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Lund MC, Ellman DG, Nielsen PV, Raffaele S, Fumagalli M, Guzman R, Degn M, Brambilla R, Meyer M, Clausen BH, Lambertsen KL. Selective Inhibition of Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Alters the Neuroinflammatory Response following Moderate Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:845. [PMID: 37372129 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and animal model studies have implicated inflammation and glial and peripheral immune cell responses in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI). A key player in the inflammatory response after SCI is the pleiotropic cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which exists both in both a transmembrane (tmTNF) and a soluble (solTNF) form. In the present study, we extend our previous findings of a therapeutic effect of topically blocking solTNF signaling after SCI for three consecutive days on lesion size and functional outcome to study the effect on spatio-temporal changes in the inflammatory response after SCI in mice treated with the selective solTNF inhibitor XPro1595 and compared to saline-treated mice. We found that despite comparable TNF and TNF receptor levels between XPro1595- and saline-treated mice, XPro1595 transiently decreased pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels and increased pro-regenerative IL-10 levels in the acute phase after SCI. This was complemented by a decrease in the number of infiltrated leukocytes (macrophages and neutrophils) in the lesioned area of the spinal cord and an increase in the number of microglia in the peri-lesion area 14 days after SCI, followed by a decrease in microglial activation in the peri-lesion area 21 days after SCI. This translated into increased myelin preservation and improved functional outcomes in XPro1595-treated mice 35 days after SCI. Collectively, our data suggest that selective targeting of solTNF time-dependently modulates the neuroinflammatory response by favoring a pro-regenerative environment in the lesioned spinal cord, leading to improved functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Christiansen Lund
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ditte Gry Ellman
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Pernille Vinther Nielsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefano Raffaele
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Raphael Guzman
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matilda Degn
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence (BRIDGE), Department of Clinical Research, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Morten Meyer
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence (BRIDGE), Department of Clinical Research, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Bettina Hjelm Clausen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence (BRIDGE), Department of Clinical Research, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Kate Lykke Lambertsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence (BRIDGE), Department of Clinical Research, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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Liu W, Xiong W, Liu W, Wei Z, Abo H, Kawashima H. Therapeutic Effects of an Anti-Sialyl Lewis x Antibody in a Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2023. [PMID: 37057964 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2023.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a life-threatening acute lung injury (ALI) characterized by the destruction of alveoli leading to pulmonary edema. The infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells and production of inflammatory cytokines are both involved in the pathogenesis of ALI. Here, we show that the infiltration of neutrophils, major inflammatory cells causing ALI, into the lung is mediated by sialyl Lewis x (sLex) glycans, which can be efficiently suppressed by a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against these glycans. In fucosyltransferase-IV and -VII double-deficient mice lacking sLex expression, neutrophil infiltration into the lung was significantly suppressed compared with that observed in wild-type mice in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI model. Administration of a highly specific anti-sLex mAb F2 3 hours after LPS administration significantly suppressed pulmonary neutrophil infiltration, accompanied by the reduced induction of inflammatory cytokines. It was consistently indicated from ex vivo cell rolling assay that mAb F2 blocked the rolling of mouse neutrophils on P-selectin-expressing cells. Overall, these results indicate that the sLex glycan could serve as a therapeutic target against ALI, and also that mAb F2 would be useful for specific targeting of this glycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Liu
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Wei Xiong
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Wei Liu
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Zihong Wei
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirohito Abo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroto Kawashima
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Zheng X, Higdon L, Gaudet A, Shah M, Balistieri A, Li C, Nadai P, Palaniappan L, Yang X, Santo B, Ginley B, Wang XX, Myakala K, Nallagatla P, Levi M, Sarder P, Rosenberg A, Maltzman JS, de Freitas Caires N, Bhalla V. Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule-1 Inhibits Albuminuria in Diabetic Mice. Kidney360 2022; 3:2059-2076. [PMID: 36591362 PMCID: PMC9802554 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0001712022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of kidney failure in the world, and novel predictive biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of disease are needed. Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (Esm-1) is a secreted proteoglycan that attenuates inflammation. We previously identified that a glomerular deficiency of Esm-1 associates with more pronounced albuminuria and glomerular inflammation in DKD-susceptible relative to DKD-resistant mice, but its contribution to DKD remains unexplored. Methods Using hydrodynamic tail-vein injection, we overexpress Esm-1 in DKD-susceptible DBA/2 mice and delete Esm-1 in DKD-resistant C57BL/6 mice to study the contribution of Esm-1 to DKD. We analyze clinical indices of DKD, leukocyte infiltration, podocytopenia, and extracellular matrix production. We also study transcriptomic changes to assess potential mechanisms of Esm-1 in glomeruli. Results In DKD-susceptible mice, Esm-1 inversely correlates with albuminuria and glomerular leukocyte infiltration. We show that overexpression of Esm-1 reduces albuminuria and diabetes-induced podocyte injury, independent of changes in leukocyte infiltration. Using a complementary approach, we find that constitutive deletion of Esm-1 in DKD-resistant mice modestly increases the degree of diabetes-induced albuminuria versus wild-type controls. By glomerular RNAseq, we identify that Esm-1 attenuates expression of kidney disease-promoting and interferon (IFN)-related genes, including Ackr2 and Cxcl11. Conclusions We demonstrate that, in DKD-susceptible mice, Esm-1 protects against diabetes-induced albuminuria and podocytopathy, possibly through select IFN signaling. Companion studies in patients with diabetes suggest a role of Esm-1 in human DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Lauren Higdon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Heath Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Alexandre Gaudet
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1019-UMR9017-Center for Infection & Immunity of Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Manav Shah
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Angela Balistieri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Catherine Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Patricia Nadai
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1019-UMR9017-Center for Infection & Immunity of Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Latha Palaniappan
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Division of Kidney-Urologic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Briana Santo
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo–The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Brandon Ginley
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo–The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Xiaoxin X. Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Komuraiah Myakala
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Pinaki Sarder
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo–The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Avi Rosenberg
- Division of Kidney-Urologic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan S. Maltzman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Heath Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Nathalie de Freitas Caires
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1019-UMR9017-Center for Infection & Immunity of Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Biothelis, Lille, France
| | - Vivek Bhalla
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Li D, Onodera S, Deng S, Alnujaydi B, Yu Q, Zhou J. Alternate-Day Fasting Ameliorates Newly Established Sjögren's Syndrome-like Sialadenitis in Non-Obese Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36430269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting confers protections to various diseases including autoimmune disorders, but the specific effects of intermittent fasting on Sjögren's syndrome (SS) remains inconclusive. The present study was undertaken to determine the specific impact of alternate-day fasting (ADF) on newly established SS-like sialadenitis using non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Female NOD mice were deprived of food every other day from 10 to 13 weeks of age, the early stage of established SS, and then analyzed for the disease characteristics. Mice in the ADF group had higher salivary flow rate and attenuated submandibular gland (SMG) inflammation, compared to the control mice fed with standard chow ad libitum. The improvements were accompanied with a decrease in the total leukocytes, T and B lymphocytes and activated CD4 and CD8 T cells, and a down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17, chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligands CXCL9 and CXCL11 in the SMGs. ADF also led to elevated mRNA levels of water channel protein aquaporin 5 and tight junction protein claudin-1, two factors crucial for normal salivary secretion in the SMGs. In addition, ADF reduced the proportion of IFN-γ- and IL-17- expressing CD4 T cells and diminished mRNA levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17 in the total submandibular draining lymph node cells. Taken together, ADF is effective in ameliorating newly established SS-associated salivary gland exocrinopathy in NOD mice.
