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Zoua FA, Ntomi Djipmegne D, Kinyok MJ, Abouem A Zintchem A, Bitombo AN, Dongmo Zeukang R, Ferron S, Ngono Bikobo DS, Tomasi S, Pegnyemb DE. A lupeol derivative and other isolates with antiplasmodial activity from the stem root of Rauvolfia mannii Stapf. (Apocynaceae). Nat Prod Res 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38497278 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2327623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Rauvolfia mannii is a plant from western and eastern areas of African continent and is widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases including malaria. Herein, one previously undescribed acylated triterpene (1), together with five already published natural products (2-6) were removed from its roots. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic and spectrometric means (NMR, HRESIMS, IR and UV). In addition to the isolated triterpenoids, components 5 and 6 are also newly reported from the genus Rauvolfia. Moreover, some constituents were further tested against the chloroquine-sensitive strain of P. falciparum (3D7). It has been found that 3 and 4 showed a moderate antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 46.25 and 39.79 µM respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Alain Zoua
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Daniela Ntomi Djipmegne
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Mc Jésus Kinyok
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Auguste Abouem A Zintchem
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - André Néhémie Bitombo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rostanie Dongmo Zeukang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Solenn Ferron
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, UMR CNRS ISCR 6226, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Serge Ngono Bikobo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, UMR CNRS ISCR 6226, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Tomasi
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, UMR CNRS ISCR 6226, Rennes, France
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Solovou TGA, Stravodimos G, Papadopoulos GE, Skamnaki VT, Papadopoulou K, Leonidas DD. Biochemical and Structural Studies of LjSK1, a Lotus japonicus GSK3β/SHAGGY-like Kinase, Reveal Its Functional Role. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:3763-3772. [PMID: 38330914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The crystal structure of a truncated form of the Lotus japonicus glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) like kinase (LjSK190-467) has been resolved at 2.9 Å resolution, providing, for the first time, structural data for a plant GKS3β like kinase. The 3D structure of LjSK190-467 revealed conservation at the structural level for this plant member of the GSK3β family. However, comparative structural analysis to the human homologue revealed significant differences at the N- and C-termini, supporting the notion for an additional regulatory mechanism in plant GSK3-like kinases. Structural similarities at the catalytic site and the ATP binding site explained the similarity in the function of the human and plant protein. LjSK1 and lupeol are strongly linked to symbiotic bacterial infection and nodulation initiation. An inhibitory capacity of lupeol (IC50 = 0.77 μM) for LjSK1 was discovered, providing a biochemical explanation for the involvement of these two molecules in nodule formation, and constituted LjSK1 as a molecular target for the discovery of small molecule modulators for crop protection and development. Studies on the inhibitory capacity of two phytogenic triterpenoids (betulinic acid and hederacoside C) to LjSK1 provided their structure-activity relationship and showed that hederacoside C can be the starting point for such endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora G A Solovou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - George Stravodimos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios E Papadopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Vassiliki T Skamnaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Kalliope Papadopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Parveen I, Wang M, Lee J, Zhao J, Zhu Y, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA, Pan Z. Identification and Functional Characterization of Oxidosqualene Cyclases from Medicinal Plant Hoodia gordonii. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:231. [PMID: 38256784 PMCID: PMC10818575 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) are the key enzymes accountable for the cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene to varied triterpenoids and phytosterols. Hoodia gordonii (from the family Apocynaceae), a native of the Kalahari deserts of South Africa, Namibia, and Botswana, is being sold as a prevalent herbal supplement for weight loss. The appetite suppressant properties are attributed to P57AS3, an oxypregnane steroidal glycoside. At the molecular level, the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of triterpenes and phytosterols from H. gordonii have not been previously reported. In the current study, predicted transcripts potentially encoding oxidosqualene cyclases were recognized first by searching publicly available H. gordonii RNA-seq datasets. Two OSC-like sequences were selected for functional analysis. A monofunctional OSC, designated HgOSC1 which encodes lupeol synthase, and HgOSC2, a multifunctional cycloartenol synthase forming cycloartenol and other products, were observed through recombinant enzyme studies. These studies revealed that distinct OSCs exist for triterpene formation in H. gordonii and provided opportunities for the metabolic engineering of specific precursors in producing phytosterols in this plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffat Parveen
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Joseph Lee
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amar G. Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Division Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Pan
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University, MS 38677, USA
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Andze L, Vitolina S, Berzins R, Rizikovs J, Godina D, Teresko A, Grinberga S, Sevostjanovs E, Cirule H, Liepinsh E, Paze A. Innovative Approach to Enhance Bioavailability of Birch Bark Extracts: Novel Method of Oleogel Development Contrasted with Other Dispersed Systems. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:145. [PMID: 38202453 PMCID: PMC10780823 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Birch outer bark extract (BBE), containing pentacyclic triterpenes such as betulin, lupeol, and betulinic acid, is a widely recognized natural product renowned for its diverse pharmacological effects. However, its limited water solubility restricts its bioavailability. Therefore, the main objective is to enhance the bioavailability of BBE for pharmaceutical use. In this study, we aimed to develop a dispersion system utilizing a unique oleogel-producing method through the recrystallization of BBE from an ethanol solution in the oil phase. We generated an oleogel that demonstrates a notable 42-80-fold improvement in betulin and lupeol peroral bioavailability from BBE in Wistar rats, respectively. A physical paste-like BBE hydrogel developed with antisolvent precipitation showed a 16-56-fold increase in the bioavailability of betulin and lupeol from BBE in rat blood plasma, respectively. We also observed that the repeated administration of the BBE oleogel did not exhibit any toxicity at the tested dose (38.5 mg/kg betulin, 5.2 mg/kg lupeol, 1.5 mg/kg betulinic acid daily for 7 days). Betulin and betulinic acid were not detected in rat heart, liver, kidney, or brain tissues after the peroral administration of the oleogel daily for 7 days. Lupeol was found in rat heart, liver, and kidney tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andze
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes Street, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.); (A.P.)
- ZS DOKTUS, 22 Pavila Street, LV-4101 Cesis, Latvia;
| | - Sanita Vitolina
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes Street, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Rudolfs Berzins
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes Street, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Janis Rizikovs
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes Street, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Daniela Godina
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes Street, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.); (A.P.)
| | | | - Solveiga Grinberga
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Street 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.G.); (E.S.); (H.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Eduards Sevostjanovs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Street 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.G.); (E.S.); (H.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Helena Cirule
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Street 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.G.); (E.S.); (H.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Edgars Liepinsh
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Street 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.G.); (E.S.); (H.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Aigars Paze
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes Street, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.); (A.P.)
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5
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Jesus JA, da Silva TNF, Sousa IMO, Ferreira AF, Laurenti MD, da Costa PC, de Carvalho Ferreira D, Passero LFD. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as Robust Systems for Lupeol Delivery in the Treatment of Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1646. [PMID: 38139773 PMCID: PMC10747346 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects millions of people around the world. Available therapy causes severe side effects, has unacceptable prices for some specific formulations, and the existence of drug-resistant parasites limits the use of the currently available arsenal of antiparasitic drugs. Therefore, natural products serve as one of the main sources to develop new and effective alternative drugs against leishmaniasis. In this sense, the present study evaluated the potential of the triterpene Lupeol (Lu) entrapped in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for the treatment of experimental visceral leishmaniasis. The therapeutic efficacy of Lu or Lu entrapped in NLC (Lu-NLC) was investigated in golden hamsters infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum. Lu-NLC presented a mean particle size of 265.3 ± 4.6 nm, a polydispersity index of <0.25 and a zeta potential of -37.2 ± 0.84 mV; the efficacy of encapsulation was 84.04 ± 0.57%. Studies on hamsters showed that Lu-NLC (5 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days caused a reduction of 99.9% in the number of parasites in the spleen and liver compared to the untreated infected control. On the contrary, Lu-treated animals (5 mg/kg) had 94.4 and 90.2% less parasites in the spleen and liver, respectively, than the infected group. Additionally, a significant preservation of splenic and hepatic tissues was observed in animals treated with Lu-NLC or Lu. Furthermore, Lu-NLC-treated animals produced high levels of anti-Leishmania IgG2 isotype. These data indicate that NLC potentialized Lu efficacy in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. This work suggests that Lu and nanoformulations carrying this compound may be considered as an important tool to be included in the alternative therapy of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Adriana Jesus
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil;
- Institute for Advanced Studies of Ocean, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua João Francisco Bensdorp, 1178, São Vicente 11350-011, SP, Brazil
| | - Thays Nicolli Fragoso da Silva
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (T.N.F.d.S.); (A.F.F.); (M.D.L.)
| | - Ilza Maria Oliveira Sousa
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas 13083-871, SP, Brazil;
| | - Aurea Favero Ferreira
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (T.N.F.d.S.); (A.F.F.); (M.D.L.)
| | - Márcia Dalastra Laurenti
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil; (T.N.F.d.S.); (A.F.F.); (M.D.L.)
| | - Paulo Cardoso da Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (P.C.d.C.); (D.d.C.F.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Domingos de Carvalho Ferreira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (P.C.d.C.); (D.d.C.F.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luiz Felipe Domingues Passero
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil;
- Institute for Advanced Studies of Ocean, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua João Francisco Bensdorp, 1178, São Vicente 11350-011, SP, Brazil
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Aituarova A, Zhusupova GE, Zhussupova A, Ross SA. Study of the Chemical Composition of Rosa beggeriana Schrenk's Fruits and Leaves. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3297. [PMID: 37765460 PMCID: PMC10536339 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Rosa species are widely used in folk medicine in different countries of Asia and Europe, but not all species are studied in-depth. For instance, Rosa beggeriana Schrenk, a plant which grows in Central Asia, Iran, and some parts of China, is little described in articles. Column and thin-layer chromatography methods were used to isolate biologically active substances. From a study of fruits and leaves of Rosa beggeriana Schrenk, a large number of compounds were identified, seven of which were isolated: 3β,23-dihydroxyurs-12-ene (1), β-sitosterol (2), betulin (3), (+)-catechin (4), lupeol (5), ethyl linoleate (6), and ethyl linolenoate (7). Their structures were elucidated by 1H, DEPT and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). The study also identified the structures of organic compounds, including volatile esters and acids. Consequently, comprehensive data were acquired concerning the chemical constitution of said botanical specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigerim Aituarova
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Substances, Natural Compounds and Polymers, NPJSC Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
| | - Galiya E. Zhusupova
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Organic Substances, Natural Compounds and Polymers, NPJSC Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
| | - Aizhan Zhussupova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NPJSC Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi, Ave. 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
| | - Samir A. Ross
- School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
- School of Pharmacy, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
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Pereira H, Simões R, Miranda I. Cuticular Waxes and Cutin in Terminalia catappa Leaves from the Equatorial São Tomé and Príncipe Islands. Molecules 2023; 28:6365. [PMID: 37687194 PMCID: PMC10489119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents for the first time an analysis of the content and chemical composition of the cuticular waxes and cutin in the leaves of the widespread and important tropical species Terminalia catappa. The leaves were collected in the equatorial Atlantic islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, in the Gulf of Guinea. The epicuticular and intracuticular waxes were determined via dichloromethane extraction and their chemical composition via GC-MS analysis, and the content and monomeric composition of cutin were determined after depolymerization via methanolysis. The leaves contained an epidermal cuticular coverage of 52.8 μg cm-2 of the cuticular waxes (1.4% of mass) and 63.3 μg cm-2 (1.5% of mass) of cutin. Cuticular waxes include mainly n-alkanols and fatty acids, with a substantial proportion of terpenes in the more easily solubilized fraction, and sterols in the more embedded waxes. Cutin is mostly constituted by C16 fatty acids and dihydroxyacids, also including aromatic monomers, suggesting a largely linear macromolecular arrangement. The high proportion of triacontanol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, germanicol, and lupeol in the easily solubilized cuticular fraction may explain the bioactive properties attributed to the T. catappa leaves via the popular medicine, which allows us to consider them as a potential source for the extraction of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pereira
- Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Laboratório Associado Terra, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.S.); (I.M.)
