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Antonio J, Evans C, Ferrando AA, Stout JR, Antonio B, Cinteo H, Harty P, Arent SM, Candow DG, Forbes SC, Kerksick CM, Pereira F, Gonzalez D, Kreider RB. Common questions and misconceptions about protein supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show? J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2341903. [PMID: 38626029 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2341903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein supplementation often refers to increasing the intake of this particular macronutrient through dietary supplements in the form of powders, ready-to-drink shakes, and bars. The primary purpose of protein supplementation is to augment dietary protein intake, aiding individuals in meeting their protein requirements, especially when it may be challenging to do so through regular food (i.e. chicken, beef, fish, pork, etc.) sources alone. A large body of evidence shows that protein has an important role in exercising and sedentary individuals. A PubMed search of "protein and exercise performance" reveals thousands of publications. Despite the considerable volume of evidence, it is somewhat surprising that several persistent questions and misconceptions about protein exist. The following are addressed: 1) Is protein harmful to your kidneys? 2) Does consuming "excess" protein increase fat mass? 3) Can dietary protein have a harmful effect on bone health? 4) Can vegans and vegetarians consume enough protein to support training adaptations? 5) Is cheese or peanut butter a good protein source? 6) Does consuming meat (i.e., animal protein) cause unfavorable health outcomes? 7) Do you need protein if you are not physically active? 8) Do you need to consume protein ≤ 1 hour following resistance training sessions to create an anabolic environment in skeletal muscle? 9) Do endurance athletes need additional protein? 10) Does one need protein supplements to meet the daily requirements of exercise-trained individuals? 11) Is there a limit to how much protein one can consume in a single meal? To address these questions, we have conducted a thorough scientific assessment of the literature concerning protein supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio
- Nova Southeastern University, Department of Health and Human Performance, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Cassandra Evans
- Nova Southeastern University, Department of Health and Human Performance, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Arny A Ferrando
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Geriatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Stout
- University of Central Florida, School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Science, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Brandi Antonio
- University of Central Florida, School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Science, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Harry Cinteo
- Lindenwood University, Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | - Patrick Harty
- Lindenwood University, Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | - Shawn M Arent
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Darren G Candow
- University of Regina, Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Regina, Canada
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Brandon University, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Chad M Kerksick
- Lindenwood University, Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | - Flavia Pereira
- Keiser University, Exercise and Sport Science, West Palm Beach Flagship Campus, West Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | - Drew Gonzalez
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Richard B Kreider
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Department of Health & Kinesiology, College Station, TX, USA
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Isenmann E, Veit S, Flenker U, Lesch A, Lachenmeier DW, Diel P. Influence of short-term chronic oral cannabidiol application on muscle recovery and performance after an intensive training protocol - a randomized double-blind crossover study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2337252. [PMID: 38572744 PMCID: PMC10997358 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2337252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid regeneration after intense exercise is essential for competitive athletes. Based on this assumption, supplementation strategies, focusing on food supplements, are increasing to improve the recovery processes. One such supplement is cannabidiol (CBD) which is gaining more attention in competitive sports. However, the evidence is still lacking and there are no data available about the effect of a short-term chronic application. METHODS A three-arm double-blind cross-over study was conducted to determine the effects of two different CBD products on performance, muscle damage and inflammatory processes in well-trained athletes. In total 17 subjects took successfully part in this study. Each subject underwent the six-day, high-intensity training protocol three times. After each training session, each subject took either a placebo or a CBD product (60 mg of oil or solubilisate). Between the intervention phases, at least four weeks of washout period was conducted. Before and after the training protocols the performance capacity in countermovement jump (CMJ), back squat (BS), bench press (BP) and 1-mile run were measured and biomarkers for muscle damage (creatine kinase, myoglobin), inflammatory processes (interleukin 6 and 10) and immune cell activity (ratios of neutrophil granulocytes, lymphocytes and, platelets) were analyzed. For statistical analyses, the current version of R and a linear mixed model was used. RESULTS It could identify different effects of the training protocol depending on performance level (advanced or highly advanced athletes) (p < .05). Regardless of the performance level, muscle damage and a reduction in performance could be induced by the training protocol. Only CBD oil was associated with a reduction in myoglobin concentration (p < .05) in advanced athletes. Concerning immune activity, a significant decrease in platelets lymphocyte ratios was observed in advanced athletes after placebo treatment (p < .05). CBD oil application showed a slight inhibitory effect (p < .10). Moreover, the reduction in performance differs between the performance levels. A significant decrease in CMJ was observed in advanced athletes and a decreasing trend in BS was observed in highly advanced athletes after placebo treatment (p < 0.10). Both CBD products do not affect performance parameters. For inflammatory parameters, no effects were observed. CONCLUSION It was found that the performance level of the subjects was a decisive factor and that they responded differently to the training protocol and the CBD application. However, no clear effects of either CBD product were found and further research is needed to identify the long-term effects of CBD application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Isenmann
- German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- IST Hochschule of Applied Sciences, Department of Fitness and Health, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Veit
- German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flenker
- German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alessio Lesch
- German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Diel
- German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
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Barranco-Gil D, Alejo LB, Revuelta C, Górriz M, Pagola I, Ozcoidi LM, Lucia A, Valenzuela PL. High-dose short-term creatine supplementation without beneficial effects in professional cyclists: a randomized controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2340574. [PMID: 38606895 PMCID: PMC11018046 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2340574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence supports the ergogenic effects of creatine supplementation on muscle power/strength, but its effects on endurance performance remain unclear. We assessed the effects of high-dose short-term creatine supplementation in professional cyclists during a training camp. METHODS The study followed a double-blind, randomized parallel design. Twenty-three professional U23 cyclists (19 ± 1 years, maximum oxygen uptake: 73.0 ± 4.6 mL/kg/min) participated in a 6-day training camp. Participants were randomized to consume daily either a recovery drink (containing carbohydrates and protein) with a 20-g creatine supplement (creatine group, n = 11) or just the recovery drink (placebo group, n = 12). Training loads and dietary intake were monitored, and indicators of fatigue/recovery (Hooper index, countermovement jump height), body composition, and performance (10-second sprint, 3-, 6-, and 12-minute time trials, respectively, as well as critical power and W') were assessed as study outcomes. RESULTS The training camp resulted in a significant (p < 0.001) increase of training loads (+50% for total training time and + 61% for training stress score, compared with the preceding month) that in turn induced an increase in fatigue indicators (significant time effect [p < 0.001] for delayed-onset muscle soreness, fatigue, and total Hooper index) and a decrease in performance (significant time effect [p = 0.020] for critical power, which decreased by -3.8%). However, no significant group-by-time interaction effect was found for any of the study outcomes (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS High-dose short-term creatine supplementation seems to exert no consistent beneficial effects on recovery, body composition or performance indicators during a strenuous training period in professional cyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lidia B. Alejo
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PAHERG), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Revuelta
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Itziar Pagola
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Lucia
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PAHERG), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro L. Valenzuela
- Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PAHERG), Madrid, Spain
- University of Alcalá, Department of Systems Biology, Madrid, Spain
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Antonio J, Newmire DE, Stout JR, Antonio B, Gibbons M, Lowery LM, Harper J, Willoughby D, Evans C, Anderson D, Goldstein E, Rojas J, Monsalves-Álvarez M, Forbes SC, Gomez Lopez J, Ziegenfuss T, Moulding BD, Candow D, Sagner M, Arent SM. Common questions and misconceptions about caffeine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show? J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2323919. [PMID: 38466174 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2323919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is a popular ergogenic aid that has a plethora of evidence highlighting its positive effects. A Google Scholar search using the keywords "caffeine" and "exercise" yields over 200,000 results, emphasizing the extensive research on this topic. However, despite the vast amount of available data, it is intriguing that uncertainties persist regarding the effectiveness and safety of caffeine. These include but are not limited to: 1. Does caffeine dehydrate you at rest? 2. Does caffeine dehydrate you during exercise? 3. Does caffeine promote the loss of body fat? 4. Does habitual caffeine consumption influence the performance response to acute caffeine supplementation? 5. Does caffeine affect upper vs. lower body performance/strength differently? 6. Is there a relationship between caffeine and depression? 7. Can too much caffeine kill you? 8. Are there sex differences regarding caffeine's effects? 9. Does caffeine work for everyone? 10. Does caffeine cause heart problems? 11. Does caffeine promote the loss of bone mineral? 12. Should pregnant women avoid caffeine? 13. Is caffeine addictive? 14. Does waiting 1.5-2.0 hours after waking to consume caffeine help you avoid the afternoon "crash?" To answer these questions, we performed an evidence-based scientific evaluation of the literature regarding caffeine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Antonio
- Nova Southeastern University, Department of Health and Human Performance, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Daniel E Newmire
- Texas Woman's University, Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Health Promotion and Kinesiology, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Stout
- University of Central Florida, College of Health Professions and Sciences, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Brandi Antonio
- University of Central Florida, College of Health Professions and Sciences, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Lonnie M Lowery
- Nutrition, Exercise and Wellness Associates, Cuyahoga Falls, OH, USA
- Walsh University, Department of Exercise Science, North Canton, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Harper
- Walsh University, Department of Exercise Science, North Canton, OH, USA
| | - Darryn Willoughby
- School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, USA
| | - Cassandra Evans
- Nova Southeastern University, Department of Health and Human Performance, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Dawn Anderson
- Indiana Tech, Exercise and Sport Performance Laboratory, Fort Wayne, IN, USA
| | - Erica Goldstein
- Stetson University, Department of Health Sciences, Deland, FL, USA
| | - Jose Rojas
- Keiser University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
- Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Matías Monsalves-Álvarez
- Universidad de O´Higgins, Exercise Metabolism and Nutrition Laboratory. Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Rancagua, Chile
- Motion Human Performance Laboratory, Lo Barnechea, Chile
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Brandon University, Department of Physical Education Studies, CBrandon, MB, Canada
| | | | - Tim Ziegenfuss
- The Center for Applied Health Sciences, Canfield, OH, USA
| | - Blake D Moulding
- University of Regina, Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Darren Candow
- University of Regina, Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Regina, SK, Canada
| | | | - Shawn M Arent
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA
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Salako AO, Atteh JO, Akande TO, Kolade IO, Bajomo ET, Adegoke A. Response of broilers to dietary inclusion of atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strain as a biocontrol strategy of aflatoxin. Avian Pathol 2024; 53:218-225. [PMID: 38318791 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2316025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this trial was to evaluate how broilers responded to Aspergillus flavus strains that are toxigenic and atoxigenic. The study included four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design, with six replicates of 10 birds each. As a result of this study measuring feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), crude protein, ether extract, and crude fibre, the interaction was insignificant between the toxigenic and atoxigenic diets (P > 0.05). Consumption of toxigenic aflatoxin B1-500 ppb diet decreased FI and WG but increased FCR, and cost to produce live broiler weight (P < 0.05) compared to the control diets. The addition of atoxigenic strains to contaminated diets significantly offset (P < 0.05) the effects. Diets with or without 500 ppb toxigenic and atoxigenic A. flavus did not affect the relative weight g/100gBW of pancreas, gizzard and bursa of Fabricius. Dietary inclusion of 500 ppb toxigenic Aspergillus spp. increased the relative weight (P < 0.05) of the kidney, liver, spleen and thymus while atoxigenic dietary addition reduced the relative weight of the same organs (P < 0.05). Dietary inclusion of toxigenic and atoxigenic Aspergillus spp. did not significantly affect the haematological parameters measured (P < 0.05). Dietary inclusion of 500 ppb toxigenic Aspergillus elevated the urea, creatine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the serum of the broilers (P < 0.05). A decrease was observed when atox igenic A. flavus was used in the intervention for urea, creatinine and AST (P < 0.05), whereas an insignificant reduction was observed for ALT and ALP (P ≤ 0.05). This study concluded that dietary atoxigenic strain improved broiler performance, digestibility, and blood parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiola Olayemi Salako