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Maiborodin I, Klinnikova M, Kuzkin S, Maiborodina V, Krasil’nikov S, Pichigina A, Lushnikova E. Morphology of the Myocardium after Experimental Bone Tissue Trauma and the Use of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Multipotent Stromal Cells. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111206. [PMID: 34834558 PMCID: PMC8621714 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of extracellular vesicles (EVs) of various origins on the heart structures in the time of health and disease has been well studied. At the same time, data on the distribution of EVs throughout the body after introduction into the tissues and the possibility of the influence of these EVs on organs distant from the injection site are practically absent. It is also necessary to note a certain inconsistency in the results of various researchers: from articles on the direct absorption of EVs derived from mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells (MSC EVs) by cardiomyocytes to the data that the heart is inherently immune to drug delivery mediated by nanoparticles. In this regard, the morphological changes in the myocardium of outbred rabbits of both sexes weighing 3–4 kg were studied at various times after experimental trauma of the bone tissue in the proximal condyle of the tibia (PCT) and the use of MSC EVs. As a result of modeling the PCT defect, rabbits develop myocardial edema in the heart muscle by the 3rd day, their lymphatic vessels expand, and then, on the 7th day, the blood vessels become dilated. In the myocardium, the relative and absolute contents of neutrophils, erythrocytes, and macrophages increase, but the percentage of lymphocytes decreases. By day 10, almost all of these changes return to their initial values. The detected transformations of the myocardium are most likely due to the ingress of detritus with the blood flow from the PCT. The use of MSC EVs to influence the regeneration of damaged tissue of PCT promotes earlier dilatation of the blood vessels of the heart with pronounced diapedesis of erythrocytes or even hemorrhages, prolongation of edema, the formation of blood clots in vessels with obliteration of their lumen, sclerotic transformation of vascular walls and paravascular tissues. In the myocardium, the number density of neutrophils, the percentage of lymphocytes, and neutrophils become smaller, with a simultaneous increase in the relative numbers of erythrocytes and macrophages, and changes in the content of macrophages remained until the end of the observation—up to 10 days after the surgery. The discovered effect of MSC EVs is most likely associated with the suppression of the activity of the inflammatory process in the PCT area, which, in turn, was caused by a longer ingress of detritus with blood flow into the myocardium. The absence of statistically significant differences between changes in the myocardium of the left and right ventricles may indicate that both detritus from the surgical site and MSC EVs affect the heart spreading through the coronary artery system.
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Xiong W, Liu W, Nishida S, Komiyama D, Liu W, Hirakawa J, Kawashima H. Therapeutic Effects of an Anti-sialyl Lewis X Antibody in a Murine Model of Allergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9961. [PMID: 34576124 PMCID: PMC8471066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an allergic disease that causes severe infiltration of leukocytes into the lungs. Leukocyte infiltration is mediated by the binding of sialyl Lewis X (sLex) glycans present on the leukocytes to E-and P-selectins present on the endothelial cells at the sites of inflammation. Here, we found that mouse eosinophils express sLex glycans, and their infiltration into the lungs and proliferation in the bone marrow were significantly suppressed by an anti-sLex monoclonal antibody (mAb) F2 in a murine model of ovalbumin-induced asthma. The percentage of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and bone marrow and serum IgE levels decreased significantly in the F2-administered mice. Levels of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines and chemokines, involved in IgE class switching and eosinophil proliferation and recruitment, were also decreased in the F2-administered mice. An ex vivo cell rolling assay revealed that sLex glycans mediate the rolling of mouse eosinophils on P-selectin-expressing cells. These results indicate that the mAb F2 exerts therapeutic effects in a murine model of allergen-induced asthma, suggesting that sLex carbohydrate antigen could serve as a novel therapeutic target for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroto Kawashima
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan; (W.X.); (W.L.); (S.N.); (D.K.); (W.L.); (J.H.)
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Gupta K, Pandey S, Singh R, Kumari A, Sen P, Singh G. Roflumilast improves resolution of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by retarding late phase renal interstitial immune cells infiltration and leakage in urinary sediments. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 36:114-132. [PMID: 34212425 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Some evidence has demonstrated that both inflammation and immune cell dysregulation are coincident at late phase (post 24 h) of sepsis. The present study was designed to determine the pathological role of hyperinflammation and renal immune cells mobilization during late phase of sepsis induced acute kidney injury (S-AKI) and tests the pharmacological effects of PDE-4 inhibitor on these events. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation puncture and renal function, oxidative-inflammatory stress biomarkers were assessed after 24 h. PDE-4 inhibitor was administered for 7 days prior to induction of S-AKI. Renal immune cells infiltration during sepsis was analyzed by H&E staining and papanicolaou staining method was used for detecting leukocytes and cast in urinary sediments, periodic acid schiff (PAS) staining was used for detection of brush border loss. AKI developed 24 h post sepsis insult as depicted by increase in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), renal oxidative stress, and elevated inflammatory biomarkers levels. Moreover, septic rats displayed increased bacterial load, renal expression of phosphodiesterase-4B, 4D isoforms, enhanced vascular permeability, caspase-3 and myeloperoxidase activity, electrolyte imbalance, reduced Na+ K+ ATPase activity, declined cAMP levels, increased interstitial leukocyte infiltration, and leakage in urinary sediments along with histological alterations. Pre-treatment with roflumilast at high dose completely prevented the various AKI associated manifestations in septic rats. Renal hyper-inflammation and leukocyte infiltration was detected in late phase of S-AKI. Roflumilast pre-treatment resolved sepsis induced renal dysfunction and histological damage by suppressing late phase renal immune cells invasion and anti-inflammatory effects mediated by up-regulation of renal cAMP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Ambala, India
| | - Sneha Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Ragini Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Abha Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Pallavi Sen
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
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Chen J, Chen YQ, Shi YJ, Ding SQ, Shen L, Wang R, Wang QY, Zha C, Ding H, Hu JG, Lü HZ. VX-765 reduces neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury in mice. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1836-1847. [PMID: 33510091 PMCID: PMC8328782 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.306096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a major cause of neuronal injury after spinal cord injury. We hypothesized that inhibiting caspase-1 activation may reduce neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury, thus producing a protective effect in the injured spinal cord. A mouse model of T9 contusive spinal cord injury was established using an Infinite Horizon Impactor, and VX-765, a selective inhibitor of caspase-1, was administered for 7 successive days after spinal cord injury. The results showed that: (1) VX-765 inhibited spinal cord injury-induced caspase-1 activation and interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 secretion. (2) After spinal cord injury, an increase in M1 cells mainly came from local microglia rather than infiltrating macrophages. (3) Pro-inflammatory Th1Th17 cells were predominant in the Th subsets. VX-765 suppressed total macrophage infiltration, M1 macrophages/microglia, Th1 and Th1Th17 subset differentiation, and cytotoxic T cells activation; increased M2 microglia; and promoted Th2 and Treg differentiation. (4) VX-765 reduced the fibrotic area, promoted white matter myelination, alleviated motor neuron injury, and improved functional recovery. These findings suggest that VX-765 can reduce neuroinflammation and improve nerve function recovery after spinal cord injury by inhibiting caspase-1/interleukin-1β/interleukin-18. This may be a potential strategy for treating spinal cord injury. This study was approved by the Animal Care Ethics Committee of Bengbu Medical College (approval No. 2017-037) on February 23, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity at Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu-Qing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity at Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Shi