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Takahashi H, Abo C, Suzuki H, Romsuk J, Oi T, Yanagawa A, Gorai T, Tomisaki Y, Jitsui M, Shimamura S, Mori H, Kaga A, Ishimoto M, Seki H, Muranaka T, Nakazono M. Triterpenoids in aerenchymatous phellem contribute to internal root aeration and waterlogging adaptability in soybeans. New Phytol 2023. [PMID: 37270736 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Soybeans (Glycine max) develop newly differentiated aerenchymatous phellem (AP) in response to waterlogging stress. AP is formed in the hypocotyl and root, thus contributing to internal aeration and adaptation to waterlogging for several legumes. Extensive accumulation of triterpenoids - lupeol and betulinic acid - has been identified in AP. However, their physiological roles in plants remain unclarified. Lupeol is converted from 2,3-oxidosqualene by lupeol synthase (LUS) and oxidized to betulinic acid. Notably, soybeans have two LUS genes (GmLUS1 and GmLUS2). Functional analysis was performed to reveal the biological and physiological functions of triterpenoids in AP using lus mutants. The AP cells of lus1 mutant lacked triterpenoid accumulation and epicuticular wax. Lupeol and betulinic acid were the major components of epicuticular wax and contributed to tissue hydrophobicity and oxygen transport to the roots. Tissue porosity in AP was lower in the lus1 mutant than in the wild-type, which resulted in reduced oxygen transport to the roots via AP. This reduction in oxygen transport resulted in shallow root systems under waterlogged conditions. Triterpenoid accumulation in AP contributes to effective internal aeration and root development for adaptation to waterlogging, suggesting the significance of triterpenoids in improving waterlogging tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Takahashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Chisato Abo
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hayato Suzuki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jutapat Romsuk
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takao Oi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Asako Yanagawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoka Gorai
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yukari Tomisaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mana Jitsui
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimamura
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kariwano, Daisen, Akita, 019-2112, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mori
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Akito Kaga
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Masao Ishimoto
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hikaru Seki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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Jobaer MA, Ashrafi S, Ahsan M, Hasan CM, Rashid MA, Islam SN, Masud MM. Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of an Indigenous Plant of Bangladesh, Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.: Drug Discovery from Nature. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104186. [PMID: 37241926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. (Family: Asteraceae) is a tropical Asian medicinal plant found in Thailand, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam. It has long been utilized to treat a variety of health concerns in numerous countries around the world, such as renal discomfort, constipation, diabetes mellitus, rheumatism, and hypertension. The chemical investigation resulted in the isolation and characterization of six compounds from the methanol (MeOH) extract of the leaves of Gynura procumbens, which were identified as phytol (1), lupeol (2), stigmasterol (3), friedelanol acetate (4), β-amyrin (5), and a mixture of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol (6). In-depth investigations of the high-resolution 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic data from the isolated compounds, along with comparisons to previously published data, were used to clarify their structures. Among these, the occurrence of Compounds 1 and 4 in this plant are reported for the first time. The crude methanolic extract (CME) and its different partitionates, i.e., petroleum ether (PESF), chloroform (CSF), ethyl acetate (EASF), and aqueous (AQSF) soluble fractions, were subjected to antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, and anti-diabetic activities. In a DPPH free radical scavenging assay, EASF showed the maximum activity, with an IC50 value of 10.78 µg/mL. On the other hand, CSF displayed the highest cytotoxic effect with an LC50 value of 1.94 µg/mL compared to 0.464 µg/mL for vincristine sulphate. In a thrombolytic assay, the crude methanolic extract exhibited the highest activity (63.77%) compared to standard streptokinase (70.78%). During the assay for anti-diabetic activity, the PESF showed 70.37% of glucose-lowering activity, where standard glibenclamide showed 63.24% of glucose-reducing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Jobaer
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sania Ashrafi
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Monira Ahsan
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Choudhury Mahmood Hasan
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abdur Rashid
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Nazrul Islam
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Masud
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Martínez ME, Jorquera L, Poirrier P, Díaz K, Chamy R. Effect of Inoculum Size and Age, and Sucrose Concentration on Cell Growth to Promote Metabolites Production in Cultured Taraxacum officinale (Weber) Cells. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1116. [PMID: 36903977 PMCID: PMC10004745 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenes, including lupeol, α- amyrin, and β-amyrin, present a large range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and gastroprotective properties. The phytochemistry of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) tissues has been widely described. Plant biotechnology offers an alternative for secondary metabolite production and several active plant ingredients are already synthesized through in vitro cultures. This study aimed to establish a suitable protocol for cell growth and to determine the accumulation of α-amyrin and lupeol in cell suspension cultures of T. officinale under different culture conditions. To this end, inoculum density (0.2% to 8% (w/v)), inoculum age (2- to 10-week-old), and carbon source concentration (1%, 2.3%, 3.2%, and 5.5% (w/v)) were investigated. Hypocotyl explants of T. officinale were used for callus induction. Age, size, and sucrose concentrations were statistically significant in cell growth (fresh and dry weight), cell quality (aggregation, differentiation, viability), and triterpenes yield. The best conditions for establishing a suspension culture were achieved by using a 6-week-old callus at 4% (w/v) and 1% (w/v) of sucrose concentration. Results indicate that 0.04 (±0.02) α-amyrin and 0.03 (±0.01) mg/g lupeol can be obtained in suspension culture under these starting conditions at the 8th week of culture. The results of the present study provide a backdrop for future studies in which an elicitor could be incorporated to increase the large-scale production of α-amyrin and lupeol from T. officinale.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Martínez
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 237463, Chile
| | - Lorena Jorquera
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Construcción y Transporte, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2147, Valparaíso 237463, Chile
| | - Paola Poirrier
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 237463, Chile
| | - Katy Díaz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España #1680, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
| | - Rolando Chamy
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Brasil 2085, Valparaíso 237463, Chile
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Nistor G, Trandafirescu C, Prodea A, Milan A, Cristea A, Ghiulai R, Racoviceanu R, Mioc A, Mioc M, Ivan V, Șoica C. Semisynthetic Derivatives of Pentacyclic Triterpenes Bearing Heterocyclic Moieties with Therapeutic Potential. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196552. [PMID: 36235089 PMCID: PMC9572482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used by humans since ancient times for the treatment of various diseases and currently represent the main source of a variety of phytocompounds, such as triterpenes. Pentacyclic triterpenes have been subjected to numerous studies that have revealed various biological activities, such as anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective effects, which can be employed in therapy. However, due to their high lipophilicity, which is considered to exert a significant influence on their bioavailability, their current use is limited. A frequent approach employed to overcome this obstacle is the chemical derivatization of the core structure with different types of moieties including heterocycles, which are considered key elements in medicinal chemistry. The present review aims to summarize the literature published in the last 10 years regarding the derivatives of pentacyclic triterpenes bearing heterocyclic moieties and focuses on the biologically active derivatives as well as their structure-activity relationships. Predominantly, the targeted positions for the derivatization of the triterpene skeleton are C-3 (hydroxyl/oxo group), C-28 (hydroxyl/carboxyl group), and C-30 (allylic group) or the extension of the main scaffold by fusing various heterocycles with the A-ring of the phytocompound. In addition, numerous derivatives also contain linker moieties that connect the triterpenic scaffold with heterocycles; one such linker, the triazole moiety, stands out as a key pharmacophore for its biological effect. All these studies support the hypothesis that triterpenoid conjugates with heterocyclic moieties may represent promising candidates for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Nistor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Trandafirescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Prodea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.M.); Tel.: +40-256-494-604 (A.P.)
| | - Andreea Milan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.M.); Tel.: +40-256-494-604 (A.P.)
| | - Andreea Cristea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Ghiulai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Racoviceanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Mioc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Viviana Ivan
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Codruța Șoica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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12
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Pathak AR, Patel SR, Joshi AG, Shrivastava N, Sindhav G, Sharma S, Ansari H. Elicitor mediated enhancement of shoot biomass and lupeol production in Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex. Schult. and Tylophora indica (Burm. F.) Merrill using yeast extract and salicylic acid. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:1767-1773. [PMID: 36059233 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2119388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult. and Tylophora indica (Burm. F.) Merrill shoot cultures were treated with different concentrations of yeast extract (YE; 25-200 mg/L) and salicylic acid (SA; 50-200 µM), and their effect on lupeol production was assessed. The maximum dry weight (DW) biomass was recorded when H. indicus shoots were treated with SA (50 µM) and T. indica shoots with YE (200 mg/L). Highest lupeol yield (335.40 ± 0.04 µg/g DW) was obtained in H. indicus shoots after treatment with 50 µM of SA for 3 weeks. Whereas in T. indica, maximum lupeol content (584.26 ± 8.14 µg/g DW) was recorded by giving treatment with 25 μM of SA for 6 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh R Pathak
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.,Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Swati R Patel
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Aruna G Joshi
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Neeta Shrivastava
- B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education & Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Gaurang Sindhav
- Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology, Human Genetics, and Wildlife Biology & Conservation, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sonal Sharma
- B.V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education & Research Development (PERD) Centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.,Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), Gandhinagar, Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of Gujarat, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hafsa Ansari
- Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology, Human Genetics, and Wildlife Biology & Conservation, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Li D, Guo YY, Cen XF, Qiu HL, Chen S, Zeng XF, Zeng Q, Xu M, Tang QZ. Lupeol protects against cardiac hypertrophy via TLR4-PI3K-Akt-NF-κB pathways. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1989-2002. [PMID: 34916609 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and apoptosis are main pathological processes that lead to the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Lupeol, a natural triterpenoid, has shown anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities as well as potential protective effects on cardiovascular diseases. In this study we investigated whether lupeol attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis induced by pressure overload in vivo and in vitro, and explored the underlying mechanisms. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in mice by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery, and in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) by stimulation with phenylephrine (PE) in vitro. We showed that administration of lupeol (50 mg ·kg-1· d-1, i.g., for 4 weeks) prevented the morphological changes and cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in TAC mice, and treatment with lupeol (50 μg/mL) significantly attenuated the hypertrophy of PE-stimulated NRCMs, and blunted the upregulated hypertrophic markers ANP, BNP, and β-MHC. Furthermore, lupeol treatment attenuated the apoptotic and inflammatory responses in the heart tissue. We revealed that lupeol attenuated the inflammatory responses including the reduction of inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, which was mediated by the TLR4-PI3K-Akt signaling. Administration of a PI3K/Akt agonist 740 Y-P reversed the protective effects of lupeol in TAC mice as well as in PE-stimulated NRCMs. Moreover, pre-treatment with a TLR4 agonist RS 09 abolished the protective effects of lupeol and restored the inhibition of PI3K-Akt-NF-κB signaling by lupeol in PE-stimulated NRCMs. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the lupeol protects against cardiac hypertrophy via anti-inflammatory mechanisms, which results from inhibiting the TLR4-PI3K-Akt-NF-κB signaling.
