfucosylated PfCSP better than native-like fucosylated PfCSP. Similar to previous vaccine trials, RTS,S/AS02A vaccination induced high anti-PfCSP IgG levels associated with malaria protection. IgG recognition of nonfucosylated and fucosylated PfCSP was equivalent, suggesting that PfCSP fucosylation does not affect antibody recognition. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00197041.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjerai Jairoce
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Dídac Macià
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge P Torres-Yaguana
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Leonie Mayer
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marta Vidal
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Santano
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Karine Reiter
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David L Narum
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Borja Lopez-Gutierrez
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Timothy Hamerly
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jahit Sacarlal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rhoel R Dinglasan
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Izquierdo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Williams JH, Liao KH, Yin D, Meng X. Implications of Immunogenicity Testing for Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies: A Quantitative Pharmacology Framework. AAPS J 2024; 26:31. [PMID: 38453809 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The interpretation of immunogenicity results for a mAb product and prediction of its clinical consequences remain difficult, despite enormous advances in methodologies and efforts toward the best practice for consistent data generation and reporting. To this end, the contribution from the clinical pharmacology discipline has been largely limited to comparing descriptively the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles by antidrug antibodies (ADA) status or testing the significance of ADA as a covariate in a population PK setting, similar to the practice for small-molecule drugs in investigating the effect of an intrinsic/extrinsic factor on the drug disposition. There is a need for a mAb disposition framework that captures the dynamics of ADA formation and drug's interactions with the ADA and target as parts of the drug distribution and elimination. Here we describe such a framework and examine it against the PK, ADA, and clinical response data from a phase 3 trial in patients treated with adalimumab. The proposed framework offered a generalized understanding of how the dose, target affinity, and drug/ADA analyte forms affects the manifestation of ADA response with regard to its detections and alterations of drug disposition and effectiveness. Furthermore, as an example, its utility for dose considerations was demonstrated through predicting for late-stage trials of a PCSK9 inhibitor in terms of development in ADA incidence and titers, and consequences on the drug disposition, interaction with target, and downstream lowering effect on LDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai H Liao
- Pfizer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
- Arcus Biosciences, Hayward, CA, USA
| | | | - Xu Meng
- Pfizer Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
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20
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Son S, Park M, Kim J, Lee K. ACE mRNA (Additional Chimeric Element incorporated IVT mRNA) for Enhancing Protein Expression by Modulating Immunogenicity. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2307541. [PMID: 38447169 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The development of in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT mRNA)-based therapeutics/vaccines depends on the management of IVT mRNA immunogenicity. IVT mRNA, which is used for intracellular protein translation, often triggers unwanted immune responses, interfering with protein expression and leading to reduced therapeutic efficacy. Currently, the predominant approach for mitigating immune responses involves the incorporation of costly chemically modified nucleotides like pseudouridine (Ψ) or N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ) into IVT mRNA, raising concerns about expense and the potential misincorporation of amino acids into chemically modified codon sequences. Here, an Additional Chimeric Element incorporated mRNA (ACE mRNA), a novel approach incorporating two segments within a single IVT mRNA structure, is introduced. The first segment retains conventional IVT mRNA components prepared with unmodified nucleotides, while the second, comprised of RNA/DNA chimeric elements, aims to modulate immunogenicity. Notably, ACE mRNA demonstrates a noteworthy reduction in immunogenicity of unmodified IVT mRNA, concurrently demonstrating enhanced protein expression efficiency. The reduced immune responses are based on the ability of RNA/DNA chimeric elements to restrict retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-mediated immune activation. The developed ACE mRNA shows great potential in modulating the immunogenicity of IVT mRNA without the need for chemically modified nucleotides, thereby advancing the safety and efficacy of mRNA-based therapeutics/vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Son
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsa Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuri Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
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21
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Deptuch T, Kucharczyk K, Florczak A, Dams-Kozlowska H. Endotoxin reduction from biotech silk material inhibits the production of anti-silk antibodies in mice. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:463-472. [PMID: 37941467 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Eliminating endotoxins is a common problem in the development of biotechnologically produced pharmaceuticals or biomaterials. Residual endotoxins in the final sample may hamper the properties of the product or induce severe adverse effects. Developing an effective downstream purification protocol that ensures a lack of minimal endotoxin content in the final product can be a challenging task. In our previous studies, we developed nanospheres produced from bioengineered silks. Despite their good overall biocompatibility, in vivo characterization of spheres showed mild activation of the immune system (mainly in terms of anti-silk antibody production). Herein, we examined, if the endotoxins delivered with the silk spheres might have contributed to activating the adaptive immune response. We investigated various commercially available methods for endotoxin removal that can be applied as an extra step in downstream endotoxin removal from MS1-type silk proteins. We selected a method that allowed for a 10-fold reduction of endotoxin content in soluble silk and 2-fold in the final product (silk spheres). The reduced level of endotoxins improved the biocompatibility of the silk spheres as these particles induced negligible titers of anti-silk antibodies in an in vivo immune study. Since endotoxins can enhance life-threatening immune responses, it is crucial to optimize the method of their removal before clinical use not only of silk-based products but also of other biomolecules produced biotechnologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Deptuch
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kamil Kucharczyk
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Florczak
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Dams-Kozlowska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
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22
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Charoensakulchai S, Singhasenee P, Matsee W, Caumes E, Pisutsan P. Rationale for Japanese encephalitis vaccination in short-term travellers to endemic areas. J Travel Med 2024; 31:taae003. [PMID: 38195999 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Although the Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine is typically strongly recommended for long-term high-risk travellers, some cases of JE infections have been reported amongst short-term travellers with seemingly low risk. This article underscores the advantages and reasoning behind JE vaccination for this particular group of travellers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakarn Charoensakulchai
- Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pattaratida Singhasenee
- Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wasin Matsee
- Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Travel Medicine Research Unit, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Eric Caumes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Hotel Dieu, 1 place du Parvis Notre Dame, Paris 75004, France
| | - Phimphan Pisutsan
