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Chen CY, Kuo HT, Hsu AY, Lin CJ, Hsia NY, Tien PT, Lai CT, Chen HS, Tsai YY. Prevalence of uveitis in syphilis patients in Taiwan. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2290836. [PMID: 38047718 PMCID: PMC10810637 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2290836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Few population-based studies have looked at the risk of uveitis among syphilis patients. Our study addresses the knowledge gap by reporting on uveitis risk in syphilis patients through a retrospective cohort study. The Taiwan National Health Insurance database was used for this study, covering the period from January 1st, 2009, to December 31st, 2020. We created a 1:4 propensity score matched cohort between the syphilis patients and controls, which accounted for gender, age, and comorbidities. The primary endpoint was the incidence of newly recorded uveitis. The assessment of uveitis risk in syphilis patients included the use of the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. A total of 31,597 syphilis patients and 126,379 matched comparisons were recruited. The uveitis incidence rate from our syphilis patients was 1.25 per 1000 person-years. The uveitis incidence rate from our non-syphilis group was 0.8 per 1000 person-years. After matching, the syphilis group was found to have a higher risk of developing uveitis (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) [95% CI]: 1.57 [1.36-1.81], P < .001). Among males and individuals aged 20-34 years, subgroup analysis showed an increased risk of uveitis in the presence of syphilis infection. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed a significant difference in uveitis incidence between syphilis and non-syphilis groups (log-rank test P < .001). In summary, our study revealed that Taiwanese syphilis patients were at a higher risk of developing uveitis. These results highlight the need for regular ocular monitoring and screening in individuals with syphilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yun Chen
- Department of General Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hou-Ting Kuo
- Department of General Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Alan Y. Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Yi Hsia
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Tai Tien
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Sheng Chen
- An-Shin Dialysis Center, NephroCare Ltd., Fresenius Medical Care, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yu Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Nguyen TT, Mai TN, Dang-Xuan S, Nguyen-Viet H, Unger F, Lee HS. Emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia in the period 2011-2022: a systematic literature review. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-15. [PMID: 38229485 PMCID: PMC10795789 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2300965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
As COVID-19 has shown, pandemics and outbreaks of emerging infections such as Zika, Nipah, monkeypox and antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, especially emerging zoonotic diseases, continue to occur and may even be increasing in Southeast Asia. In addition, these infections often result from environmental changes and human behaviour. Overall, public health surveillance to identify gaps in the literature and early warning signs are essential in this region. A systematic review investigated the prevalence of emerging zoonotic diseases over 11 years from 2011 to 2022 in Southeast Asia to understand the status of emerging zoonotic diseases, as well as to provide necessary actions for disease control and prevention in the region. During the 2011-2022 period, studies on pigs, poultry, ruminants, companion animals and wildlife in Southeast Asia were reviewed thoroughly to assess the quality of reporting items for inclusion in the systematic review. The review was performed on 26 studies of pigs, 6 studies of poultry, 21 studies of ruminants, 28 studies of companion animals and 25 studies of wildlife in Southeast Asia, which provide a snapshot of the prevalence of the emerging zoonotic disease across the country. The findings from the review showed that emerging zoonotic diseases were prevalent across the region and identified a few zoonotic diseases associated with poultry, mainly stemming from Cambodia and Vietnam, as high priority in Southeast Asia.Clinical relevance: Appropriate prevention and control measures should be taken to mitigate the emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Trung Nguyen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ngan Mai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sinh Dang-Xuan
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Nguyen-Viet
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Fred Unger
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hu Suk Lee
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for East and Southeast Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Nielsen MT, Hykkelbjerg Nielsen M, Andersen S, Riahi S, Geisler UW, Lynge Pedersen M, Albertsen N. Quality of care among patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation in Greenland. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2311965. [PMID: 38332615 PMCID: PMC10860410 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2311965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study sought to assess the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) diagnosis in Greenland among various age groups and examine the corresponding quality of care. We collected data from Greenland's electronic medical records and evaluated the quality of care using six internationally recommended indicators, which are: percentage of AF patients with an assessment of smoking status within the previous year, an assessment of body mass index within the previous year, assessment of blood pressure within the previous year, measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), treatment with an anticoagulant and percentage of patients with a measurement of serum-creatinine. We found the prevalence of AF among patients aged 20 years or older in Greenland to be 1.75% (95% CI 1.62-1.88). We found an increasing prevalence of AF with age and a greater proportion of men than women until the age of 74 years. Our study suggests that the associated quality of care could be higher as the requirement of only one of the six quality indicators was met. A lack of registration may partly explain this, and initiatives to improve the quality of care are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja Hykkelbjerg Nielsen
- Steno Diabetes Centre Greenland, Queen Ingrid’s Hospital, Nuuk, Greenland
- Greenland Centre for Health Research, Institute of Health and Nature, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stig Andersen
- Greenland Centre for Health Research, Institute of Health and Nature, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Sam Riahi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Michael Lynge Pedersen
- Steno Diabetes Centre Greenland, Queen Ingrid’s Hospital, Nuuk, Greenland
- Greenland Centre for Health Research, Institute of Health and Nature, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Nadja Albertsen
- Greenland Centre for Health Research, Institute of Health and Nature, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
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Patrick G, Mattia A, Melchor J, Leonard M, Quirindongo E, Sangha N, Long B, Grant N, Cruz V, Narayanan A“S, Chang M, Fleischer C. Systematic review of existing literature regarding the prevalence of pediatric atopic dermatitis in Honduras. JAAD Int 2024; 15:44-50. [PMID: 38371663 PMCID: PMC10869933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin condition, often multifactorial in origin, and most commonly manifests during childhood. Although there remains a deficit in literature, current data suggest Honduras may have the highest prevalence and severity of AD among all Latin American countries. Objective To assess the current prevalence of pediatric AD in Honduras and evaluate existing gaps in available literature to monitor disease burden. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed in March 2023. Articles were removed if they were published before 2007, were of the incorrect study design, or were focused on countries outside of Honduras. The articles were independently reviewed by 2 authors. Results The initial literature search yielded 174 studies, of which 7 met inclusion criteria. AD prevalence rates in children in Honduras ranged from 0.7% to 40.0%. Limitations Limitations include elements of study design, analytic methods, study populations, and limited articles. Conclusion There appears to be a disproportionately higher prevalence and disease burden of pediatric AD in Honduras. Future research should acquire accurate data to further understand the prevalence, incidence, and severity of AD in Honduras.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julian Melchor
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida
| | | | | | - Nicole Sangha
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Brittany Long
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida
| | | | - Victoria Cruz
- National Autonomous University of Honduras Medical College, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | | | - Meihmy Chang
- Universidad Católica de Honduras, San Pedro Sula, Honduras
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Sharma B, Bodh V, Sharma N, Sharma R, Sachdeva A, Gupta A, Kanga A, Sharma D, Chauhan A. Hepatitis B in Trans-Himalayan Tribal Population: High Prevalence, High Pediatric Burden, Virologic Patterns, and Implications for Public Health Interventions. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2024; 14:101336. [PMID: 38283704 PMCID: PMC10809090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2023.101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The prevalence of hepatitis B is higher in tribal populations, compared to non-tribal populations in India. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the risk factors, virological and biochemical profile of patients with hepatitis B in a tribal population. Methods This study analyzed data collected from a community-based project conducted in Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, from July 2015 to 2017. The study included adults and children inhabiting 40 cluster villages out of 82 villages in the subdivision. The blood samples were collected for liver panel, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), Anti-HBe antibody (anti-HBe Ab) and Hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV-DNA). Results HBsAg was positive in 23.08% of the population (968/4201), with a prevalence of 13.51% in children under 5 years of age. HBeAg positivity was seen in 22.4% of the participants, while anti-HBe Ab positivity was seen in 59.03% of the participants. HBeAg positive infection, HBeAg positive hepatitis, HBeAg negative hepatitis and HBeAg negative infection were seen in 18.06%, 1.98%, 6.17% and 74.01% of the participants, respectively. HBeAg positivity was highest in 2nd decade (40.83% vs 22% overall). Patients with HBeAg positivity exhibited higher levels of HBV DNA [1960 (IQR: 0-108) IU/ml vs 97.2 (IQR: 0-2090) IU/ml, P < 0.001] and alanine transaminase (ALT) [22.5 (IQR: 16-33) U/L vs 19 (IQR: 14-26) U/L, P = 0.003] levels compared to HBeAg negative patients. Conclusion This study shows a high prevalence of hepatitis B in tribal population, particularly among children under 5 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Vishal Bodh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Neetu Sharma
- Department of Physiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Rajesh Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Amit Sachdeva
- Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Anmol Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Anil Kanga
- Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Dikshant Sharma
- Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru Government Medical College, Chamba, India
| | - Ashish Chauhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
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Sanders KJV, Elbers RG, Bastiaanse LP, Echteld MA, Evenhuis HM, Festen DAM. Prevalence of swallowing difficulties and associated factors in older people with intellectual disabilities. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 2024; 37:e13209. [PMID: 38382915 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the prevalence of swallowing difficulties and associated factors in people with intellectual disability. METHODS We included people aged 50+ receiving care for people with intellectual disabilities. The Dysphagia Disorder Survey (DDS) was used to assess swallowing difficulties. We determined the agreement between the DDS and swallowing difficulties in medical records. We used logistic regression analyses to explore associated factors. RESULTS One thousand and fifty people were included. The prevalence of swallowing difficulties was 43.8%. Swallowing difficulties were not reported in the medical records of 83.3% of these cases. Frailty (odds ratio (OR) = 4.22, 95% CI = 2.05-8.71), mobility impairment (OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.01-6.19), and mealtime dependency (OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.10-8.47) were independently associated with swallowing difficulties. CONCLUSION Swallowing difficulties are prevalent in older people with intellectual disability but may be under-recognised. Frailty may be a good indicator for population-based screening for swallowing difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim J V Sanders
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Ipse de Bruggen, Zoetermeer, The Netherlands
| | - Roy G Elbers
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luc P Bastiaanse
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael A Echteld
- Prisma Foundation, Waalwijk, The Netherlands
- End of Life Care Research Group, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen M Evenhuis
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dederieke A M Festen
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Ipse de Bruggen, Zoetermeer, The Netherlands
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Kim HJ, Kim SY. Cervical enamel projections from a periodontal perspective: A scoping review. Clin Anat 2024; 37:353-365. [PMID: 38348736 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Cervical enamel projections (CEPs) represent a unique developmental and anatomical anomaly wherein the enamel structure extends apically beyond the cemento-enamel junction of the tooth. In this scoping review, the existing literature on CEPs was evaluated to delineate their characteristics, prevalence, predilection for specific teeth and surfaces, clinical significance, and management approaches. Searches were conducted on MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, and Embase databases using the keywords "enamel projection(s)" or "ectopic enamel." In total, 24 studies meeting inclusion criteria were included in the review. The prevalence of CEPs varied widely (8.3%-85.1%), predominantly manifesting as grade I or grade III. Mandibular first and second molars exhibited a higher incidence of CEPs, with a notable predilection for buccal surfaces. The consensus in most studies was that CEPs are associated with localized periodontal diseases. Recommendations inclined toward the removal of ectopic enamel during periodontal surgery to enhance periodontal attachment formation. However, decision-making should involve careful consideration of the benefits and drawbacks based on individual circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Kim
