1
|
Gornakova AS, Kabirova DB, Korneva A, Straumal B, Imayev MF, Kuzmin A, Czaja P, Afonikova NS, Orlov VI, Nekrasov AN, Khayretdinov NF, Davdian G. Effect of High-Pressure Torsion on Phase Formation and Mechanical Properties of a High-Entropy TiZrHfMoCrCo Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7558. [PMID: 38138700 PMCID: PMC10744940 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This investigation delved into the alterations in the mechanical properties of a TiZrHfMoCrCo high-entropy alloy due to phase transformations induced by high-pressure torsion (HPT). The alloy's genesis involved levitation melting within an argon atmosphere, presenting two distinct states for analysis: the initial, post-manufacturing state and the state subsequent to HPT treatment. The original alloy featured a composition comprising a singular A2 phase with a bcc lattice and two Laves phases, C15 and C14. The HPT process triggered significant phase modifications: a retention of one C15 Laves phase and decomposition of the bcc phase into two distinct phases exhibiting different bcc lattice parameters. The HPT-induced effect prominently manifests as strong grain refinement. However, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations unveiled persistent inhomogeneities at a micron scale both before and after HPT treatment. Thus, grain refinement occurs separately within each of the bcc and Laves phases, visible in the light, dark, and gray areas in SEM images, while mixing does not occur on the scale of several microns. The examination of Ti, Cr, Co, Zr, Mo, and Hf via X-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS) at specific K-edges and L3-edge revealed that the HPT treatment conserves the local atomic environment of metal atoms, albeit with a slight elevation in static disorder. Assessments through microhardness and three-point bending tests demonstrated the material's inherent hardness and brittleness. The microhardness, standing at a substantial value of 600 HV, displayed negligible augmentation post-HPT. However, the microhardness of individual phases exhibited a notable alteration, nearly doubling in magnitude.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena S. Gornakova
- Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Osipyan Str. 2, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.S.G.); (N.S.A.); (V.I.O.); (G.D.)
| | - Dilara B. Kabirova
- Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Stepan Khalturin Str. 39, 450001 Ufa, Russia; (D.B.K.); (M.F.I.); (N.F.K.)
| | - Anna Korneva
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta Str. 25, 30-059 Cracow, Poland; (A.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Boris Straumal
- Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Osipyan Str. 2, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.S.G.); (N.S.A.); (V.I.O.); (G.D.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Leninsky Avenue 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marcel F. Imayev
- Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Stepan Khalturin Str. 39, 450001 Ufa, Russia; (D.B.K.); (M.F.I.); (N.F.K.)
| | - Alexei Kuzmin
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga Str. 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Paweł Czaja
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta Str. 25, 30-059 Cracow, Poland; (A.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Natalia S. Afonikova
- Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Osipyan Str. 2, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.S.G.); (N.S.A.); (V.I.O.); (G.D.)
| | - Valeriy I. Orlov
- Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Osipyan Str. 2, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.S.G.); (N.S.A.); (V.I.O.); (G.D.)
| | - Alexei N. Nekrasov
- Korzhinskii Institute of Experimental Mineralogy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Osipyan Str. 4, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
| | - Nafis F. Khayretdinov
- Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Stepan Khalturin Str. 39, 450001 Ufa, Russia; (D.B.K.); (M.F.I.); (N.F.K.)
| | - Gregory Davdian
- Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Osipyan Str. 2, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.S.G.); (N.S.A.); (V.I.O.); (G.D.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Leninsky Avenue 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xia Y, Berry JM, Haataja MP. Classification and Simulation of Structural Phase Transformation-Induced Interfacial Defects in Group VI Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers. Nano Lett 2023; 23:9445-9450. [PMID: 37820381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphic 2D materials have recently emerged as promising candidates for use in nanoelectronic devices by way of their ability to undergo structural phase transformations induced by external fields. Under cyclic transformations, however, induced interfacial defects may proliferate and compromise the system properties. Herein, we first employ geometric analysis to classify such defects generated during the 2H ↔ 1T and 2H ↔ 1T' transformations in group VI transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers. Then, simulations of a mesoscale model with atomistic spatial resolution are conducted to assess the proliferation of such defects during cyclic 2H ↔ 1T transformations. It is shown that defect densities reach a steady state, with the 2H phase remaining more pristine than the 1T and 1T' states. We expect that the effects of these defects on the device performance are application-dependent and will require further inquiry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Joel M Berry
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Mikko P Haataja
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu Y, Picher M, Palluel M, Daro N, Freysz E, Stoleriu L, Enachescu C, Chastanet G, Banhart F. Laser-Driven Transient Phase Oscillations in Individual Spin Crossover Particles. Small 2023; 19:e2303701. [PMID: 37246252 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An unusual expansion dynamics of individual spin crossover nanoparticles is studied by ultrafast transmission electron microscopy. After exposure to nanosecond laser pulses, the particles exhibit considerable length oscillations during and after their expansion. The vibration period of 50-100 ns is of the same order of magnitude as the time that the particles need for a transition from the low-spin to the high-spin state. The observations are explained in Monte Carlo calculations using a model where elastic and thermal coupling between the molecules within a crystalline spin crossover particle govern the phase transition between the two spin states. The experimentally observed length oscillations are in agreement with the calculations, and it is shown that the system undergoes repeated transitions between the two spin states until relaxation in the high-spin state occurs due to energy dissipation. Spin crossover particles are therefore a unique system where a resonant transition between two phases occurs in a phase transformation of first order.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaowei Hu
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux UMR 7504, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Matthieu Picher
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux UMR 7504, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| | - Marlène Palluel
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP (ICMCB-UMR 5026), Pessac, 33600, France
| | - Nathalie Daro
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP (ICMCB-UMR 5026), Pessac, 33600, France
| | - Eric Freysz
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5798, LOMA, Talence cedex, 33405, France
| | - Laurentiu Stoleriu
- Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, 700506, Romania
| | - Cristian Enachescu
- Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, 700506, Romania
| | - Guillaume Chastanet
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP (ICMCB-UMR 5026), Pessac, 33600, France
| | - Florian Banhart
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux UMR 7504, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, Strasbourg, 67034, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liverić L, Holjevac Grgurić T, Mandić V, Chulist R. Influence of Manganese Content on Martensitic Transformation of Cu-Al-Mn-Ag Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5782. [PMID: 37687478 PMCID: PMC10488815 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The influence of manganese content on the formation of martensite structure and the final properties of a quaternary Cu-Al-Mn-Ag shape memory alloy (SMA) was investigated. Two alloys with designed compositions, Cu- 9%wt. Al- 16%wt. Mn- 2%wt. Ag and Cu- 9%wt. Al- 7%wt. Mn- 2%wt. Ag, were prepared in an electric arc furnace by melting of high-purity metals. As-cast and quenched microstructures were determined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy equipped with EDS. Phases were confirmed by high-energy synchrotron radiation and electron backscatter diffractions. Austenite and martensite transformations were followed by differential scanning calorimetry and hardness was determined using the Vickers hardness test. It was found that the addition of silver contributes to the formation of the martensite structure in the Cu-Al-Mn-SMA. In the alloy with 7%wt. of manganese, stable martensite is formed even in the as-cast state without additional heat treatment, while the alloy with 16%wt. of manganese martensite transforms only after thermal stabilization and quenching. Two types of martensite, β1' and γ1', are confirmed in the Cu-9Al-7Mn-2Ag specimen. The as-cast SMA with 7%wt. Mn showed significantly lower martensite transformation temperatures, Ms and Mf, in relation to the quenched alloy. With increasing manganese content, the Ms and Mf temperatures are shifted to higher values and the microhardness is lower.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lovro Liverić
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Vukovarska 58, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | | | - Vilko Mandić
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Robert Chulist
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymont Str., 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen S, Liu D, Fu L, Ni B, Chen Z, Knaus J, Sturm EV, Wang B, Haugen HJ, Yan H, Cölfen H, Li B. Formation of Amorphous Iron-Calcium Phosphate with High Stability. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2301422. [PMID: 37232047 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous iron-calcium phosphate (Fe-ACP) plays a vital role in the mechanical properties of teeth of some rodents, which are very hard, but its formation process and synthetic route remain unknown. Here, the synthesis and characterization of an iron-bearing amorphous calcium phosphate in the presence of ammonium iron citrate (AIC) are reported. The iron is distributed homogeneously on the nanometer scale in the resulting particles. The prepared Fe-ACP particles can be highly stable in aqueous media, including water, simulated body fluid, and acetate buffer solution (pH 4). In vitro study demonstrates that these particles have good biocompatibility and osteogenic properties. Subsequently, Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is utilized to consolidate the initial Fe-ACP powders. The results show that the hardness of the ceramics increases with the increase of iron content, but an excess of iron leads to a rapid decline in hardness. Calcium iron phosphate ceramics with a hardness of 4 GPa can be achieved, which is higher than that of human enamel. Furthermore, the ceramics composed of iron-calcium phosphates show enhanced acid resistance. This study provides a novel route to prepare Fe-ACP, and presents the potential role of Fe-ACP in biomineralization and as starting material to fabricate acid-resistant high-performance bioceramics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Dachuan Liu
- Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Le Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410017, P. R. China
| | - Bing Ni
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Zongkun Chen
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jennifer Knaus
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Elena V Sturm
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Section Crystallography, Department of Geo- and Environmental Sciences, Ludwigs-Maximilians-University Munich, Theresienstr. 41, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Bohan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410017, P. R. China
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1109 Blindern, Oslo, 0376, Norway
| | - Hongji Yan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 752 36, Sweden
- AIMES - Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Bin Li
- Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P.R.China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Haian Hospital of Nantong University, Haian,Nantong, Jiangsu, 226600, P.R.China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aly HA, El-Sayed Seleman MM, Bakkar A, Albaijan I, Ahmed MMZ, Ibrahim KM. Effect of Si Content on the Thermal Expansion of Ti15Mo(0-2 Si) Biomaterial Alloys during Different Heating Rates. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4768. [PMID: 37445083 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Thermal expansion measurements were used to characterize phase transformations in metastable β-Ti alloys (Ti15MoxSi) without and with various Si additions (where x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2 in wt.%) during linear heating at two heating rates of 5 and 10 °C/min up to 850 °C. For this study, five alloys were developed and examined in terms of their presence phases, microstructures, and starting and final transformation temperatures. According to the results, all of the as-cast samples primarily include an equiaxed β-Ti phase. The influence of phase transformation on the material dimensions was discussed and compared with the variations in Si contents. The transformation was investigated using a dilatometric technique for the developed alloys during continuous heating and cooling. The dilatometric curve of heating revealed two distinct reflection points as the heating temperature increased. The starting transformation temperature (Ts) to obtain the ω-phase was reported at 359 °C without Si addition; whereas the final transformation temperature (Tf) of the dissolution of α-phase was obtained at 572 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. At 2 wt.% Si, the first derivative curves reported Ts and Tf transforming temperatures of 314-565 °C (at a 5 °C/min heating rate) and 270-540 °C (at a 10 °C/min heating rate), respectively. The Ts and Tf transforming temperatures were significantly decreased with Si additions, which decreased the β-transus temperature. Moreover, the thermal expansion coefficient curves of the investigated alloys without and with 2 wt.% Si were studied. The transformation heating curves have an S-shaped pattern, according to the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayam A Aly
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez 43512, Egypt
- Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), P.O. Box 87, Helwan 11421, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M El-Sayed Seleman
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Suez 43512, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Bakkar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering at Al-Leith, Um Al-Qura University, Al-Lith 28434, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Albaijan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering at Al Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Z Ahmed
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering at Al Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled M Ibrahim
- Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), P.O. Box 87, Helwan 11421, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fu R, Pan J, Wang M, Min H, Dong H, Cai R, Sun Z, Xiong Y, Cui F, Lei SY, Chen S, Chen J, Sun L, Zhang Q, Xu F. In Situ Atomic-Scale Deciphering of Multiple Dynamic Phase Transformations and Reversible Sodium Storage in Ternary Metal Sulfide Anode. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37326660 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ternary metal sulfides (TMSs), endowed with the synergistic effect of their respective binary counterparts, hold great promise as anode candidates for boosting sodium storage performance. Their fundamental sodium storage mechanisms associated with dynamic structural evolution and reaction kinetics, however, have not been fully comprehended. To enhance the electrochemical performance of TMS anodes in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), it is of critical importance to gain a better mechanistic understanding of their dynamic electrochemical processes during live (de)sodiation cycling. Herein, taking BiSbS3 anode as a representative paradigm, its real-time sodium storage mechanisms down to the atomic scale during the (de)sodiation cycling are systematically elucidated through in situ transmission electron microscopy. Previously unexplored multiple phase transformations involving intercalation, two-step conversion, and two-step alloying reactions are explicitly revealed during sodiation, in which newly formed Na2BiSbS4 and Na2BiSb are respectively identified as intermediate phases of the conversion and alloying reactions. Impressively, the final sodiation products of Na6BiSb and Na2S can recover to the original BiSbS3 phase upon desodiation, and afterward, a reversible phase transformation can be established between BiSbS3 and Na6BiSb, where the BiSb as an individual phase (rather than respective Bi and Sb phases) participates in reactions. These findings are further verified by operando X-ray diffraction, density functional theory calculations, and electrochemical tests. Our work provides valuable insights into the mechanistic understanding of sodium storage mechanisms in TMS anodes and important implications for their performance optimization toward high-performance SIBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Fu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Wang
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihua Min
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanghang Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Cai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhefei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Xiong
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhan Cui
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Ying Lei
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangqiang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Litao Sun
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaobao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shirzad K, Viney C. A critical review on applications of the Avrami equation beyond materials science. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20230242. [PMID: 37340781 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) formalization, often referred to as the Avrami equation, was originally developed to describe the progress of phase transformations in material systems. Many other transformations in the life, physical and social sciences follow a similar pattern of nucleation and growth. The Avrami equation has been applied widely to modelling such phenomena, including COVID-19, regardless of whether they have a formal thermodynamic basis. We present here an analytical overview of such applications of the Avrami equation outside its conventional use, emphasizing examples from the life sciences. We discuss the similarities that at least partially justify the extended application of the model to such cases. We point out the limitations of such adoption; some are inherent to the model itself, and some are associated with the extended contexts. We also propose a reasoned justification for why the model performs well in many of these non-thermodynamic applications, even when some of its fundamental assumptions are not satisfied. In particular, we explore connections between the relatively accessible verbal and mathematical language of everyday nucleation- and growth-based phase transformations, represented by the Avrami equation, and the more challenging language of the classic SIR (susceptible-infected-removed) model in epidemiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Shirzad
- Graduate Program in Materials and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Christopher Viney
- Graduate Program in Materials and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, 95343, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang H, Zhang Y, Zhang A, Stein F, Xu Z, Tang Z, Ren D, Zeng J. The Mechanism of Dendrite Formation in a Solid-State Transformation of High Aluminum Fe-Al Alloys. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2691. [PMID: 37048985 PMCID: PMC10096059 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of solid-state dendrite formation in high-aluminum Fe-Al alloys is not clear. Applying an in-situ observation technique, the real-time formation and growth of FeAl solid-state dendrites during the eutectoid decomposition of the high-temperature phase Fe5Al8 is visualized. In-situ experiments by HT-CSLM reveal that proeutectoid FeAl usually does not preferentially nucleate at grain boundaries regardless of rapid or slow cooling conditions. The critical radii for generating morphological instability are 1.2 μm and 0.9 μm for slow and rapid cooling, respectively. The morphology after both slow and rapid cooling exhibits dendrites, while there are differences in the size and critical instability radius Rc, which are attributed to the different supersaturation S and the number of protrusions l. The combination of crystallographic and thermodynamic analysis indicates that solid-state dendrites only exist on the hypoeutectoid side in high-aluminum Fe-Al alloys. A large number of lattice defects in the parent phase provides an additional driving force for nucleation, leading to coherent nucleation from the interior of the parent phase grains based on the orientation relationship {3¯30}Fe5Al8//{1¯10}FeAl, <111¯>Fe5Al8//<111¯>FeAl. The maximum release of misfit strain energy leads to the preferential growth of the primary arm of the nucleus along <111¯> {1¯10}. During the rapid cooling process, a large supersaturation is induced in the matrix, driving the Al atoms to undergo unstable uphill diffusion and causing variations in the concentration gradient as well as generating constitutional undercooling, ultimately leading to morphological instability and the growth of secondary arms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Frank Stein
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Zhengbing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Structural Materials and Thermo-Surface Processing, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530004, China
- Centre of Ecological Collaborative Innovation for Aluminium Industry in Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhichao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Dangjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jianmin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Structural Materials and Thermo-Surface Processing, Guangxi University, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530004, China
- Centre of Ecological Collaborative Innovation for Aluminium Industry in Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hirth JP, Xie D, Hirth G, Wang J. Recovery and facets for deformation twins in minerals and metals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215085120. [PMID: 36795750 PMCID: PMC9974503 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215085120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II and IV twins with irrational twin boundaries are studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy in two plagioclase crystals. The twin boundaries in these and in NiTi are found to relax to form rational facets separated by disconnections. The topological model (TM), amending the classical model, is required for a precise theoretical prediction of the orientation of the Type II/IV twin plane. Theoretical predictions also are presented for types I, III, V, and VI twins. The relaxation process that forms a faceted structure entails a separate prediction from the TM. Hence, faceting provides a difficult test for the TM. Analysis of the faceting by the TM is in excellent agreement with the observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongyue Xie
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE68588
- Materials Physics and Applications Division - Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (MPA-CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM87545
| | - Greg Hirth
- Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI02912
| | - Jian Wang
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE68588
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Z, Li S, Yang P, Fang X, Wen Q, Li M, Zhuang W, Wu J, Ying H. The effect of polymorphism on polymer properties: crystal structure, stability and polymerization of the short-chain bio-based nylon 52 monomer 1,5-pentanediamine oxalate. IUCrJ 2023; 10:52-65. [PMID: 36598502 PMCID: PMC9812218 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252522010442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The compound 1,5-pentanediamine (PDA) is prepared by biological methods using biomass as raw material. The salt of 1,5-pentanediamine oxalate (PDA-OXA) was used directly as the monomer for the preparation of a new bio-based nylon 52 material. High-performance polymer materials require initial high-quality monomers, and crystallization is an essential approach to preparing such a monomer. In this work, three crystal forms of PDA-OXA, the anhydrate, dihydrate and trihydrate, were found and the single crystals of two hydrates were obtained. Their crystal structures were determined using single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. The thermal behaviors were characterized by thermodynamic analysis, and the lattice energy was calculated to further explore the relationship between the thermal stability and crystal structure. Detailed computational calculations, Hirshfeld analyses and lattice energy calculations were performed to quantify both the contribution of intra- and intermolecular interactions to the supramolecular assembly, as well as the influence on the stability of the structure. The structure-property relationship between the PDA-OXA crystal forms was established. Moreover, the phase transformation mechanism between the crystalline forms of PDA-OXA has been established, and the control strategy of specific crystal forms was developed from the water activity-temperature phase diagram and relevant thermodynamic data. Finally, the influence of the polymorphism of the monomer and the polymerization methods on the properties of the polymer was investigated. The nylon 52 product obtained showed good appearance, high hardness and thermal stability, the polymer made using the anhydrate as the monomer has better thermodynamic properties than that prepared from the dihydrate, indicating practical industrial application prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Li