- Thai Travel Clinic, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Travel Medicine Research Unit, Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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McMahon R, Fuchs U, Schneider M, Hadl S, Hochreiter R, Bitzer A, Kosulin K, Koren M, Mader R, Zoihsl O, Wressnigg N, Dubischar K, Buerger V, Eder-Lingelbach S, Jaramillo JC. A randomized, double-blinded Phase 3 study to demonstrate lot-to-lot consistency and to confirm immunogenicity and safety of the live-attenuated chikungunya virus vaccine candidate VLA1553 in healthy adults†. J Travel Med 2024; 31:taad156. [PMID: 38091981 PMCID: PMC10911060 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global spread of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) increases the exposure risk for individuals travelling to or living in endemic areas. This Phase 3 study was designed to demonstrate manufacturing consistency between three lots of the single shot live-attenuated CHIKV vaccine VLA1553, and to confirm the promising immunogenicity and safety data obtained in previous trials. METHODS This randomized, double-blinded, lot-to-lot consistency, Phase 3 study, assessed immunogenicity and safety of VLA1553 in 408 healthy adults (18-45 years) in 12 sites across the USA. The primary endpoint was a comparison of the geometric mean titre (GMT) ratios of CHIKV-specific neutralizing antibodies between three VLA1553 lots at 28 days post-vaccination. Secondary endpoints included immunogenicity and safety over 6 months post-vaccination. RESULTS GMTs were comparable between the lots meeting the acceptance criteria for equivalence. The average GMT (measured by 50% CHIKV micro plaque neutralization test; μPRNT50) peaked with 2643 at 28 days post-vaccination and decreased to 709 at 6 months post-vaccination. An excellent seroresponse rate (defined as μPRNT50 titre ≥ 150 considered protective) was achieved in 97.8% of participants at 28 days post-vaccination and still persisted in 96% at 6 months after vaccination. Upon VLA1553 immunization, 72.5% of participants experienced adverse events (AEs), without significant differences between lots (related solicited systemic AE: 53.9% of participants; related solicited local AE: 19.4%). Overall, AEs were mostly mild or moderate and resolved without sequela, usually within 3 days. With 3.9% of participants experiencing severe AEs, 2.7% were classified as related, whereas none of the six reported serious adverse events was related to the administration of VLA1553. CONCLUSIONS All three lots of VLA1553 recapitulated the safety and immunogenicity profiles of a preceding Phase 3 study, fulfilling pre-defined consistency requirements. These results highlight the manufacturability of VLA1553, a promising vaccine for the prevention of CHIKV disease for those living in or travelling to endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Koren
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert Mader
- CRETA GmbH, Campus Vienna Biocenter 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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24
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Huang J, Qiu Y, Luo L, Wu J, Hu D, Zhong X, Lin J, Guo L, Yang H, Li C, Wang X. Long-term immunogenicity and safety of heterologous boosting with a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (SYS6006) in Chinese participants who had received two or three doses of inactivated vaccine. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29542. [PMID: 38506170 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The emerging new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) needs booster vaccination. We evaluated the long-term safety and immunogenicity of heterologous boosting with a SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccine SYS6006. A total of 1000 participants aged 18 years or more who had received two (Group A) or three (Group B) doses of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine were enrolled and vaccinated with one dose of SYS6006 which was designed based on the prototype spike protein and introduced mutation sites. Adverse events (AEs) through 30 days and serious AEs during the study were collected. Live-virus and pseudovirus neutralizing antibody (Nab), binding antibody (immunoglobulin G [IgG]) and cellular immunity were tested through 180 days. Solicited all, injection-site and systemic AEs were reported by 618 (61.8%), 498 (49.8%), and 386 (38.6%) participants, respectively. Most AEs were grade 1. The two groups had similar safety profile. No vaccination-related SAEs were reported. Robust wild-type (WT) live-virus Nab response was elicited with peak geometric mean titers (GMTs) of 3769.5 (Group A) and 5994.7 (Group B) on day 14, corresponding to 1602.5- and 290.8-fold increase versus baseline, respectively. The BA.5 live-virus Nab GMTs were 87.7 (Group A) and 93.2 (Group B) on day 14. All participants seroconverted for WT live-virus Nab. Robust pseudovirus Nab and IgG responses to wild type and BA.5 were also elicited. ELISpot assay showed robust cellular immune response, which was not obviously affected by virus variation. In conclusion, SYS6006 heterologous boosting demonstrated long-term good safety and immunogenicity in participants who had received two or three doses of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Huang
- Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanzheng Qiu
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianyuan Wu
- Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Di Hu
- Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jiawei Lin
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lixian Guo
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hanyu Yang
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- CSPC Megalith Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Wen J, Li Z, Lv Y, Ding S, Zhu Y, Yang J, Tang J, Zhu M, Zhao Y, Zhao W. A subunit vaccine based on Brucella melitensis rBP26 induces Th1 immune responses and M1 macrophage activation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024. [PMID: 38419498 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a global zoonotic infection caused by Brucella bacteria, which poses a significant burden on society. While transmission prevention is currently the most effective method, the absence of a licenced vaccine for humans necessitates the urgent development of a safe and effective vaccine. Recombinant protein-based subunit vaccines are considered promising options, and in this study, the Brucella BP26 protein is expressed using prokaryotic expression systems. The immune responses are evaluated using the well-established adjuvant CpG-ODN. The results demonstrate that rBP26 supplemented with a CpG adjuvant induces M1 macrophage polarization and stimulates cellular immune responses mediated by Th1 cells and CD8 + T cells. Additionally, it generates high levels of rBP26-specific antibodies in immunized mice. Furthermore, rBP26 immunization activates, proliferates, and produces cytokines in T lymphocytes while also maintaining immune memory for an extended period of time. These findings shed light on the potential biological function of rBP26, which is crucial for understanding brucellosis pathogenesis. Moreover, rBP26 holds promise as an effective subunit vaccine candidate for use in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- General Medicine Department, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Zihua Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yongxue Lv
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Shuqin Ding
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yazhou Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jihui Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jing Tang
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Mingxing Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yinqi Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious Diseases, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Velikova T, Sekulovski M, Peshevska-Sekulovska M. Immunogenicity and Loss of Effectiveness of Biologic Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Due to Anti-Drug Antibody Development. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:16. [PMID: 38534206 DOI: 10.3390/antib13010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Many patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experience a loss of effectiveness to biologic therapy (i.e., anti-TNF therapy, etc.). Therefore, in addition to the adverse effects of the treatment, these patients also face failure to achieve and maintain remission. Immunogenicity, the process of production of antibodies to biological agents, is fundamental to the evolution of loss of response to treatment in IBD patients. The presence of these antibodies in patients is linked to decreased serum drug levels and inhibited biological activity. However, immunogenicity rates exhibit significant variability across inflammatory disease states, immunoassay formats, and time periods. In this review, we aimed to elucidate the immunogenicity and immune mechanisms of antibody formation to biologics, the loss of therapy response, clinical results of biological treatment for IBD from systematic reviews and meta-analyses, as well as to summarize the most recent strategies for overcoming immunogenicity and approaches for managing treatment failure in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Velikova
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Metodija Sekulovski
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Lozenetz, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Monika Peshevska-Sekulovska
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Lozenetz, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Lei J, Fu J, Wang T, Guo Y, Gong M, Xia T, Shang S, Xu Y, Cheng L, Lin B. Molecular subtype identification and prognosis stratification by a immunogenic cell death-related gene expression signature in colorectal cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38407877 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2320187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study intended to develop a new immunogenic cell death (ICD)-related prognostic signature for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) algorithm was adopted to cluster tumor samples based on ICD gene expression to obtain ICD-related subtypes. Survival analysis and immune microenvironment analysis were conducted among different subtypes. Regression analysis was used to construct the model. Based on riskscore median, cancer patients were classified into high and low risk groups, and independent prognostic ability of the model was analyzed. The CIBERSORT algorithm was adopted to determine the immune infiltration level of both groups. RESULTS We analyzed the differential genes between cluster 4 and cluster 1-3 and obtained 12 genes with the best prognostic features finally (NLGN1, SLC30A3, C3orf20, ADAD2, ATOH1, ATP6V1B1, KCNQ2, MUCL3, RGCC, CLEC17A, COL6A5, and INSL4). In addition, patients with lower risk had higher levels of infiltration of most immune cells, lower Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) level and higher immunophenscore (IPS) level than those with higher risk. CONCLUSIONS This study constructed and validated the ICD feature signature predicting CRC prognosis and provide a reference criteria for guiding the prognosis and immunotherapy of CRC cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Lei
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, P.R, China
