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Strach A, Dulski M, Wasilkowski D, Matus K, Dudek K, Podwórny J, Rawicka P, Grebnevs V, Waloszczyk N, Nowak A, Poloczek P, Golba S. Multifaceted Assessment of Porous Silica Nanocomposites: Unraveling Physical, Structural, and Biological Transformations Induced by Microwave Field Modification. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:337. [PMID: 38392710 PMCID: PMC10893391 DOI: 10.3390/nano14040337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
In response to the persistent challenge of heavy and noble metal environmental contamination, our research explores a new idea to capture silver through porous spherical silica nanostructures. The aim was realized using microwave radiation at varying power (P = 150 or 800 W) and exposure times (t = 60 or 150 s). It led to the development of a silica surface with enhanced metal-capture capacity. The microwave-assisted silica surface modification influences the notable changes within the carrier but also enforces the crystallization process of silver nanoparticles with different morphology, structure, and chemical composition. Microwave treatment can also stimulate the formation of core-shell bioactive Ag/Ag2CO3 heterojunctions. Due to the silver nanoparticles' sphericity and silver carbonate's presence, the modified nanocomposites exhibited heightened toxicity against common microorganisms, such as E. coli and S. epidermidis. Toxicological assessments, including minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) determinations, underscored the efficacy of the nanocomposites. This research represents a significant stride in addressing pollution challenges. It shows the potential of microwave-modified silicas in the fight against environmental contamination. Microwave engineering underscores a sophisticated approach to pollution remediation and emphasizes the pivotal role of nanotechnology in shaping sustainable solutions for environmental stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Strach
- Doctoral School, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Dulski
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland (S.G.)
| | - Daniel Wasilkowski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology, and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (D.W.); (A.N.)
| | - Krzysztof Matus
- Materials Research Laboratory, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Karolina Dudek
- Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Cementowa 8, 31-938 Cracow, Poland; (K.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Jacek Podwórny
- Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Cementowa 8, 31-938 Cracow, Poland; (K.D.); (J.P.)
| | - Patrycja Rawicka
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Vladlens Grebnevs
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego Street 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Natalia Waloszczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego Street 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Anna Nowak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology, and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (D.W.); (A.N.)
| | - Paulina Poloczek
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland (S.G.)
| | - Sylwia Golba
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland (S.G.)
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Gogoi S, Das P, Nayak PK, Sridhar K, Sharma M, Sari TP, Kesavan RK, Bhaswant M. Optimizing Quality and Shelf-Life Extension of Bor-Thekera ( Garcinia pedunculata) Juice: A Thermosonication Approach with Artificial Neural Network Modeling. Foods 2024; 13:497. [PMID: 38338632 PMCID: PMC10855326 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the quality characteristics of pasteurized and thermosonicated bor-thekera (Garcinia pedunculata) juices (TSBTJs) during storage at 4 °C for 30 days. Various parameters, including pH, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble content (TSSs), antioxidant activity (AA), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ascorbic acid content (AAC), cloudiness (CI) and browning indexes (BI), and microbial activity, were analyzed at regular intervals and compared with the quality parameters of fresh bor-thekera juice (FBTJ). A multi-layer artificial neural network (ANN) was employed to model and optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of bor-thekera juice. The impacts of storage time, treatment time, and treatment temperature on the quality attributes were also explored. The TSBTJ demonstrated the maximum retention of nutritional attributes compared with the pasteurized bor-thekera juice (PBTJ). Additionally, the TSBTJ exhibited satisfactory results for microbiological activity, while the PBTJ showed the highest level of microbial inactivation. The designed ANN exhibited low mean squared error values and high R2 values for the training, testing, validation, and overall datasets, indicating a strong relationship between the actual and predicted results. The optimal extraction parameters generated by the ANN included a treatment time of 30 min, a frequency of 44 kHz, and a temperature of 40 °C. In conclusion, thermosonicated juices, particularly the TSBTJ, demonstrated enhanced nutritional characteristics, positioning them as valuable reservoirs of bioactive components suitable for incorporation in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The study underscores the efficacy of ANN as a predictive tool for assessing bor-thekera juice extraction efficiency. Moreover, the use of thermosonication emerged as a promising alternative to traditional thermal pasteurization methods for bor-thekera juice preservation, mitigating quality deterioration while augmenting the functional attributes of the juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikhapriyom Gogoi
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Central Institute of Technology, Kokrajhar 783370, India; (S.G.); (P.D.); (P.K.N.)
| | - Puja Das
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Central Institute of Technology, Kokrajhar 783370, India; (S.G.); (P.D.); (P.K.N.)
| | - Prakash Kumar Nayak
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Central Institute of Technology, Kokrajhar 783370, India; (S.G.); (P.D.); (P.K.N.)
| | - Kandi Sridhar
- Department of Food Technology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to Be University), Coimbatore 641021, India
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Baridua 793101, India;
| | - Thachappully Prabhat Sari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli 131028, India;
| | - Radha krishnan Kesavan
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Central Institute of Technology, Kokrajhar 783370, India; (S.G.); (P.D.); (P.K.N.)
| | - Maharshi Bhaswant
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Center for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
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Yun X, Zhang L, Wang W, Gu J, Wang Y, He Y, Ji R. Composition, Release, and Transformation of Earthworm Tissue-Bound Residues of Tetrabromobisphenol A in Soil. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:2069-2077. [PMID: 38237036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Earthworms accumulate organic pollutants to form earthworm tissue-bound residues (EBRs); however, the composition and fate of EBRs in soil remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the fate of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)-derived EBRs in soil for 250 days using a 14C-radioactive isotope tracer and the geophagous earthworm Metaphire guillelmi. The EBRs of TBBPA in soil were rapidly transformed into nonextractable residues (NERs), mainly in the form of sequestered and ester-linked residues. After 250 days of incubation, 4.9% of the initially applied EBRs were mineralized and 69.3% were released to extractable residues containing TBBPA and its transformation products (TPs, generated mainly via debromination, O-methylation, and skeletal cleavage). Soil microbial activity and autolytic enzymes of earthworms jointly contributed to the release process. In their full-life period, the earthworms overall retained 24.1% TBBPA and its TPs in soil and thus prolonged the persistence of these pollutants. Our study explored, for the first time, the composition and fate of organic pollutant-derived EBRs in soil and indicated that the decomposition of earthworms may release pollutants and cause potential environmental risks of concern, which should be included in both environmental risk assessment and soil remediation using earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of The Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of The Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of The Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianqiang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of The Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of The Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yujie He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of The Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of The Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Khan S, Irshad S, Mehmood K, Hasnain Z, Nawaz M, Rais A, Gul S, Wahid MA, Hashem A, Abd_Allah EF, Ibrar D. Biochar Production and Characteristics, Its Impacts on Soil Health, Crop Production, and Yield Enhancement: A Review. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:166. [PMID: 38256720 PMCID: PMC10821463 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Rapid urban expansion and a booming population are placing immense pressure on our agricultural systems, leading to detrimental impacts on soil fertility and overall health. Due to the extensive use of agrochemicals in agriculture, the necessity to meet the expanding demand for food has also resulted in unsustainable farming practices. Around the world, biochar, a multipurpose carbonaceous material, is being used to concurrently solve issues with enhancing soil fertility, plant growth, and development under both normal and stressful circumstances. It improves water retention, fosters nutrient absorption, and promotes microbial activity, creating a fertile environment that supports sustainable and resilient agriculture. Additionally, biochar acts as a carbon sink, contributing to long-term carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change impacts. The major benefit of biochar is that it helps the adsorption process with its highly porous structures and different functional groups. Understanding the elements involved in biochar formation that determine its characteristics and adsorptive capacity is necessary to assure the viability of biochar in terms of plant productivity and soil health, particularly biological activity in soil. This paper focuses on the development, composition, and effects of biochar on soil fertility and health, and crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Khan
- Colorado Water Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Sohail Irshad
- Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Kashf Mehmood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Superior University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zuhair Hasnain
- Department of Agronomy, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Afroz Rais
- Department of Botany, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Safia Gul
- Department of Botany, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | | | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Danish Ibrar
- Crop Science Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
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Wood C, Bruinink A, Trembath-Reichert E, Wilhelm MB, Vidal C, Balaban E, McKay CP, Swan R, Swan B, Goordial J. Active microbiota persist in dry permafrost and active layer from Elephant Head, Antarctica. ISME Commun 2024; 4:ycad002. [PMID: 38304082 PMCID: PMC10833075 DOI: 10.1093/ismeco/ycad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Dry permafrost is a challenging environment for microbial life due to cold, dry, and often oligotrophic conditions. In 2016, Elephant Head, Antarctica, was confirmed as the second site on Earth to contain dry permafrost. It is geographically distinct from the McMurdo Dry Valleys where dry permafrost has been studied previously. Here, we present the first study of the microbial activity, diversity, and functional potential of Elephant Head dry permafrost. Microbial activity was measured using radiorespiration assays with radiolabeled acetate as a carbon source at 5, 0, and -5°C. Low, but detectable, rates of microbial activity were measured in some samples at 0 and -5°C. This is distinct from previous studies of McMurdo Dry Valley dry permafrost which concluded that dry permafrost represents a cold-arid limit to life on the planet. The isolation of cold-adapted organisms from these soils, including one capable of subzero growth, further supports that the Elephant Head dry active layer and dry permafrost harbor viable microbial life, which may be active in situ. Metagenomic, 16S rRNA gene, and internal transcribed spacer and amplicon sequencing identified similar microbial communities to other Antarctic and cold environments. The Elephant Head microbial community appears to be adapted for survival in cold, dry, and oligotrophic conditions based on the presence of cold adaptation and stress response genes in the metagenomes. Together, our results show that dry permafrost environments do not exclude active microbial life at subzero temperatures, suggesting that the cold, dry soils of Mars may also not be as inhospitable as previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Wood
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alyssa Bruinink
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Trembath-Reichert
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, 781 Terrace Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Mary Beth Wilhelm
- Space Science & Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States
| | - Chanel Vidal
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, 781 Terrace Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Edward Balaban
- Space Science & Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States
| | - Christopher P McKay
- Space Science & Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States
| | - Robert Swan
- 2041 Foundation, 130 Wescott Ct, Auburn, CA 95603, United States
| | - Barney Swan
- 2041 Foundation, 130 Wescott Ct, Auburn, CA 95603, United States
| | - Jackie Goordial