- Clinical Laboratory; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shu-Qin Ding
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qi-Yi Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Cheng Zha
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hai Ding
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian-Guo Hu
- Clinical Laboratory; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Clinical Laboratory; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity at Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
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9
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French CE, Sales MA, Rochell SJ, Rodriguez A, Erf GF. Local and systemic inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide in broilers: new insights using a two-window approach. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6593-6605. [PMID: 33248575 PMCID: PMC7705052 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response involves a complex interplay of local tissue activities designed to recruit leukocytes and proteins from the blood to the infected tissue. For egg-type chickens, we established the growing feather (GF) as an accessible tissue test site to monitor tissue responses to injected test-material. For commercial broilers, whose health depends to a large extent on innate immune system functions, the GF test system offers an important novel window to directly assess their natural defenses. This study was conducted to adapt the GF test system for use in broilers, and use it to simultaneously examine local (GF) and systemic (blood) inflammatory responses initiated by GF pulp injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Specifically, GF of 12 male and 12 female, 5-week-old broilers were injected with LPS (16 GF/chicken; 1 μg LPS/GF). Blood and GF were collected at 0 (before), 6, and 24 h after GF injection. GF pulp was used to determine leukocyte-infiltration and gene-expression profiles, reactive-oxygen-species generation, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Blood was used to determine blood cell profiles and SOD activity. A time effect (P ≤ 0.05) was observed for most aspects examined. In GF, LPS injection resulted in heterophil and monocyte infiltration reaching maximal levels at 6 and 24 h, respectively. Reactive-oxygen-species generation, SOD activity, and mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, IL-10, and cathelicidin B1 were elevated, whereas those of TNF-α, LITAF, SOD1, and SOD2 decreased after LPS injection. In blood, levels of heterophils and monocytes were elevated at 6 h, lymphocytes and RBC decreased at 6 h, and thrombocytes and SOD activity increased at 24 h. Assessment of LPS-induced activities at the site of inflammation (GF) provided novel and more relevant insights into temporal, qualitative, and quantitative aspects of inflammatory responses than blood. Knowledge generated from this dual-window approach may find direct application in identification of individuals with robust, balanced innate defenses and provide a platform for studying the effects of exogenous treatments (e.g., nutrients, probiotics, immunomodulators, etc.) on inflammatory responses taking place in a complex tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E French
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Marites A Sales
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Samuel J Rochell
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Angeline Rodriguez
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Gisela F Erf
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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Bernstein DL, Zuluaga-Ramirez V, Gajghate S, Reichenbach NL, Polyak B, Persidsky Y, Rom S. miR-98 reduces endothelial dysfunction by protecting blood-brain barrier (BBB) and improves neurological outcomes in mouse ischemia/reperfusion stroke model. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1953-1965. [PMID: 31601141 PMCID: PMC7786850 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19882264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most neurological diseases, including stroke, lead to some degree of blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. A significant portion of BBB injury is caused by inflammation, due to pro-inflammatory factors produced in the brain, and by leukocyte engagement of the brain endothelium. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have appeared as major regulators of inflammation-induced changes to gene expression in the microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC) that comprise the BBB. However, miRNAs' role during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion is still underexplored. Endothelial levels of miR-98 were significantly altered following ischemia/reperfusion insults, both in vivo and in vitro, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), respectively. Overexpression of miR-98 reduced the mouse's infarct size after tMCAO. Further, miR-98 lessened infiltration of proinflammatory Ly6CHI leukocytes into the brain following stroke and diminished the prevalence of M1 (activated) microglia within the impacted area. miR-98 attenuated BBB permeability, as demonstrated by changes to fluorescently-labeled dextran penetration in vivo and improved transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) in vitro. Treatment with miR-98 improved significantly the locomotor impairment. Our study provides identification and functional assessment of miRNAs in brain endothelium and lays the groundwork for improving therapeutic approaches for patients suffering from ischemic attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Sachin Gajghate
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy L Reichenbach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Boris Polyak
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, PA, USA
| | - Yuri Persidsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Slava Rom
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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11
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Park KHJ, Barrett T. Gliosis Precedes Amyloid-β Deposition and Pathological Tau Accumulation in the Neuronal Cell Cycle Re-Entry Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:243-253. [PMID: 32904753 PMCID: PMC7458550 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The presence of cell cycle markers in postmortem Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains suggest a potential role of cell cycle activation in AD. It was shown that cell cycle activation in postmitotic neurons in mice produces Aβ and tau pathologies from endogenous mouse proteins in the absence of AβPP or tau mutations. Objective: In this study, we examined the microglial and astrocytic responses in these mice since neuroinflammation is another key pathological feature in AD. Methods: Our neuronal cell cycle re-entry (NCCR) mouse model are bitransgenic mice heterozygous for both Camk2a-tTA and TRE-SV40T. Using this tet-off system, we triggered NCCR in our animals via neuronal expression of SV40T starting at 1 month of age. TRE-SV40T Tg mice were used as SV40T transgene controls. The animals were examined at following time points: 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12 months of age. The microglia and astrocyte responses in our mice were determined by image analysis and stereology on brain sections immunofluorescently labeled using the following antibodies: Iba1, CD45, CD68, MHCII, and GFAP. Cellular senescent marker p16 was also used in this study. Results: Our NCCR mice demonstrate early and persistent activation of microglia and astrocytes. Additionally, proinflammatory and senescent microglia phenotype and brain leukocyte infiltration is present at 12 months of age. Conclusion: In the absence of FAD gene mutations, our NCCR mice simultaneously display many of the pathological changes associated with AD, such as ectopic neuronal cell cycle re-entry, Aβ and tau pathologies, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. These animals represent a promising alternative AD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H J Park
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.,Biochemistry, Cellular & Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.,Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA.,Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tomás Barrett
- Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
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12