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Job Olutimehin Atteh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo Oladoye Akande
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria
| | - Isiaka Oyeniyi Kolade
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Eunice Tayo Bajomo
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Adejoke Adegoke
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria
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Gholami M, Shirzadi H, Taherpour K, Rahmatnejad E, Shokri A, Khatibjoo A. Effect of emulsifier on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, faecal microbiology and blood biochemistry of broiler chickens fed low-energy diets. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1437. [PMID: 38555574 PMCID: PMC10981915 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study hypothesizes that a natural multicomponent emulsifier (Lipidol) could improve production performance in broiler chickens by aiding lipid digestion and addressing digestive system limitations. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary emulsifier inclusion on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, faecal microbiology, blood biochemistry and liver enzyme activities of broiler chickens fed low-energy diets. METHODS The experiment involved 144 one-day-old male broiler chickens split into 4 treatments. Four diets were used: standard metabolizable energy (ME) as a control diet and three low-ME diets, reducing by 100 kcal/kg by adding 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg of exogenous emulsifier (Em). RESULTS No significant differences were observed in body weight gain and feed intake. However, during the finisher period (25-42 days), supplementation emulsifier to low-ME diets notably improved feed efficiency. Although crude protein, organic matter and ash digestibility remained unaffected, dry matter (DM) digestibility significantly increased in broilers fed low-ME diets with emulsifier. Broilers receiving 0.5 g/kg of emulsifier showed the highest villus width and surface area values. Moreover, including 1.5 g/kg of emulsifier led to the highest villus height to crypt depth ratio. Faecal microbiota, blood biochemistry and liver enzyme activities showed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS Emulsifier supplementation compensated for the energy reduction and enhanced performance, DM digestibility and some intestinal morphology parameters in broiler chickens fed low-ME diet. Using 0.5 g/kg of emulsifier per 100 kcal of ME reduction in broiler diets is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Shirzadi
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureIlam UniversityIlamIran
| | - Kamran Taherpour
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureIlam UniversityIlamIran
| | - Enayat Rahmatnejad
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesPersian Gulf UniversityBushehrIran
| | - Alinaghi Shokri
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureIlam UniversityIlamIran
| | - Ali Khatibjoo
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of AgricultureIlam UniversityIlamIran
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Hansen S, Otten ND, Nissen SD, Carstensen H, Hopster-Iversen C, Fjeldborg J, Staun SH, Fenner M, Hesselkilde EM, Buhl R. Atrial fibrillation as a risk factor for exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage following a standardised exercise test. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:552-561. [PMID: 37654233 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been proposed as a risk factor for exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) due to increased pressure in the left atrium. OBJECTIVE To evaluate if AF was associated with EIPH following a standardised exercise test (SET) to fatigue. STUDY DESIGN Two-arm controlled experiment. METHODS Ten untrained Standardbred mares mean (standard deviation [SD]) age 6 (2) years performed a SET on the treadmill in sinus rhythm (SR) (SET1) and 25-44 days after induction of self-sustained AF (SET2). AF was induced by tachypacing using a pacing device. Endoscopy, including tracheal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), was performed 48-72 h before and 24 h after the two SETs. In addition, endoscopic grading of tracheal blood was performed 2 h after each SET. RESULTS After SET1, none of the horses showed blood in the trachea, and two horses showed erythrophagocytosis. Following SET2, two horses had grade 1 blood in the trachea and free erythrocytes and erythrophagocytosis in the BAL, while another two horses had erythrophagocytosis in the BAL. In SET2, the overall performance on the treadmill was decreased with a lower maximum velocity (SET1 10.3 ± 0.8 m/s vs. SET2 8.9 ± 0.9 m/s, p = 0.004), a higher heart rate (284 ± 21 vs. 221 ± 18 bpm, p = 0.003) and more abnormal QRS complexes (p < 0.001) compared with SET1. CONCLUSIONS Two horses showed signs of EIPH, resulting in visible blood in the trachea, when exercising in AF compared with SR. However, a possible link between EIPH, pulmonary pressure and AF needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanni Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Nina D Otten
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sarah D Nissen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Helena Carstensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Hopster-Iversen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Julie Fjeldborg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Sophie H Staun
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Merle Fenner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Eva M Hesselkilde
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Rikke Buhl
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
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de Souza RF, de Matos DG, Lopes Dos Santos J, Andrade Lima C, Reis Pires Ferreira A, Moreno G, Santos Oliveira A, Dutra Pereira D, Knechtle B, Aidar FJ. Effects of ibuprofen during 42-km trail running on oxidative stress, muscle fatigue, muscle damage and performance: a randomized controlled trial. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:400-410. [PMID: 36154349 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2122826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Up to 75% of marathon runners ingest non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) during competition. Despite the doubt whether or not they contribute to performance, the effect of NSAID in endurance sports is unclear. We evaluated the effect of ibuprofen (IBU) use on oxidative stress, muscle damage, physical performance, and vertical jump of runners participating in a 42-km-trail running. The sample consisted of 12 men randomly divided into 2 groups: a placebo group (placebo) and an ibuprofen group (IBG). A 400-mg IBU capsule was administered to the IBG 15 min prior to the start of the trial and during the course after 5 h. In the intergroup analysis, placebo 70.1% increase (p < 0.0001; Cohen's d = 4.77) of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); the IBG exhibited a 31.46% increase of the sulphhydryl groups (SH) (p = 0.024, Cohen's d = 0.27), 55% of squat jump (SJ) (p < 0.01; Cohen's d = 1.41) with no significant effect on creatine kinase (CK), pace, speed, and finish time. In summary, IBU had positive evidence on oxidative stress and muscle fatigue, but had no effect on physical performance and muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Fabricio de Souza
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports - GEPEPS, the Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Master's level in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Dihogo Gama de Matos
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports - GEPEPS, the Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jymmys Lopes Dos Santos
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Clésio Andrade Lima
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Reis Pires Ferreira
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports - GEPEPS, the Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Giselle Moreno
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Alan Santos Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Inflammatory Process, Federal University of Sergipe-UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Danielle Dutra Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felipe J Aidar
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports - GEPEPS, the Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Master's level in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, Sergipe, Brazil
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Kittrick AM, Jones A, Morgan LT. Timepoint for return to occupations post-burn injury using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Aust Occup Ther J 2024. [PMID: 38616179 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was implemented at a state-wide burns service to ensure compliance with current best evidence as outlined by the Australian and New Zealand Burns Association 'burn trauma rehabilitation: allied health practice guidelines'- Chapter 7 Measuring Post-Burn Recovery, as a standard outcome measure for individuals with an admission time greater than 24 h. The primary aim of this study is to determine if individuals have a minimal important change in performance and satisfaction with activities that were identified as problematic on the COPM prior to their acute discharge. Previous research confirmed the feasibility of using the COPM in the acute burn ward and recommended the most appropriate timepoint for re-measurement be confirmed, which is the secondary objective of this study. The benefits of confirming this timepoint include ensuring efficient use of clinicians' time without compromising the accuracy of the assessment and ensuring effective translation of the guidelines' recommendation. METHODS A prospective longitudinal study was undertaken, where all individuals who previously completed a COPM prior to acute discharge were sought to complete a re-assessment while accessing outpatient services. Time frames for re-assessment were open. Only individuals who were actively receiving occupational therapy outpatient services were included. COPM assessments were completed in person where possible, particularly for participants who required an interpreter, with phone and video calls also used when needed. RESULTS A total of 37 participants were included, with the timeframe between initial and post-COPM assessment ranging from 2 to 643 days. Outcomes plateaued at approximately 12 months (365 days) post-initial measurement (prior to discharge from acute ward). The most common occupational performance goals that participants identified were returning to work, sport, and driving. 86.5% of participants increased their satisfaction with these activities. The results of this study demonstrate improvements across the domains of performance and satisfaction occur for individuals with burns at approximately 3 months and 12 months post-injury. CONCLUSION Based on this study, it is suggested that when using the COPM assessment in a tertiary burn setting, re-measurement be completed no earlier than 3 months and later than 12 months from burn injury, or upon discharge from the service. The findings from this study will be translated into clinical practice at this facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mc Kittrick
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
| | - Amber Jones
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
| | - Lachlan T Morgan
- School of Allied Health, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, Australia
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Magalhães J, Cappellozza BI, Dos Santos TC, Inoe F, Júnior JPA, Kurissio JK, Queiroz O, Joergensen JN, Cooke RF, Vasconcelos CGC, Vasconcelos JLM. Effects of supplementing direct-fed microbials on health and growth of pre-weaning Gyr × Holstein dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00735-5. [PMID: 38608942 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of direct-fed microbials (DFM) on health and growth responses of pre-weaning Bos indicus × B. taurus (Gyr × Holstein) crossbred calves. Ninety newborn heifer calves [initial body weight (BW) 35 ± 4.0 kg] were used. At birth, calves were ranked by initial BW and parity of the dam and assigned to: 1) whole milk without DFM supplementation (CON; n = 30), 2) whole milk with the addition of 1.0 g/calf per day of a Bacillus-based DFM (BAC; n = 30), or 3) whole milk with the addition of 1.0 g/calf per day of BAC and 1.2 g/calf per day of Enterococcus faecium 669 (MIX; n = 30). Milk was fed individually during the study (77 d) and the BAC and MIX treatments were offered daily throughout the 77-d pre-weaning period. All calves were offered a starter supplement and corn silage starting on d 1 and 60 of age, respectively. Milk and starter supplement intake were evaluated daily, and BW was recorded on d 0 and at weaning (d 77). Diarrhea and pneumonia were assessed daily, and fecal samples were collected on d 0, 7, 14, 21, and at weaning (d 77) for assessment of the presence of bacterial and protozoal pathogens via qPCR. All data were analyzed using SAS (v. 9.4) with calf as the experimental unit and using single-df orthogonal contrasts (BAC + MIX vs. CON; BAC vs. MIX). Daily feeding of DFM, regardless of type, improved weaning BW. Odds ratio for occurrence of pneumonia was lower for DFM-supplemented calves, but occurrence of both did not differ between BAC and MIX calves. No Salmonella spp. or E. coli F41 were detected in any of the calves. The proportion of calves positive for E. coli F17 was greater for DFM calves on d 7 (92 and 96% vs. 81% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively), 21 (13 and 26% vs. 7% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively), and at weaning (48 and 35% vs. 22% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively). For C. difficile, more DFM calves were positive on d 7 (65 and 30% vs. 35% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively) and 14 (20 and 28% vs. 7% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively), but also greater for BAC vs. MIX on d 7. More CON calves were positive for C. perfringens on d 14 (14% vs. 3 and 8% for CON, BAC, and MIX, respectively) compared with DFM-fed calves. Incidence of calves positive for C. perfringens was greater in BAC vs. MIX on d 7 (50 vs. 18%), and greater for MIX vs. BAC at weaning (9 vs. 0%). For protozoa occurrence, a lower proportion of DFM calves were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. on d 7 (58 and 48% vs. 76% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively), but opposite results were observed on d 21 for Cryptosporidium spp. (3 and 11% vs. 0% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively) and Eimeria spp. on d 14 (7 and 8% vs. 0% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively) and 21 (50 and 59% vs. 38% for BAC, MIX, and CON, respectively). In summary, DFM feeding alleviated the occurrence of pneumonia, improved growth rates, while also modulating the prevalence of bacteria and protozoa in pre-weaning Gyr × Holstein calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Magalhães
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno I Cappellozza
- Commercial Development, Animal & Plant Health and Nutrition, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm 2970, Denmark
| | - Taynara C Dos Santos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Inoe
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil
| | - João Pessoa Araújo Júnior
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18607-440, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline K Kurissio
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18607-440, Brazil
| | - Oscar Queiroz
- Commercial Development, Animal & Plant Health and Nutrition, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm 2970, Denmark
| | - Jens N Joergensen
- Commercial Development, Animal & Plant Health and Nutrition, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm 2970, Denmark
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | | | - José Luiz M Vasconcelos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil.