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Yang Y, Li HL, Ma KL, Yu FF, Niu SQ. [Effect of Continuous Cropping on the Physicochemical Properties, Microbial Activity, and Community Characteristics of the Rhizosphere Soil of Codonopsis pilosula]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2023; 44:6387-6398. [PMID: 37973120 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202211100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Effects of continuous cropping on rhizosphere soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbial activity, and community characteristics of Codonopsis pilosula were investigated. The C. pilosula plot(CK) fallow for five years and C. pilosula fields with different years of continuous cropping were studied using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology combined with soil physical and chemical properties analysis. The response of rhizosphere soil physical and chemical properties, microbial activities, and microbial community characteristics to continuous cropping years of C. pilosula were investigated. The results were as follows:the contents of organic carbon, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and salt in rhizosphere soil of C. pilosula increased with the extension of continuous cropping years. However, soil pH value decreased with the extension of continuous cropping years. Compared with that in the CK treatment, rhizosphere soil organic carbon content of C. pilosula in continuous cropping for one, two, three, and four years increased by 11.1%, 80.5%, 74.9%, and 78.2%, respectively. Total phosphorus content increased by 11.8%, 52.9%, 66.7%, and 78.4%, and total nitrogen content increased by 31.3%, 68.8%, 52.1%, and 56.3%, respectively. Soil salt content increased significantly under continuous cropping of three and four years, and soil conductivity increased by 54.2% and 84.7% compared with that in the CK treatment, respectively. The C/N ratio of microbial biomass in rhizosphere soil exhibited an increasing trend with the extension of continuous cropping years. Soil respiration entropy and microbial entropy showed a decreasing trend. With the increase in continuous cropping years, the diversity and abundance of bacteria in soil decreased, whereas the diversity and abundance of fungi increased. In addition, with the increase in continuous cropping years, the antagonistic effect between bacterial communities was enhanced, whereas the synergistic effect between fungal communities was mainly observed. Correlation analysis showed that soil total phosphorus, available potassium, carbon to nitrogen ratio of microbial biomass, soil respiration entropy, microbial biomass carbon, and electrical conductivity were the main factors affecting the changes in soil bacterial community characteristics. Soil total nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus, and soil respiration entropy were the main factors affecting the changes in fungal community characteristics. In conclusion, continuous cropping significantly changed the physical and chemical properties of soil and microbial activity and affected the abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi in soil. This changed the interaction between microorganisms, which disrupted the stability of microbial communities in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hai-Liang Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Kai-Li Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Fan-Feng Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shi-Quan Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Schmidt H, Gorka S, Seki D, Schintlmeister A, Woebken D. Gold-FISH enables targeted NanoSIMS analysis of plant-associated bacteria. New Phytol 2023; 240:439-451. [PMID: 37381111 PMCID: PMC10962543 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria colonize plant roots and engage in reciprocal interactions with their hosts. However, the contribution of individual taxa or groups of bacteria to plant nutrition and fitness is not well characterized due to a lack of in situ evidence of bacterial activity. To address this knowledge gap, we developed an analytical approach that combines the identification and localization of individual bacteria on root surfaces via gold-based in situ hybridization with correlative NanoSIMS imaging of incorporated stable isotopes, indicative of metabolic activity. We incubated Kosakonia strain DS-1-associated, gnotobiotically grown rice plants with 15 N-N2 gas to detect in situ N2 fixation activity. Bacterial cells along the rhizoplane showed heterogeneous patterns of 15 N enrichment, ranging from the natural isotope abundance levels up to 12.07 at% 15 N (average and median of 3.36 and 2.85 at% 15 N, respectively, n = 697 cells). The presented correlative optical and chemical imaging analysis is applicable to a broad range of studies investigating plant-microbe interactions. For example, it enables verification of the in situ metabolic activity of host-associated commercialized strains or plant growth-promoting bacteria, thereby disentangling their role in plant nutrition. Such data facilitate the design of plant-microbe combinations for improvement of crop management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Schmidt
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems ScienceUniversity of ViennaVienna1030Austria
| | - Stefan Gorka
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems ScienceUniversity of ViennaVienna1030Austria
- Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ViennaVienna1030Austria
| | - David Seki
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems ScienceUniversity of ViennaVienna1030Austria
| | - Arno Schintlmeister
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems ScienceUniversity of ViennaVienna1030Austria
- Large‐Instrument Facility for Environmental and Isotope Mass Spectrometry, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems ScienceUniversity of ViennaVienna1030Austria
| | - Dagmar Woebken
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems ScienceUniversity of ViennaVienna1030Austria
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Bodle KB, Mueller RC, Pernat MR, Kirkland CM. Treatment performance and microbial community structure in an aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor amended with diclofenac, erythromycin, and gemfibrozil. Front Microbiomes 2023; 2:1242895. [PMID: 38076031 PMCID: PMC10705044 DOI: 10.3389/frmbi.2023.1242895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
This study characterizes the effects of three commonly detected pharmaceuticals-diclofenac, erythromycin, and gemfibrozil-on aerobic granular sludge. Approximately 150 μg/L of each pharmaceutical was fed in the influent to a sequencing batch reactor for 80 days, and the performance of the test reactor was compared with that of a control reactor. Wastewater treatment efficacy in the test reactor dropped by approximately 30-40%, and ammonia oxidation was particularly inhibited. The relative abundance of active Rhodocyclaceae, Nitrosomonadaceae, and Nitrospiraceae families declined throughout exposure, likely explaining reductions in wastewater treatment performance. Pharmaceuticals were temporarily removed in the first 12 days of the test via both sorption and degradation; both removal processes declined sharply thereafter. This study demonstrates that aerobic granular sludge may successfully remove pharmaceuticals in the short term, but long-term tests are necessary to confirm if pharmaceutical removal is sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie B. Bodle
- Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Rebecca C. Mueller
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Madeline R. Pernat
- Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Catherine M. Kirkland
- Department of Civil Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
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Huang K, Li M, Li R, Rasul F, Shahzad S, Wu C, Shao J, Huang G, Li R, Almari S, Hashem M, Aamer M. Soil acidification and salinity: the importance of biochar application to agricultural soils. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1206820. [PMID: 37780526 PMCID: PMC10537949 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1206820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Soil acidity is a serious problem in agricultural lands as it directly affects the soil, crop production, and human health. Soil acidification in agricultural lands occurs due to the release of protons (H+) from the transforming reactions of various carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur-containing compounds. The use of biochar (BC) has emerged as an excellent tool to manage soil acidity owing to its alkaline nature and its appreciable ability to improve the soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties. The application of BC to acidic soils improves soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), nutrient uptake, microbial activity and diversity, and enzyme activities which mitigate the adverse impacts of acidity on plants. Further, BC application also reduce the concentration of H+ and Al3+ ions and other toxic metals which mitigate the soil acidity and supports plant growth. Similarly, soil salinity (SS) is also a serious concern across the globe and it has a direct impact on global production and food security. Due to its appreciable liming potential BC is also an important amendment to mitigate the adverse impacts of SS. The addition of BC to saline soils improves nutrient homeostasis, nutrient uptake, SOM, CEC, soil microbial activity, enzymatic activity, and water uptake and reduces the accumulation of toxic ions sodium (Na+ and chloride (Cl-). All these BC-mediated changes support plant growth by improving antioxidant activity, photosynthesis efficiency, stomata working, and decrease oxidative damage in plants. Thus, in the present review, we discussed the various mechanisms through which BC improves the soil properties and microbial and enzymatic activities to counter acidity and salinity problems. The present review will increase the existing knowledge about the role of BC to mitigate soil acidity and salinity problems. This will also provide new suggestions to readers on how this knowledge can be used to ameliorate acidic and saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Mingquan Li
- China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Rongpeng Li
- China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Fahd Rasul
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Shahzad
- Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar, Pakistan
| | - Changhong Wu
- China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Jinhua Shao
- China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guoqin Huang
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ronghui Li
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Saad Almari
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Aamer
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Xue Y, Abdullah Al M, Chen H, Xiao P, Zhang H, Jeppesen E, Yang J. Relic DNA obscures DNA-based profiling of multiple microbial taxonomic groups in a river-reservoir ecosystem. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:4940-4952. [PMID: 37452629 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated the spatiotemporal variability in water microbial communities, yet the effects of relic DNA on microbial community profiles, especially microeukaryotes, remain far from fully understood. Here, total and active bacterial and microeukaryotic community compositions were characterized using propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment coupled with high-throughput sequencing in a river-reservoir ecosystem. Beta diversity analysis showed a significant difference in community composition between both the PMA untreated and treated bacteria and microeukaryotes; however, the differentiating effect was much stronger for microeukaryotes. Relic DNA only resulted in underestimation of the relative abundances of Bacteroidota and Nitrospirota, while other bacterial taxa exhibited no significant changes. As for microeukaryotes, the relative abundances of some phytoplankton (e.g. Chlorophyta, Dinoflagellata and Ochrophyta) and fungi were greater after relic DNA removal, whereas Cercozoa and Ciliophora showed the opposite trend. Moreover, relic DNA removal weakened the size and complexity of cross-trophic microbial networks and significantly changed the relationships between environmental factors and microeukaryotic community composition. However, there was no significant difference in the rates of temporal community turnover between the PMA untreated and treated samples for either bacteria or microeukaryotes. Overall, our results imply that the presence of relic DNA in waters can give misleading information of the active microbial community composition, co-occurrence networks and their relationships with environmental conditions. More studies of the abundance, decay rate and functioning of nonviable DNA in freshwater ecosystems are highly recommended in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xue
- Aquatic Eco-Health Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Mamun Abdullah Al
- Aquatic Eco-Health Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Huihuang Chen
- Aquatic Eco-Health Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Aquatic Eco-Health Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongteng Zhang
- Aquatic Eco-Health Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing, China
- Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Jun Yang
- Aquatic Eco-Health Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
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11
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Zhai X, Lu P, Zhang R, Bai W, Zhang WH, Chen J, Tian Q. Mowing accelerates phosphorus cycling without depleting soil phosphorus pool. Ecol Appl 2023; 33:e2861. [PMID: 37092906 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mowing, as a common grassland utilization strategy, affects nutrient status in soil by plant biomass removal. Phosphorus (P) cycle plays an important role in determining grassland productivity. However, few studies have addressed the impacts of mowing on P cycling in grassland ecosystems. Here, we investigated the effects of various mowing regimes on soil P fractions and P accumulation in plants and litters. We specifically explored the mechanisms by which mowing regulates ecosystem P cycling by linking aboveground community with soil properties. Our results showed that mowing increased soil dissolvable P concentrations, which probably met the demand for P absorption and utilization by plants, thus contributing to an increased P accumulation by plants. Mowing promoted grassland P cycling by a reciprocal relationship between plants and microbes. Short-term mowing enhanced P cycling mainly through increased root exudation-evoked the extracellular enzyme activity of microbes rather than the alternations in microbial biomass and community composition. Long-term mowing increased P cycling mainly by promoting carbon allocation to roots, thereby leading to greater microbial metabolic activity. Although mowing-stimulation of organic P mineralization lasted for 15 consecutive years, mowing did not result in soil P depletion. These results demonstrate that P removal by mowing will not necessarily lead to soil P limitation. Our findings would advance the knowledge on soil P dynamic under mowing and contribute to resource-efficient grassland management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifang Zhang
- Mountain Area Research Institute, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Wenming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Qiuying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Surger MJ, Mayer K, Shivaram K, Stibany F, Plum W, Schäffer A, Eiden S, Blank LM. Evaluating microbial contaminations of alternative heating oils. Eng Life Sci 2023; 23:e2300010. [PMID: 37275211 PMCID: PMC10235886 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2008, European and German legislative initiatives for climate protection and reduced dependency on fossil resources led to the introduction of biofuels as CO2-reduced alternatives in the heating oil sector. In the case of biodiesel, customers were confronted with accelerated microbial contaminations during storage. Since then, other fuel alternatives, like hydrogenated vegetable oils (HVOs), gas-to-liquid (GtL) products, or oxymethylene ether (OME) have been developed. In this study, we use online monitoring of microbial CO2 production and the simulation of onset of microbial contamination to investigate the contamination potential of fuel alternatives during storage. As references, fossil heating oil of German refineries are used. Biodiesel blends with fossil heating oils confirmed the promotion of microbial activity. In stark contrast, OMEs have an antimicrobial effect. The paraffinic Fischer-Tropsch products and biogenic hydrogenation products demonstrate to be at least as resistant to microbial contamination as fossil heating oils despite allowing a diversity of representative microbes. Through mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and microbial sequencing, we can discuss fuel properties that affect microbial contaminations. In summary, novel, non-fossil heating oils show clear differences in microbial resistance during long-term storage. Designing blends with an intrinsic resistance against microbial contamination and hence reduced activity might be an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian J. Surger
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB)Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt)RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Katharina Mayer