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Song T, Shi R, Vijayalakshmi A, Lei B. Protective effect of lupeol on arthritis induced by type II collagen via the suppression of P13K/AKT signaling pathway in Sprague dawley rats. Environ Toxicol 2022; 37:1814-1822. [PMID: 35446470 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To explore the therapeutic value of lupeol on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats, a rheumatoid arthritis model. Lupeol is well known pentacyclic triterpene found in various plant sources, which possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. The current study was assessed the anti-arthritic potential of lupeol and its molecular mechanisms as compared with indomethacin (Indo) in collagen-induced arthritis CIA rats. The rats were randomly alienated into five groups: Control, CIA alone, CIA + lupeol (10 mg/kg bw), CIA + Indomethacin (3 mg/kg bw), and lupeol (10 mg/kg bw) alone. The paw volume, biochemical, hematological parameters, inflammatory enzymes, and cytokines were measured. As well protein expression of apoptotic proteins, and histopathological of ankle joint were examined. Inflammatory markers, cytokines, histological changes, paw volume, and inflammation were intensely reduced and enhanced apoptosis by lupeol. Alterations in hematological parameters, rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, and ceruloplasmin in arthritis were reverted by lupeol. Protein expressions of Bcl-2, and P13K/Akt signaling were declined, whereas the Bax, caspssae-3, and caspase-9 were elevated. These results highlighted that lupeol suppresses P13K/Akt signaling and has a promising anti-arthritic potential for collagen-induced rheumatic arthritis treatment. Hence lupeol would be suggested as an alternative natural source with potent anti-inflammatory and apoptotic actions for chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiebing Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma Joint Ward 1, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Renhong Shi
- Department of Surgery, People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
| | - Annamalai Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Rabiammal Ahamed Maideen College for Women, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bin Lei
- Department of Second Bone Injury, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
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Fabián RCF, Mayra HM, Manuel ZGV, Guadalupe SAS, Alejandro PL, Alberto SBJ. Characterization of functionalized PLGA nanoparticles loaded with mangiferin and lupeol, and their effect on BEAS-2B and HepG2 cell lines. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022:ACAMC-EPUB-124567. [PMID: 35718971 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220617101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lupeol (LP) and Mangiferin (MG) have beneficial effects on health, however, their pharmacokinetic properties can affect their bioavailability by oral administration, therefore, their incorporation in a hybrid matrix of ZnO and PLGA could contribute as a vehicle to improve bioavailability. METHODS Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop this matrix and evaluate its optical and bioactive properties obtained by the solvent emulsion and evaporation method, which were subjected to processes to evaluate their bioactivity as the effect of topoisomerase. RESULTS Functionalized treatment number 15 (TF15) showed the best results in studies of controlled release and encapsulation efficiency of lupeol (LP) and mangiferin (MG) (60.01 ± 1.24% and 57.71 ± 1.94%), the best treatment showed behaviors as a topoisomerase II inhibitor (18.60 ± 1.55). The nanoparticles developed in this study did not show a cytotoxic effect on BEAS-2B, while for HepG2 it showed a decrease in viability (IC50 1549.96 ± 174.62 µg/mL). On the other hand, although the hemolytic activity is not shown at 1 h of exposure, morphological alterations caused by TF15 are observed at concentrations of 2500 and 1250 µg/mL. CONCLUSION In this context, the TF15 treatment shown by maintain its biological activity, does not present cytotoxicity for healthy cells, and decreases the growth of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razura-Carmona Francisco Fabián
- Tecnológico Nacional de México / I.T.Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, avenida Instituto Tecnológico No. 2595, Lagos del Country CP 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Herrera-Martínez Mayra
- Instituto de Farmacobiología, Universidad de la Cañada, Teotitlán-San Antonio Nanahuatipán st., Km 1.7, Paraje Titlacuatitla, CP 68540, Teotitlán de Flores Magón, Oaxaca, México
| | - Zamora-Gasga Víctor Manuel
- Tecnológico Nacional de México / I.T.Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, avenida Instituto Tecnológico No. 2595, Lagos del Country CP 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Sáyago-Ayerdi Sonia Guadalupe
- Tecnológico Nacional de México / I.T.Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, avenida Instituto Tecnológico No. 2595, Lagos del Country CP 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Pérez-Larios Alejandro
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario Los Altos, Av. Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, CP 47620, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México
| | - Sánchez-Burgos Jorge Alberto
- Tecnológico Nacional de México / I.T.Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, avenida Instituto Tecnológico No. 2595, Lagos del Country CP 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, México
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Ravichandran S, Radhakrishnan J. Anticancer efficacy of lupeol incorporated electrospun Polycaprolactone/gelatin nanocomposite nanofibrous mats. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:295104. [PMID: 35413702 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac667b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the anticancer effect of lupeol (Lup), low aqueous solubility can make its therapeutic usage difficult. However, polycaprolactone/Gelatin (PCL-GEL) nanofibers scaffold eliminates this problem. This study has been conducted to recognize PCL-GEL-Lup nanofibers effect on cancer cell lines. PCL-GEL solution was prepared at different ratios (8 wt% and 4 wt%) for achieving optimal nanofibers. PCL-GEL-Lup nanofibers were provided via electrospinning technique. The surface morphology of nanofibers was examined using FESEM. Functional groups were investigated by a Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Lupeol released from nanofibers was detected by a UV-Visible spectroscopy. The drug release profile confirmed the sustained release of about 80% achieved within 40 h. IC50of lupeol against ACHN and HSC-3 cell lines are 52.57 and 66.10μg ml-1respectively. The study results from aid an understanding of the fabrication of a scaffold with an optimum dose of bioactive lupeol in 6 wt% with bead free uniform diameter that is capable of binding the drug efficiently. The enhanced cytotoxicity activity by effective diffusion and elution to the target achieved in this study help to develop a nanofiber in the ongoing battle against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siranjeevi Ravichandran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of E&T, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur-603 203, Kancheepuram (Dist), Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeyalakshmi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of E&T, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur-603 203, Kancheepuram (Dist), Tamil Nadu, India
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17
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Gunasekaran M, Ravi R, Subramanian K. Molecular docking analysis of lupeol with different cancer targets. Bioinformation 2022; 18:134-140. [PMID: 36518133 PMCID: PMC9722432 DOI: 10.6026/97320630018134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupeol is one of the secondary metabolite (triterpenoid) present in many medicinally effective plants. It has numerous biological and pharmacological actions. Lupeol is found to have effective herbs and has immense biological activity against several diseases including its cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. In recent drug designing, molecular study of analysis is usually used for understanding the target and the ligand interaction. Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis data of lupeol with different cancer targets such as Caspase- 3, BCL-2, Topoisomerase, PTK, mTOR, H-Ras, PI3K, and AKT. These molecular docking studies were carried out by using AutoDock tools 4.2 version software. Molecular docking analyses of lupeol with target protein were found to have good dock score and minimum inhibition constant. BCL-2, Topoisomerase, PTK, mTOR and PI3Kdocking studies showed the best binding energy inhibition constant and ligand efficiency. The in-silico molecular docking analysis showed that the lupeol having relatively good docking energy, affinity and efficiency towards the active macromolecule, thus it may be considered as good inhibitor of proliferating cancer cells. By this knowledge of docking results, the lupeol can be used as promising drug for anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalakshmi Gunasekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Science, Pondicherry University, Puducherry-605006, India
| | - Ravali Ravi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Science, Pondicherry University, Puducherry-605006, India
| | - Kavimani Subramanian
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Science, Pondicherry University, Puducherry-605006, India
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Ahmad A, Faizi S, Siddiqui PJA, Fayyaz S, Khan K, Iqbal EY, Rasheed M, Muzafar W. Bioassay Directed Fractionation of Petroleum Ether Extract of Aerial Parts of Ceriops tagal: Isolation of Lupeol as the Nematicidal Agent against Cyst Nematode Heterodera zeae. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100759. [PMID: 35001512 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plant parasitic cyst nematode Heterodera zeae is a pest, causing substantial economic losses in agriculture. Organic pesticides, based on plant products have emerged as eco-benign nematicidal agents. Ceriops tagal is a well-known marine medicinal plant which has not been evaluated against any nematode. Petroleum ether extract of the aerial parts of the plant (CTP), exhibited promising activity against infective stage larvae of H. zeae . On subjecting to classical solvent-solvent separation, it afforded petroleum ether soluble (CTP-S), methanol soluble ( CTPMS-1 , CTPMS-2) and insoluble (CTPM-IN-2) fractions, which exhibited activity against the cyst nematode within 24 h exposure. GC, GCMS and ESI-HRMS analyses of CTPMS-1 and CTPMS-2 fractions resulted in the identification of a number of compounds, including pentacyclic triterpenoids, lupeol ( 1 ), betunal ( 2 ), betulin ( 3 ), lupenone ( 4 ), betulonaldehyde ( 5 ), betulonic acid ( 7 ), methyl-3-acetoxy-27- O -(3,4-dihydroxy- E -cinnamoyl)-20(29)-lupen-28-oate ( 8 ) and β -amyrin, along with phenylpropanoid esters, fatty acids and their derivatives, benzamide, and indole derivatives. CTPM-IN-2 which mainly contained lupeol ( 1 ) exhibited maximum nematicidal activity, with 91% and 93% mortality of the larvae of H. zeae , after exposure for 72 h at the concentration of 0.5% and 1%, respectively. Its fractionation and purification through column chromatography resulted in the isolation and identification of four lupane-type triterpenoids 1 , 3 , 4 and betulinic acid ( 6 ). One of its most abundant column fractions CC-9-18 (145 mg) which exhibited substantial activity, with 81% mortality at the lowest concentration of 0.125% after 48 h of incubation mainly contained lupeol. It seems lupeol, a wide spread bio-privileged triterpenoid is the nematicidal principle of the plant as its authentic sample showed LC 50 value of 0.061 after 72 h exposure. It is for the first time that nematicidal activity is reported for any part of C. tagal and that of lupeol against H. zeae. Pentacyclic triterpenoids 1 - 8 are biosynthetically related. Of the twenty-four compounds isolated or identified in the present investigation only five constituents 1 , 3 , 6 , 7 and palmitic acid have been isolated previously from C. tagal .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateeq Ahmad
- University of Karachi, Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, Center of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, PAKISTAN
| | - Shaheen Faizi
- University of Karachi, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, PAKISTAN
| | - Pirzada J A Siddiqui
- Bahria University, National Institute of Maritime Affairs, National Institute of Maritime Affairs, Bahria University, 13 National Stadium Road, 75260, Karachi, PAKISTAN
| | - Shahina Fayyaz
- University of Karachi, National Nematological Research Centre, National Nematological Research Centre (NNRC), University of Karachi, Karachi, PAKISTAN
| | - Kehkashan Khan
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Science Campus, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, 75300, Karachi, PAKISTAN
| | - Erum Y Iqbal
- University of Karachi, National Nematological Research Centre, National Nematological Research Centre (NNRC), University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, PAKISTAN
| | - Munawwer Rasheed
- University of Karachi, Center of Excellence in Marine Biology, Center of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, PAKISTAN
| | - Wajeeha Muzafar
- University of Karachi, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, PAKISTAN
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19
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Somwong P, Kamkaen N. Wound-healing activity and quantification of bioactive compounds from Derris scandens extract. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2022; 13:38-43. [PMID: 35223439 PMCID: PMC8820353 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_208_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Derris scandens (DS) is a Thai herbal medicine used to relieve musculoskeletal pain. It has been found as a single crude medication, ethanolic extract, and compounded herbal recipe for oral administration in pharmacies across the country. Due to its medicinal benefits and enriched phytochemicals, researchers are now drawn to examine the new pharmacological effects of this plant to increase its usage in complementary medicines. The purpose of this research was to investigate the wound-healing properties of the plant's ethanolic extracts as well as their active chemical composition. The extracts (both 50% and absolute ethanol) prepared by Soxhlet extraction were examined for cytotoxicity and wound-healing activity using human skin fibroblast cells, and the active chemical contents in the extracts were analyzed further using the HPLC method. For this study, genistein and lupeol compounds were selected as chemical markers. In the concentration range of 0.0001-1 mg/mL, all extracts had no cytotoxic effects on the examined cells, and 1 mg/mL of both ethanolic extracts was effective for wound closure in a scratch assay. The phytochemicals genistein and lupeol were found to be 0.0332% and 0.0588% (w/w) in the 50% ethanolic extract, respectively, and 0.0309% and 0.3472% (w/w) in the absolute ethanolic extract. The ability of DS extracts containing these compounds on in vitro wound-healing activity was demonstrated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathom Somwong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand,Address for correspondence: Dr. Pathom Somwong, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, 52/347, Paholyothin Rd., Lak-Hok, Muang, Pathumthani 12000, Thailand. E-mail:
| | - Narisa Kamkaen
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Eastern Asia University, Pathumthani, Thailand
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20
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Bociort F, Macasoi IG, Marcovici I, Motoc A, Grosu C, Pinzaru I, Petean C, Avram S, Dehelean CA. Investigation of Lupeol as Anti-Melanoma Agent: An In Vitro-In Ovo Perspective. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:5054-66. [PMID: 34940064 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) represents the most life-threatening skin cancer worldwide, with a narrow and inefficient chemotherapeutic arsenal available in advanced disease stages. Lupeol (LUP) is a triterpenoid-type phytochemical possessing a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties, including a potent anticancer effect against several neoplasms (e.g., colorectal, lung, and liver). However, its potential as an anti-melanoma agent has been investigated to a lesser extent. The current study focused on exploring the impact of LUP against two human MM cell lines (A375 and RPMI-7951) in terms of cell viability, confluence, morphology, cytoskeletal distribution, nuclear aspect, and migration. Additionally, the in ovo antiangiogenic effect has been also examined. The in vitro results indicated concentration-dependent and selective cytotoxicity against both MM cell lines, with estimated IC50 values of 66.59 ± 2.20 for A375, and 45.54 ± 1.48 for RPMI-7951, respectively, accompanied by a reduced cell confluence, apoptosis-specific nuclear features, reorganization of cytoskeletal components, and inhibited cell migration. In ovo, LUP interfered with the process of angiogenesis by reducing the formation of neovascularization. Despite the potential anti-melanoma effect illustrated in our in vitro-in ovo study, further investigations are required to elucidate the underlying LUP-induced effects in A375 and RPMI-7951 MM cells.