| | - Jia Fu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, P.R, China
| | - Tianyang Wang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, P.R, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, P.R, China
| | - Mingmin Gong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, P.R, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, P.R, China
| | - Song Shang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, P.R, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, P.R, China
| | - Ling Cheng
- Zhejiang Luoxi Medical Technology Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, P.R, China
| | - Binghu Lin
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, P.R, China
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28
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Rubsamen RM, Sloan AE. Editorial: Synthetic peptide vaccine platforms targeting tumor-specific antigens: advances and challenges. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1363282. [PMID: 38464714 PMCID: PMC10920325 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1363282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reid M. Rubsamen
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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29
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Macías-Parra M, Vidal-Vázquez P, Reyna-Figueroa J, Rodríguez-Weber MÁ, Moreno-Macías H, Hernández-Benavides I, Fortes-Gutiérrez S, Richardson VL, Vázquez-Cárdenas P. Immunogenicity of RV1 and RV5 vaccines administered in standard and interchangeable mixed schedules: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority clinical trial in Mexican infants. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1356932. [PMID: 38463163 PMCID: PMC10920348 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1356932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rotavirus-associated diarrheal diseases significantly burden healthcare systems, particularly affecting infants under five years. Both Rotarix™ (RV1) and RotaTeq™ (RV5) vaccines have been effective but have distinct application schedules and limited interchangeability data. This study aims to provide evidence on the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of mixed RV1-RV5 schedules compared to their standard counterparts. Methods This randomized, double-blind study evaluated the non-inferiority in terms of immunogenicity of mixed rotavirus vaccine schedules compared to standard RV1 and RV5 schedules in a cohort of 1,498 healthy infants aged 6 to 10 weeks. Participants were randomly assigned to one of seven groups receiving various combinations of RV1, and RV5. Standard RV1 and RV5 schedules served as controls of immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety analysis. IgA antibody levels were measured from blood samples collected before the first dose and one month after the third dose. Non-inferiority was concluded if the reduction in seroresponse rate in the mixed schemes, compared to the standard highest responding scheme, did not exceed the non-inferiority margin of -0.10. Reactogenicity traits and adverse events were monitored for 30 days after each vaccination and analyzed on the entire cohort. Results Out of the initial cohort, 1,365 infants completed the study. Immunogenicity analysis included 1,014 infants, considering IgA antibody titers ≥20 U/mL as seropositive. Mixed vaccine schedules demonstrated non-inferiority to standard schedules, with no significant differences in immunogenic response. Safety profiles were comparable across all groups, with no increased incidence of serious adverse events or intussusception. Conclusion The study confirms that mixed rotavirus vaccine schedules are non-inferior to standard RV1 and RV5 regimens in terms of immunogenicity and safety. This finding supports the flexibility of rotavirus vaccination strategies, particularly in contexts of vaccine shortage or logistic constraints. These results contribute to the global effort to optimize rotavirus vaccination programs for broader and more effective pediatric coverage.Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02193061.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Vidal-Vázquez
- Subdirección de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Reyna-Figueroa
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Epidemiología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Sofía Fortes-Gutiérrez
- Subdirección de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vesta Louise Richardson
- Coordinación del Servicio de Guardería para el Desarrollo Integral Infantil, Dirección de Prestaciones Económicas y Sociales, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola Vázquez-Cárdenas
- Subdirección de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
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30
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Kim A, Hong JH, Shin W, Yoo H, Jung JG, Reginster JY, Kim S, Bae Y, Suh J, Kim S, Lee E, Silverman S. A randomized, double-blind, single-dose, phase 1 study comparing the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and immunogenicity of denosumab biosimilar CT‑P41 and reference denosumab in healthy males. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38349618 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2316846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study's objective was to demonstrate pharmacokinetic (PK) similarity and safety of denosumab biosimilar, CT‑P41, and United States-licensed reference denosumab (US-denosumab) in healthy male Asian adults, considering also pharmacodynamic (PD) outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This double-blind, two-arm, parallel-group, Phase 1 study randomized (1:1) healthy males to a single (60-mg) subcutaneous dose of CT‑P41 or US-denosumab. Primary endpoints were area under the concentration - time curve (AUC) from time zero to infinity (AUC0-inf), AUC from time zero to the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0-last), and maximum serum concentration (Cmax). PK equivalence was determined if 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for ratios of geometric least-squares means (gLSMs) were within the predefined 80-125% equivalence margin. Secondary PK, PD, safety, and immunogenicity outcomes were also evaluated. RESULTS Of 154 participants randomized (76 CT‑P41; 78 US-denosumab), 151 received study drug (74 CT‑P41; 77 US-denosumab). Primary and secondary PK results, PD results, safety, and immunogenicity were comparable between groups. Ninety percent CIs for ratios of gLSMs were within the predefined equivalence margin for AUC0-inf (100.4-114.7), AUC0-last (99.9-114.3), and Cmax (95.2-107.3). CONCLUSIONS Following a single dose in healthy males, CT‑P41 demonstrated PK equivalence with US-denosumab. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06037395.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anhye Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hee Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonsuk Shin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyounggyoon Yoo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Gyu Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- WHO Collaborating Center for Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging, Liège, Belgium
- College of Science, Kind Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - YunJu Bae
- Celltrion, Inc., Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - JeeHye Suh
- Celltrion, Inc., Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sera Kim
- Celltrion, Inc., Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Stuart Silverman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- OMC Clinical Research Center, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
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31
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Wen TM, Xu XQ, Zhao XL, Pan CH, Feng YS, You TT, Gao M, Hu SY, Zhao FH. Efficacy and immunogenicity of AS04-HPV-16/18 vaccine in females with existing cervical HR-HPV infection at first vaccination: A pooled analysis of four large clinical trials worldwide. Int J Cancer 2024. [PMID: 38367273 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Females with existing high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infections remain at risk of subsequent multiple or recurrent infections, on which benefit from HPV vaccines was under-reported. We pooled individual-level data from four large-scale, RCTs of AS04-HPV-16/18 vaccine to evaluate efficacy and immunogenicity in females DNA-positive to any HR-HPV types at first vaccination. Females receiving the AS04-HPV-16/18 vaccine in the original RCTs constituted the vaccine group in the present study, while those unvaccinated served as the control group. Vaccine efficacy (VE) against new infections and associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+ in females DNA-negative to the considered HR-HPV type but positive to any other HR-HPV types, VE against reinfections in females DNA-positive to the considered HR-HPV type but cleared naturally during later follow-up, and levels of anti-HPV-16/18 IgG were assessed. Our final analyses included 5137 females (vaccine group = 2532, control group = 2605). The median follow-up time was 47.88 months (IQR: 45.72-50.04). For the prevention of precancerous lesions related to the non-infected HR-HPV types at baseline, VE against HPV-16/18 related CIN 2+ was 82.70% (95% CI: 63.70-93.00%). For the prevention of reinfections related to the infected HR-HPV types following natural clearance, VE against HPV-16/18 12MPI was non-significant (p > .05), albeit robust immunity persisted for at least 48 months. Females with existing HR-HPV infections at first vaccination still benefit from vaccination in preventing precancers related to the non-infected types at baseline. VE against reinfections related to the infected types following natural clearance remains to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Meng Wen
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Xu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and EBM Unit, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Lian Zhao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Pan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Shu Feng