- Institute for Environmental ResearchRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Karthik Shivaram
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB)Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt)RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Felix Stibany
- Institute for Environmental ResearchRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | | | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental ResearchRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | | | - Lars M. Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB)Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt)RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
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13
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Khan MJ, Jovicic V, Zbogar-Rasic A, Zettel V, Delgado A, Hitzmann B. Influence of Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment on Structural Network Attributes of Wheat Flour and Respective Dough. Foods 2023; 12:foods12102056. [PMID: 37238874 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its "generally recognized as safe status" (GRAS) and moderate treatment temperatures, non-thermal plasma (NTP) has lately been considered a suitable replacement for chemicals in the modification of food properties and for preserving food quality. One of the promising areas for the application of NTP is the treatment of wheat flour, leading to improved flour properties and product quality and consequently to higher customer satisfaction. In the present research, the German wheat flour type 550, equivalent to all-purpose flour, was treated using NTP in a rotational reactor to determine the influence of short treatment times (≤5 min) on the properties of flour (moisture and fat content, protein, starch, color, microbial activity, and enzymes), dough (visco-elastic properties, starch, wet and dry gluten, and water absorption), and baking products (color, freshness, baked volume, crumb structure, softness, and elasticity). Based on the properties of NTP, it was expected that even very short treatment times would have a significant effect on the flour particles, which could positively affect the quality of the final baking product. Overall, the experimental analysis showed a positive effect of NTP treatment of wheat flour, e.g., decreased water activity value (<0.7), which is known to positively affect flour stability and product shelf life; dough stability increased (>8% after 5 min. treatment); dough extensibility increased (ca. 30% after 3 min treatment); etc. Regarding the baking product, further positive effects were detected, e.g., enhanced product volume (>9%), improved crumb whiteness/decreased crumb yellowness, softening of breadcrumb without a change in elasticity, and limited microorganism and enzymatic activity. Furthermore, no negative effects on the product quality were observed, even though further food quality tests are required. The presented experimental research confirms the overall positive influence of NTP treatment, even for very low treatment times, on wheat flour and its products. The presented findings are significant for the potential implementation of this technique on an industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jehanzaib Khan
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics (LSTM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vojislav Jovicic
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics (LSTM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ana Zbogar-Rasic
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics (LSTM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Viktoria Zettel
- Department of Process Analytics and Cereal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Antonio Delgado
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics (LSTM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- German Engineering Research and Development Center, LSTME Busan, Busan 46742, Republic of Korea
| | - Bernd Hitzmann
- Department of Process Analytics and Cereal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Olak-Kucharczyk M, Festinger N, Smułek W. Application of Ozonation-Biodegradation Hybrid System for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Degradation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5347. [PMID: 37047962 PMCID: PMC10094057 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Creosote, a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), was and is a wood impregnate of widespread use. Over the years the accumulation of creosote PAHs in soils and freshwaters has increased, causing a threat to ecosystems. The combined ozonation-biodegradation process is proposed to improve the slow and inefficient biodegradation of creosote hydrocarbons. The impact of different ozonation methods on the biodegradation of model wastewater was evaluated. The biodegradation rate, the changes in chemical oxygen demand, and the total organic carbon concentration were measured in order to provide insight into the process. Moreover, the bacteria consortium activity was monitored during the biodegradation step of the process. The collected data confirmed the research hypothesis, which was that the hybrid method can improve biodegradation. The pre-ozonation followed by inoculation with a bacteria consortium resulted in a significant increase in the biodegradation rate. It allows for the shortening of the time required for the consortium to reach maximum degradation effectiveness and cell activity. Hence, the study gives an important and useful perspective for the decontamination of creosote-polluted ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Olak-Kucharczyk
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie 19/27, 90-570 Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Festinger
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie 19/27, 90-570 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Smułek
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-695 Poznan, Poland
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15
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Rashid MI, Shah GA, Sadiq M, Amin NU, Ali AM, Ondrasek G, Shahzad K. Nanobiochar and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Mixture Synergistically Increases Soil Nutrient Availability and Improves Wheat Production. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12061312. [PMID: 36986999 PMCID: PMC10052822 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, nanomaterials have received considerable attention in the agricultural sector, due to their distinctive characteristics such as small size, high surface area to volume ratio, and charged surface. These properties allow nanomaterials to be utilized as nanofertilizers, that can improve crop nutrient management and reduce environmental nutrient losses. However, after soil application, metallic nanoparticles have been shown to be toxic to soil biota and their associated ecosystem services. The organic nature of nanobiochar (nanoB) may help to overcome this toxicity while maintaining all the beneficial effects of nanomaterials. We aimed to synthesize nanoB from goat manure and utilize it with CuO nanoparticles (nanoCu) to influence soil microbes, nutrient content, and wheat productivity. An X-ray diffractogram (XRD) confirmed nanoB synthesis (crystal size = 20 nm). The XRD spectrum showed a distinct carbon peak at 2θ = 42.9°. Fourier-transform spectroscopy of nanoB's surface indicated the presence of C=O, C≡N-R, and C=C bonds, and other functional groups. The electron microscopic micrographs of nanoB showed cubical, pentagonal, needle, and spherical shapes. NanoB and nanoCu were applied alone and as a mixture at the rate of 1000 mg kg-1 soil, to pots where wheat crop was grown. NanoCu did not influence any soil or plant parameters except soil Cu content and plant Cu uptake. The soil and wheat Cu content in the nanoCu treatment were 146 and 91% higher, respectively, than in the control. NanoB increased microbial biomass N, mineral N, and plant available P by 57, 28, and 64%, respectively, compared to the control. The mixture of nanoB and nanoCu further increased these parameters, by 61, 18, and 38%, compared to nanoB or nanoCu alone. Consequently, wheat biological, grain yields, and N uptake were 35, 62 and 80% higher in the nanoB+nanoCu treatment compared to the control. NanoB further increased wheat Cu uptake by 37% in the nanoB+nanoCu treatment compared to the nanoCu alone. Hence, nanoB alone, or in a mixture with nanoCu, enhanced soil microbial activity, nutrient content, and wheat production. NanoB also increased wheat Cu uptake when mixed with nanoCu, a micronutrient essential for seed and chlorophyll production. Therefore, a mixture of nanobiochar and nanoCu would be recommended to farmers for improving their clayey loam soil quality and increasing Cu uptake and crop productivity in such agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Abbas Shah
- Department of Agronomy, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Maqsood Sadiq
- Department of Agronomy, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Noor ul Amin
- Department of Environmental Science, Sub-Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari 61000, Pakistan
| | - Arshid Mahmood Ali
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gabrijel Ondrasek
- Department of Soil Amelioration, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Khurram Shahzad
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Hammerschmiedt T, Holatko J, Zelinka R, Kintl A, Skarpa P, Bytesnikova Z, Richtera L, Mustafa A, Malicek O, Brtnicky M. The combined effect of graphene oxide and elemental nano-sulfur on soil biological properties and lettuce plant biomass. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1057133. [PMID: 36998685 PMCID: PMC10043190 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1057133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The impact of graphene oxide (GO) nanocarbon on soil properties is mixed, with both negative and positive effects. Although it decreases the viability of some microbes, there are few studies on how its single amendment to soil or in combination with nanosized sulfur benefits soil microorganisms and nutrient transformation. Therefore, an eight-week pot experiment was carried out under controlled conditions (growth chamber with artificial light) in soil seeded with lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and amended with GO or nano-sulfur on their own or their several combinations. The following variants were tested: (I) Control, (II) GO, (III) Low nano-S + GO, (IV) High nano-S + GO, (V) Low nano-S, (VI) High nano-S. Results revealed no significant differences in soil pH, dry plant aboveground, and root biomass among all five amended variants and the control group. The greatest positive effect on soil respiration was observed when GO was used alone, and this effect remained significant even when it was combined with high nano-S. Low nano-S plus a GO dose negatively affected some of the soil respiration types: NAG_SIR, Tre_SIR, Ala_SIR, and Arg_SIR. Single GO application was found to enhance arylsulfatase activity, while the combination of high nano-S and GO not only enhanced arylsulfatase but also urease and phosphatase activity in the soil. The elemental nano-S probably counteracted the GO-mediated effect on organic carbon oxidation. We partially proved the hypothesis that GO-enhanced nano-S oxidation increases phosphatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Hammerschmiedt
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jiri Holatko
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Agrovyzkum Rapotin, Ltd., Rapotin, Czechia
| | - Radim Zelinka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Antonin Kintl
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Troubsko, Czechia
| | - Petr Skarpa
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Bytesnikova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lukas Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Praha, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Malicek
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
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17
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Suryawanshi MD, Suryawanshi GD, Mhaske PC, Karpe DG, Kamble KR, Rode SJ, Sudrik VA, Lawande SP. Design, Synthesis of 3-(5-Substituted Phenyl-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)-1H-indole and Its Microbial Activity. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201017. [PMID: 36808804 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Fischer indole synthesis of indole by using phenyl-hydrazine and acetaldehyde resulted 1H-Indole while phenyl-hydrazine reacted with malonaldehyde gives 1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde. Also Vilsmeier-Haack formylation of 1H-Indole gives 1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde. 1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde were oxidized to form 1H-Indole-3-carboxylic acid. 1H-Indole reacted with excess of BuLi at -78 °C using dry ice also gives 1H-Indole-3-carboxylic acid. Obtained 1H-Indole-3-carboxylic acid was converted to ester and ester in to acid hydrazide. Finally 1H-Indole-3-carboxylic acid hydrazide reacted with substituted carboxylic acid gives microbial active indole substituted oxadiazoles. Synthesized compounds 9a-j showing promising in vitro anti microbial activities against S. aureus bacteria compared with Streptomycin. Compound 9a, 9f and 9g showing activities against E. coli compared with standards. Compound 9a and 9f are found potent active against B. subtilis compared with reference standard while compound 9a, 9c and 9j active against S. typhi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar D Suryawanshi
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji Mahavidyalaya, 413701, Shrigonda, Ahmednagar (M. S.), India
| | - Ganesh D Suryawanshi
- Department of Chemistry, Dada Patil Mahavidyalaya, 414402, Karjat, Ahmednagar (M.S.), India
| | - Pravin C Mhaske
- Department of Chemistry, Sir Parshurambhau College, 411030, Pune (M.S.), India
| | - Dnyaneshwar G Karpe
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji Mahavidyalaya, 413701, Shrigonda, Ahmednagar (M. S.), India
| | - Komal R Kamble
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji Mahavidyalaya, 413701, Shrigonda, Ahmednagar (M. S.), India
| | - Sagar J Rode
- Department of Chemistry, Dada Patil Mahavidyalaya, 414402, Karjat, Ahmednagar (M.S.), India
| | - Vilas A Sudrik
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji Mahavidyalaya, 413701, Shrigonda, Ahmednagar (M. S.), India
| | - Shamrao P Lawande
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji Mahavidyalaya, 413701, Shrigonda, Ahmednagar (M. S.), India
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18
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Atreya M, Desousa S, Kauzya J, Williams E, Hayes A, Dikshit K, Nielson J, Palmgren A, Khorchidian S, Liu S, Gopalakrishnan A, Bihar E, Bruns CJ, Bardgett R, Quinton JN, Davies J, Neff JC, Whiting GL. A Transient Printed Soil Decomposition Sensor Based on a Biopolymer Composite Conductor. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2205785. [PMID: 36507571 PMCID: PMC9929122 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil health is one of the key factors in determining the sustainability of global agricultural systems and the stability of natural ecosystems. Microbial decomposition activity plays an important role in soil health; and gaining spatiotemporal insights into this attribute is critical for understanding soil function as well as for managing soils to ensure agricultural supply, stem biodiversity loss, and mitigate climate change. Here, a novel in situ electronic soil decomposition sensor that relies on the degradation of a printed conductive composite trace utilizing the biopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) as a binder is presented. This material responds selectively to microbially active environments with a continuously varying resistive signal that can be readily instrumented with low-cost electronics to enable wide spatial distribution. In soil, a correlation between sensor response and intensity of microbial decomposition activity is observed and quantified by comparison with respiration rates over 14 days, showing that devices respond predictably to both static conditions and perturbations in general decomposition activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Atreya