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Bio-Manufacture, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shushu Li
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Bio-Manufacture, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Yang
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Bio-Manufacture, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xincao Fang
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Bio-Manufacture, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingshi Wen
- Industrial Biotechnology Institute of Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Bio-Manufacture, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Bio-Manufacture, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinglan Wu
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Bio-Manufacture, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Bio-Manufacture, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gatina SA, Polyakova VV, Polyakov AV, Semenova IP. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of β-Titanium Ti-15Mo Alloy Produced by Combined Processing including ECAP-Conform and Drawing. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8666. [PMID: 36500162 PMCID: PMC9738178 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
At present, researchers pay great attention to the development of metastable β-titanium alloys. A task of current importance is the enhancement of their strength and fatigue properties. An efficient method for increasing the strength of such alloys could be severe plastic deformation. The object of this study was a medical metastable β-titanium alloy Ti-15Mo (ASTM F2066). The alloy in the (α + β) state was for the first time deformed by combined processing, including equal channel angular pressing-conform and drawing. Such processing enabled the production of long-length rods with a length of 1500 mm. The aim of the work was to study the effect of the combined processing on the alloy's microstructure and mechanical properties. An ultrafine-grained structure with an average size of structural elements less than 100 nm was obtained. At the same time, high strength and ductility (σuts = 1590 MPa, δ = 10%) were achieved, which led to a record increase in the endurance limit (σ-1 = 710 MPa) under tension-compression terms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A. Gatina
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Veronika V. Polyakova
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Polyakov
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Innovative Technologies, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Irina P. Semenova
- Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076 Ufa, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Krivchikov A, Andersson O, Korolyuk O, Kryvchikov O. Thermal Conductivity of Solid Triphenyl Phosphite. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238399. [PMID: 36500490 PMCID: PMC9739547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The thermal conductivity, κ, of solid triphenyl phosphite was measured by using the transient hot-wire method, and its temperature and pressure dependencies were analyzed to understand heat transfer processes in the solid polymorphic phases, as well as in the glass and the exotic glacial state. Phase transformations and the structural order of the phases are discussed, and a transitional pressure-temperature diagram of triphenyl phosphite is presented. The thermal conductivity of both the crystalline and disordered states is described within the theory of two-channel heat transfer by phonons and diffusons in dielectric solids. In the glass and glacial states, the weakly temperature-dependent (glass-like) κ is described well by the term associated with heat conduction of diffusons only, and it can be represented by an Arrhenius-type function. In the crystal phases, the strongly temperature-dependent (crystal-like) κ associated with heat transfer by phonons is weakened by significant heat transfer by diffusons, and the extent of the two contributions is reflected in the temperature dependence of κ. We find that the contribution of diffusons in the crystal phases depends on pressure in the same way as that in amorphous states, thus indicating that the same mechanism is responsible for this channel of heat transfer in crystals and amorphous states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Krivchikov
- B. Verkin Institute for Low-Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 47 Nauky Avenue, 61103 Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (O.A.)
| | - Ove Andersson
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (O.A.)
| | - Oksana Korolyuk
- B. Verkin Institute for Low-Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 47 Nauky Avenue, 61103 Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Oleksii Kryvchikov
- B. Verkin Institute for Low-Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 47 Nauky Avenue, 61103 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bueno SLA, Leonardi A, Kar N, Chatterjee K, Zhan X, Chen C, Wang Z, Engel M, Fung V, Skrabalak SE. Quinary, Senary, and Septenary High Entropy Alloy Nanoparticle Catalysts from Core@Shell Nanoparticles and the Significance of Intraparticle Heterogeneity. ACS Nano 2022; 16:18873-18885. [PMID: 36255141 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloidally prepared core@shell nanoparticles (NPs) were converted to monodisperse high entropy alloy (HEA) NPs by annealing, including quinary, senary, and septenary phases comprised of PdCuPtNi with Co, Ir, Rh, Fe, and/or Ru. Intraparticle heterogeneity, i.e., subdomains within individual NPs with different metal distributions, was observed for NPs containing Ir and Ru, with the phase stabilities of the HEAs studied by atomistic simulations. The quinary HEA NPs were found to be durable catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, with all but the PdCuPtNiIr NPs presenting better activities than commercial Pt. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for PdCuPtNiCo and PdCuPtNiIr surfaces (the two extremes in performance) found agreement with experiment by weighting the adsorption energy contributions by the probabilities of each active site based on their DFT energies. This finding highlights how intraparticle heterogeneity, which we show is likely overlooked in many systems due to analytical limitations, can be leveraged toward efficient catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L A Bueno
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University─Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
| | - Alberto Leonardi
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Facility, UKRI-Science and Technical Facility Council, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, OX11 0YJOxfordshire, U.K
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 3, 91058Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nabojit Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University─Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
| | - Kaustav Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University─Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
| | - Xun Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University─Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
| | - Changqiang Chen
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Michael Engel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 3, 91058Erlangen, Germany
| | - Victor Fung
- School of Computational Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Sara E Skrabalak
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University─Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rusakov VS, Kozlovskiy AL, Fadeev MS, Egizbek KB, Nazarova A, Kadyrzhanov KK, Shlimas DI, Zdorovets MV. Study of Phase Transformations and Hyperfine Interactions in Fe 3O 4 and Fe 3O 4@Au Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:4121. [PMID: 36500744 PMCID: PMC9738076 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study of iron oxide nanoparticles obtained by chemical coprecipitation, coated (Fe3O4@Au) and not coated (Fe3O4) with gold, which were subjected to thermal annealing. To characterize the nanoparticles under study, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Mössbauer spectroscopy on 57Fe nuclei were used, the combination of which made it possible to establish a sequence of phase transformations, changes in morphological and structural characteristics, as well as parameters of hyperfine interactions. During the studies, it was found that thermal annealing of nanoparticles leads to phase transformation processes in the following sequence: nonstoichiometric magnetite (Fe3-γO4) → maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) → hematite (α-Fe2O3), followed by structural ordering and coarsening of nanoparticles. It is shown that nanoparticles of nonstoichiometric magnetite with and without gold coating are in the superparamagnetic state with a slow relaxation rate. The magnetic anisotropy energy of nonstoichiometric magnetite is determined as a function of the annealing temperature. An estimate was made of the average size of the region of magnetic ordering of Fe atoms in nonstoichiometric magnetite, which is in good agreement with the data on the average sizes of nanoparticles determined by scanning electron microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Artem L. Kozlovskiy
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxim S. Fadeev
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamila B. Egizbek
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
| | - Assel Nazarova
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Kayrat K. Kadyrzhanov
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Dmitriy I. Shlimas
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxim V. Zdorovets
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Straumal P, Zavorotnev Y, Metlov L, Popova O. Distribution of Order Parameter in Solids under High Pressure Torsion. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:6970. [PMID: 36234311 PMCID: PMC9571175 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Severe plastic deformation (SPD) can lead to various phase transformations. High-pressure torsion (HPT) is one of the most important variants of SPD. In principle, HPT can continue almost indefinitely long, as long as the plungers are not destroyed. However, the number of defects in a material during HPT deformation cannot increase indefinitely. When the rate of defects production becomes equal to the rate of their annihilation, a steady state or dynamic equilibrium is reached. Unexplored is the issue of establishing equilibrium at the initial stage of plunger torsion, when there is an angular acceleration. The parameters of the steady state are described here using the idea of an order parameter in solids in the framework of Landau phenomenological theory and the Landau-Khalatnikov equation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Straumal
- Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri Zavorotnev
- Department of Complicated Dynamic Systems, Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering Named after A.A. Galkin, 83114 Donetsk, Ukraine
| | - Leonid Metlov
- Department of Complicated Dynamic Systems, Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering Named after A.A. Galkin, 83114 Donetsk, Ukraine
- Department of Nanophysics, Donetsk National University, 83001 Donetsk, Ukraine
| | - Olga Popova
- Department of Management and Financial and Economic Security, Donetsk National Technical University, 43024 Lutsk, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zdorovets MV, Borgekov DB, Zhumatayeva IZ, Kenzhina IE, Kozlovskiy AL. Synthesis, Properties and Photocatalytic Activity of CaTiO 3-Based Ceramics Doped with Lanthanum. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12132241. [PMID: 35808076 PMCID: PMC9268022 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the effect of lanthanum doping on the phase formation processes in ceramics based on CaTiO3, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the ceramics as photocatalysts for the decomposition of the organic dye Rhodamine B. The methods used were scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the morphological features of the synthesized ceramics, X-ray diffraction to determine the phase composition and structural parameters, and UV-Vis spectroscopy to determine the optical properties of the ceramics. During the experiments it was found that an increase in the lanthanum dopant concentration from 0.05 to 0.25 mol leads to the formation of the orthorhombic phase La0.3Ca0.7TiO3 and the displacement from the ceramic structure of the impurity phase TiO2, which presence is typical for the synthesized ceramics by solid-phase synthesis. On the basis of the data of the X-ray phase analysis the dynamics of phase transformations depending on concentration of lanthanum was established: CaTiO3/TiO2 → CaTiO3/La2TiO5 → CaTiO3/La0.3Ca0.7TiO3 → La0.3Ca0.7TiO3. During the determination of photocatalytic activity it was found that the formation of La0.3Ca0.7TiO3 phase leads to an increase in the decomposition rate as well as the degree of mineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V. Zdorovets
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov St., Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan; (M.V.Z.); (D.B.B.); (I.E.K.)
