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Barrett J, Leysen S, Galmiche C, Al-Mossawi H, Bowness P, Edwards TE, Lawson AD. Chimeric antigens displaying GPR65 extracellular loops on a soluble scaffold enabled the discovery of antibodies, which recognized native receptor. Bioengineered 2024; 15:2299522. [PMID: 38184821 PMCID: PMC10773626 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2299522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
GPR65 is a proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptor associated with multiple immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, whose function is relatively poorly understood. With few reagents commercially available to probe the biology of receptor, generation of an anti-GPR65 monoclonal antibody was desired. Using soluble chimeric scaffolds, such as ApoE3, displaying the extracellular loops of GPR65, together with established phage display technology, native GPR65 loop-specific antibodies were identified. Phage-derived loop-binding antibodies recognized the wild-type native receptor to which they had not previously been exposed, generating confidence in the use of chimeric soluble proteins to act as efficient surrogates for membrane protein extracellular loop antigens. This technique provides promise for the rational design of chimeric antigens in facilitating the discovery of specific antibodies to GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Barrett
- UK Research Department, UCB Pharma, Slough, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Hussein Al-Mossawi
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Bowness
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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2
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Rahimian A, Nabati A, Askari H, Saffarioun M, Aminian M. Design and construction of a phage-displayed Camelidae nanobody library using a simple bioinformatics method. Protein Expr Purif 2024:106485. [PMID: 38642863 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rational design of synthetic phage-displayed libraries requires the identification of the most appropriate positions for randomization using defined amino acid sets to recapitulate the natural occurrence. The present study uses position-specific scoring matrixes (PSSMs) for identifying and randomizing Camelidae nanobody (VHH) CDR3. The functionality of a synthetic VHH repertoire designed by this method was tested for discovering new VHH binders to recombinant coagulation factor VII (rfVII). METHODS Based on PSSM analysis, the CDR3 of cAbBCII10 VHH framework was identified, and a set of amino acids for the substitution of each PSSM-CDR3 position was defined. Using the Rosetta design SwiftLib tool, the final repertoire was back-translated to a degenerate nucleotide sequence. A synthetic phage-displayed library was constructed based on this repertoire and screened for anti-rfVII binders. RESULTS A synthetic phage-displayed VHH library with 1×108 variants was constructed. Three VHH binders to rfVII were isolated from this library with estimated dissociation constants (KD) of 1×10-8 M, 5.8×10-8 M and 2.6×10-7 M. CONCLUSION PSSM analysis is a simple and efficient way to design synthetic 8phage-displayed libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliasghar Rahimian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nabati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Askari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Aminian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Zhu N, Smallwood PM, Rattner A, Williams J, Wang Y, Nathans J. Utility of protein-protein binding surfaces composed of anti-parallel alpha-helices and beta-sheets selected by phage display. J Biol Chem 2024:107283. [PMID: 38608728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades a diverse collection of small protein domains have been used as scaffolds to generate general-purpose protein-binding reagents using a variety of protein display and enrichment technologies. To expand the repertoire of scaffolds and protein surfaces that might serve this purpose, we have explored the utility of (i) a pair of anti-parallel alpha-helices in a small highly disulfide-bonded 4-helix bundle, the CC4 domain from Reversion-inducing Cysteine-rich Protein with Kazal Motifs (RECK), and (ii) a concave beta-sheet surface and two adjacent loops in the human FN3 domain, the scaffold for the widely used monobody platform. Using M13 phage display and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), we observe that, in both systems, libraries of ∼30 million variants contain binding proteins with affinities in the low uM range for baits corresponding to the extracellular domains of multiple mammalian proteins. CC4- and FN3-based binding proteins were fused to the N- and/or C-termini of Fc domains and used for immunostaining of transfected cells. Additionally, FN3-based binding proteins were inserted into VP1 of AAV to direct AAV infection to cells expressing a defined surface receptor. Finally, FN3-based binding proteins were insertion into the Pvc13 tail fiber protein of an extracellular contractile injection system particle to direct protein cargo delivery to cells expressing a defined surface receptor. These experiments support the utility of CC4 helices B and C and of FN3 beta-strands C, D, and F together with adjacent loops CD and FG as surfaces for engineering general-purpose protein-binding reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyu Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Philip M Smallwood
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Amir Rattner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - John Williams
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Yanshu Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Jeremy Nathans
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.
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4
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Knejski PP, Erramilli SK, Kossiakoff AA. Chaperone-assisted cryo-EM structure of P. aeruginosa PhuR reveals molecular basis for heme binding. Structure 2024; 32:411-423.e6. [PMID: 38325368 PMCID: PMC10997469 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, depend on scavenging heme for the acquisition of iron, an essential nutrient. The TonB-dependent transporter (TBDT) PhuR is the major heme uptake protein in P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. However, a comprehensive understanding of heme recognition and TBDT transport mechanisms, especially PhuR, remains limited. In this study, we employed single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and a phage display-generated synthetic antibody (sAB) as a fiducial marker to enable the determination of a high-resolution (2.5 Å) structure of PhuR with a bound heme. Notably, the structure reveals iron coordination by Y529 on a conserved extracellular loop, shedding light on the role of tyrosine in heme binding. Biochemical assays and negative-stain EM demonstrated that the sAB specifically targets the heme-bound state of PhuR. These findings provide insights into PhuR's heme binding and offer a template for developing conformation-specific sABs against outer membrane proteins (OMPs) for structure-function investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł P Knejski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Laboratory of Medical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Satchal K Erramilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Anthony A Kossiakoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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5
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Korkmaz N, Himawan S, Usman M, Baik S, Kim M. Bacteriophage Engineering for Improved Copper Ion Binding. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300354. [PMID: 37985183 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, fd viruses are genetically modified to display seven cropped versions (H, HG, HGF, HGFA, HGFAN, HGFANV and HGFANVA) of the previously identified Cu(II) specific peptide (HGFANVA). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging reveals the typical filamentous structures of recombinant phages with thicknesses of ≈2-5 nm in dry state. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging shows that HGFANVA viruses form larger elongated assemblies than H viruses that are deposited with a mineral layer after Cu(II) treatment. C and N peaks are detected for virus samples through Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses confirming the presence of phage organic material. Cu peak is only detected for engineered viruses after Cu(II) exposure. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses show the selective Cu(II) binding of engineered phages. Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and zeta potential analyses reveal negative surface charges of engineered viral constructs. Positively charged Cytopore beads are coated with bacteriophages and used for Cu(II) ion sorption studies. ICP-MS analyses clearly show the improved Cu(II) binding of engineered viruses with respect to wild-type fd phages. Such bottom-up constructed, genetically engineered virus-based biomaterials may be applied in bioremediation studies targeting metal species from environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuriye Korkmaz
- Biosensor Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Campus E 7.1, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sandiego Himawan
- Biosensor Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Campus E 7.1, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Bioprogrammable Materials Group, INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D 2.2, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Muhammed Usman
- Biosensor Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Campus E 7.1, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Seungyun Baik
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Campus E 7.1, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Minyoung Kim
- Biosensor Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Campus E 7.1, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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6
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Amesaka H, Hara M, Sakai Y, Shintani A, Sue K, Yamanaka T, Tanaka S, Furukawa Y. Engineering a monobody specific to monomeric Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4961. [PMID: 38511674 PMCID: PMC10955725 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Misfolding of mutant Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) has been implicated in familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A natively folded SOD1 forms a tight homodimer, and the dimer dissociation has been proposed to trigger the oligomerization/aggregation of SOD1. Besides increasing demand for probes allowing the detection of monomerized forms of SOD1 in various applications, the development of probes has been limited to conventional antibodies. Here, we have developed Mb(S4) monobody, a small synthetic binding protein based on the fibronectin type III scaffold, that recognizes a monomeric but not dimeric form of SOD1 by performing combinatorial library selections using phage and yeast-surface display methods. Although Mb(S4) was characterized by its excellent selectivity to the monomeric conformation of SOD1, the monomeric SOD1/Mb(S4) complex was not so stable (apparent Kd ~ μM) as to be detected in conventional pull-down experiments. Instead, the complex of Mb(S4) with monomeric but not dimeric SOD1 was successfully trapped by proximity-enabled chemical crosslinking even when reacted in the cell lysates. We thus anticipate that Mb(S4) binding followed by chemical crosslinking would be a useful strategy for in vitro and also ex vivo detection of the monomeric SOD1 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Amesaka
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryKyoto Prefectural UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Mizuho Hara
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryKyoto Prefectural UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yuki Sakai
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryKyoto Prefectural UniversityKyotoJapan
| | | | - Kaori Sue
- Department of ChemistryKeio UniversityYokohamaJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience of DiseaseBrain Research Institute, Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Shun‐ichi Tanaka
- Department of Biomolecular ChemistryKyoto Prefectural UniversityKyotoJapan
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7
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Ben Abderrazek R, Hamdi E, Piccirilli A, Dhaouadi S, Muyldermans S, Perilli M, Bouhaouala-Zahar B. Camel-Derived Nanobodies as Potent Inhibitors of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-1 Enzyme. Molecules 2024; 29:1431. [PMID: 38611711 PMCID: PMC11013165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The injudicious usage of antibiotics during infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria leads to the emergence of β-lactamases. Among them, the NDM-1 enzyme poses a serious threat to human health. Developing new antibiotics or inhibiting β-lactamases might become essential to reduce and prevent bacterial infections. Nanobodies (Nbs), the smallest antigen-binding single-domain fragments derived from Camelidae heavy-chain-only antibodies, targeting enzymes, are innovative alternatives to develop effective inhibitors. The biopanning of an immune VHH library after phage display has helped to retrieve recombinant antibody fragments with high inhibitory activity against recombinant-NDM-1 enzyme. Nb02NDM-1, Nb12NDM-1, and Nb17NDM-1 behaved as uncompetitive inhibitors against NDM-1 with Ki values in the nM range. Remarkably, IC50 values of 25.0 nM and 8.5 nM were noted for Nb02NDM-1 and Nb17NDM-1, respectively. The promising inhibition of NDM-1 by Nbs highlights their potential application in combating particular Gram-negative infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Ben Abderrazek
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules Venins et Applications Théranostiques, Institut Pasteur Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, Tunisie Université Tunis El Manar, B.P N 93, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (E.H.); (S.D.); (B.B.-Z.)
| | - Emna Hamdi
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules Venins et Applications Théranostiques, Institut Pasteur Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, Tunisie Université Tunis El Manar, B.P N 93, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (E.H.); (S.D.); (B.B.-Z.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, Via Veteoio Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Alessandra Piccirilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, Via Veteoio Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Sayda Dhaouadi
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules Venins et Applications Théranostiques, Institut Pasteur Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, Tunisie Université Tunis El Manar, B.P N 93, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (E.H.); (S.D.); (B.B.-Z.)
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleenlaan, 9, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Mariagrazia Perilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, Via Veteoio Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Balkiss Bouhaouala-Zahar
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules Venins et Applications Théranostiques, Institut Pasteur Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, Tunisie Université Tunis El Manar, B.P N 93, Tunis 1068, Tunisia; (E.H.); (S.D.); (B.B.-Z.)