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Colorado Boulder1111 Engineering Drive, UCB 427BoulderCO80309‐0427USA
| | - Stacie Desousa
- Environmental StudiesUniversity of Colorado Boulder4001 Discovery Drive, 397 UCBBoulderCO80303‐0397USA
| | - John‐Baptist Kauzya
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Colorado Boulder1111 Engineering Drive, UCB 427BoulderCO80309‐0427USA
| | - Evan Williams
- Department of ElectricalComputerand Energy EngineeringUniversity of Colorado Boulder1111 Engineering Dr, 425 UCBBoulderCO80309USA
| | - Austin Hayes
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Colorado Boulder1111 Engineering Drive, UCB 427BoulderCO80309‐0427USA
| | - Karan Dikshit
- Materials Science and Engineering ProgramUniversity of Colorado Boulder4001 Discovery Dr, 613 UCBBoulderCO80303USA
| | - Jenna Nielson
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado Boulder1111 Engineering Dr, 596 UCBBoulderCO80309USA
| | - Abigail Palmgren
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado Boulder1111 Engineering Dr, 596 UCBBoulderCO80309USA
| | - Sara Khorchidian
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Colorado Boulder1111 Engineering Drive, UCB 427BoulderCO80309‐0427USA
| | - Shangshi Liu
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterWilliamson BuildingManchesterM13 9PYUK
| | - Anupam Gopalakrishnan
- Materials Science and Engineering ProgramUniversity of Colorado Boulder4001 Discovery Dr, 613 UCBBoulderCO80303USA
| | - Eloise Bihar
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Colorado Boulder1111 Engineering Drive, UCB 427BoulderCO80309‐0427USA
| | - Carson J. Bruns
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Colorado Boulder1111 Engineering Drive, UCB 427BoulderCO80309‐0427USA
| | - Richard Bardgett
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterWilliamson BuildingManchesterM13 9PYUK
| | - John N. Quinton
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityUniversityLibrary Ave, BailriggLancasterLA1 4YQUK
| | - Jessica Davies
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityUniversityLibrary Ave, BailriggLancasterLA1 4YQUK
| | - Jason C. Neff
- Environmental StudiesUniversity of Colorado Boulder4001 Discovery Drive, 397 UCBBoulderCO80303‐0397USA
| | - Gregory L. Whiting
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Colorado Boulder1111 Engineering Drive, UCB 427BoulderCO80309‐0427USA
- Materials Science and Engineering ProgramUniversity of Colorado Boulder4001 Discovery Dr, 613 UCBBoulderCO80303USA
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19
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Dohrmann AB, Krüger M. Microbial H 2 Consumption by a Formation Fluid from a Natural Gas Field at High-Pressure Conditions Relevant for Underground H 2 Storage. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:1092-1102. [PMID: 36599497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) has been proposed as one option for storage of excess energy from renewable sources. Depleted gas reservoirs appear suitable, but at the same time, they may be environments with potentially high microbial abundances and activities. Hydrogen (H2) is one of the most energetic substrates in such environments, and many microorganisms are able to oxidize H2, potentially leading to loss of H2 or other unwanted reactions like production of, e.g., H2S, clogging, or corrosion. This study addressed the potential of H2 consumption by naturally abundant microorganisms in formation fluid from a gas field at near in situ pressure and temperature conditions. Microbial H2 consumption was evident at ambient and 100 bar and tolerated pressure variations reflecting cycles of H2 storage. Temperature strongly influenced the activity with higher activity at 30 °C but lower activity at 60 °C. The activity was sulfate-dependent, and sulfide was produced. The microbial community composition changed during H2 consumption with an increase in sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP). Thus, the presence of an SRP-containing, H2-consuming microbial community with activity at UHS-relevant pressure and temperature conditions was shown and should be taken into account when planning UHS at this and other sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja B Dohrmann
- Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, 30655Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Krüger
- Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, 30655Hannover, Germany
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20
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Li X, Zhu J, Wu Y, Tan Z, Tan Z. Correlation Between Kidney Function and Intestinal Biological Characteristics of Adenine and Folium SennaeInduced Diarrhea Model in Mice. Turk J Gastroenterol 2023; 34:4-12. [PMID: 35946892 PMCID: PMC9984907 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2022.211010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the correlation among kidney function, intestinal enzyme activities, and microbial activity of adenine and Folium sennae-induced diarrhea model in mice, which provided a basis for clinical treatment of kidney-intestinal correlation. METHODS We performed different doses of adenine combined with Folium sennae intragastric administration to establish the animal model of diarrhea. We assessed thymus and spleen indexes, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and uric acid contents, intestinal contents and mucosal enzyme activities, and microbial activity. RESULTS After modeling, mice presented increased serum creatinine and decreased urea nitrogen. Uric acid showed different changes in the different model groups. The thymus index in the model mice was trending downward, whereas the spleen index was the opposite. Moreover, model mice induced a non-significant increase in xylanase activity of the intestinal contents and mucosa compared to the control performance. Sucrase content of the intestinal contents increased considerably in the model groups but decreased in the intestinal mucosa. Lactase and amylase induced different trends in the different modeling methods. As well, the microbial activity of intestinal contents increased significantly, while that of intestinal mucosa decreased. CONCLUSION Adenine combined with Folium sennae successfully replicated diarrhea in mice models. Using 50 mg/ (kg/day) adenine for 14 days in combination with 10 g/(kg/day) Folium sennae decoction for 7 days caused kidney function injury in diarrhea mice. In addition, kidney function injury was accompanied by changing in intestinal functional enzyme activity and microbial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- College of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China,Corresponding author: Zhoujin Tan, e-mail:
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21
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Hammerschmiedt T, Kintl A, Holatko J, Mustafa A, Vitez T, Malicek O, Baltazar T, Elbl J, Brtnicky M. Assessment of digestates prepared from maize, legumes, and their mixed culture as soil amendments: Effects on plant biomass and soil properties. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1017191. [PMID: 36582636 PMCID: PMC9793090 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1017191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Digestate prepared from anaerobic digestion can be used as a fertilizer, as it contains ample amounts of plant nutrients, mainly nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium. In this regard, digestates produced from mixed intercropped cereal and legume biomass have the potential to enrich soil and plants with nutrients more efficiently than monoculture-based digestates. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of different types of digestates applied at a rate of 40 t·ha-1 of fresh matter on soil properties and crop yield in a pot experiment with lettuce (Lactuca sativa) as a test crop. Anaerobic digestion of silages was prepared from the following monocultures and mixed cultures: broad bean, maize, maize and broad bean, maize and white sweet clover, and white sweet clover. Anaerobic digestion was performed in an automatic custom-made system and applied to the soil. Results revealed that fresh and dry aboveground biomass as well as the amount of nitrogen in plants significantly increased in all digestate-amended variants in comparison to control. The highest content of soil total nitrogen (+11% compared to the control) and urease (+3% compared to control) were observed for maize digestate amendment. Broad bean digestate mediated the highest oxidizable carbon (+48%), basal respiration (+46%), and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine-, L-alanine-, and L-lysine-induced respiration (+22%, +35%, +22%) compared to control. Moreover, maize and broad bean digestate resulted in the highest values of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and β -glucosidase (+35% and +39%), and maize and white sweet clover digestate revealed the highest value of arylsulfatase (+32%). The observed differences in results suggest different effects of applied digestates. We thus concluded that legume-containing digestates possibly stimulate microbial activity (as found in increased respiration rates), and might lead to increased nitrogen losses if the more quickly mineralized nitrogen is not taken up by the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Hammerschmiedt
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Antonín Kintl
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Troubsko, Czechia
| | - Jiri Holatko
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Agrovyzkum Rapotin, Ltd., Rapotin, Czechia
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Praha, Czechia
| | - Tomas Vitez
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Section of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Malicek
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Tivadar Baltazar
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jakub Elbl
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Troubsko, Czechia
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
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22
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Ruiz‐González C, Rodríguez‐Pie L, Maister O, Rodellas V, Alorda‐Keinglass A, Diego‐Feliu M, Folch A, Garcia‐Orellana J, Gasol JM. High spatial heterogeneity and low connectivity of bacterial communities along a Mediterranean subterranean estuary. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:5745-5764. [PMID: 36112071 PMCID: PMC9827943 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Subterranean estuaries are biogeochemically active coastal sites resulting from the underground mixing of fresh aquifer groundwater and seawater. In these systems, microbial activity can largely transform the chemical elements that may reach the sea through submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), but little is known about the microorganisms thriving in these land-sea transition zones. We present the first spatially-resolved characterization of the bacterial assemblages along a coastal aquifer in the NW Mediterranean, considering the entire subsurface salinity gradient. Combining bulk heterotrophic activity measurements, flow cytometry, microscopy and 16S rRNA gene sequencing we find large variations in prokaryotic abundances, cell size, activity and diversity at both the horizontal and vertical scales that reflect the pronounced physicochemical gradients. The parts of the transect most influenced by freshwater were characterized by smaller cells and lower prokaryotic abundances and heterotrophic production, but some activity hotspots were found at deep low-oxygen saline groundwater sites enriched in nitrite and ammonium. Diverse, heterogeneous and highly endemic communities dominated by Proteobacteria, Patescibacteria, Desulfobacterota and Bacteroidota were observed throughout the aquifer, pointing to clearly differentiated prokaryotic niches across these transition zones and little microbial connectivity between groundwater and Mediterranean seawater habitats. Finally, experimental manipulations unveiled large increases in community heterotrophic activity driven by fast growth of some rare and site-specific groundwater Proteobacteria. Our results indicate that prokaryotic communities within subterranean estuaries are highly heterogeneous in terms of biomass, activity and diversity, suggesting that their role in transforming nutrients will also vary spatially within these terrestrial-marine transition zones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olena Maister
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM‐CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Valentí Rodellas
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA‐UAB)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Aaron Alorda‐Keinglass
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA‐UAB)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Marc Diego‐Feliu
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA‐UAB)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain,Departament de FísicaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - Albert Folch
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversitat Politècnica de CatalunyaBarcelonaSpain,Associated Unit: Hydrogeology Group (UPC‐CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Jordi Garcia‐Orellana
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA‐UAB)Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain,Departament de FísicaUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
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23
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Raczka NC, Carrara JE, Brzostek ER. Plant-microbial responses to reduced precipitation depend on tree species in a temperate forest. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:5820-5830. [PMID: 35833333 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Given that global change is predicted to increase the frequency and severity of drought in temperate forests, it is critical to understand the degree to which plant belowground responses cascade through the soil system to drive ecosystem responses to water stress. While most research has focused on plant and microbial responses independently of each other, a gap in our understanding lies in the integrated response of plant-microbial interactions to water stress. We investigated the extent to which divergent belowground responses to reduced precipitation between sugar maple trees (Acer saccharum) versus oak trees (Oak spp.) may influence microbial activity via throughfall exclusion in the field. Evidence that oak trees send carbon belowground to prime microbial activity more than maples under ambient conditions and in response to water stress suggests there is the potential for corresponding impacts of reduced precipitation on microbial activity. As such, we tested the hypothesis that differences in belowground C allocation between oaks and maples would stimulate microbial activity in the oak treatment soils and reduce microbial activity in in the sugar maple treatment soils compared to their respective controls. We found that the treatment led to declines in N mineralization, soil respiration, and oxidative enzyme activity in the sugar maple treatment plot. These declines may be due to sugar maple trees reducing root C transfers to the soil. By contrast, the reduced precipitation treatment enhanced soil respiration, as well as rates of N mineralization and peroxidase activity in the oak rhizosphere. This enhanced activity suggests that oak roots provided optimal rhizosphere conditions during water stress to prime microbial activity to support net primary production. With future changes in precipitation predicted for forests in the Eastern US, we show that the strength of plant-microbial interactions drives the degree to which reduced precipitation impacts soil C and nutrient cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanette C Raczka