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Machado A, Sousa C, Cunha O. Bidirectional Violence in Intimate Relationships: A Systematic Review. Trauma Violence Abuse 2024; 25:1680-1694. [PMID: 37594220 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231193440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence is a public health problem with significant consequences at different levels. Over the years, the literature has shown that most violence is not unidirectional and perpetrated by men against women but rather bidirectional, in which both couple elements may be victims, perpetrators, or both. In this systematic literature review, we aimed to systematize the empirical knowledge to assess the prevalence of bidirectional violence, the most reported types of violence, and the influence of sex and sexual orientation on this phenomenon. The search for this systematic review was conducted in four databases, and we included studies that showed the prevalence of bidirectional violence in samples aged over 18 years, in articles written in English or Portuguese, and published between 2012 and 2022. In the qualitative synthesis, 42 empirical studies were included. The results showed that bidirectional violence is the most common pattern of violence, with psychological violence being the most reported type of bidirectional violence; men and women reported bidirectional violence at similar rates, and homosexual couples reported higher percentages of bidirectional violence than heterosexual couples. These results contradict the patriarchalist view of violence that assigns the exclusivity role of the victim to women and of the perpetrator to men, demonstrating that violence occurs regardless of sex or sexual orientation. The practical implications and future directions at the level of public policies to give visibility to the phenomenon will be duly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Machado
- Lusófona University, HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Portugal
| | | | - Olga Cunha
- Lusófona University, HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Portugal
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Whitten T, Tzoumakis S, Green MJ, Dean K. Global Prevalence of Childhood Exposure to Physical Violence within Domestic and Family Relationships in the General Population: A Systematic Review and Proportional Meta-Analysis. Trauma Violence Abuse 2024; 25:1411-1430. [PMID: 37300288 PMCID: PMC10913340 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231179133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to identify and prevent childhood exposure to physical violence within domestic and family relationships must be underpinned by reliable prevalence estimates to ensure the appropriate allocation of resources and benchmarks for assessing intervention efficacy. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence of childhood exposure to physical domestic and family violence separately as a victim or witness. Searches were conducted in Criminal Justice Abstracts, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, PsychInfo, and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they were peer-reviewed, published in English, had a representative sample, unweighted estimates, and were published between January 2010 and December 2022. One-hundred-and-sixteen studies comprising 56 independent samples were retained. Proportional meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the pooled prevalence for each exposure. Pooled prevalence estimates were also stratified by region and sex. The global pooled prevalence of childhood exposure to physical domestic and family violence as a victim or witness was 17.3% and 16.5%, respectively. Prevalence estimates were highest in West Asia and Africa (victim = 42.8%; witness = 38.3%) and lowest for the Developed Asia Pacific region (victim = 3.7%; witness = 5.4%). Males were 25% more likely than females to be the victim of physical domestic and family violence during childhood, while both were equally likely to have witnessed it. These findings suggest that childhood exposure to domestic and family violence is relatively common, affecting around one-in-six people by 18 years of age globally. Regional variations in prevalence estimates may reflect underlying economic conditions, cultural norms, and service availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson Whitten
- Center for Law and Justice, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Stacy Tzoumakis
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, QLD, Australia
| | - Melissa J. Green
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Kimberlie Dean
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Matraville, NSW, Australia
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Satwik R, Sinha D, Tiwari B. Prevalence of poor body image and its correlation with self-esteem and depression in middle-aged women. Climacteric 2024; 27:202-209. [PMID: 38231656 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2023.2297876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of poor body image and its influence on low self-esteem and depression in middle-aged women. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional survey of 372 women using a predesigned online questionnaire. Main outcome measures were mean scores on the nine-point body image scale (BIS) and prevalence of poor body image (BIS ≥ 10). Significant sociodemographic, physical and mental health predictors of BIS ≥ 10 were established using logistic regression analysis. Correlation of body image with self-esteem, assessed by Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, and depression, assessed by Beck's Depression Inventory, was established using Pearson's correlation coefficient and the odds ratios were determined using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The mean scores obtained for body image were 5.52 (standard deviation 4.82) and the prevalence of BIS ≥ 10 was 17.4%. Significant predictors of poor body image were education status (0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.39-0.89), body mass index (2.26, 95% CI = 1.12-4.55), social support structure (0.35, 95% CI = 0.16-0.79), diagnosis of mental illness (3.74, 95% CI = 1.31-10.66) and perception of menopause (positive vs. negative: 0.20, 95% CI = 0.07-0.55). Body image scores correlated with self-esteem (r = -0.46; 95% CI = -0.54 to -0.38) and depression (r = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.52-0.65). BIS ≥ 10 significantly increased the odds of low self-esteem (5.71; 95% CI = 2.66-12.26) and depression (11.25; 95% CI = 4.9-27.7). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of poor body image in middle-aged women was 17.4%. This strongly correlated with low self-esteem and depression. A lower education status, higher body mass index, a negative perception of menopause, poor social support structure and a history of mental health diagnosis increased the odds of poor body image prevalence in middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Satwik
- Centre of IVF and Human Reproduction, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - D Sinha
- Economics and Developmental Studies, School of Liberal Studies, Dr. B R Ambedkar University, New Delhi, India
| | - B Tiwari
- Clinical Psychology, Vikalp-Nayi Dishayein, New Delhi, India
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Coldevin M, Brænden A, Zeiner P, Øyen AS, Melinder A, Stubberud J. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder in a Norwegian Clinical Child Population. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 29:393-406. [PMID: 37208899 DOI: 10.1177/13591045231176928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder was included in DSM-5 to accommodate new research addressing aspects of emotional dysregulation in children suffering from disruptive behavior problems. Despite growing interest in Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, few studies have looked at prevalence rates in European clinical populations. The primary objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics associated with Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder in a Norwegian clinical sample. METHODS The present study assessed children 6-12 years of age referred to a mental health clinic for evaluation and treatment (N = 218, Mage = 9.6, 60.4% boys) and compared those who did and did not meet Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder diagnostic criteria. Diagnoses were determined using K-SADS-PL 2013. Associated difficulties at home and in school were measured by Achenbach Systems of Empirically Based Assessment battery. RESULTS In this clinical sample, 24% met the diagnostic criteria for Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder. Children with Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder were more likely than those without Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder to be male (77% vs. 55%, p = .008), be living in poverty, have multiple mental health diagnoses (79% vs. 53%, p = .001), and have lower global functioning levels as measured by Children's Global Assessment Scale (range 0-100, M = 47, SD = 8.5 vs. M = 57, SD = 11.4, p=<.001). Finally, parents and teachers of children with Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder reported lower overall competence and adaptive functioning, and higher total symptom load than children with other diagnoses. CONCLUSION Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder is highly prevalent in a Norwegian clinical sample and displays a high symptom load. Our results are in accordance with similar studies. Consistent findings across the world may support Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder as a valid diagnostic category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Coldevin
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astrid Brænden
- Oslo University Hospital, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Zeiner
- Oslo University Hospital, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Siri Øyen
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika Melinder
- Oslo University Hospital, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Stubberud
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Eberhard A, Mellhammar L. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in patients with suspected sepsis in an acute care setting in Skåne, Sweden: a cohort study. Infect Dis (Lond) 2024; 56:285-292. [PMID: 38163931 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2023.2299676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological data on extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales are most often based on microbiological laboratory isolates and do not consider important clinical data such as infection or colonisation, treatment, and outcome. This study aimed to assess prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales as the cause of infection in patients with suspected sepsis in the emergency department based on clinical data. It also examined the number of patients with suspected sepsis who had ESBL-producing pathogens, comparing estimates that were based on laboratory data versus a combination of laboratory and clinical data. METHODS Patients with suspected sepsis in the emergency department at Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden were included consecutively. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records. RESULTS Of the 764 included patients, 223 patients had growth of Enterobacterales in any specimen (i.e. colonisation or infection according to laboratory data), while 191 patients had Enterobacterales detected in the blood or in the suspected focus of infection (i.e. an infection according to clinical and laboratory data). Eighteen patients had ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in any clinical specimen, 11 of whom had an infection with ESBL-producing Enterobacterales, resulting in a prevalence of infections with ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in infected patients with suspected sepsis of 1.8%. The number of patients with ESBL-producing Enterobacterales was not significantly different when infection was defined using laboratory data alone versus a combination of laboratory and clinical data [18/223 (8.1%) vs 11/191 (5.8%), p = 0.36]. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales infections among patients with suspected sepsis is low in an acute care setting in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvid Eberhard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Mellhammar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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13
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Lauffer-Vogt SU, Hediger H, Lauener SK, Schubert M. [The use of the DOS and Delirium Prevalence: a quantitative longitudinal study at a Swiss-German central hospital]. Pflege 2024; 37:89-97. [PMID: 37997948 DOI: 10.1024/1012-5302/a000965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The use of the DOS and Delirium Prevalence: a quantitative longitudinal study at a Swiss-German central hospital Abstract: Background: With a prevalence of 12-64%, delirium is a common complication in acute care, associated with negative outcomes such as increased mortality and prolonged length of stay. Many hospitals have guidelines to improve the delirium management. The Delirium Observation Screening Scale (DOS) Score is collected in the study hospital from all patients ≥ 70 years at each shift for at least 3 days. Delirium is diagnosed by a physician and coded according to ICD-10. Purpose: Evaluation of the delirium screening with the DOS according to internal guideline in terms of number of DOS assessments performed, prevalence of delirium (DOS score ≥ 3 points, CD-10 code delirium). Method: This retrospective quantitative single-centre longitudinal study used 2017 and 2018 data of 10046 cases. Statistical analysis methods were used to analyse prevalence of delirium and subgroup comparisons. Results: At least one DOS score was documented in 92% of cases aged ≥ 70-years (n = 5038). DOS implementation varied between 60% in the early, 49% in the late and 38% in the night shift. The prevalence of delirium was 12% according to DOS score ≥ 3 and 4% according to physician diagnosis of a delirium. Cases with a DOS score ≥ 3 were significantly older, more often female, had more comorbidities and were depressed. Conclusions: DOS is performed in most patients when indicated. The DOS implementation frequency varied depending on the shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Urs Lauffer-Vogt
- Klinik für Plastische Chirurgie und Handchirurgie, Klinik für Traumatologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Hannele Hediger
- Institut für Pflege, Departement Gesundheit, Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften, Winterthur, Schweiz
| | - Susanne Knüppel Lauener
- Abteilung für Praxisentwicklung und Forschung Pflege/MTT, Medizinische Direktion, Universitätsspital Basel, Schweiz
| | - Maria Schubert
- Institut für Pflege, Departement Gesundheit, Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften, Winterthur, Schweiz
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Tolan MM, Choi JS, Tibesar MT, Adams ME. Cerumen impaction: Prevalence and associated factors in the United States population. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2024; 9:e1228. [PMID: 38525118 PMCID: PMC10958939 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the prevalence of cerumen impaction in a nationally representative sample of the US population and the association of cerumen impaction with sociodemographic factors, hearing loss, and tinnitus. Methods The cohort included 14,230 individuals aged ≥12 years who completed otoscopy and audiometry in NHANES (2005-2016). Cerumen impaction (partial/complete) was determined by otoscopy. Hearing level was defined by speech-frequency pure-tone average (PTA). Multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with cerumen impaction. Results The prevalence of any cerumen impaction was 18.6% [95% CI: 17.3%-19.9%] among individuals ≥12 years and 32.4% [29.9%-35.1%] among those ≥70 years. The prevalence of bilateral partial and complete cerumen impaction was 6.3% [5.6%-7.1%] and 1.2% [1.0%-1.9%], respectively. Any cerumen impaction was associated with male sex (OR 1.77 [1.5-2.1]), identifying as Black race (vs. Caucasian, OR: 1.78 [1.5-2.9]), lower level of education (OR: 0.84 [0.71-0.98]), and older age (OR: 1.02 [1.01-1.03]). After adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors, complete impaction was associated with increased PTA (right ear: β = 4.1 dB [2.4-5.8 dB], left ear: β = 1.9 dB [0.46-3.4 dB]), but not with tinnitus. Conclusions Cerumen impaction is highly prevalent in the US population, especially among older adults, and has disproportionate sociodemographic impacts. Complete impaction is associated with a small, statistically significant elevation in PTA, but there is no association with tinnitus. These findings emphasize the need to implement and disseminate best practices for ear hygiene and cerumen management broadly and equitably. Level of Evidence 2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie M. Tolan