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting You
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shang-Ying Hu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Hui Zhao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Martin MU, Frevert J, Tay CM. Complexing Protein-Free Botulinum Neurotoxin A Formulations: Implications of Excipients for Immunogenicity. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:101. [PMID: 38393178 PMCID: PMC10892905 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The formation of neutralizing antibodies is a growing concern in the use of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) as it may result in secondary treatment failure. Differences in the immunogenicity of BoNT/A formulations have been attributed to the presence of pharmacologically unnecessary bacterial components. Reportedly, the rate of antibody-mediated secondary non-response is lowest in complexing protein-free (CF) IncobotulinumtoxinA (INCO). Here, the published data and literature on the composition and properties of the three commercially available CF-BoNT/A formulations, namely, INCO, Coretox® (CORE), and DaxibotulinumtoxinA (DAXI), are reviewed to elucidate the implications for their potential immunogenicity. While all three BoNT/A formulations are free of complexing proteins and contain the core BoNT/A molecule as the active pharmaceutical ingredient, they differ in their production protocols and excipients, which may affect their immunogenicity. INCO contains only two immunologically inconspicuous excipients, namely, human serum albumin and sucrose, and has demonstrated low immunogenicity in daily practice and clinical studies for more than ten years. DAXI contains four excipients, namely, L-histidine, trehalosedihydrate, polysorbate 20, and the highly charged RTP004 peptide, of which the latter two may increase the immunogenicity of BoNT/A by introducing neo-epitopes. In early clinical studies with DAXI, antibodies against BoNT/A and RTP004 were found at low frequencies; however, the follow-up period was critically short, with a maximum of three injections. CORE contains four excipients: L-methionine, sucrose, NaCl, and polysorbate 20. Presently, no data are available on the immunogenicity of CORE in human beings. It remains to be seen whether all three CF BoNT/A formulations demonstrate the same low immunogenicity in patients over a long period of time.
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Ahmad O, Ahmad T, Pfister SM. IDH mutation, glioma immunogenicity, and therapeutic challenge of primary mismatch repair deficient IDH-mutant astrocytoma PMMRDIA: a systematic review. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38339779 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2021, Suwala et al. described Primary Mismatch Repair Deficient IDH-mutant Astrocytoma (PMMRDIA) as a distinct group of gliomas. In unsupervised clustering, PMMRDIA forms distinct cluster, separate from other IDH-mutant gliomas, including IDH-mutant gliomas with secondary mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency. In the published cohort, three patients received treatment with an immune checkpoint blocker (ICB), yet none exhibited a response, which aligns with existing knowledge about the decreased immunogenicity of IDH-mutant gliomas in comparison to IDH-wildtype. In the case of PMMRDIA, the inherent resistance to the standard-of-care temozolomide caused by MMR deficiency is an additional challenge. It is known that a gain-of-function mutation of IDH1/2 genes produces the oncometabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2-HG), which increases DNA and histone methylation contributing to the characteristic glioma-associated CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP). While other factors could be involved in remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME) of IDH-mutant gliomas, this systematic review emphasizes the role of R-2-HG and the subsequent G-CIMP in immune suppression. This highlights a potential actionable pathway to enhance the response of ICB, which might be relevant for addressing the unmet therapeutic challenge of PMMRDIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfat Ahmad
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Tahani Ahmad
- Department of Pediatric Neuroradiology, IWK Health Center, Halifax, Canada
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Johansson E, Yadav JS. Differential Immunogenicity and Lung Disease-Inducing Potential of Mycobacterium immunogenum Genotypes and Impact of Co-Exposure with Pseudomonas: Optimizing a Mouse Model of Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2058. [PMID: 38396736 PMCID: PMC10889777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium immunogenum (MI) colonizing metalworking fluids (MWFs) has been associated with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) in machinists. However, it is etiologically unclear why only certain mycobacteria-contaminated fluids induce this interstitial lung disease. We hypothesized that this may be due to differential immunogenicity and the HP-inducing potential of MI strains/genotypes as well as the confounding effect of co-inhaled endotoxin-producers. To test this hypothesis, we optimized a chronic HP mouse model in terms of MI antigen dose, timepoint of sacrifice, and form of antigen (cell lysates vs. live cells) and compared six different field-isolated MI strains. Overall, MJY10 was identified as the most immunogenic and MJY4 (or MJY13) as the least immunogenic genotype based on lung pathoimmunological changes as well as Th1 cellular response (IFN-γ release). Infection with MI live cells induced a more severe phenotype than MI cell lysate. Co-exposure with Pseudomonas fluorescens caused a greater degree of lung innate immune response and granuloma formation but a diminished adaptive (Th1) immune response (IFN-γ) in the lung and spleen. In summary, this study led to the first demonstration of differential immunogenicity and the disease-inducing potential of field strains of MI and an interfering effect of the co-contaminating Pseudomonas. The improved chronic MI-HP mouse model and the identified polar pair of MI strains will facilitate future diagnostic and therapeutic research on this poorly understood environmental lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jagjit S. Yadav
- Pulmonary Pathogenesis and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA
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Tang J, Xu Q, Zhu C, Xuan K, Li T, Li Q, Pang X, Zha Z, Li J, Qiao L, Xu H, Wu G, Tian Y, Han J, Gao C, Yi J, Qian G, Tian X, Xie L. Immunogenicity of Tetravalent Protein Vaccine SCTV01E-2 against SARS-CoV-2 EG.5 Subvaraint: A Phase 2 Trial. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:175. [PMID: 38400158 PMCID: PMC10893468 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Omicron EG.5 lineage of SARS-CoV-2 is currently on a trajectory to become the dominant strain. This phase 2 study aims to evaluate the immunogenicity of SCTV01E-2, a tetravalent protein vaccine, with a specific emphasis on its immunogenicity against Omicron EG.5, comparing it with its progenitor vaccine, SCTV01E (NCT05933512). As of 12 September 2023, 429 participants aged ≥18 years were randomized into the groups SCTV01E (N = 215) and SCTV01E-2 (N = 214). Both vaccines showed increases in neutralizing antibody (nAb) against Omicron EG.5, with a 5.7-fold increase and a 9.0-fold increase in the SCTV01E and SCTV01E-2 groups 14 days post-vaccination, respectively. The predetermined statistical endpoints were achieved, showing that the geometric mean titer (GMT) of nAb and the seroresponse rate (SRR) against Omicron EG.5 were significantly higher in the SCTV01E-2 group than in the SCTV01E group. Additionally, SCTV01E and SCTV01E-2 induced a 5.5-fold and a 5.9-fold increase in nAb against XBB.1, respectively. Reactogenicity was generally mild and transient. No vaccine-related serious adverse events (SAEs), adverse events of special interest (AESIs), or deaths were reported. In summary, SCTV01E-2 elicited robust neutralizing responses against Omicron EG.5 and XBB.1 without raising safety concerns, highlighting its potential as a versatile COVID-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihai Tang
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, China; (J.T.); (Q.X.); (K.X.); (T.L.); (Q.L.); (X.P.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qinghua Xu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, China; (J.T.); (Q.X.); (K.X.); (T.L.); (Q.L.); (X.P.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Chaoyin Zhu
- Funan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuyang 236399, China; (C.Z.); (L.Q.); (G.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Kun Xuan
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, China; (J.T.); (Q.X.); (K.X.); (T.L.); (Q.L.); (X.P.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Tao Li
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, China; (J.T.); (Q.X.); (K.X.); (T.L.); (Q.L.); (X.P.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Qingru Li
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, China; (J.T.); (Q.X.); (K.X.); (T.L.); (Q.L.); (X.P.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xingya Pang
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, China; (J.T.); (Q.X.); (K.X.); (T.L.); (Q.L.); (X.P.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhenqiu Zha
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, China; (J.T.); (Q.X.); (K.X.); (T.L.); (Q.L.); (X.P.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jinwei Li
- Fuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuyang 236030, China; (J.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Liyang Qiao
- Funan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuyang 236399, China; (C.Z.); (L.Q.); (G.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Fuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuyang 236030, China; (J.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Gang Wu
- Funan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuyang 236399, China; (C.Z.); (L.Q.); (G.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yan Tian
- Funan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuyang 236399, China; (C.Z.); (L.Q.); (G.W.); (Y.T.)