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Joseph E Carrara
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Edward R Brzostek
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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24
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Sisma-Ventura G, Belkin N, Rubin-Blum M, Jacobson Y, Hauzer H, Bar-Zeev E, Rahav E. Discharge of Polyphosphonate-Based Antiscalants via Desalination Brine: Impact on Seabed Nutrient Flux and Microbial Activity. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:13142-13151. [PMID: 36044758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Desalination brine is a hypersaline byproduct that contains various operational chemicals such as polyphosphonate-based antiscalants. Brine often sinks and flows over the seabed by density currents; therefore, it may affect sediment-water nutrient fluxes and thus microbial activity. We quantified these parameters in brine plumes around two large-scale desalination facilities located in the P-limited Southeastern Mediterranean Sea. The benthic nutrient fluxes and microbial activity were determined using ex-situ core benthocosms, to which we added brine from the dispersion area in excess salinities of ∼3% and 5% above natural levels. A higher influx of dissolved organic phosphorus (∼6-fold) and an efflux of dissolved organic carbon (∼1.7-fold) were measured in the brine-amended cores relative to the controls. This was accompanied by increased oxygen consumption (15%) and increased microbial activity (∼1.5-6.5-fold). Field observations support the results from experimental manipulations, yielding ∼4.5-fold higher microbial activity rates around the brine plume compared to uninfluenced locations. Our results imply that desalination brine can alter sedimentary processes affecting benthic nutrients inventories. Moreover, we show that brine acts as a vector of anthropogenic P, stimulating microbial activity in the sediment-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Sisma-Ventura
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel 310800
| | - Natalia Belkin
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel 310800
| | - Maxim Rubin-Blum
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel 310800
| | - Yitzhak Jacobson
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel 310800
| | - Hagar Hauzer
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel 310800
| | - Edo Bar-Zeev
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Eyal Rahav
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, 8030, Israel 310800
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25
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Bai MX, Situ GM, Li SH, Wu QF, Liang CF, Qin H, Chen JH. [Effects of combined application of biochar with organic amendments on enzyme activity and microbial metabolic function of carbon sources in infertile red soil]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2022; 33:1283-1290. [PMID: 35730087 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202205.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To improve carbon (C) sequestration and soil fertility of red soil, a two-year (2017 and 2018) field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two organic amendments (i.e., corn straw and sheep manure) applied alone or combined with biochar on soil nutrient content, enzyme activities involved in C cycling, and microbial substrate utilization rate in infertile red soil. There were six treatments, including control (non-amendment), corn straw, sheep manure and across biochar treatments (without and with biochar amendment, respectively). The organic amendments and biochar were applied in 2017 and 2018. The results showed that, compared with the control, organic amendments significantly increased soil pH, organic C, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium contents. Compared with straw and manure alone, the biochar co-application with straw or manure significantly increased the contents of soil organic C, available potassium, and available nitrogen, without any significant interactive effects. Application of organic amendments significantly increased the activities of soil β-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CB), β-xylosidase (XYL), and peroxidase (PERO). The combined application of biochar and straw significantly reduced the activity of phenol oxidase (PHOX) by 28.6% and PERO by 22.2% in comparison with straw addition alone, respectively, while the combined application of biochar and manure significantly reduced the activities of α-glucosidase (AG) by 46.1%, BG by 50.9%, XYL by 41.6%, and PERO by 31.3% compared with manure addition alone, respectively. Compared with the control, the application of organic amendments significantly enhanced soil basal respiration and microbial utilization rates of carbohydrates, whereas biochar co-application significantly decreased microbial utilization rates of carbohydrates and carboxylic acids. Microbial C source utilization rates were significantly and positively correlated with the activities of BG and PERO. Thus, biochar co-application with organic amendments can enhance nutrient content and reduce enzymatic and microbial metabolic activities, thereby may facilitate C sequestration and fertility of infertile red soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xia Bai
- College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Gao-Ming Situ
- College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Song-Hao Li
- Agroforestry Technology Extension Centre of Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qi-Feng Wu
- Agroforestry Technology Extension Centre of Lin'an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chen-Fei Liang
- College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Hua Qin
- College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jun-Hui Chen
- College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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26
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Mejía GA, Groffman PM, Downey AE, Cook EM, Sritrairat S, Karty R, Palmer MI, McPhearson T. Nitrogen cycling and urban afforestation success in New York City. Ecol Appl 2022; 32:e2535. [PMID: 35044032 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Afforestation projects are a growing focus of urban restoration efforts to rehabilitate degraded landscapes and develop new forests. Urban forests provide myriad valuable ecosystem services essential for urban sustainability and resilience. These essential services are supported by natural soil microbial processes that transform organic matter to critical nutrients for plant community establishment and development. Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting nutrient in forest ecosystems, yet little information is known about N cycling in urban afforestation efforts. This study examined microbially mediated processes of carbon (C) and N cycling in 10 experimental afforested sites established across New York City parklands under the MillionTreesNYC initiative. Long-term research plots were established between 2009 and 2011 at each site with low and high diversity (two vs. six tree species) treatments. In 2018, 1-m soil cores were collected from plots at each site and analyzed for microbial biomass and respiration, potential net N mineralization, and nitrification, denitrification potential, soil inorganic N, and total soil N. Field observations revealed markedly different trajectories between sites that exhibited a closed canopy and leaf litter layer derived from trees that were planted and those that did not fit this description. These two metrics served to group sites into two categories (high vs. low) of afforestation success. We hypothesized that: (1) afforestation success would be correlated with rates of C and N cycling, (2) high diversity restoration techniques would affect these processes, and (3) inherent soil properties interact with plants and environmental conditions to affect the development of these processes over time. We found that high success sites had significantly higher rates of C and N cycling processes, but low and high diversity treatments showed no differences. Low success sites were more likely to have disturbed soil profiles with human-derived debris. Afforestation success appears to be driven by interactions between initial site conditions that facilitate plant community establishment and development that in turn enable N accumulation and cycling, creating positive feedbacks for success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisselle A Mejía
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, CUNY-The Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA
- Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY-The Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter M Groffman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, CUNY-The Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA
- Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY-The Graduate Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, CUNY-Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, USA
| | - Alisen E Downey
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, CUNY-Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Cook
- Department of Environmental Science, Barnard College, New York, New York, USA
- Urban Systems Laboratory, The New School, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Richard Karty
- Urban Systems Laboratory, The New School, New York, New York, USA
- Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland / Friends of the Earth, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew I Palmer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Timon McPhearson
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Barnard College, New York, New York, USA
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Luo T, Xu Q, Wei W, Sun J, Dai X, Ni BJ. Performance and Mechanism of Fe 3O 4 Improving Biotransformation of Waste Activated Sludge into Liquid High-Value Products. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:3658-3668. [PMID: 35254057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated that Fe3O4 simultaneously improves the total production and formation rate of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and long-chain alcohols (LCAs) from waste activated sludge (WAS) in anaerobic fermentation. Results revealed that when Fe3O4 increased from 0 to 5 g/L, the maximal MCFA and LCA production increased significantly, and the optimal fermentation time was also remarkably shortened from 24 to 9 days. Moreover, Fe3O4 also enhanced WAS degradation, and the corresponding degradation rate in the fermentation system increased from 43.86 to 72.38% with an increase in Fe3O4 from 0 to 5 g/L. Further analysis showed that Fe3O4 promoted the microbe activities of all the bioprocesses (including hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and chain elongation processes) involved in the MCFA and LCA production from WAS. Microbial community analysis indicated that Fe3O4 increased the abundances of key microbes involved in abovementioned bioprocesses correspondingly. Mechanistic investigations showed that Fe3O4 increased the conductivity of the fermented sludge, providing a better conductive environment for the anaerobic microbes. The redox cycle of Fe(II) and Fe(III) existed in the fermentation system with Fe3O4, which was likely to act as electron shuttles to conduct electron transfer (ET) from the electron donor to the acceptor, thus increasing ET efficiency. This study provides an effective method for enhancing the biotransformation of WAS into high-value products, potentially bringing economic benefits to WAS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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28
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Kan ZR, Liu WX, Liu WS, Lal R, Dang YP, Zhao X, Zhang HL. Mechanisms of soil organic carbon stability and its response to no-till: A global synthesis and perspective. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:693-710. [PMID: 34726342 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization have been widely studied due to their relevance in the global carbon cycle. No-till (NT) has been frequently adopted to sequester SOC; however, limited information is available regarding whether sequestered SOC will be stabilized for long term. Thus, we reviewed the mechanisms affecting SOC stability in NT systems, including the priming effects (PE), molecular structure of SOC, aggregate protection, association with soil minerals, microbial properties, and environmental effects. Although a more steady-state molecular structure of SOC is observed in NT compared with conventional tillage (CT), SOC stability may depend more on physical and chemical protection. On average, NT improves macro-aggregation by 32.7%, and lowers SOC mineralization in macro-aggregates compared with CT. Chemical protection is also important due to the direct adsorption of organic molecules and the enhancement of aggregation by soil minerals. Higher microbial activity in NT could also produce binding agents to promote aggregation and the formation of metal-oxidant organic complexes. Thus, microbial residues could be stabilized in soils over the long term through their attachment to mineral surfaces and entrapment of aggregates under NT. On average, NT reduces SOC mineralization by 18.8% and PE intensities after fresh carbon inputs by 21.0% compared with CT (p < .05). Although higher temperature sensitivity (Q10 ) is observed in NT due to greater Q10 in macro-aggregates, an increase of soil moisture regime in NT could potentially constrain the improvement of Q10 . This review improves process-based understanding of the physical and chemical mechanism of protection that can act, independently or interactively, to enhance SOC preservation. It is concluded that SOC sequestered in NT systems is likely to be stabilized over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Rong Kan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Rattan Lal
- CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yash Pal Dang
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
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Stasik S, Schmidt J, Wendt-Potthoff K. High Potential for Anaerobic Microbial Sulfur Oxidation in Oil Sands Tailings Ponds. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2529. [PMID: 34946130 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biogenic production of toxic H2S gas in sulfate-rich oil sands tailings ponds is associated with strong environmental concerns. Beside precipitation into sulfide minerals and chemical re-oxidation, microbial sulfur oxidation may catalyze sulfide re-cycling but potentially contributes to acid rock drainage (ARD) generation. To evaluate the microbial potential for sulfur oxidation, we conducted a microcosm-based pilot study with tailings of an active pond. Incubations were performed under oxic and anoxic conditions, with and without KNO3 as an electron acceptor and thiosulfate as a common substrate for microbial sulfur oxidation. The highest potentials of sulfur oxidation occurred in oxic assays (1.21 mmol L−1 day−1). Under anoxic conditions, rates were significantly lower and dominated by chemical transformation (0.09 mmol L−1 day−1; p < 0.0001). The addition of KNO3 to anoxic incubations increased microbial thiosulfate oxidation 2.5-fold (0.23 mmol L−1 day−1; p = 0.0474), with complete transformation to SO42− coupled to NO3− consumption, pointing to the activity of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) under nitrate-reducing conditions. Importantly, in the presence of KNO3, a decrease in sedimentary sulfides was associated with an increase in S0, which indicates the potential for microbially mediated oxidation of sulfide minerals and ARD generation. Furthermore, the comparative analysis of sediments from other anthropogenic aquatic habitats demonstrated high similarities with respect to viable SOB counts and corresponding activity rates.