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Edwards KY, Bell SM, LeBlanc SJ, DeVries TJ, Steele MA, Costa JHC, Renaud DL. Evaluation of bovine colostrum replacer supplementation to improve weaning transition in Holstein dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00739-2. [PMID: 38608945 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of supplementing bovine colostrum replacer during weaning to reduce intestinal permeability and improve gain. For this experiment, 65 calves were enrolled and housed individually until 70 d of age. Calves were fed milk replacer (150 g/L) 3 times daily with 9 L/d, 10.5 L/d, 11.25 L/d, and 12 L/d offered from d 1-7, d 8-14, d 15-21, d 22-56, respectively. Calves were weaned over 8 d from d 57-64, receiving a total of 7.8 L in 2 meals/d from d 57-60 and 3.8 L/d in one feeding from d 61-64. At d 57, calves were blocked by birth weight and randomly assigned to one of 2 treatments, equal in metabolizable energy, which were fed once daily during weaning from d 57-64: control (CON; n = 31 calves): 3.8 L milk replacer (150 g/L) fed by nipple bottle, or colostrum supplementation (COL; n = 34): a mixture of 1 L bovine colostrum replacer (125 g/L) and 3 L milk replacer (150 g/L) with 3.8 L of the mixture fed by nipple bottle. Serum IgG was measured within 48 h of birth and body weight was taken at d 0, 57, 60, 64, 70, 77, and 84. Starter intake and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) score were measured daily from d 50-70 and fecal consistency was examined daily from d 56-70. Serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and lung consolidation were evaluated at d 57, 64, and 70 and intestinal permeability was assessed by recovery of chromium-EDTA, lactulose, and d-mannitol from plasma after oral administration at d 56 and 65. There was no difference in body weight between treatment groups at the start of weaning, but COL were 2.79 kg (95% CI: 0.90-4.68) and 2.76 kg (95% CI: 0.86-4.65) heavier than CON at d 77 and 84, respectively. Additionally, COL tended to gain 100.00 g/d more than CON calves (95% CI: -10.41-207.13) from d 57-84. There were no differences in any of the other variables measured. Supplementation of bovine colostrum replacer during weaning may improve weight gain, but the mechanism of action is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Y Edwards
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Stephen J LeBlanc
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Trevor J DeVries
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Michael A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Joao H C Costa
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405
| | - David L Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Lechien JR, Naunheim MR, Maniaci A, Radulesco T, Saibene AM, Chiesa-Estomba CM, Vaira LA. Performance and Consistency of ChatGPT-4 Versus Otolaryngologists: A Clinical Case Series. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024. [PMID: 38591726 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the performance of Chatbot Generative Pretrained Transformer-4 (ChatGPT-4) in the management of cases in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. STUDY DESIGN Prospective case series. SETTING Multicenter University Hospitals. METHODS History, clinical, physical, and additional examinations of adult outpatients consulting in otolaryngology departments of CHU Saint-Pierre and Dour Medical Center were presented to ChatGPT-4, which was interrogated for differential diagnoses, management, and treatment(s). According to specialty, the ChatGPT-4 responses were assessed by 2 distinct, blinded board-certified otolaryngologists with the Artificial Intelligence Performance Instrument. RESULTS One hundred cases were presented to ChatGPT-4. ChaGPT-4 indicated a mean of 3.34 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.09, 3.59) additional examinations per patient versus 2.10 (95% CI: 1.76, 2.34; P = .001) for the practitioners. There was strong consistency (k > 0.600) between otolaryngologists and ChatGPT-4 for the indication of upper aerodigestive tract endoscopy, positron emission tomography and computed tomography, audiometry, tympanometry, and psychophysical evaluations. Primary diagnosis was correctly performed by ChatGPT-4 in 38% to 86% of cases depending on subspecialty. Additional examinations indicated by ChatGPT-4 were pertinent and necessary in 8% to 31% of cases, while the treatment regimen was pertinent in 12% to 44% of cases. The performance of ChatGPT-4 was not influenced by the human-reported level of difficulty of clinical cases. CONCLUSION ChatGPT-4 may be a promising adjunctive tool in otolaryngology, providing extensive documentation about additional examinations, primary and differential diagnoses, and treatments. The ChatGPT-4 is more effective in providing a primary diagnosis, and less effective in the selection of additional examinations and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme R Lechien
- Research Committee of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies (IFOS), Paris, France
- Division of Laryngology and Broncho-Esophagology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, Phonetics and Phonology Laboratory (UMR 7018 CNRS, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle/Paris 3), Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mattheuw R Naunheim
- Research Committee of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies (IFOS), Paris, France
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antonino Maniaci
- Research Committee of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies (IFOS), Paris, France
- Department of medicine and surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna "Kore", Enna, Italy
| | - Thomas Radulesco
- Research Committee of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies (IFOS), Paris, France
- ENT-HNS Department, APHM, CNRS, IUSTI, La Conception University Hospital, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Alberto M Saibene
- Research Committee of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies (IFOS), Paris, France
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos M Chiesa-Estomba
- Research Committee of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies (IFOS), Paris, France
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Luigi A Vaira
- Research Committee of Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies (IFOS), Paris, France
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, PhD School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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13
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De-Sousa KT, Ligori VA, Gonçalves CM, Negrão JA, Deniz M, Fernandes AR, Barbosa GHV, El Faro L. Relationship among thermal environment, stage of lactation, body characteristics, yield and milk constituents of dairy Gyr cows managed on pasture. J DAIRY RES 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38584303 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029924000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Our aims were to evaluate changes in body characteristics, milk yield and milk constituents as well as to determine the relationship between the thermal environment and production characteristics during the first lactation of dairy Gyr cows managed on pasture. Between 2013 and 2015, forty-five primiparous dairy Gyr cows were evaluated from prepartum to 10 months of lactation in Southeast of Brazil. Body weight, body condition score (BCS), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), milk yield (305 d), and milk constituents were collected monthly and progesterone was collected weekly. Additionally, we determined the temperature humidity index (THI) based on microclimate data. Overall, the cows lost body weight until six months of lactation and there was a progressive decrease in BCS, SFT, milk yield and milk lactose as the months in lactation progressed. In contrast, there was an increase in milk fat, milk protein and milk solids. The thermal environment did not pose a consistent heat challenge, nevertheless, we found a positive correlation between the average THI two days before milk collection with milk yield, fat and lactose contents, but in contrast a negative correlation was found with total solids and protein. In conclusion, the THI and months of lactation affected the yield and constituents of milk. However, more studies are necessary to understand the impacts of body characteristics and thermal environment on yield and milk constituents throughout the productive life of Gyr dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviane Andrade Ligori
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Sertãozinho, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Alberto Negrão
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Deniz
- Grupo de Estudos em Bovinos Leiteiros, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lenira El Faro
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Sertãozinho, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Brown F, Hill M, Renshaw D, Tallis J. Force-Time Characteristics of Repeated Bouts of Depth Jumps and the Effects of Compression Garments. J Appl Biomech 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38580303 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2023-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
No studies have reported ground reaction force (GRF) profiles of the repeated depth jump (DJ) protocols commonly used to study exercise-induced muscle damage. Furthermore, while compression garments (CG) may accelerate recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage, any effects on the repeated bout effect are unknown. Therefore, we investigated the GRF profiles of 2 repeated bouts of damage-inducing DJs and the effects of wearing CG for recovery. Nonresistance-trained males randomly received CG (n = 9) or placebo (n = 8) for 72 hours recovery, following 20 × 20 m sprints and 10 × 10 DJs from 0.6 m. Exercise was repeated after 14 days. Using a 3-way (set × bout × group) design, changes in GRF were assessed with analysis of variance and statistical parametric mapping. Jump height, reactive strength, peak, and mean propulsive forces declined between sets (P < .001). Vertical stiffness, contact time, force at zero velocity, and propulsive duration increased (P < .05). According to statistical parametric mapping, braking (17%-25% of the movement) and propulsive forces (58%-81%) declined (P < .05). During the repeated bout, peak propulsive force and duration increased (P < .05), while mean propulsive force (P < .05) and GRF from 59% to 73% declined (P < .001). A repeated bout of DJs differed in propulsive GRF, without changes to the eccentric phase, or effects from CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Brown
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Science, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Matt Hill
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Science, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Tallis
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Science, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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15
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Calarco J, Pruden A, Harwood VJ. Comparison of methods proposed for monitoring cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli in the water environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024:e0212823. [PMID: 38572968 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02128-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a promising subject for globally coordinated surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in water environments due to its clinical relevance and widespread use as an indicator of fecal contamination. Cefotaxime-resistant E. coli was recently evaluated favorably for this purpose by the World Health Organization TriCycle Protocol, which specifies tryptone bile x-glucuronide (TBX) medium and incubation at 35°C. We assessed comparability with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-approved method for E. coli quantification, which uses membrane-thermotolerant E. coli (mTEC) agar and incubation at 44.5°C, in terms of recovery of E. coli and cefotaxime-resistant E. coli from wastewater influent and surface waters. Total E. coli concentrations in wastewater influent were 106-108 CFU/100 mL, while cefotaxime-resistant E. coli were ~100-fold lower. Total E. coli in surface waters were ~102 CFU/100 mL, and cefotaxime-resistant isolates were near the limit of detection (0.4 CFU/100 mL). Total and putative cefotaxime-resistant E. coli concentrations did not differ significantly between media or by incubation method; however, colonies isolated on mTEC were more frequently confirmed to species (97.1%) compared to those from TBX (92.5%). Incubation in a water bath at 44.5°C significantly decreased non-specific background growth and improved confirmation frequency on both media (97.4%) compared to incubation at 35°C (92.3%). This study helps to advance globally coordinated AMR in water environments and suggests that the TriCycle Protocol is adaptable to other standard methods that may be required in different locales, while also offering a means to improve specificity by decreasing the frequency of false-positive identification of cefotaxime-resistant E. coli by modifying incubation conditions.IMPORTANCEAs antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water environments are increasingly recognized as contributors to the global antibiotic resistance crisis, the need for a monitoring subject that captures antibiotic resistance trends on a global scale increases. The World Health Organization TriCycle Protocol proposes the use of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli isolated on tryptone bile x-glucuronide agar. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) criteria for safe recreational waters also use E. coli as an indicator but specify the use of mTEC agar at a higher incubation temperature (44.5°C vs 35°C). We assessed the comparability of these methods for isolating total and cefotaxime-resistant E. coli, finding overall good agreement and performance, but significantly higher specificity toward E. coli selection with the use of the USEPA incubation protocol and mTEC agar. This study is the first to directly compare these methods and provides evidence that the methods may be used interchangeably for global surveillance of antibiotic resistance in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Calarco
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Amy Pruden
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Valerie J Harwood
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Nieuwenhuis S. Arousal and performance: revisiting the famous inverted-U-shaped curve. Trends Cogn Sci 2024:S1364-6613(24)00078-0. [PMID: 38570252 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Arousal level is thought to be a key determinant of variability in cognitive performance. In a recent study, Beerendonk, Mejías et al. show that peak performance in decision-making tasks is reached at moderate levels of arousal. They also propose a neurobiologically informed computational model that can explain the inverted-U-shaped relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Nieuwenhuis
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Mbwasi R, Msovela K, Chilunda F, Tesha S, Canavan R, Wiedenmayer K. Comparing pharmacy practice in health facilities with and without pharmaceutically trained dispensers: a post intervention study in Tanzania. J Pharm Policy Pract 2024; 17:2323091. [PMID: 38572378 PMCID: PMC10989198 DOI: 10.1080/20523211.2024.2323091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The critical shortage of comprehensively trained healthcare staff in Tanzania affects the capacity to deliver essential health services, attain universal health coverage and compromises health outcomes. There is a specific lack of suitably trained pharmaceutical professionals, thus, an increase in the use of unqualified or poorly trained staff. Following the introduction of a one-year pharmacy dispenser course intervention, this study explored the impact that the new cadre of graduates had on pharmacy practice compared to healthcare facilities with non-pharmacy trained dispensers (NPTDs). Methods A post intervention assessment was conducted in 2021 using questionnaires formulated to measure indicators of Good Pharmacy Practice, comparing 29 public health facilities employing pharmacy-trained dispensers (PTD) with 32 public health facilities with NPTDs in Dodoma, Shinyanga and Morogoro regions of Tanzania. Data were collected by experienced pharmacists or pharmaceutical technicians and subsequently aggregated and statistically analysed. Results The dispensing times for medicines were found to be the same for PTDs and the NPTDs (2 min). There were no statistically significant differences in the adequacy of labelling elements between PTDs and NPTDs. Patients' level of knowledge of the medicines dispensed to them, from both PTDs and NPTDs, showed no difference. Moreover, no differences were observed in storage practice and documentation performance, records of dispensed medicines, handling of medicines and the dispensing area cleanliness between both groups. Overall, facilities with PTDs averaged a higher availability of tracer medicines (77%) than those with NPTDs (70%), however, availability of health commodities in all health facilities in the three regions was low and there was no statistically significant difference between both groups. Conclusion The study showed no significant difference in performance of pharmacy practice between PTDs and NPTDs despite the former undertaking a one-year training course intended to improve knowledge and skills. Practice application not only depends on effective training but on the working environment. Clear job descriptions, appropriate tools and references to guide, Standard Operating Procedures, acceptance by management of the training undertaken to actively encourage recruits to apply these new skills could improve PTDs performance. Training and knowledge alone do not seem to lead to better practice and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romuald Mbwasi