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, B.P N 93, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
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8
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Effer B, Ulloa D, Dappolonnio C, Muñoz F, Iturrieta-González I, Cotes L, Rojas C, Leal P. Construction of a Human Immune Library from Gallbladder Cancer Patients for the Single-Chain Fragment Variable ( scFv) Antibody Selection against Claudin 18.2 via Phage Display. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:20. [PMID: 38534210 DOI: 10.3390/antib13010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a very aggressive malignant neoplasm of the biliary tract with a poor prognosis. There are no specific therapies for the treatment of GBC or early diagnosis tools; for this reason, the development of strategies and technologies that facilitate or allow an early diagnosis of GBC continues to be decisive. Phage display is a robust technique used for the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) involving (1) the generation of gene libraries, (2) the screening and selection of isoforms related to an immobilized antigen, and (3) the in vitro maturation of the affinity of the antibody for the antigen. This research aimed to construct a human immune library from PBMCs of GBC patients and the isolation of scFv-phage clones with specificity against the larger extracellular loop belonging to claudin 18.2, which is an important biomarker overexpressed in GBC as well as gastric cancer. The immune-library-denominated GALLBLA1 was constructed from seven GBC patients and has a diversity of 6.12 × 1010pfu mL-1. After three rounds of panning, we were able to identify clones with specificity against claudin 18.2. GALLBLA1 can contribute to the selection, isolation, and recombinant production of new human mAbs candidates for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Effer
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Daniel Ulloa
- Carrera de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Camila Dappolonnio
- Carrera de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Francisca Muñoz
- Carrera de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Isabel Iturrieta-González
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Department of Preclinic Science, Medicine Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
| | - Loraine Cotes
- Carrera de Ingeniería Pesquera, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Magdalena, Carrera 32 No. 2208 Sector San Pedro Alejandrino, Santa Marta 470001, Colombia
| | - Claudio Rojas
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Morfológicos y Quirúrgicos, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
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Szekér P, Bodó T, Klima K, Csóti Á, Hanh NN, Murányi J, Hajdara A, Szántó TG, Panyi G, Megyeri M, Péterfi Z, Farkas S, Gyöngyösi N, Hornyák P. KcsA-Kv1.x chimeras with complete ligand-binding sites provide improved predictivity for screening selective Kv1.x blockers. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107155. [PMID: 38479597 PMCID: PMC11002876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the development of therapeutic interventions targeting autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory conditions, lack of effective treatment still poses a high unmet need. Modulating chronically activated T cells through the blockade of the Kv1.3 potassium channel is a promising therapeutic approach; however, developing selective Kv1.3 inhibitors is still an arduous task. Phage display-based high throughput peptide library screening is a rapid and robust approach to develop promising drug candidates; however, it requires solid-phase immobilization of target proteins with their binding site preserved. Historically, the KcsA bacterial channel chimera harboring only the turret region of the human Kv1.3 channel was used for screening campaigns. Nevertheless, literature data suggest that binding to this type of chimera does not correlate well with blocking potency on the native Kv1.3 channels. Therefore, we designed and successfully produced advanced KcsA-Kv1.3, KcsA-Kv1.1, and KcsA-Kv1.2 chimeric proteins in which both the turret and part of the filter regions of the human Kv1.x channels were transferred. These T+F (turret-filter) chimeras showed superior peptide ligand-binding predictivity compared to their T-only versions in novel phage ELISA assays. Phage ELISA binding and competition results supported with electrophysiological data confirmed that the filter region of KcsA-Kv1.x is essential for establishing adequate relative affinity order among selected peptide toxins (Vm24 toxin, Hongotoxin-1, Kaliotoxin-1, Maurotoxin, Stichodactyla toxin) and consequently obtaining more reliable selectivity data. These new findings provide a better screening tool for future drug development efforts and offer insight into the target-ligand interactions of these therapeutically relevant ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tibor Gábor Szántó
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Panyi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Norbert Gyöngyösi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Chen FJ, Pinnette N, Gao J. Strategies for the Construction of Multicyclic Phage Display Libraries. Chembiochem 2024:e202400072. [PMID: 38466139 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Peptide therapeutics have gained great interest due to their multiple advantages over small molecule and antibody-based drugs. Peptide drugs are easier to synthesize, have the potential for oral bioavailability, and are large enough to target protein-protein interactions that are undruggable by small molecules. However, two major limitations have made it difficult to develop novel peptide therapeutics not derived from natural products, including the metabolic instability of peptides and the difficulty of reaching antibody-like potencies and specificities. Compared to linear and disulfide-monocyclized peptides, multicyclic peptides can provide increased conformational rigidity, enhanced metabolic stability, and higher potency in inhibiting protein-protein interactions. The identification of novel multicyclic peptide binders can be difficult, however, recent advancements in the construction of multicyclic phage libraries have greatly advanced the process of identifying novel multicyclic peptide binders for therapeutically relevant protein targets. This review will describe the current approaches used to create multicyclic peptide libraries, highlighting the novel chemistries developed and the proof-of-concept work done on validating these libraries against different protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Jie Chen
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Nicole Pinnette
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA-02467, USA
| | - Jianmin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Merkert Chemistry Center 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA-02467, USA
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11
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Rivera‐de‐Torre E, Lampadariou S, Møiniche M, Bohn MF, Kazemi SM, Laustsen AH. Discovery of broadly-neutralizing antibodies against brown recluse spider and Gadim scorpion sphingomyelinases using consensus toxins as antigens. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4901. [PMID: 38358130 PMCID: PMC10868436 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Broadly-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are becoming increasingly important tools for treating infectious diseases and animal envenomings. However, designing and developing broadly-neutralizing antibodies can be cumbersome using traditional low-throughput iterative protein engineering methods. Here, we present a new high-throughput approach for the standardized discovery of broadly-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies relying on phage display technology and consensus antigens representing average sequences of related proteins. We showcase the utility of this approach by applying it to toxic sphingomyelinases from the venoms of species from very distant orders of the animal kingdom, the recluse spider and Gadim scorpion. First, we designed a consensus sphingomyelinase and performed three rounds of phage display selection, followed by DELFIA-based screening and ranking, and benchmarked this to a similar campaign involving cross-panning against recombinant versions of the native toxins. Second, we identified two scFvs that not only bind the consensus toxins, but which can also neutralize sphingomyelinase activity of native whole venom in vitro. Finally, we conclude that the phage display campaign involving the use of the consensus toxin was more successful in yielding cross-neutralizing scFvs than the phage display campaign involving cross-panning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanos Lampadariou
- Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Mark Møiniche
- Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Markus F. Bohn
- Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | | | - Andreas H. Laustsen
- Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
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12
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Kim JW, Lee JH, Kim HJ, Heo K, Lee Y, Jang HJ, Lee HY, Park JW, Cho YB, Shin HG, Yang HR, Lee HE, Song JY, Lee S. Empowering SARS-CoV-2 variant neutralization with a bifunctional antibody engineered with tandem heptad repeat 2 peptides. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29506. [PMID: 38445718 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
With the global pandemic and the continuous mutations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the need for effective and broadly neutralizing treatments has become increasingly urgent. This study introduces a novel strategy that targets two aspects simultaneously, using bifunctional antibodies to inhibit both the attachment of SARS-CoV-2 to host cell membranes and viral fusion. We developed pioneering IgG4-(HR2)4 bifunctional antibodies by creating immunoglobulin G4-based and phage display-derived human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that specifically bind to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain, engineered with four heptad repeat 2 (HR2) peptides. Our in vitro experiments demonstrate the superior neutralization efficacy of these engineered antibodies against various SARS-CoV-2 variants, ranging from original SARS-CoV-2 strain to the recently emerged Omicron variants, as well as SARS-CoV, outperforming the parental mAb. Notably, intravenous monotherapy with the bifunctional antibody neutralizes a SARS-CoV-2 variant in a murine model without causing significant toxicity. In summary, this study unveils the significant potential of HR2 peptide-driven bifunctional antibodies as a potent and versatile strategy for mitigating SARS-CoV-2 infections. This approach offers a promising avenue for rapid development and management in the face of the continuously evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants, holding substantial promise for pandemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Heo
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Antibody Research Institute, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonwoo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Jeong Jang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Won Park
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Bin Cho
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Gyeong Shin
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Rim Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Eon Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Song
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukmook Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Antibody Research Institute, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Burton K, Ghadami S, Dellinger K, Wang B, Dong M. Screening Peptide-Binding Partners for GenX via Phage Display. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2686. [PMID: 38473932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), such as GenX, are a class of highly stable synthetic compounds that have recently become the focus of environmental remediation endeavors due to their toxicity. While considerable strides have been made in PFAS remediation, the diversity of these compounds, and the costs associated with approaches such as ion exchange resins and advanced oxidation technologies, remain challenging for widespread application. In addition, little is known about the potential binding and impacts of GenX on human proteins. To address these issues, we applied phage display and screened short peptides that bind specifically to GenX, with the ultimate goal of identifying human proteins that bind with GenX. In this study we identified the amino acids that contribute to the binding and measured the binding affinities of the two discovered peptides with NMR. A human protein, ankyrin-repeat-domain-containing protein 36B, with matching sequences of one of the peptides, was identified, and the binding positions were predicted by docking and molecular dynamics simulation. This study created a platform to screen peptides that bind with toxic chemical compounds, which ultimately helped us identify biologically relevant molecules that could be inhibited by the GenX, and also provided information that will contribute to future bioengineered GenX-binding device design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameron Burton
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Samaneh Ghadami
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Kristen Dellinger
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
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14