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Akob DM, Mumford AC, Fraser A, Harris CR, Orem WH, Varonka MS, Cozzarelli IM. Oil and Gas Wastewater Components Alter Streambed Microbial Community Structure and Function. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:752947. [PMID: 34938277 PMCID: PMC8686200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.752947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread application of directional drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies expanded oil and gas (OG) development to previously inaccessible resources. A single OG well can generate millions of liters of wastewater, which is a mixture of brine produced from the fractured formations and injected hydraulic fracturing fluids (HFFs). With thousands of wells completed each year, safe management of OG wastewaters has become a major challenge to the industry and regulators. OG wastewaters are commonly disposed of by underground injection, and previous research showed that surface activities at an Underground Injection Control (UIC) facility in West Virginia affected stream biogeochemistry and sediment microbial communities immediately downstream from the facility. Because microbially driven processes can control the fate and transport of organic and inorganic components of OG wastewater, we designed a series of aerobic microcosm experiments to assess the influence of high total dissolved solids (TDS) and two common HFF additives-the biocide 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) and ethylene glycol (an anti-scaling additive)-on microbial community structure and function. Microcosms were constructed with sediment collected upstream (background) or downstream (impacted) from the UIC facility in West Virginia. Exposure to elevated TDS resulted in a significant decrease in aerobic respiration, and microbial community analysis following incubation indicated that elevated TDS could be linked to the majority of change in community structure. Over the course of the incubation, the sediment layer in the microcosms became anoxic, and addition of DBNPA was observed to inhibit iron reduction. In general, disruptions to microbial community structure and function were more pronounced in upstream and background sediment microcosms than in impacted sediment microcosms. These results suggest that the microbial community in impacted sediments had adapted following exposure to OG wastewater releases from the site. Our findings demonstrate the potential for releases from an OG wastewater disposal facility to alter microbial communities and biogeochemical processes. We anticipate that these studies will aid in the development of useful models for the potential impact of UIC disposal facilities on adjoining surface water and shallow groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M. Akob
- United States Geological Survey, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, Reston, VA, United States
| | - Adam C. Mumford
- United States Geological Survey, Water Mission Area, Reston, VA, United States
| | - Andrea Fraser
- United States Geological Survey, Water Mission Area, Reston, VA, United States
| | - Cassandra R. Harris
- United States Geological Survey, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, Reston, VA, United States
| | - William H. Orem
- United States Geological Survey, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, Reston, VA, United States
| | - Matthew S. Varonka
- United States Geological Survey, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, Reston, VA, United States
| | - Isabelle M. Cozzarelli
- United States Geological Survey, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, Reston, VA, United States
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Ramsay JA, de Lima E Silva MR, Tawadrous MAR, Ramsay BA. Does Addition of Phosphate and Ammonium Nutrients Affect Microbial Activity in Froth Treatment Affected Tailings? Microorganisms 2021; 9:2224. [PMID: 34835351 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined greenhouse gas (GHG) production upon the addition of ammonium and phosphate to mature fine tailing (MFT) samples from Alberta's Pond 2/3 (at 5 and 15 m) and Pond 7 (12.5 m) in microcosm studies. The methane production rate in unamended Pond 2/3 MFT correlated with sample age; the production rate was higher in the less dense, more recently discharged MFT samples and lower in the denser, deeper sample. Adding small amounts of naphtha increased methane production, but there was no correlation with increasing naphtha, indicating that naphtha may partition into bitumen, reducing its bioavailability. Although non-detectable phosphate and low ammonium in the pore water indicate that these nutrients were potentially limiting microbial activity, their addition did not significantly affect methanogenesis but somewhat enhanced sulphate and nitrate reduction. Neither ammonium nor phosphate were detected in the pore water when added at low concentrations, but when added at high concentrations, 25-35% phosphate and 30-45% ammonium were lost. These ions likely sorbed to MFT minerals such as kaolinite, which have microbial activity governed by phosphate/ammonium desorption. Hence, multiple limitations affected microbial activity. Sulphate was less effective than nitrate was in inhibiting methanogenesis because H2S may be a less effective inhibitor than NOx- intermediates are, and/or H2S may be more easily abiotically removed. With nitrate reduction, N2O, a potent GHG was produced but eventually metabolized.
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Kowalska J, Tyburski J, Matysiak K, Jakubowska M, Łukaszyk J, Krzymińska J. Cinnamon as a Useful Preventive Substance for the Care of Human and Plant Health. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175299. [PMID: 34500731 PMCID: PMC8433798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamon is widely used as a food spice, but due to its antibacterial and pharmacological properties, it can also be used in processing, medicine and agriculture. The word “Cinnamon” can refer to the plant, processed material, or an extract. It is sometimes used as a substance, and sometimes used as a mixture or as compounds or a group. This article reviews research into the effectiveness of various forms of cinnamon for the control of plant diseases and pests in crops and during storage of fruit and vegetables. Cinnamon acts on pests mainly as a repellent, although in higher doses it has a biocidal effect and prevents egg-laying. Cinnamon and its compounds effectively hinder bacterial and fungal growth, and the phytotoxic effects of cinnamon make it a possible herbicide. This article presents the wide practical use of cinnamon for various purposes, mainly in agriculture. Cinnamon is a candidate for approval as a basic substance with protective potential. In particular, it can be used in organic farming as a promising alternative to chemical pesticides for use in plant protection, especially in preventive treatments. The use of natural products is in line with the restriction of the use of chemical pesticides and the principles of the EU’s Green Deal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Kowalska
- Department of Organic Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Institute of Plant Protection—National Research Institute, Władysława Węgorka 20, 60-318 Poznań, Poland; (J.Ł.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Józef Tyburski
- Department of Agroecosystems and Horticulture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Michała Oczapowskiego 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Kinga Matysiak
- Department of Weed Science and Plant Protection Techniques, Institute of Plant Protection—National Research Institute, Władysława Węgorka 20, 60-318 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Jakubowska
- Department of Monitoring and Signalling of Agrophages, Institute of Plant Protection—National Research Institute, Władysława Węgorka 20, 60-318 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Joanna Łukaszyk
- Department of Organic Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Institute of Plant Protection—National Research Institute, Władysława Węgorka 20, 60-318 Poznań, Poland; (J.Ł.); (J.K.)
| | - Joanna Krzymińska
- Department of Organic Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Institute of Plant Protection—National Research Institute, Władysława Węgorka 20, 60-318 Poznań, Poland; (J.Ł.); (J.K.)
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Dekas AE. Quantifying Microbial Activity In Situ: the Link between Cells and Cycles. mSystems 2021; 6:e0075821. [PMID: 34463583 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00758-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metagenomic sequencing of environmental samples has dramatically expanded our knowledge of microbial taxonomic and metabolic diversity and suggests metabolic interdependence is widespread. However, translating these insights into knowledge of ecosystem function and, therefore, implications for local and global chemistry, remains a challenge. In this commentary, I argue that making direct measurements of microbial activity in situ is an essential step to confirm gene-based hypotheses of microbial physiology and bridge advances in microbial ecology with a predicative understanding of global chemistry and climate. Making these measurements across a range of spatial scales and experimentally manipulated conditions contributes to a process-based understanding and, therefore, more robust predictions of how activity will respond to changing environmental conditions. I discuss recent advancements in quantifying microbial activity in situ and highlight several lines of research in marine microbiology that leverage complementary genomic and isotopic methods to connect microbes and global chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Dekas
- Earth System Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Miranda JM, Zhang B, Barros-Velázquez J, Aubourg SP. Preservative Effect of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Macroalga Bifurcaria bifurcata on the Quality of Chilled Hake ( Merluccius merluccius). Molecules 2021; 26:3774. [PMID: 34205746 PMCID: PMC8235199 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work addressed the preservative behaviour of different icing media containing extracts from the alga Bifurcaria bifurcata. A comparative study of the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of this macroalga was carried out. Whole hake (Merluccius merluccius) pieces were stored in ice containing either kind of extract and analysed for quality changes throughout a 13-day storage period. A progressive loss of microbial and biochemical quality was detected in all batches as chilling time increased. A significant inhibitory effect (p < 0.05) on microbial activity could be observed as a result of including the aqueous (lowering of psychrotrophic and lipolytic counts and pH value) and ethanolic (lowering of psychrotrophic and lipolytic counts) extracts. Additionally, both kinds of extract led to a substantial inhibition (p < 0.05) in the lipid hydrolysis rate (formation of free fatty acids), greater in the case of the batch containing ethanolic extract. Concerning lipid oxidation, a similar inhibitory effect (p < 0.05) on the formation of secondary compounds (thiobarbituric acid substances) was noticed in fish specimens corresponding to both alga extracts; however, more (p < 0.05) peroxide formation was detected in fish corresponding to the ethanolic extract batch. A preservative effect can be concluded for both kinds of extract; this effect agrees with previous studies reporting the presence of hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive compounds in B. bifurcata.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Miranda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Avenida Carvallo Calero, s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (J.M.M.); (J.B.-V.)
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, No 1, Haida South Road, 1, Lincheng Changzhi, Zhoushan 316022, China;
| | - Jorge Barros-Velázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Avenida Carvallo Calero, s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (J.M.M.); (J.B.-V.)
| | - Santiago P. Aubourg
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Marine Research Institute (CSIC), c/E. Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
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Zhang W, Gao W, Whalley WR, Ren T. Physical properties of a sandy soil as affected by incubation with a synthetic root exudate: Strength, thermal and hydraulic conductivity, and evaporation. Eur J Soil Sci 2021; 72:782-792. [PMID: 33776539 PMCID: PMC7984329 DOI: 10.1111/ejss.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Plant roots release various organic materials that may modify soil structure and affect heat and mass transfer processes. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a synthetic root exudate (SRE) on penetrometer resistance (PR), thermal conductivity (λ), hydraulic conductivity (k) and evaporation of water in a sandy soil. Soil samples, mixed with either distilled water or the SRE, were packed into columns at a designated bulk density and water content, and incubated for 7 days at 18°C. Soil PR, λ, k and evaporation rate were monitored during drying processes. Compared with those incubated with water, samples incubated with SRE had visible hyphae, greater PR (0.7-5.5 MPa in the water content range of 0.11 to 0.22 m3 m-3) and λ (0.2-0.7 W m-1 K-1 from 0.05 to 0.22 m3 m-3), and increased k in the wet region but decreased k in the dry region. SRE treatment also reduced the overall soil water evaporation rate and cumulative water loss. Analysis of X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning showed that the SRE-treated samples had a greater proportion of small pores (<60 μm). These changes were attributed mainly to SRE-stimulated microbial activities. HIGHLIGHTS The effects of incubating a sandy soil with a synthetic root exudate (SRE) on soil physical properties and evaporation are examined.SRE incubation increased the fraction of small pores.SRE incubation increased soil penetrometer resistance and thermal conductivity.Soil hydraulic conductivity was increased in the wet region but was reduced in the dry region.SRE incubation reduced the overall evaporation rate and cumulative water loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencan Zhang
- Department of Soil and Water SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Weida Gao
- Department of Soil and Water SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | | | - Tusheng Ren
- Department of Soil and Water SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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Ismail AS, Tawfik SM, Mady AH, Lee YI. Preparation, Properties, and Microbial Impact of Tungsten (VI) Oxide and Zinc (II) Oxide Nanoparticles Enriched Polyethylene Sebacate Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050718. [PMID: 33652902 PMCID: PMC7956248 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles of tungsten oxide (WO3) and zinc oxide (ZnO) enriched polyethylene sebacate (PES) nanocomposites were prepared through the coprecipitation process and condensation polymerization reaction. The obtained nano-sized particles of WO3 and ZnO, PES, and nanocomposites (WO3-PES NC and ZnO-PES NC) were investigated. The average molecular weight of the cured PES was measured by employing the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) technique. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra assured the formation of the polymeric nanocomposites.WO3 and ZnO nanoparticles supposed a condensed porous spherical phase found implanted in the polymer structure, as detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. These nano-scale systems achieved an electrical activity based on the conductive nanoparticles embedded matrix as a result of the ion-ion interactions. The microbial influence of the nanocomposites was examined against pathogenic bacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, and Fungi; Aspergillus niger, and Candidaalbicans. Results exhibited that these nanocomposites have antimicrobial effects from moderate to slightly high on bacteria and high on fungi which was confirmed by a clear zone of inhibition. This study contributes to the design of reasonable composites to be under evaluation for their catalytic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr S. Ismail
- Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City 11727, Cairo, Egypt; (S.M.T.); (A.H.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.I.); (Y.-I.L.)
| | - Salah M. Tawfik
- Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City 11727, Cairo, Egypt; (S.M.T.); (A.H.M.)
| | - Amr H. Mady
- Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City 11727, Cairo, Egypt; (S.M.T.); (A.H.M.)
| | - Yong-Ill Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University (CNU), Changwon 51140, Korea
- Correspondence: (A.S.I.); (Y.-I.L.)
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Sami R, Almatrafi M, Elhakem A, Alharbi M, Benajiba N, Helal M. Effect of Nano Silicon Dioxide Coating Films on the Quality Characteristics of Fresh-Cut Cantaloupe. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:140. [PMID: 33671268 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The prime objective of the research was to explore the coating effects of chitosan and nano-silicon dioxide with nisin as an antimicrobial agent on physicochemical properties, microbiological stability, and sensorial quality changes during the storage at 4 °C. The combination of nano-material and chitosan in addition to nisin was effective for reducing the postharvest attributes of fresh-cut cantaloupes in addition to the highest score in sensory evaluation. Chitosan coating treatment enhanced the microbiological quality 2.50 log CFU/g and 1.87 log CFU/g for aerobic counts and mold/yeasts populations, respectively. In a word, the combination of chitosan/nano-silica/nisin treatment was the best condition for fresh-cut cantaloupe shelf life extension by maintaining color, vitamin C 22.29 mg/100g, peroxidase activity 8.06 U/min.g, and other microbiological tests up to storage time of 8 days.