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpayev St., Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan;
- Department of Intelligent Information Technologies, Ural Federal University, 620075 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Daryn B. Borgekov
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov St., Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan; (M.V.Z.); (D.B.B.); (I.E.K.)
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpayev St., Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan;
| | - Inesh Z. Zhumatayeva
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpayev St., Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan;
| | - Inesh E. Kenzhina
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov St., Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan; (M.V.Z.); (D.B.B.); (I.E.K.)
- Department of General Physics, Satbayev University, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
| | - Artem L. Kozlovskiy
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov St., Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan; (M.V.Z.); (D.B.B.); (I.E.K.)
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpayev St., Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +7-702-441-3368
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Korneva A, Straumal B, Gornakova A, Kilmametov A, Gondek Ł, Lityńska-Dobrzyńska L, Chulist R, Pomorska M, Zięba P. Formation and Thermal Stability of the ω-Phase in Ti-Nb and Ti-Mo Alloys Subjected to HPT. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:4136. [PMID: 35744194 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the features of ω-phase formation and its thermal stability depending on the phase composition, alloying element and the grain size of the initial microstructure of Ti–Nb and Ti–Mo alloys subjected to high-pressure torsion (HPT) deformation. In the case of two-phase Ti–3wt.% Nb and Ti–20wt.% Nb alloys with different volume fractions of α- and β-phases, a complete β→ω phase transformation and partial α→ω transformation were found. The dependence of the α→ω transformation on the concentration of the alloying element was determined: the greater content of Nb in the α-phase, the lower the amount of ω-phase that was formed from it. In the case of single-phase Ti–Mo alloys, it was found that the amount of ω-phase formed from the coarse-grained β-phase of the Ti–18wt.% Mo alloy was less than the amount of the ω-phase formed from the fine α′-martensite of the Ti–2wt.% Mo alloy. This was despite the fact that the ω-phase is easier to form from the β-phase than from the α- or α′-phase. It is possible that the grain size of the microstructure also affected the phase transformation, namely, the fine martensitic plates more easily gain deformation and overcome the critical shear stresses necessary for the phase transformation. It was also found that the thermal stability of the ω-phase in the Ti–Nb and Ti–Mo alloys increased with the increasing concentration of Nb or Mo.
Collapse
|
19
|
Berguzinov A, Kozlovskiy A, Khametova AA, Shlimas DI. Synthesis, Phase Transformations and Strength Properties of Nanostructured (1 - x)ZrO 2 - xCeO 2 Composite Ceramics. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:1979. [PMID: 35745319 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the properties of nanostructured (1 − x)ZrO2 − xCeO2 composite ceramics, depending on the content of oxide components, as well as to establish the relationship between the phase composition of ceramics and strength properties. The choice of (1− x)ZrO2 − xCeO2 composite ceramics as objects of study is due to the great prospects for using them as the basis for inert matrix materials for nuclear dispersed fuel, which can replace traditional uranium fuel in high-temperature nuclear reactors. Using X-ray diffraction, it was found that the variation of the oxide components leads to phase transformations of the Monoclinic-ZrO2 → Monoclinic − Zr0.98Ce0.02O2/Tetragonal − ZrO2 → Tetragonal − Zr0.85Ce0.15O2 → Tetragonal − ZrCeO4/Ce0.1Zr0.9O2 type. As a result of mechanical tests, it was found that the formation of tetragonal phases in the structure of ceramics leads to strengthening of ceramics and an increase in crack resistance, which is due not only to an increase in the crystallinity degree, but also to the effect of dislocation hardening associated with a decrease in grain size. It has been established that a change in the phase composition due to phase transformations and displacement of the ZrO2 phase from the ceramic structure with its transformation into the phase of partial replacement of Zr0.85Ce0.15O2 or Ce0.1Zr0.9O2 leads to the strengthening of ceramics by more than 3.5–4 times. The results of resistance to crack formation under single compression showed that the formation of the ZrCeO4 phase in the structure of ceramics leads to an increase in the resistance of ceramics to cracking by more than 2.5 times.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mazza AR, Lu Q, Hu G, Li H, Browning JF, Charlton TR, Brahlek M, Ganesh P, Ward TZ, Lee HN, Eres G. Reversible Hydrogen-Induced Phase Transformations in La 0.7Sr 0.3MnO 3 Thin Films Characterized by In Situ Neutron Reflectometry. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:10898-10906. [PMID: 35170955 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on the mechanism for hydrogen-induced topotactic phase transitions in perovskite (PV) oxides using La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 as a prototypical example. Hydrogenation starts with lattice expansion confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The strain- and oxygen-vacancy-mediated electron-phonon coupling in turn produces electronic structure changes that manifest through the appearance of a metal insulator transition accompanied by a sharp increase in resistivity. The ordering of initially randomly distributed oxygen vacancies produces a PV to brownmillerite phase (La0.7Sr0.3MnO2.5) transition. This phase transformation proceeds by the intercalation of oxygen vacancy planes confirmed by in situ XRD and neutron reflectometry (NR) measurements. Despite the prevailing picture that hydrogenation occurs by reaction with lattice oxygen, NR results are not consistent with deuterium (hydrogen) presence in the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 lattice at steady state. The film can reach a highly oxygen-deficient La0.7Sr0.3MnO2.1 metastable state that is reversible to the as-grown composition simply by annealing in air. Theoretical calculations confirm that hydrogenation-induced oxygen vacancy formation is energetically favorable in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3. The hydrogenation-driven changes of the oxygen sublattice periodicity and the electrical and magnetic properties similar to interface effects induced by oxygen-deficient cap layers persist despite hydrogen not being present in the lattice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro R Mazza
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Qiyang Lu
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Guoxiang Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Queens, New York 11367, United States
| | - Haoxiang Li
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - James F Browning
- Neutron Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Timothy R Charlton
- Neutron Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Matthew Brahlek
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Panchapakesan Ganesh
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Thomas Zac Ward
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ho Nyung Lee
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Gyula Eres
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim JY, Chae S, Jang W, Besford QA, Oh JY, Lee TI. Antioxidant Triggered Metallic 1T' Phase Transformations of Chemically Exfoliated Tungsten Disulfide (WS 2 ) Nanosheets. Small 2022; 18:e2107557. [PMID: 35146916 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing facile methods for inducing phase transformation between metallic and semiconducting 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials is crucial toward leveraging their use in cutting-edge energy devices. Herein, 2H-to-1T' phase transformations in chemically exfoliated Tungsten Disulfide (WS2 ) nanosheet films, triggered by antioxidants toward highly conductive 2D TMDC electrode materials, are introduced. It is found that antioxidants cause residual LiOx compounds to reduce to Li metal, subsequently inducing 1T' phase transformations in layered WS2 nanosheets, resulting in significantly enhanced conductivity across the overall films. Both thermoelectric devices and supercapacitors are fabricated utilizing the highly conductive 1T' phase WS2 nanosheet films as a working electrode, allowing for outstanding performance due to the increased conductivity of the WS2 nanosheet films. The method constitutes a facile approach toward the use of chemically exfoliated 1T' TMDC nanosheets for highly efficient energy device applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yeob Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seong-nam, Gyeonggi, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Soosang Chae
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Woosun Jang
- Center for Artificial Synesthesia Materials Discovery, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Quinn A Besford
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jin Young Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Il Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seong-nam, Gyeonggi, 13120, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Demange G, Patte R, Zapolsky H. Induced side-branching in smooth and faceted dendrites: theory and phase-field simulations. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2022; 380:20200304. [PMID: 34974723 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present work is devoted to the phenomenon of induced side branching stemming from the disruption of free dendrite growth. We postulate that the secondary branching instability can be triggered by the departure of the morphology of the dendrite from its steady state shape. Thence, the instability results from the thermodynamic trade-off between non monotonic variations of interface temperature, surface energy, kinetic anisotropy and interface velocity within the Gibbs-Thomson equation. For the purposes of illustration, the toy model of capillary anisotropy modulation is prospected both analytically and numerically by means of phase-field simulations. It is evidenced that side branching can befall both smooth and faceted dendrites, at a normal angle from the front tip which is specific to the nature of the capillary anisotropy shift applied. This article is part of the theme issue 'Transport phenomena in complex systems (part 2)'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Demange
- GPM, CNRS-UMR 6634, University of Rouen Normandy, Saint Étienne Du Rouvray 76801, France
| | - Renaud Patte
- GPM, CNRS-UMR 6634, University of Rouen Normandy, Saint Étienne Du Rouvray 76801, France
| | - Helena Zapolsky
- GPM, CNRS-UMR 6634, University of Rouen Normandy, Saint Étienne Du Rouvray 76801, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Alexandrov DV, Zubarev AY. Transport phenomena in complex systems (part 2). Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2022; 380:20210366. [PMID: 34974719 PMCID: PMC8771922 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2021.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This theme issue, in two parts, continues research studies of transport phenomena in complex media published in the first part (Alexandrov & Zubarev 2021 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 379, 20200301. (doi:10.1098/rsta.2020.0301)). The issue is concerned with theoretical, numerical and experimental investigations of nonlinear transport phenomena in heterogeneous and metastable materials of different nature, including biological systems. The papers are devoted to the new effects arising in such systems (e.g. pattern and microstructure formation in materials, impacts of external processes on their properties and evolution and so on). State-of-the-art methods of numerical simulations, stochastic analysis, nonlinear physics and experimental studies are presented in the collection of issue papers. This article is part of the theme issue 'Transport phenomena in complex systems (part 2)'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri V. Alexandrov
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russia
| | - Andrey Yu. Zubarev
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Albrecht A, Moszyński D. Nitriding and Denitriding of Nanocrystalline Iron System with Bimodal Crystallite Size Distribution. Materials (Basel) 2021; 15:143. [PMID: 35009287 PMCID: PMC8745962 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An artificially prepared nanocrystalline iron sample with bimodal crystallite size distribution was nitrided and denitrided in the NH3/H2 atmosphere at 350 °C and 400 °C. The sample was a 1:1 mass ratio mixture of two iron samples with mean crystallite sizes of 48 nm and 21 nm. Phase transformations between α-Fe, γ'-Fe4N and ε-Fe3-2N were observed by the in situ X-ray powder diffraction method. At selected steps of nitriding or denitriding, phase transformations paused at 50% of mass conversion and resumed after prominent variation of the nitriding atmosphere. This effect was attributed to the separation of phase transformations occurring between sets of iron crystallites of 48 nm and 21 nm, respectively. This was due to the Gibbs-Thomson effect, which establishes the dependence of phase transformation conditions on crystallite sizes.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bzowski K, Rauch Ł, Pietrzyk M, Kwiecień M, Muszka K. Numerical Modeling of Phase Transformations in Dual-Phase Steels Using Level Set and SSRVE Approaches. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14185363. [PMID: 34576587 PMCID: PMC8470693 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Development of a reliable model of phase transformations in steels presents significant challenges, not only metallurgical but also connected to numerical solutions and implementation. The model proposed in this paper is dedicated to austenitic transformation during heating and ferritic transformation during cooling. The goal was to find a solution which allows for the decreasing of computing time without noticeable decreasing the accuracy and reliability of the model. Proceedings to achieve this goal were twofold. Statistically Similar Representative Volume Element was used as a representation of the microstructure. It allowed for the reducing of the complexity of the computational domain. For the purpose of the model, carbon diffusion was assumed to be the main driving force for both transformations. A coupled finite element–level set method was used to describe growth of a new phase. The model was verified and validated by comparing the results with the experimental data. Numerical tests of the model were performed for the industrial intercritical annealing process.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