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, St John’s University of Tanzania, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Kelvin Msovela
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, St John’s University of Tanzania, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Fiona Chilunda
- Health Promotion and System Strengthening (HPSS) Project, Dodoma
| | - Sia Tesha
- Health Promotion and System Strengthening (HPSS) Project, Dodoma
| | - Robert Canavan
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karin Wiedenmayer
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Winkens J, Hamstra MRW. Does encouraging mastery goals benefit performance in a scoring exercise? It may depend on chronic self-adopted achievement goals. Scand J Psychol 2024; 65:339-345. [PMID: 37951843 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mastery goals (aims to learn or attain skill) have traditionally been portrayed in achievement-motivation literature as the optimal goal for ensuring objective performance and well-being outcomes (relative to performance goals - aims to outperform others). This portrayal often yielded the recommendation that those in applied settings, such as coaches, managers, and teachers, should encourage those whom they lead to pursue mastery goals. We put this assertion to a test by examining whether the effect of situationally induced goals depends on the goals that individuals personally self-adopt. METHODS We hypothesized that inducing mastery goals would be beneficial for individuals who self-adopt performance goals (Hypothesis 1), while inducing performance goals would be beneficial for individuals who self-adopt mastery goals (Hypothesis 2). We conducted an experiment among amateur field hockey players to test these hypotheses in a scoring exercise. RESULTS We found that encouraging a mastery goal (compared with a performance goal) led to higher scoring accuracy among players high in self-adopted performance goals (supporting Hypothesis 1) but also unexpectedly for individuals low in self-adopted mastery goals. We did not find support for Hypothesis 2. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that situationally inducing a mastery goal may be beneficial for individuals who do not already self-adopt mastery goals strongly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Winkens
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Melvyn R W Hamstra
- IESEG School of Management, UMR 9221 - LEM - Lille Économie Management, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, UMR 9221 - LEM - Lille Économie Management, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 9221 - LEM - Lille Économie Management, Lille, France
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19
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Gouda A, Tolba S, Mahrose K, Felemban SG, Khafaga AF, Khalifa NE, Jaremko M, Moustafa M, Alshaharni MO, Algopish U, Abd El-Hack ME. Heat shock proteins as a key defense mechanism in poultry production under heat stress conditions. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103537. [PMID: 38428202 PMCID: PMC10912679 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, the poultry industry has been assigned to greater production performance but has become highly sensitive to environmental changes. The average world temperature has recently risen and is predicted to continue rising. In open-sided houses, poultry species confront high outside temperatures, which cause heat stress (HS) problems. Cellular responses are vital in poultry, as they may lead to identifying confirmed HS biomarkers. Heat shock proteins (HSP) are highly preserved protein families that play a significant role in cell function and cytoprotection against various stressors, including HS. The optimal response in which the cell survives the HS elevates HSP levels that prevent cellular proteins from damage caused by HS. The HSP have chaperonic action to ensure that stress-denatured proteins are folded, unfolded, and refolded. The HSP70 and HSP90 are the primary HSP in poultry with a defensive function during HS. HSP70 was the optimal biological marker for assessing HS among the HSP studied. The current review attempts to ascertain the value of HSP as a heat stress defense mechanism in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gouda
- Animal Production Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar Tolba
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Khalid Mahrose
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Shatha G Felemban
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Norhan E Khalifa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh 51511, Egypt
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed O Alshaharni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Uthman Algopish
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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20
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Abstract
The aim was to compare the transfer of dry-land strength and power (S&P) of the shoulder into thrust in front-crawl between swimmers of different competitive levels. Four elite and six sub-elite swimmers were selected to perform a dry-land or an in-water test in random order. The dry-land S&P measurements comprised mean torque, peak torque and mean power of the shoulder rotators of the dominant and non-dominant upper-limbs that were assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer at 90°/s and 180°/s. In-water mean thrust, peak thrust and peak power were collected using an in-house customised system composed of differential pressure sensors and an underwater camera during a 25 m freestyle swim at three different paces (400 m pace, 200 m pace, all-out). There were non-significant and trivial variations in dry-land S&P between elite and sub-elite swimmers. The variations were non-significant but mostly large in the case of thrust. Correlation coefficients of elite swimmers were significantly larger than sub-elite counterparts. In conclusion, elite swimmers seem to be more efficient than sub-elite swimmers at transferring dry-land S&P into thrust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Q J Tan
- Physical Education and Sport Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus J C Lee
- Sport Science and Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Desmond Boey
- Sport Science and Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Danny Lum
- Physical Education and Sport Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Sport Science and Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tiago M Barbosa
- Physical Education and Sport Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal
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21
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Degueldre J, Dessy E, T'Sas F, Keesebilck E, Deneys V. When do benefits turn to risks? Impact of a 900 mL whole blood donation on Special Forces performance. Transfusion 2024; 64:656-664. [PMID: 38385641 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Special Forces (SF) teams operate in remote environments with limited medical support. As a result, they may need to rely on buddy transfusions to treat bleeding teammates. Considering that 450 mL has no direct impact on their combat performances, it might be tempting to take more blood from a compatible donor to save a hemorrhaging teammate. This study investigates the effect of a 900 mL blood donation on SF operator performance and recovery time following this donation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Participants underwent a multifactorial assessment including measures of physiological parameters, vigilance, and physical performance. Results from the day of blood donation were compared with baseline values obtained 1 week earlier (i.e., immediate effect), as well as repeated testing at 7, 14, and approximately 30 days after blood donation (i.e., recovery period). RESULTS Hemoglobin levels and heart rate were affected by giving blood. The participants also experienced a significant decrease in physical performance of more than 50% immediately after blood donation. Recovery was slow over the following weeks, remaining significantly different from baseline until full recovery around day 30. However, participants were still able to respond to a simple stimulus and adjust their response, if necessary, even immediately after donating blood. DISCUSSION A 900 mL blood donation greatly affects the physical fitness of SF operators. A donation may be worthwhile if it is the only life-saving procedure available and does not endanger the donor's life. The donor would then become a patient and unable to complete the mission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Degueldre
- Military Medical Laboratory Capacity - Ops Dept, MHQA, Military Hospital Queen Astrid, Brussels, Belgium
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCL, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Dessy
- Military Medical Laboratory Capacity - Ops Dept, MHQA, Military Hospital Queen Astrid, Brussels, Belgium
| | - F T'Sas
- Military Medical Laboratory Capacity - Ops Dept, MHQA, Military Hospital Queen Astrid, Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Keesebilck
- Burn Unit BWC-HC, MHQA, Military Hospital Queen Astrid, Brussels, Belgium
| | - V Deneys
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCL, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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22
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Young JW, Chadwell BA, O'Neill TP, Pastor F, Marchi D, Hartstone-Rose A. Quantitative assessment of grasping strength in platyrrhine monkeys. Am J Biol Anthropol 2024; 183:e24900. [PMID: 38269651 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the longstanding importance of grasping adaptations in theories of primate evolution, quantitative data on primate grasping strength remain rare. We present the results of two studies testing the prediction that callitrichines-given their comparative retreat from a small-branch environment and specialization for movement and foraging on tree trunks and large boughs-should be characterized by weaker grasping forces and underdeveloped digital flexor muscles relative to other platyrrhines. METHODS First, we directly measured manual grasping strength in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis), using a custom-constructed force transducer. Second, we reanalyzed existing datasets on the fiber architecture of forearm and leg muscles in 12 platyrrhine species, quantifying digital flexor muscle physiological cross-sectional area (i.e., PCSA, a morphometric proxy of muscle strength) relative to the summed PCSA across all forearm or leg muscles. RESULTS Callithrix was characterized by lower mean and maximum grasping forces than Saimiri, and callitrichines as a clade were found to have relatively underdeveloped manual digital flexor muscle PCSA. However, relative pedal digital flexor PCSA did not significantly differ between callitrichines and other platyrrhines. CONCLUSIONS We found partial support for the hypothesis that variation in predominant substrate usage explains variation in empirical measurements of and morphological correlates of grasping strength in platyrrhines. Future research should extend the work presented here by (1) collecting morphological and empirical metrics of grasping strength in additional primate taxa and (2) extending performance testing to include empirical measures of primate pedal grasping forces as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse W Young
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, Ohio, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Brad A Chadwell
- Department of Anatomy, Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine, Meridian, Idaho, USA
| | - Timothy P O'Neill
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Francisco Pastor
- Departamento de Anatomía y Radiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Adam Hartstone-Rose
- College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Jespersen JC, Sommer KM, White CS, Froebel LE, Dorigam JCDP, Harsh BN, Dilger RN. Effects of a coccidiosis challenge on dietary methionine recommendations in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103502. [PMID: 38350387 PMCID: PMC10875611 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Broilers are commonly exposed to coccidiosis infections, and the use of dietary strategies to reduce losses in growth performance has practical implications for the poultry industry. Methionine (Met) is typically the first limiting amino acid for broilers and is involved in metabolic and immunological pathways; however, literature is conflicting on how dietary Met requirements are affected by environmental stressors. Our objective was to assess how the Met requirement changes during coccidiosis based on results of growth performance, carcass traits, and health outcomes. Two trials were conducted using 780 male Ross 308 broiler chicks in floor pens randomly assigned to 1 of 12 experimental treatments. All birds received common starter (d 0-10) and finisher (d 24-35, Trial 2 only) diets, and only differed based on their assigned experimental grower diet (d 10-24). Trial 1 experimental grower diets ranged from 2.61 to 6.21 g/kg digestible Met. Trial 2 experimental grower diets were formulated to contain 15% below, at, or 15% above the Met requirement determined in Trial 1. Birds were exposed to a coccidiosis challenge on d 11, with blood and tissue collection (1 bird/pen) on d 18 and carcass processing on d 35 (2 birds/pen) in Trial 2. Data were analyzed using a 1- or 2-way ANOVA. A non-linear regression analysis was conducted in Trial 1 to determine the Met requirement of 4.32 g of digestible Met/kg of diet using BW gain. Coccidiosis infection reduced (P < 0.05) growth performance during the experimental grower and overall study periods in Trial 2. Increasing dietary Met from below requirement to meeting requirement during the grower period improved (P < 0.001) BW gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR), but this effect was only significant between treatments below and above the requirement for the overall study period. There was an interactive effect (P = 0.038) on FCR for the overall study period. These findings provide evidence that the Met requirement is likely increased during coccidiosis based on growth performance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Jespersen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - K M Sommer
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - C S White
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - L E Froebel
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - B N Harsh
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - R N Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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24
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Feijo JC, Vieira SL, Maria DDB, Horn RM, Favero A, Altevogt WE, Nicola BS. Dietary contribution of iron from limestone and dicalcium phosphate for broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103558. [PMID: 38442559 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron is routinely supplemented in broiler feeds aiming to prevent dietary deficiencies. Limestone and phosphates are very rich in Fe; however, its contribution from these sources have not been thoroughly investigated with chickens. The present research was conducted to evaluate live performance and blood parameters of broilers when using limestone and dicalcium phosphate as sources of Fe. A total of 576 one-day-old male Cobb x Cobb 500 were allocated into a total of 72 battery cages, 6 treatments with 12 replication cages of 8 chicks at placement. Chicks were fed diets formulated with corn, soybean meal (SBM) with laboratory grade calcium carbonate and phosphoric acid (having traces of Fe). All chicks were fed a common prestarter without Fe supplementation (analyzed total 58.2 ± 2.4 mg/kg Fe) from placement to 7 d. Allocation of birds to dietary treatments was completely randomized on day 8. Treatments had increasing Fe derived from commercial limestone and dicalcium phosphate (analyzed Fe 7,218 and 4,783 mg/kg, respectively) progressively replacing calcium carbonate and phosphoric acid to provide graded increases in total Fe (analyzed Fe in the feeds were 57.6 ± 2.1, 92.0 ± 2.3, 124.1 ± 2.7, 159.3 ± 3.1, 187.2 ± 3.2, 223.7 ± 3.6 mg/kg, respectively). There were no effects of dietary Fe on live performance, hematocrit, and hemoglobin the end of the study on day 28 (P > 0.05). Increasing dietary Fe from commercial limestone and dicalcium phosphate led to a linear reduction in the percent ileal digestible Fe. However, linear increments in Fe retention, serum ferritin and liver Fe occurred when compared to feeds without Fe derived from limestone and phosphate dicalcium. It is concluded that Fe from limestone and dicalcium phosphate can be partially utilized by broiler chickens. It was estimated that the Fe retained from limestone and dicalcium phosphate is of 1.9%. Broilers fed corn-soy feeds (58.2 mg/kg Fe) do not require supplemental Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Feijo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000 Brazil
| | - S L Vieira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000 Brazil.