| | - Jun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious, Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China;
| | - Cuige Gao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing 100176, China; (C.G.); (J.Y.); (G.Q.); (X.T.)
| | - Jiang Yi
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing 100176, China; (C.G.); (J.Y.); (G.Q.); (X.T.)
| | - Gui Qian
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing 100176, China; (C.G.); (J.Y.); (G.Q.); (X.T.)
| | - Xuxin Tian
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing 100176, China; (C.G.); (J.Y.); (G.Q.); (X.T.)
| | - Liangzhi Xie
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing 100176, China; (C.G.); (J.Y.); (G.Q.); (X.T.)
- Cell Culture Engineering Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Mikkilineni L, Natrakul DA, Lam N, Manasanch EE, Mann J, Weissler KA, Wong N, Brudno JN, Goff SL, Yang JC, Ganaden M, Patel R, Zheng Z, Gartner JJ, Martin KR, Wang HW, Yuan CM, Lowe T, Maric I, Shao L, Jin P, Stroncek DF, Highfill SL, Rosenberg SA, Kochenderfer JN. Rapid anti-myeloma activity by T cells expressing an anti-BCMA CAR with a human heavy-chain-only antigen-binding domain. Mol Ther 2024; 32:503-526. [PMID: 38155568 PMCID: PMC10861980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a rarely curable malignancy of plasma cells. MM expresses B cell maturation antigen (BCMA). We developed a fully human anti-BCMA chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) with a heavy-chain-only antigen-recognition domain, a 4-1BB domain, and a CD3ζ domain. The CAR was designated FHVH33-CD8BBZ. We conducted the first-in-humans clinical trial of T cells expressing FHVH33-CD8BBZ (FHVH-T). Twenty-five patients with relapsed MM were treated. The stringent complete response rate (sCR) was 52%. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 78 weeks. Of 24 evaluable patients, 6 (25%) had a maximum cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) grade of 3; no patients had CRS of greater than grade 3. Most anti-MM activity occurred within 2-4 weeks of FHVH-T infusion as shown by decreases in the rapidly changing MM markers serum free light chains, urine light chains, and bone marrow plasma cells. Blood CAR+ cell levels peaked during the time that MM elimination was occurring, between 7 and 15 days after FHVH-T infusion. C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) expression on infusion CD4+ FHVH-T correlated with peak blood FHVH-T levels. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a shift toward more differentiated FHVH-T after infusion. Anti-CAR antibody responses were detected in 4 of 12 patients assessed. FHVH-T has powerful, rapid, and durable anti-MM activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekha Mikkilineni
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle A Natrakul
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Norris Lam
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Mann
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine A Weissler
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathan Wong
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer N Brudno
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie L Goff
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James C Yang
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Micaela Ganaden
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rashmika Patel
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhili Zheng
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jared J Gartner
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn R Martin
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hao-Wei Wang
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constance M Yuan
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tyler Lowe
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irina Maric
- Hematology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lipei Shao
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ping Jin
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David F Stroncek
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven L Highfill
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven A Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James N Kochenderfer
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Sun M, Han X, Li J, Zheng J, Li J, Wang H, Li X. Targeting KDM4 family epigenetically triggers antitumour immunity via enhancing tumour-intrinsic innate sensing and immunogenicity. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1598. [PMID: 38390756 PMCID: PMC10884983 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable clinical efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, considerable patients fail to benefit from it due to primary or acquired resistance. Tumours frequently hijack diverse epigenetic mechanisms to evade immune detection, thereby highlighting the potential for pharmacologically targeting epigenetic regulators to restore the impaired immunosurveillance and re-sensitise tumours to immunotherapy. Herein, we demonstrated that KDM4-targeting chemotherapeutic drug JIB-04, epigenetically triggered the tumour-intrinsic innate immune responses and immunogenic cell death (ICD), resulting in impressive antitumour effects. Specifically, JIB-04 induced H3K9 hypermethylation through specific inhibition of the KDM4 family (KDM4A-D), leading to impaired DNA repair signalling and subsequent DNA damage. As a result, JIB-04 not only activated the tumour-intrinsic cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-STING pathway via DNA-damage-induced cytosolic DNA accumulation, but also promoted ICD, releasing numerous damage-associated molecular patterns. Furthermore, JIB-04 induced adaptive resistance through the upregulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which could be overcome with additional PD-L1 blockade. In human tumours, KDM4B expression was negatively correlated with clinical outcomes, type I interferon signatures, and responses to immunotherapy. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that targeting KDM4 family can activate tumour-intrinsic innate sensing and immunogenicity, and synergise with immunotherapy to improve antitumour outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for CancerCenter for Single‐Cell OmicsSchool of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for CancerCenter for Single‐Cell OmicsSchool of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jinyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for CancerCenter for Single‐Cell OmicsSchool of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jiali Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jingquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for CancerCenter for Single‐Cell OmicsSchool of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for CancerCenter for Single‐Cell OmicsSchool of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for CancerCenter for Single‐Cell OmicsSchool of Public HealthShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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38
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Getz J, McGrath S, Hui G. WRIB Poster Awards winners 2023. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:185-189. [PMID: 38270403 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2024-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gus Hui
- PPD part of Thermo Fisher Scientific, 929 North Front Street Wilmington, NC 28401-3331, USA
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Jin H, Kang Y, Gao H, Lin Z, Huang D, Zheng Z, Zhao J, Wang L, Jiang J. Decellularization-Based Modification Strategy for Bioactive Xenografts Promoting Tendon Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302660. [PMID: 37864473 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Xenografts have emerged as a promising option for severe tendon defects treatment. However, despite undergoing decellularization, concerns still remain regarding the immunogenicity of xenografts. Because certain components within the extracellular matrix also possess immunogenicity. In this study, a novel strategy of post-decellularization modification aimed at preserving the endogenous capacity of cells on collagen synthesis to mask antigenic epitopes in extracellular matrix is proposed. To implement this strategy, a human-derived rosiglitazone-loaded decellularized extracellular matrix (R-dECM) is developed. R-dECM can release rosiglitazone for over 7 days in vitro. By suppressing M1 macrophage polarization, R-dECM protects the migration and collagen synthesis abilities of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs), while also stabilizing the phenotype of M2 macrophages in vitro. RNA sequencing reveals R-dECM can mitigate the detrimental crosstalk between TDSCs and inflammatory cells. When applied to a rat patellar tendon defect model, R-dECM effectively inhibits early inflammation, preventing chronic inflammation. Its duration of function far exceeds the release time of rosiglitazone, implying the establishment of immune evasion, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. And R-dECM demonstrates superior tendon repair outcomes compared to dECM. Thus, this study provides a novel bioactive scaffold with the potential to enhance the long-term clinical outcomes of xenogeneic tendon grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Haihan Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqi Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Dongcheng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhong Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Liren Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