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Li Q, Liu K, Cai G, Yang X, Ngo JCK. Developing Lipase Inhibitor as a Novel Approach to Address the Rice Bran Rancidity Issue─A Critical Review. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:3277-3290. [PMID: 38329044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Rice bran is a valuable byproduct from the food processing industry, which contains abundant protein, essential unsaturated fatty acids, and numerous bioactive compounds. However, its susceptibility to rancidity greatly restricts its wide utilization. Many strategies have been proposed to delay the rancidity of rice bran, but most of them have their respective limitations. Here, we proposed that developing rice ban lipase peptide inhibitors represents an alternative and promising prescription for impeding the rancidity of rice bran, in contrast to the conventional stabilization approaches for rice bran. For this reason, the rancidity mechanisms of rice bran and the research progress of rice bran lipases were discussed. In addition, the feasibility of utilizing in silico screening and phage display, two state-of-the-art technologies, in the design of the related peptide inhibitors was also highlighted. This knowledge is expected to provide a theoretical basis for opening a new avenue for stabilizing rice bran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering and School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kunlun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering and School of Food and Strategic Reserves, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Gongli Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Hong Kong Branch of National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Jacky Chi Ki Ngo
- School of Life Sciences and Hong Kong Branch of National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
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15
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Fux AC, Casonato Melo C, Schlahsa L, Burzan NB, Felsberger A, Gessner I, Fauerbach JA, Horejs-Hoeck J, Droste M, Siewert C. Generation of Endotoxin-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies by Phage and Yeast Display for Capturing Endotoxin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2297. [PMID: 38396974 PMCID: PMC10889169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endotoxin, a synonym for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is anchored in the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. Even minute amounts of LPS entering the circulatory system can have a lethal immunoactivating effect. Since LPS is omnipresent in the environment, it poses a great risk of contaminating any surface or solution, including research products and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, monitoring LPS contamination and taking preventive or decontamination measures to ensure human safety is of the utmost importance. Nevertheless, molecules used for endotoxin detection or inhibition often suffer from interferences, low specificity, and low affinity. For this reason, the selection of new binders that are biocompatible, easy to produce, and that can be used for biopharmaceutical applications, such as endotoxin removal, is of high interest. Powerful techniques for selecting LPS-binding molecules in vitro are display technologies. In this study, we established and compared the selection and production of LPS-specific, monoclonal, human single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) through two display methods: yeast and phage display. After selection, scFvs were fused to a human constant fragment crystallizable (Fc). To evaluate the applicability of the constructs, they were conjugated to polystyrene microbeads. Here, we focused on comparing the functionalized beads and their LPS removal capacity to a polyclonal anti-lipid A bead. Summarized, five different scFvs were selected through phage and yeast display, with binding properties comparable to a commercial polyclonal antibody. Two of the conjugated scFv-Fcs outperformed the polyclonal antibody in terms of the removal of LPS in aqueous solution, resulting in 265 times less residual LPS in solution, demonstrating the potential of display methods to generate LPS-specific binding molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Fux
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Research and Development Department, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Cristiane Casonato Melo
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Research and Development Department, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Laura Schlahsa
- Research and Development Department, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Nico B. Burzan
- Research and Development Department, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - André Felsberger
- Research and Development Department, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Isabel Gessner
- Research and Development Department, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Jonathan A. Fauerbach
- Research and Development Department, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Jutta Horejs-Hoeck
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Miriam Droste
- Research and Development Department, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Christiane Siewert
- Research and Development Department, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
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16
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Cha SJ, Vega-Rodriguez J, Tao D, Kudyba HM, Hanner K, Jacobs-Lorena M. Plasmodium female gamete surface HSP90 is a key determinant for fertilization. mBio 2024; 15:e0314223. [PMID: 38131664 PMCID: PMC10865824 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03142-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium fertilization, an essential step for the development of the malaria parasite in the mosquito, is a prime target for blocking pathogen transmission. Using phage peptide display screening, we identified MG1, a peptide that binds to male gametes and inhibits fertilization, presumably by competing with a female gamete ligand. Anti-MG1 antibodies bind to the female gamete surface and, by doing so, also inhibit fertilization. We determined that this antibody recognizes HSP90 on the surface of Plasmodium female gametes. Our findings establish Plasmodium HSP90 as a prime target for the development of a transmission-blocking vaccine.IMPORTANCEMalaria kills over half a million people every year and this number has not decreased in recent years. The development of new tools to combat this disease is urgently needed. In this article, we report the identification of a key molecule-HSP90-on the surface of the parasite's female gamete that is required for fertilization to occur and for the completion of the parasite cycle in the mosquito. HSP90 is a promising candidate for the development of a transmission-blocking vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jae Cha
- Department of Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia, USA
| | - Joel Vega-Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Dingyin Tao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heather M. Kudyba
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelly Hanner
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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17
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Petrenko VA. Phage Display's Prospects for Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. Viruses 2024; 16:277. [PMID: 38400052 PMCID: PMC10892688 DOI: 10.3390/v16020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most diagnosed cancer among men. It was observed that early diagnosis of disease is highly beneficial for the survival of cancer patients. Therefore, the extension and increasing quality of life of PC patients can be achieved by broadening the cancer screening programs that are aimed at the identification of cancer manifestation in patients at earlier stages, before they demonstrate well-understood signs of the disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need for standard, sensitive, robust, and commonly available screening and diagnosis tools for the identification of early signs of cancer pathologies. In this respect, the "Holy Grail" of cancer researchers and bioengineers for decades has been molecular sensing probes that would allow for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of cancer diseases via their interaction with cell-secreted and cell-associated PC biomarkers, e.g., PSA and PSMA, respectively. At present, most PSA tests are performed at centralized laboratories using high-throughput total PSA immune analyzers, which are suitable for dedicated laboratories and are not readily available for broad health screenings. Therefore, the current trend in the detection of PC is the development of portable biosensors for mobile laboratories and individual use. Phage display, since its conception by George Smith in 1985, has emerged as a premier tool in molecular biology with widespread application. This review describes the role of the molecular evolution and phage display paradigm in revolutionizing the methods for the early diagnosis and monitoring of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery A Petrenko
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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18
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Tessier TM, Chowdhury A, Stekel Z, Fux J, Sartori MA, Teyra J, Jarvik N, Chung J, Kurinov I, Sicheri F, Sidhu SS, Singer AU, Zhang W. Structural and functional validation of a highly specific Smurf2 inhibitor. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4885. [PMID: 38147466 PMCID: PMC10823456 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Smurf1 and Smurf2 are two closely related member of the HECT (homologous to E6AP carboxy terminus) E3 ubiquitin ligase family and play important roles in the regulation of various cellular processes. Both were initially identified to regulate transforming growth factor-β and bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways through regulating Smad protein stability and are now implicated in various pathological processes. Generally, E3 ligases, of which over 800 exist in humans, are ideal targets for inhibition as they determine substrate specificity; however, there are few inhibitors with the ability to precisely target a particular E3 ligase of interest. In this work, we explored a panel of ubiquitin variants (UbVs) that were previously identified to bind Smurf1 or Smurf2. In vitro binding and ubiquitination assays identified a highly specific Smurf2 inhibitor, UbV S2.4, which was able to inhibit ligase activity with high potency in the low nanomolar range. Orthologous cellular assays further demonstrated high specificity of UbV S2.4 toward Smurf2 and no cross-reactivity toward Smurf1. Structural analysis of UbV S2.4 in complex with Smurf2 revealed its mechanism of inhibition was through targeting the E2 binding site. In summary, we investigated several protein-based inhibitors of Smurf1 and Smurf2 and identified a highly specific Smurf2 inhibitor that disrupts the E2-E3 protein interaction interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner M. Tessier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Arvid Chowdhury
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Zane Stekel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Julia Fux
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Nick Jarvik
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of WaterlooKitchenerOntarioCanada
| | - Jacky Chung
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of WaterlooKitchenerOntarioCanada
| | - Igor Kurinov
- NE‐CAT, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityArgonneIllinoisUSA
| | - Frank Sicheri
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sachdev S. Sidhu
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of WaterlooKitchenerOntarioCanada
| | - Alex U. Singer
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of WaterlooKitchenerOntarioCanada
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
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19
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Malhis M, Funke SA. Mirror-Image Phage Display for the Selection of D-Amino Acid Peptide Ligands as Potential Therapeutics. Curr Protoc 2024; 4:e957. [PMID: 38372457 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
In neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), endogenous proteins or peptides aggregate with themselves. These proteins may lose their function or aggregates and/or oligomers can obtain toxicity, causing injury or death to cells. Aggregation of two major proteins characterizes AD. Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is deposited in amyloid plaques within the extracellular space of the brain and Tau in so-called neurofibrillary tangles in neurons. Finding peptide ligands to halt protein aggregation is a promising therapeutical approach. Using mirror-image phage display with a commercially available, randomized 12-mer peptide library, we have selected D-amino acid peptides, which bind to the Tau protein and modulate its aggregation in vitro. Peptides can bind specifically and selectively to a target molecule, but natural L-amino acid peptides may have crucial disadvantages for in vivo applications, as they are sensitive to protease degradation and may elicit immune responses. One strategy to circumvent these disadvantages is the use of non-naturally occurring D-amino acid peptides as they exhibit increased protease resistance and generally do not activate the immune system. To perform mirror-image phage display, the target protein needs to be synthesized as D-amino acid version. If the target protein sequence is too long to be synthesized properly, smaller peptides derived from the full length protein can be used for the selection process. This also offers the possibility to influence the binding region of the selected D-peptides in the full-length target protein. Here we provide the protocols for mirror-image phage display selection on the PHF6* peptide of Tau, based on the commercially available Ph.D.™-12 Phage Display Peptide Library Kit, leading to D-peptides that also bind the full length Tau protein (Tau441), next to PHF6*. In addition, we provide protocols and data for the first characterization of those D-peptides that inhibit Tau aggregation in vitro. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Mirror image phage display selection against D-PHF6* fibrils Support Protocol 1: Single phage ELISA Basic Protocol 2: Sequencing and D-peptide generation Basic Protocol 3: Thioflavin-T (ThT) test to control inhibition of Tau aggregation Support Protocol 2: Purification of full-length Tau protein Basic Protocol 4: ELISA to demonstrate the binding of the generated D-peptides to PHF6* and full-length Tau fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Malhis