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head & Neck SurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Janet S. Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head & Neck SurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Maria T. Tibesar
- University of North Dakota Medical SchoolGrand ForksNorth DakotaUSA
| | - Meredith E. Adams
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head & Neck SurgeryUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
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15
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Dacombe-Bird M, Dassanayake S, Beck S, Ribeiro DC, Nixon G, Bryant K, Stokes T, Wilkins G, Johnstone C, Dixon D, August S, Kennedy E. Musculoskeletal chest pain prevalence in emergency department presentations: A retrospective case notes review. Emerg Med Australas 2024; 36:302-309. [PMID: 38030390 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Musculoskeletal (MSK) causes of chest pain are considered common in emergency care, yet management is limited, reported outcomes are poor and prevalence data in New Zealand are lacking. The present study aims to estimate the prevalence of MSK chest pain in New Zealand EDs and describe the characteristics of MSK chest pain cases. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted based on de-identified clinical notes extracted from four hospitals within the South Island of New Zealand from 3 months spanning 1 March to 31 May 2021. Individual cases were categorised to the single best-fitting cause of chest pain using systems-based categorisation, based primarily on the doctors' documented final impression. RESULTS A total of 1344 cases were categorised in the present study. MSK chest pain had a prevalence of 15% (range 11-31%) of chest pain presentations across all study sites. This represented the second most common system responsible for chest pain, after the cardiovascular system. The mean age of MSK chest pain cases was 46.9 (standard deviation [SD] 19.1) years, compared to 55.5 (SD 19.7) years in all cases. Age and gender-specific data, data from rural hospitals and MSK sub-type data are presented. CONCLUSIONS These data provide a conservative estimate of MSK chest pain prevalence in EDs within the South Island of New Zealand. The findings highlight MSK chest pain as common in emergency care, providing a basis and justification for further research to improve management and outcomes for people with MSK chest pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moreton Dacombe-Bird
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Suranga Dassanayake
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sierra Beck
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Te Whatu Ora (Southern), Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Cury Ribeiro
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Garry Nixon
- Department of General Practice and Rural Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Katrina Bryant
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tim Stokes
- Department of General Practice and Rural Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gerard Wilkins
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Cardiology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Chris Johnstone
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Te Whatu Ora (Southern), Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David Dixon
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Te Whatu Ora (Southern), Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Ewan Kennedy
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Watanabe A, Tomioka Y, Okata Y, Yoshimura S, Kumode S, Iwabuchi S, Kameoka Y, Takanarita Y, Uemura K, Samejima Y, Kawasaki Y, Bitoh Y. Cholelithiasis prevalence and risk factors in individuals with severe or profound intellectual and motor disabilities. J Intellect Disabil Res 2024; 68:317-324. [PMID: 38183322 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and risk factors of cholelithiasis in individuals with severe or profound intellectual and motor disabilities (SPIMD) are poorly characterised. Thus, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk determinants of cholelithiasis in a cohort with SPIMD under medical care in a residential facility. METHODS We categorised 84 patients in a residential hospital for persons with SPIMD into groups: those with (Group CL) and without (Group N) cholelithiasis. Gallstones were detected via computed tomography, ultrasonography or both. We evaluated gastrostomy status, nutritional and respiratory support, constipation, and bladder and kidney stones. Data were significantly analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The prevalence rate of cholelithiasis in our SPIMD cohort was 27%. There were no significant differences in sex, age, weight, height, or Gross Motor Function Classification System between the two groups. However, more patients received enteral nutrition (39.13% vs. 6.56%; P = 0.000751) and were on ventilator support (56.52% vs. 19.67%; P = 0.00249) in Group CL than in Group N. Enteral nutrition [odds ratio (OR) 10.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.98-54.7] and ventilator support (OR 20.0, 95% CI 1.99-201.0) were identified as independent risk factors for the prevalence of cholelithiasis in patients with SPIMD. CONCLUSIONS Patients with SPIMD demonstrated an increased prevalence of cholelithiasis, with a notable association between nutritional tonic use and respiratory support. Therefore, to emphasise the need for proactive screening, it is crucial to devise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies specific to patients with SPIMD. Further investigation is essential to validate our findings and explore causative factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Watanabe
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Tomioka
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Okata
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - S Yoshimura
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - S Kumode
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - S Iwabuchi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Kameoka
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Takanarita
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Uemura
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Samejima
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Kawasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nikoniko House Kobe Medical and Welfare Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Bitoh
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Sethi V, Bassi S, Bahl D, Kumar A, Choedon T, Bhatia N, de Wagt A, Joe W, Arora M. Prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated demographic and health factors in India: Findings from Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS). Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13092. [PMID: 38326947 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity (5-9 years) in India is likely to contribute 11% to the global burden by 2030. METHODS Data from India's Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS, 2016-2018) was used to assess the prevalence and key associated factors of overweight and obesity. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to identify potential determinants associated with being overweight and obese. RESULTS Overweight prevalence (including obesity) varied from 1.6% (0-4 years) to 4.8% (10-19 years). The majority of states reported a higher proportion of adolescents overweight and obese, than younger age group 5-9 years. A significantly higher prevalence of children and adolescents with obesity was reported in higher wealth quintiles and residents of urban areas. The prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated demographic and health factors in India included: the presence of NCD risk factor (adolescents: 1.68, 95% CI [1.31-2.14]), micronutrient deficiency (5-9 years children: 1.72, 95% CI [1.30-2.28]), mother's education (5-9 years children: 4.84, 95% CI [2.92-8.03]; adolescents: 2.17, 95% CI [1.42-3.32]), wealth (adolescents: 1.92, 95% CI [1.16-3.19]), place of residence (5-9 years children: 1.68, 95% CI [1.39-2.03]; adolescents: 1.39, 95% CI [1.16-1.66]), child age (5-9 years children: 1.64, 95% CI [1.40-1.93], and screen-time (adolescents: 1.63, 95% CI [1.22-2.19]. CONCLUSION The findings set out policy and research recommendations to pave the path for curtailing the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity and achieving the World Health Assembly's Global Nutrition target of 'no increase in childhood overweight (Target 4) by 2025'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vani Sethi
- UNICEF-Regional Office for South Asia, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shalini Bassi
- Health Promotion Division, Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), New Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Bahl
- Health Promotion Division, Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Neena Bhatia
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Lady Irwin College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | - William Joe
- Institute of Economic Growth, New Delhi, India
| | - Monika Arora
- Health Promotion Division, Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI), New Delhi, India
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18
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Dias MO, Minagawa FH, Teixeira de Abreu AF, Barbosa MMC, de Amorim RP, Esposito ACC, Miot HA. Prevalence of facial melasma among adult women in a multiracial population. Int J Dermatol 2024; 63:e89-e91. [PMID: 38374526 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina O Dias
- Departamento de Dermatologia, UNESP Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mayla M C Barbosa
- Departamento de Dermatologia, UNESP Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana C C Esposito
- Departamento de Dermatologia, UNESP Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélio A Miot
- Departamento de Dermatologia, UNESP Medical School, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Pollock TS, Robert CA, Seybold DJ, Hur M, Broton A, Calhoun BC. Prevalence of hepatitis C among pregnant women in an Appalachian population. J Viral Hepat 2024; 31:216-218. [PMID: 38235917 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The opioid crisis has adversely affected West Virginia's pregnant and infant populations. With high rates of opioid use disorder and neonatal abstinence syndrome, West Virginia has the highest rates of Hepatitis C (HCV) acute infection among pregnant women. To better understand how HCV impacts an already high-risk population, the study purpose was to (1) describe its prevalence among women receiving prenatal care at a single tertiary care clinic in Appalachia and compare with state and national rates, and (2) determine whether it is associated with preterm birth (gestation <37 weeks). Data were collected on a retrospective cohort of pregnant patients universally screened for HCV between 2017 and 2021. The study cohort had an HCV infection rate of 119/988 = 11.94% or 119.4 per 1000. This is five times the rate of 22.6 per 1000 live births in West Virginia in 2014 and 35 times the national rate of 3.4 per 1000 live births (MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 66, 2017 and 470). Viral loads were detected in 63 (6.38%) of patients. The study cohort with birth outcome data had high rates of tobacco use (326/720; 45.3%) and substance abuse (209/720; 29.0%). The preterm birth rate was 17.8% (128/720), almost double the national average (10.09%) (Natl Vital Stat Rep 70, 2021 and 1). There was no statistically significant difference in preterm birth between HCV-positive (15/92; 16.3%) and HCV-negative (113/628; 18.0%) patients. HCV infection in our population presents a significant public health issue and missed opportunity for treatment in a population with continuity of care challenges. These findings could be used to justify a pilot program for early postpartum referral for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor S Pollock
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West Virginia University - Charleston Division, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, West Virginia, USA
| | - Chris A Robert
- CAMC Institute for Academic Medicine, Charleston, West Virginia, USA
| | - Dara J Seybold
- CAMC Institute for Academic Medicine, Charleston, West Virginia, USA
| | - Marisa Hur
- West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, West Virginia, USA
| | - Alina Broton
- West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, West Virginia, USA
| | - Byron C Calhoun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West Virginia University - Charleston Division, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, West Virginia, USA
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Yang K, Doege D, Thong MSY, Koch-Gallenkamp L, Weisser L, Bertram H, Eberle A, Holleczek B, Nennecke A, Waldmann A, Zeissig SR, Pritzkuleit R, Jansen L, Brenner H, Arndt V. Diabetes mellitus in long-term survivors with colorectal, breast, or prostate cancer: Prevalence and prognosis. A population-based study. Cancer 2024; 130:1158-1170. [PMID: 37996981 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer are at increased risk of diabetes mellitus (DM). Previous studies on the prevalence and prognostic impact of DM in cancer survivors were limited by small sample sizes or short follow-up times. We aimed to compare the patient-reported prevalence of DM in long-term cancer survivors (LTCS), who survived 5 years or more after cancer diagnosis, with that in cancer-free controls, and to estimate the mortality risk among LTCS according to DM status. METHODS Our population-based cohort comprised 6952 LTCS diagnosed with breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer between 1994 and 2004, recruited in 2008-2011 (baseline), and followed until 2019. A total of 1828 cancer-free individuals served as controls. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare the prevalence of DM in LTCS and controls, and according to covariates at baseline. Mortality among LTCS according to DM was assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS A total of 962 (13.8%) LTCS at baseline reported DM. Prevalence of DM in LTCS was not higher than in cancer-free controls, both at baseline (odds ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66-0.97) and at follow-up (odds ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.67-1.04). Prevalence of DM in LTCS was associated with cancer site, older age, lower education, higher socioeconomic deprivation, higher body mass index, physical inactivity, other comorbidities, and poorer prognosis (adjusted hazard ratio [all-cause mortality] = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.15-1.44). CONCLUSION DM in LTCS is prevalent, but not higher than in cancer-free population controls. Cancer survivors with concurrent DM are at a potentially higher risk of death. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Cancer and diabetes mellitus (DM) are two serious threats to global health. In our study, prevalence of DM in long-term cancer survivors who survived 5 years or more after cancer diagnosis was not higher than in cancer-free controls. This should not be interpreted as an indication of a lower risk of DM in cancer survivors. Rather, it highlights the potentially poor prognosis in diabetic cancer survivors. Therefore, keeping a continuous satisfactory DM and hyperglycemia management is essential during long-term cancer survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Yang
- Unit of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Doege
- Unit of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melissa S Y Thong
- Unit of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Linda Weisser
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Bertram
- Cancer Registry of North Rhine-Westphalia, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andrea Eberle
- Bremen Cancer Registry, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | | | | | - Annika Waldmann