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40
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Teixeira FME, Oliveira LDM, Branco ACCC, Alberca R, de Sousa ESA, Leite BHDS, Adan WCDS, Duarte AJDS, Lins RD, Sato M, Viana IFT. Corrigendum: Enhanced immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice following a Zika DNA vaccine designed by modulation of membrane-anchoring regions and its association to adjuvants. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1376059. [PMID: 38361947 PMCID: PMC10867426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1376059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1307546.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana de Mendonça Oliveira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Cláudia Calvielli Castelo Branco
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wesley Alberca
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emanuella Sarmento Alho de Sousa
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Dias Lins
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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Friesen JJ, Blakney AK. Trends in the synthetic polymer delivery of RNA. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3672. [PMID: 38380796 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) has emerged as one of the most promising therapeutic payloads in the field of gene therapy. There are many unique types of RNA that allow for a range of applications including vaccination, protein replacement therapy, autoimmune disease treatment, gene knockdown and gene editing. However, RNA triggers the host immune system, is vulnerable to degradation and has a low proclivity to enter cells spontaneously. Therefore, a delivery vehicle is required to facilitate the protection and uptake of RNA therapeutics into the desired host cells. Lipid nanoparticles have emerged as one of the only clinically approved vehicles for genetic payloads, including in the COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccines. While lipid nanoparticles have distinct advantages, they also have drawbacks, including strong immune stimulation, complex manufacturing and formulation heterogeneity. In contrast, synthetic polymers are a widely studied group of gene delivery vehicles and boast distinct advantages, including biocompatibility, tunability, inexpensiveness, simple formulation and ease of modification. Some classes of polymers enhance efficient transfection efficiency, and lead to lower stimulation of the host immune system, making them more viable candidates for non-vaccine-related applications of RNA medicines. This review aims to identify the most promising classes of synthetic polymers, summarize recent research aimed at moving them into the clinic and postulate the future steps required for unlocking their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh J Friesen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anna K Blakney
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Akter F, Shamimuzzaman M. Potency, immunogenicity, and efficacy of rabies vaccine: In vitro and in vivo approach. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1198. [PMID: 38411335 PMCID: PMC10898210 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rabies, a potentially lethal virus, affects more than 150 countries. Although the rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin have been available since 1908, Bangladesh is new to vaccine manufacturing. We checked the quality of the local manufacturing rabies vaccine for substandard. METHODS The potency and immunogenicity of 20 vaccines were analyzed by three in vivo and in vitro methods from March 2020 to May 2023. Single radial immunodiffusion, fluorescent antibody virus neutralization, and national institutes of health tests were carried out to evaluate the vaccine's efficacy to provide sufficient protection against the rabies virus. RESULTS The potency of the rabies vaccine was determined by the in vitro SRID method by measuring glycoprotein content. An average of 16 articles from each batch was calculated. The minimum and maximum average mean values of the 20 batches were 5.058 and 5.346, respectively. The variance was calculated at 0.00566. We found a coefficient of variation (CV) between 9.36% and 14.80%. The 100% sample was satisfactory, as these samples had a potency of over 2.5 IU/mL. To observe immunogenicity, we applied the FAVN method for determining antibody titers. An average of 16 articles from every batch were counted to quantify antibody titers. The mean quantity of antibody titers ranged from 2.389 to 3.3875. The CV was slightly lower because of the dispersion of the data. At last, we performed an in vivo method, the NIH test method, to determine potency based on mortality rate. We found a mean value of 4.777 IU/SHD with a standard deviation of 1.13 IU/SHD. All 20 batches were found 100% satisfactory in the NIH test. CONCLUSION The study implies that the rabies human vaccines manufactured in Bangladesh are potent enough to provide sufficient immunogenicity. Our research is warranted testimony for healthcare providers who work to extirpate rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Akter
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shamimuzzaman
- Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
- Directorate General of Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Sadat Larijani M, Javadi A, Eskandari SE, Doroud D, Ashrafian F, Banifazl M, Khamesipour A, Bavand A, Ramezani A. The impact of ABO blood types on humoral immunity responses and antibody persistency after different COVID-19 vaccine regimens. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29438. [PMID: 38353517 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the possible effects of blood types on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine immunogenicity and antibody (Ab) persistency. Five different vaccinated groups against COVID-19 were investigated at Pasteur Institute of Iran from April 2021 to December 2022. Anti-Spike IgG and neutralizing Ab rise were tracked on Day 21 as well as the humoral immune persistency assessment 180 after booster shots. Late adverse events up to 6 months after the booster dose were collected. The results showed that blood type A, led to a significantly higher anti-Spike Ab rise in AstraZeneca primed recipients in comparison with Sinopharm primed ones in heterologous regimens (p: 0.019). Furthermore, blood type O was a great co-effector in homologous AstraZeneca recipients regarding neutralizing Ab rise (0.013). In addition, blood type O led to a better anti-Spike Ab persistency in the Sinopharm homologous group whereas type A had the best effect on neutralizing Ab durability in the same vaccine group. What is more, Rh-positive individuals in AstraZeneca + PastoCovac Plus group had a higher rate of anti-Spike Ab rise (p = 0.001). Neutralizing Ab rise was also induced in AstraZeneca homologous and heterologous regimens of Rh-positive individuals significantly higher than Sinopharm primed cases. The present study showed the potential impact of blood types A/O and Rh-positive on a better humoral immune responses and Ab persistency. It is proposed that blood type A and Rh-positive could increase the Ab rise in AstraZeneca vaccinated individuals. Moreover, blood type O might be a better co-effector of anti-Spike Ab persistency in Sinopharm recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Javadi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Seyed Ebrahim Eskandari
- Center of Research and Training in Skin Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram Doroud
- Quality Control Department, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran-Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ashrafian
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Banifazl
- Iranian Society for Support of Patients with Infectious Disease, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khamesipour
- Center of Research and Training in Skin Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Bavand
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amitis Ramezani