- Institut für Bioanalytik, Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften, Coburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Aileen Funke
- Institut für Bioanalytik, Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften, Coburg, Germany
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20
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Minatel VM, Prudencio CR, Barraviera B, Ferreira RS. Nanobodies: a promising approach to treatment of viral diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1303353. [PMID: 38322011 PMCID: PMC10844482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in the 1990s, heavy chain antibodies have garnered significant interest in the scientific community. These antibodies, found in camelids such as llamas and alpacas, exhibit distinct characteristics from conventional antibodies due to the absence of a light chain in their structure. Furthermore, they possess a single antigen-binding domain known as VHH or Nanobody (Nb). With a small size of approximately 15 kDa, these Nbs demonstrate improved characteristics compared to conventional antibodies, including greater physicochemical stability and enhanced biodistribution, enabling them to bind inaccessible epitopes more effectively. As a result, Nbs have found numerous applications in various medical and veterinary fields, particularly in diagnostics and therapeutics. Advances in biotechnology have made the production of recombinant antibodies feasible and compatible with large-scale manufacturing. Through the construction of immune phage libraries that display VHHs and subsequent selection through biopanning, it has become possible to isolate specific Nbs targeting pharmaceutical targets of interest, such as viruses. This review describes the processes involved in nanobody production, from hyperimmunization to purification, with the aim of their application in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Meneghetti Minatel
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Liu CH, Leu SJ, Lee CH, Lin CY, Wang WC, Tsai BY, Lee YC, Chen CL, Yang YY, Lin LT. Production and characterization of single-chain variable fragment antibodies targeting the breast cancer tumor marker nectin-4. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1292019. [PMID: 38288120 PMCID: PMC10822971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nectin-4 is a novel biomarker overexpressed in various types of cancer, including breast cancer, in which it has been associated with poor prognosis. Current literature suggests that nectin-4 has a role in cancer progression and may have prognostic and therapeutic implications. The present study aims to produce nectin-4-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies and evaluate their applications in breast cancer cell lines and clinical specimens. Methods We generated recombinant nectin-4 ectodomain fragments as immunogens to immunize chickens and the chickens' immunoglobulin genes were amplified for construction of anti-nectin-4 scFv libraries using phage display. The binding capacities of the selected clones were evaluated with the recombinant nectin-4 fragments, breast cancer cell lines, and paraffin-embedded tissue sections using various laboratory approaches. The binding affinity and in silico docking profile were also characterized. Results We have selected two clones (S21 and L4) from the libraries with superior binding capacity. S21 yielded higher signals when used as the primry antibody for western blot analysis and flow cytometry, whereas clone L4 generated cleaner and stronger signals in immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining. In addition, both scFvs could diminish attachment-free cell aggregation of nectin-4-positive breast cancer cells. As results from ELISA indicated that L4 bound more efficiently to fixed nectin-4 ectodomain, molecular docking analysis was further performed and demonstrated that L4 possesses multiple polar contacts with nectin-4 and diversity in interacting residues. Conclusion Overall, the nectin-4-specific scFvs could recognize nectin-4 expressed by breast cancer cells and have the merit of being further explored for potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sy-Jye Leu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsin Lee
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yuan Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chu Wang
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Ching Lee
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University and Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yuan Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Core Laboratory of Antibody Generation and Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Korkmaz N, Kim M. Phage display selection of a Pb(II) specific peptide and its application as a biorecognition unit for colorimetric detection of Pb(II) ions. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300482. [PMID: 38009643 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Phage display technology employs a library of engineered filamentous M13 viruses infecting only bacteria. In this study, the genuine phage display selection technique was applied to identify a Pb(II) specific peptide. After three rounds of positive selection against Pb(II) coated agarose-based beads and the consecutive negative screenings against interfering metal ions (Al(III), Co(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), and Zn(II)), a final phage library with enhanced Pb(II) binding was obtained. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) analyses confirmed the selective Pb(II) binding of the enriched viruses. Twenty monoclonal phage plaques were randomly selected, single stranded DNAs (ssDNAs) were isolated and sequenced. Sequencing results revealed four different peptide sequences. Pb9 peptide (KASPYIT) showing the most specific Pb(II) binding was selected for detection studies. Pb9 was synthetically synthesized with additional three cysteine (3xCys) units at C-terminal. Twenty nanometers AuNPs were functionalized with Pb9-3xCys peptides through Au-thiol (Au-S) interaction. A colorimetric Pb(II) detection system was validated using the engineered peptide-AuNP complex at a calculated LOD of around 11 nM (3σ/k, n = 6) for the case study. The detection system was Pb(II) selective over various metal ions (Ag(II), Al(III), Au(III), Cd(II), Co(II), Cr (III), Cu(II), Fe(III), Hg(II), Mg(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II)). Such metal ion specific peptides can be further studied to develop simple, user friendly and cost-effective tools to design alternative detection and bioremediation systems for a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuriye Korkmaz
- Biosensor Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Minyoung Kim
- Biosensor Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
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23
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André S, Verteneuil S, Ris L, Kahvecioglu ZC, Nonclercq D, De Winter J, Vander Elst L, Laurent S, Muller RN, Burtea C. Modulation of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:1395-1426. [PMID: 38225969 PMCID: PMC10789292 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder lacking any curative treatment up to now. Indeed, actual medication given to the patients alleviates only symptoms. The cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2-IVA) appears as a pivotal player situated at the center of pathological pathways leading to AD and its inhibition could be a promising therapeutic approach. Objective A cPLA2-IVA inhibiting peptide was identified in the present work, aiming to develop an original therapeutic strategy. Methods We targeted the cPLA2-IVA using the phage display technology. The hit peptide PLP25 was first validated in vitro (arachidonic acid dosage [AA], cPLA2-IVA cellular translocation) before being tested in vivo. We evaluated spatial memory using the Barnes maze, amyloid deposits by MRI and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and other important biomarkers such as the cPLA2-IVA itself, the NMDA receptor, AβPP and tau by IHC after i.v. injection in APP/PS1 mice. Results Showing a high affinity for the C2 domain of this enzyme, the peptide PLP25 exhibited an inhibitory effect on cPLA2-IVA activity by blocking its binding to its substrate, resulting in a decreased release of AA. Coupled to a vector peptide (LRPep2) in order to optimize brain access, we showed an improvement of cognitive abilities of APP/PS1 mice, which also exhibited a decreased number of amyloid plaques, a restored expression of cPLA2-IVA, and a favorable effect on NMDA receptor expression and tau protein phosphorylation. Conclusions cPLA2-IVA inhibition through PLP25 peptide could be a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine André
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Verteneuil
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Laurence Ris
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Mons, Research Institute for Health Science and Technologies, Mons, Belgium
| | - Zehra-Cagla Kahvecioglu
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | | | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (SMOs), University of Mons-UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - Luce Vander Elst
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Sophie Laurent
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Robert N. Muller
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Carmen Burtea
- General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry Unit, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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Harhala MA, Gembara K, Baniecki K, Pikies A, Nahorecki A, Jędruchniewicz N, Kaźmierczak Z, Rybicka I, Klimek T, Witkiewicz W, Barczyk K, Kłak M, Dąbrowska K. Experimental Identification of Cross-Reacting IgG Hotspots to Predict Existing Immunity Evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Variants by a New Biotechnological Application of Phage Display. Viruses 2023; 16:58. [PMID: 38257758 PMCID: PMC10820762 DOI: 10.3390/v16010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple pathogens are competing against the human immune response, leading to outbreaks that are increasingly difficult to control. For example, the SARS-CoV-2 virus continually evolves, giving rise to new variants. The ability to evade the immune system is a crucial factor contributing to the spread of these variants within the human population. With the continuous emergence of new variants, it is challenging to comprehend all the possible combinations of previous infections, various vaccination types, and potential exposure to new variants in an individual patient. Rather than conducting variant-to-variant comparisons, an efficient approach could involve identifying key protein regions associated with the immune evasion of existing immunity against the virus. In this study, we propose a new biotechnological application of bacteriophages, the phage display platform for experimental identification of regions (linear epitopes) that may function as cross-reacting IgG hotspots in SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins. A total of 34,949 epitopes derived from genomes of all SARS-CoV-2 variants deposited prior to our library design were tested in a single assay. Cross-reacting IgG hotspots are protein regions frequently recognized by cross-reacting antibodies in many variants. The assay facilitated the one-step identification of immunogenic regions of proteins that effectively induced specific IgG in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. We identified four regions demonstrating both significant immunogenicity and the activity of a cross-reacting IgG hotspot in protein S (located at NTD, RBD, HR1, and HR2/TM domains) and two such regions in protein N (at 197-280 and 358-419 aa positions). This novel method for identifying cross-reacting IgG hotspots holds promise for informing vaccine design and serological diagnostics for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Adam Harhala
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Kamieńskiego 73a St., 51-124 Wrocław, Poland; (M.A.H.); (K.G.); (N.J.); (Z.K.); (T.K.); (W.W.); (M.K.)
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12 St., 53-114 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Gembara
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Kamieńskiego 73a St., 51-124 Wrocław, Poland; (M.A.H.); (K.G.); (N.J.); (Z.K.); (T.K.); (W.W.); (M.K.)
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12 St., 53-114 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Baniecki
- Healthcare Centre in Bolesławiec, Jeleniogórska 4, 59-700 Bolesławiec, Poland; (K.B.); (A.P.); (A.N.); (K.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Pikies
- Healthcare Centre in Bolesławiec, Jeleniogórska 4, 59-700 Bolesławiec, Poland; (K.B.); (A.P.); (A.N.); (K.B.)
| | - Artur Nahorecki
- Healthcare Centre in Bolesławiec, Jeleniogórska 4, 59-700 Bolesławiec, Poland; (K.B.); (A.P.); (A.N.); (K.B.)
| | - Natalia Jędruchniewicz
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Kamieńskiego 73a St., 51-124 Wrocław, Poland; (M.A.H.); (K.G.); (N.J.); (Z.K.); (T.K.); (W.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Zuzanna Kaźmierczak
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Kamieńskiego 73a St., 51-124 Wrocław, Poland; (M.A.H.); (K.G.); (N.J.); (Z.K.); (T.K.); (W.W.); (M.K.)
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12 St., 53-114 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Izabela Rybicka
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12 St., 53-114 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Klimek
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Kamieńskiego 73a St., 51-124 Wrocław, Poland; (M.A.H.); (K.G.); (N.J.); (Z.K.); (T.K.); (W.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Wojciech Witkiewicz
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Kamieńskiego 73a St., 51-124 Wrocław, Poland; (M.A.H.); (K.G.); (N.J.); (Z.K.); (T.K.); (W.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Kamil Barczyk
- Healthcare Centre in Bolesławiec, Jeleniogórska 4, 59-700 Bolesławiec, Poland; (K.B.); (A.P.); (A.N.); (K.B.)
| | - Marlena Kłak
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Kamieńskiego 73a St., 51-124 Wrocław, Poland; (M.A.H.); (K.G.); (N.J.); (Z.K.); (T.K.); (W.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wrocław, Kamieńskiego 73a St., 51-124 Wrocław, Poland; (M.A.H.); (K.G.); (N.J.); (Z.K.); (T.K.); (W.W.); (M.K.)