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Alsheikh AJ, Dasinger JH, Abais-Battad JM, Fehrenbach DJ, Yang C, Cowley AW, Mattson DL. CCL2 mediates early renal leukocyte infiltration during salt-sensitive hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F982-F993. [PMID: 32150444 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00521.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies examining mechanisms of Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) hypertension have implicated the infiltration of leukocytes in the kidneys, which contribute to renal disease and elevated blood pressure. However, the signaling pathways by which leukocytes traffic to the kidneys remain poorly understood. The present study nominated a signaling pathway by analyzing a kidney RNA sequencing data set from SS rats fed either a low-salt (0.4% NaCl) diet or a high-salt (4.0% NaCl) diet. From this analysis, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) were nominated as a potential pathway modifying renal leukocyte infiltration and contributing to SS hypertension. The functional role of the CCL2/CCR2 pathway was tested by daily administration of CCR2 antagonist (RS-102895 at 5 mg·kg-1·day-1 in DMSO) or DMSO vehicle for 3 or 21 days by intraperitoneal injections during the high salt challenge. Blood pressure, renal leukocyte infiltration, and renal damage were evaluated. The results demonstrated that RS-102895 treatment ameliorated renal damage (urinary albumin excretion; 43.4 ± 5.1 vs. 114.7 ± 15.2 mg/day in vehicle, P < 0.001) and hypertension (144.3 ± 2.2 vs. 158.9 ± 4.8 mmHg in vehicle, P < 0.001) after 21 days of high-salt diet. It was determined that renal leukocyte infiltration was blunted by day 3 of the high-salt diet (1.4 ± 0.1 vs. 1.9 ± 0.2 in vehicle × 106 CD45+ cells/kidney, P = 0.034). An in vitro chemotaxis assay validated the effect of RS-102895 on leukocyte chemotaxis toward CCL2. The results suggest that increased CCL2 in SS kidneys is important in the early recruitment of leukocytes, and blockade of this recruitment by administering RS-102895 subsequently blunted the renal damage and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar J Alsheikh
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - John Henry Dasinger
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Justine M Abais-Battad
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Daniel J Fehrenbach
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Allen W Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - David L Mattson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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13
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Troullinaki M, Chen LS, Witt A, Pyrina I, Phieler J, Kourtzelis I, Chmelar J, Sprott D, Gercken B, Koutsilieris M, Chavakis T, Chatzigeorgiou A. Robo4-mediated pancreatic endothelial integrity decreases inflammation and islet destruction in autoimmune diabetes. FASEB J 2020; 34:3336-3346. [PMID: 31916652 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900125rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), leukocyte infiltration of the pancreatic islets and the resulting immune-mediated destruction of beta cells precede hyperglycemia and clinical disease symptoms. In this context, the role of the pancreatic endothelium as a barrier for autoimmunity- and inflammation-related destruction of the islets is not well studied. Here, we identified Robo4, expressed on endothelial cells, as a regulator of pancreatic vascular endothelial permeability during autoimmune diabetes. Circulating levels of Robo4 were upregulated in mice subjected to the Multiple Low-Dose Streptozotocin (MLDS) model of diabetes. Upon MLDS induction, Robo4-deficiency resulted in increased pancreatic vascular permeability, leukocyte infiltration to the islets and islet apoptosis, associated with reduced insulin levels and faster diabetes development. On the contrary, in vivo administration of Slit2 in mice modestly delayed the emergence of hyperglycaemia and ameliorated islet inflammation in MLDS-induced diabetes. Thus, Robo4-mediated endothelial barrier integrity reduces insulitis and islet destruction in autoimmune diabetes. Our findings highlight the importance of the endothelium as gatekeeper of pancreatic inflammation during T1DM development and may pave the way for novel Robo4-related therapeutic approaches for autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Troullinaki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lan-Sun Chen
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anke Witt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Iryna Pyrina
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Phieler
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ioannis Kourtzelis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jindrich Chmelar
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - David Sprott
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bettina Gercken
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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14
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Chu SH, Kelsey KT, Koestler DC, Loucks EB, Huang YT. Leveraging cell-specific differentially methylated regions to identify leukocyte infiltration in adipose tissue. Genet Epidemiol 2019; 43:1018-1029. [PMID: 31433079 PMCID: PMC6829028 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is understood to be an inflammatory condition characterized in part by changes in resident immune cell populations in adipose tissue. However, much of this knowledge has been obtained through experimental animal models. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation may be useful tools for characterizing the changes in immune cell populations in human subjects. In this study, we introduce a simple and intuitive method for assessing cellular infiltration by blood into other heterogeneous, admixed tissues such as adipose tissue, and apply this approach in a large human cohort study. Associations between higher leukocyte infiltration, measured by evaluating a distance measure between the methylation signatures of leukocytes and adipose tissue, and increasing body mass index (BMI) or android fat mass (AFM) were identified and validated in independent replication samples for CD4 (pBMI = 0.009, pAFM = 0.020), monocytes (pBMI = 0.001, pAFM = 4.3 × 10-4 ), and dendritic cells (pBMI = 0.571, pAFM = 0.012). Patterns of depletion with increasing adiposity were observed for plasma B (pBMI = 0.430, pAFM = 0.004) and immature B (pBMI = 0.022, pAFM = 0.042) cells. CD4, dendritic, monocytes, immature B, and plasma B cells may be important agents in the inflammatory process. Finally, the method used to assess leukocyte infiltration in this study is straightforwardly extended to other cell types and tissues in which infiltration might be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su H. Chu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI USA 02912
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA 02115
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA 02115
| | - Karl T. Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI USA 02912
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
| | - Devin C. Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA
| | - Eric B. Loucks
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI USA 02912
| | - Yen-Tsung Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI USA 02912
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI USA 02912
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
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15
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Lee HF, Lin JS, Chang CF. Acute Kahweol Treatment Attenuates Traumatic Brain Injury Neuroinflammation and Functional Deficits. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102301. [PMID: 31569604 PMCID: PMC6835740 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects millions worldwide with devastating long-term effects on health and cognition. Emerging data suggest that targeting the immune response may offer promising strategies to alleviate TBI outcomes; kahweol, an anti-inflammatory diterpene that remains in unfiltered coffee, has been shown to be beneficial in neuronal recovery. Here, we examined whether kahweol could alleviate brain trauma-induced injury in a mouse model of TBI and its underlying mechanisms. TBI was induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI) and various doses of kahweol were intraperitoneally administered following injury. Contusion volume, brain edema, neurobehavioral deficits, and protein expression and activity were evaluated in both short-term and long-term recovery. We found that kahweol treatments significantly reduced secondary brain injury and improved neurobehavioral outcomes in TBI mice. These changes were accompanied by the attenuation of proinflammatory cytokine secretion, decreased microglia/macrophage activation, and reduction of neutrophil and leukocyte infiltration. In addition, continuous kahweol treatment further improved short-term TBI outcomes compared to single-dosage. Collectively, our data showed that kahweol protects against TBI by reducing immune responses and may serve as a potential therapeutic intervention for TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Fu Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan.