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sylke Ruth Zeissig
- Cancer Registry of Rhineland-Palatinate, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (ICE-B), Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Lina Jansen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, DKFZ and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Unit of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Alghadier M, Almahdi MM, Alotaibi AA, AlAmri AM, Albuwait A. Burnout syndrome and its correlation with musculoskeletal disorders among physiotherapists in Saudi: A cross-sectional study. Physiother Res Int 2024; 29:e2081. [PMID: 38511600 DOI: 10.1002/pri.2081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is a significant impact of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) on individuals of all ages, professions, and fields from various countries worldwide, leading to a negative impact on quality of life and overall health outcomes. The study was conducted to investigate the association between Burnout syndrome (BS) and MSDs among physiotherapists in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out. Physiotherapists of either gender and with no known co-morbidities and who were not suffering from recent injuries and accidents were included in the study. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was used to determine the level of burnout. Musculoskeletal disorders were analyzed using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire (NMQ). The chi-square test was used to observe the association between two categorical variables and a p-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 133 participants were recruited and it was observed that 70 (53%) participants had low burnout levels (BoL). It was revealed that 65 (49%) had trouble in the neck and visited a physician clinic, 47 (35%) had trouble in the lower back during the last 12 months, 60 (45%) had trouble in the upper back during the last 12 months that prevented the normal activity and 13 (9.8%) participants had trouble in the shoulders during the last 7 days. History of chronic disease, education, practice setting, and smoking status with Burnout level was statistically significant. Trouble in the upper back, elbow, wrist/hands, hips/thighs, ankle/feet, and neck were also found to be significant. CONCLUSION The outcomes revealed that a few demographic factors such as education, practice setting, smoking status, and chronic disease history were significantly associated with BS. Furthermore, it was observed that MSD had a significant impact on BoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mshari Alghadier
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulaziz Ashaq Alotaibi
- Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation Department, Alquwayiyah General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiyshah Mahdi AlAmri
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Aarestrup J, Pedersen DC, Bjerregaard LG, Jensen BW, Leth-Møller KB, Jacobsen RK, Johnson W, Baker JL. Trends in childhood body mass index between 1936 and 2011 showed that underweight remained more common than obesity among 398 970 Danish school children. Acta Paediatr 2024; 113:818-826. [PMID: 37776041 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine trends in all body mass index (BMI) groups in children from 1936 to 2011. METHODS We included 197 694 girls and 201 276 boys from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register, born between 1930 and 1996, with longitudinal weight and height measurements (6-14 years). Using International Obesity Task Force criteria, BMI was classified as underweight, normal-weight, overweight and obesity. Sex- and age-specific prevalences were calculated. RESULTS From the 1930s, the prevalence of underweight was stable until a small increase occurred from 1950 to 1970s, and thereafter it declined into the early 2000s. Using 7-year-olds as an example, underweight changed from 10% to 7% in girls and from 9% to 6% in boys during the study period. The prevalence of overweight plateaued from 1950 to 1970s and then steeply increased from 1970s onwards and in 1990-2000s 15% girls and 11% boys at 7 years had overweight. The prevalence of obesity particularly increased from 1980s onwards and in 1990-2000s 5% girls and 4% boys at 7 years had obesity. These trends slightly differed by age. CONCLUSION Among Danish schoolchildren, the prevalence of underweight was greater than overweight until the 1980s and greater than obesity throughout the period. Thus, monitoring the prevalence of childhood underweight remains an important public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aarestrup
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D C Pedersen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L G Bjerregaard
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B W Jensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K B Leth-Møller
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R K Jacobsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - W Johnson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - J L Baker
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Martsenkovskyi D, Shevlin M, Ben-Ezra M, Bondjers K, Fox R, Karatzias T, Martsenkovska I, Martsenkovsky I, Pfeiffer E, Sachser C, Vallières F, Hyland P. Mental health in Ukraine in 2023. Eur Psychiatry 2024; 67:e27. [PMID: 38533632 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very little is known about the mental health of the adult population of Ukraine following Russia's full-scale invasion in February 2022. In this study, we estimated the prevalence of seven mental health disorders, the proportion of adults screening positive for any disorder, and the sociodemographic factors associated with meeting requirements for each and any disorder. METHODS A non-probability quota sample (N = 2,050) of adults living in Ukraine in September 2023 was collected online. Participants completed self-report questionnaires of the seven mental health disorders. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of the different disorders. RESULTS Prevalence estimates ranged from 1.5% (cannabis use disorder) to 15.2% (generalized anxiety disorder), and 36.3% screened positive for any of the seven disorders. Females were significantly more likely than males (39.0% vs. 33.8%) to screen positive for any disorder. Disruption to life due to Russia's 2014 invasion of Ukraine, greater financial worries, and having fewer positive childhood experiences were consistent risk factors for different mental health disorders and for any or multiple disorders. CONCLUSION Our findings show that approximately one in three adults living in Ukraine report problems consistent with meeting diagnostic requirements for a mental health disorder 18 months after Russia's full-scale invasion. Ukraine's mental healthcare system has been severely compromised by the loss of infrastructure and human capital due to the war. These findings may help to identify those most vulnerable so that limited resources can be used most effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Martsenkovskyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
- SI Institute of Psychiatry, Forensic Psychiatric Examination and Drug Monitoring of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Derry, Northern Ireland
| | | | - Kristina Bondjers
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Fox
- School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thanos Karatzias
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Scotland
| | - Inna Martsenkovska
- SI Institute of Psychiatry, Forensic Psychiatric Examination and Drug Monitoring of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Igor Martsenkovsky
- SI Institute of Psychiatry, Forensic Psychiatric Examination and Drug Monitoring of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Elisa Pfeiffer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cedric Sachser
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frédérique Vallières
- Trinity Centre for Global Health, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
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24
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Jose MD, Cuthbertson L, Burgess J, Jose K, Saunder T, Kitsos A, Radford J, Raj R. Island medicine longitudinal cohort study: Rapid rise in chronic kidney disease in rural and remote communities. Nephrology (Carlton) 2024. [PMID: 38533938 DOI: 10.1111/nep.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
AIM To determine the change in incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in rural and remote communities over the last decade. METHODS We examined the change in age-standardized incidence and prevalence in Tasmania between 2010 and 2020, using a linked dataset that included any adult with a creatinine test taken in a community laboratory during the study period (n = 581 513; 87.8% of the state's adult population). We defined CKD as two measures of eGFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, at least 3 months apart. RESULTS State-wide age-standardized prevalence of CKD increased by 28% in the decade to 2020, from 516 to 659 per 10 000 population. Prevalence in men increased 31.3% and women 24.8%. The greatest increase in age-standardized prevalence was seen in rural or remote communities with an increase of 36.6% overall, but with considerable variation by community (range + 0.4% to +88.3%). The increase in the actual number of people with CKD in the decade to 2020 was 67%, with the number of women increasing by 58% and men by 79%. CONCLUSION The age-standardized prevalence of CKD in rural and remote regions has increased considerably over the past decade, likely compounded by limited access to primary and secondary healthcare. These findings highlight the need to ensure healthcare resources are directed to areas of greatest need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Jose
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Renal Unit, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Laura Cuthbertson
- Renal Unit, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Renal Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Burgess
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Renal Unit, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kim Jose
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Timothy Saunder
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Alex Kitsos
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jan Radford
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Rajesh Raj
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Renal Unit, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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25
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Lembke S, Macfarlane GJ, Jones GT. The worldwide prevalence of psoriatic arthritis-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024:keae198. [PMID: 38530786 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keae198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous attempts to pool prevalence studies in PsA have failed to take account of important methodological differences between studies which may have created biased estimates. The aim of this review is to estimate the prevalence of PsA within the adult general population worldwide, considering potential differences between population-based and health administrative studies separately. METHODS Four electronic databases were systematically searched for articles reporting the prevalence of PsA. Data were pooled to generate worldwide prevalence estimates. Where sufficient data were available, results were summarised by continent. RESULTS 30 studies were identified, with half from Europe (n = 15). Thirteen population-based studies were identified comprising >92 000 adults, plus 17 studies (>180 million adults) based on health administrative data. The worldwide prevalence of PsA was 112 per 100 000 adults. The prevalence of PsA estimated using populations-based studies was 113 per 100 000 with continent-specific estimates of 207 (Europe), 64 (North America), and 37 (Asia) per 100 000. Health administrative studies gave a global prevalence of 109 per 100 000 with continent-specific prevalence of 175 (Europe), 147 (North America), 78 (Asia), and 17 (South America). CONCLUSION This review compiles currently available estimates of PsA prevalence in the general population into global and continent-based estimates and considers important study design characteristics. There is wide variability between continents and data in some geographical areas are sparse but available evidence suggests that PsA is more common in Europe and North America compared with Asia and South America, and current best estimates suggest a global prevalence of 112 per 100 000 adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lembke
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health (Epidemiology Group), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gary J Macfarlane
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health (Epidemiology Group), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gareth T Jones
- Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health (Epidemiology Group), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Kader MA, Sainudeen S, Khan AAG, Arora S, Ronsivalle V, Marrapodi MM, Cicciù M, Minervini G. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in oncological patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Rehabil 2024. [PMID: 38528326 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to its potential association with cancer. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of OSAS in cancer patients through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis, conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, aimed to evaluate the prevalence of OSAS in cancer patients. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was performed to identify relevant studies published up to September 2021. Eligible studies reporting on the prevalence of OSAS in cancer patients, encompassing various study designs, were included in the analysis. Pooled estimates of the odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. Heterogeneity among the studies was assessed using the I2 statistic. RESULTS Seventeen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were subsequently included in the review. The prevalence of OSAS in cancer patients was estimated to have an overall OR of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75-0.85). In comparison with non-cancer patients, cancer patients had a statistically significant greater risk of OSAS, as indicated by the total estimated RR for the prevalence of OSAS in cancer patients, which was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86-0.92). Nonetheless, there was a significant amount of heterogeneity (I2 = 96%) among the studies. CONCLUSION The overall data analysed in this review indicates that patients with cancer had far reduced likelihood of developing OSAS than individuals without cancer. However, the significant variation across the included studies highlights the need for additional investigation to fully clarify the complex association between OSAS and cancer incidence. These results emphasise how critical it is to identify OSAS as a possible comorbidity in cancer patients, one that should be taken into account for clinical management and ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdul Kader
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University Abha, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shan Sainudeen
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University Abha, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Ahad Ghaffar Khan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Khalid University College of Dentistry, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suraj Arora
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University Abha, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincenzo Ronsivalle
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Marrapodi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Largo Madonna delle Grazie 1, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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27