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21
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Somwong P, Theanphong O. Quantitative analysis of triterpene lupeol and anti-inflammatory potential of the extracts of traditional pain-relieving medicinal plants Derris scandens, Albizia procera, and Diospyros rhodocalyx. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:147-151. [PMID: 34159145 PMCID: PMC8177155 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_13_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Derris scandens, Albizia procera, and Diospyros rhodocalyx have traditionally been used as herbal remedies for pain relief in Thailand. The ethanolic extracts of these plants obtained by Soxhlet extraction were analyzed by the developed high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detection method. Lupeol, the anti-inflammatory triterpene, was selected as a chemical marker for this investigation. All extracts together with that compound were further evaluated for their potential on anti-inflammatory activity using 5-lipoxygenase inhibition assay. Lupeol in each extract was quantified and expressed in the range of 21.44 ± 0.89–40.72 ± 0.40 mg per 100 g of crude drug and the enzyme inhibitory activity of all tested extracts presented as half-maximal inhibitory concentration values ranged between 63.71 ± 2.09 and 91.09 ± 1.40 μg/mL. This study shows that the developed analytical method is effective for analyzing triterpene lupeol in these plants and also reveals the relationship between a lupeol content and the anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathom Somwong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Orawan Theanphong
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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22
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Bhatt M, Patel M, Adnan M, Reddy MN. Anti-Metastatic Effects of Lupeol via the Inhibition of MAPK/ERK Pathway in Lung Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:201-206. [PMID: 32329697 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200424131548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE ERK pathway is one of the most crucial pathways in lung cancer metastasis. Targeting its pathway is decisive in lung cancer research. Thus, this study demonstrated for the first time for significant and selective anti-metastatic effects of lupeol against lung cancer A549 cells via perturbations in the ERK signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human protein targets of lupeol were predicted in silico. Migration and cytotoxicity assays were carried out in vitro. Expression levels of proteins Erk1/2 and pErk1/2 were ensured using Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR technique was used to estimate changes in crucial mesenchymal marker gene expression levels of N-cadherin and vimentin. RESULTS Lupeol was found to target ERK and MEK proteins effectively. Despite having no cytotoxic effects, lupeol also significantly inhibited cell migration in A549 cells with decreased expression of the pErk1/2 protein along with N-cadherin and vimentin genes. CONCLUSION Lupeol inhibits cell migration, showed no cytotoxic effects on A549 cells, decreased pErk1/2 and EMT gene expression. Thus, it can serve as a potential ERK pathway inhibitor in lung cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mital Bhatt
- Bapalal Vaidya Botanical Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Bapalal Vaidya Botanical Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, P O Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mandadi N Reddy
- Bapalal Vaidya Botanical Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
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23
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Eldohaji LM, Fayed B, Hamoda AM, Ershaid M, Abdin S, Alhamidi TB, Mohammad MG, Omar HA, Soliman SSM. Potential targeting of Hep3B liver cancer cells by lupeol isolated from Avicennia marina. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100120. [PMID: 34085721 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are valuable sources of different active constituents that are known to have important pharmacological activities including anticancer effects. Lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, present in many medicinal plants, has a wide range of biological activities. Although the anticancer activity of lupeol was reported, the published data are inconsistent and the clear mechanism of action has never been assigned. The current study aims at investigating the anticancer specificity and mechanism of lupeol isolated from Avicennia marina, which grows in the desert of the United Arab Emirates. The compound was purified by chromatography and identified by spectroscopy. Compared with a negative control, lupeol caused significant (p < .001) growth inhibitory activity on MCF-7 and Hep3B parental and resistant cells by 45%, 46%, 72%, and 35%, respectively. The mechanism of action of lupeol was further explored by measuring its effect on key players in cancer development and progression, BCL-2 anti-apoptotic and BAX pro-apoptotic proteins. Lupeol significantly (p < .01) downregulated BCL-2 gene expression in parental and resistant Hep3B cells by 33 and 3.5 times, respectively, contributing to the induction of apoptosis in Hep3B cells, whereas it caused no effect on BAX. Furthermore, the immunoblotting analysis revealed that lupeol cleaved the executioner caspase-3 into its active form. Interestingly, lupeol showed no significant effect on the proliferation of monocytes, whereas it caused an increase in the sub-G1 population and a reduction in the apoptosis rates of monocytes at 48 and 72 h, indicative of no immuno-inflammatory responses. Collectively, lupeol can be considered as promising effective and safe anticancer agent, particularly against Hep3B cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen M Eldohaji
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Bahgat Fayed
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Product Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alshaimaa M Hamoda
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mai Ershaid
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Shifaa Abdin
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Tasneem B Alhamidi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Mohammad G Mohammad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Hany A Omar
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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24
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Li D, Pan C, Lu J, Zaman W, Zhao H, Zhang J, Lü S. Lupeol Accumulation Correlates with Auxin in the Epidermis of Castor. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102978. [PMID: 34067825 PMCID: PMC8156332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupeol, a natural lupane-type pentacyclic triterpene, possesses various pharmacological properties, and its production attracts attention. Significant quantities of lupeol are deposited on the castor aerial organ surface and are easily extractable as a predominant wax constituent. Thus, castor might be considered as a potential bioreactor for the production of lupeol. The lupeol biosynthesis pathway is well known, but how it is regulated remains largely unknown. Among large numbers of castor cultivars, we targeted one accession line (337) with high levels of lupeol on its stem surface and low levels thereof on its hypocotyl surface, implicating that lupeol synthesis is differentially regulated in the two organs. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we did comparative transcriptome analysis of the first internode of 337 stem and the upper hypocotyl. Our results show that large amounts of auxin-related genes are differentially expressed in both parts, implying some possible interactions between auxin and lupeol production. We also found that several auxin-responsive cis-elements are present in promoter regions of HMGR and LUS genes encoding two key enzymes involved in lupeol production. Furthermore, auxin treatments apparently induced the expression levels of RcHMGR and RcLUS. Furthermore, we observed that auxin treatment significantly increased lupeol contents, whereas inhibiting auxin transport led to an opposite phenotype. Our study reveals some relationships between hormone activity and lupeol synthesis and might provide a promising way for improving lupeol yields in castor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (D.L.); (C.P.); (J.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Cheng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (D.L.); (C.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (D.L.); (C.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Wajid Zaman
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Huayan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Jixing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China;
| | - Shiyou Lü
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (D.L.); (C.P.); (J.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-88663882
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25
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Lee HA, Kim MJ, Han JS. Alleviating effects of lupeol on postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:495-500. [PMID: 34141163 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the inhibition activities of lupeol on carbohydrate digesting enzymes and its ability to improve postprandial hyperglycemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. α-Glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory assays were executed using a chromogenic method. The effect of lupeol on hyperglycemia after a meal was measured by postprandial blood glucose in STZ-induced diabetic and normal mice. The mice were treated orally with soluble starch (2 g/kg BW) alone (control) or with lupeol (10 mg/kg BW) or acarbose (10 mg/kg BW) dissolved in water. Blood samples were taken from tail veins at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min and blood glucose was measured by a glucometer. Lupeol showed noticeable inhibitory activities on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of lupeol on α-glucosidase and α-amylase were 46.23 ± 9.03 and 84.13 ± 6.82 μM, respectively, which were more significantly effective than those of acarbose, which is a positive control. Increase in postprandial blood glucose level was more significantly lowered in the lupeol-administered group than in the control group of both STZ-induced diabetic and normal mice. In addition, the area under the curve was significantly declined with lupeol administration in the STZ-induced diabetic mice. These findings suggest that lupeol can help lower the postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting carbohydrate-digesting enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ah Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sook Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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26
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Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenes are important representatives of natural products that exhibit a wide variety of biological activities. These activities suggest that these compounds may represent potential medicines for the treatment of cancer and viral, bacterial, or protozoal infections. Naturally occurring triterpenes usually have several drawbacks, such as limited activity and insufficient solubility and bioavailability; therefore, they need to be modified to obtain compounds suitable for drug development. Modifications can be achieved either by methods of standard organic synthesis or with the use of biocatalysts, such as enzymes or enzyme systems within living organisms. In most cases, these modifications result in the preparation of esters, amides, saponins, or sugar conjugates. Notably, while standard organic synthesis has been heavily used and developed, the use of the latter methodology has been rather limited, but it appears that biocatalysis has recently sparked considerably wider interest within the scientific community. Among triterpenes, derivatives of lupane play important roles. This review therefore summarizes the natural occurrence and sources of lupane triterpenoids, their biosynthesis, and semisynthetic methods that may be used for the production of betulinic acid from abundant and inexpensive betulin. Most importantly, this article compares chemical transformations of lupane triterpenoids with analogous reactions performed by biocatalysts and highlights a large space for the future development of biocatalysis in this field. The results of this study may serve as a summary of the current state of research and demonstrate the potential of the method in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bachořík
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Milan Urban
- Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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27
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Che S, Wu S, Yu P. Lupeol induces autophagy and apoptosis with reduced cancer stem-like properties in retinoblastoma via phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:208-215. [PMID: 33836050 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the anticancer effects of lupeol in retinoblastoma cells. METHODS WERI-Rb-1 and Y-79 cell lines were used to evaluate the anticancer effect of lupeol. After lupeol treatment, the viability, proliferation, apoptosis, cancer stem-like properties, autophagy and in vivo tumour xenograft formation were detected. KEY FINDINGS In this study, lupeol decreased cell viability in both WERI-Rb-1 and Y-79 cell lines. Lupeol could also inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of RB cells, with increased Bax level and decreased Ki67, survivin and Bcl-2 levels. Furthermore, lupeol could suppress the spheroid formation and stem-like properties of RB cells. Moreover, LC3 II/LC3 I ratio and the levels of Beclin1 and ATG7 were increased after lupeol treatment, indicating that lupeol could induce autophagy in RB cells. Next, the inhibitory effect of lupeol on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway was observed. In tumour-bearing mice, lupeol suppressed tumour growth, and this might relate to its role in cell apoptosis, autophagy and stem-like properties. CONCLUSIONS Lupeol suppressed proliferation and cancer stem-like properties, and promoted autophagy and apoptosis of RB cells by restraining the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtian Che
- Department of Ocular Fundus Disease, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Department of Orbital Disease and Ocular Plastic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Ocular Fundus Disease, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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28
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Huang S, Mo C, Zeng T, Lai Y, Zhou C, Xie S, Chen L, Wang Y, Chen Y, Huang S, Gao L, Lv Z. Lupeol ameliorates LPS/D-GalN induced acute hepatic damage by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress through TGFβ1-Nrf2 signal pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6592-6605. [PMID: 33707345 PMCID: PMC7993700 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute hepatic damage is a severe condition characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress, which is a serious threat to people's life and health. But there are few effective treatments for acute liver injury. Therefore, safe and effective therapeutic approaches for preventing acute liver damage are urgently needed. Lupeol is a natural compound, which has significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in liver disease. However, the protective mechanism of lupeol against acute liver injury remains unclear. Here, zebrafish and mutant mice were utilized to investigate the protective effects of lupeol against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ D-galactosamine(D-GalN) -induced liver injury and the underlying mechanisms. We found that pretreatment with lupeol attenuated the LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury by decreasing the infiltration of inflammatory cells and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. We also demonstrated that lupeol could protect injured liver from oxidative stress by downregulating the expression of TGFβ1 and upregulating Nrf2. Notably, our experimental results provided the support that lupeol effectively protected against LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver injury via suppression of inflammation response and oxidative stress, which were largely dependent on the upregulation of the Nrf2 pathway via downregulating TGFβ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Chan Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqi Lai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuying Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunwen Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuyao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiping Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
