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Liu H, Tan S, Wang Z, Chen Y, Yue J, Wang D, Huang G, Wang J, Pan F. Binary Mg-1 at%Gd alloy anode for high-performance rechargeable magnesium batteries. ChemSusChem 2024; 17:e202301589. [PMID: 38143242 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) become a highly promising candidate for the large-scale energy storage system by right of the high volumetric capacity, intrinsic safety and abundant resources of Mg anode. However, the uneven Mg stripping and large overpotential will cause a severe pitting perforation and the followed failure of Mg anode. Herein, we proposed a high-performance binary Mg-1 at% Gd alloy anode prepared by the melting and hot extrusion. The introduction of 1 at% Gd element can effectively reduce the Mg2+ diffusion energy barrier (0.34 eV) on alloy surface and induces the formation of a robust and low-resistance electrolyte/anode interphase, thus enabling a uniform and fast Mg plating/stripping. As a result, the Mg-1 at.% Gd anode displays a largely enhanced life of 220 h and a low overpotential of 213 mV at a high current density of 5.0 mA cm-2 with 2.5 mAh cm-2 . Moreover, the assembled Mg-1 at.% Gd//Mo6 S8 full cell delivers a high rate performance (73.5 mAh g-1 at 5 C) and ultralong cycling stability of 8000 cycles at 5 C. This work brings new insights to design the new-type and practical Mg alloy anodes for commercial RMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Tan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Zhongting Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jili Yue
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Guangsheng Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Fusheng Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
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Huang X, Tao K, Han T, Li J, Zhang H, Hu C, Niu J, Liu J. Long-Cycling-Life Sodium-Ion Battery Using Binary Metal Sulfide Hybrid Nanocages as Anode. Small 2023; 19:e2302706. [PMID: 37246262 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Due to the relatively high capacity and lower cost, transition metal sulfides (TMS) as anode show promising potential in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, a binary metal sulfide hybrid consisting of carbon encapsulated CoS/Cu2 S nanocages (CoS/Cu2 S@C-NC) is constructed. The interlocked hetero-architecture filled with conductive carbon accelerates the Na+ /e- transfer, thus leading to improved electrochemical kinetics. Also the protective carbon layer can provide better volume accommondation upon charging/discharging. As a result, the battery with CoS/Cu2 S@C-NC as anode displays a high capacity of 435.3 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles at 2.0 A g-1 (≈3.4 C). Under a higher rate of 10.0 A g-1 (≈17 C), a capacity of as high as 347.2 mAh g-1 is still remained after long 2300 cycles. The capacity decay per cycle is only 0.017%. The battery also exhibits a better temperature tolerance at 50 and -5 °C. A low internal impedance analyzed by X-ray diffraction patterns and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, narrow band gap, and high density of states obtained by first-principle calculations of the binary sulfides, ensure the rapid Na+ /e- transport. The long-cycling-life SIB using binary metal sulfide hybrid nanocages as anode shows promising applications in versatile electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids of the Ministry of Education, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Kehao Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tianli Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids of the Ministry of Education, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Huigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chaoquan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Niu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Jinyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids of the Ministry of Education, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, P. R. China
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3
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Kang Q, Zhuang Z, Liu Y, Liu Z, Li Y, Sun B, Pei F, Zhu H, Li H, Li P, Lin Y, Shi K, Zhu Y, Chen J, Shi C, Zhao Y, Jiang P, Xia Y, Wang D, Huang X. Engineering the Structural Uniformity of Gel Polymer Electrolytes via Pattern-Guided Alignment for Durable, Safe Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2303460. [PMID: 37269455 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin and super-toughness gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are the key enabling technology for durable, safe, and high-energy density solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) but extremely challenging. However, GPEs with limited uniformity and continuity exhibit an uneven Li+ flux distribution, leading to nonuniform deposition. Herein, a fiber patterning strategy for developing and engineering ultrathin (16 µm) fibrous GPEs with high ionic conductivity (≈0.4 mS cm-1 ) and superior mechanical toughness (≈613%) for durable and safe SSLMBs is proposed. The special patterned structure provides fast Li+ transport channels and tailoring solvation structure of traditional LiPF6 -based carbonate electrolyte, enabling rapid ionic transfer kinetics and uniform Li+ flux, and boosting stability against Li anodes, thus realizing ultralong Li plating/stripping in the symmetrical cell over 3000 h at 1.0 mA cm-2 , 1.0 mAh cm-2 . Moreover, the SSLMBs with high LiFePO4 loading of 10.58 mg cm-2 deliver ultralong stable cycling life over 1570 cycles at 1.0 C with 92.5% capacity retention and excellent rate capacity of 129.8 mAh g-1 at 5.0 C with a cut-off voltage of 4.2 V (100% depth-of-discharge). Patterned GPEs systems are powerful strategies for producing durable and safe SSLMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Kang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zechao Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Yijie Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhenhui Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Bin Sun