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Ohfuji S, Tanaka A, Kogiso T, Kanto T. Epidemiology of Fontan-associated liver disease in Japan: Results from a nationwide survey in 2021. Hepatol Res 2024. [PMID: 38526972 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
AIM Although the Fontan procedure has improved the survival of patients with single-ventricle heart disease, the long-term consequences of the procedure have been a concern. This study aimed to explore the patients' postoperative clinical characteristics, including a diagnosis of Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD). METHODS A nationwide Japanese epidemiological survey of post-Fontan patients was undertaken in 2021. The survey targets were selected from all departments of pediatrics, pediatric surgery, cardiology, cardiovascular surgery, and gastroenterology using stratified random sampling by the number of beds. Each department was asked to complete a mail-back questionnaire on the numbers of patients and their clinical characteristics. The diagnosis of FALD was made by each attending physician. RESULTS The estimated number of post-Fontan patients was 7810 (95% confidence interval, 5430-10 200) in 2020, with a period prevalence of 61.9 per million. During the follow-up of 13.8 years after the Fontan procedure, 40% of patients were diagnosed with FALD. An elevated γ-glutamyl transpeptidase level was the most common finding leading to the FALD diagnosis (41%), and 45% of the patients also showed liver fibrosis. Compared with non-FALD patients, FALD patients were older, had longer duration since the Fontan procedure, and had more severe cardiac or liver conditions. However, more than half of the non-FALD patients had elevated liver enzyme levels, suggesting underestimation of the number of FALD patients. CONCLUSIONS In 2020, approximately 40% of post-Fontan patients underwent follow-up with a diagnosis of FALD, although the lack of established diagnostic criteria for FALD could affect the reported prevalence of FALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Ohfuji
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kogiso
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kanto
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
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Juneja K, Chauhan A, Shree T, Roy P, Bardhan M, Ahmad A, Pawaiya AS, Anand A. Self-medication prevalence and associated factors among adult population in Northern India: A community-based cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121241240507. [PMID: 38533200 PMCID: PMC10964435 DOI: 10.1177/20503121241240507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to determine self-medication prevalence and its associated factors. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban and rural catchment areas of Uttar Pradesh, India, among 440 adults using a pretested, semistructured questionnaire. The Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to determine the association of self-medication prevalence with various independent variables. The associations were reported as adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results The prevalence of medication use was 66.4%. The majority of participants (45%) took medicine for fever, cough (40.1%), and cold (31.8%). Allopathy (83.2%) was the most common medicine system used for self-medication. More than half reported taking medicine such as paracetamol (52%), followed by cough syrup (21%) and antihistaminic (17%). Convenience (46%) and lack of time (35.3%) were commonly cited reasons for self-medication. Also, 64.4% of the respondents practiced self-medication on the pharmacist's recommendation. Urban participants (adjusted odds ratio: 9.85, 95% confidence interval: 5.32-18.23), females (adjusted odds ratio: 2.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.18-4.57), skilled workers (adjusted odds ratio: 5.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.80-17.5), and those who completed primary school (adjusted odds ratio: 2.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.16-5.25) were more likely to self-medicate than rural, male, unemployed, and illiterate participants, respectively. Also, participants whose income was 30,000 Indian rupees (adjusted odds ratio: 3.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-10.21) were more likely to self-medicate than those whose income was less than 4000. Conclusions A high prevalence of self-medication was found, particularly in urban areas. Convenience and lack of time were commonly cited reasons for self-medication. Allopathy was the most widely used medicine system for self-medication. Antipyretics, cough syrups, and antiallergics were most commonly self-medicated. Gender, education, and income were associated with self-medication. The study highlighted the increased usage among females which could be further explored and role of pharmacists' recommendation as a major driver for self-medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Juneja
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal TATA Medical College, Jamshedpur, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ambren Chauhan
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tuhina Shree
- Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Alwar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Priyanka Roy
- Department of Labor, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Mainak Bardhan
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Absar Ahmad
- Ranchi Veterinary College, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, India
| | - Amit Singh Pawaiya
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ayush Anand
- B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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Plate J, Söderbergh T, Bergqvist J, Lingblom C, Bergquist H, Larsson H. Eosinophilic esophagitis prevalence, incidence, and presenting features: a 22-year population-based observational study from southwest Sweden. Dis Esophagus 2024:doae025. [PMID: 38525937 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the esophagus that affects both children and adults. Symptoms in adults are mainly esophageal dysphagia, which ranges from mild symptoms to acute food bolus obstruction of the esophagus. Diagnosis is defined as symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and ≥ 15 eosinophils/high power field (HPF) in at least one of the biopsies taken from the esophagus. EoE appears to be increasing in both prevalence and incidence. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, incidence, and presenting symptoms of patients with EoE within the catchment area of Northern Älvsborg County Hospital in Trollhättan. Patient records with the ICD code of EoE between 2012 and 2022 and pathology reports from esophageal biopsies from 2000-2022 were examined. Patients with symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and > 15 eosinophils/HPF were classified as having EoE. In total, 409 EoE patients (379 adults and 30 children) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria during the follow-up period. The overall prevalence was 113 cases/100 000 inhabitants (adults 127/100 000 and children 57/100 000) at 31 December 2022. The incidence was 7/100 000 and increased during the observation period. At diagnosis, 46% of the adults and 11% of the children had a history of acute bolus obstruction requiring hospitalization, while 51% of adults and 22% of children exhibited endoscopic findings of fibrosis. The prevalence of EoE is significantly higher than that generally reported in an area of southwest Sweden. The results indicate that the incidence is increasing; however, whether this is due to an actual increase or heightened awareness of EoE is inconclusive. Acute bolus obstruction is a common presenting symptom among EoE patients and is most likely an effect of late diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Plate
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, NU-Hospital Group, Trollhättan, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T Söderbergh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, NU-Hospital Group, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - J Bergqvist
- Pulmonary Department, Sleep Disorders Centre, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Sleep and Wake Disorders, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Lingblom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Bergquist
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Larsson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, NU-Hospital Group, Trollhättan, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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30
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Coste J, Delpierre C, Richard JB, Alleaume C, Gallay A, Tebeka S, Lemogne C, Robineau O, Steichen O, Makovski TT. Prevalence of long COVID in the general adult population according to different definitions and sociodemographic and infection characteristics. A nationwide random sampling survey in France in autumn 2022. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024:S1198-743X(24)00150-2. [PMID: 38527615 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Long COVID is recognized since early 2020, but its definition is not unanimous, which complicates epidemiological assessments. This study estimated the prevalence of long COVID based on several definitions and severity thresholds in the adult population in mainland France and examined variations according to sociodemographic and infection characteristics. METHODS A cross-sectional survey using random sampling was conducted in August-November 2022. Participants declaring SARS-CoV-2 infection were assessed for infection dates and context, post-COVID symptoms (from a list of 31, with onset time, daily functioning impact, alternative diagnosis) and perceived long COVID. Long COVID prevalence was estimated according to the World Health Organisation (WHO), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), United States National Centre for Health Statistics (US-NCHS) and United Kingdom Office for National Statistics (UK-ONS) definitions. RESULTS Of 10,615 participants, 5,781 (54.5%) reported SARS-CoV-2 infection, with 123 to 759 (1.2% to 13.4%) having long COVID depending on the definition. Prevalence of WHO post-COVID condition (PCC) was 4.0% (95%CI:3.6-4.5) in the overall population and 8.0% (95%CI:7.0-8.9) among infected individuals. Among the latter, prevalence varied from 5.3% (men) to 14.9% (unemployed) and 18.6% (history of hospitalization for COVID-19). WHO-PCC overlapped poorly with other definitions (kappa ranging 0.18-0.59) and perceived long COVID (reported in only 43% of WHO-PCC). CONCLUSIONS Regardless of its definition, long COVID remains a significant burden in the French adult population that deserves surveillance, notably for forms that strongly impact daily activities. More standardised definitions will improve integrated surveillance of, and better research on, long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Coste
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Injuries, French Public Health Agency (Santé Publique France), Saint-Maurice, France.
| | | | - Jean-Baptiste Richard
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Injuries, French Public Health Agency (Santé Publique France), Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Caroline Alleaume
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Injuries, French Public Health Agency (Santé Publique France), Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Anne Gallay
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Injuries, French Public Health Agency (Santé Publique France), Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Sarah Tebeka
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Injuries, French Public Health Agency (Santé Publique France), Saint-Maurice, France; Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Team 1, Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry, AP-HP, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France
| | - Cédric Lemogne
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Service de Psychiatrie de l'adulte, AP-HP, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Robineau
- Service Universitaire des Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Gustave Dron, Tourcoing, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, UMR-S 1136, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Steichen
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, IPLESP, UMR-S 1136, Paris, France; AP-HP, hôpital Tenon, Service de médecine interne, Paris, France
| | - Tatjana T Makovski
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases and Injuries, French Public Health Agency (Santé Publique France), Saint-Maurice, France
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Lin T, Jia H, Li Y, Xu Y, Zhao B, Zheng D, Yan H, Zhao M, Li Y, Xia L, Zhou F, Liu C, Ma K, Mi M, Gu J. Epidemiological Survey of Congenital Heart Disease Among Children Aged from 2 to 18 in Suo County, Nagqu, Tibet. High Alt Med Biol 2024. [PMID: 38511279 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2023.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Lin, Tian, Huaping Jia, Yunming Li, Yongxing Xu, Bei Zhao, Dong Zheng, Hongfeng Yan, Meihui Zhao, Yanlei Li, Liping Xia, Fengxia Zhou, Cuiping Liu, Ke Ma, Ma Mi, and Jianwen Gu. Epidemiological survey of congenital heart disease among children aged from 2 to 18 in Suo County, Nagqu, Tibet. High Alt Med Biol. 00:000-000, 2024. Background: Studies have reported the prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD) in parts of Tibet, but relative epidemiological surveys are rare. We aimed to explore the prevalence of CHD in children and its relationship with family history in Suo County, Nagqu, Tibet, an altitude of 3,980 meters. Methods: We recruited 4,002 children aged 2-18 years. Subjects underwent a family history investigation, cardiac auscultation, and clinical manifestation examination and then received echocardiographic screening. Results: The prevalence of CHD among children in Suo County was 0.97% (39 cases), much higher than the prevalence at sea level. The most common subtype was atrial septal defect, accounting for 53.9% of CHD, followed by patent ductus arteriosus (33.3%) and ventricular septal defect (12.8%). We also found that children whose mothers had previously borne children with CHD had a higher risk of CHD than those without (p = 0.002); other factors related to CHD during pregnancy, such as smoking, drinking, drug use, and viral infection, showed no statistical differences between children with and without CHD. Conclusions: The prevalence of CHD in children in Suo County is much higher than at low altitude, consisting mostly of simple forms with left-to-right shunt, with rare complex CHD. These results support implementing diagnostic and treatment plans to prevent CHD in Suo County.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lin
- Department of Neurology, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huaping Jia
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yunming Li
- Department of Information, Medical Support Center, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, People's Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongxing Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfeng Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Meihui Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fengxia Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of General Medicine, People's Hospital of Suo County, Nagqu, Tibet, China
| | - Ma Mi
- Department of General Medicine, People's Hospital of Suo County, Nagqu, Tibet, China
| | - Jianwen Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