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12 St., 53-114 Wrocław, Poland;
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Georg Magalhães C, Ploeger Mansueli C, Manieri TM, Quintilio W, Garbuio A, de Jesus Marinho J, de Moraes JZ, Tsuruta LR, Moro AM. Impaired proliferation and migration of HUVEC and melanoma cells by human anti-FGF2 mAbs derived from a murine hybridoma by guided selection. Bioengineered 2023; 14:2252667. [PMID: 37661761 PMCID: PMC10478743 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2252667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Disadvantages of using murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in human therapy, such as immunogenicity response, led to the development of technologies to transform murine antibodies into human antibodies. The murine anti-FGF2 3F12E7 mAb was proposed as a promising agent to treat metastatic melanoma tumors; once it blocks the FGF2, responsible for playing a role in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Considering the therapeutic potential of anti-FGF2 3F12E7 mAb and its limited use in humans due to its origin, we used this antibody as the template for a guided selection humanization technique to obtain human anti-FGF2 mAbs. Three Fab libraries (murine, hybrid, and human) were constructed for humanization. The libraries were phage-displayed, and the panning was performed against recombinant human FGF2 (rFGF2). The selected human variable light and heavy chains were cloned into AbVec vectors for full-length IgG expression into HEK293-F cells. Surface plasmon resonance analyses showed binding to rFGF2 of seven mAbs out of 20 expressed. Assays performed with these mAbs resulted in two that showed proliferation reduction and cell migration attenuation of HUVEC and SK-Mel-28 melanoma cells. In-silico analyses predicted that these two human anti-FGF2 mAbs interact with FGF2 at a similar patch of residues than the chimeric anti-FGF2 antibody, comprehending a region within the heparin-binding domains of FGF2, essential for its function. These results are comparable to those achieved by the murine anti-FGF2 3F12E7 mAb and showed success in the humanization process and selection of two human mAbs with the potential to inhibit undesirable FGF2 roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wagner Quintilio
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angélica Garbuio
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jane Zveiter de Moraes
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Maria Moro
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- CeRDI, Center for Research and Development in Immunobiologicals, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Ji W, Liu R, Wu S, Ma H, Wu Z, Liu W, Hou S. Screening of Deoxynivalenol Cyclic Heptapeptide Mimotope Antigen. Stud Health Technol Inform 2023; 308:225-230. [PMID: 38007744 DOI: 10.3233/shti230843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, phage clones that can bind to DON were selected from the phage cyclohepta peptide library by screening through the principle of solid-phase affinity, and mimotope were synthesized to replace the DON toxin standard to establish a green low toxicity detection system. The author conducted four rounds of screening in the phage cyclic heptapeptide library with DON-10a1a monoclonal antibody as the target molecule. Then 38 phage clones were selected and validated, and the results showed that 35 of them could bind to the DON-10a1a monoclonal antibody and were inhibited by DON toxin. Finally, the DNA was extracted and sequenced to obtain 6 different DNA sequences, which were named D1-D6 respectively. The peptides synthesized according to the corresponding amino acid sequences can replace DON toxin to establish a series of green and low toxicity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Ji
- Department of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Renrong Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Hailing Ma
- Department of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Ziyao Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Shumin Hou
- Department of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
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27
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Rudenko NV, Nagel AS, Melnik BS, Karatovskaya AP, Vetrova OS, Zamyatina AV, Andreeva-Kovalevskaya ZI, Siunov AV, Shlyapnikov MG, Brovko FA, Solonin AS. Utilizing Extraepitopic Amino Acid Substitutions to Define Changes in the Accessibility of Conformational Epitopes of the Bacillus cereus HlyII C-Terminal Domain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16437. [PMID: 38003626 PMCID: PMC10671226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemolysin II (HlyII)-one of the pathogenic factors of Bacillus cereus, a pore-forming β-barrel toxin-possesses a C-terminal extension of 94 amino acid residues, designated as the C-terminal domain of HlyII (HlyIICTD), which plays an important role in the functioning of the toxin. Our previous work described a monoclonal antibody (HlyIIC-20), capable of strain-specific inhibition of hemolysis caused by HlyII, and demonstrated the dependence of the efficiency of hemolysis on the presence of proline at position 324 in HlyII outside the conformational antigenic determinant. In this work, we studied 16 mutant forms of HlyIICTD. Each of the mutations, obtained via multiple site-directed mutagenesis leading to the replacement of amino acid residues lying on the surface of the 3D structure of HlyIICTD, led to a decrease in the interaction of HlyIIC-20 with the mutant form of the protein. Changes in epitope structure confirm the high conformational mobility of HlyIICTD required for the functioning of HlyII. Comparison of the effect of the introduced mutations on the effectiveness of interactions between HlyIICTD and HlyIIC-20 and a control antibody recognizing a non-overlapping epitope enabled the identification of the amino acid residues N339 and K340, included in the conformational antigenic determinant recognized by HlyIIC-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Rudenko
- Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexey S Nagel
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Pushchino Scientific Centre of Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Bogdan S Melnik
- Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Institutskaya Street, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Anna P Karatovskaya
- Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Olesya S Vetrova
- Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Anna V Zamyatina
- Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Zhanna I Andreeva-Kovalevskaya
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Pushchino Scientific Centre of Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexander V Siunov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Pushchino Scientific Centre of Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Mikhail G Shlyapnikov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Pushchino Scientific Centre of Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Fedor A Brovko
- Pushchino Branch, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexander S Solonin
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Pushchino Scientific Centre of Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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Islam MS, Fan J, Pan F. The power of phages: revolutionizing cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1290296. [PMID: 38033486 PMCID: PMC10684691 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1290296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating disease with a high global mortality rate and is projected to increase further in the coming years. Current treatment options, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, have limitations including side effects, variable effectiveness, high costs, and limited availability. There is a growing need for alternative treatments that can target cancer cells specifically with fewer side effects. Phages, that infect bacteria but not eukaryotic cells, have emerged as promising cancer therapeutics due to their unique properties, including specificity and ease of genetic modification. Engineered phages can transform cancer treatment by targeting cancer cells while sparing healthy ones. Phages exhibit versatility as nanocarriers, capable of delivering therapeutic agents like gene therapy, immunotherapy, and vaccines. Phages are extensively used in vaccine development, with filamentous, tailed, and icosahedral phages explored for different antigen expression possibilities. Engineered filamentous phages bring benefits such as built in adjuvant properties, cost-effectiveness, versatility in multivalent formulations, feasibility of oral administration, and stability. Phage-based vaccines stimulate the innate immune system by engaging pattern recognition receptors on antigen-presenting cells, enhancing phage peptide antigen presentation to B-cells and T-cells. This review presents recent phage therapy advances and challenges in cancer therapy, exploring its versatile tools and vaccine potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sharifull Islam
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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29
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Wang S, Uchida N, Ueno K, Matsubara T, Sato T, Aida T, Ishida Y. Effects of the Magnetic Orientation of M13 Bacteriophage on Phage Display Selection. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302261. [PMID: 37638672 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Although phage display selection using a library of M13 bacteriophage has become a powerful tool for finding peptides that bind to target materials on demand, a remaining concern of this method is the interference by the M13 main body, which is a huge filament >103 times larger than the displayed peptide, and therefore would nonspecifically adhere to the target or sterically inhibit the binding of the displayed peptide. Meanwhile, filamentous phages are known to be orientable by an external magnetic field. If M13 filaments are magnetically oriented during the library selection, their angular arrangement relative to the target surface would be changed, being expected to control the interference by the M13 main body. This study reports that the magnetic orientation of M13 filaments vertical to the target surface significantly affects the selection. When the target surface was affinitive to the M13 main body, this orientation notably suppressed the nonspecific adhesion. Furthermore, when the target surface was less affinitive to the M13 main body and intrinsically free from the nonspecific adhesion, this orientation drastically changed the population of M13 clones obtained through library selection. The method of using no chemicals but only a physical stimulus is simple, clean, and expected to expand the scope of phage display selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxu Wang
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Uchida
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kento Ueno
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Matsubara
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toshinori Sato
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishida
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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Baurand PE, Balland J, Galli E, Eklin S, Bruley R, Ringenbach L. New Anti-RSV Nucleoprotein Monoclonal Antibody Pairs Discovered Using Rabbit Phage Display Technology. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:73. [PMID: 37987251 PMCID: PMC10660478 DOI: 10.3390/antib12040073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is one of the major contagious viruses and causes complicated respiratory issues, especially in young children. The sensitive and fast detection of hRSV is critical for taking the most effective actions. In the present study, rabbit antibodies against the hRSV nucleoprotein (NP) were developed using phage display technology. A female rabbit was immunized with an hRSV strain A2 recombinant NP. A Fab library was built and sorted during two successive panning rounds for strain B and the A2 NP (recombinant preparations), respectively. The choice of candidates was performed using ELISA on the two NP strains. The obtained library was 3 × 106 cfu/mL, with an insertion rate of >95%. The two panning rounds permitted an enrichment factor of 100. ELISA screening allowed us to obtain 28 NP-specific Fab candidates. Among them, 10 retained candidates were reformatted into rabbit full IgG; thereafter, pairing tests on the recombinant strains and native lysate samples were performed. After the pairing tests on the recombinant strains, 53 pairs were identified. Eleven pairs were identified as being able to detect RSVs from native lysates. This work presents new high-potential monoclonal antibodies mAbs (mAbs), which would benefit from lateral flow testing data with patient materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Emmanuel Baurand
- Diaclone SAS—Part of Medix Biochemica Group, 6 Rue Dr Jean-François-Xavier Girod, BP 1985, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Jérémy Balland
- Diaclone SAS—Part of Medix Biochemica Group, 6 Rue Dr Jean-François-Xavier Girod, BP 1985, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Emilia Galli
- Medix Biochemica Group, Headquarter, Klovinpellontie 3, FI-02180 Espoo, Finland
| | - Suvi Eklin
- Medix Biochemica Group, Headquarter, Klovinpellontie 3, FI-02180 Espoo, Finland
| | - Rémy Bruley
- Diaclone SAS—Part of Medix Biochemica Group, 6 Rue Dr Jean-François-Xavier Girod, BP 1985, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Laurence Ringenbach
- Diaclone SAS—Part of Medix Biochemica Group, 6 Rue Dr Jean-François-Xavier Girod, BP 1985, 25000 Besançon, France
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31
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Zehnaker A, Vallet A, Gourdon J, Sarti C, Jugnarain V, Haj Hassan M, Mathias L, Gauthier C, Raynaud P, Boulo T, Beauclair L, Bigot Y, Casarini L, Crépieux P, Poupon A, Piégu B, Jean-Alphonse F, Bruneau G, Reiter É. Combined Multiplexed Phage Display, High-Throughput Sequencing, and Functional Assays as a Platform for Identifying Modulatory VHHs Targeting the FSHR. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15961. [PMID: 37958944 PMCID: PMC10650796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing modulatory antibodies against G protein-coupled receptors is challenging. In this study, we targeted the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), a significant regulator of reproduction, with variable domains of heavy chain-only antibodies (VHHs). We built two immune VHH libraries and submitted them to multiplexed phage display approaches. We used next-generation sequencing to identify 34 clusters of specifically enriched sequences that were functionally assessed in a primary screen based on a cAMP response element (CRE)-dependent reporter gene assay. In this assay, 23 VHHs displayed negative or positive modulation of FSH-induced responses, suggesting a high success rate of the multiplexed strategy. We then focused on the largest cluster identified (i.e., PRC1) that displayed positive modulation of FSH action. We demonstrated that PRC1 specifically binds to the human FSHR and human FSHR/FSH complex while potentiating FSH-induced cAMP production and Gs recruitment. We conclude that the improved selection strategy reported here is effective for rapidly identifying functionally active VHHs and could be adapted to target other challenging membrane receptors. This study also led to the identification of PRC1, the first potential positive modulator VHH reported for the human FSHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anielka Zehnaker
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Amandine Vallet
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Juliette Gourdon
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Caterina Sarti
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Vinesh Jugnarain
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Maya Haj Hassan
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Laetitia Mathias
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Camille Gauthier
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Pauline Raynaud
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Thomas Boulo
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Linda Beauclair
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Yves Bigot
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Livio Casarini
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
- Inria, Inria Saclay-Ile-de-France, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Anne Poupon
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
- Inria, Inria Saclay-Ile-de-France, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- MAbSilico, 1 Impasse du Palais, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Benoît Piégu
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Frédéric Jean-Alphonse
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
- Inria, Inria Saclay-Ile-de-France, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Gilles Bruneau
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Éric Reiter
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