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Kim J, Mei R, Wilson FP, Yuan H, Bocher BTW, Liu WT. Ecogenomics-Based Mass Balance Model Reveals the Effects of Fermentation Conditions on Microbial Activity. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:595036. [PMID: 33343535 PMCID: PMC7738435 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.595036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS) is an alternative approach to reduce solid wastes while providing valuable soluble products, such as volatile fatty acids and alcohols. This study systematically identified optimal fermentation conditions and key microbial populations by conducting two sets of experiments under different combinations of biochemical and physical parameters. Based on fermentation product concentrations, methane production, and solid removal, fermentation performance was enhanced under the combined treatments of inoculum heat shock (>60°C), pH 5, 55°C, and short solid retention time (<10 days). An ecogenomics-based mass balance (EGMB) approach was used to determine the net growth rates of individual microbial populations, and classified them into four microbial groups: known syntrophs, known methanogens, fermenters, and WAS-associated populations. Their growth rates were observed to be affected by the treatment conditions. The growth rates of syntrophs and fermenters, such as Syntrophomonas and Parabacteroides increased with a decrease in SRT. In contrast, treatment conditions, such as inoculum heat shock and high incubation temperature inhibited the growth of WAS-associated populations, such as Terrimonas and Bryobacter. There were also populations insensitive to the treatment conditions, such as those related to Microbacter and Rikenellaceae. Overall, the EGMB approach clearly revealed the ecological roles of important microbial guilds in the WAS fermentation system, and guided the selection of optimal conditions for WAS fermentation in future pilot-scale operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinha Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Ran Mei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Fernanda P Wilson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Heyang Yuan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Benjamin T W Bocher
- British Petroleum America, Petrochemicals Technology, Naperville, IL, United States
| | - Wen-Tso Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Hofmann R, Uhl J, Hertkorn N, Griebler C. Linkage Between Dissolved Organic Matter Transformation, Bacterial Carbon Production, and Diversity in a Shallow Oligotrophic Aquifer: Results From Flow-Through Sediment Microcosm Experiments. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:543567. [PMID: 33250862 PMCID: PMC7674671 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.543567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquifers are important reservoirs for organic carbon. A fundamental understanding of the role of groundwater ecosystems in carbon cycling, however, is still missing. Using sediment flow-through microcosms, long-term (171d) experiments were conducted to test two scenarios. First, aquifer sediment microbial communities received dissolved organic matter (DOM) at low concentration and typical to groundwater in terms of composition (DOM-1x). Second, sediments received an elevated concentration of DOM originating from soil (DOM-5x). Changes in DOM composition were analyzed via NMR and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). Carbon production, physiological adaptations and biodiversity of groundwater, and sediment prokaryotic communities were monitored by total cell counts, substrate use arrays, and deep amplicon sequencing. The experiments showed that groundwater microbial communities do not react very fast to the sudden availability of labile organic carbon from soil in terms of carbon degradation and biomass production. It took days to weeks for incoming DOM being efficiently degraded and pronounced cell production occurred. Once conditioned, the DOM-1x supplied sediments mineralized 294(±230) μgC L−1sed d−1, 10-times less than the DOM-5x fed sediment communities [2.9(±1.1) mgC L−1sed d−1]. However, the overall biomass carbon production was hardly different in the two treatments with 13.7(±4.8) μgC L−1sed d−1 and 14.3(±3.5) μgC L−1sed d−1, respectively, hinting at a significantly lower carbon use efficiency with higher DOM availability. However, the molecularly more diverse DOM from soil fostered a higher bacterial diversity. Taking the irregular inputs of labile DOM into account, shallow aquifers are assumed to have a low resilience. Lacking a highly active and responsive microbial community, oligotrophic aquifers are at high risk of contamination with organic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hofmann
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Uhl
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Griebler
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Limnology, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Yang X, He Q, Guo F, Sun X, Zhang J, Chen M, Vymazal J, Chen Y. Nanoplastics Disturb Nitrogen Removal in Constructed Wetlands: Responses of Microbes and Macrophytes. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:14007-14016. [PMID: 33092338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized plastics (nanoplastics) releasing into the wastewater may pose a potential threat to biological nitrogen removal. Constructed wetland (CW), a wastewater treatment or shore buffer system, is an important sink of nanoplastics, while it is unclear how nitrogen removal in CWs occurs in response to nanoplastics. Here, we investigated the effects of polystyrene (PS) nanoplastics (0, 10, and 1000 μg/L) on nitrogen removal for 180 days in CWs. The results revealed that total nitrogen removal efficiency decreased by 29.5-40.6%. We found that PS penetrated the cell membrane and destroyed both membrane integrity and reactive oxygen species balance. Furthermore, PS inhibited microbial activity in vivo, including enzyme (ammonia monooxygenase, nitrate reductase, and nitrite reductase) activities and electron transport system activity (ETSA). These adverse effects, accompanied by a decline in the relative abundance of nitrifiers (e.g., Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira) and denitrifiers (e.g., Thauera and Zoogloea), directly accounted for the strong deterioration observed in nitrogen removal. The decline in leaf and root activities decreased nitrogen uptake by plants, which is an important factor of deterioration in nitrogen removal. Overall, our results imply that the presence of nanoplastics in the aquatic environment is a hidden danger to the global nitrogen cycle and should receive more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Campus B 83 Shabeijie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-Carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Campus B 83 Shabeijie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-Carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Fucheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Campus B 83 Shabeijie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-Carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Campus B 83 Shabeijie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-Carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Junmao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Campus B 83 Shabeijie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-Carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Mengli Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Campus B 83 Shabeijie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-Carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16521 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Campus B 83 Shabeijie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China
- National Centre for International Research of Low-Carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Szuróczki S, Szabó A, Korponai K, Felföldi T, Somogyi B, Márialigeti K, Tóth E. Prokaryotic community composition in a great shallow soda lake covered by large reed stands (Neusiedler See/Lake Fertő) as revealed by cultivation- and DNA-based analyses. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5895321. [PMID: 32821929 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the detailed community composition of heterotrophic bacterioplankton in macrophyte-dominated littoral systems, where a considerable amount of dissolved organic carbon originates from aquatic macrophytes instead of phytoplankton. The aim of the present study was to reveal the effect of macrophytes on the microbial community and to elucidate their role in a macrophyte-dominated shallow soda lake, which can be characterised by a mosaic of open waters and reed marsh. Therefore, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, the most probable number method, cultivation of bacterial strains, EcoPlate and cultivation-based substrate utilisation techniques were applied. Differences in the structures of microbial communities were detected between the water and the sediment samples and between vegetated and unvegetated water samples. Planktonic bacterial communities of an inner pond and a reed-covered area showed significant similarities to each other. Woesearchaeia was the dominant archaeal taxon in the water samples, while Bathyarchaeia, 'Marine Benthic Group D' and 'DHVEG-1' were abundant in the sediment samples. The most probable number of heterotrophic bacteria was lower in the open water than in the reed-associated areas. The vast majority (83%) of the isolated bacterial strains from the water samples of the reed-covered area were able to grow on a medium containing reed extract as the sole source of carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sára Szuróczki
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Szabó
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Korponai
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Felföldi
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Somogyi
- Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3., 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Károly Márialigeti
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Tóth
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Nagler M, Podmirseg SM, Mayr M, Ascher-Jenull J, Insam H. Quantities of Intra- and Extracellular DNA Reveal Information About Activity and Physiological State of Methanogenic Archaea. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1894. [PMID: 32849470 PMCID: PMC7419480 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although being a common aim of many microbial ecology studies, measuring individual physiological conditions of a microbial group or species within a complex consortium is still a challenge. Here, we propose a novel approach that is based on the quantification of sequentially extracted extracellular (exDNA) and intracellular DNA (iDNA) and reveals information about cell lysis and activity of methanogenic archaea within a biogas-producing microbial community. We monitored the methane production rates of differently treated batch anaerobic cultures and compared the concentrations of the alpha subunit of the methyl coenzyme M reductase gene of methanogenic archaea in extracellular and intracellular DNA fractions and in the classically extracted total DNA pool. Our results showed that this fine-tuned DNA approach coupled with the interpretation of the ratio between free exDNA and iDNA considerably improved microbial activity tracking compared to the classical extraction/quantification of total DNA. Additionally, it allowed to identify and quantify methanogenic populations that are inactive and those that are strongly influenced by cell lysis. We argue that despite the need of further studies, this method represents a novel approach to gain specific physiological information from a complex environmental sample and holds the potential to be applied to other microbes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Nagler
- Institute of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Markus Mayr
- Institute of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Heribert Insam
- Institute of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Ochoa-Hueso R, Borer ET, Seabloom EW, Hobbie SE, Risch AC, Collins SL, Alberti J, Bahamonde HA, Brown CS, Caldeira MC, Daleo P, Dickman CR, Ebeling A, Eisenhauer N, Esch EH, Eskelinen A, Fernández V, Güsewell S, Gutierrez-Larruga B, Hofmockel K, Laungani R, Lind E, López A, McCulley RL, Moore JL, Peri PL, Power SA, Price JN, Prober SM, Roscher C, Sarneel JM, Schütz M, Siebert J, Standish RJ, Velasco Ayuso S, Virtanen R, Wardle GM, Wiehl G, Yahdjian L, Zamin T. Microbial processing of plant remains is co-limited by multiple nutrients in global grasslands. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:4572-4582. [PMID: 32520438 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbial processing of aggregate-unprotected organic matter inputs is key for soil fertility, long-term ecosystem carbon and nutrient sequestration and sustainable agriculture. We investigated the effects of adding multiple nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium plus nine essential macro- and micro-nutrients) on decomposition and biochemical transformation of standard plant materials buried in 21 grasslands from four continents. Addition of multiple nutrients weakly but consistently increased decomposition and biochemical transformation of plant remains during the peak-season, concurrent with changes in microbial exoenzymatic activity. Higher mean annual precipitation and lower mean annual temperature were the main climatic drivers of higher decomposition rates, while biochemical transformation of plant remains was negatively related to temperature of the wettest quarter. Nutrients enhanced decomposition most at cool, high rainfall sites, indicating that in a warmer and drier future fertilized grassland soils will have an even more limited potential for microbial processing of plant remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Ochoa-Hueso
- Department of Biology, IVAGRO, University of Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Elizabeth T Borer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Eric W Seabloom
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Anita C Risch
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Scott L Collins
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Juan Alberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Héctor A Bahamonde
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA)-CONICET, Rio Gallegos, Argentina
| | - Cynthia S Brown
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Maria C Caldeira
- Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Chris R Dickman
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Ebeling
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ellen H Esch
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Anu Eskelinen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Victoria Fernández
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabine Güsewell
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Kirsten Hofmockel
- Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Environmental and Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Eric Lind
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Andrea López
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rebecca L McCulley
- Department of Plant & Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Joslin L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Vic., Australia
| | - Pablo L Peri
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA)-CONICET, Rio Gallegos, Argentina
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Jodi N Price
- Institute of Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Judith M Sarneel
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Schütz
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Julia Siebert
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rachel J Standish
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Sergio Velasco Ayuso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Risto Virtanen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Glenda M Wardle
- Desert Ecology Research Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georg Wiehl
- CSIRO Land and Water, Wembley, WA, Australia
| | - Laura Yahdjian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tara Zamin
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Vic., Australia
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Memoli V, Panico SC, Santorufo L, Barile R, Di Natale G, Di Nunzio A, Toscanesi M, Trifuoggi M, De Marco A, Maisto G. Do Wildfires Cause Changes in Soil Quality in the Short Term? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17155343. [PMID: 32722226 PMCID: PMC7432673 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Wildfires have high frequency and intensity in the Mediterranean ecosystems that deeply modify the soil abiotic (i.e., pH, contents of water, organic matter and elements) and biotic properties (i.e., biomass and activity). In 2017, an intense wildfire occurred inside the Vesuvius National Park (Southern Italy), destroying approximately 50% of the existing plant cover. So, the research aimed to evaluate the fire effects on soil quality through single soil abiotic and biotic indicators and through an integrated index (SQI). To achieve the aim, soil samples were collected inside the Vesuvius National Park at 12 sampling field points before fire (BF) and after fire (AF). The findings highlighted that in AF soil, the contents of water and total carbon, element availability, respiration and the dehydrogenase activity were lower than in BF soil; in contrast, pH and hydrolase activity were significantly higher in AF soil. The microbial biomass and activity were affected by Al, Cr and Cu availability in both BF and AF soils. Despite the variations in each investigated soil abiotic and biotic property that occurred in AF soil, the overall soil quality did not significantly differ as compared to that calculated for the BF soil. The findings provide a contribution to the baseline definition of the properties and quality of burnt soil and highlight the short-term effects of fire on volcanic soil in the Mediterranean area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Memoli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (S.C.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Speranza Claudia Panico
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (S.C.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Lucia Santorufo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (S.C.P.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08167911
| | - Rossella Barile
- Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio, Via Palazzo del Principe c/o Castello Mediceo, 80044 Ottaviano (NA), Italy;
| | - Gabriella Di Natale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.D.N.); (M.T.); (M.T.)