- College of Electronics and Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Weihai Innovation Research Institute of Qingdao University, Weihai, 264200, China
| | - Fei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Han Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pengli Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kunming Shi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yingke Zhu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chaoqun Shi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pingkai Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yongyao Xia
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xingyi Huang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Wang X, Wang Y, Ma H, Wang Z, Xu X, Huang X. Solid Silicon Nanosheet Sandwiched by Self-Assembled Honeycomb Silicon Nanosheets Enabling Long Life at High Current Density for a Lithium-Ion Battery Anode. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:15409-15419. [PMID: 36924036 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A two-dimensional silicon nanosheet (2D Si NS) is promising as a lithium-ion battery anode. However, insufficient cycling life at high current density hampers its practical applications due to its easy fragileness. Rationally engineering the Si micro/nanostructure is promising to address this issue. Unfortunately, the precise construction of a dedicated micro/nanostructure into 2D Si NS meets serious challenges. Herein, a facile strategy is developed to synthesize a sandwich-like honeycomb Si NS/solid Si NS/honeycomb Si NS (h/s/h-Si NS) anode through self-assembled preparation of a sandwich-like honeycomb SiO2 NS/solid SiO2 NS/honeycomb SiO2 NS template, followed by magnesiothermic reduction. This unique structure effectively enhances the mechanical strength, enlarges the specific surface area, and reserves sufficient space to accommodate the anode volume change. A conductive carbon layer is further coated on the h/s/h-Si NS (h/s/h-Si@C NS) to construct a stable electrode/electrolyte interface. The optimal h/s/h-Si@C NS displays outstanding performance with high initial Coulombic efficiency (86%), high reversible capacity (1624 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 1000 mA g-1), good rate capability (over 1000 mAh g-1 at 4000 mA g-1), and long cycling life even at 4000 mA g-1 (93% retained capacity after 1000 cycles). This work provides a new strategy for constructing high-performance Si electrodes for lithium-ion battery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Ma
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xia Xu
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
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Hu P, Luo X, Hu T, Chen S, Li D, Chen Y, Li F. Ethanol Solvent Used in Constructing Ultra-Low-Temperature Zinc-Ion Capacitors with a Long Cycling Life. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:5180-5190. [PMID: 36656080 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs) gain enormous attraction for their high power density, low cost, and long life, but their poor low-temperature performance is still a challenge due to the dissatisfactory freezing point of aqueous electrolyte solution. It is difficult for them to meet the requirements in cold environments as well as the extreme low temperature and severe temperature fluctuations in aerospace environments. Herein, ethanol (EtOH) solvent with ZnCl2 is used as an electrolyte to address these issues. Benefiting from the low freezing point (-114 °C) of EtOH, the ZIC with the ZnCl2/EtOH electrolyte can be operated at an ultralow temperature of -78 °C. It also demonstrates long cycling stability over 30,000 cycles. Such an enhancement is attributed to the unique properties of [ZnCl(EtOH)5]+ that can stabilize the coordination environment of Zn2+, slow the diffusivity, and raise the nucleation overpotential, leading to uniform Zn plating/stripping and subsequently suppressing dendrite growth. Meanwhile, the lower activation energy in ZnCl2/EtOH than that in ZnSO4/H2O electrolytes endows the ZIC excellent charge transfer properties. This work provides a fascinating electrolyte and a feasible pathway for ultra-low-temperature ZICs with a long cycling life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyun Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan528000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou570228, China
| | - Xianyou Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan528000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou570228, China
| | - Tianzhao Hu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, China
| | - Shaorui Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230052, China
| | - De Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou570228, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan528000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Utilization of Si-Zr-Ti Resources, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Road, Haikou570228, China
| | - Feng Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230052, China