| | - Jhih Syuan Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
| | - Che-Feng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
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16
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Li Y, Wang H, Zhang R, Zhang G, Yang Y, Liu Z. Leukemia growth is inhibited by benzoxime without causing any harmful effect in rats bearing RBL-1 ×enotransplants. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:1934-1938. [PMID: 30675257 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of benzoxime on leukemia RBL-1 cell proliferation and a leukemic Sprague-Dawley rat model. Proliferation of RBL-1 cells was determined using an MTT assay. Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly into three groups of 10 animals each, where the positive control group was administered an intravenous injection of normal saline, the negative control group was administered 1×106 RBL-1 cells and the treatment group was administered with 1×106 RBL-1 cells and then benzoxime (50 mg/kg/day) for 1 week. Increased dosage of benzoxime reduced RBL-1 cell viability from 92 at 2 µM to ٢١٪ at ١٢ µM after ٢٤ h. Benzoxime treatment prevented the loss of body weight in the rats with leukemia. Compared with the negative control rats, the body weight was determined to be significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the positive control rats. The weight of the spleen and liver was determined to be significantly increased (P<0.02) in the positive control rats and the benzoxime-treated rats compared with that in the negative control group on day 35 of RBL-1 cell implantation. Analysis of leukocytes in rats on day 35 demonstrated a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the cluster of differentiation (CD)11b and CD45 level in the positive control group compared with that in the negative control group. The level of CD11b and CD45 was determined to be similar in the rats in the benzoxime treatment and negative control groups. Analysis of the level of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and blood urea nitrogen indicated that all three components exhibited no significant changes in the rats following treatment with benzoxime compared with the component levels in the negative control group. The levels of these three components were in the normal range in rats treated with benzoxime on day 35 of cell implantation. These data demonstrated that the liver and kidneys are not influenced by benzoxime in rats with leukemia. In summary, the present study demonstrated that benzoxime efficiently prevents leukemia growth without inducing any harmful effects in rat models through targeting CD11b and CD45 level; thus, benzoxime should be evaluated further regarding its use in the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Li
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110021, P.R. China
| | - Huihan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110021, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110021, P.R. China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110021, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110021, P.R. China
| | - Zhuogang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110021, P.R. China
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17
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Benakis C, Llovera G, Liesz A. The meningeal and choroidal infiltration routes for leukocytes in stroke. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2018; 11:1756286418783708. [PMID: 29977343 PMCID: PMC6024265 DOI: 10.1177/1756286418783708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major health burden as it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Blood flow restoration, through thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy, is the only effective treatment but is restricted to a limited proportion of patients due to time window constraint and accessibility to technology. Over the past two decades, research has investigated the basic mechanisms that lead to neuronal death following cerebral ischemia. However, the use of neuroprotective paradigms in stroke has been marked by failure in translation from experimental research to clinical practice. In the past few years, much attention has focused on the immune response to acute cerebral ischemia as a major factor to the development of brain lesions and neurological deficits. Key inflammatory processes after stroke include the activation of resident glial cells as well as the invasion of circulating leukocytes. Recent research on anti-inflammatory strategies for stroke has focused on limiting the transendothelial migration of peripheral immune cells from the compromised vasculature into the brain parenchyma. However, recent trials testing the blockage of cerebral leukocyte infiltration in patients reported inconsistent results. This emphasizes the need to better scrutinize how immune cells are regulated at the blood-brain interface and enter the brain parenchyma, and particularly to also consider alternative cerebral infiltration routes for leukocytes, including the meninges and the choroid plexus. Understanding how immune cells migrate to the brain via these alternative pathways has the potential to develop more effective approaches for anti-inflammatory stroke therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Benakis
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Medical Center Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Gemma Llovera
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Medical Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Medical Center Munich, Munich, Germany Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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18
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Shih CC, Hwang HR, Chang CI, Su HM, Chen PC, Kuo HM, Li PJ, Wang HMD, Tsui KH, Lin YC, Huang SY, Wen ZH. Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Effects of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of an Edible Red Macroalgae Sarcodia ceylanica. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112437. [PMID: 29149031 PMCID: PMC5713404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research so far has only shown that edible red macroalgae, Sarcodia ceylanica has the ability to eliminate free radicals and anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial properties. This study was conducted both in vitro and in vivo on the ethyl acetate extract (PD1) of farmed red macroalgae in order to explore its anti-inflammatory properties. In order to study the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of PD1, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammatory responses in murine macrophages. For evaluating the potential in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of PD1, we used carrageenan-induced rat paw edema to produce inflammatory pain. The in vitro results indicated that PD1 inhibited the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory protein, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in macrophages. Oral PD1 can reduce carrageenan-induced paw edema and inflammatory nociception. PD1 can significantly inhibit carrageenan-induced leukocyte infiltration, as well as the protein expression of inflammatory mediators (iNOS, interleukin-1β, and myeloperoxidase) in inflammatory tissue. The above results indicated that PD1 has great potential to be turned into a functional food or used in the development of new anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agents. The results from this study are expected to help scientists in the continued development of Sarcodia ceylanica for other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Chih Shih
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
- Department of Marketing and Distribution Management, Fortune Institute of Technology, Kaohsiung 83158, Taiwan.
| | - Hwong-Ru Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung 90059, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-I Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Huei-Meei Su
- Tungkang Biotechnology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Pingtung 92845, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chin Chen
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Mei Kuo
- Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Jyuan Li
- Marine Biomedical Laboratory and Center for Translational Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China.
| | - Kuan-Hao Tsui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Shi-Ying Huang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China.
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou 362000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources Biotechnology (Quanzhou Normal University), Fujian Province University, Quanzhou 362000, China.