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Curry PDK, Morris AP, Jani M, Chinoy H, Barton A, Bluett J. Psoriatic arthritis: the role of self-reported non-adherence, non-trough drug levels, immunogenicity and conventional synthetic DMARD co-therapy in adalimumab and etanercept response. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2024; 8:rkae014. [PMID: 38415954 PMCID: PMC10898332 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between self-reported non-adherence, non-trough drug levels, immunogenicity and conventional synthetic DMARD (csDMARD) co-therapy in TNF inhibitor (TNF-i) drug response in PsA. Methods Serum samples and adherence questionnaires were collected at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months for PsA patients prescribed TNF-i. Non-trough adalimumab (ADL) and etanercept (ETN) drug levels were measured at 3 and 6 months using commercially available ELISAs. Clinical response was assessed using PsA response criteria (PsARC) and change in 28-joint DAS (ΔDAS28) between baseline and 3, 6 and 12 months. Results In 244 PsA patients (52.5% ADL and 47.5% ETN), self-reported non-adherence was associated with PsARC non-response over 12 months using generalized estimating equation (GEE) modelling (P = 0.037). However, there was no significant difference between non-trough ADL or ETN drug levels based on self-reported non-adherence. Higher ETN levels at 3 months were associated with PsARC response at 3 (P = 0.015), 6 (P = 0.037) and 12 months (P = 0.015) and over 12 months using GEE modelling (P = 0.026). Increased ADL drug levels at 3 months were associated with greater ΔDAS28 at 3 months (P = 0.019). ADL anti-drug antibody-positive status was significantly associated with lower 3- and 6-month ADL levels (P < 0.001) and ΔDAS28 and PsARC response at 3, 6 and 12 months. Meanwhile, MTX co-therapy was associated with a reduction in immunogenicity at 3 and 6 months (P = 0.008 and P = 0.024). Conclusion Although both were associated with reduced response, the objectively measured non-trough drug levels showed more significant associations with drug response than self-reported non-adherence measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa D K Curry
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester BRC, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Meghna Jani
- NIHR Manchester BRC, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UK
| | - Hector Chinoy
- NIHR Manchester BRC, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UK
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anne Barton
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester BRC, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - James Bluett
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester BRC, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Sezer Z, Pavel STI, Inal A, Yetiskin H, Kaplan B, Uygut MA, Aslan AF, Bayram A, Mazicioglu M, Kalin Unuvar G, Yuce ZT, Aydin G, Kaya RK, Ates I, Kara A, Ozdarendeli A. Long-Term Immunogenicity and Safety of a Homologous Third Dose Booster Vaccination with TURKOVAC: Phase 2 Clinical Study Findings with 32-Week Post-Booster Follow-Up. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:140. [PMID: 38400124 PMCID: PMC10893411 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-induced immunity wanes over time and warrants booster doses. We investigated the long-term (32 weeks) immunogenicity and safety of a third, homologous, open-label booster dose of TURKOVAC, administered 12 weeks after completion of the primary series in a randomized, controlled, double-blind, phase 2 study. Forty-two participants included in the analysis were evaluated for neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) (with microneutralization (MNT50) and focus reduction (FRNT50) tests), SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD (Spike S1 Receptor Binding Domain), and whole SARS-CoV-2 (with ELISA) IgGs on the day of booster injection and at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 32 thereafter. Antibody titers increased significantly from week 1 and remained higher than the pre-booster titers until at least week 4 (week 8 for whole SARS-CoV-2) (p < 0.05 for all). Seroconversion (titers ≥ 4-fold compared with pre-immune status) persisted 16 weeks (MNT50: 6-fold; FRNT50: 5.4-fold) for NAbs and 32 weeks for S1 RBD (7.9-fold) and whole SARS-CoV-2 (9.4-fold) IgGs. Nine participants (20.9%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR between weeks 8 and 32 of booster vaccination; none of them were hospitalized or died. These findings suggest that boosting with TURKOVAC can provide effective protection against COVID-19 for at least 8 weeks and reduce the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Sezer
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
- Good Clinical Practise Centre (IKUM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Shaikh Terkis Islam Pavel
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Inal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
- Good Clinical Practise Centre (IKUM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Hazel Yetiskin
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Busra Kaplan
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Muhammet Ali Uygut
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Furkan Aslan
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Adnan Bayram
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Mumtaz Mazicioglu
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Gamze Kalin Unuvar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Ture Yuce
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | - Gunsu Aydin
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
| | | | - Ihsan Ates
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital, Ankara 06530, Türkiye
| | - Ates Kara
- Health Institutes of Türkiye (TUSEB), Istanbul 34718, Türkiye
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06430, Türkiye
| | - Aykut Ozdarendeli
- Vaccine Research, Development and Application Centre (ERAGEM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Türkiye
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Rudometova NB, Fando AA, Kisakova LA, Kisakov DN, Borgoyakova MB, Litvinova VR, Yakovlev VA, Tigeeva EV, Vahitov DI, Sharabrin SV, Shcherbakov DN, Evseenko VI, Ivanova KI, Gudymo AS, Ilyicheva TN, Marchenko VY, Ilyichev AA, Rudometov AP, Karpenko LI. Immunogenic and Protective Properties of Recombinant Hemagglutinin of Influenza A (H5N8) Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:143. [PMID: 38400127 PMCID: PMC10893068 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterized recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A (H5N8) virus produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1s). Immunochemical analysis showed that the recombinant hemagglutinin was recognized by the serum of ferrets infected with influenza A (H5N8) virus, indicating that its antigenic properties were retained. Two groups of Balb/c mice were immunized with intramuscular injection of recombinant hemagglutinin or propiolactone inactivated A/Astrakhan/3212/2020 (H5N8) influenza virus. The results demonstrated that both immunogens induced a specific antibody response as determined by ELISA. Virus neutralization assay revealed that sera of immunized animals were able to neutralize A/turkey/Stavropol/320-01/2020 (H5N8) influenza virus-the average neutralizing titer was 2560. Immunization with both recombinant HA/H5 hemagglutinin and inactivated virus gave 100% protection against lethal H5N8 virus challenge. This study shows that recombinant HA (H5N8) protein may be a useful antigen candidate for developing subunit vaccines against influenza A (H5N8) virus with suitable immunogenicity and protective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda B. Rudometova
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Anastasia A. Fando
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Lyubov A. Kisakova
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Denis N. Kisakov
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Mariya B. Borgoyakova
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Victoria R. Litvinova
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Vladimir A. Yakovlev
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Elena V. Tigeeva
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Danil I. Vahitov
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Sergey V. Sharabrin
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Dmitriy N. Shcherbakov
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Veronika I. Evseenko
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Novosibirsk Region, Russia;
| | - Ksenia I. Ivanova
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Andrei S. Gudymo
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Tatiana N. Ilyicheva
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Vasiliy Yu. Marchenko
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Alexander A. Ilyichev
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Andrey P. Rudometov
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
| | - Larisa I. Karpenko
- Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo 630559, Novosibirsk Region, Russia (L.A.K.); (D.N.K.); (M.B.B.); (V.R.L.); (E.V.T.); (D.I.V.); (S.V.S.); (D.N.S.); (K.I.I.); (A.S.G.); (T.N.I.); (V.Y.M.); (A.A.I.); (A.P.R.); (L.I.K.)