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Guo C, Liu Z, Han K, Zhang L, Ding X, Wang X, Mai L. Nano-Sized Niobium Tungsten Oxide Anode for Advanced Fast-Charge Lithium-Ion Batteries. Small 2022; 18:e2107365. [PMID: 35106930 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The further demand for electric vehicles and smart grids prompts that the comprehensive function of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been improved greatly. However, due to sluggish Li+ diffusion rate, thermal runway and volume expansion, the commercial graphite as an important part of LIBs is not suitable for fast-charging. Herein, nano-sized Nb14 W3 O44 blocks are effectively synthesized as a fast-charge anode material. The nano-sized structure provides shorter Li+ diffusion pathway in the solid phase than micro-sized materials by several orders of magnitude, corresponding to accelerating the Li+ diffusion rate, which is beneficial for fast-charge characteristics. Consequently, Nb14 W3 O44 displays excellent long-term cycling life (135 mAh g-1 over 1000 cycles at 10 C) and rate capability at ultra-high current density (≈103.9 mAh g-1 , 100 C) in half-cells. In situ X-ray diffraction and Raman combined with scanning electron microscopy clearly confirms the stability of crystal and microstructure. Furthermore, the fabricated Nb14 W3 O44 ||LiFePO4 full cells exhibit a remarkable power density and demonstrate a reversible specific capacity. The pouch cell delivers long cycling life (the capacity retention is as high as 96.6% at 10 C after 5000 cycles) and high-safety performance. Therefore, nano-sized Nb14 W3 O44 could be recognized as a promising fast-charge anode toward next-generation practical LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ziang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Kang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Liuyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xuanpeng Wang
- Department of Physical Science & Technology, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu hydrogen Valley, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu hydrogen Valley, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
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Zhang SY, Zhou YN, Yu L, Fan M, Chen WP, Xin S, Yin YX, Xu S, Guo YG. O3-Type Na 2/3Ni 1/3Ti 2/3O 2 Layered Oxide as a Stable and High-Rate Anode Material for Sodium Storage. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:677-683. [PMID: 34939409 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are currently the most promising candidates for large-scale energy storage devices owing to their low cost and abundant resources. Titanium-based layered oxides have attracted widespread attention as promising anode materials due to delivering a safe potential of about 0.7 V (vs Na+/Na) and a small volume contraction during cycles; P2-type Ti-based layered oxides are typically reported, due to the challenging synthesis of the O3-type counterpart resulting from the high percentage of unstable Ti3+. Herein, we report an anomalous O3-Na2/3Ni1/3Ti2/3O2 layered oxide as an ultrastable and high-rate anode material for SIBs. The anode material delivers a reversible capacity of 112 mA h g-1 after 300 cycles at 0.1 C, a good capacity retention rate of 91% after 1400 cycles at 2 C, and, in particular, a capacity of 52 mA h g-1 even at a high rate of 20 C (1780 mA g-1). Furthermore, the in situ X-ray diffraction monitoring reveals no phase transitions and almost zero strain both underlie the good long-cycle stability. The measured high apparent Na+ diffusion coefficient (2.06 × 10-10 cm2 s-1) and the low migration energy barrier (0.59 eV) from density functional theory calculations are responsible for the superior rate capability. Our results promise advanced high-performance O3-type Ti-based layered oxides as promising anode materials toward application for SIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lianzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wan-Ping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sen Xin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ya-Xia Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sailong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu-Guo Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
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Zhong F, Xu A, Zeng Q, Wang Y, Li G, Xu Z, Yan Y, Wu S. Confining MoSe 2 Nanosheets into N-Doped Hollow Porous Carbon Microspheres for Fast-Charged and Long-Life Potassium-Ion Storage. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:59882-59891. [PMID: 34894648 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The potassium-ion battery (PIB) is the most promising alternative to a lithium-ion battery (LIB). Exploitation of a suitable electrode material is crucial to promote the development of PIBs. The MoSe2 material has attracted much attention due to its high theoretical capacity, unique layered structure, and good conductivity. However, the potassium storage property of MoSe2 has been suffering from structural fragmentation and sluggish reaction kinetic caused by large potassium ions upon insertion/extraction, which needs to be further improved. Herein, the MoSe2 nanosheets are confined into N-doped hollow porous carbon microspheres (MoSe2@N-HCS) by spray drying and high-temperature selenization. It delivers a superior rate performance of 113.7 mAh g-1 at 10 A g-1 and remains at a high capacity of 158.3 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1 even after 16 700 cycles for PIBs. The excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to unique structure, N-doping, and robust chemical bonds. The storage mechanism of MoSe2 for potassium ions was explored. The outstanding properties of MoSe2@N-HCS make it a promising anode material for PIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulan Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510641, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, Guangzhou510641, China
| | - Anding Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510641, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510641, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, Guangzhou510641, China
| | - Guilan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510641, China
| | - Zhiguang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Yurong Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510641, China