| | - D D B Maria
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000 Brazil
| | - R M Horn
- Independent Consultant, Rua General Osorio, Garibaldi, RS 95720-000, Brazil
| | - A Favero
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000 Brazil
| | - W E Altevogt
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000 Brazil
| | - B S Nicola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000 Brazil
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25
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Tarım B, Demirtaş ŞE, Bozkurt M, Üstündağ AÖ, Eray O, Ahlat O, Bayır HÖ, Akşit H, Kamanlı S, Özkan S, Yalçın S, Tüzün AE. Feed form and perch design do not interact to production performance, gastrointestinal tract traits, behaviour and welfare of laying hens reared in enriched cages. Br Poult Sci 2024; 65:165-178. [PMID: 38372652 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2308278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
1. It was hypothesised that perch material and design may affect utility and maintenance energy demand in laying hens, affecting their feed form preferences and daily feed consumption. Accordingly, perch design and feed form on hen performance, gastrointestinal tract functions and some behavioural and welfare-related traits were studied in laying hens (ATAK-S) reared in enriched colony cages from 24 to 40 weeks of age.2. The experiment was a 2 × 2 factorial investigating two perch materials and design (circular steel or mushroom-shaped plastic) and feed form (mash or crumble). A total of 396 hens were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment groups with nine replicates each (11 birds per replicate).3. Except for feeding behaviour and prevalence of foot pad dermatitis at 40 weeks of age, the modification of the perch design did not have a significant effect on the traits examined. Mushroom-shaped plastic perches reduced feeding behaviour (p < 0.01) and the incidence of foot pad dermatitis at 40 weeks of age (p < 0.001).4. Performance traits were not affected by feed form. Intake, final body weight and FCR for crumble-fed laying hens were greater than those fed mash (p < 0.01).5. Hens fed mash had higher (p < 0.01) relative gizzard weights along with lower (p < 0.05) pH values, pancreatic chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase activities (p < 0.05), and duodenal absorption surface areas (p < 0.01). Ultimately, this gave higher protein digestibility (p < 0.05) compared to those receiving crumble.6. In conclusion, in enriched cage rearing systems, mashed feed was preferred over crumble to efficiently maintain productive performance. Compared to circular steel, plastic mushroom-shaped perches were associated with better footpad health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tarım
- Department of Breeding, Poultry Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ş E Demirtaş
- Department of Breeding, Poultry Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Bozkurt
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - A Ö Üstündağ
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - O Eray
- Department of Breeding, Poultry Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - O Ahlat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Ö Bayır
- Department of Breeding, Poultry Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Akşit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - S Kamanlı
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - S Özkan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - S Yalçın
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - A E Tüzün
- Koçarlı Vocational School, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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26
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Duport-Bru AS, Abdala V. Prey capture kinematics of horned frogs (Anura: Ceratophryidae). J Morphol 2024; 285:e21689. [PMID: 38549281 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Horned frogs, members of the Ceratophryidae family, encompass a group of anurans varying in size and behavior, yet unified by morphological and behavioral traits enabling them to adopt a megalophagous diet (i.e., large prey feeding). Although the group has been the focus of numerous studies, our understanding of its feeding behavior remains limited. In this study, we characterize the feeding mechanism in five species representing the three extant genera of ceratophryid anurans, both in terrestrial and aquatic environments. We also explore the ability of Chacophrys pierottii to adjust feeding behavior based on prey type. Our findings show that all species are capable of wide mouth opening, displaying an asymmetric feeding cycle. While tongue usage is the primary method for capturing prey on land, ceratophryids may use their forelimbs to manipulate prey into their mouths, exhibiting different behavioral patterns. C. pierottii shows modulation of its feeding kinematics and is also capable of some modulation of its feeding in response to prey properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofía Duport-Bru
- Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical, CONICET-UNT, Yerba Buena, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Virginia Abdala
- Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical, CONICET-UNT, Yerba Buena, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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27
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Turner A, Huth K, Luff D, Zendejas B, Newman LR, Leichtner AM. Lack of standardization and faculty development in pediatric colonoscopy: A qualitative study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:948-956. [PMID: 38591669 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
A standard curriculum for pediatric colonoscopy training has neither been required nor universally implemented in North American fellowship programs. This qualitative study assessed the needs of colonoscopy training in pediatric gastroenterology to determine the standardized components of procedural teaching. Focus groups with pediatric gastroenterology attendings, fellows, procedural nurses, and interviews with advanced endoscopists, all practicing at a single institution, were conducted between March and June 2018. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis principles. Four themes emerged: (1) lack of standardization of colonoscopy performance, (2) lack of professional development of procedure teaching skills, (3) need for teaching behaviors that promote learner's performance, and (4) barriers to effective teaching and learning. A conceptual framework was created for developing a standardized "train-the-trainer" curriculum. Our needs assessment supports expansion of efforts to make this comprehensive training available to all pediatric gastroenterologists involved in procedure teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Turner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen Huth
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donna Luff
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital Simulator Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin Zendejas
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lori R Newman
- Department of Education, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan M Leichtner
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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28
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Thennakoon TMID, Udagedara UGDMB, Atapattu NSBM, Senaratne D. Effects of Salvinia as a broiler litter material on growth performance, behavior, welfare parameters, litter characters, and ammonia emission. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103542. [PMID: 38417331 PMCID: PMC10909906 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The type of litter material has direct impacts on production, behavioral, and welfare parameters of broilers. The price of conventionally-used litter materials is increasing. Salvinia molesta is a fast-growing aquatic plant which has become an environmental issue in some areas. This study assessed the suitability of air-dried Salvinia plants (SAL) as an alternate litter material to paddy husk (PH). Resulting in a completely randomized experiment, a total of 240 broilers was raised in 12 floor-pens each provided with either PH or SAL as litter materials, from 11 to 36 d. Scan sampling technique was employed to record the birds' engagement in 15 predetermined behaviors. Foot pad dermatitis (FPD), hock burn damage (HBD) and plumage cleanliness (PC) were assessed using Welfare Quality Scoring System. Litter samples were analyzed for pH, dry matter%, water holding capacity, porosity, N%, tapped-density and ammonia emission rate. The litter material had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on mortality, growth performance parameters, dressing % and visceral organ weight. The scores for FPD and PC were unaffected by the litter materials. SAL litter reported significantly lower (P < 0.05) HBD scores. The percentages of birds engaged in eating and wing flapping behaviors were significantly lower on SAL. Litter type had no significant influence on the color, aroma, flavor, texture and overall acceptability of breast meat. Air-dried Salvinia plants reported acidic pH. SAL litter gave a significantly higher tapped-density. Ammonia emission rate of SAL litter was significantly lower than that of PH. However, the final litter N content was higher for PH (3.7%) than SAL (3.2%). The study proposes air-dried Salvinia plants as a litter material for broilers since it gives growth performance comparable to PH with reduced hock burn damage incidences. Effects of SAL on behavior and the fertilizer value of the spent litter are to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M I D Thennakoon
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka
| | - U G D M B Udagedara
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka
| | - N S B M Atapattu
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka.
| | - D Senaratne
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Mapalana, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka
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Koehle MS. Physiological impacts of atmospheric pollution: Effects of environmental air pollution on exercise. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16005. [PMID: 38605426 PMCID: PMC11009369 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss some of the recent advances in our understanding of the physiology of the air pollution and exercise. The key areas covered include the effect of exercise intensity, the effects of pre-exposure to air pollution, acclimation to air pollution, and the utility of masks during exercise. Although higher intensity exercise leads to an increase in the inhaled dose of pollutants for a given distance traveled, the acute effects of (diesel exhaust) air pollution do not appear to be more pronounced. Second, exposure to air pollution outside of exercise bouts seems to have an effect on exercise response, although little research has examined this relationship. Third, humans appear to have an ability to acclimate to ground level ozone, but not other pollutants. And finally, masks may have beneficial effects on certain outcomes at low intensity exercise in pollution with significant levels of particles, but more study is required in realistic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stephen Koehle
- School of KinesiologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Division of Sport & Exercise MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Canadian Sport Institute – PacificVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Athletics CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
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O'Leary TJ, Gifford RM, Knight RL, Wright J, Handford S, Venables MC, Reynolds RM, Woods D, Wardle SL, Greeves JP. Sex differences in energy balance, body composition, and metabolic and endocrine markers during prolonged arduous military training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:938-948. [PMID: 38385180 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00864.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated sex differences in energy balance, body composition, and metabolic and endocrine markers during prolonged military training. Twenty-three trainees (14 women) completed 44-wk military training (three terms of 14 wk with 2-wk adventurous training). Dietary intake and total energy expenditure were measured over 10 days during each term by weighed food and doubly labeled water. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and at the end of each term. Circulating metabolic and endocrine markers were measured at baseline and at the end of terms 2 and 3. Absolute energy intake and total energy expenditure were higher, and energy balance was lower, for men than women (P ≤ 0.008). Absolute energy intake and balance were lower, and total energy expenditure was higher, during term 2 than terms 1 and 3 (P < 0.001). Lean mass did not change with training (P = 0.081). Fat mass and body fat increased from term 1 to terms 2 and 3 (P ≤ 0.045). Leptin increased from baseline to terms 2 and 3 in women (P ≤ 0.002) but not in men (P ≥ 0.251). Testosterone and free androgen index increased from baseline to term 3 (P ≤ 0.018). Free thyroxine (T4) decreased and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) increased from baseline to term 2 and term 3 (P ≤ 0.031). Cortisol decreased from baseline to term 3 (P = 0.030). IGF-I and total triiodothyronine (T3) did not change with training (P ≥ 0.148). Men experienced greater energy deficits than women during military training due to higher total energy expenditure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Energy deficits are common in military training and can result in endocrine and metabolic disturbances. This study provides first investigation of sex differences in energy balance, body composition, and endocrine and metabolic markers in response to prolonged and arduous military training. Men experienced greater energy deficits than women due to higher energy expenditure, which was not compensated for by increased energy intake. These energy deficits were not associated with decreases in fat or lean mass or metabolic or endocrine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J O'Leary
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters, Andover, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M Gifford
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Knight
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters, Andover, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Wright
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters, Andover, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Handford
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters, Andover, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle C Venables
- Medical Research Council, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Woods
- Research and Clinical Innovation, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Northumbria and Newcastle NHS Trusts, Wansbeck General and Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie L Wardle
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters, Andover, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie P Greeves
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters, Andover, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Salehifar E, Sobhanirad S. The Effect of Borage ( Borago officinalis) Extract on Growth Performance and Immune System of Broilers at High-Density Conditions. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2024; 27:201-209. [PMID: 34979832 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2021.2021653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of borage extract (BE) on growth performance and the immune system of broilers at high-stocking-density. A total of 330 male Ross 308 broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with six experimental treatments each with three replications. Treatments were T1: 10 broilers/m2 (positive control group), T2: 20 broilers/m2 (negative control group), T3: 20 broilers/m2 + 150 mg/l of borage extract (BE), T4: 20 broilers/m2 + 300 mg/l of BE, T5: 20 broilers/m2 + 450 mg/l of BE, and T6: 20 broilers/m2 + 600 mg/l of BE. Weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured weekly and immune responce were examined twice. The use of BE could improve weight gain, feed intake, and FCR in broilers reared at a high-stocking-density. BE treatment improved the immune response of broilers. According to the results, the use of BE at 600 mg/l is useful in reducing the effects of density stress. Therefore, BE can be used as a nutritional strategy to improve the bird performance in stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Salehifar
- Department of Agricultural Science, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeid Sobhanirad
- Department of Agricultural Science, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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Sorensen D, Cristancho S, Soh M, Varpio L. Team Stress and Its Impact on Interprofessional Teams: A Narrative Review. Teach Learn Med 2024; 36:163-173. [PMID: 36625564 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2022.2163400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phenomenon: Interprofessional healthcare team (IHT) collaboration can produce powerful clinical benefits for patients; however, these benefits are difficult to harness when IHTs work in stressful contexts. Research about stress in healthcare typically examines stress as an individual psychological phenomenon, but stress is not only a person-centered experience. Team stress also affects the team's performance. Unfortunately, research into team stress is limited and scattered across many disciplines. We cannot prepare future healthcare professionals to work as part of IHTs in high-stress environments (e.g., emergency medicine, disaster response) unless we review how this dispersed literature is relevant to medical education. Approach: The authors conducted a narrative review of the literature on team stress experienced by interprofessional teams. The team searched five databases between 1 Jan 1990 and 16 August 2021 using the search terms: teams AND stress AND performance. Guided by four research questions, the authors reviewed and abstracted data from the 22 relevant manuscripts. Findings: Challenging problems, time pressure, life threats, environmental distractors, and communication issues are the stressors that the literature reports that teams faced. Teams reacted to team stress with engagement/cohesion and communication/coordination. Stressors impact team stress by either hindering or improving team performance. Critical thinking/decision-making, team behaviors, and time for task completion were the areas of performance affected by team stress. High-quality communication, non-technical skills training, and shared mental models were identified as performance safeguards for teams experiencing team stress. Insights: The review findings adjust current models explaining drivers of efficient and effective teams within the context of interprofessional teams. By understanding how team stress impacts teams, we can better prepare healthcare professionals to work in IHTs to meet the demands placed on them by the ever-increasing rate of high-stress medical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Sorensen
- Center for Health Professions Education & Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sayra Cristancho
- Department of Surgery and Faculty Education, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Soh
- Center for Health Professions Education & Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lara Varpio