This review article summarizes the main outcomes following from recently developed theories of stable dendritic growth in undercooled one-component and binary melts. The nonlinear heat and mass transfer mechanisms that control the crystal growth process are connected with hydrodynamic flows (forced and natural convection), as well as with the non-local diffusion transport of dissolved impurities in the undercooled liquid phase. The main conclusions following from stability analysis, solvability and selection theories are presented. The sharp interface model and stability criteria for various crystallization conditions and crystalline symmetries met in actual practice are formulated and discussed. The review is also focused on the determination of the main process parameters-the tip velocity and diameter of dendritic crystals as functions of the melt undercooling, which define the structural states and transitions in materials science (e.g. monocrystalline-polycrystalline structures). Selection criteria of stable dendritic growth mode for conductive and convective heat and mass fluxes at the crystal surface are stitched together into a single criterion valid for an arbitrary undercooling. This article is part of the theme issue 'Transport phenomena in complex systems (part 1)'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri V Alexandrov
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620000, Russian Federation
| | - Peter K Galenko
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620000, Russian Federation
- Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Alexandrova IV, Alexandrov DV, Makoveeva EV. Ostwald ripening in the presence of simultaneous occurrence of various mass transfer mechanisms: an extension of the Lifshitz-Slyozov theory. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2021; 379:20200308. [PMID: 34275363 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Ostwald ripening stage of a phase transformation process with allowance for synchronous operation of various mass transfer mechanisms (volume diffusion and diffusion along the block boundaries and dislocations) and the initial condition for the particle-radius distribution function is theoretically studied. The initial condition is taken from the analytical solution describing the intermediate stage of a phase transition process. The present theory focuses on relaxation dynamics from the beginning of the ripening process to its final asymptotic state, which is described by the previously constructed theories (Slezov VV. et al. 1978 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 39, 705-709. (doi:10.1016/0022-3697(78)90002-1) and Alexandrov & Alexandrova 2020 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 378, 20190247. (doi:10.1098/rsta.2019.0247)). An evolutionary behaviour of particle growth rates dependent on various mass transfer mechanisms and time is analytically described. The boundaries of the transition layer, which surround the blocking point, are found. The fundamental and relaxation contributions to the particle-radius distribution function are derived for the simultaneous occurrence of various mass transfer mechanisms. The left branch of this function is shifted to smaller particle radii whereas its right branch extends to the right of the blocking point as compared with the asymptotic universal distribution function. The theory under consideration well agrees with experimental data. This article is part of the theme issue 'Transport phenomena in complex systems (part 1)'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Alexandrova
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri V Alexandrov
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russian Federation
| | - Eugenya V Makoveeva
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Alexandrov DV, Toropova LV, Titova EA, Kao A, Demange G, Galenko PK, Rettenmayr M. The shape of dendritic tips: a test of theory with computations and experiments. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2021; 379:20200326. [PMID: 34275356 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This article is devoted to the study of the tip shape of dendritic crystals grown from a supercooled liquid. The recently developed theory (Alexandrov & Galenko 2020 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 378, 20190243. (doi:10.1098/rsta.2019.0243)), which defines the shape function of dendrites, was tested against computational simulations and experimental data. For a detailed comparison, we performed calculations using two computational methods (phase-field and enthalpy-based methods), and also made a comparison with experimental data from various research groups. As a result, it is shown that the recently found shape function describes the tip region of dendritic crystals (at the crystal vertex and some distance from it) well. This article is part of the theme issue 'Transport phenomena in complex systems (part 1)'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri V Alexandrov
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russian Federation
| | - Liubov V Toropova
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Ural Mathematical Center, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russian Federation
- Otto-Schott-Institut für Materialforschung, Friedrich-Schiller- Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ekaterina A Titova
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Ural Mathematical Center, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russian Federation
| | - Andrew Kao
- Centre for Numerical Modelling and Process Analysis, University of Greenwich, Old Royal Naval College, Park Row, London SE10 9LS, UK
| | - Gilles Demange
- GPM, CNRS-UMR 6634, University of Rouen Normandy, 76801 Saint Étienne Du Rouvray, France
| | - Peter K Galenko
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russian Federation
- Otto-Schott-Institut für Materialforschung, Friedrich-Schiller- Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Rettenmayr
- Otto-Schott-Institut für Materialforschung, Friedrich-Schiller- Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Alexandrov DV, Zubarev AY. Transport phenomena in complex systems (part 1). Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2021; 379:20200301. [PMID: 34275361 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The issue, in two parts, is devoted to theoretical, computational and experimental studies of transport phenomena in various complex systems (in porous and composite media; systems with physical and chemical reactions and phase and structural transformations; in biological tissues and materials). Various types of these phenomena (heat and mass transfer; hydrodynamic and rheological effects; electromagnetic field propagation) are considered. Anomalous, relaxation and nonlinear transport, as well as transport induced by the impact of external fields and noise, is the focus of this issue. Modern methods of computational modelling, statistical physics and hydrodynamics, nonlinear dynamics and experimental methods are presented and discussed. Special attention is paid to transport phenomena in biological systems (such as haemodynamics in stenosed and thrombosed blood vessels magneto-induced heat generation and propagation in biological tissues, and anomalous transport in living cells) and to the development of a scientific background for progressive methods in cancer, heart attack and insult therapy (magnetic hyperthermia for cancer therapy, magnetically induced circulation flow in thrombosed blood vessels and non-contact determination of the local rate of blood flow in coronary arteries). The present issue includes works on the phenomenological study of transport processes, the derivation of a macroscopic governing equation on the basis of the analysis of a complicated internal reaction and the microscopic determination of macroscopic characteristics of the studied systems. This article is part of the theme issue 'Transport phenomena in complex systems (part 1)'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri V Alexandrov
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620000, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Yu Zubarev
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620000, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Origami, the ancient art of folding thin sheets, has attracted increasing attention for its practical value in diverse fields: architectural design, therapeutics, deployable space structures, medical stent design, antenna design and robotics. In this survey article, we highlight its suggestive value for the design of materials. At continuum level, the rules for constructing origami have direct analogues in the analysis of the microstructure of materials. At atomistic level, the structure of crystals, nanostructures, viruses and quasi-crystals all link to simplified methods of constructing origami. Underlying these linkages are basic physical scaling laws, the role of isometries, and the simplifying role of group theory. Non-discrete isometry groups suggest an unexpected framework for the design of novel materials. This article is part of the theme issue 'Topics in mathematical design of complex materials'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Liu
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - P. Plucinsky
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - F. Feng
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - R. D. James
- Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Veřtát P, Seiner H, Straka L, Klicpera M, Sozinov A, Fabelo O, Heczko O. Hysteretic structural changes within five-layered modulated 10M martensite of Ni-Mn-Ga(-Fe). J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:265404. [PMID: 33902013 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abfb8f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Modulated structure of Ni-Mn-Ga-based alloys is decisive in their magnetic shape memory (MSM) functionality. However, the precise nature of their five-layered modulated 10M martensite is still an open question. We used x-ray and neutron diffraction experiments on single crystals to investigate structural changes within 10M-modulated martensite of the Ni50Mn27Ga22Fe1MSM alloy. The modulation vector gradually increases upon cooling from commensurateq= (2/5)g110, whereg110is the reciprocal lattice vector, to incommensurate withqup to pseudo-commensurateq= (3/7)g110. Upon heating, reverse changes are observed with a thermal hysteresis of ≈60 K. The same hysteretic behaviour was detected in the electrical resistivity and the effective elastic modulus. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the changes are accompanied by the refinement of thea/blaminate. These observations indicate that the commensurate state is a metastable form of 10M martensite. Upon cooling, this phase evolves through nanotwinning into a more irregular and more stable incommensurate structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Veřtát
- FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Trojanova 13, 11519 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - H Seiner
- Institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 1402/8, 18200 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - L Straka
- FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - M Klicpera
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - A Sozinov
- Material Physics Laboratory, LUT University, Yliopistonkatu 34, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - O Fabelo
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - O Heczko
- FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Korneva A, Straumal B, Kilmametov A, Gornakova A, Wierzbicka-Miernik A, Lityńska-Dobrzyńska L, Chulist R, Gondek Ł, Cios G, Zięba P. Omega Phase Formation in Ti-3wt.%Nb Alloy Induced by High-Pressure Torsion. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:2262. [PMID: 33925626 PMCID: PMC8123906 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that severe plastic deformation not only leads to strong grain refinement and material strengthening but also can drive phase transformations. A study of the fundamentals of α → ω phase transformations induced by high-pressure torsion (HPT) in Ti-Nb-based alloys is presented in the current work. Before HPT, a Ti-3wt.%Nb alloy was annealed at two different temperatures in order to obtain the α-phase state with different amounts of niobium. X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied for the characterisation of phase transitions and evolution of the microstructure. A small amount of the β-phase was found in the initial states, which completely transformed into the ω-phase during the HPT process. During HPT, strong grain refinement in the α-phase took place, as did partial transformation of the α- into the ω-phase. Therefore, two kinds of ω-phase, each with different chemical composition, were obtained after HPT. The first one was formed from the β-phase, enriched in Nb, and the second one from the α-phase. It was also found that the transformation of the α-phase into the ω-phase depended on the Nb concentration in the α-Ti phase. The less Nb there was in the α-phase, the more of the α-phase was transformed into the ω-phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Korneva
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.W.-M.); (L.L.-D.); (R.C.); (P.Z.)