| | - Songping Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou510641, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, Guangzhou510641, China
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9
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Huang C, Xu A, Li G, Sun H, Wu S, Xu Z, Yan Y. Alloyed BiSb Nanoparticles Confined in Tremella-Like Carbon Microspheres for Ultralong-Life Potassium Ion Batteries. Small 2021; 17:e2100685. [PMID: 33908704 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth-antimony alloy is considered as a promising potassium ion battery anode because of its combination of the high theoretical capacity of antimony and the excellent rate capacity of bismuth. However, the large volume change and sluggish reaction kinetic upon cycling have triggered severe capacity fading and poor rate performance. Herein, a nanoconfined BiSb in tremella-like carbon microspheres (BiSb@TCS) are delicately designed to address these issues. As-prepared BiSb@TCS renders an outstanding potassium-storage performance with a reversible capacity of 181 mAh g-1 after ultralong 5700 cycles at a current density of 2 A g-1 , and an excellent rate capacity of 119.3 mAh g-1 at 6 A g-1 . Such a superior performance can be ascribed to the delicate microstructure. The self-assembled carbon microspheres can strengthen integral structure and effectively accommodate the volume expansion of BiSb nanoparticles, and 2D carbon nanowalls in carbon microspheres can provide fast ion/electron diffusion dynamic. Theoretical calculation also suggests a thermodynamic feasibility of alloyed BiSb nanoparticles for storing potassium ion. Such a work shows that BiSb@TCS possesses a great potential to be a high-performance anode of potassium ion batteries. The rational designing of multiscaled structure would be instructive to the exploitation of other energy-storage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyun Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Anding Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Guilan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Songping Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Zhiguang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yurong Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- Key Lab of Guangdong High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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10
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Zhang M, Fan H, Gao Y, Zhao N, Wang C, Ma J, Ma L, Yadav AK, Wang W, Vincent Lee WS, Xiong T, Xue J, Xia Z. Preaddition of Cations to Electrolytes for Aqueous 2.2 V High Voltage Hybrid Supercapacitor with Super long Cycling Life and Its Energy Storage Mechanism. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:17659-17668. [PMID: 32202755 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrolyte solutions and electrode active materials, as core components of energy storage devices, have a great impact on the overall performance. Currently, supercapacitors suffer from the drawbacks of low energy density and poor cyclic stability in typical alkaline aqueous electrolytes. Herein, the ultrathin Co3O4 anode material is synthesized by a facile electrodeposition, followed by postheat treatment process. It is found that the decomposition of active materials induces reduction of energy density and specific capacitance during electrochemical testing. Therefore, a new strategy of preadding Co2+ cations to achieve the dissolution equilibrium of cobalt in active materials is proposed, which can improve the cyclic lifetime of electrode materials and broaden the operation window of electrochemical devices. Co2+ and Li+ embedded in carbon electrode during charging can enhance H+ desorption energy barrier, further hampering the critical step of bulk water electrolysis. More importantly, the highly reversible chemical conversion mechanism between Co3O4 and protons is demonstrated to be the fact that a large amount of quantum dots and second-order flaky CoO layers were in situ formed in the electrochemical reaction process, which is first discovered and reported in neutral solutions. The as-assembled device achieves a high operation voltage (2.2 V), excellent cycling stability (capacitance retention of 168% after 10 000 cycles) and ultrahigh energy density (99 W h kg-1 at a power density of 1100 W kg-1). The as-prepared electrolytes and highly active electrode materials will open up new opportunities for aqueous supercapacitors with high safety, high voltage, high energy density, and long-lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117573, Singapore
| | - Huiqing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jiangwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Longtao Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, PR China
| | - Arun Kumar Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Weijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wee Siang Vincent Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117573, Singapore
| | - Ting Xiong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117573, Singapore
| | - Junmin Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117573, Singapore
| | - Zhenhai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76210, United States
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11