- Center for Health Professions Education & Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Entezarizarch E, Zakerian SA, Madreseh E, Abbasinia M, Abdi H. Comparative analysis of mental workload and performance between young and elderly drivers: Implications for road safety and age-related driving challenges. Work 2024:WOR230473. [PMID: 38578916 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Driving represents a multifaceted cognitive endeavor, demanding heightened vigilance and swift responses. Considering the high statistics of driving accidents and heavy loads, as well as the effect of the driver's age on the occurrence of accidents, it is important to investigate these factors to reduce accidents. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the impact of mental workload on the performance of young and older drivers in a dynamic driving scenario to compare cognitive performance, workload perception, and driving outcomes between the two age groups. METHODS Cognitive tests including the Stroop test, Continuous Performance test, and Focused Attention test were conducted, alongside the use of the DALI questionnaire to measure workload levels. Participants encompassed twenty male drivers, divided into two age groups: 20 to 35 years and 55 to 70 years, with varying years of driving experience. The study entailed a dynamic driving scenario involving a designated route in Tehran, Iran. RESULTS Results exhibited differences in workload scores between the age groups, particularly in dimensions such as visual demand, auditory demand, attention, and interference. Older drivers demonstrated heightened cognitive and physical demands during driving, implying a greater need for attention and cognitive effort. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicated that navigating through congested roads and dense urban traffic significantly elevates the mental workload for drivers, consequently impacting their cognitive functioning. Given the critical need for attention in driving, this heightened workload can manifest as increased fatigue, increasing stress levels, and diminished concentration, all of which substantially raise the risk of vehicular accidents. Furthermore, the study highlighted a particular concern for older drivers, whose diminished cognitive capacities further raise their vulnerability to accidents under such demanding driving conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Entezarizarch
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abolfazl Zakerian
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Madreseh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Abbasinia
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Abdi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Vieitez L, Padrón I, Fraga I. When unpleasantness meets feminines: a behavioural study on gender agreement and emotionality. Cogn Emot 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38554263 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2334834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The emotional connotation of words is known to affect word and sentence processing. However, the when and how of the interaction between emotion and grammar are still up for debate. In this behavioural experiment, 35 female university students read noun phrases (NPs) composed by a determiner and a noun in their L1 (Spanish), and were asked to indicate if the NPs were grammatically correct (elmasc camareromasc) or not (*lafem tornillomasc; i.e. a gender agreement task). The type of gender (arbitrary/natural), the emotionality (unpleasant/neutral), and the gender class (feminine/masculine) of the nouns were manipulated. We found an overall grammaticality effect, responses being faster in grammatically correct trials than in incorrect ones. However, the effects of emotionality and gender class varied depending on gender type. For arbitrary gender, the grammaticality effect was greater in feminine nouns than in masculine nouns and independent of emotionality. For natural gender, the grammaticality effect interacted with gender class and emotionality, this effect only emerging in unpleasant stimuli for feminine nouns. Our results reveal that it is possible to find emotional effects at the behavioural level in an intrinsically grammatical task. Yet, these effects depend on gender properties like the type of gender and the gender class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Vieitez
- Cognitive Processes & Behaviour Research Group, Department of Social Psychology, Basic Psychology, and Methodology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Isabel Padrón
- Cognitive Processes & Behaviour Research Group, Department of Social Psychology, Basic Psychology, and Methodology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Isabel Fraga
- Cognitive Processes & Behaviour Research Group, Department of Social Psychology, Basic Psychology, and Methodology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Gavel EH, Hawke KV, Logan-Sprenger HM. The Effect of Menthol Mouth Rinsing and Fluid Temperature on Male Cycling Performance in Thermoneutral Conditions. Nutrients 2024; 16:1016. [PMID: 38613049 PMCID: PMC11013829 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a menthol (MEN) mouth rinse (MR) on cycling time trial (TT) performance in thermoneutral conditions and to explore the impact of fluid temperature (cold water [CW] or thermoneutral water [TNW]) on MEN's effect on performance. METHODS Twelve trained male cyclists (VO2 peak, 61.4 ± 12.1 mL/kg/min) completed a cycling TT in thermoneutral conditions (21 ± 0.2 °C, 40 ± 0.6% relative humidity) with four different mouth rinses: (1) MEN + CW; (2) MEN + TNW; (3) CW; and (4) TNW. The time to complete the TT and the power output (W) were recorded. The ratings of perceived exertion (RPE, Borg 6-20), thermal sensation (TS), and thermal comfort (TC) were recorded prior to and throughout the TT. The core body temperature (Tc) and heart rate (HR) were recorded throughout. RESULTS The TT duration was not significantly different between trials (MEN + TNW: 38:11 ± 12:48, MEN + CW: 37:21 ± 13:00, CW: 38:12 ± 13:54, TNW: 36:06 ± 14:12 mins:secs, p < 0.05). The mean trial power output did not significantly differ between conditions (>0.05). The Tc, HR, RPE, TS, and TC were not significantly different between trials (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggest that a MEN MR with either CW or TNW does not significantly improve cycling TT performance in trained male cyclists compared to a CW or TNW MR in thermoneutral conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica H. Gavel
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada;
- Departments of Family Medicine and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Tanenbaum Institute for Science in Sport, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Kierstyn V. Hawke
- Faculty of Health Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada;
| | - Heather M. Logan-Sprenger
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada;
- Faculty of Health Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada;
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DeJong Lempke AF, Szymanski MR, Willwerth SB, Brewer GJ, Whitney KE, Meehan WP, Casa DJ. Relationship Between Running Biomechanics and Core Temperature Across a Competitive Road Race. Sports Health 2024:19417381241236877. [PMID: 38533730 DOI: 10.1177/19417381241236877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outdoor races introduce environmental stressors to runners, and core temperature changes may influence runners' movement patterns. This study assessed changes and determined relationships between sensor-derived running biomechanics and core temperature among runners across an 11.27-km road race. HYPOTHESIS Core temperatures would increase significantly across the race, related to changes in spatiotemporal biomechanical measures. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS Twenty runners (9 female, 11 male; age, 48 ± 12 years; height, 169.7 ± 9.1 cm; mass, 71.3 ± 13.4 kg) enrolled in the 2022 Falmouth Road Race were recruited. Participants used lightweight technologies (ingestible thermistors and wearable sensors) to monitor core temperature and running biomechanics throughout the race. Timestamps were used to align sensor-derived measures for 7 race segments. Observations were labeled as core temperatures generally within normal limits (<38°C) or at elevated core temperatures (≥38°C). Multivariate repeated measures analyses of variance were used to assess changes in sensor-derived measures across the race, with Bonferroni post hoc comparisons for significant findings. Pearson's r correlations were used to assess the relationship between running biomechanics and core temperature measures. RESULTS Eighteen participants developed hyperthermic core temperatures (39.0°C ± 0.5°C); core temperatures increased significantly across the race (P < 0.01). Kinetic measures obtained from the accelerometers, including shock, impact, and braking g, all significantly increased across the race (P < 0.01); other sensor-derived biomechanical measures did not change significantly. Core temperatures were weakly associated with biomechanics (|r range|, 0.02-0.16). CONCLUSION Core temperatures and kinetics increased significantly across a race, yet these outcomes were not strongly correlated. The observed kinetic changes may have been attributed to fatigue-related influences over the race. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinicians may not expect changes in biomechanical movement patterns to signal thermal responses during outdoor running in a singular event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F DeJong Lempke
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - Sarah B Willwerth
- The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Gabrielle J Brewer
- Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Kristin E Whitney
- Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, Massachusetts
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William P Meehan
- Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, Massachusetts
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas J Casa
- Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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Al-Khateeb GG, Sukkari A, Ezzat H, Nasr E, Zeiada W. Rheology of Crumb Rubber-Modified Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA). Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:906. [PMID: 38611164 PMCID: PMC11013656 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the impact of adding waste vehicular crumb rubber to the commercially available warm mix additives Sasobit® and Zycotherm® on modified asphalt binders' physical and rheological properties. Various concentrations of crumb rubber (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) were introduced to asphalt binder samples with 2% and 4% Sasobit and 1.5% and 3% Zycotherm. The investigation employed conventional tests (penetration and softening point) and advanced mechanical characterization tests, including Superpave rotational viscosity (RV), Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), DSR multi-stress creep recovery (MSCR), DSR linear amplitude sweep (LAS), and Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR). Traditional tests measured the asphalt consistency, while workability was assessed through the RV test. The results showed that the Zycotherm binders experienced a more significant penetration reduction than the Sasobit binders. Additionally, an increased crumb rubber content consistently elevated the softening point and rotational viscosity, enhancing the complex shear modulus (G*) values. Rubberized binders exhibited an improved rutting performance and low-temperature PG grades. Increasing the crumb rubber content enhanced fatigue life, with Z1.5CR20 and S2CR20 demonstrating the longest fatigue lives among the Zycotherm and Sasobit binders, respectively. Overall, Z1.5CR20 is recommended for colder climates, while S2CR20 is suitable for hot-climate applications based on extensive analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi G. Al-Khateeb
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.S.); (E.N.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Alaa Sukkari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.S.); (E.N.); (W.Z.)
| | - Helal Ezzat
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Delta Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Mansoura 35681, Egypt
| | - Eyad Nasr
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.S.); (E.N.); (W.Z.)
| | - Waleed Zeiada
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.S.); (E.N.); (W.Z.)
- Public Works Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Xu Y, Lou J, Qian Y, Jin P, Qian Y, Hong J, Xu Y, Yin Y, Yi S, Dong M. Performance of noninvasive prenatal screening for fetal sex chromosome aneuploidies in a cohort of 116,862 pregnancies. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38526221 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2333951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) has shown good performance in screening common aneuploidies. However, its performance in detecting fetal sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) needs to be evaluated in a large cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this retrospective observation, a total of 116,862 women underwent NIPS based on DNA nanoball sequencing from 2015 to 2022. SCAs were diagnosed based on karyotyping or chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Among them, 2,084 singleton pregnancies received karyotyping and/or CMA. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of NIPS for fetal SCAs were evaluated. RESULTS The sensitivity was 97.7% (95%CI, 87.7-99.9), 87.3% (95% CI, 76.5-94.4), 96.1% (95%CI, 86.5-99.5), and 95.7% (95% CI, 78.1-99.9), the PPV was 25.8% (95%CI, 19.2-33.2), 80.9% (95%CI, 69.5-89.4), 79.0% (95%CI, 66.8-88.3), and 53.7% (95%CI, 37.4-69.3) for 45,X, 47,XXY, 47,XXX, and 47,XYY, respectively. The specificity was 94.1% (95%CI, 93.0-95.1) for 45,X, and more than 99.0% for sex chromosome trisomy (SCT). The NPV was over 99.0% for all. CONCLUSIONS NIPS screening for fetal SCAs has high sensitivity, specificity and NPV. The PPV of SCAs was moderate, but that of 45,X was lower than that of SCTs. Invasive prenatal diagnosis should be recommended for high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Xu
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Lou
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaoxing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yeqing Qian
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengzhen Jin
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangwen Qian
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Hong
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Yin
- Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songjia Yi
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minyue Dong
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Cabarkapa DV, Cabarkapa D, Fry AC. Starters vs. non-starters differences in vertical jump force-time metrics in female professional volleyball players. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1389001. [PMID: 38590296 PMCID: PMC10999608 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1389001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of the fundamental volleyball skills, countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) has been commonly implemented in the applied sports setting as a non-invasive and time-efficient assessment of athletes' lower-body neuromuscular function. The purpose of the present study was to examine the differences in CMJ characteristics between starters and non-starters within a cohort of professional female volleyball players. Nineteen athletes competing in one of the top European leagues (i.e., SuperLeague) volunteered to participate in the present investigation. Following the completion of a warm-up protocol, each athlete performed three maximal-effort CMJs with no arm swing while standing on a uni-axial force plate system sampling at 1,000 Hz. The following force-time metrics were used for performance analysis purposes: braking phase duration and impulse, eccentric and concentric duration, mean and peak force and power, contraction time, jump height, and reactive strength index-modified. Mann-Whitney U and independent t-tests revealed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) during both eccentric and concentric phases of CMJ between the players included in the starting lineup (n = 9) and their substitutions (n = 10), with the effect sizes being small to moderate in magnitude (g = 0.053-0.683). While further research is warranted on this topic, these results suggest that securing a position in a starting lineup at the professional level of volleyball play may be more contingent on the player's ability to proficiently execute sport-specific skills (e.g., blocking, attacking), rather than the performance on the CMJ assessment, considering that the observed values for both groups fall within the desired ranges for this specific population of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damjana V. Cabarkapa
- Jayhawk Athletic Performance Laboratory—Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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Fellahi ZEA, Boubellouta T, Hannachi A, Belguet H, Louahdi N, Benmahammed A, Utkina AO, Rebouh NY. Exploitation of the Genetic Variability of Diverse Metric Traits of Durum Wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum Desf.) Cultivars for Local Adaptation to Semi-Arid Regions of Algeria. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:934. [PMID: 38611465 PMCID: PMC11013882 DOI: 10.3390/plants13070934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses pose significant challenges to wheat farming, yet exploiting the genetic variability within germplasm collections offers an opportunity to effectively address these challenges. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity of key agronomic traits among twenty durum wheat cultivars, with the intention to pinpoint those better suited to semi-arid conditions. Field trials were conducted at the ITGC-FDPS Institute, Setif, Algeria, during the winter season of 2021/22. A completely randomized design was used with three replicates. Statistical analyses revealed significant variation among the genotypes for most of the studied traits, with some cultivars exhibiting a superior performance in a stressful environment. Notably, traits like the number of grains per spike (NGS) and the grain yield (GY) displayed high genotypic coefficients of variation (CVg). Except for membrane thermostability (MT) and biological yield (BY), the majority of the assessed traits exhibited moderate-to-high heritability estimates. Genotypic and phenotypic correlation studies have confirmed the importance of many yield-related traits in the expression of GY. The harvest index (HI) underscored the highest genotypic direct effect on GY, followed closely by spike number (SN), serving as consistent pathways through which most of the measured traits indirectly influenced GY. The cluster analysis categorized the durum wheat cultivars into seven distinct clusters. The largest inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters G3 and G4 (D2 = 6145.86), reflecting maximum dissimilarity between the individuals of these clusters. Hybridizing divergent clusters may benefit future breeding programs aiming to develop potential durum wheat varieties through cross combinations. This study's findings contribute to sustainable agriculture efforts by facilitating the selection of genotypes with enhanced resilience and productivity, particularly for cultivation in challenging semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zine El Abidine Fellahi
- Department of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Natural, Life and Earth Sciences and the Universe, University of Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi, Bordj Bou Arreridj 34030, Algeria
- Valorization of Natural Biological Resources Laboratory (VNBR), University of Ferhat Abbas Setif-1, Setif 19000, Algeria;
| | - Tahar Boubellouta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural, Life, Earth and Universe Sciences, University Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi, Bordj Bou Arreridj 34030, Algeria;
- Characterization and Valorization of Natural Resources Laboratory (CVNRN), University Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi, Bordj Bou Arreridj 34030, Algeria
| | - Abderrahmane Hannachi
- National Agronomic Research Institute of Algeria (INRAA), Setif Research Unit, Setif 19000, Algeria
| | - Haroun Belguet
- Experimental Farm, Field Crop Institute (ITGC), Farm Road-BP03, Setif 19000, Algeria; (H.B.); (N.L.)