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Kim H, Lee DG. Lupeol-induced nitric oxide elicits apoptosis-like death within Escherichia coli in a DNA fragmentation-independent manner. Biochem J 2021; 478:855-69. [PMID: 33522568 DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20200925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lupeol is known to be plentiful in fruits or plant barks and has an antimicrobial effect, however, its mode of action(s) has yet to be determined. To elucidate lupeol generates nitric oxide (NO), which is recognized for possessing an antimicrobial activity, intracellular NO was measured in Escherichia coli using DAF-FM. Using the properties of NO passing through plasma membrane easily, increased malondialdehyde levels have shown that lupeol causes lipid peroxidation, and the resulting membrane depolarization was confirmed by DiBAC4(3). These data indicated that lupeol-induced NO is related to the destruction of bacterial membrane. Further study was performed to examine whether NO, known as a cell proliferation inhibitor, affects bacterial cell division. As a result, DAPI staining verified that lupeol promotes cell division arrest, and followed by early apoptosis is observed in Annexin V/PI double staining. Even though these apoptotic hallmarks appeared, the endonuclease failed to perform properly with supporting data of decreased intracellular Mg2+ and Ca2+ levels without DNA fragmentation, which is confirmed using a TUNEL assay. These findings indicated that lupeol-induced NO occurs DNA fragmentation-independent bacterial apoptosis-like death (ALD). Additionally, lupeol triggers DNA filamentation and morphological changes in response to DNA repair system called SOS system. In accordance with the fact that ALD deems to SOS response, and that the RecA is considered as a caspase-like protein, increase in caspase-like protein activation occurred in E. coli wild-type, and no ΔRecA mutant. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that the antibacterial mode of action(s) of lupeol is an ALD while generating NO.
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Liu BJ, Ning Q, Zhong RL, Xia Z, Jiang ZY, Song J, Wei YJ. [Effect of lupeol on invasion and metastasis of human hepatoma HepG2 and SK-HEP-1 cells and its mechanism]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2021; 45:6028-6035. [PMID: 33496144 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200901.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation(EMT) exists in embryonic development and is closely related to cell migration and invasion. The increased EMT level in tumors showed that E-cadherin was replaced by N-cadherin, and the expression of interstitial markers such as α-SMA and vimentin was up-regulated. It has been reported that lupeol can reduce the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and N-cadherin to inhibit the metastasis of osteoma cells. However lupeol has been less studied in liver cancer. Therefore, this paper investigated the effect of lupanol on invasion and metastasis of human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and SK-HEP-1 and its possible mechanism. MTT assay and Annexin V/PI double staining were used to investigate the effect of lupeol on activity and apoptosis of HepG2 cells and SK-HEP-1 cells. Moreover, the effect of lupeol on the invasion of HepG2 cells and SK-HEP-1 cells were evaluated by Transwell assay. The expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, α-SMA, vimentin and MMP-9 were measured by Western blot. The model of subcutaneous transplantation of nude mice and the lung metastasis model of H22 hepatocellular carcinoma cells were established to evaluate the efficacy of lupeol in vivo on tumor growth and lung metastasis by HE staining combined with immunohistochemical assay. The results showed that lupeol inhibited the activity and invasion of HepG2 cells and SK-HEP-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis. Western blot showed that the expression of E-cadherin, a landmark protein for EMT, was induced by lupeol, and the expressions of N-cadherin, α-SMA, vimentin and MMP-9 were decreased. In vivo experiments showed that lupeol inhibited tumor growth in mice bearing xenograft. In addition, immunohistochemical experiments confirmed that lupeol could up-regulate the expression of E-cadherin in tumor tissues of nude mice, reduce the expression of N-cadherin, and inhibit the metastasis of liver cancer H22 cells in the lungs of mice. The above results indicated that the mechanism of lupeol inhibiting the invasion and metastasis of HCC cells may be related to the regulation of EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Jia Liu
- Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210028, China Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Drug Release System, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Qing Ning
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Drug Release System, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Rong-Ling Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Drug Release System, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Zhi Xia
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Drug Release System, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Zi-Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Drug Release System, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Jie Song
- Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210028, China Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Drug Release System, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Ying-Jie Wei
- Third School of Clinical Medical of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210028, China Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Drug Release System, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210028, China
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Buakaew W, Pankla Sranujit R, Noysang C, Thongsri Y, Potup P, Nuengchamnong N, Suphrom N, Usuwanthim K. Phytochemical Constituents of Citrus hystrix DC. Leaves Attenuate Inflammation via NF-κB Signaling and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity in Macrophages. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010105. [PMID: 33466926 PMCID: PMC7829879 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus hystrix DC. (CH) is found in many countries in Southeast Asia. This plant has been reported for anti-microbial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. However, the anti-inflammatory and anti-inflammasome properties of the leaves remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CH leaves on NLRP3 and NF-κB signaling pathways. CH leaves were sequentially extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate and 95% ethanol to give three crude extracts. An active compound, lupeol was fractionated from the ethanolic extract using chromatographic techniques, and its structure was identified and confirmed by spectroscopic methods. Anti-inflammatory activities were observed on both lipopolysaccharide-stimulated and NLRP3 adenosine triphosphate-induced macrophages. The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) was analyzed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Real-time qRT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure inflammatory-associated gene expression. NF-κB protein expressions were investigated using the immunoblotting technique. The active fraction of ethanolic CH leaves and lupeol significantly reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressed the expression of both inflammasome genes and NF-κB proteins. The ethanolic extract of CH leaves and lupeol showed potent anti-inflammatory activities by targeting NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watunyoo Buakaew
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (W.B.); (Y.T.); (P.P.)
| | - Rungnapa Pankla Sranujit
- Thai Traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12130, Thailand; (R.P.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Chanai Noysang
- Thai Traditional Medicine College, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12130, Thailand; (R.P.S.); (C.N.)
| | - Yordhathai Thongsri
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (W.B.); (Y.T.); (P.P.)
| | - Pachuen Potup
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (W.B.); (Y.T.); (P.P.)
| | - Nitra Nuengchamnong
- Science Laboratory Centre, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Nungruthai Suphrom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Kanchana Usuwanthim
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (W.B.); (Y.T.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-55-966-411
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Akinloye OA, Akinloye DI, Lawal MA, Shittu MT, Metibemu DS. Terpenoids from Azadirachta indica are potent inhibitors of Akt: Validation of the anticancer potentials in hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13559. [PMID: 33190241 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary malignancy with poor patient prognosis and a high mortality rate. In this study, phytochemicals characterized from Azadirachta indica were screened against the catalytic site of Akt, and the anticancer potentials of the extracted leads (terpenoids) were determined in hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar rats. The lead compounds are terpenoids; hence, the extraction of terpenoids from A. indica. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) was employed for the characterization of the extract. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar rats were treated with the terpenoids extract. The hit, lupeol demonstrates inhibition of Akt and is a potential drug candidate. The terpenoids extract downregulate Akt mRNA and demonstrated anti-Akt downstream signaling effects; anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis, pro-apoptotic, and cell cycle arrest, it also demonstrated cellular regeneration, hepatoprotection, antioxidant potentials, and cellular repairs in hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy with poor patient prognosis and a high mortality rate. Akt, a serine/threonine kinase is at the crossroad of cell survival, the progression of the cell cycle, cell signaling, cell growth, cell division, and inactivation of pro-apoptotic factors. The inhibition of Akt is an effective therapeutic strategy against HCC. In this study, terpenoids from Azadirachta indica are potent inhibitors of Akt and hitherto demonstrate anticancer potentials. A. indica leaves are readily available globally and more also it is readily cultivated in African and Asia, continents with the highest prevalence of HCC. A. indica terpenoids extract demonstrate anti-HCC potentials and hence should be exploited in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluseyi A Akinloye
- Department of Biochemistry, Phytomedicine, Phyto-chemistry and Bio-computing Research Laboratory, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Dorcas I Akinloye
- Department of Biochemistry, Phytomedicine, Phyto-chemistry and Bio-computing Research Laboratory, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Mariam A Lawal
- Department of Biochemistry, Phytomedicine, Phyto-chemistry and Bio-computing Research Laboratory, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Mujidat T Shittu
- Department of Biochemistry, Phytomedicine, Phyto-chemistry and Bio-computing Research Laboratory, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Damilohun S Metibemu
- Department of Biochemistry, Phytomedicine, Phyto-chemistry and Bio-computing Research Laboratory, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Yu T, Hu Z, Wang Y. An LC-ESI/MS/MS method for the determination of lupeol via precolumn derivatization and its application to pharmacokinetic studies in rat plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5005. [PMID: 33067801 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lupeol, a phytosterol and triterpene, is widely found in edible fruits and vegetables, and has been reported to exhibit a spectrum of pharmacological activities against various disease conditions. In the present study, a derivative generated by the reaction of lupeol with p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate was ionizable and fragmentable in the negative mode by electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry. Based on this simple chemical derivatization, a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantification of lupeol in rat plasma. The calibration curves were linear (r2 > 0.999) over concentrations from 2.5 to 250 ng/ml for lupeol. The method had an accuracy of 96.0-109.4%, and the intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD) were within ± 15%. The stability data showed that no significant degradation occurred under the experimental conditions. The mean recoveries at three quality control levels were within 88.7-95.7%. No significant matrix effects (105.3-109.8%) were observed in rat plasma. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of lupeol in rat plasma after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Center for Bioactive Products, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Center for Bioactive Products, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Center for Bioactive Products, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field, Ministry of Education, Center for Bioactive Products, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Simões R, Rodrigues A, Ferreira-Dias S, Miranda I, Pereira H. Chemical Composition of Cuticular Waxes and Pigments and Morphology of Leaves of Quercus suber Trees of Different Provenance. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9091165. [PMID: 32916803 PMCID: PMC7570358 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of cuticular waxes and pigments and the morphological features of cork oak (Quercus suber) leaves were determined for six samples with seeds of different geographical origins covering the natural distribution of the species. The leaves of all samples exhibited a hard texture and oval shape with a dark green colour on the hairless adaxial surface, while the abaxial surface was lighter, with numerous stomata and densely covered with trichomes in the form of stellate multicellular hairs. The results suggest an adaptive role of leaf features among samples of different provenance and the potential role of such variability in dealing with varying temperatures and rainfall regimes through local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity, as was seen in the trial site, since no significant differences in leaf traits among the various specimens were found, for example, specific leaf area 55.6-67.8 cm2/g, leaf size 4.6-6.8 cm2 and photosynthetic pigment (total chlorophyll, 31.8-40.4 µg/cm2). The leaves showed a substantial cuticular wax layer (154.3-235.1 µg/cm2) composed predominantly of triterpenes and aliphatic compounds (61-72% and 17-23% of the identified compounds, respectively) that contributed to forming a nearly impermeable membrane that helps the plant cope with drought conditions. These characteristics are related to the species and did not differ among trees of different seed origin. The major identified compound was lupeol, indicating that cork oak leaves may be considered as a potential source of this bioactive compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Simões
- Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.S.); (A.R.); (H.P.)