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
- Marine Biomedical Laboratory and Center for Translational Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natalizumab, a well-characterized treatment for multiple sclerosis, is a humanized antibody against alpha-4 integrin (CD49d) that mitigates the transmigration of leukocytes across the endothelium. Although numerous experimental studies have evaluated the efficacy of anti-CD49d antibody treatment for ischemic stroke, discrepancies in their results have raised concerns about the benefits of this approach. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the main experimental studies on the blockage of CD49d and identifies the potential underlying causes for their inconclusive results. Despite these divergences and the difficulties in translation of experimental studies, a phase II clinical trial has recently been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of natalizumab in stroke patients (ACTION trial). Preliminary results of the trial are also discussed here, together with a general overview of the emerged importance of the neuroprotective strategies based on the mitigation of post-stroke neuroinflammation. Expert commentary: Despite natalizumab showing positive effects on functional outcome similar to what was found in experimental models, a better understanding of how this happens without reducing the infarct volume requires further research. Therefore, new clinical trials are needed to confirm its neuroprotectant role in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Simats
- a Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (VHIR) , Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Teresa García-Berrocoso
- a Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (VHIR) , Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Joan Montaner
- a Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (VHIR) , Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.,b Stroke Programme , Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) , Seville , Spain
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20
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Abstract
Epilepsy, which affects about 1 % of the population worldwide, leads to poor prognosis and increased morbidity. However, effective drugs providing satisfactory control on seizure relapse were rare, which encouraged more etiological studies. Whether inflammation is one of key events underlying seizure is in debate. In order to explore the role of inflammatory in the pathogenesis and development of epilepsy, we conducted intra-caudal vein injection of leukocytes to aggravated brain inflammatory process in kainic acid-induced seizure model in this study. The results showed that intravenous administration of activated leukocytes increased the frequency and reduced the latent phase of seizure recurrences in rat models of epileptic seizure, during which leukocyte inflammation, brain-blood barrier damage, and neuron injury were also significantly aggravated, indicating that leukocyte infiltration might facilitate seizure recurrence through aggravating brain inflammation, brain-blood barrier damage, and neuron injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanhua Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Suping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinjie Liu
- NO.2 VIP ward, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Shanghai First People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yongbo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Shanghai First People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
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Labrada M, Pablos I, Prete F, Hevia G, Clavell M, Benvenuti F, Fernández LE. Induction of leukocyte infiltration at metastatic site mediates the protective effect of NGcGM3-based vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:2312-20. [PMID: 25424937 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While the NGcGM3/VSSP vaccine, a preparation consisting in very small sized proteoliposomes (VSSP) obtained by the incorporation of the NGcGM3 ganglioside into the outer membrane protein (OMP) complex of Neisseria meningitides, is currently studied in late stage clinical trials in breast cancer and melanoma patients, mechanisms involved in the vaccine's antitumor effect are insufficiently understood. Here we have addressed the role of adaptive and innate immune cells in mediating the protective effect of the vaccine. To this aim we selected the 3LL-D122 Lewis lung spontaneous metastasis model. Unexpectedly, inoculation of the vaccine in tumor bearing C57BL/6 mice, either by subcutaneous (sc) or intraperitoneal (ip) routes, induced similar anti-metastatic effect. Regardless the T-independent nature of NGcGM3 ganglioside as antigen, the antimetastatic effect of NGcGM3/VSSP is dependent on CD4(+) T cells. In a further step we found that the vaccine was able to promote the increase, maturation, and cytokine secretion of conventional DCs and the maturation of Bone Marrow-derived plasmacytoid DCs. In line with this result the in vivo IFNα serum level in ip vaccinated mice increased as soon as 2h after treatment. On the other hand the infiltration of NK1.1(+)CD3(-) and NK1.1(+)CD3(+) cells in lungs of vaccinated mice was significantly increased, compared with the presence of these cells in control animal lungs. In the same way NGcGM3/VSSP mobilized acquired immunity effector cells into the lungs of vaccinated tumor bearing mice. Finally and not less noteworthy, leukocyte infiltration in lungs of tumor bearing mice correlates with vaccine induced inhibition of lung metastization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayrel Labrada
- a Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM); Immunobiology Division; Atabey; Havana Cuba
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Al-Banna NA, Toguri JT, Kelly MEM, Lehmann C. Leukocyte-endothelial interactions within the ocular microcirculation in inflammation and infection. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2014; 55:423-43. [PMID: 24113507 DOI: 10.3233/ch-131780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte-endothelial interactions within the microvasculature represent a hallmark of inflammation regardless of whether the inflammation results from non-infectious or infectious triggers. In this review, we highlight features of leukocyte recruitment in ocular disease and postulate mechanisms by which the infiltrating cells may lead to the progression of the ocular inflammatory response, including cytokine and chemokine production, T cell or non-T cell responses. Additionally, ex-vivo and in vivo methods used to study the general features of the immune response are discussed, with a specific focus on intravital imaging, which allows real-time non-invasive examination of leukocyte-endothelial interactions in the ocular microvasculature. At the present time there are still significant gaps in our understanding of the process of leukocyte recruitment in vivo in different microvascular beds. Further studies using non-invasive imaging approaches, such as intravital microscopy, provide an opportunity to study dynamic tissue-specific leukocyte-endothelial interactions in vivo and identify novel targets for early intervention in the inflammatory process. This knowledge is essential to the rational use of therapeutics to resolve inflammation in ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Al-Banna
- Department of Anesthesia, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - J T Toguri
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - M E M Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ch Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Michlmayr D, Lim JK. Chemokine receptors as important regulators of pathogenesis during arboviral encephalitis. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:264. [PMID: 25324719 PMCID: PMC4179766 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is a highly complex network comprising long-lived neurons and glial cells. Accordingly, numerous mechanisms have evolved to tightly regulate the initiation of inflammatory responses within the brain. Under neuroinflammatory conditions, as in the case of viral encephalitides, the infiltration of leukocytes is often required for efficient viral clearance and recovery. The orchestration of leukocyte migration into the inflamed CNS is largely coordinated by a large family of chemotactic cytokines and their receptors. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding of how chemokines promote protection or pathogenesis during arbovirus induced encephalitis, focusing on neurotropic flaviviruses and alphaviruses. Furthermore, we will highlight the latest developments in chemokine and chemokine receptor based drugs that could have potential as therapeutics and have been shown to play a pivotal role in shaping the outcome of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Michlmayr
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Jean K Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
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Fakhari S, Abdolmohammadi K, Panahi Y, Nikkhoo B, Peirmohammadi H, Rahmani MR, Moghadam AS, Jalili A. Glycyrrhizin attenuates tissue injury and reduces neutrophil accumulation in experimental acute pancreatitis. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2013; 7:101-109. [PMID: 24427330 PMCID: PMC3885464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte infiltration and acinar cell injury are characteristic features of acute pancreatitis (AP). However, the signaling pathways regulating inflammation and accumulation of leukocytes into pancreas tissue remains poorly elucidated. In the current study, we investigated the effects of Glycyrrhizin (GZ) on cerulein-induced AP in mice. AP was induced in male C57BL/6 by intraperitoneal injection of 50 μg/kg cerulein hourly, with a total of 7 times. 1 hour after the last injection of cerulean, mice were treated with either 35 or 70 mg/kg of GZ. Serum amylases and lipases were measured using automated chromogenic assay, MCP-1 and MIP-2 concentrations were measured in the serum by ELISA, and the number of infiltrated inflammatory cells in the pancreas were evaluated by flow cytometry. We found that GZ treatment resulted in reduction (i) both amylase and lipase activities, (ii) the serum levels of both MCP-1 and MIP-2; and (iii) markedly attenuated cerulein-induced histopathological alternations and water contents. Furthermore, we observed that GZ significantly decreased the number of infiltrated monocytes and neutrophils into the pancreas tissue. In conclusion, we demonstrate that GZ attenuates AP signs and inhibits inflammatory cell recruitments into pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Fakhari
- Kurdistan Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandaj, Iran
| | - Kamal Abdolmohammadi