| | - Nasreddine Louahdi
- Experimental Farm, Field Crop Institute (ITGC), Farm Road-BP03, Setif 19000, Algeria; (H.B.); (N.L.)
| | - Amar Benmahammed
- Valorization of Natural Biological Resources Laboratory (VNBR), University of Ferhat Abbas Setif-1, Setif 19000, Algeria;
- Department of Ecology and Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Science, University of Ferhat Abbas Setif-1, Setif 19000, Algeria
| | - Aleksandra O. Utkina
- Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nazih Y. Rebouh
- Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia;
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Wang Y, Guo S, Pei Z, Zhan S, Lin S, Ma K, Lei J, Yi J. Study of the Properties and Modification Mechanism of SBS-Modified Asphalt by Dry Process. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1454. [PMID: 38611970 PMCID: PMC11012519 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer) is a thermoplastic elastomer with properties most similar to rubber. SBS asphalt modifier is mainly composed of a styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer with a certain amount of additives and stabilizers. SBS-modified asphalt binder has always been the most commonly used pavement material both domestically and internationally. However, conventional wet-process SBS-modified asphalt binder requires manufacturers to produce it in advance and transport it to a mixing plant for blending. This has provided an opportunity for unscrupulous businesses to reduce the amount of SBS by adding other substances, allowing inferior asphalt binder to pass inspections undetected. At the same time, conventional wet-process SBS-modified asphalt tends to undergo phase separation and experience a decline in performance as the storage time increases. However, dry-process SBS-modified asphalt can be directly added at the mixing plant, effectively addressing the issues associated with conventional wet-process SBS-modified asphalt. It also helps to reduce environmental pollution to a certain extent. This study investigates the extraction process of dry-process SBS-modified asphalt binder. It clarifies the performance and modification mechanisms of two types of dry-process SBS-modified asphalt binder at different dosages through various testing methods, including basic indicators, rheological properties, infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. The results indicate that due to the incorporation of oil, crosslinker, solubilizer, and other substances into dry-process SBS modifier, there is a small amount of chemical reaction with asphalt in the melting process. The high- and low-temperature properties and fatigue properties of the two dry-process SBS-modified asphalt binders at a 7% dosage are close to wet SBS-modified asphalt binder at a 5% dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China; (Y.W.); (K.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Shaohua Guo
- Liaoning Provincial Transportation Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd., No. 42, Lidao Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110166, China; (S.G.); (S.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Zhongshi Pei
- School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China; (Y.W.); (K.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Shizuo Zhan
- Liaoning Provincial Transportation Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd., No. 42, Lidao Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110166, China; (S.G.); (S.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Senlin Lin
- Liaoning Provincial Transportation Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd., No. 42, Lidao Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110166, China; (S.G.); (S.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Kezheng Ma
- School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China; (Y.W.); (K.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Junwen Lei
- School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China; (Y.W.); (K.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Junyan Yi
- School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China; (Y.W.); (K.M.); (J.L.)
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Rocha JVDS, de Almeida RF, de Lima Cordeiro BN, Cardoso Sarcinelli CH, Zimerer C, Arêas FZ. Effects of bi-hemispheric anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on soccer player performance: a triple-blinded, controlled, and randomized study. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1350660. [PMID: 38584685 PMCID: PMC10995377 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1350660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The search for increased performance and physical performance are linked to the use of ergogenic resources. The vertical jump is one of the measures commonly used to evaluate the performance of lower limbs in athletes. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive, safe, economically viable technique that can modulate cortical excitability, which can influence the increase in the performance of athletes in general. This study aimed to investigate whether the use of tDCS on the primary motor cortex (M1) improves the performance of soccer players. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Twenty-seven players were randomized into three groups: Active tDCS group (n = 9), Sham group (n = 9), and control group (n = 9). Stimulation was applied at 2 mA for 15 min using a cephalic mount. Visual Pain Scale (VAS) and Subjective Recovery Scale (SRS) were monitored before and after tDCS. In addition, the participants performed the Countermovement Jump (CMJ) before and after the stimulation intercalated with Heart Rate (HR) and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE CR-10). No differences were found in any of the performance variables analyzed (p > 0.05) nor in the responses of HR (p > 0.05), RPE (p > 0.05), VAS (p > 0.05), and SRS (p > 0.05) between groups. The tDCS in M1 did not change the performance of the vertical jump, and there was no improvement in the subjective scales. New studies should also be developed with different stimulus intensities in different cortical areas and sports modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jader Vinicius Da Silva Rocha
- Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Bárbara Naeme de Lima Cordeiro
- Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Zimerer
- Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Fernando Zanela Arêas
- Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
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Shon S, Kang M. Nursing experiences and knowledge of paediatric delirium: Analysing knowledge-practice gaps. Nurs Crit Care 2024. [PMID: 38516768 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium commonly occurs in paediatric patients with acute critical illness and negatively affects clinical outcomes. Variations in delirium knowledge levels and its management have been noted among nurses. AIMS This study investigated nurses' experiences and knowledge levels regarding paediatric delirium. Additionally, we aimed to assess the gap between knowledge levels and practical experiences with paediatric delirium. STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional descriptive study conveniently sampled paediatric nurses from a university hospital in South Korea between September 2022 and March 2023. Nursing experiences with paediatric delirium and delirium knowledge levels were measured using structured survey questionnaires. Delirium knowledge was scored 0 to 47, and higher scores indicated higher levels of delirium-related knowledge. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and presented as mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage. RESULTS A total of 127 paediatric nurses participated in this study; 40.2% had experience with 1-5 delirium cases in the previous year, and 86.6% (n = 110) had never used assessment tools for paediatric delirium assessment. The mean total delirium knowledge score was 34.45 ± 5.4; the mean scores of knowledge regarding aetiology, signs and symptoms and nursing management of delirium were 8.93 ± 1.31, 13.24 ± 2.81 and 12.3 ± 2.7, respectively. Interventions associated with a lower level of delirium-related knowledge and a lower performance rate included avoiding restraint use and maintaining hydration and electrolyte levels. Interventions associated with a higher level of delirium-related knowledge but a lower rate of performance comprised providing orientation, offering emotional support, allowing participants to stay with family members and administering medications to manage delirium. CONCLUSIONS Although nurses working in paediatric units exhibited high rate of delirium nursing care, there was the gap between their delirium-related knowledge and practice. Nurses need to be aware of the insufficient part of delirium care, and paediatric delirium education should be reinforced. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Preventing, assessing and systematically managing paediatric delirium is crucial, and considering the study results, delirium education among nurses is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonyoung Shon
- College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Kang
- College of Nursing, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Gnant M, Abdullah KL, Boyle F, Huang CS, Bickford K, Neunie S, Noble A, Nunn A, Sproat C, Harbeck N, Barrios C. Assessing Knowledge, Competence, and Performance Following Web-Based Education on Early Breast Cancer Management: Health Care Professional Questionnaire Study and Anonymized Patient Records Analysis. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e50931. [PMID: 38512328 PMCID: PMC10995792 DOI: 10.2196/50931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Web-based learning activities are key components of continuing medical education (CME) for health care professionals (HCPs). However, the published outcomes of web-based educational interventions for early breast cancer (EBC) are limited. OBJECTIVE This study aims to objectively assess knowledge, competence, and performance among HCPs following participation in 2 EBC-focused CME activities and to identify the remaining educational gaps. METHODS We developed 2 CME-accredited web-based educational activities addressing high-risk EBC, including integration of shared decision-making to optimize patient care (touchMDT) and stratification for early identification of high-risk patients and novel treatment strategies (touchPANEL DISCUSSION). Knowledge, competence, and performance were assessed before and after the activities against an expanded outcomes framework (levels 1-5) using self-reported questionnaires and an analysis of anonymized data extracted from patient records. RESULTS Six months after the launch of the activity, 7047 and 8989 HCP participants engaged with touchMDT and touchPANEL DISCUSSION, respectively. The overall satisfaction was 82% (a total score of 20.6 out of 25) for the touchMDT and 88% (a total score of 21.9 out of 25) for the touchPANEL DISCUSSION. For the evaluation of knowledge and competence (50 respondents before the activity and 50 learners after the activity), there was a significant increase in the mean number of correctly answered questions from pre- to postactivity (touchMDT: median 4.0, IQR 3.0-5.0 to median 5.5, IQR 4.0-7.0; mean 4.00, SD 1.39 to mean 5.30, SD 1.56 and touchPANEL DISCUSSION: median 4.0, IQR 4.0-5.0 to median 6.0, IQR 5.0-7.0; mean 4.32, SD 1.30 to mean 5.88, SD 1.49; both P<.001). A significant improvement in self-reported performance (50 respondents before the activity and 50 learners after the activity) was observed in a combined analysis of both activities (median 3.0, IQR 2.0-3.0 to median 4.0, IQR 3.0-5.0; mean 2.82, SD 1.08 to mean 4.16, SD 1.45; P<.001). Patient record analysis (50 respondents before the activity and 50 learners after the activity) showed that the HCPs used a range of measures to determine EBC recurrence risk and revealed no significant differences in adjuvant therapies used before and after the activity (P=.97 and P>.99 for Ki-67 <20% and Ki-67 ≥20% tumors, respectively). The remaining educational gaps included strategies for implementing shared decision-making in clinical practice and the use of genetic and biomarker testing to guide treatment selection. CONCLUSIONS Brief, web-based CME activities on EBC were associated with an improvement in HCP knowledge, competence, and self-reported performance and can help identify unmet needs to inform the design of future CME activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gnant
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Khatijah Lim Abdullah
- Department of Nursing, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Frances Boyle
- Patricia Ritchie Centre for Cancer Care and Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chiun-Sheng Huang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Katie Bickford
- touch Independent Medical Education Limited, Stockport, United Kingdom
| | - Sola Neunie
- touch Independent Medical Education Limited, Stockport, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Noble
- touch Independent Medical Education Limited, Stockport, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Nunn
- touch Independent Medical Education Limited, Stockport, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Sproat
- touch Independent Medical Education Limited, Stockport, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich, University Hospital of Munich Ludwig Maximilian, Munich, Germany
| | - Carlos Barrios
- Latin American Cooperative Group and Oncoclínicas Group, Hospital São Lucas da Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Alnahedh T. Implementation of Digital Faculty Portfolio in Medical College Using an Intervention Mapping Approach. Adv Med Educ Pract 2024; 15:217-229. [PMID: 38528917 PMCID: PMC10962465 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s445140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Purpose The Digital faculty portfolio (DFP) is a well-established Teaching Portfolio, a tool that combines student evaluations with teaching materials, narrative reflections, and evidence of pedagogical effectiveness. The research aimed to test the DFP concept and determine whether faculty find it useful for integrating faculty activities, including teaching and extracurricular activities. Thus, the main aim is to identify key technical details that must be addressed before creating a larger DFP platform. Methods This research study adopted a six-step theory- and evidence-based approach of an Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol to assess the need for a DFP-like program at the College of Medicine, King Saud Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and the efficacy of the pilot DFP program. The study was done in three steps: 1) Evaluation of educational needs; 2) Design of the "DFP" program; and 3) Validation and refinement of the designed program. The college conducted the needs assessment using a validated survey with full-time faculty members. Eighty-two survey participants comprised the sample. We described to them the DFP implementation procedure, design, and advantages. Results The DFP is valuable to most users (60%) and has inherent benefits that boost professional competency (80%). Nearly 73% were willing to keep using and/or updating their DFP periodically. The created program was validated by sharing the findings with designated specialists in health professions education. Based on their comments, the program was further refined and ready for piloting. Conclusion To maximize the potential of the platform's success, its capabilities should be consistently enhanced in addition to resolving technical issues. This program has managed to effectively identify new avenues for working on enhancing methods for effective communication, coordination and enhance the scope of evaluation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed Alnahedh