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Song MY, Kim Y, Han K, Kim JH. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in South Korea: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38507599 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2321892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the Korean population. METHODS In this cross-sectional study based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017-2020) data 13,737 participants aged ≥ 40 years with assessable fundus images were included. The prevalence and risk factors of AMD were evaluated. The prevalence of early AMD, geographic atrophy (GA), and neovascular AMD were also assessed. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors. RESULTS The prevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of AMD was 13.94% (13.15-14.72). The prevalence (95% CI) of early AMD, GA, and neovascular AMD was 13.07% (12.29-13.85), 0.26% (0.17-0.35), and 0.61% (0.47-0.75), respectively. The prevalence increased with age; it was 3.61%, 11.33%, 20.31%, 31.37%, and 33.98% in participants in their 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s, and ≥ 80 years, respectively. In multivariate analysis, AMD was positively associated with older age (p < 0.001; odds ratio [OR], 1.08; 95% CI, 1.07-1.09), male sex (p = 0.014; OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05-1.53), and lower degree of education (p < 0.001; OR, 1.36 (for junior high school graduates); 95% CI, 1.12-1.65). CONCLUSIONS AMD was detected in approximately one-third of individuals aged ≥ 70 years, thus indicating that AMD is a common disease among older Koreans. Regular fundus examinations in populations with risk factors for AMD as well as education on methods to prevent or delay AMD progression, such as the Mediterranean diet, are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yeon Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeji Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hui Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Liang Y, Li J, Zhang Z, Jiang T, Yang Z. Extrahepatic conditions of primary biliary cholangitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and risk. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024:102321. [PMID: 38518985 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Many studies reported the prevalence of extrahepatic conditions (EHC) of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), but the great heterogeneity existed across different studies. Therefore, we conducted the systematic review and meta-analyses to determine EHC prevalence and association with PBC. METHODS We searched PUBMED and included observational, cross-sectional and case-controlled studies. A random or fixed effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence and odd ratio (OR) as appropriate. RESULTS Of 5370 identified publications, 129 publications with 133 studies met the inclusion criteria. Sjögren's syndrome had the highest prevalence (21.4% vs. 3% in non-PBC individuals), followed by Raynaud's syndrome (12.3% vs. 1%), rheumatoid arthritis-like arthritis (5% vs. 3%), systemic sclerosis (3.7% vs. 0%) and systemic lupus erythematosus (2% vs. 0%). The prevalence of overall thyroid diseases (11.3%), autoimmune thyroid diseases (9.9%), osteoporosis (21.1%), celiac disease (1%) and chronic bronchitis (4.6%) was also increased among PBC patients. CONCLUSION This is the first exhaustive study on the old theme about EHC of PBC. Given increased prevalence of many EHCs in PBC patients, promptly recognizing these EHCs are of great importance for timely and precise diagnosis of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Health Management Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingwang Jiang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Science and Technology, The Second People's Hospital of Changshu, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zaixing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Liu C, Xu T, Xia W, Xu S, Zhu Z, Zhou M, Liu H. Incidence, prevalence, and causes of spinal injuries in China, 1990-2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:704-710. [PMID: 38431767 PMCID: PMC10950156 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal injuries are an urgent public health priority; nevertheless, no China-wide studies of these injuries exist. This study measured the incidence, prevalence, causes, regional distribution, and annual trends of spinal injuries in China from 1990 to 2019. METHODS We used data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 to estimate the incidence and prevalence of spinal injuries in China. The data of 33 provincial-level administrative regions (excluding Taiwan, China) provided by the National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were use to systematically analyze the provincial etiology, geographical distribution, and annual trends of spinal injuries. The Bayesian meta-regression tool DisMod-MR 2.1 was used to ensure the consistency among incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates in each case. RESULTS From 1990 to 2019, the number of living patients with spinal injuries in China increased by 138.32%, from 2.14 million to 5.10 million, while the corresponding age-standardized prevalence increased from 0.20% (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 0.18-0.21%) to 0.27% (95% UI: 0.26-0.29%). The incidence of spinal injuries in China increased by 89.91% (95% UI: 72.39-107.66%), and the prevalence increased by 98.20% (95% UI: 89.56-106.82%), both the most significant increases among the G20 countries; 71.00% of the increase could be explained by age-specific prevalence. In 2019, the incidence was 16.47 (95% UI: 12.08-22.00, per 100,000 population), and the prevalence was 358.30 (95% UI: 333.96-386.62, per 100,000 population). Based on the data of 33 provincial-level administrative regions provided by CDC, age-standardized incidence and prevalence were both highest in developed provinces in Eastern China. The primary causes were falls and road injuries; however, the prevalence and specific causes differed across provinces. CONCLUSIONS In China, the overall disease burden of spinal injuries increased significantly during the past three decades but varied considerably according to geographical location. The primary causes were falls and road injuries; however, the prevalence and specific causes differed across provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Committee on Prevention and Control of Spinal Disease, Beijing 100009, China
| | - Tingling Xu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Weiwei Xia
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Committee on Prevention and Control of Spinal Disease, Beijing 100009, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Committee on Prevention and Control of Spinal Disease, Beijing 100009, China
| | - Zhenqi Zhu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Committee on Prevention and Control of Spinal Disease, Beijing 100009, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Committee on Prevention and Control of Spinal Disease, Beijing 100009, China
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Clark LA, Ro E, Nuzum H, Vanderbleek EN, Allen X. Personality disorder coverage, prevalence, and convergence: do the DSM-5's two models of personality disorder identify the same patients? Psychol Med 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38501282 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) in DSM-5's Section-III has demonstrated acceptable interrater reliability, a largely consistent latent structure, substantial correlations with theoretically and clinically relevant measures, and evidence for incremental concurrent and predictive validity after controlling for DSM-5's Section II categorical personality disorders (PDs). However, the AMPD is not yet widely used clinically. One clinician concern may be caseness - that the new model will diagnose a different set of PD patients from that with which they are familiar. The primary aim of this study is to determine whether this concern is valid, by testing how well the two models converge in terms of prevalence and coverage. METHOD Participants were 305 psychiatric outpatients and 302 community residents not currently in mental-health treatment who scored above threshold on the Iowa Personality Disorder Screen (Langbehn et al., ). Participants were administered a semi-structured interview for DSM-5 PD, which was scored for both Section II and III PDs. RESULTS Convergence across the two PD models was variable for specific PDs, Good when specific PDs were aggregated, and Very Good for 'any PD.' CONCLUSIONS Results provide strong evidence that the AMPD yields the same overall prevalence of PD as the current model and, further, identifies largely the same overall population. It also addresses well-known problems of the current model, is more consistent with the ICD-11 PD model, and provides more complete, individualized characterizations of persons with PD, thereby offering multiple reasons for its implementation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Anna Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Eunyoe Ro
- Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | - Hallie Nuzum
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Xia Allen
- And Still We Rise, LLC, Boston, MA, USA
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Hasan MA, Almogaliq WS, Alhanabi FH, Aldrazi HA, Alkhouzaie MT, Albukhari R, Alqatari S, Al-Abdulwahab AA, AlZuhair HM, Al-Hariri MT. Anxiety and Depression and Associated Risk Factors among Outpatients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Clin Pract 2024; 14:486-497. [PMID: 38525716 PMCID: PMC10961743 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although mood disorders are prevalent among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, they are usually underrecognized. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anxiety and depression among Saudi SLE patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among SLE patients from July 2022 to June 2023 in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect the data through validated tools including the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale-A and the Beck Depression Inventory score. RESULTS There were 133 females (91.7%) and 12 males (8.3%) included in this study. Based on the HAM-A score, 45.5% of participants had an anxiety disorder, and according to the BDI score, 46.2% had a depression disorder. Anxiety and depression were significantly associated with a longer duration of SLE, unemployment status, smoking, and the presence of comorbidities. Moreover, the present study found a significant association between depression and male gender. CONCLUSION This study found that Saudi SLE patients have a high prevalence of both anxiety and depression. Therefore, SLE patients should be screened for neuropsychiatric disorders during routine follow-ups and managed as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Ahmed Hasan
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.H.); (M.T.A.); (R.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Wasayf Salman Almogaliq
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34224, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.); (F.H.A.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Fatimah Habib Alhanabi
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34224, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.); (F.H.A.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Hebah Abbas Aldrazi
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34224, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.A.); (F.H.A.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Moath Thamer Alkhouzaie
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.H.); (M.T.A.); (R.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Raed Albukhari
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.H.); (M.T.A.); (R.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Safi Alqatari
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.H.); (M.T.A.); (R.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Abdullah A. Al-Abdulwahab
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.H.); (M.T.A.); (R.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Hajer Musaab AlZuhair
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.H.); (M.T.A.); (R.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Mohammed T. Al-Hariri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34224, Saudi Arabia
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Fellows IE, Corcoran C, McIntyre AF. Triangulating Truth and Reaching Consensus on Population Size, Prevalence, and More: Modeling Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e48738. [PMID: 38502183 DOI: 10.2196/48738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population size, prevalence, and incidence are essential metrics that influence public health programming and policy. However, stakeholders are frequently tasked with setting performance targets, reporting global indicators, and designing policies based on multiple (often incongruous) estimates of these variables, and they often do so in the absence of a formal, transparent framework for reaching a consensus estimate. OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe a model to synthesize multiple study estimates while incorporating stakeholder knowledge, introduce an R Shiny app to implement the model, and demonstrate the model and app using real data. METHODS In this study, we developed a Bayesian hierarchical model to synthesize multiple study estimates that allow the user to incorporate the quality of each estimate as a confidence score. The model was implemented as a user-friendly R Shiny app aimed at practitioners of population size estimation. The underlying Bayesian model was programmed in Stan for efficient sampling and computation. RESULTS The app was demonstrated using biobehavioral survey-based population size estimates (and accompanying confidence scores) of female sex workers and men who have sex with men from 3 survey locations in a country in sub-Saharan Africa. The consensus results incorporating confidence scores are compared with the case where they are absent, and the results with confidence scores are shown to perform better according to an app-supplied metric for unaccounted-for variation. CONCLUSIONS The utility of the triangulator model, including the incorporation of confidence scores, as a user-friendly app is demonstrated using a use case example. Our results offer empirical evidence of the model's effectiveness in producing an accurate consensus estimate and emphasize the significant impact that the accessible model and app offer for public health. It offers a solution to the long-standing problem of synthesizing multiple estimates, potentially leading to more informed and evidence-based decision-making processes. The Triangulator has broad utility and flexibility to be adapted and used in various other contexts and regions to address similar challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian E Fellows
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Carl Corcoran
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Anne F McIntyre
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Kuriakose J, Surendran S, Deodhar JK, P P, Sonawane RN, Jayaseelan P. Prevalence and Characteristics of Pathological Fractures in Patients Referred to Specialist Palliative Care: A Retrospective Study From India. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2024:10499091241240134. [PMID: 38498778 DOI: 10.1177/10499091241240134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Prevalence of pathological fractures in palliative care is less studied. This study aimed to determine the annual prevalence of pathological fractures and describe the characteristics and treatments in patients with pathological fractures referred to a specialist palliative care clinic in a tertiary care cancer center in India. Methods: Data of adult cancer patients newly referred to the specialist palliative care clinic over 1 year with a clinico-radiological diagnosis of pathological fracture was included. Key outcomes of interest were annual prevalence, clinical characteristics, symptoms and treatments offered. Results: 75 out of 5800 (1.29%) patients newly referred to the clinic over 1 year had pathological fractures. Lung cancer was the most common primary diagnosis (n = 23).Dorsal spine (n = 25) was the most common site of fracture. Pain was the predominant symptom. Mean pain score was 7.04(SD = 1.75) and 42 patients (56%) required strong opioids for analgesia. Only 11 (16%) patients underwent surgical fixation. Median duration from diagnosis of cancer to occurrence of fracture was found to be 329 days. Treatment goals changed to best supportive care in 33 patients (44%) post fracture. Patients with bone and soft tissue neoplasms and those who received only chemotherapy previously had a higher risk of occurrence of fractures. Conclusion: Annual prevalence of pathological fractures in patients referred to the specialist palliative care clinic was 1.29%. It was associated with significant symptom burden and affected oncological treatments. Close monitoring of patients with bone metastases is crucial and proactive implementation of prophylactic measures to prevent such skeletal related events is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothsna Kuriakose