| | - Ana Rodrigues
- Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.S.); (A.R.); (H.P.)
| | - Suzana Ferreira-Dias
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Miranda
- Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.S.); (A.R.); (H.P.)
| | - Helena Pereira
- Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.S.); (A.R.); (H.P.)
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Singh A, Mukhtar HM, Kaur H, Kaur L. Investigation of antiplasmodial efficacy of lupeol and ursolic acid isolated from Ficus benjamina leaves extract. Nat Prod Res 2020; 34:2514-2517. [PMID: 30600705 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1540476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study emphasizes on the investigation of antiplasmodial activity of triterpenoids isolated from Ficus benjamina leaves. An unsaponified fraction of petroleum ether extract of plant leaves was subjected to silica gel column chromatography which led to the isolation of two known triterpenoids; namely ursolic acid and lupeol. These compounds were evaluated for antiplasmodial activity by schizont maturation inhibition assay using 3D7 Plasmodium strains. Both, ursolic acid and lupeol were found to exhibit significant antiplasmodial effect with an IC50 value of 18 µg/ml and 3.8 µg/ml, respectively. This study further confirms the traditional role of Ficus benjamina plant in the treatment of malaria which may be attributed to ursolic acid and lupeol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IKG Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, India
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, India
| | - Hayat Mohammad Mukhtar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, SBS College of Pharmacy, Tarn Taran, India
| | - Hardeep Kaur
- PG Department of Chemistry, Khalsa College Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Lakhvir Kaur
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, India
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Pereira Beserra F, Sérgio Gushiken LF, Vieira AJ, Augusto Bérgamo D, Luísa Bérgamo P, Oliveira de Souza M, Alberto Hussni C, Kiomi Takahira R, Henrique Nóbrega R, Monteiro Martinez ER, John Jackson C, Lemos de Azevedo Maia G, Leite Rozza A, Helena Pellizzon C. From Inflammation to Cutaneous Repair: Topical Application of Lupeol Improves Skin Wound Healing in Rats by Modulating the Cytokine Levels, NF-κB, Ki-67, Growth Factor Expression, and Distribution of Collagen Fibers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144952. [PMID: 32668794 PMCID: PMC7404060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin wound healing is a highly complex event that involves different mediators at the cellular and molecular level. Lupeol has been reported to possess different biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and in vitro wound healing properties, which motivated us to proceed with in vivo studies. We aimed to investigate the wound healing effect of lupeol-based cream for 3, 7, and 14 days. Wound excisions were induced on the thoraco-lumbar region of rats and topically treated immediately after injury induction. Macroscopic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Cytokine levels were measured by ELISA and gene expression was evaluated by real-time RT-qPCR. Our results showed a strong wound-healing effect of lupeol-based cream after 7 and 14 days. Lupeol treatment caused a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1β, and IL-6) and gene and protein NF-κB expression, and positively altered IL-10 levels, showing anti-inflammatory effects in the three treatment periods. Lupeol treatment showed involvement in the proliferative phase by stimulating the formation of new blood vessels, increasing the immunostaining of Ki-67 and gene expression, and immunolabeling of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), and increasing gene expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) after seven days of treatment. Lupeol was also involved in the tissue regeneration phase by increasing the synthesis of collagen fibers noted in the three treatment periods analyzed. Our findings suggest that lupeol may serve as a novel therapeutic option to treat cutaneous wounds by regulating mechanisms involved in the inflammatory, proliferative, and tissue-remodeling phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pereira Beserra
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil; (L.F.S.G.); (A.J.V.); (D.A.B.); (P.L.B.); (M.O.d.S.); (R.H.N.); (E.R.M.M.); (A.L.R.); (C.H.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucas Fernando Sérgio Gushiken
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil; (L.F.S.G.); (A.J.V.); (D.A.B.); (P.L.B.); (M.O.d.S.); (R.H.N.); (E.R.M.M.); (A.L.R.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Ana Júlia Vieira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil; (L.F.S.G.); (A.J.V.); (D.A.B.); (P.L.B.); (M.O.d.S.); (R.H.N.); (E.R.M.M.); (A.L.R.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Danilo Augusto Bérgamo
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil; (L.F.S.G.); (A.J.V.); (D.A.B.); (P.L.B.); (M.O.d.S.); (R.H.N.); (E.R.M.M.); (A.L.R.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Patrícia Luísa Bérgamo
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil; (L.F.S.G.); (A.J.V.); (D.A.B.); (P.L.B.); (M.O.d.S.); (R.H.N.); (E.R.M.M.); (A.L.R.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Mariana Oliveira de Souza
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil; (L.F.S.G.); (A.J.V.); (D.A.B.); (P.L.B.); (M.O.d.S.); (R.H.N.); (E.R.M.M.); (A.L.R.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Carlos Alberto Hussni
- Department of Surgery and Veterinary Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Regina Kiomi Takahira
- Department of Clinics Veterinary, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Henrique Nóbrega
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil; (L.F.S.G.); (A.J.V.); (D.A.B.); (P.L.B.); (M.O.d.S.); (R.H.N.); (E.R.M.M.); (A.L.R.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Emanuel Ricardo Monteiro Martinez
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil; (L.F.S.G.); (A.J.V.); (D.A.B.); (P.L.B.); (M.O.d.S.); (R.H.N.); (E.R.M.M.); (A.L.R.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Christopher John Jackson
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonard, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | | | - Ariane Leite Rozza
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil; (L.F.S.G.); (A.J.V.); (D.A.B.); (P.L.B.); (M.O.d.S.); (R.H.N.); (E.R.M.M.); (A.L.R.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Cláudia Helena Pellizzon
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil; (L.F.S.G.); (A.J.V.); (D.A.B.); (P.L.B.); (M.O.d.S.); (R.H.N.); (E.R.M.M.); (A.L.R.); (C.H.P.)
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Eom S, Kim C, Yeom HD, Lee J, Lee S, Baek YB, Na J, Park SI, Kim GY, Lee CM, Lee JH. Molecular Regulation of α3β4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors by Lupeol in Cardiovascular System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4329. [PMID: 32570692 PMCID: PMC7352637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) occurs globally and has a high mortality rate. The highest risk factor for developing CVD is high blood pressure. Currently, natural products are emerging for the treatment of hypertension to avoid the side effects of drugs. Among existing natural products, lupeol is known to be effective against hypertension in animal experiments. However, there exists no study regarding the molecular physiological evidence against the effects of lupeol. Consequently, we investigated the interaction of lupeol with α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In this study, we performed a two-electrode voltage-clamp technique to investigate the effect of lupeol on the α3β4 nicotine acetylcholine receptor using the oocytes of Xenopus laevis. Coapplication of acetylcholine and lupeol inhibited the activity of α3β4 nAChRs in a concentration-dependent, voltage-independent, and reversible manner. We also conducted a mutational experiment to investigate the influence of residues of the α3 and β4 subunits on lupeol binding with nAChRs. Double mutants of α3β4 (I37A/N132A), nAChRs significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of lupeol compared to wild-type α3β4 nAChRs. A characteristic of α3β4 nAChRs is their effect on transmission in the cardiac sympathetic ganglion. Overall, it is hypothesized that lupeol lowers hypertension by mediating its effects on α3β4 nAChRs. The interaction between lupeol and α3β4 nAChRs provides evidence against its effect on hypertension at the molecular-cell level. In conclusion, the inhibitory effect of lupeol is proposed as a novel therapeutic approach involving the antihypertensive targeting of α3β4 nAChRs. Furthermore, it is proposed that the molecular basis of the interaction between lupeol and α3β4 nAChRs would be helpful in cardiac-pharmacology research and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanung Eom
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61886, Korea; (S.E.); (C.K.); (H.D.Y.); (J.L.); (S.L.) (J.N.)
| | - Chaelin Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61886, Korea; (S.E.); (C.K.); (H.D.Y.); (J.L.); (S.L.) (J.N.)
| | - Hye Duck Yeom
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61886, Korea; (S.E.); (C.K.); (H.D.Y.); (J.L.); (S.L.) (J.N.)
| | - Jaeeun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61886, Korea; (S.E.); (C.K.); (H.D.Y.); (J.L.); (S.L.) (J.N.)
| | - Shinhui Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61886, Korea; (S.E.); (C.K.); (H.D.Y.); (J.L.); (S.L.) (J.N.)
| | - Yeong-Bin Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.-B.B.); (S.-I.P.)
| | - Jinseong Na
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61886, Korea; (S.E.); (C.K.); (H.D.Y.); (J.L.); (S.L.) (J.N.)
| | - Sang-Ik Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.-B.B.); (S.-I.P.)
| | - Gye-Yeop Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Korea;
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.-B.B.); (S.-I.P.)
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61886, Korea; (S.E.); (C.K.); (H.D.Y.); (J.L.); (S.L.) (J.N.)