- Department of Immunology & Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandaj, Iran
| | - Yaser Panahi
- Department of Immunology & Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandaj, Iran
| | - Bahram Nikkhoo
- Kurdistan Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandaj, Iran
| | - Hossein Peirmohammadi
- Kurdistan Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rahmani
- Department of Immunology & Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Ali Jalili
- Kurdistan Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandaj, Iran
- Department of Immunology & Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandaj, Iran
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Abstract
Murine CCR5(-/-) recipients produce high titers of antibody to complete MHC-mismatched heart and renal allografts. To study mechanisms of class I MHC antibody-mediated allograft injury, we tested the rejection of heart allografts transgenically expressing a single class I MHC disparity in wild-type C57BL/6 (H-2(b)) and B6.CCR5(-/-) recipients. Donor-specific antibody titers in CCR5(-/-) recipients were 30-fold higher than in wild-type recipients. B6.K(d) allografts survived longer than 60 days in wild-type recipients whereas CCR5(-/-) recipients rejected all allografts within 14 days. Rejection was accompanied by infiltration of CD8 T cells, neutrophils and macrophages, and C4d deposition in the graft capillaries. B6.K(d) allografts were rejected by CD8(-/-)/CCR5(-/-), but not μMT(-/-)/CCR5(-/-), recipients indicating the need for antibody but not CD8 T cells. Grafts recovered at day 10 from CCR5(-/-) and CD8(-/-)/CCR5(-/-) recipients and from RAG-1(-/-) allograft recipients injected with anti-K(d) antibodies expressed high levels of perforin, myeloperoxidase and CCL5 mRNA. These studies indicate that the continual production of antidonor class I MHC antibody can mediate allograft rejection, that donor-reactive CD8 T cells synergize with the antibody to contribute to rejection, and that expression of three biomarkers during rejection can occur in the absence of this CD8 T cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hattori
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - R. Pat Bucy
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Yoshinobu Kubota
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - William M. Baldwin
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106,Address Correspondence to: Robert L. Fairchild, Ph.D., NB3-79, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195 Tel: 216-444-3146; FAX: 216-444-8372;
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Zhang WJ, Wei H, Tien YT, Frei B. Genetic ablation of phagocytic NADPH oxidase in mice limits TNFα-induced inflammation in the lungs but not other tissues. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1517-25. [PMID: 21376114 PMCID: PMC3090478 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and limited in vivo evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species derived from NADPH oxidases (NOX-ROS) play an important role in inflammatory responses by enhancing the activity of redox-sensitive cell signaling pathways and transcription factors. Here, we investigated the role of NOX-ROS in TNFα-induced acute inflammatory responses in vivo, using mice deficient in the gp91(phox) (NOX2) or p47(phox) subunits of NADPH oxidase. Age- and body weight-matched C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and gp91(phox) or p47(phox) knockout mice were injected intraperitoneally with 50 μg TNFα/kg bw or saline vehicle control and sacrificed at various time points up to 24 h. Compared to WT mice, gp91(phox -/-) mice exhibited significantly diminished (P<0.05) TNFα-induced acute inflammatory responses in the lungs but not other tissues, including heart, liver, and kidney, as evidenced by decreased activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB, and decreased gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, TNFα, E-selectin, and other cellular adhesion molecules. Similar results were observed in p47(phox -/-) mice. Interestingly, decreased lung inflammation in knockout mice was accompanied by increased leukocyte infiltration into the lungs compared to other tissues. Our data suggest that phagocytic NOX-ROS signaling plays a critical role in promoting TNFα-induced, NF-κB-dependent acute inflammatory responses and tissue injury specifically in the lungs, which is effected by preferential leukocyte infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Zhang
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to: Wei-Jian Zhang and Balz Frei, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 571 Weniger Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, Phone: (541) 737-5075, FAX: (541) 737-5077, and
| | - Hao Wei
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Ying-Tzang Tien
- Histopathology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed to: Wei-Jian Zhang and Balz Frei, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 571 Weniger Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, Phone: (541) 737-5075, FAX: (541) 737-5077, and
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27
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Loftspring MC, McDole J, Lu A, Clark JF, Johnson AJ. Intracerebral hemorrhage leads to infiltration of several leukocyte populations with concomitant pathophysiological changes. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2009; 29:137-43. [PMID: 18827833 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2008.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a stroke subtype with high rates of mortality and morbidity. The immune system, particularly complement and cytokine signaling, has been implicated in brain injury after ICH. However, the cellular immunology associated with ICH has been understudied. In this report, we use flow cytometry to quantitatively profile immune cell populations that infiltrate the brain 1 and 4 days post-ICH. At 1 day CD45(hi) GR-1(+) cells were increased 2.0-fold compared with saline controls (P<or=0.05); however, we did not observe changes in any other cell populations analyzed. At 4 days ICH mice presented with a 2.4-fold increase in CD45(hi) cells, a 1.9-fold increase in CD45(hi) GR-1(-) cells, a 3.4-fold increase in CD45(hi) GR-1(+) cells, and most notably, a 1.7-fold increase in CD4(+) cells (P<or=0.05 for all groups), compared with control mice. We did not observe changes in the numbers of CD8(+) cells or CD45(lo) GR-1(-) cells (P=0.43 and 0.49, respectively). Thus, we have shown the first use of flow cytometry to analyze leukocyte infiltration in response to ICH. Our finding of a CD4 T-cell infiltrate is novel and suggests a role for the adaptive immune system in the response to ICH.
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Sun B, Sun Z, Jin Q, Chen X. CO-releasing molecules (CORM-2)-liberated CO attenuates leukocytes infiltration in the renal tissue of thermally injured mice. Int J Biol Sci 2008; 4:176-83. [PMID: 18566696 PMCID: PMC2430988 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the CO-releasing molecule -liberated CO attenuates infiltration of leukocytes in the renal tissue of thermally injured mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight mice were assigned to four groups. Mice in sham group (n=7) were underwent sham thermal injury, whereas mice in burn group (n=7) received 15% total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness thermal injury. Mice in burn+CORM-2 group (n=7) underwent thermal injury followed by immediate administration of CORM-2 (8mg/kg, i.v.), whereas mice in burn+iCORM-2 group (n=7) underwent thermal injury followed by administration of iCORM-2 (an inactive compound used as negative control). Histological alterations and granulocytes infiltration in kidney were assessed alongised PMN accumulation, activation of NF-kBeta, expressions of ICAM-1 and HO-1 expression in renal tissues. RESULTS Treatment of thermally injured mice with CORM-2 significantly attenuated PMN accumulation and prevented activation of NF-kBeta in the kidney. This was accompanied by a decrease of the expression of ICAM-1 and an increase in HO-1 expression. In parallel, burn-induced granulocytes infiltration in renal tissue was markedly decreased by treatment with CORM-2. CONCLUSIONS CO delivered by CORM-2 attenuates leukocytes infiltration in the kidney of burned mice by interfering with NF-kBeta activation, protein expression of ICAM-1 and therefore suppressing endothelial cells pro-adhesive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Sun
- Department of Burns, Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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29
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Mangas A, Coveñas R, Bodet D, de León M, Duleu S, Geffard M. Evaluation of the effects of a new drug candidate (GEMSP) in a chronic EAE model. Int J Biol Sci 2008; 4:150-60. [PMID: 18563199 PMCID: PMC2407579 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in rats to evaluate a new drug candidate (GEMSP) for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. This work is a part of preclinical studies on GEMSP, which is made up of fatty acids, vitamins and amino acids or their derivatives; all these compounds were linked to Poly-L-Lysine. In order to evaluate the effects of GEMSP, animals were divided into three experimental groups: 1) EAE rats treated with GEMSP; 2) EAE rats treated with NaCl; and 3) non-EAE rats. Using immunocytochemical techniques with a pan-leukocyte marker (anti-CD 45), differential leukocyte infiltration was compared in the central nervous systems of the different experimental groups. Antibodies directed against a component of GEMSP, the conjugated methionine, were used in all three groups. We found that: 1) GEMSP was effective in abolishing EAE. The crises and clinical scores were completely abolished in the animals of the first group, but not in the animals belonging to the second group; 2) the degree of leukocyte infiltration varied, depending on the different EAE stages, but was not related to the clinical score; and 3) after using anti-conjugated methionine antibodies, we observed immunoreactivity only in the motoneurons of the ventral horn of the spinal cord in the animals of the first group. This immunoreactivity was not found in the animals of the second or third groups. No methionine immunoreactivity was found in the brain. Our results suggest that GEMSP may be a potential drug candidate against the pathogenic processes involved in multiple sclerosis, inhibiting EAE episodes and brain leukocyte infiltration. Our results also show that one component of GEMSP, the methionine compound, is stored inside motoneurons. The possible physiological actions of GEMSP on spinal cord motoneurons are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mangas
- Gemac S.A., Immunochemistry Department, Saint Jean d'Illac, France.