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sumith Surendran
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Jayita K Deodhar
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Prasun P
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Rutula N Sonawane
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Prarthna Jayaseelan
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Rodriguez L, Araujo AT, D Vera D, Rodríguez Gelvez A, Camacho PA, Mantilla DE, Mantilla JC. Prevalence and imaging characteristics of cerebral small vessel disease in a Colombian population aged 40 years and older. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae057. [PMID: 38495303 PMCID: PMC10943569 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease is a major contributor to both brain aging and cognitive decline. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cerebral small vessel disease in a Colombian population over 40 years of age who attended a Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging service for brain MRI between October 2018 and March 2019. This was an observational, cross-sectional and analytical study of 710 adult patients over 40 years of age who attended the Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging service for a brain MRI. The analysed data were obtained from an anonymized database of the service. We studied 710 MRI scans of patients aged between 40 and 104 years. The most frequent risk factor was hypertension (36.2%). Brain abnormalities associated with cerebral small vessel disease, such as white matter hyperintensities, were seen in 56.20% of the population, and brain atrophy was observed in 12.96%. Brain disease prevalence increased with age (23.18% for those aged 55 years, 54.49% for those aged 55-64 years, 69.8% for those aged 65-74 years and 90.53% for those older than 75 years). The prevalence of cerebral small vessel disease in our population was similar to that reported in the world literature, as were the prevalence of the evaluated cardiovascular risk factors. Additionally, we identified an association between hypertension and advanced age with cerebral small vessel disease, with white matter hyperintensities being the most characteristic finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rodriguez
- Radiology Department, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander—Clínica Ardila Lülle, Floridablanca 681008, Colombia
| | - Ana T Araujo
- Radiology Department, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander—Clínica Ardila Lülle, Floridablanca 681008, Colombia
| | - Daniela D Vera
- Radiology Department, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander—Clínica Ardila Lülle, Floridablanca 681008, Colombia
| | - Adriana Rodríguez Gelvez
- Radiology Department, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander—Clínica Ardila Lülle, Floridablanca 681008, Colombia
| | - Paul A Camacho
- Research Group Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander—Clínica Ardila Lülle, Floridablanca 681008, Colombia
| | - Daniel E Mantilla
- Radiology Department, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander—Clínica Ardila Lülle, Floridablanca 681008, Colombia
- Interventional Radiology Department, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander—Clínica Ardila Lülle, Floridablanca 681008, Colombia
| | - Juan C Mantilla
- Radiology Department, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander—Clínica Ardila Lülle, Floridablanca 681008, Colombia
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Redican E, Hyland P, Shevlin M, Martsenkovskyi D, Karatzias T, Ben-Ezra M. Prevalence and correlates of ICD-11 prolonged grief disorder among adults living in Ukraine during the war with Russia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2024. [PMID: 38491862 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although high rates of bereavement are evident in war-affected populations, no study has investigated the prevalence and correlates of probable ICD-11 prolonged grief disorder (PGD) under these circumstances. METHODS Participants were 2050 adults who participated in a nationwide survey exploring the effects of the Ukraine-Russia war on the daily lives and mental health of Ukrainian people. RESULTS Of the total sample, 87.7% (n = 1797) of people indicated a lifetime bereavement. In the full sample, 11.4% met the diagnostic requirements for probable ICD-11 PGD, and amongst those with a lifetime bereavement, the conditional rate of probable ICD-11 PGD was 13.0%. Significant risk factors of ICD-11 PGD included the recent loss of a loved one (6 months to a year ago), being most affected by a partner or spouse's death, loved one dying in the war, no recent contact with the deceased prior to their death, and meeting depression and anxiety diagnostic requirements. CONCLUSION The study reveals that a significant percentage of Ukrainian bereaved individuals have probable ICD-11 PGD, and identifying risk factors, particularly war-related losses, will aid in the development of intervention and prevention programs for bereaved adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enya Redican
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Dmytro Martsenkovskyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
- SI "Institute of Psychiatry, Forensic Psychiatric Examination and Drug Monitoring of Ministry of Health of Ukraine", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Thanos Karatzias
- School of Health & Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
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Hu S, Li Y, Zhang X, Alkhatatbeh T, Wang W. Increasing Burden of Osteoarthritis in China: Trends and Projections from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942626. [PMID: 38525551 PMCID: PMC10946220 DOI: 10.12659/msm.942626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of osteoarthritis in China in a comprehensive and reliable way, to project its future epidemiological patterns, and to mitigate its health hazards. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data were extracted and analyzed from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019. Trends in osteoarthritis epidemiology were explored using joinpoint regression analysis. Additionally, we analyzed dynamic trends using the sociodemographic index (SDI) of China. To assess and predict the epidemiology of osteoarthritis from 2020 to 2039, we used both the Bayesian age-period-cohort model and Nordpred model. RESULTS The number of prevalent cases, incident cases, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for osteoarthritis in China increased from 51.8, 4.6, and 1.8 million, respectively, in 1990, to 132.8, 10.7, and 4.7 million, respectively, in 2019, and the average annual percentage changes were 3.286, 2.938, and 3.324, respectively. The prevalence and YLDs peaked in the population aged over 90 years old, while the incidence peaked in the population aged around 50 years old. A significant positive correlation was found between osteoarthritis burden and SDI. Osteoarthritis burden is expected to continue to increase. In the population studied here, it was higher in women than in men, but this may invert by 2039. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence, incidence, and YLDs of osteoarthritis had significantly increased and may continue to increase during the next 2 decades. Prevention and treatment strategies should target women, middle-aged individuals, and the elderly.
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Krebs G, Clark BR, Ford TJ, Stringaris A. Epidemiology of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Appearance Preoccupation in Youth: Prevalence, Comorbidity and Psychosocial Impairment. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:S0890-8567(24)00126-6. [PMID: 38508411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about how common and impairing body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is in the general population of youth. We evaluated the prevalence, comorbidity, and psychosocial impairment associated with BDD and more broadly defined appearance preoccupation in young people. METHOD Data were drawn from the 2017 Mental Health of Children and Young People in England survey. BDD and psychiatric comorbidity were assessed in 5-19 year olds (N = 7,654) according to DSM-5 criteria, using a clinician-rated standardized diagnostic assessment. Psychosocial impairment was measured with a quantitative scale, and indexed by reported self-harm and suicide attempts, and service utilization, assessed using structured interviews. RESULTS The point prevalence of BDD was 1.0% (95% CI 0.8 - 1.3%). BDD was significantly more common among adolescents than children (1.9 vs 0.1%; OR = 22.5, p<0.001), and female than male participants (1.8% vs 0.3%; OR = 7.3, p<.001). Approximately 70% of young people with BDD had psychiatric comorbidity, most commonly internalizing disorders. BDD was associated with self- and parent-reported psychosocial impairment, self-harm and suicide attempts, and service utilization. Appearance preoccupation was more common than full-syndrome BDD, but showed similar age and sex effects, patterns of comorbidity, and associated impairment. CONCLUSION BDD and appearance preoccupation are relatively common, especially among adolescent girls, and associated with substantial co-occurring psychopathology, risk, and impairment. Improved screening is needed to increase detection and diagnosis of BDD, and to facilitate access to evidence-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Krebs
- University College London, London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom..
| | - Bruce R Clark
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Tamsin J Ford
- University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, and Cambridge and Peterborough, NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- University College London, London, United Kingdom; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Abindu V, Hope D, Aleni M, Andru M, Ayiasi RM, Afayo V, Oyet C, Kiconco R. Missed Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Due to Selective Screening: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study in the West Nile Sub-Region, Uganda. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1309-1319. [PMID: 38505540 PMCID: PMC10949170 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s447855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To ascertain the prevalence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women receiving antenatal care (ANC) services within the West Nile subregion of Uganda. Patients and Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 233 pregnant women who are within 24-28 weeks of gestation and are receiving ANC services in selected hospitals. GDM was diagnosed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (2013). A questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were used to obtain relevant data. The chi-square test and logistic regression were used to determine the association between GDM and the study variables, including participants' sociodemographic and medical characteristics. Results The prevalence of hyperglycemia first detected in pregnancy among the participants tested was 8%. Overall, 7.45% had GDM and 0.53% had diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. The fasting plasma glucose test alone was positive in 86.7% of the GDM cases. The factors that were significantly associated with GDM included age ≥25 years (p = 0.017, AOR = 3.51) and body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 (p = 0.024, AOR = 2.67). Out of the participants diagnosed with GDM, 28.6% did not have a known risk factor. Of the pregnant women with GDM, 57% would have been missed if the selective screening in the national clinical guidelines had been followed. Urinary tract infection (UTI) and Candida were detected in 36.36% and 13.85% of the participants, respectively. Conclusion The study provides new data on the prevalence of GDM in rural settings in the West Nile subregion of Uganda. Of the participants, 7.5% were diagnosed with GDM, of which 57% would have been missed based on the selective screening of the national clinical guidelines. The study findings support the universal screening of GDM in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Abindu
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery - Faculty of Health Sciences, Muni University, Arua, West Nile, Uganda
| | - Derick Hope
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science - Faculty of Health Sciences, Muni University, Arua, West Nile, Uganda
| | - Mary Aleni
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery - Faculty of Health Sciences, Muni University, Arua, West Nile, Uganda
| | - Monicah Andru
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery - Faculty of Health Sciences, Muni University, Arua, West Nile, Uganda
| | - Richard Mangwi Ayiasi
- Department of Public Health - Faculty of Health Sciences, Muni University, Arua, West Nile, Uganda
| | - Victor Afayo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Arua Regional Referral Hospital, Arua, West Nile, Uganda
| | - Caesar Oyet
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science - Faculty of Health Sciences, Clark International University, Kampala, Central, Uganda
| | - Ritah Kiconco
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry - Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroti University, Soroti, Teso, Uganda
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences - Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Southwestern, Uganda
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Yu J, Arnott C, Li Q, Di Tanna GL, Tian M, Huang L, Yin X, Zhang X, Pearson SA, Labarthe DR, Elliott P, Yan LL, Zhou B, Wu Y, Neal B. Secondary Analysis of the Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS): Effects of Potassium-Enriched Salt on Cardiac Outcomes. Hypertension 2024. [PMID: 38465623 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.22410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SSaSS (Salt Substitute and Stroke Study) has shown that use of a potassium-enriched salt lowers the risk of stroke, total cardiovascular events, and premature death. The effects on cause-specific cardiac outcomes are reported here. METHODS SSaSS was an unblinded, cluster-randomised trial assessing the effects of potassium-enriched salt compared with regular salt among 20 995 Chinese adults with established stroke and older age and uncontrolled hypertension. Post hoc efficacy analyses were performed using an intention-to-treat method and a hierarchical Poisson regression model adjusting for clustering to obtain rate ratios and 95% CIs. We assessed acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden death. RESULTS Over a mean 4.74 years follow-up, there were 695 acute coronary syndrome events, 454 heart failure events, 230 arrhythmia events, and 1133 sudden deaths recorded. The rates of events were lower in potassium-enriched salt group for all outcomes but CIs were wide for most: acute coronary syndrome (6.32 versus 7.65 events per 1000 person-years; rate ratio, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.65-0.99]); heart failure (9.14 versus 11.32 events per 1000 person-years; rate ratio, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.60-1.28]); arrhythmia (4.43 versus 6.20 events per 1000 person-years; rate ratio, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.35-0.98]); and sudden death (11.01 versus 11.76 events per 1000 person-years; rate ratio, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.82-1.07]; all P>0.05 with adjustment for multiple comparisons). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that use of potassium-enriched salt is more likely to prevent than cause cardiac disease but the post hoc nature of these analyses precludes definitive conclusions. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02092090.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. (J.Y., C.A., Q.L., G.L.D.T., L.H., X.Y., B.N.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. (J.Y., C.A.)