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Mierina I, Vilskersts R, Turks M. Delivery Systems for Birch-bark Triterpenoids and their Derivatives in Anticancer Research. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1308-1336. [PMID: 29848269 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180530095657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Birch-bark triterpenoids and their semi-synthetic derivatives possess a wide range of biological activities including cytotoxic effects on various tumor cell lines. However, due to the low solubility and bioavailability, their medicinal applications are rather limited. The use of various nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems is a rapidly developing approach to the solubilization of insufficiently bioavailable pharmaceuticals. Herein, the drug delivery systems deemed to be applicable for birch-bark triterpenoid structures are reviewed. The aforementioned disadvantages of birch-bark triterpenoids and their semi-synthetic derivatives can be overcome through their incorporation into organic nanoparticles, which include various dendrimeric systems, as well as embedding the active compounds into polymer matrices or complexation with carbohydrate nanoparticles without covalent bonding. Some of the known triterpenoid delivery systems consist of nanoparticles featuring inorganic cores covered with carbohydrates or other polymers. Methods for delivering the title compounds through encapsulation and emulsification into lipophilic media are also suitable. Besides, the birch-bark triterpenoids can form self-assembling systems with increased bio-availability. Even more, the self-assembling systems are used as carriers for delivering other chemotherapeutic agents. Another advantage besides increased bioavailability and anticancer activity is the reduced overall systemic toxicity in most of the cases, when triterpenoids are delivered with any of the carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inese Mierina
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Reinis Vilskersts
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia; 3Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Māris Turks
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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Abstract
In our previous work, lupeol was isolated from aerial parts of V. scorpioides and modified by semisynthetic approach. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of lupeol and its derivatives previously prepared on the human K562 acute myeloid leukemia cell and human Jurkat acute lymphoid leukemia cell in vitro. Compounds 3β-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-30-al (2), lup-20(30)-en-3β,29-diol (3), 3β-acetoxylup-20(29)-en-30-al (5) and 3β-acetoxy-30-hydroxylup-20(29)-ene (6) presented cytotoxicity with IC50 ranging from 11.72 to 56.15 µM at 24 h of incubation for both cell lines. Most of the active compounds (3, 5 and 6) were selective to leukemia cells, in compare with healthy cells. The hemolysis assay showed high blood compatibility of the cytotoxic lupeol derivatives which makes possible an intravenous administration of these compounds aiming to the potential to development of anti-leukemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rocha Machado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Amanda Virtuoso Jacques
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Natália Stefanes Marceli
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Maique Weber Biavatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
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Anuchapreeda S, Chueahongthong F, Viriyaadhammaa N, Panyajai P, Anzawa R, Tima S, Ampasavate C, Saiai A, Rungrojsakul M, Usuki T, Okonogi S. Antileukemic Cell Proliferation of Active Compounds from Kaffir Lime ( Citrus hystrix) Leaves. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061300. [PMID: 32178481 PMCID: PMC7144100 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) is a plant member of family Rutaceae, and its leaves are commonly used in folk medicine. The present study explores antileukemic effects of the extracts and purified active compounds from the leaves. The antileukemic activity was investigated via inhibition of Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1), which is a protein that involves in leukemic cell proliferation. In addition, the compounds were investigated for their effects on WT1 gene expression using real time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Cell cycle arrest and total cell number were investigated using flow cytometry and trypan blue exclusion method, respectively. The results demonstrated that the hexane fractionated extract had the greatest inhibitory effect on WT1 gene expression of many leukemic cell lines and significantly decreased WT1 protein levels of K562 cells (representative of the leukemic cells), in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Subfraction No. 9 (F9) after partial purification of hexane fractioned extract showed the highest suppression on WT1 protein and suppressed cell cycle at G2/M. The organic compounds were isolated from F9 and identified as phytol and lupeol. The bioassays confirmed antiproliferative activities of natural products phytol and lupeol. The results demonstrated anticancer activity of the isolated phytol and lupeol to decrease leukemic cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (F.C.); (N.V.); (P.P.); (S.T.)
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan;
- Cancer Research Unit of Associated Medical Sciences (AMS CRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (T.U.); (S.O.); Tel.: +66-5394-9237 (S.A.); +81-3-3238-3446 (T.U.); +66-5394-1512 (S.O.)
| | - Fah Chueahongthong
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (F.C.); (N.V.); (P.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Natsima Viriyaadhammaa
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (F.C.); (N.V.); (P.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Pawaret Panyajai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (F.C.); (N.V.); (P.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Riki Anzawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan;
| | - Singkome Tima
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (F.C.); (N.V.); (P.P.); (S.T.)
- Cancer Research Unit of Associated Medical Sciences (AMS CRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chadarat Ampasavate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Aroonchai Saiai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Methee Rungrojsakul
- College of Alternative Medicine, Chandrakasem Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Toyonobu Usuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan;
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (T.U.); (S.O.); Tel.: +66-5394-9237 (S.A.); +81-3-3238-3446 (T.U.); +66-5394-1512 (S.O.)
| | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (T.U.); (S.O.); Tel.: +66-5394-9237 (S.A.); +81-3-3238-3446 (T.U.); +66-5394-1512 (S.O.)
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Wang Z, Han Y, Tian S, Bao J, Wang Y, Jiao J. Lupeol Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Correlation with Modulation of PI3K/Akt Pathway. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1381-1390. [PMID: 32581541 PMCID: PMC7276199 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s237406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of lupeol on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS The effects of lupeol on cerebral infarction, cerebral water content, neurological symptoms and cerebral blood flow in rats were evaluated. Nissl staining was carried out to assess the neuronal damage of ischemic brain after I/R in rats. Apoptosis of ischemic brain neurons after I/R was detected by TUNEL staining. Western blotting was carried out to detect the effects of lupeol on the expression of p-PDK1, p-Akt, pc-Raf, p-BAD, cleaved caspase-3 and p-PTEN. RESULTS Lupeol significantly increased cerebral blood flow after I/R in rats, reduced brain water content and infarct volume, and decreased neurological function scores. It significantly reduced neuronal damage after I/R in rats, and significantly reduced neuronal cell loss. PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) can eliminate the effect of lupeol on I/R in rats. In addition, lupeol significantly increased the protein expression of p-PDK1, p-Akt, pc-Raf, p-BAD, and down-regulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3. LY294002 reversed the effects of lupeol on the expression of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins and cleaved caspase-3 after I/R in rats. CONCLUSION Lupeol had significant neuroprotective effects on brain I/R injury and neuronal apoptosis, and its mechanism may be related to the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfen Han
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Sergeant School of Army Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiang Bao
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050031, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Jiao
- Department of Internal Medicine-Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province 050031, People's Republic of China
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Bello OM, Ogbesejana AB, Adetunji CO, Oguntoye SO. Flavonoids Isolated from Vitex grandifolia, an Underutilized Vegetable, Exert Monoamine A & B Inhibitory and Anti-inflammatory Effects and Their Structure-activity Relationship. Turk J Pharm Sci 2019; 16:437-443. [PMID: 32454747 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.46036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Vitex grandifolia belongs to family Lamiaceae; it consists of flowering plants and it is also called the mint family. The Yoruba people of southwest Nigeria called it "Oriri" or "Efo oriri". This plant is classified as an underutilized vegetable and little is known about its phytochemistry or its biological evaluations. Materials and Methods Methanol extracts of the dried leaves and stem of the plant were subjected to fractionation and isolation using vacuum layer and column chromatography methods. The structures of the compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques including IR, 1D-, and 2D-NMR and by comparison with the data reported in the literature. They were evaluated in vitro for the inhibition of monoamine recombinant human MAO-A and -B and anti-inflammatory activities. Results Three known flavonoids were isolated from the methanolic extract of the leaves of V. grandifolia for the first time to the best of our knowledge, i.e. isoorientin (1), orientin (2), and isovitexin (3). Most of the isolated compounds showed selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase B, inhibition of MAO-B by isoorientin (1) and orientin (2) were 9-fold more potent (IC50 (μg/mL) of 11.08 and 11.04) compared to the inhibition of MAO-A (IC50 (μg/mL) of ˃100), while clorgyline and deprenyl were used as positive standards. The isolated flavonoids displayed good activity against the NF-ﭏb assay with IC50 (μg/mL) of 8.9, 12, and 18. This study establishes a link between the structure and the biological activities on the basis of the different patterns of substitution, particularly the C2=C3 double bond and the position of glucose moiety. Conclusion This study is the first to establish the phytochemistry of the polar part of V. grandifolia and the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective role of these isolated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwasesan M Bello
- Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Department of Applied Chemistry, Katsina State, Nigeria.,University of Ilorin, Department of Chemistry, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun B Ogbesejana
- Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Department of Applied Chemistry, Katsina State, Nigeria
| | - Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
- Edo University Iyamho, Department of Microbiology, Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, KM 7, Auchi-Abuja Road, Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
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Zar Wynn Myint K, Kido T, Kusakari K, Prasad Devkota H, Kawahara T, Watanabe T. Rhusflavanone and mesuaferrone B: tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory biflavonoids extracted from the stamens of Mesua ferrea L. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1024-1028. [PMID: 31135222 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1613395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemical isolation and bioactivity studies were conducted on the stamens of Mesua ferrea L., which are being used in a traditional skincare formulation in Myanmar. Rhusflavanone and mesuaferrone B were obtained as the main biflavonoids together with lupeol, five common flavonoids, and five phenolic compounds. After being identified by NMR and other spectroscopic analyses, these compounds were evaluated for their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical scavenging, human leukocyte elastase inhibitory, and mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activities. The two biflavonoids exhibited strong inhibitory activities against elastase and tyrosinase, but low DPPH-radical scavenging activities. The contents of rhusflavanone and mesuaferrone B in the stamens were 0.35 ± 0.04% and 0.55 ± 0.06%, respectively. Moreover, lupeol was considered to be a cosmetically important component of the stamens because of its high content and strong elastase inhibitory activity. Rhusflavanone was reported to be isolated from M. ferrea for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khine Zar Wynn Myint
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools, HIGO Program, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takumi Kido
- Aging Research Center, Saishunkan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ken Kusakari
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Program for Leading Graduate Schools, HIGO Program, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Teppei Kawahara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Mbaveng AT, Damen F, Çelik İ, Tane P, Kuete V, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of the crude extract and constituents of the bark of Fagara tessmannii towards multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 235:28-37. [PMID: 30703492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fagara tessmannii Engl. is an African medicinal plant used in Cameroonian traditional medicine to treat various types of cancers. AIM OF THE STUDY This work was designed to determine the cytotoxicity of the crude extract (FTB), fractions (FTBa-d) and compounds isolated from the bark of Fagara tessmannii, namely lupeol (1), fagaramide (2), zanthoxyline (3), hesperidin (4), nitidine chloride (5), fagaridine chloride (6), and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7). The study was extended to the mode of induction of apoptosis by FTB, compounds 5 and 6. MATERIALS AND METHODS The resazurin reduction assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of samples. The cell cycle, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by flow cytometry. Column chromatography was used for the purification of FTB. Meanwhile, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis was applied for structural elucidation. RESULTS The crude extract, fractions FTBa, FTBc, FTBd as well as compounds 5 and 6 revealed cytotoxicity towards the 9 tested cancer cell lines. The IC50 values ranged from 17.34 µg/mL (towards U87MG.ΔEGFR glioblastoma cells) to 40.68 µg/mL (against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) for FTB, from 16.78 µg/mL (towards U87. MGΔEGFR cells) to 37.42 µg/mL (against CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells) for FTBa, from 19.47 µg/mL (towards U87. MG glioblastoma cells) to 41.62 µg/mL (against CCRF-CEM cells) for FTBc, from 14.17 µg/mL (against HCT116p53-/- colon adenocarcinoma cells) to 22.28 µg/mL (towards CEM-ADR5000 cells) for FTBd, from 1.75 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 23.52 µM (against U87. MGΔEGFR cells) for compound 5, from 1.69 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 22.06 µM (against HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells) for compound 6 and from 0.02 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 122.96 µM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin. FTB induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells mediated by enhanced ROS production. Compound 5 induced apoptosis through caspases activation and increase ROS production. Meanwhile, 6 induced apoptosis mediated by caspases activation, MMP alteration and enhanced ROS production. CONCLUSION Fagara tessmannii as well as its constituents 5 and 6 revealed considerable cytotoxicity and may be suitable candidates deserving to be further explored to develop new anticancer drugs to combat sensitive and resistant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Francois Damen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - İlhami Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Tecnical University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Pierre Tane