- Inria, Inria Saclay-Ile-de-France, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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Nakazawa H, Katsuki T, Matsui T, Tsugita A, Yokoyama T, Ito T, Kawada S, Tanaka Y, Umetsu M. Synthesis of epitope-targeting nanobody based on native protein-protein interactions for FtsZ filamentation suppressor. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300039. [PMID: 37458140 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Phage display and biopanning are powerful tools for generating binding molecules for a specific target. However, the selection process based only on binding affinity provides no assurance for the antibody's affinity to the target epitope. In this study, we propose a molecular-evolution approach guided by native protein-protein interactions to generate epitope-targeting antibodies. The binding-site sequence in a native protein was grafted into a complementarity-determining region (CDR) in the nanobody, and a nonrelated CDR loop (in the grafted nanobody) was randomized to create a phage display library. In this construction of nanobodies by integrating graft and evolution technology (CAnIGET method), suitable grafting of the functional sequence added functionality to the nanobody, and the molecular-evolution approach enhanced the binding function to inhibit the native protein-protein interactions. To apply for biological tool with growth screening, model nanobodies with an affinity for filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z (FtsZ) from Staphylococcus aureus were constructed and completely inhibited the polymerization of FtsZ as a function. Consequently, the expression of these nanobodies drastically decreased the cell division rate. We demonstrate the potential of the CAnIGET method with the use of native protein-protein interactions for steady epitope-specific evolutionary engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Nakazawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taiji Katsuki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsui
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tsugita
- Department of Applied Biological Molecular Science, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yokoyama
- Department of Applied Biological Molecular Science, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ito
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sakiya Kawada
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biological Molecular Science, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Umetsu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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33
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Kim DY, Kandalaft H, Lowden MJ, Yang Q, Rossotti MA, Robotham A, Kelly JF, Hussack G, Schrag JD, Henry KA, Tanha J. Sequence tolerance of immunoglobulin variable domain framework regions to noncanonical intradomain disulfide linkages. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105278. [PMID: 37742917 PMCID: PMC10641266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Most immunoglobulin (Ig) domains bear only a single highly conserved canonical intradomain, inter-β-sheet disulfide linkage formed between Cys23-Cys104, and incorporation of rare noncanonical disulfide linkages at other locations can enhance Ig domain stability. Here, we exhaustively surveyed the sequence tolerance of Ig variable (V) domain framework regions (FRs) to noncanonical disulfide linkages. Starting from a destabilized VH domain lacking a Cys23-Cys104 disulfide linkage, we generated and screened phage-displayed libraries of engineered VHs, bearing all possible pairwise combinations of Cys residues in neighboring β-strands of the Ig fold FRs. This approach identified seven novel Cys pairs in VH FRs (Cys4-Cys25, Cys4-Cys118, Cys5-Cys120, Cys6-Cys119, Cys22-Cys88, Cys24-Cys86, and Cys45-Cys100; the international ImMunoGeneTics information system numbering), whose presence rescued domain folding and stability. Introduction of a subset of these noncanonical disulfide linkages (three intra-β-sheet: Cys4-Cys25, Cys22-Cys88, and Cys24-Cys86, and one inter-β-sheet: Cys6-Cys119) into a diverse panel of VH, VL, and VHH domains enhanced their thermostability and protease resistance without significantly impacting expression, solubility, or binding to cognate antigens. None of the noncanonical disulfide linkages identified were present in the natural human VH repertoire. These data reveal an unexpected permissiveness of Ig V domains to noncanonical disulfide linkages at diverse locations in FRs, absent in the human repertoire, whose presence is compatible with antigen recognition and improves domain stability. Our work represents the most complete assessment to date of the role of engineered noncanonical disulfide bonding within FRs in Ig V domain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Kim
- Life Sciences Division, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiba Kandalaft
- Life Sciences Division, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J Lowden
- Life Sciences Division, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qingling Yang
- Life Sciences Division, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin A Rossotti
- Life Sciences Division, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Robotham
- Life Sciences Division, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John F Kelly
- Life Sciences Division, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Greg Hussack
- Life Sciences Division, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph D Schrag
- Life Sciences Division, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kevin A Henry
- Life Sciences Division, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamshid Tanha
- Life Sciences Division, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Keller AP, Huemer M, Chang CC, Mairpady Shambat S, Bjurnemark C, Oberortner N, Santschi MV, Zinsli LV, Röhrig C, Sobieraj AM, Shen Y, Eichenseher F, Zinkernagel AS, Loessner MJ, Schmelcher M. Systemic application of bone-targeting peptidoglycan hydrolases as a novel treatment approach for staphylococcal bone infection. mBio 2023; 14:e0183023. [PMID: 37768041 PMCID: PMC10653945 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01830-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus has rendered treatment of staphylococcal infections increasingly difficult, making the discovery of alternative treatment options a high priority. Peptidoglycan hydrolases, a diverse group of bacteriolytic enzymes, show high promise as such alternatives due to their rapid and specific lysis of bacterial cells, independent of antibiotic resistance profiles. However, using these enzymes for the systemic treatment of local infections, such as osteomyelitis foci, needs improvement, as the therapeutic distributes throughout the whole host, resulting in low concentrations at the actual infection site. In addition, the occurrence of intracellularly persisting bacteria can lead to relapsing infections. Here, we describe an approach using tissue-targeting to increase the local concentration of therapeutic enzymes in the infected bone. The enzymes were modified with a short targeting moiety that mediated accumulation of the therapeutic in osteoblasts and additionally enables targeting of intracellularly surviving bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja P. Keller
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Huemer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chun-Chi Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Srikanth Mairpady Shambat
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicole Oberortner
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Léa V. Zinsli
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Röhrig
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna M. Sobieraj
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fritz Eichenseher
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annelies S. Zinkernagel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin J. Loessner
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Schmelcher
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kim JH, Jeong HS, Hwang J, Kweon DH, Choi CH, Park JP. Affinity Peptide-Tethered Suspension Hydrogel Sensor for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Influenza Virus. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37903089 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses are known to cause pandemic flu outbreaks through both inter-human and animal-to-human transmissions. Therefore, the rapid and accurate detection of such pathogenic viruses is crucial for effective pandemic control. Here, we introduce a novel sensor based on affinity peptide-immobilized hydrogel microspheres for the selective detection of influenza A virus (IAV) H3N2. To enhance the binding affinity performance, we identified novel affinity peptides using phage display and further optimized their design. The functional hydrogel microspheres were constructed using the drop microfluidic technique, employing a structure composed of natural (chitosan) and synthetic (poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and PEG 6 kDa) polymers with the activation of azadibenzocyclooctyne for the subsequent click chemistry reaction. The binding peptide-immobilized hydrogel microsphere (BP-Hyd) was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and exhibited selective detection capability for the IAV H3N2. To capture the detected IAV H3N2, a Cy3-labeled IAV hemagglutinin antibody was utilized. By incorporating the affinity peptide with hydrogel microspheres, we achieved quantitative and selective detection of IAV H3N2 with a detection limit of 1.887 PFU mL-1. Furthermore, the developed suspension sensor exhibited excellent reproducibility and showed reusability potential. Our results revealed that the BP-Hyd-based fluorescence sensor platform could be feasibly employed to detect other pathogens because the virus-binding peptides can be easily replaced with other peptides through phage display, enabling selective and sensitive binding to different targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Jeong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyeon Hwang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kweon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyung Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Pil Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
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Lutz S, Klausz K, Albici AM, Ebinger L, Sellmer L, Teipel H, Frenzel A, Langner A, Winterberg D, Krohn S, Hust M, Schirrmann T, Dübel S, Scherließ R, Humpe A, Gramatzki M, Kellner C, Peipp M. Novel NKG2D-directed bispecific antibodies enhance antibody-mediated killing of malignant B cells by NK cells and T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1227572. [PMID: 37965326 PMCID: PMC10641740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1227572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The activating receptor natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) represents an attractive target for immunotherapy as it exerts a crucial role in cancer immunosurveillance by regulating the activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes. In this study, a panel of novel NKG2D-specific single-chain fragments variable (scFv) were isolated from naïve human antibody gene libraries and fused to the fragment antigen binding (Fab) of rituximab to obtain [CD20×NKG2D] bibodies with the aim to recruit cytotoxic lymphocytes to lymphoma cells. All bispecific antibodies bound both antigens simultaneously. Two bibody constructs, [CD20×NKG2D#3] and [CD20×NKG2D#32], efficiently activated natural killer (NK) cells in co-cultures with CD20+ lymphoma cells. Both bibodies triggered NK cell-mediated lysis of lymphoma cells and especially enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) by CD38 or CD19 specific monoclonal antibodies suggesting a synergistic effect between NKG2D and FcγRIIIA signaling pathways in NK cell activation. The [CD20×NKG2D] bibodies were not effective in redirecting CD8+ T cells as single agents, but enhanced cytotoxicity when combined with a bispecific [CD19×CD3] T cell engager, indicating that NKG2D signaling also supports CD3-mediated T cell activation. In conclusion, engagement of NKG2D with bispecific antibodies is attractive to directly activate cytotoxic lymphocytes or to support their activation by monoclonal antibodies or bispecific T cell engagers. As a perspective, co-targeting of two tumor antigens may allow fine-tuning of antibody cancer therapies. Our proposed combinatorial approach is potentially applicable for many existing immunotherapies but further testing in different preclinical models is necessary to explore the full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lutz
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Klausz
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anca-Maria Albici
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lea Ebinger
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lea Sellmer
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hannah Teipel
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Anna Langner
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dorothee Winterberg
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Steffen Krohn
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- YUMAB GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Dübel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik, Abteilung Biotechnologie, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Regina Scherließ
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Humpe
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Gramatzki
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Kellner
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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Nakada-Masuta T, Takeda H, Uchida K. Novel Approach for Obtaining Variable Domain of New Antigen Receptor with Different Physicochemical Properties from Japanese Topeshark ( Hemitriakis japanica). Mar Drugs 2023; 21:550. [PMID: 37999374 PMCID: PMC10672104 DOI: 10.3390/md21110550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse candidate antibodies are needed to successfully identify therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The variable domain of IgNAR (VNAR), a shark single-domain antibody, has attracted attention owing to its favorable physicochemical properties. The phage display method used to screen for optimal VNARs loses sequence diversity because of the bias caused by the differential ease of protein expression in Escherichia coli. Here, we investigated a VNAR selection method that combined panning with various selection pressures and next-generation sequencing (NGS) analyses to obtain additional candidates. Drawing inspiration from the physiological conditions of sharks and the physicochemical properties of VNARs, we examined the effects of NaCl and urea concentrations, low temperature, and preheating at the binding step of panning. VNAR phage libraries generated from Japanese topeshark (Hemitriakis japanica) were enriched under these conditions. We then performed NGS analysis and attempted to select clones that were specifically enriched under each panning condition. The identified VNARs exhibited higher reactivity than those obtained by panning without selection pressure. Additionally, they possess physicochemical properties that reflect their respective selection pressures. These results can greatly enhance our understanding of VNAR properties and offer guidance for the screening of high-quality VNAR clones that are present at low frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Nakada-Masuta
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 7-1-49 Minatojimaminamimachi Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan;
- Bio-Diagnostic Reagent Technology Center, Sysmex Corporation, 4-3-2 Nishi-ku Takatsukadai, Kobe 651-2271, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Division of Proteo-Drug-Discovery Sciences, Ehime University Proteo-Science Center, Bunkyocho 3, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan;
| | - Kazuhisa Uchida
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 7-1-49 Minatojimaminamimachi Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan;
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Rodríguez S, García-García A, Garcia-Calvo E, Esteban V, Pastor-Vargas C, Díaz-Perales A, García T, Martín R. Generation of an Ovomucoid-Immune scFv Library for the Development of Novel Immunoassays in Hen's Egg Detection. Foods 2023; 12:3831. [PMID: 37893724 PMCID: PMC10606182 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hen's egg allergy is the second most common food allergy among infants and young children. The possible presence of undeclared eggs in foods poses a significant risk to sensitized individuals. Therefore, reliable egg allergen detection methods are needed to ensure compliance with food labeling and improve consumer protection. This work describes for the first time the application of phage display technology for the generation of a recombinant antibody aimed at the specific detection of hen's ovomucoid. First, a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) library was constructed from mRNA isolated from the spleen of a rabbit immunized with ovomucoid. After rounds of biopanning, four binding clones were isolated and characterized. Based on the best ovomucoid-binding candidate SR-G1, an indirect phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (phage-ELISA) was developed, reaching limits of detection and quantitation of 43 and 79 ng/mL of ovomucoid, respectively. The developed ELISA was applied to the analysis of a wide variety of food products, obtaining a good correlation with a commercial egg detection assay used as a reference. Finally, in silico modeling of the antigen-antibody complex revealed that the main interactions most likely occur between the scFv heavy chain and the ovomucoid domain-III, the most immunogenic region of this allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Rodríguez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.); (E.G.-C.); (T.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Aina García-García
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.); (E.G.-C.); (T.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Calvo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.); (E.G.-C.); (T.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Vanesa Esteban
- Departamento de Alergia e Inmunología, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carlos Pastor-Vargas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Araceli Díaz-Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología Y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CBGP, UPM-INIA), 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Teresa García
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.); (E.G.-C.); (T.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Rosario Martín
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.); (E.G.-C.); (T.G.); (R.M.)