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Toward TJ, Broadley KJ. Airway reactivity, inflammatory cell influx and nitric oxide in guinea-pig airways after lipopolysaccharide inhalation. Br J Pharmacol 2000; 131:271-81. [PMID: 10991920 PMCID: PMC1572332 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2000] [Revised: 04/27/2000] [Accepted: 07/07/2000] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between airway reactivity, leukocyte influx and nitric oxide (NO), in conscious guinea-pigs after aerosolized lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. 2. Inhaled histamine (1 mM, 20 s), causing no bronchoconstriction before LPS exposure (30 microg ml(-1), 1 h), caused bronchoconstriction at 0.5 and 1 h (P:<0.02) after LPS exposure. This airway hyperreactivity (AHR) recovered by 2 h. In contrast, 48 h after LPS exposure, the response from a previously bronchoconstrictor dose of histamine (3 mM, 20 s) was attenuated (P:<0.01) i.e. airway hyporeactivity (AHOR). 3. Investigation of the cellular content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from these animals revealed a rapid (0.5 h: 691 fold increase) and progressive neutrophil influx after LPS exposure (24 h: 36.3+/-2.3x10(6) cells per sample), that subsided 48 h later. Macrophages and eosinophils also time-dependently increased (0.5 h: 4.6+/-0.4 and 0.1+/-0.05; 48 h: 31.0+/-6.0 and 1.8+/-0.3x10(6) cells per sample, respectively) after LPS, compared to vehicle exposure (24 h: neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages: 0.28+/-0.19, 0.31+/-0.04 and 4.96+/-0. 43x10(6) cells per sample, respectively). 4. The combined NO metabolites in BALF, after vehicle (1 h), or LPS (1 h: AHR and 48 h: AHOR) exposure, were respectively increased (41%, P:<0.01), decreased (47%, P:<0.01) and further increased (80%, P:<0.001), compared with naïve animals. 5. Inhaled N(o)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME: 1.2 and 12 mM, 15 min), reduced BALF NO metabolites 2 h later, but did not cause AHR to histamine (P:>0.05). When L-NAME inhalation followed LPS, AHR was prolonged from 1 h to at least 4 h (P:<0.01). 6. In summary, aerosolized LPS inhalation caused neutrophil and macrophage airways infiltration, and an early development of AHR followed 48 h later by AHOR to histamine. AHR and AHOR coincided with a respective reduction and elevation in airways NO (metabolites). Thus, NO may aid recovery from AHR, as inhibition of its production prolongs AHR. However, NO deficiency alone is not responsible for LPS-induced AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby J Toward
- Division of Pharmacology, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cathays Park, Cardiff, CF10 3XF
| | - Kenneth J Broadley
- Division of Pharmacology, Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cathays Park, Cardiff, CF10 3XF
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31
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Danahay H, Broadley KJ. Effects of inhibitors of phosphodiesterase, on antigen-induced bronchial hyperreactivity in conscious sensitized guinea-pigs and airway leukocyte infiltration. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 120:289-97. [PMID: 9117122 PMCID: PMC1564374 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0700901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of inhibitors of phosphodiesterase (PDE) on the early and late phase bronchoconstriction in sensitized, conscious guinea-pigs and the subsequent development of acute airway hyperreactivity to the inhaled thromboxane mimetic, U46619, and leukocyte infiltration following ovalbumin (OvA) challenge. 2. Following an inhalation challenge with OvA, there was an early bronchoconstriction which peaked at 15 min with recovery after 3-4 h. A late phase bronchoconstriction occurred between 17 and 24 h after challenge. The PDE 4 inhibitors, Ro 20-1724 (3 mg kg-1, i.p.) and rolipram (1 mg kg-1, i.p.) administered 30 min before and 6 h after antigen challenge (double dosing regimen), did not affect the development of the early or late phase responses. 3. Seventeen to twenty four hours following an acute OvA or saline challenge, a consistently greater bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled U46619 was observed in the OvA challenged group. This increase in responsiveness was significantly attenuated by the administration of Ro 20-1724 and rolipram 30 min before and 6 h after antigen challenge (P < 0.05); this was not attributable to a residual bronchodilator effect of these compounds. There was a trend towards inhibition of the hyperreactivity to U46619 by aminophylline but not by the PDE3 inhibitors, siguazodan or SKF 95654. 4. Aminophylline, rolipram and Ro 20-1724 when administered as the double dose regimen attenuated the rise in macrophages, eosinophils and neutrophils recovered in bronchial lavage fluid 17 to 24 h after antigen challenge. 5. The dose of Ro 20-1724 given at 6 h post challenge was essential for attenuation of airway hyperreactivity and to protect against leukocyte influx. 6. In summary, aminophylline, rolipram and Ro 20-1724 have anti-inflammatory effects against antigen-induced airway leukocyte infiltration. Rolipram and Ro 20-1724 additionally attenuated the development of acute airway hyperreactivity, effects which are probably mediated through inhibition of PDE type 4. A dose of PDE inhibitor 6 h after the antigen challenge appears to be essential to achieve this protection. Inhibitors of PDE type 3 were generally without effect. However, there was no effect of rolipram or Ro 20-1724 on the development of either the early or late phase type responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Danahay
- Pharmacology Department, Welsh School of Pharmacy, University of Wales Cardiff
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