| | - Boris Straumal
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
- Scientific Center in Chernogolovka, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
| | - Askar Kilmametov
- Scientific Center in Chernogolovka, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
| | - Alena Gornakova
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
| | - Anna Wierzbicka-Miernik
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.W.-M.); (L.L.-D.); (R.C.); (P.Z.)
| | - Lidia Lityńska-Dobrzyńska
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.W.-M.); (L.L.-D.); (R.C.); (P.Z.)
| | - Robert Chulist
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.W.-M.); (L.L.-D.); (R.C.); (P.Z.)
| | - Łukasz Gondek
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Cios
- Academic Centre of Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Paweł Zięba
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.W.-M.); (L.L.-D.); (R.C.); (P.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Morawiec M, Wojtacha A, Opiela M. Kinetics of Austenite Phase Transformations in Newly-Developed 0.17C-2Mn-1Si-0.2Mo Forging Steel with Ti and V Microadditions. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14071698. [PMID: 33808308 PMCID: PMC8037314 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the results of phase transformation kinetics during continuous cooling in newly developed high strength low-alloy steel (HSLA). Initial theoretical calculations for the determination of heat treatment parameters were conducted. To determine the structural constituents formed due to the austenite decomposition the dilatometry approach was used. The material was cooled down from the austenitization temperature of 1000 °C with cooling rates between 0.1 °C/s to 60 °C/s. Then, light and scanning electron microscopy investigations were carried out. The microstructure after cooling at rates between 0.1 °C/s up to 1 °C/s is mainly ferritic with some fraction of granular bainite. Increasing the cooling rate led to formation of a higher fraction of bainitic ferrite. At 60 °C/s the microstructure was mainly bainite with some fraction of ferrite. To determine the presence of retained austenite, color etching using Klemm solution was used. The results show that the increase of cooling rate decreases the amount of retained austenite in the microstructure of the steel. Hardness measurements were made to determine the changes in the mechanical properties as a function of the cooling rate.
Collapse
|
34
|
Vida Á, Lábár J, Dankházi Z, Maksa Z, Molnár D, Varga LK, Kalácska S, Windisch M, Huhn G, Chinh NQ. A Sequence of Phase Transformations and Phases in NiCoFeCrGa High Entropy Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14051076. [PMID: 33669106 PMCID: PMC7956521 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation is directed to phase transitions in the equimolar NiCoFeCrGa high entropy alloy, which is a mixture of face-centered cubic (FCC) and body-centered cubic (BCC) crystalline phases. The microstructure of the samples was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS), transmission electron microscopy-based energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Based on the phases observed in different temperature ranges, a sequence of the phase transitions can be established, showing that in a realistic process, when freely cooling the sample with the furnace from high to room temperature, a microstructure having spinodal-like decomposition can also be expected. The elemental mapping and magnetic behaviors of this decomposed structure are also studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Vida
- Department of Industrial Materials Technology, Bay Zoltán Nonprofit Ltd. for Applied Research, Kondorfa u.1., H-1116 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.V.); (M.W.)
| | - János Lábár
- Department of Materials Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, P.O.B. 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary; (J.L.); (Z.D.); (Z.M.); (G.H.)
- Thin Films Physics Laboratory, Centre of Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege u. 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Dankházi
- Department of Materials Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, P.O.B. 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary; (J.L.); (Z.D.); (Z.M.); (G.H.)
| | - Zsolt Maksa
- Department of Materials Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, P.O.B. 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary; (J.L.); (Z.D.); (Z.M.); (G.H.)
| | - Dávid Molnár
- Materials Science Group, Dalarna University, SE-791-88 Falun, Sweden;
- Applied Materials Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100-44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lajos K. Varga
- Institute of Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Center for Physics, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly-Thege u. 29-33, Hungary;
| | - Szilvia Kalácska
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory of Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, 3602 Thun, Switzerland;
| | - Márk Windisch
- Department of Industrial Materials Technology, Bay Zoltán Nonprofit Ltd. for Applied Research, Kondorfa u.1., H-1116 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Gabriella Huhn
- Department of Materials Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, P.O.B. 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary; (J.L.); (Z.D.); (Z.M.); (G.H.)
| | - Nguyen Q. Chinh
- Department of Materials Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, P.O.B. 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary; (J.L.); (Z.D.); (Z.M.); (G.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1-372-2845
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Song Y, Pan Q, Lv H, Yang D, Qin Z, Zhang MY, Sun X, Liu XX. Ammonium-Ion Storage Using Electrodeposited Manganese Oxides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5718-5722. [PMID: 33320989 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
NH4 + ions as charge carriers show potential for aqueous rechargeable batteries. Studied here for the first time is the NH4 + -storage chemistry using electrodeposited manganese oxide (MnOx ). MnOx experiences morphology and phase transformations during charge/discharge in dilute ammonium acetate (NH4 Ac) electrolyte. The NH4 Ac concentration plays an important role in NH4 + storage for MnOx . The transformed MnOx with a layered structure delivers a high specific capacity (176 mAh g-1 ) at a current density of 0.5 A g-1 , and exhibits good cycling stability over 10 000 cycles in 0.5 M NH4 Ac, outperforming the state-of-the-art NH4 + hosting materials. Experimental results suggest a solid-solution behavior associated with NH4 + migration in layered MnOx . Spectroscopy studies and theoretical calculations show that the reversible NH4 + insertion/deinsertion is accompanied by hydrogen-bond formation/breaking between NH4 + and the MnOx layers. These findings provide a new prototype (i.e., layered MnOx ) for NH4 + -based energy storage and contributes to the fundamental understanding of the NH4 + -storage mechanism for metal oxides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, 3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping district, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Qing Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, 3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping district, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Huizhen Lv
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, 3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping district, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Duo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, 3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping district, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Zengming Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, 3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping district, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Ming-Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, 3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping district, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, 3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping district, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, 3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping district, Shenyang, 110819, China.,Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, 3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping district, Shenyang, 110819, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kozlovskiy A, Egizbek K, Zdorovets MV, Kadyrzhanov K. Fe 2O 3 Nanoparticles Doped with Gd: Phase Transformations as a Result of Thermal Annealing. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020457. [PMID: 33467192 PMCID: PMC7829694 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the effect of the phase composition of the synthesized Fe2O3-Gd2O3 nanoparticles on the efficiency of using magnetic hyperthermia as a basis for experiments. This class of structures is one of the most promising materials for biomedical applications and magnetic resonance imaging. In the course of the study, the dynamics of phase transformations of nanoparticles Fe2O3 → Fe2O3/GdFeO3 → GdFeO3 were established depending on the annealing temperature. It has been determined that the predominance of the GdFeO3 phase in the structure of nanoparticles leads to an increase in their size from 15 to 40 nm. However, during experiments to determine the resistance to degradation and corrosion, it was found that GdFeO3 nanoparticles have the highest corrosion resistance. During the hyperthermal tests, it was found that a change in the phase composition of nanoparticles, as well as their size, leads to an increase in the heating rate of nanoparticles, which can be further used for practical purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem Kozlovskiy
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev str. 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan; (K.E.); (M.V.Z.); (K.K.)
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov str. 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence:
| | - Kamila Egizbek
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev str. 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan; (K.E.); (M.V.Z.); (K.K.)
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov str. 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxim V. Zdorovets
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev str. 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan; (K.E.); (M.V.Z.); (K.K.)