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Malik A, Jamil U, Butt TT, Waquar S, Gan SH, Shafique H, Jafar TH. In silico and in vitro studies of lupeol and iso-orientin as potential antidiabetic agents in a rat model. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:1501-1513. [PMID: 31123393 PMCID: PMC6510393 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s176698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In silico characterization can help to explain the interaction between molecules and predict three-dimensional structures. Various studies have confirmed the glucose-lowering effects of plant extracts, ie, lupeol and iso-orientin, which enable them to be used as antidiabetic agents. Purpose: Aims of the present study were to evaluate the hypoglycemic activities of lupeol and iso-orientin in a rat model. The study proposed the effects of alloxan on blood glucose level, body weight, and oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: Thirty (n=30) Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups and were subjected to different combinations of the compounds. Levels of different stress markers, ie, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, nitric oxide, glutathione, glutathione peroxide, glutathione reductase, and blood glucose levels were estimated with their respective methods. Whereas, for their in silico analysis, identified target proteins, GPR40, glucose-6-phosphatase, UCP2, glycogen phosphorylase, aldose reductase, and glucose transporter-4 were docked with lupeol and iso-orientin. Three-dimensional structures were predicted by ERRAT, Rampage, Verify3D, threading and homology approaches. Results: Blood glucose levels were significantly increased in rats receiving intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (208±6.94 mg/dL) as compared to controls (90±7.38 mg/dL). Infected rats were administered plant extracts; combined treatment of both extracts (lupeol+iso-orientin) significantly reduced the levels of blood glucose (129.06±6.29 mg/dL) and improved the antioxidant status. Fifteen structures of each selected protein were evaluated using various techniques. Consequently, satisfactory quality factors [GPR40 (96.41%), glucose-6-phosphatase (96.56%), UCP2 (72.56%), glycogen phosphorylase (87.24%), aldose reductase (82.46%), and glucose transporter-4 (94.29%)] were selected. Molecular docking revealed interacting residues, effective drug properties and their binding affinities (ie, -8.9 to -12.6 Kcal/mol). Conclusion: Results of the study affirmed the antidiabetic activities of lupeol and iso-orientin. Administration of these extracts (either individually or in combination) significantly reduced blood glucose levels and oxidative stress. Hence, it may be considered beneficial in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Jamil
- Department of Physiology, Shalamar Medical and Dental College Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Tahir Butt
- Department of Biochemistry, Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Sulayman Waquar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan47500, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Shafique
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tassadaq Hussain Jafar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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D'Adamo S, Schiano di Visconte G, Lowe G, Szaub‐Newton J, Beacham T, Landels A, Allen MJ, Spicer A, Matthijs M. Engineering the unicellular alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum for high-value plant triterpenoid production. Plant Biotechnol J 2019; 17:75-87. [PMID: 29754445 PMCID: PMC6330534 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant triterpenoids constitute a diverse class of organic compounds that play a major role in development, plant defence and environmental interaction. Several triterpenes have demonstrated potential as pharmaceuticals. One example is betulin, which has shown promise as a pharmaceutical precursor for the treatment of certain cancers and HIV. Major challenges for triterpenoid commercialization include their low production levels and their cost-effective purification from the complex mixtures present in their natural hosts. Therefore, attempts to produce these compounds in industrially relevant microbial systems such as bacteria and yeasts have attracted great interest. Here, we report the production of the triterpenes betulin and its precursor lupeol in the photosynthetic diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a unicellular eukaryotic alga. This was achieved by introducing three plant enzymes in the microalga: a Lotus japonicus oxidosqualene cyclase and a Medicago truncatula cytochrome P450 along with its native reductase. The introduction of the L. japonicus oxidosqualene cyclase perturbed the mRNA expression levels of the native mevalonate and sterol biosynthesis pathway. The best performing strains were selected and grown in a 550-L pilot-scale photobioreactor facility. To our knowledge, this is the most extensive pathway engineering undertaken in a diatom and the first time that a sapogenin has been artificially produced in a microalga, demonstrating the feasibility of the photo-bio-production of more complex high-value, metabolites in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D'Adamo
- Eden LaboratoryAlgenuityStewartbyUK
- Wageningen Universiteit en ResearchcentrumBioprocess EngineeringWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Landels
- PML: Plymouth Marine LaboratoryPlymouthUK
- Rothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - Michael J. Allen
- PML: Plymouth Marine LaboratoryPlymouthUK
- BiosciencesCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
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Wang Y, Hong D, Qian Y, Tu X, Wang K, Yang X, Shao S, Kong X, Lou Z, Jin L. Lupeol inhibits growth and migration in two human colorectal cancer cell lines by suppression of Wnt-β-catenin pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7987-7999. [PMID: 30519040 PMCID: PMC6235339 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s183925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lupeol, a triterpene isolated from various herbal plants, possesses an anti-inflammatory function and has been proposed as a candidate for anticancer agents. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of lupeol on the viability, apoptosis, cell-cycle distribution, and migration of colorectal cancer cell lines and its molecular mechanism. Methods Lupeol was assessed for its anticancer effect using two human colorectal cancer cell lines: SW480 and HCT116. These cells were treated with lupeol, and their viability, apoptosis, migration, and cycle distribution were detected by CCK8, flow cytometry, and the transwell method. Quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were applied to detect the expressions of CTNNB1, TCF4, cMYC, CCND1, CLDN1, and CCNA2. Results Lupeol suppressed cell viability and migration and induced cellular apoptosis of both cell lines, with increased p53 and decreased Bcl2 protein levels (P<0.05). Cell cycles of both lupeol-treated cell lines were arrested in the S phase (P<0.05). Quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses showed significantly reduced expressions of CTNNB1, TCF4, and downstream genes of the Wnt–β-catenin pathway, including the cell-cycle-regulated genes of cMYC and CCND1 of both cell lines upon lupeol treatment (P<0.05). mRNA and protein levels of CLDN1 decreased in HCT116 cells, plus the expression of CCNA2 mRNA and protein decreased in SW480 cells (P<0.05). Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed decreased expression of Wnt–β-catenin signaling. Conclusion Our findings indicate that lupeol effectively inhibits proliferation and migration and induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest of two colorectal cell lines by inactivation of the Wnt–β-catenin signaling pathway and downregulation of cMYC, CCND1, CCNA2, and CLDN1, thereby making it a promising anticancer candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ; .,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Hong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yuqin Qian
- School of the first Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezi Tu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Keke Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xianhong Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Sijia Shao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xinlong Kong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Zhefeng Lou
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Longjin Jin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, ;
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Pereira Beserra F, Xue M, Maia GLDA, Leite Rozza A, Helena Pellizzon C, Jackson CJ. Lupeol, a Pentacyclic Triterpene, Promotes Migration, Wound Closure, and Contractile Effect In Vitro: Possible Involvement of PI3K/Akt and p38/ERK/MAPK Pathways. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112819. [PMID: 30380745 PMCID: PMC6278408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin wound healing is a dynamic and complex process involving several mediators at the cellular and molecular levels. Lupeol, a phytoconstituent belonging to the triterpenes class, is found in several fruit plants and medicinal plants that have been the object of study in the treatment of various diseases, including skin wounds. Various medicinal properties of lupeol have been reported in the literature, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-mutagenic effects. We investigated the effects of lupeol (0.1, 1, 10, and 20 μg/mL) on in vitro wound healing assays and signaling mechanisms in human neonatal foreskin keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Results showed that, at high concentrations, Lupeol reduced cell proliferation of both keratinocytes and fibroblasts, but increased in vitro wound healing in keratinocytes and promoted the contraction of dermal fibroblasts in the collagen gel matrix. This triterpene positively regulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and inhibited the NF-κB expression in keratinocytes, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect. Lupeol also modulated the expression of keratin 16 according to the concentration tested. Additionally, in keratinocytes, lupeol treatment resulted in the activation of Akt, p38, and Tie-2, which are signaling proteins involved in cell proliferation and migration, angiogenesis, and tissue repair. These findings suggest that lupeol has therapeutic potential for accelerating wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Pereira Beserra
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Meilang Xue
- Sutton Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, the University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonard, NSW 2065, Australia.
| | | | - Ariane Leite Rozza
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Helena Pellizzon
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Christopher John Jackson
- Sutton Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, the University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonard, NSW 2065, Australia.
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Lin TT, Wang D, Dai ZB, Zhang XL, Huang LQ. [Construction of cell factories for production of lupeol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2016; 41:1008-15. [PMID: 28875662 DOI: 10.4268/cjcmm20160606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lupane-type triterpenoids, such as betulinic acid, are derived from lupeol and have excellent properties in anti-HIV, anti-cancer activities and so on. For realizing heterogenous production of lupane-type triterpenoids, our research firstly integrated all the seven genes in the MVA pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to increase the supply of squalene (triterpenoids universal precursor) in a single step using the DNA assembler method. Next, cell factories for production of lupeol was constructed by integrating Arabidopsis thaliana lupeol synthetic gene (AtLUP) into chromosome of triterpenoid chassis strain. Results showed that the MVA pathway, about 20 kb nucleotide length, could be assembled in one-pot process and the doubled MVA pathway could significantly improve squalene by 500-fold, reaching 354.00 mg•L⁻¹. NK2-LUP was obtained by introducing AtLUP gene on chromosome, and could produce 8.23 mg•L⁻¹ lupeol. This study supports the possibility of large-scale biosynthetic pathway assembly in S.cerevisiae and lays the foundation of obtaining cell factories for production of lupan-type triterpenoids at the same time.
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Pham Ba VA, Han YM, Cho Y, Kim T, Lee BY, Kim JS, Hong S. Modified Floating Electrode-Based Sensors for the Quantitative Monitoring of Drug Effects on Cytokine Levels Related with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:17100-17106. [PMID: 29701994 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Modified floating electrode-based sensors were developed to quantitatively monitor the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine related with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and to evaluate the effect of drugs on the cytokine levels. Here, antibodies (anti-TNF-α) were immobilized on the floating electrodes of carbon nanotube devices, enabling selective and real-time detection of TNF-α among various cytokines linked to IBD. This sensor was able to measure the concentrations of TNF-α with a detection limit of 1 pg/L, allowing the quantitative estimation of TNF-α secretion from mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Notably, this method also allowed us to monitor the anti-inflammatory effect of a drug, lupeol, on the activation of the LPS-induced nuclear factor κB signaling in Raw 264.7 cells. These results indicate that our novel TNF sensor can be a versatile tool for biomedical research and clinical applications such as screening drug effects and monitoring inflammation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoo Min Han
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute , Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center , Seoul 06236 , Korea
| | | | - Taewan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea
| | - Byung Yang Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute , Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center , Seoul 06236 , Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul 03080 , Korea
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