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Kroenke MA, Starcevic Manning M, Zuch de Zafra CL, Zhang X, Cook KD, Archer M, Lolkema MP, Wang J, Hoofring S, Saini G, Aeffner F, Ahern E, Cabanas EG, Govindan R, Hui M, Gupta S, Mytych DT. Translatability of findings from cynomolgus monkey to human suggests a mechanistic role for IL-21 in promoting immunogenicity to an anti-PD-1/IL-21 mutein fusion protein. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345473. [PMID: 38343535 PMCID: PMC10858450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
AMG 256 is a bi-specific, heteroimmunoglobulin molecule with an anti-PD-1 antibody domain and a single IL-21 mutein domain on the C-terminus. Nonclinical studies in cynomolgus monkeys revealed that AMG 256 administration led to the development of immunogenicity-mediated responses and indicated that the IL-21 mutein domain of AMG 256 could enhance the anti-drug antibody response directed toward the monoclonal antibody domain. Anti-AMG 256 IgE were also observed in cynomolgus monkeys. A first-in-human (FIH) study in patients with advanced solid tumors was designed with these risks in mind. AMG 256 elicited ADA in 28 of 33 subjects (84.8%). However, ADA responses were only robust and exposure-impacting at the 2 lowest doses. At mid to high doses, ADA responses remained low magnitude and all subjects maintained exposure, despite most subjects developing ADA. Limited drug-specific IgE were also observed during the FIH study. ADA responses were not associated with any type of adverse event. The AMG 256 program represents a unique case where nonclinical studies informed on the risk of immunogenicity in humans, due to the IL-21-driven nature of the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Kroenke
- Clinical Immunology, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Xinwen Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling, and Simulation, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kevin D Cook
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Jin Wang
- Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Hoofring
- Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Gurleen Saini
- Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Famke Aeffner
- Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Mun Hui
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Shalini Gupta
- Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Daniel T Mytych
- Clinical Immunology, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
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48
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Li W, Wei J, Jiang Q, Zhou Y, Yan X, Xiang C, Huang J. In Silico Immunogenicity Assessment of Therapeutic Peptides. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:CMC-EPUB-137750. [PMID: 38275064 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673264899231206093930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The application of therapeutic peptides in clinical practice has significantly progressed in the past decades. However, immunogenicity remains an inevitable and crucial issue in the development of therapeutic peptides. The prediction of antigenic peptides presented by MHC class II is a critical approach to evaluating the immunogenicity of therapeutic peptides. With the continuous upgrade of algorithms and databases in recent years, the prediction accuracy has been significantly improved. This has made in silico evaluation an important component of immunogenicity assessment in therapeutic peptide development. In this review, we summarize the development of peptide-MHC-II binding prediction methods for antigenic peptides presented by MHC class II molecules and provide a systematic explanation of the most advanced ones, aiming to deepen our understanding of this field that requires particular attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Jinyi Wei
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Qianhu Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Yuwei Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Xingru Yan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Changcheng Xiang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Aba Teachers University, Aba, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China
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49
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Dong Y, Ye S, Li H, Li J, Liu R, Zhu Y. The Role of SPEN Mutations as Predictive Biomarkers for Immunotherapy Response in Colorectal Cancer: Insights from a Retrospective Cohort Analysis. J Pers Med 2024; 14:131. [PMID: 38392565 PMCID: PMC10890329 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths, and treatment, especially in the metastatic stage, is challenging. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized CRC treatment, but response varies, emphasizing the need for effective biomarkers. This study explores SPEN mutations as potential biomarkers. METHODS Using data from the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-Colorectal Cancer, this research applied bioinformatics tools and statistical analysis to SPEN (Split Ends) mutant and wild-type CRC patients treated with ICIs. Focus areas included mutation rates, immune cell infiltration, and DNA damage response pathways. RESULTS The SPEN mutation rate was found to be 13.8% (15/109 patients) in the MSKCC cohort and 6.65% (35/526 patients) in the TCGA cohort. Our findings indicate that CRC patients with SPEN mutations had a longer median overall survival (OS) than the wild-type group. These patients also had higher tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI) scores, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. SPEN mutants also exhibited increased DNA damage response (DDR) pathway mutations and a greater presence of activated immune cells, like M1 macrophages and CD8+ T cells, while wild-type patients had more resting/suppressive immune cells. Furthermore, distinct mutation patterns, notably with TP53, indicated a unique molecular subtype in SPEN-mutated CRC. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that SPEN mutations might improve ICI efficacy in CRC due to increased immunogenicity and an inflammatory tumor microenvironment. SPEN mutations could be predictive biomarkers for ICI responsiveness, underscoring their value in personalized therapy and highlighting the importance of genomic data in clinical decisions. This research lays the groundwork for future precision oncology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmei Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Sisi Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Huizi Li
- Department of Nutrition, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Rongrui Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yanyun Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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50
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Hong SM, Ha EJ, Kim HW, Kim SJ, Ahn SM, An SH, Kim G, Kim S, Kwon HJ, Choi KS. Effects of G and SH Truncation on the Replication, Virulence, and Immunogenicity of Avian Metapneumovirus. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:106. [PMID: 38276678 PMCID: PMC10818707 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Four mutants varying the length of the G and SH genes, including a G-truncated mutant (ΔG) and three G/SH-truncated mutants (ΔSH/G-1, ΔSH/G-2, and ΔSH/G-3), were generated via serially passaging the avian metapneumovirus strain SNU21004 into the cell lines Vero E6 and DF-1 and into embryonated chicken eggs. The mutant ΔG particles resembled parental virus particles except for the variance in the density of their surface projections. G and G/SH truncation significantly affected the viral replication in chickens' tracheal ring culture and in infected chickens but not in the Vero E6 cells. In experimentally infected chickens, mutant ΔG resulted in the restriction of viral replication and the attenuation of the virulence. The mutants ΔG and ΔSH/G-1 upregulated three interleukins (IL-6, IL-12, and IL-18) and three interferons (IFNα, IFNβ, and IFNγ) in infected chickens. In addition, the expression levels of innate immunity-related genes such as Mda5, Rig-I, and Lgp2, in BALB/c mice were also upregulated when compared to the parental virus. Immunologically, the mutant ΔG induced a strong, delayed humoral immune response, while the mutant ΔSH/G-1 induced no humoral immune response. Our findings indicate the potential of the mutant ΔG but not the mutant ΔSH/G-1 as a live attenuated vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Min Hong
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.H.); (E.-J.H.); (H.-W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-M.A.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Jin Ha
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.H.); (E.-J.H.); (H.-W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-M.A.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ho-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.H.); (E.-J.H.); (H.-W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-M.A.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung-Ji Kim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.H.); (E.-J.H.); (H.-W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-M.A.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sun-Min Ahn
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.H.); (E.-J.H.); (H.-W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-M.A.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Se-Hee An
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gun Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Research Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea;
| | - Suji Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyuk-Joon Kwon
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
- Laboratory of Poultry Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea
- Institutes of Green-bio Science Technology (GBST), Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center (FACTRC), Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
- GeNiner Inc., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Seuk Choi
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 PLUS for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 088026, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.H.); (E.-J.H.); (H.-W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (S.-M.A.)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
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