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Zeppieri M, Musa M. Beyond the Dusty Fog: Local Eye Drop Therapy and Potentially New Treatment Alternatives in Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma. Curr Med Chem 2023; 31:CMC-EPUB-135366. [PMID: 37855339 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673255220231010073215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG) is a type of secondary open-angle glaucoma characterized by the accumulation of whitish-gray material on the trabecular meshwork and lens, leading to an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) and optic nerve damage. Local eye drop therapy is one of the first-line treatments for PEG, which include prostaglandin analogues, beta-blockers, and alpha-adrenergic agonists to lower IOP. New treatments beyond conventional techniques, however, are constantly being developed. One potential treatment proposed for PEG is based on magnetic phage display, which involves using magnetic nanoparticles conjugated to specific peptides or proteins selected using phage display techniques to remove aggregates in the anterior chamber of the eye or inflammatory cells and cytokines that contribute to PEG pathogenesis. Other potential treatments include microRNAs (miRNAs) that are involved in the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcription stages. Gene therapies, nanotechnology, immunotherapy and methods based on stem cells can also be potentially used to target and treat specific tissues and cells responsible for regulating IOP. In addition, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), a non-invasive procedure that utilizes low-level laser therapy to improve cellular function and promote tissue repair, can prove an interesting alternative in treating PEG. The aim of our mini-review is to provide a brief overview of these innovative methods that appear to offer potentially promising treatment options for PEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mutali Musa
- Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin City 300238, Edo State, Nigeria
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D’Ercole C, De March M, Veggiani G, Oloketuyi S, Svigelj R, de Marco A. Biological Applications of Synthetic Binders Isolated from a Conceptually New Adhiron Library. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1533. [PMID: 37892215 PMCID: PMC10605594 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adhirons are small (10 kDa) synthetic ligands that might represent an alternative to antibody fragments and to alternative scaffolds such as DARPins or affibodies. METHODS We prepared a conceptionally new adhiron phage display library that allows the presence of cysteines in the hypervariable loops and successfully panned it against antigens possessing different characteristics. RESULTS We recovered binders specific for membrane epitopes of plant cells by panning the library directly against pea protoplasts and against soluble C-Reactive Protein and SpyCatcher, a small protein domain for which we failed to isolate binders using pre-immune nanobody libraries. The best binders had a binding constant in the low nM range, were produced easily in bacteria (average yields of 15 mg/L of culture) in combination with different tags, were stable, and had minimal aggregation propensity, independent of the presence or absence of cysteine residues in their loops. DISCUSSION The isolated adhirons were significantly stronger than those isolated previously from other libraries and as good as nanobodies recovered from a naïve library of comparable theoretical diversity. Moreover, they proved to be suitable reagents for ELISA, flow cytometry, the western blot, and also as capture elements in electrochemical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D’Ercole
- Lab of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska cesta 13, Rožna Dolina, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia; (C.D.); (M.D.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Matteo De March
- Lab of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska cesta 13, Rožna Dolina, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia; (C.D.); (M.D.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Gianluca Veggiani
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Sandra Oloketuyi
- Lab of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska cesta 13, Rožna Dolina, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia; (C.D.); (M.D.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Rossella Svigelj
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Ario de Marco
- Lab of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska cesta 13, Rožna Dolina, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia; (C.D.); (M.D.M.); (S.O.)
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Alteen MG, Meek RW, Kolappan S, Busmann JA, Cao J, O’Gara Z, Chou Y, Derda R, Davies GJ, Vocadlo DJ. Phage display uncovers a sequence motif that drives polypeptide binding to a conserved regulatory exosite of O-GlcNAc transferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303690120. [PMID: 37819980 PMCID: PMC10589721 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303690120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The modification of nucleocytoplasmic proteins by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important regulator of cell physiology. O-GlcNAc is installed on over a thousand proteins by just one enzyme, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). How OGT is regulated is therefore a topic of interest. To gain insight into these questions, we used OGT to perform phage display selection from an unbiased library of ~109 peptides of 15 amino acids in length. Following rounds of selection and deep mutational panning, we identified a high-fidelity peptide consensus sequence, [Y/F]-x-P-x-Y-x-[I/M/F], that drives peptide binding to OGT. Peptides containing this sequence bind to OGT in the high nanomolar to low micromolar range and inhibit OGT in a noncompetitive manner with low micromolar potencies. X-ray structural analyses of OGT in complex with a peptide containing this motif surprisingly revealed binding to an exosite proximal to the active site of OGT. This structure defines the detailed molecular basis driving peptide binding and explains the need for specific residues within the sequence motif. Analysis of the human proteome revealed this motif within 52 nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Collectively, these data suggest a mode of regulation of OGT by which polypeptides can bind to this exosite to cause allosteric inhibition of OGT through steric occlusion of its active site. We expect that these insights will drive improved understanding of the regulation of OGT within cells and enable the development of new chemical tools to exert fine control over OGT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Alteen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BCV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Richard W. Meek
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, YorkYO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Subramania Kolappan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BCV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jil A. Busmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BCV5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jessica Cao
- 48 Hour Discovery, Nanotechnology Research Centre, Edmonton, ABT6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Zoe O’Gara
- 48 Hour Discovery, Nanotechnology Research Centre, Edmonton, ABT6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Ying Chou
- 48 Hour Discovery, Nanotechnology Research Centre, Edmonton, ABT6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Ratmir Derda
- 48 Hour Discovery, Nanotechnology Research Centre, Edmonton, ABT6G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, ABT6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, YorkYO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BCV5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BCV5A 1S6, Canada
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Bertoglio F, Ko YP, Thomas S, Giordano L, Scommegna FR, Meier D, Polten S, Becker M, Arora S, Hust M, Höök M, Visai L. Antibodies to coagulase of Staphylococcus aureus crossreact to Efb and reveal different binding of shared fibrinogen binding repeats. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1221108. [PMID: 37828992 PMCID: PMC10565355 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1221108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus pathology is caused by a plethora of virulence factors able to combat multiple host defence mechanisms. Fibrinogen (Fg), a critical component in the host coagulation cascade, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this bacterium, as it is the target of numerous staphylococcal virulence proteins. Amongst its secreted virulence factors, coagulase (Coa) and Extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein (Efb) share common Fg binding motives and have been described to form a Fg shield around staphylococcal cells, thereby allowing efficient bacterial spreading, phagocytosis escape and evasion of host immune system responses. Targeting these proteins with monoclonal antibodies thus represents a new therapeutic option against S. aureus. To this end, here we report the selection and characterization of fully human, sequence-defined, monoclonal antibodies selected against the C-terminal of coagulase. Given the functional homology between Coa and Efb, we also investigated if the generated antibodies bound the two virulence factors. Thirteen unique antibodies were isolated from naïve antibodies gene libraries by antibody phage display. As anticipated, most of the selected antibodies showed cross-recognition of these two proteins and among them, four were able to block the interaction between Coa/Efb and Fg. Furthermore, our monoclonal antibodies could interact with the two main Fg binding repeats present at the C-terminal of Coa and distinguish them, suggesting the presence of two functionally different Fg-binding epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bertoglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), Unitá di Ricerca (UdR) Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- School of Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ya-Ping Ko
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sheila Thomas
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Liliana Giordano
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), Unitá di Ricerca (UdR) Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Scommegna
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), Unitá di Ricerca (UdR) Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Doris Meier
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Saskia Polten
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marlies Becker
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Srishtee Arora
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael Hust
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Magnus Höök
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), Unitá di Ricerca (UdR) Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio di Nanotecnologie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici (ICS) Maugeri, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Pavia, Italy
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Huang R, Warner Jenkins G, Kim Y, Stanfield RL, Singh A, Martinez-Yamout M, Kroon GJ, Torres JL, Jackson AM, Kelley A, Shaabani N, Zeng B, Bacica M, Chen W, Warner C, Radoicic J, Joh J, Dinali Perera K, Sang H, Kim T, Yao J, Zhao F, Sok D, Burton DR, Allen J, Harriman W, Mwangi W, Chung D, Teijaro JR, Ward AB, Dyson HJ, Wright PE, Wilson IA, Chang KO, McGregor D, Smider VV. The smallest functional antibody fragment: Ultralong CDR H3 antibody knob regions potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303455120. [PMID: 37722054 PMCID: PMC10523490 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303455120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cows produce antibodies with a disulfide-bonded antigen-binding domain embedded within ultralong heavy chain third complementarity determining regions. This "knob" domain is analogous to natural cysteine-rich peptides such as knottins in that it is small and stable but can accommodate diverse loops and disulfide bonding patterns. We immunized cattle with SARS-CoV-2 spike and found ultralong CDR H3 antibodies that could neutralize several viral variants at picomolar IC50 potencies in vitro and could protect from disease in vivo. The independent CDR H3 peptide knobs were expressed and maintained the properties of the parent antibodies. The knob interaction with SARS-CoV-2 spike was revealed by electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry and established ultralong CDR H3-derived knobs as the smallest known recombinant independent antigen-binding fragment. Unlike other vertebrate antibody fragments, these knobs are not reliant on the immunoglobulin domain and have potential as a new class of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Huang
- Applied Biomedical Science Institute, San Diego, CA92127
| | | | - Yunjeong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS66506
| | - Robyn L. Stanfield
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Amrinder Singh
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Maria Martinez-Yamout
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Gerard J. Kroon
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Jonathan L. Torres
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Abigail M. Jackson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Abigail Kelley
- Applied Biomedical Science Institute, San Diego, CA92127
| | - Namir Shaabani
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | | | | | - Wen Chen
- Ligand Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA92121
| | | | | | - Joongho Joh
- School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202
| | - Krishani Dinali Perera
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS66506
| | - Huldah Sang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS66506
| | - Tae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS66506
| | - Jianxiu Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS66506
| | - Fangzhu Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Devin Sok
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Jeff Allen
- Ligand Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA92121
| | | | - Waithaka Mwangi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS66506
| | - Donghoon Chung
- School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY40202
| | - John R. Teijaro
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - H. Jane Dyson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Peter E. Wright
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Kyeong-Ok Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS66506
| | | | - Vaughn V. Smider
- Applied Biomedical Science Institute, San Diego, CA92127
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
