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Calderon-Monge E, Ribeiro-Soriano D. The role of digitalization in business and management: a systematic literature review. Rev Manag Sci 2023. [PMCID: PMC10043855 DOI: 10.1007/s11846-023-00647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Digitalization is a powerful engine for economic growth in the world. In 2018, digitally transformed firms represented 13.5 billion US dollars of global GDP and, towards the end of 2023, they are expected to represent 53.3 billion US dollars, over half of the general nominal GDP (Statista, Nominal GDP driven by digitally transformed and other enterprises worldwide 2018–2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1134766/nominal-gdp-driven-by-digitally-transformed-enterprises/, 2022). The main objective of this study is to provide information (highlighting principal research topics and research agendas) from the literature on state-of-the-art digitalization within firms through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). In all, 119 review articles on the most mature functional areas of the firm are analyzed: management, marketing, and finance and accounting, published in the WOS over the period 2018-April 2022. In this study, key relevant tendencies are identified in the most mature areas of the firm, which are the impact of digital technologies on the analysis of consumer behavior; digitalization and green innovation within organizations; and blockchain technology applied to financial services. The main contributions of this work are as follows: (1) to provide the most complete and up-to-date review of digitalization from a global perspective, summarizing the current state of knowledge within an integrated framework; (2) to reduce the complexity of digitalization by offering structure and clarity; and (3) to offer links between digitalization and established points of view in the literature on management, marketing, finance, and accounting. The novelty of this paper is centered on a joint analysis of digitalization, digital transformation, and digital technologies, taking into account the most mature functional areas of the firm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Calderon-Monge
- grid.23520.360000 0000 8569 1592Department of Economics and Business Administration, Faculty of Economy and Business Studies, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
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Shang L, Thirunarayanan N, Viejo-Borbolla A, Martin AP, Bogunovic M, Marchesi F, Unkeless JC, Ho Y, Furtado GC, Alcami A, Merad M, Mayer L, Lira SA. Expression of the chemokine binding protein M3 promotes marked changes in the accumulation of specific leukocytes subsets within the intestine. Gastroenterology 2009; 137:1006-18, 1018.e1-3. [PMID: 19501588 PMCID: PMC2736321 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chemokines are small proteins that direct leukocyte trafficking under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. We analyzed the differential expression of chemokines in distinct segments of the intestine and investigated the importance of chemokines for the distribution of leukocytes in the intestine during homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. METHODS We analyzed messenger RNA for all known chemokines in different segments of the gut by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. To study the effect of multiple-chemokine blockade in the gut, we generated transgenic mice that expressed the chemokine binding protein M3 in the intestine (V-M3 mice). We used flow cytometry to evaluate the changes in the numbers of leukocytes. RESULTS We observed distinct chemokine expression profiles in the 6 segments of the gut. Some chemokines were expressed throughout the intestine (CCL28, CCL6, CXCL16, and CX3CL1), whereas others were expressed preferentially in the small (CCL25 and CCL5) or large intestine (CCL19, CCL21, and CXCL5). Expression of the chemokine blocker M3 in intestinal epithelial cells resulted in reduced numbers of B and T cells in Peyer's patches, reduced numbers of intraepithelial CD8alphabeta(+)/TCRalphabeta(+) and CD8alphaalpha(+)/TCRalphabeta(+) T cells, and reduced numbers of lamina propria CD8(+) T cells. Strikingly, M3 expression markedly reduced the number of eosinophils and macrophages in the small and large intestines. Dextran sulfate sodium treatment of control mice led to marked changes in the expression of chemokines and in the number of myeloid cells in the colon. These cellular changes were significantly attenuated in the presence of M3. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a complex pattern of chemokine expression in the intestine and indicates that chemokines are critical for leukocyte accumulation in the intestine during homeostasis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Shang
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | | | - Abel Viejo-Borbolla
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Andrea P. Martin
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | | | - Federica Marchesi
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Jay C. Unkeless
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Yin Ho
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Glaucia C. Furtado
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Antonio Alcami
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Miriam Merad
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Lloyd Mayer
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Sergio A. Lira
- Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
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Hök K. Development of clinical signs and occurrence of feline corona virus antigen in naturally infected barrier reared cats and their offspring. Acta Vet Scand 1993; 34:345-56. [PMID: 8147286 PMCID: PMC8112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset and pattern of the clinical signs of feline corona virus (FCoV) infection in cats were studied in a setting behind an isolation barrier. Two FCoV-seropositive cats were the source of the infection, and 3 barrier reared cats - initially FCoV-seronegative - were the recipients. The first clinical sign in the recipients appeared 11 days after contact with the source of infection. After 2 years 1 male and 1 female of the recipients started to breed. Their offspring developed clinical signs of disease at an age of 4-5 weeks. A pattern of recurring upper respiratory tract signs and conjunctivitis at intervals of about 4 months was observed in both the recipients and their offspring, while CNS dependent signs and wasting remained or got worse, once developed. Once demonstrated, FCoV antigen persisted in membrana nictitans throughout the investigation, and was found in all cats but 4 (90%). The offspring died during 2 periods, around the first week of life (9/37), and at 3-5 months of age (5/25). For comparison 3 offspring were euthanized at an age of 1 day and 16 offspring at an age of 3-6 months. FCoV antigen was demonstrated in all organs investigated (100%) from offspring dying during the first period, and in 97% from those dying during the second period. For the offspring euthanized during the same 2 periods the corresponding findings were 95% and 85%. Offspring euthanized between 9 and 17 months (4 kittens) had antigen in 67% of all investigated organs. The incidence of FCoV antigen in almost every organ in the investigated newborn kittens suggests an intrauterine infection. The demonstration of FCoV antigen in all euthanised cats, suggests a persistent infection. Virus was cultivated from membrana nictitans, that was FCoV antigen positive in the M3 test.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hök
- Department of Medical Microbial Ecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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