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Saud Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAUHS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Brogaard L, Rosvig L, Hjorth-Hansen KR, Hvidman L, Hinshaw K, Kierkegaard O, Uldbjerg N, Manser T. Team performance during vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery: video review of obstetric multidisciplinary teams. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1330457. [PMID: 38572162 PMCID: PMC10987771 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1330457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vacuum extraction is generally considered an operator-dependent task, with most attention directed toward the obstetrician's technical abilities (1-3). Little is known about the effect of the team and non-technical skills on clinical outcomes in vacuum-assisted delivery. This study aimed to investigate whether the non-technical skills of obstetricians were correlated with their level of clinical performance via the analysis of video recordings of teams conducting actual vacuum extractions. Methods We installed between two or three video cameras in each delivery room at Aarhus University Hospital and Horsens Regional Hospital and obtained 60 videos of teams managing vacuum extraction. Appropriate consent was obtained. Two raters carefully reviewed the videos and assessed the teams' non-technical skills using the Assessment of Obstetric Team Performance (AOTP) checklist, rating all items on a Likert scale score from 1 to 5 (1 = poor; 3 = average; and 5 = excellent). This resulted in a total score ranging from 18 to 90. Two different raters independently assessed the teams' clinical performance (adherence to clinical guidelines) using the TeamOBS-Vacuum-Assisted Delivery (VAD) checklist, rating each item (0 = not done, 1 = done incorrectly; and 2 = done correctly). This resulted in a total score with the following ranges (low clinical performance: 0-59; average: 60-84; and high: 85-100). Interrater agreement was analyzed using intraclass correlation (ICC), and the risk of high or low clinical performance was analyzed on a logit scale to meet the assumption of normality. Results Teams that received excellent non-technical scores had an 81% probability of achieving high clinical performance, whereas this probability was only 12% among teams with average non-technical scores (p < 0.001). Teams with a high clinical performance often had excellent behavior in the non-technical items of "team interaction," "anticipation," "avoidance fixation," and "focused communication." Teams with a low or average clinical performance often neglected to consider analgesia, had delayed abandonment of the attempted vaginal delivery and insufficient use of appropriate fetal monitoring. Interrater reliability was high for both rater-teams, with an ICC for the non-technical skills of 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71-0.88) and 0.84 for the clinical performance (95% CI: 0.74-0.90). Conclusion Although assisted vaginal delivery by vacuum extraction is generally considered to be an operator-dependent task, our findings suggest that teamwork and effective team interaction play crucial roles in achieving high clinical performance. Teamwork helped the consultant anticipate the next step, avoid fixation, ensure adequate analgesia, and maintain thorough fetal monitoring during delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Brogaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L. Rosvig
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Randers Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | | | - L. Hvidman
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - K. Hinshaw
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - O. Kierkegaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Horsens Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark
| | - N. Uldbjerg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T. Manser
- FHNW School of Applied Psychology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Olten, Switzerland
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Maple E, Kebbell M. "DV Fatigue": Work Stress and Officers' Attitudes and Performance at Domestic and Family Violence Incidents. Violence Against Women 2024:10778012241239944. [PMID: 38506076 DOI: 10.1177/10778012241239944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
A self-report instrument was created to measure stress, attitudes, and performance of domestic and family violence (DFV) first responders in an Australian state. DFV-related stress negatively impacted officers' attitudes and self-assessed performance. Higher DFV stress was predicted by the frequency and severity of DFV incidents, and the absence of lived experience. Negative attitudes were predicted by a shorter length of service and lower severity, and poorer performance by a longer length of service and lower perceived social support. Males reported higher stress and poorer performance than females. The findings reveal systemic issues that inhibit effective police response, emphasizing the need to address negative attitudes and "DV fatigue."
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Maple
- Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Kebbell
- Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Noruzi H, Aziz-Aliabadi F, Imari ZK. Effects of different levels of pistachio (Pistachia vera) green hull aqueous extract on performance, intestinal morphology and antioxidant capacity in Eimeria challenged broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103667. [PMID: 38574462 PMCID: PMC11004999 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A total of 576-day-old Ross 308 broilers chicks (male) were used to evaluate the effect of various levels of pistachio green hull aqueous extract (PHE) and Eimeria challenge on the growth performance, intestinal health and antioxidant capacity. During infection period (25-42 d), treatments included: 1) control + unchallenged (negative control, NC), 2) 200 ppm PHE + unchallenged, 3) 300 ppm PHE + unchallenged, 4) 400 ppm PHE + unchallenged, 5) control + challenged (positive control, PC), 6) 200 ppm PHE + challenged, 7) 300 ppm PHE + challenged and 8) 400 ppm PHE + challenged (with 6 replications for each treatment). The outcomes revealed that in the challenged birds, average body weight gain (ABW), daily weight gain (DWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) linearly improved with increasing the PHE levels (P < 0.05). Infected broilers had lower daily feed intake (DFI) compared to unchallenged birds (P < 0.05). Villus height (VH), villus height to crypt depth (VH: CD) ratio and villus surface area (VSA) reduced linearly (P < 0.05), while muscle layer thickness (MT) increased linearly in challenged birds (P < 0.05). The consumption of the PHE significantly reduced the excreta oocytes and duodenum and jejunum lesion scores in Eimeria-challenged broilers (P < 0.05). By increasing the PHE levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels increased (P < 0.05), while the Eimeria challenge reduced TAC, SOD, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels (P <0.05). In general, the use of PHE in the broilers diet improved the antioxidant capacity, birds performance, but diminished the excreta oocytes and lesion scores with no negative effect on the intestinal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Noruzi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aziz-Aliabadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Zeyad Kamal Imari
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Schytz CT, Ørtenblad N, Gejl KD, Nielsen J. Differential utilisation of subcellular skeletal muscle glycogen pools: a comparative analysis between 1 and 15 min of maximal exercise. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38502562 DOI: 10.1113/jp285762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, glycogen particles are distributed both within and between myofibrils, as well as just beneath the sarcolemma. Their precise localisation may influence their degradation rate. Here, we investigated how exercise at different intensities and durations (1- and 15-min maximal exercise) with known variations in glycogenolytic rate and contribution from anaerobic metabolism affects utilisation of the distinct pools. Furthermore, we investigated how decreased glycogen availability achieved through lowering carbohydrate and energy intake after glycogen-depleting exercise affect the storage of glycogen particles (size, numerical density, localisation). Twenty participants were divided into two groups performing either a 1-min (n = 10) or a 15-min (n = 10) maximal cycling exercise test. In a randomised, counterbalanced, cross-over design, the exercise tests were performed following short-term consumption of two distinct diets with either high or moderate carbohydrate content (10 vs. 4 g kg-1 body mass (BM) day-1 ) mediating a difference in total energy consumption (240 vs. 138 g kg-1 BM day-1 ). Muscle biopsies from m. vastus lateralis were obtained before and after the exercise tests. Intermyofibrillar glycogen was preferentially utilised during the 1-min test, whereas intramyofibrillar glycogen was preferentially utilised during the 15-min test. Lowering carbohydrate and energy intake after glycogen-depleting exercise reduced glycogen availability by decreasing particle size across all pools and diminishing numerical density in the intramyofibrillar and subsarcolemmal pools. In conclusion, distinct subcellular glycogen pools were differentially utilised during 1-min and 15-min maximal cycling exercise. Additionally, lowered carbohydrate and energy consumption after glycogen-depleting exercise altered glycogen storage by reducing particle size and numerical density, depending on subcellular localisation. KEY POINTS: In human skeletal muscle, glycogen particles are localised in distinct subcellular compartments, referred to as intermyofibrillar, intramyofibrillar and subsarcolemmal pools. The intermyofibrillar and subsarcolemmal pools are close to mitochondria, while the intramyofibrillar pool is at a distance from mitochondria. We show that 1 min of maximal exercise is associated with a preferential utilisation of intermyofibrillar glycogen, and, on the other hand, that 15 min of maximal exercise is associated with a preferential utilisation of intramyofibrillar glycogen. Furthermore, we demonstrate that reduced glycogen availability achieved through lowering carbohydrate and energy intake after glycogen-depleting exercise is characterised by a decreased glycogen particle size across all compartments, with the numerical density only diminished in the intramyofibrillar and subsarcolemmal compartments. These results suggest that exercise intensity influences the subcellular pools of glycogen differently and that the dietary content of carbohydrates and energy is linked to the size and subcellular distribution of glycogen particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Tvede Schytz
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kasper Degn Gejl
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joachim Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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50
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Dos Santos DFC, Wanner SP, de Paula RF, Zanetti GO, de Oliveira DCX, Orsatti FL, Teixeira-Coelho F. Acute alcohol ingestion decreases the work done above the end-test power during a 3-min all-out cycling exercise. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agae017. [PMID: 38529709 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol ingestion influences metabolism during a subsequent exercise session, as evidenced by increased blood lactate concentration during fixed-intensity exercise. Therefore, augmented blood concentrations of alcohol may interfere with the anaerobic metabolism during high-intensity, short-duration exercise bout, thereby leading to impaired athletic performance. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether the acute ingestion of alcohol as ethanol modulates performance parameters derived from the power-duration relationship in a 3-min all-out cycling test that allows for identifying the power output related to heavy and severe exercise intensities. METHODS Twenty-four recreationally active cyclists (16 men and 8 women) ingested a beverage containing either 0.4 g ethanol.kg-1 body mass (EtOH) or a placebo (PLA) solution. Thirty minutes following ingestion, they completed a 3-min all-out test to measure power output and determine the end-test power (EP) and the work done above EP (WEP). RESULTS Alcohol ingestion decreased WEP by 16% (EtOH: 5.6 ± 2.5 kJ vs. PLA: 6.7 ± 2.4 kJ; P = .003) but did not change EP (EtOH: 211 ± 44 W vs. PLA: 212 ± 44 W; P = .671). The alcohol-mediated effect in WEP was not influenced when controlling for participants' sex or accuracy in identifying the beverage ingested. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that alcohol ingestion impaired the anaerobic work capacity, as evidenced by the reduction in WEP during the 3-min all-out test. Moreover, the ability to exercise at an intensity above the heavy domain may be decreased after ingestion of a moderate alcohol dose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Penna Wanner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Ferreira de Paula
- Department of Sport Sciences, Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, 38025-440, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Oliveira Zanetti
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Lera Orsatti
- Department of Sport Sciences, Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, 38025-440, MG, Brazil
| | - Francisco Teixeira-Coelho
- Department of Sport Sciences, Health Science Institute, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, 38025-440, MG, Brazil
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