- CeSMA-Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Corso Nicolangelo Protopisani, 80146 San Giovanni a Teduccio (NA), Italy;
| | - Aldo Di Nunzio
- CeSMA-Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Corso Nicolangelo Protopisani, 80146 San Giovanni a Teduccio (NA), Italy;
| | - Maria Toscanesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.D.N.); (M.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (G.D.N.); (M.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Anna De Marco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Montesano, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Giulia Maisto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (V.M.); (S.C.P.); (G.M.)
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Stejskal N, Miranda JM, Martucci JF, Ruseckaite RA, Aubourg SP, Barros-Velázquez J. The Effect of Gelatine Packaging Film Containing a Spirulina platensis Protein Concentrate on Atlantic Mackerel Shelf Life. Molecules 2020; 25:E3209. [PMID: 32674424 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of packaging films containing natural preservative compounds attracts great attention for the quality improvement of seafood. Microalga spirulina (Spirulina platensis) represents a potential source of high added-value and preservative biocompounds. The goal of this study was to enhance the quality of refrigerated Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) by including a protein concentrate (PC) of spirulina in a gelatine-based film. Quality changes in fish muscle were monitored by microbial and chemical analyses throughout an 11-day refrigerated storage (4 °C). As a result of the presence of spirulina PC in the film, an antimicrobial effect (p < 0.05) was concluded as determined by comparative evolution of aerobes and psychrotrophs, while no effect (p > 0.05) was concluded for Enterobacteriaceae, proteolytics and lipolytics counts. Furthermore, a lower (p < 0.05) formation of trimethylamine and free fatty acids was detected. Lipid oxidation, measured by fluorescent compounds formation, also exhibited lower average values in fish corresponding to the batch containing spirulina concentrate. The preservative effects observed can be explained on the basis of the presence of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds in the microalga concentrate. It is proposed that the current packaging system may constitute a novel and promising strategy to enhance the quality of commercial refrigerated fatty fish.
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Madhumita M, Guha P, Nag A. Bio-actives of betel leaf (Piper betle L.): A comprehensive review on extraction, isolation, characterization, and biological activity. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2609-2627. [PMID: 32524688 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Piper betle L., belonging to Piperaceae family, known as a traditional herbal medicinal plant and used for several health benefits in Asian countries. Currently, demand for its products such as herbal drugs, medicines, and natural herbal formulations has increased. The beneficial effects of betel leaves and its products have traditionally exploited for the treatment of several diseases like bad breath, cuts, injuries, inflammations, cold cough, indigestion, etc. Till now, a broad range of bioactive compounds including polyphenols, terpenes, etc., has been identified from the extracts and essential oil (EO) of betel leaves. The structural and functional characterization of the extract and EO bio-actives has been derived by various advanced standard methods. Most of the health-related benefits of betel leaves have been associated with their bioactive phenolic compounds. The extract of this highly perishable product can be used in organic synthesis, food, and beverage industry, pharmaceuticals, etc., to the environmental issues. The present review provides information on extraction techniques, identification of bioactive compounds, and their biological activities. That apart, information on processing, preservation, and health benefits along with their mechanisms has also been added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Madhumita
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Proshanta Guha
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Ahnidra Nag
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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Salgar-Chaparro SJ, Lepkova K, Pojtanabuntoeng T, Darwin A, Machuca LL. Nutrient Level Determines Biofilm Characteristics and Subsequent Impact on Microbial Corrosion and Biocide Effectiveness. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e02885-19. [PMID: 31980429 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02885-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact that nutrient level has on biofilm characteristics, biocide effectiveness, and the associated risk of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) was assessed using multispecies biofilms from two different oilfield consortia. A range of microbiological, microscopy, and corrosion methods demonstrated that the continuous flow of nutrients for the microbial growth resulted in higher activity, thickness, and robustness of the biofilms formed on carbon steel, which induced greater localized corrosion compared to biofilms formed under batch, nutrient-depleted conditions. Despite of the differences in biofilm characteristics, biofilms displayed comparable susceptibilities to glutaraldehyde biocide, with similar log10 reductions and percent reductions of microorganisms under both nutrient conditions. Nevertheless, nutrient replenishment impacted the effectiveness of the biocide in controlling microbial populations; a higher concentration of cells survived the biocide treatment in biofilms formed under a continuous flow of nutrients. Complementary DNA-/RNA-based amplicon sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were used to discriminate the active within the total populations in biofilms established at the different nutrient conditions and allowed the identification of the microbial species that remained active despite nutrient depletion and biocide treatment. Detection of persistent active microorganisms after exposure to glutaraldehyde, regardless of biofilm structure, suggested the presence of microorganisms less susceptible to this biocide and highlighted the importance of monitoring active microbial species for the early detection of biocide resistance in oil production facilities.IMPORTANCE Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a complex process that generates economic losses to the industry every year. Corrosion must be managed to prevent a loss of containment of produced fluids to the external environment. MIC management includes the identification of assets with higher MIC risk, which could be influenced by nutrient levels in the system. Assessing biofilms under different nutrient conditions is essential for understanding the impact of flow regime on microbial communities and the subsequent impact on microbial corrosion and on the effectiveness of biocide treatment. This investigation simulates closely oil production systems, which contain piping sections exposed to continuous flow and sections that remain stagnant for long periods. Therefore, the results reported here are useful for MIC management and prevention. Moreover, the complementary methodological approach applied in this investigation highlighted the importance of implementing RNA-based methods for better identification of active microorganisms that survive stress conditions in oil systems.
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Prommer J, Walker TWN, Wanek W, Braun J, Zezula D, Hu Y, Hofhansl F, Richter A. Increased microbial growth, biomass, and turnover drive soil organic carbon accumulation at higher plant diversity. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:669-681. [PMID: 31344298 PMCID: PMC7027739 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Species-rich plant communities have been shown to be more productive and to exhibit increased long-term soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. Soil microorganisms are central to the conversion of plant organic matter into SOC, yet the relationship between plant diversity, soil microbial growth, turnover as well as carbon use efficiency (CUE) and SOC accumulation is unknown. As heterotrophic soil microbes are primarily carbon limited, it is important to understand how they respond to increased plant-derived carbon inputs at higher plant species richness (PSR). We used the long-term grassland biodiversity experiment in Jena, Germany, to examine how microbial physiology responds to changes in plant diversity and how this affects SOC content. The Jena Experiment considers different numbers of species (1-60), functional groups (1-4) as well as functional identity (small herbs, tall herbs, grasses, and legumes). We found that PSR accelerated microbial growth and turnover and increased microbial biomass and necromass. PSR also accelerated microbial respiration, but this effect was less strong than for microbial growth. In contrast, PSR did not affect microbial CUE or biomass-specific respiration. Structural equation models revealed that PSR had direct positive effects on root biomass, and thereby on microbial growth and microbial biomass carbon. Finally, PSR increased SOC content via its positive influence on microbial biomass carbon. We suggest that PSR favors faster rates of microbial growth and turnover, likely due to greater plant productivity, resulting in higher amounts of microbial biomass and necromass that translate into the observed increase in SOC. We thus identify the microbial mechanism linking species-rich plant communities to a carbon cycle process of importance to Earth's climate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Prommer
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem ScienceUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Tom W. N. Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem ScienceUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversité de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem ScienceUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Judith Braun
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem ScienceUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- The Scottish Association for Marine ScienceObanUK
| | - David Zezula
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem ScienceUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Yuntao Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem ScienceUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Florian Hofhansl
- International Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisLaxenburgAustria
| | - Andreas Richter
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem ScienceUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- International Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisLaxenburgAustria
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Papp K, Hungate BA, Schwartz E. Glucose triggers strong taxon-specific responses in microbial growth and activity: insights from DNA and RNA qSIP. Ecology 2019; 101:e02887. [PMID: 31502670 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Growth of soil microorganisms is often described as carbon limited, and adding labile carbon to soil often results in a transient and large increase in respiration. In contrast, soil microbial biomass changes little, suggesting that growth and respiration are decoupled in response to a carbon pulse. Alternatively, measuring bulk responses of the entire community (total respiration and biomass) could mask ecologically important variation among taxa in response to the added carbon. Here, we assessed taxon-specific variation in cellular growth (measured as DNA synthesis) and metabolic activity (measured as rRNA synthesis) following glucose addition to soil using quantitative stable isotope probing with H2 18 O. We found that glucose addition altered rates of DNA and rRNA synthesis, but the effects were strongly taxon specific: glucose stimulated growth and rRNA transcription for some taxa, and suppressed these for others. These contrasting taxon-specific responses could explain the small and transient changes in total soil microbial biomass. Responses to glucose were not well predicted by a priori assignments of taxa into copiotrophic or oligotrophic categories. Across all taxa, rates of DNA and rRNA synthesis changed in parallel, indicating that growth and activity were coupled, and the degree of coupling was unaffected by glucose addition. This pattern argues against the idea that labile carbon addition causes a large reduction in metabolic growth efficiency; rather, the large pulse of respiration observed with labile substrate addition is more likely to be the result of rapid turnover of microbial biomass, possibly due to trophic interactions. Our results support a strong connection between rRNA synthesis and bacterial growth, and indicate that taxon-specific responses among soil bacteria can buffer responses at the scale of the whole community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Papp
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
| | - Egbert Schwartz
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USA
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Ji XQ, Qi ZK, Qian FY, Shen YL, Wang JF. [Start-up of a Three-stage PN/A Granular Sludge Reactor for Treating Wastewater with High Concentrations of Ammonia]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2019; 40:4578-4584. [PMID: 31854826 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201904248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to apply partial nitritation-ANAMMOX (PN/A) technology to treat wastewater with high concentrations of ammonia, autotrophic nitrogen-removing granular sludge was crushed and inoculated into a three-stage continuous flow reactor. The nitrogen loading rate (NLR), dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, and free ammonia (FA) levels in each compartment of the reactor were controlled over a 106-day period. Results showed that the nitritation process occurred with the inoculated granules during the initial phase. A limited aeration strategy was employed in the reactor at relatively high NLRs. Given the effective suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and the prevention of ANAMMOX bacteria from high DO conditions, the compact structure and nitrogen-removal activity of the granules could be improved. When the ammonia-nitrogen concentration was increased in the influent to 350 mg·L-1, the adverse impacts of high FA concentrations on the functional microbe activity in the first compartment should be eliminated. This occurs by reducing the influent pH and alkalinity dosage. This occurs by reducing the influent pH and degree of alkalinity. As a result, a total nitrogen removal rate of 7.2 kg·(m3·d)-1 was achieved in the reactor, which is 50 to 100 times higher than that of conventional activated sludge systems. The consistent improvement in the nitrogen-removal activity of the granules was demonstrated by batch testing at different aeration intensities. This showed that activity was greatest in the first compartment, which showed the highest granular maturity. In addition, a clear linear correlation (R2>0.97) was observed between the amount of extracellular polymeric substance and the specific nitrogen removal rate. This indicated that the dense granules played a positive role in enhancing the performance of the reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Ze-Kun Qi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Fei-Yue Qian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Resource Utilization Technology of Municipal Sewage, Suzhou 215009, China
- Jiangsu High Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yao-Liang Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Resource Utilization Technology of Municipal Sewage, Suzhou 215009, China
- Jiangsu High Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jian-Fang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Resource Utilization Technology of Municipal Sewage, Suzhou 215009, China
- Jiangsu High Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou 215009, China
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