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov str. 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
- Department of Intelligent Information Technologies, Ural Federal University, Mira str. 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Kayrat Kadyrzhanov
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev str. 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan; (K.E.); (M.V.Z.); (K.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Schindler I, Kawulok R, Opěla P, Kawulok P, Rusz S, Sojka J, Sauer M, Navrátil H, Pindor L. Effects of Austenitization Temperature and Pre-Deformation on CCT Diagrams of 23MnNiCrMo5-3 Steel. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13225116. [PMID: 33202789 PMCID: PMC7696398 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The combined effect of deformation temperature and strain value on the continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram of low-alloy steel with 0.23% C, 1.17% Mn, 0.79% Ni, 0.44% Cr, and 0.22% Mo was studied. The deformation temperature (identical to the austenitization temperature) was in the range suitable for the wire rolling mill. The applied compressive deformation corresponded to the true strain values in an unusually wide range. Based on the dilatometric tests and metallographic analyses, a total of five different CCT diagrams were constructed. Pre-deformation corresponding to the true strain of 0.35 or even 1.0 had no clear effect on the austenite decomposition kinetics at the austenitization temperature of 880 °C. During the long-lasting cooling, recrystallization and probably coarsening of the new austenitic grains occurred, which almost eliminated the influence of pre-deformation on the temperatures of the diffusion-controlled phase transformations. Decreasing the deformation temperature to 830 °C led to the significant acceleration of the austenite → ferrite and austenite → pearlite transformations due to the applied strain of 1.0 only in the region of the cooling rate between 3 and 35 °C·s-1. The kinetics of the bainitic or martensitic transformation remained practically unaffected by the pre-deformation. The acceleration of the diffusion-controlled phase transformations resulted from the formation of an austenitic microstructure with a mean grain size of about 4 µm. As the analysis of the stress-strain curves showed, the grain refinement was carried out by dynamic and metadynamic recrystallization. At low cooling rates, the effect of plastic deformation on the kinetics of phase transformations was indistinct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Schindler
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (P.O.); (P.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (H.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rostislav Kawulok
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (P.O.); (P.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (H.N.)
| | - Petr Opěla
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (P.O.); (P.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (H.N.)
| | - Petr Kawulok
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (P.O.); (P.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (H.N.)
| | - Stanislav Rusz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (P.O.); (P.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (H.N.)
| | - Jaroslav Sojka
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (P.O.); (P.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (H.N.)
| | - Michal Sauer
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (P.O.); (P.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (H.N.)
| | - Horymír Navrátil
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (P.O.); (P.K.); (S.R.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (H.N.)
| | - Lukáš Pindor
- Technology and Research, TŘINECKÉ ŽELEZÁRNY, a. s., Průmyslová 1000, 73961 Třinec, Czech Republic;
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang M, Ju J, Li J, Zhou Y, Lv H, Gao H, Wang J. The Formation Mechanism of a Self-Organized Periodic-Layered Structure at the Solid-(Cr, Fe) 2B/Liquid-Al Interface. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13173869. [PMID: 32887219 PMCID: PMC7503365 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A periodic-layered structure was observed in solid-(Cr, Fe)2B/liquid-Al diffusion couple at 750 °C. The interface morphology, the reaction products, and the potential formation mechanism of this periodic-layered structure were investigated using an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicate that the reaction between (Cr, Fe)2B and liquid Al is a diffusion-controlled process. The formation of intermetallics involves both the superficial dissolution of Fe and Cr atoms and the inward diffusion of Al at the interface. The layered structure, as characterized by various experimental techniques, is alternated by a single FeAl3 layer and a (FeAl3 + Cr3AlB4) dual-phase layer. A potential mechanism describing the formation process of this periodic-layered structure was proposed based on the diffusion kinetics based on the experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (M.W.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.L.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-Temperature Materials and Precision Forming, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiang Ju
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (M.W.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.L.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-Temperature Materials and Precision Forming, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (M.W.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.L.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-Temperature Materials and Precision Forming, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (M.W.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.L.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-Temperature Materials and Precision Forming, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haiyang Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (M.W.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.L.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-Temperature Materials and Precision Forming, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (M.W.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.L.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-Temperature Materials and Precision Forming, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (M.W.); (J.J.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.L.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-Temperature Materials and Precision Forming, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The present article is focused on the shapes of dendritic tips occurring in undercooled binary systems in the absence of convection. A circular/globular shape appears in limiting cases of small and large Péclet numbers. A parabolic/paraboloidal shape describes the tip regions of dendrites whereas a fractional power law defines a shape behind their tips in the case of low/moderate Péclet number. The parabolic/paraboloidal and fractional power law shapes are sewed together in the present work to describe the dendritic shape in a broader region adjacent to the dendritic tip. Such a generalized law is in good agreement with the parabolic/paraboloidal and fractional power laws of dendritic shapes. A special case of the angled dendrite is considered and analysed in addition. The obtained results are compared with previous experimental data and the results of numerical simulations on dendritic growth. This article is part of the theme issue 'Patterns in soft and biological matters'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri V. Alexandrov
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russian Federation
| | - Peter K. Galenko
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russian Federation
- Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
A nonlinear problem with two moving boundaries of the phase transition, which describes the process of directional crystallization in the presence of a quasi-equilibrium two-phase layer, is solved analytically for the steady-state process. The exact analytical solution in a two-phase layer is found in a parametric form (the solid phase fraction plays the role of this parameter) with allowance for possible changes in the density of the liquid phase accordingly to a linearized equation of state and arbitrary value of the solid fraction at the boundary between the two-phase and solid layers. Namely, the solute concentration, temperature, solid fraction in the mushy layer, liquid and solid phases, mushy layer thickness and its velocity are found analytically. The theory under consideration is in good agreement with experimental data. The obtained solutions have great potential applications in analysing similar processes with a two-phase layer met in materials science, geophysics, biophysics and medical physics, where the directional crystallization processes with a quasi-equilibrium mushy layer can occur. This article is part of the theme issue 'Patterns in soft and biological matters'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina G. Nizovtseva
- Physikalisch-Astronomische Fakultät, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
- e-mail:
| | - Dmitri V. Alexandrov
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Laboratory of Multi-Scale Mathematical Modeling, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620000, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Alexandrov DV, Alexandrova IV. From nucleation and coarsening to coalescence in metastable liquids. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 378:20190247. [PMID: 32279640 PMCID: PMC7202768 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The transition of a metastable liquid (supersaturated solution or supercooled melt) occurring from the intermediate stage (where the crystals nucleate and grow) to the concluding stage (where the larger particles evolve at the expense of the dissolution of smaller particles) is theoretically described, with allowance for various mass transfer mechanisms (reaction on the interface surface, volume diffusion, grain-boundary diffusion, diffusion along the dislocations) arising at the stage of Ostwald ripening (coalescence). The initial distribution function (its 'tail') for the concluding stage (forming as a result of the evolution of a particulate assemblage during the intermediate stage) is taken into account to determine the particle-size distribution function at the stage of Ostwald ripening. This modified distribution function essentially differs from the universal Lifshitz-Slyozov (LS) solutions for several mass transfer mechanisms. Namely, its maximum lies below and is shifted to the left in comparison with the LS asymptotic distribution function. In addition, the right branch of the particle-size distribution lies above and is shifted to the right of the LS blocking point. It is shown that the initial 'tail' of the particle-size distribution function completely determines its behaviour at the concluding stage of Ostwald ripening. The present theory agrees well with experimental data. This article is part of the theme issue 'Patterns in soft and biological matters'.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ivanov AA, Alexandrov DV, Alexandrova IV. Dissolution of polydisperse ensembles of crystals in channels with a forced flow. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 378:20190246. [PMID: 32279642 PMCID: PMC7202765 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A non-stationary integro-differential model describing the dissolution of polydisperse ensembles of crystals in channels filled with flowing liquid is analysed. The particle-size distribution function, the particle flux through an arbitrary cross-section of the channel, the particle concentration profile, as well as the disappearance intensity of particles are found analytically. It is shown that a nonlinear behaviour of solutions is completely defined by the source term of particles introduced into the channel. In particular, the model approximately describes the processes of dissolution and transport of drug microcrystals to the target sites in a living organism, taking into account complex dissolution kinetics of drug particles. This article is part of the theme issue 'Patterns in soft and biological matters'.
Collapse
|
43
|
Alexandrov DV, Zubarev AY. Patterns in soft and biological matters. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 378:20200002. [PMID: 32279637 PMCID: PMC7202763 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The issue is devoted to theoretical, computer and experimental studies of internal heterogeneous patterns, their morphology and evolution in various soft physical systems-organic and inorganic materials (e.g. alloys, polymers, cell cultures, biological tissues as well as metastable and composite materials). The importance of these studies is determined by the significant role of internal structures on the macroscopic properties and behaviour of natural and manufactured tissues and materials. Modern methods of computer modelling, statistical physics, heat and mass transfer, statistical hydrodynamics, nonlinear dynamics and experimental methods are presented and discussed. Non-equilibrium patterns which appear during macroscopic transport and hydrodynamic flow, chemical reactions, external physical fields (magnetic, electrical, thermal and hydrodynamic) and the impact of external noise on pattern evolution are the foci of this issue. Special attention is paid to pattern formation in biological systems (such as drug transport, hydrodynamic patterns in blood and pattern dynamics in protein and insulin crystals) and to the development of a scientific background for progressive methods of cancer and insult therapy (magnetic hyperthermia for cancer therapy; magnetically induced drug delivery in thrombosed blood vessels). The present issue includes works on pattern growth and their evolution in systems with complex internal structures, including stochastic dynamics, and the influence of internal structures on the external static, dynamic magnetic and mechanical properties of these systems. This article is part of the theme issue 'Patterns in soft and biological matters'.