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Kim JW, Kim HJ, Heo K, Lee Y, Jang HJ, Lee HY, Park JW, Cho YB, Lee JH, Shin HG, Yang HR, Choi HL, Shim HB, Lee S. A novel bispecific antibody dual-targeting approach for enhanced neutralization against fast-evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1271508. [PMID: 37822941 PMCID: PMC10562541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1271508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has caused unprecedented health and socioeconomic crises, necessitating the immediate development of highly effective neutralizing antibodies. Despite recent advancements in anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived from convalescent patient samples, their efficacy against emerging variants has been limited. In this study, we present a novel dual-targeting strategy using bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) that specifically recognize both the SARS-CoV-2 RBD and fusion peptide (FP), crucial domains for viral attachment to the host cell membrane and fusion in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods Using phage display technology, we rapidly isolated FP-specific mAbs from an established human recombinant antibody library, identifying K107.1 with a nanomolar affinity for SARS-CoV-2 FP. Furthermore, we generated K203.A, a new bsAb built in immunoglobulin G4-(single-chain variable fragment)2 forms and demonstrating a high manufacturing yield and nanomolar affinity to both the RBD and FP, by fusing K102.1, our previously reported RBD-specific mAb, with K107.1. Results Our comprehensive in vitro functional analyses revealed that the K203.A bsAb significantly outperformed the parental RBD-specific mAb in terms of neutralization efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Furthermore, intravenous monotherapy with K203.A demonstrated potent in vivo neutralizing activity without significant in vivo toxicity in a mouse model infected with a SARS-CoV-2 variant. Conclusion These findings present a novel bsAb dual-targeting strategy, directed at SARS-CoV-2 RBD and FP, as an effective approach for rapid development and management against continuously evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Antibody Research Institute, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonwoo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Jeong Jang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Won Park
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Bin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Gyeong Shin
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Rim Yang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Lim Choi
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Bo Shim
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukmook Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Antibody Research Institute, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jo SJ, Kwon J, Kim SG, Lee SJ. The Biotechnological Application of Bacteriophages: What to Do and Where to Go in the Middle of the Post-Antibiotic Era. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2311. [PMID: 37764155 PMCID: PMC10534921 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amid the escalating challenges of antibiotic resistance, bacterial infections have emerged as a global threat. Bacteriophages (phages), viral entities capable of selectively infecting bacteria, are gaining momentum as promising alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Their distinctive attributes, including host specificity, inherent self-amplification, and potential synergy with antibiotics, render them compelling candidates. Phage engineering, a burgeoning discipline, involves the strategic modification of bacteriophages to enhance their therapeutic potential and broaden their applications. The integration of CRISPR-Cas systems facilitates precise genetic modifications, enabling phages to serve as carriers of functional genes/proteins, thereby enhancing diagnostics, drug delivery, and therapy. Phage engineering holds promise in transforming precision medicine, addressing antibiotic resistance, and advancing diverse applications. Emphasizing the profound therapeutic potential of phages, this review underscores their pivotal role in combatting bacterial diseases and highlights their significance in the post-antibiotic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Jo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kwon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan City 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, Seowon University, 377-3 Musimseoro, Seowon-gu, Cheong-ju City 28674, Republic of Korea
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Li Y, Yang KD, Kong DC, Ye JF. Advances in phage display based nano immunosensors for cholera toxin. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224397. [PMID: 37781379 PMCID: PMC10534012 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholera, a persistent global public health concern, continues to cause outbreaks in approximately 30 countries and territories this year. The imperative to safeguard water sources and food from Vibrio cholerae, the causative pathogen, remains urgent. The bacterium is mainly disseminated via ingestion of contaminated water or food. Despite the plate method's gold standard status for detection, its time-consuming nature, taking several days to provide results, remains a challenge. The emergence of novel virulence serotypes raises public health concerns, potentially compromising existing detection methods. Hence, exploiting Vibrio cholerae toxin testing holds promise due to its inherent stability. Immunobiosensors, leveraging antibody specificity and sensitivity, present formidable tools for detecting diverse small molecules, encompassing drugs, hormones, toxins, and environmental pollutants. This review explores cholera toxin detection, highlighting phage display-based nano immunosensors' potential. Engineered bacteriophages exhibit exceptional cholera toxin affinity, through specific antibody fragments or mimotopes, enabling precise quantification. This innovative approach promises to reshape cholera toxin detection, offering an alternative to animal-derived methods. Harnessing engineered bacteriophages aligns with ethical detection and emphasizes sensitivity and accuracy, a pivotal stride in the evolution of detection strategies. This review primarily introduces recent advancements in phage display-based nano immunosensors for cholera toxin, encompassing technical aspects, current challenges, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kai-di Yang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - De-cai Kong
- General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jun-feng Ye
- General Surgery Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Takeda H, Ozawa T, Zenke H, Ohnuki Y, Umeda Y, Zhou W, Tomoda H, Takechi A, Narita K, Shimizu T, Miyakawa T, Ito Y, Sawasaki T. VNAR development through antigen immunization of Japanese topeshark ( Hemitriakis japanica). Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1265582. [PMID: 37771574 PMCID: PMC10522858 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1265582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The VNAR (Variable New Antigen Receptor) is the smallest single-domain antibody derived from the variable domain of IgNAR of cartilaginous fishes. Despite its biomedical and diagnostic potential, research on VNAR has been limited due to the difficulties in obtaining and maintaining immune animals and the lack of research tools. In this study, we investigated the Japanese topeshark as a promising immune animal for the development of VNAR. This shark is an underutilized fishery resource readily available in East Asia coastal waters and can be safely handled without sharp teeth or venomous stingers. The administration of Venus fluorescent protein to Japanese topesharks markedly increased antigen-specific IgM and IgNAR antibodies in the blood. Both the phage-display library and the yeast-display library were constructed using RNA from immunized shark splenocytes. Each library was enriched by biopanning, and multiple antigen-specific VNARs were acquired. The obtained antibodies had affinities of 1 × 10-8 M order and showed high plasticity, retaining their binding activity even after high-temperature or reducing-agent treatment. The dissociation rate of a low-affinity VNAR was significantly improved via dimerization. These results demonstrate the potential utility of the Japanese topeshark for the development of VNAR. Furthermore, we conducted deep sequencing analysis to reveal the quantitative changes in the CDR3-coding sequences, revealing distinct enrichment bias between libraries. VNARs that were primarily enriched in the phage display had CDR3 coding sequences with fewer E. coli rare codons, suggesting translation machinery on the selection and enrichment process during biopanning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Center for Advanced Antibody Drug Development, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Zenke
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Yoh Ohnuki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuri Umeda
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Wei Zhou
- Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Honoka Tomoda
- Fisheries Research Center, Ehime Research Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Iyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takechi
- Fisheries Research Center, Ehime Research Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Iyo, Japan
| | - Kimiyoshi Narita
- Fisheries Research Center, Ehime Research Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Iyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Shimizu
- Fisheries Research Center, Ehime Research Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Iyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Cabanillas-Bernal O, Valdovinos-Navarro BJ, Cervantes-Luevano KE, Sanchez-Campos N, Licea-Navarro AF. Unleashing the power of shark variable single domains (VNARs): broadly neutralizing tools for combating SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257042. [PMID: 37753081 PMCID: PMC10518403 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) generated a joint global effort to develop vaccines and other treatments that could mitigate the negative effects and the rapid spread of the virus. Single-domain antibodies derived from various sources, including cartilaginous fish, camelids, and humans, have gained attention as promising therapeutic tools against coronavirus disease 2019. Shark-derived variable new antigen receptors (VNARs) have emerged as the smallest naturally occurring antigen-binding molecules. Here, we compile and review recent published studies on VNARs with the capacity to recognize and/or neutralize SARS-CoV-2. We found a close balance between the use of natural immune libraries and synthetic VNAR libraries for the screening against SARS-CoV-2, with phage display being the preferred display technology for the selection of VNARs against this virus. In addition, we discuss potential modifications and engineering strategies employed to improve the neutralization potential of VNARs, such as exploring fusion with the Fc domain of human Immunoglobulin G (IgG) to increase avidity and therapeutic potential. This research highlights the potential of VNARs as powerful molecular tools in the fight against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alexei F. Licea-Navarro
- Biomedical Innovation Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada, (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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Gao Y, Wang R, Liu L, Feng S, Xi X, Yu W, Gu Y, Wang Y. Identification and characterization of shark VNARs targeting the Helicobacter pylori adhesin HpaA. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2023; 51:509-519. [PMID: 37695066 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2255635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is recognized as a pathogen associated with several gastrointestinal diseases. The current treatments exhibit numerous drawbacks, including antibiotic resistance. H. pylori can adhere to and colonize the gastric mucosa through H. pylori adhesin A (HpaA), and antibodies against HpaA may be an effective therapeutic approach. The variable domain of immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (VNAR) is a novel type of single-domain antibody with a small size, good stability, and easy manufacturability. This study isolated VNARs against HpaA from an immune shark VNAR phage display library. The VNARs can bind both recombinant and native HpaA proteins. The VNARs, 2A2 and 3D6, showed high binding affinities to HpaA with different epitopes. Furthermore, homodimeric bivalent VNARs, biNb-2A2 and biNb-3D6, were constructed to enhance the binding affinity. The biNb-2A2 and biNb-3D6 had excellent stability at gastrointestinal pH conditions. Finally, a sandwich ELISA assay was developed to quantify the HpaA protein using BiNb-2A2 as the capture antibody and BiNb-3D6 as the detection antibody. This study provides a potential foundation for novel alternative approaches to treatment or diagnostics applications of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Gao
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Ruihong Wang
- The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Shitao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhi Xi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Wengong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Yuchao Gu
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Ye Wang
- The Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R. China
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50
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Garcia-Calvo E, García-García A, Rodríguez S, Takkinen K, Martín R, García T. Production and Characterization of Novel Fabs Generated from Different Phage Display Libraries as Probes for Immunoassays for Gluten Detection in Food. Foods 2023; 12:3274. [PMID: 37685207 PMCID: PMC10486584 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gluten is the main fraction of wheat proteins. It is widely used in the food industry because of the properties that are generated in the dough, but it is also able to trigger diseases like allergies, autoimmunity processes (such as celiac disease), and intolerances in sensitized persons. The most effective therapy for these diseases is the total avoidance of gluten in the diet because it not only prevents damage but also enhances tissue healing. To ensure the absence of gluten in food products labeled as gluten-free, accurate detection systems, like immunoassays, are required. In this work, four recombinant Fab antibody fragments, selected by phage display technology, were produced and tested for specificity and accuracy against gluten in experimental flour mixtures and commercial food products. A high-affinity probe (Fab-C) was identified and characterized. An indirect ELISA test was developed based on Fab-C that complied with the legal detection limits and could be applied in the assessment of gluten-free diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Garcia-Calvo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-C.); (S.R.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Aina García-García
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-C.); (S.R.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Santiago Rodríguez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-C.); (S.R.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Kristiina Takkinen
- Biosensors Team, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Rosario Martín
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-C.); (S.R.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Teresa García
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-C.); (S.R.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
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