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Zhang X, Xiang Q, Tang S, Wang A, Liu X, Luo J. Long Cycling Life Solid-State Li Metal Batteries with Stress Self-Adapted Li/Garnet Interface. Nano Lett 2020; 20:2871-2878. [PMID: 32186887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic solid-state electrolyte (SSE) has offered a promising option for the safe rechargeable Li metal batteries. However, the solid-solid interfacial incompatibility greatly hampers the practical use. The interface becomes even worse during repeated Li plating/stripping, especially under high current density and long cycling operation. To promise an intimate contact and uniform Li deposition during cycling, we herein demonstrate a stress self-adapted Li/Garnet interface by integrating Li foil with a hyperelastic substrate. Consecutive and conformal physical contact was ensured at Li/Garnet interface during Li plating/stripping, therefore dissipating the localized stress, suppressing Li dendrite formation, and preventing Garnet cracks. Record long cycling life over 5000 cycles was achieved with the ultrasmall hysteresis of 55 mV at high current density of 0.2 mA cm-2. Our strategy provides a new way to stabilize Li/Garnet interface from the perspective of anode mechanical regulation and paves the way for the next generation solid-state Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Aoxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xingjiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiayan Luo
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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12
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Jiang C, Fang Y, Zhang W, Song X, Lang J, Shi L, Tang Y. A Multi-Ion Strategy towards Rechargeable Sodium-Ion Full Batteries with High Working Voltage and Rate Capability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16370-16374. [PMID: 30320428 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are a promising alternative for the large-scale energy storage owing to the natural abundance of sodium. However, the practical application of SIBs is still hindered by the low working voltage, poor rate performance, and insufficient cycling stability. A sodium-ion based full battery using a multi-ion design is now presented. The optimized full batteries delivered a high working voltage of about 4.0 V, which is the best result of reported sodium-ion full batteries. Moreover, this multi-ion battery exhibited good rate performance up to 30 C and a high capacity retention of 95 % over 500 cycles at 5 C. Although the electrochemical performance of this multi-ion battery may be further enhanced via optimizing electrolyte and electrode materials for example, the results presented clearly indicate the feasibility of this multi-ion strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of SIBs for possible energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Jiang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yue Fang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Wenyong Zhang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaohe Song
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jihui Lang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yongbing Tang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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13
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Dong Y, Xing L, Chen K, Wu X. Porous α-Fe₂O₃@C Nanowire Arrays as Flexible Supercapacitors Electrode Materials with Excellent Electrochemical Performances. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2018; 8:nano8070487. [PMID: 29966399 PMCID: PMC6071295 DOI: 10.3390/nano8070487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Porous α-Fe2O3 nanowire arrays coated with a layer of carbon shell have been prepared by a simple hydrothermal route. The as-synthesized products show an excellent electrochemical performance with high specific capacitance and good cycling life after 9000 cycles. A solid state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) with a 2 V operation voltage window has been assembled by porous α-Fe2O3/C nanowire arrays as the anode materials, and MnO2 nanosheets as the cathode materials, which gives rise to a maximum energy density of 30.625 Wh kg−1and a maximum power density of 5000 W kg−1 with an excellent cycling performance of 82% retention after 10,000 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China.
| | - Lei Xing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China.
| | - Kunfeng Chen
- Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Xiang Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China.
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14
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Guo P, Song H, Liu Y, Wang C. CuFeS 2 Quantum Dots Anchored in Carbon Frame: Superior Lithium Storage Performance and the Study of Electrochemical Mechanism. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:31752-31762. [PMID: 28845961 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a simple and quick synthetic route to prepare the pure CuFeS2 quantum dots (QDs) @C composites with the unique structure of CuFeS2 QDs encapsulated in the carbon frame. When tested as anode materials for the lithium ion battery, the CuFeS2 QDs @C composites based electrodes exhibit excellent electrochemical performances. When charge-discharge occurred with a current density of 0.5 A g-1, the electrodes exhibit a high reversible capacity (760 mA h g-1) for as long as 700 cycles, which indicates the superior cycling life. Detailed investigations of the morphological and structural changes of CuFeS2 QDs by ex situ XRD, ex situ Raman, and ex situ TEM reveal an interesting electrochemical reaction mechanism, a hybrid of a lithium-copper iron sulfide battery and lithium-sulfur battery. The direct observation of orthorhombic FeS2 by HRTEM and the existence of Li2FeS2 detected by Raman support our assertion. We believe such an electrochemical mechanism would attract more attention to the CuFeS2 nanomaterials as lithium ion battery anode materials. The excellent electrochemical properties would be derived from the unique structure, which include CuFeS2 QDs encapsulated in the carbon frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Huawei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chengxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University , Guangzhou 510275, China
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