Collapse
|
44
|
Barad C, Kimmel G, Hayun H, Shamir D, Hirshberg K, Gelbstein Y. Phase Stability of Nanocrystalline Grains of Rare-Earth Oxides (Sm 2O 3 and Eu 2O 3) Confined in Magnesia (MgO) Matrix. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E2201. [PMID: 32403413 PMCID: PMC7254195 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rare-earth (RE) oxides are important in myriad fields, including metallurgy, catalysis, and ceramics. However, the phase diagram of RE oxides in the nanoscale might differ from the phase diagrams for bulk, thus attracting attention nowadays. We suggest that grain size in the nanoscale also determines the obtained crystallographic phase along with temperature and pressure. For this purpose, nanoparticles of Sm2O3 and Eu2O3 were mixed in an inert MgO matrix via the sol-gel method. This preparation method allowed better isolation of the oxide particles, thus hindering the grain growth process associated with increasing the temperature. The mixed oxides were compared to pure oxides, which were heat-treated using two methods: gradual heating versus direct heating to the phase transition temperature. The cubic phase in pure oxides was preserved to a higher extent in the gradual heating treatment compared to the direct heating treatment. Additionally, in MgO, even a higher extent of the cubic phase was preserved at higher temperatures compared to the pure oxide, which transformed into the monoclinic phase at the same temperature in accordance with the phase diagram for bulk. This indicates that the cubic phase is the equilibrium phase for nanosized particles and is determined also by size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Barad
- The Unit of Energy Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel;
- NRCN, P.O. Box 9001, Beer-Sheva 84190, Israel;
| | - Giora Kimmel
- Institutes for Applied Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel;
| | - Hagay Hayun
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (H.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Dror Shamir
- NRCN, P.O. Box 9001, Beer-Sheva 84190, Israel;
| | - Kachal Hirshberg
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (H.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Yaniv Gelbstein
- The Unit of Energy Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel;
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (H.H.); (K.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kozlovskiy AL, Zhumatayeva IZ, Mustahieva D, Zdorovets MV. Phase Transformations and Photocatalytic Activity of Nanostructured Y 2O 3/TiO 2-Y 2TiO 5 Ceramic Such as Doped with Carbon Nanotubes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081943. [PMID: 32331375 PMCID: PMC7221757 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This work is devoted to the study of phase transition processes in nanostructured ceramics of the Y2O3/TiO2-Y2TiO5 type doped with carbon nanotubes as a result of thermal annealing, as well as to the assessment of the prospects of the effect of phase composition on photocatalytic activity. By the method of X-ray phase analysis, it was found that an increase in the annealing temperature leads to the formation of the orthorhombic phase Y2TiO5, as well as structural ordering. Based on the obtained UV spectra, the band gap was calculated, which varies from 2.9 eV (initial sample) to 2.1 eV (annealed at a temperature of 1000 °C). During photocatalytic tests, it was established that the synthesized nanostructured ceramics Y2O3/TiO2-Y2TiO5 doped CNTs show a fairly good photocatalytic activity in the range of 60–90% decomposition of methyl orange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem L. Kozlovskiy
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan; (I.Z.Z.); (D.M.); (M.V.Z.)
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
- Laboratory of Additive Technologies, Kazakh-Russian International University, Aktobe 030006, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+77024413368; Fax: +77024413368
| | - Inesh Z. Zhumatayeva
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan; (I.Z.Z.); (D.M.); (M.V.Z.)
| | - Dina Mustahieva
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan; (I.Z.Z.); (D.M.); (M.V.Z.)
| | - Maxim V. Zdorovets
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan; (I.Z.Z.); (D.M.); (M.V.Z.)
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
- Department of Intelligent Information Technologies, Ural Federal University, 620075 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen Z, Cai Z, Jiang X, Chen S, Huang Z, Sun H. Microstructure Evolution of Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-0.2W-0.2B-0.02Y Alloy during Long-Term Thermal Exposure. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13071638. [PMID: 32252227 PMCID: PMC7178304 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The hot-rolled alloy Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-0.2W-0.2B-0.02Y was exposed to 700 °C air for up to 10,000 h. The changes in microstructure were observed using scanning and transmission electron microscopies. It was found that the α2 laths, α2 + γ lamellae, and B2(ω) structure of the alloy showed thermodynamic instability. There were three types of phase transformation in the alloy during long-term thermal exposure. The first was α2 → γ, which occurs in the interior and boundary of the α2 + γ lamellae. The second was α2 + γ → B2(ω), which occurs on the α2 + γ boundary. In addition, B2(ω) also precipitates on the γ/γ interfaces. The third was B2(ω) → γ, which describes the precipitation of micron-scale γ phases in the B2(ω) area after thermal exposure of 5000 h. The volume fraction and size of the B2(ω) area and equiaxed γ grains continued to increase throughout the exposure process. Large-sized γ grains and a B2 area of tens of microns appeared in the microstructure after long-term thermal exposure. The volume fractions of the B2 area and the equiaxed γ grains after thermal exposure of 10,000 h reached 16.8% and 63.2%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; (Z.C.); (Z.C.); (X.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Zhengkun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; (Z.C.); (Z.C.); (X.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Xiaosong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; (Z.C.); (Z.C.); (X.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Song Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; (Z.C.); (Z.C.); (X.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Zewen Huang
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Hongliang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; (Z.C.); (Z.C.); (X.J.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Black SN, Wheatcroft HP, Roberts R, Jones MF, McFarlane I, Pettersen A. Cediranib Maleate-From Crystal Structure Toward Materials Control. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:1509-1518. [PMID: 31884015 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cediranib maleate is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in phase III of development within AstraZeneca's oncology portfolio. Analysis of the crystal structure of this API confirmed that the selected salt form was robust. The salt formation step had to be redesigned to avoid an unwanted metastable polymorph. A solvate with a twist appeared during later development and was avoided using insights gained from its crystal structure. Differences between predicted and experimental aspect ratios correlate with weaker crystal interactions. Acceptable variability in particle size was defined and accommodated. The "Matwall" is introduced as a tool for building control of API performance from the crystal structure upward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Black
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK; School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Helen P Wheatcroft
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK.
| | - Ron Roberts
- Global Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Martin F Jones
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Ian McFarlane
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield Campus, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Anna Pettersen
- Early Product Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Mölndal SE-43183, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mengucci P, Santecchia E, Gatto A, Bassoli E, Sola A, Sciancalepore C, Rutkowski B, Barucca G. Solid-State Phase Transformations in Thermally Treated Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Fabricated via Laser Powder Bed Fusion. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E2876. [PMID: 31489893 DOI: 10.3390/ma12182876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) technology was used to produce samples based on the Ti–6Al–4V alloy for biomedical applications. Solid-state phase transformations induced by thermal treatments were studied by neutron diffraction (ND), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Although, ND analysis is rather uncommon in such studies, this technique allowed evidencing the presence of retained β in α’ martensite of the as-produced (#AP) sample. The retained β was not detectable by XRD analysis, nor by STEM observations. Martensite contains a high number of defects, mainly dislocations, that anneal during the thermal treatment. Element diffusion and partitioning are the main mechanisms in the α ↔ β transformation that causes lattice expansion during heating and determines the final shape and size of phases. The retained β phase plays a key role in the α’ → β transformation kinetics.
Collapse
|
49
|
Kadyrzhanov KK, Egizbek K, Kozlovskiy AL, Zdorovets MV. Synthesis and Properties of Ferrite-Based Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:nano9081079. [PMID: 31357606 PMCID: PMC6722941 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The work is dedicated to the study of the structural and optical characteristics, as well as the phase transformations, of ferrite nanoparticles of CeO2-Fe2O3. To characterize the results obtained, the methods of scanning and transmission microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy were applied. It was found that the initial nanoparticles are polycrystalline structures based on cerium oxide with the presence of X-ray amorphous inclusions in the structure, which are characteristic of iron oxide. The study determined the dynamics of phase and structural transformations, as well as the appearance of a magnetic texture depending on the annealing temperature. According to the Mossbauer spectroscopy data, it has been established that a rise in the annealing temperature gives rise to an ordering of the magnetic properties and a decrease in the concentration of cationic and vacancy defects in the structure. During the life test of synthesized nanoparticles as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, the dependences of the cathode lifetime on the phase composition of nanoparticles were established. It is established that the appearance of a magnetic component in the structure result in a growth in the resource lifetime and the number of operating cycles. The results show the prospects of using these nanoparticles as the basis for lithium-ion batteries, and the simplicity of synthesis and the ability to control phase transformations opens up the possibility of scalable production of these nanoparticles for cathode materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayrat K Kadyrzhanov
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Kamila Egizbek
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
| | - Artem L Kozlovskiy
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan.
- Laboratory of Additive Technologies, Kazakh-Russian International University, Aktobe 030006, Kazakhstan.
| | - Maxim V Zdorovets
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010008, Kazakhstan.
- Laboratory of Solid State Physics, The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan.
- Department of Intelligent Information Technologies, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620075, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kondekar N, Boebinger MG, Tian M, Kirmani MH, McDowell MT. The Effect of Nickel on MoS 2 Growth Revealed with in Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS Nano 2019; 13:7117-7126. [PMID: 31117371 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
MoS2 has important applications in (electro)catalysis and as a semiconductor for electronic devices. Other chemical species are commonly added to MoS2 to increase catalytic activity or to alter electronic properties through substitutional or adsorption-based doping. While groundbreaking work has been devoted to determining the atomic-scale structure of MoS2 and other layered transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), there is a lack of understanding of the dynamic processes that govern the evolution of these materials during synthesis. Here, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) heating, in combination with larger length scale ex situ experiments, is used to investigate the effects of added Ni on the growth of MoS2 during the thermolysis of the solid-state (NH4)2MoS4 precursor. Low concentrations of Ni are observed to cause significant differences in the MoS2 crystallization and growth process, leading to an increase in MoS2 crystal size. This is likely a result of the altered mobility of interfaces between crystals during growth. These findings demonstrate the important role of additional elements in controlling the evolution of TMDCs during synthesis, which should be considered when designing these materials for a variety of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kondekar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Matthew G Boebinger
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Mengkun Tian
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Materials Characterization Facility , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Mohammad Hamza Kirmani
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Matthew T McDowell
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| |
Collapse
|