- Sydney Medical School, Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China. (J.Y.)
| | - Clare Arnott
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. (J.Y., C.A., Q.L., G.L.D.T., L.H., X.Y., B.N.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. (J.Y., C.A.)
- University of Sydney, Australia (C.A.)
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (C.A.)
| | - Qiang Li
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. (J.Y., C.A., Q.L., G.L.D.T., L.H., X.Y., B.N.)
| | - Gian Luca Di Tanna
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. (J.Y., C.A., Q.L., G.L.D.T., L.H., X.Y., B.N.)
| | - Maoyi Tian
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (M.T., X.Z.)
| | - Liping Huang
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. (J.Y., C.A., Q.L., G.L.D.T., L.H., X.Y., B.N.)
| | - Xuejun Yin
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. (J.Y., C.A., Q.L., G.L.D.T., L.H., X.Y., B.N.)
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.Y.)
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (M.T., X.Z.)
| | - Sallie-Anne Pearson
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. (S.-A.P.)
| | - Darwin R Labarthe
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States (D.R.L.)
| | - Paul Elliott
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom. (P.E.)
| | - Lijing L Yan
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China (L.L.Y., Y.W.)
- Global Health Research Centre, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China (L.L.Y.)
| | - Bo Zhou
- First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China (B.Z.)
| | - Yangfeng Wu
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China (L.L.Y., Y.W.)
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China (Y.W.)
| | - Bruce Neal
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. (J.Y., C.A., Q.L., G.L.D.T., L.H., X.Y., B.N.)
- The Charles Perkins Centre, Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China. (B.N.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, United Kingdom. (B.N.)
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de Lima RS, da Silva RN, André SR, Pinheiro AKC, Sousa AI, da Silva IFS, dos Santos J, Nogueira LMV, Zeitoune RCG. Mycobacterium tuberculosis latent infection in healthcare students: systematic review of prevalence. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2024; 58:e20230238. [PMID: 38488508 PMCID: PMC10941757 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2023-0238en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to synthesize the evidence on the prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among undergraduate health care students. METHODS A systematic review of prevalence with meta-analysis was conducted. Prospective and retrospective cohorts and cross-sectional studies involving probable exposure to M. tuberculosis during undergraduate education, along with the tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) for investigation of latent tuberculosis were searched. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Independent reviewers were responsible for the selection and inclusion of studies. Data were extracted, critically appraised, and synthesized using the JBI approach. PRISMA was used to report the study. RESULTS Twenty-two studies were analyzed. The overall prevalence in healthcare undergraduate students was 12.53%. CONCLUSION The prevalence of LTBI in undergraduate health students was high for such a highly educated population. Screening with TST and/or IGRA and chemoprophylaxis, when necessary, should be provided to undergraduate health students when in contact with respiratory symptomatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Silva de Lima
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Enfermagem Anna
Nery, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Suzana Rosa André
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Enfermagem Anna
Nery, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Inês Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola de Enfermagem Anna
Nery, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Srivastava P, Tyagi A, Bhardwaj C, Kumari A, Kaur H, Seth S, Kaur A, Panigrahi I, Dayal D, Pramanik S, Mandal K. SHOX Variations in Idiopathic Short Stature in North India and a Review of Cases from Asian Countries. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2024; 16:41-49. [PMID: 37750395 PMCID: PMC10938528 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2023.2023-3-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Short stature homeobox (SHOX) haploinsufficiency underlies idiopathic short stature (ISS) and Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis. The worldwide prevalence of SHOX variations in ISS varies from 2.5% to 15.0%. The aim of this study was to assess the implication of SHOX variation in ISS in North Indians and compare this with other cases of SHOX variations from Asian population. Methods SHOX gene analysis was carried out by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification followed by Sanger sequencing in 54 patients with variable phenotypes. Comparison with other reports in a meta-analysis comprising the current study and 11 previous studies (n=979) was performed. Results SHOX analysis resulted in 12.9% positivity (7.4% deletions and 5.5% duplications). SHOX association was seen significantly related to gender, with predominance in females (p=0.047). Short arms and forearms were the only significantly associated trait seen in 51.9% of children. The overall prevalence of SHOX variation was 15.2% in Asians with ISS. No significant difference was found in geographical region-specific analysis. Conclusion This study summarises findings from the last decade and provides an updated picture of the prevalence of SHOX variations in Asians, emphasizing their potential as therapeutic targets in ISS patients. Further high quality, large investigations including functional validation is warranted to validate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Srivastava
- Advanced Pediatrics Centre (APC), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Genetic Metabolic Unit, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankita Tyagi
- Advanced Pediatrics Centre (APC), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Genetic Metabolic Unit, Chandigarh, India
| | - Chitra Bhardwaj
- Advanced Pediatrics Centre (APC), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Genetic Metabolic Unit, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anu Kumari
- Advanced Pediatrics Centre (APC), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Genetic Metabolic Unit, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harvinder Kaur
- Advanced Pediatrics Centre (APC), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Child Growth and Anthropology Unit, Chandigarh, India
| | - Saurabh Seth
- Advanced Pediatrics Centre (APC), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Genetic Metabolic Unit, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupriya Kaur
- Advanced Pediatrics Centre (APC), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Genetic Metabolic Unit, Chandigarh, India
| | - Inusha Panigrahi
- Advanced Pediatrics Centre (APC), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Genetic Metabolic Unit, Chandigarh, India
| | - Devi Dayal
- Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Kausik Mandal
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Department of Medical Genetics, Lucknow, India
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Cuttance EL, Mason WA, Hea SY, Bryan MA, Laven RA. The prevalence of damaged tails in New Zealand dairy cattle. N Z Vet J 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38467464 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2024.2321180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To undertake a survey of the prevalence of tail deviations, trauma and shortening on a representative selection of New Zealand dairy farms, and to assess whether sampling based on milking order could be used instead of random sampling across the herd to estimate prevalence. METHODS This was a cross-sectional observational study, with 200 randomly selected farms enrolled across nine regions of New Zealand via selected veterinary practices (one/region). Veterinary clinics enrolled 20-25 farms each depending on region, with 1-2 trained technicians scoring per region. All cows (n = 92,348) present at a milking or pregnancy testing event were tail scored using a modified version of the New Zealand Veterinary Association Industry Scoring System. Palpated lesions were recorded as deviated (i.e. non-linear deformity), shortened (tail shorter than normal) or traumatic (all other lesions). The location of lesions was defined by dividing the tail into three equal zones: upper, middle and lower. A cow could have more than one lesion type and location, and/or multiple lesions of the same type, but for the prevalence calculation, only the presence or absence of a particular lesion was assessed. Prevalence of tail damage calculated using whole herd scoring was compared to random sampling across the herd and sampling from the front and back of the milking order. Bootstrap sampling with replacement was used to generate the sampling distributions across seven sample sizes ranging from 40-435 cows. RESULTS When scoring all cows, the median prevalence for deviation was 9.5 (min 0.9, max 40.3)%; trauma 0.9 (min 0, max 10.7)%, and shortening was 4.5 (min 1.3, max 10.8)%. Deviation and trauma prevalence varied between regions; the median prevalence of deviations ranged from 6% in the West Coast to 13% in Waikato, and the median prevalence of all tail damage from 7% in the West Coast to 29% in Southland. Sampling based on milking order was less precise than random sampling across the herd. With the latter and using 157 cows, 95% of prevalence estimates were within 5% of the whole herd estimate, but sampling based on milking order needed > 300 cows to achieve the same precision. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The proportion of cows identified as having damaged tails was consistent with recent reports from New Zealand and Ireland, but at 11.5%, the proportion of cows with trauma or deviation is below acceptable standards. An industry-wide programme is needed to reduce the proportion of affected cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Y Hea
- VetSouth Ltd., Winton, New Zealand
| | | | - R A Laven
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Gomez DVF, de Almeida WDS, de Souza Junior PRB, Lopes MDFC, Luna EJDA, Zimmermann IR, Tavares NUL, Gutierrez MMU, Szwarcwald CL. Prevalence of trachoma in indigenous and non-indigenous areas, Northeastern Brazil, 2019-2021. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2024; 48:e19. [PMID: 38464869 PMCID: PMC10924615 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2024.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in indigenous and non-indigenous populations in selected areas of the state of Maranhão, in northeastern Brazil. Methods This was a population-based survey with probabilistic sampling. For the diagnosis of trachoma, external ocular examination was performed using head magnifying loupes, at 2.5X magnification. The prevalence of trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF) in children aged 1-9 years and the prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in the population aged ≥15 years were estimated. Relative frequencies of sociodemographic and environmental characteristics were obtained. Results The study included 7 971 individuals, 3 429 from non-indigenous populations and 4 542 from indigenous populations. The prevalence of TF in non-indigenous and indigenous populations was 0.1% and 2.9%, respectively, and the prevalence of TT among indigenous populations was 0.1%. Conclusions The prevalence of TF and TT in the two evaluation units in the state of Maranhão were within the limits recommended for the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. However, the prevalence of TF was higher in the indigenous evaluation unit, indicating a greater vulnerability of this population to the disease. The prevalence of TF of below 5.0% implies a reduction in transmission, which may have resulted from improved socioeconomic conditions and/or the implementation of the World Health Organization SAFE strategy.
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Huang IH, Schol J, Lin G, Chen YJ, Carbone F, Vaes B, Tack J. Epidemiology of functional dyspepsia and gastroparesis as diagnosed in Flemish-Belgian primary care: A registry-based study from the Intego database. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024:e14778. [PMID: 38462669 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyspepsia is a prevalent condition in the general population. Besides organic causes, the differential diagnosis of dyspepsia includes functional dyspepsia (FD) and gastroparesis (GP) which share similar pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical presentation. So far, no study investigated the prevalence of FD and GP in a primary care in Belgium. METHODS Data were obtained from Intego, a Flemish-Belgian general practice-based morbidity registration network. From 586,164 patients between 2000 and 2021, we selected patients with ICD-10 code for FD and GP. Patients with organic gastrointestinal diseases were excluded. We determined demographics and comorbidities of FD/GP. For prevalence and incidence calculation, we included those who consulted their general practitioners at least once in the given year. Pair-wise comparison was conducted to access the impact of comorbidities on risk of FD/GP. KEY RESULTS Between 2011 and 2021, the prevalence of FD/GP ranged from 1.03% to 1.21%. The incidence of FD/GP ranged from 109 to 142 per 100,000 adults. In total 5242 cases of FD/GP were identified. These cases shared commonly coexisting diagnoses of gastroesophageal reflux disease (18.8%), irritable bowel syndrome (17.1%), and chronic constipation (18.7%). Patients with somatization/anxiety/depression had significantly higher risk of FD/GP, compared to the control (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.19-1.61, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES The prevalence (1.03%-1.21%) and incidence (109-142/100,000) of FD/GP in primary care over last decade appear to conflict with epidemiological research in the general population. The discrepancies suggest a potential lack of awareness of FD and GP among physicians and/or patients in Flemish-Belgium.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsuan Huang
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jolien Schol
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guohao Lin
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yaozhu J Chen
- Global Evidence and Outcomes, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Florencia Carbone
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Vaes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Zhao C, Ding Q, Yang Z. Burdens and trends of blindness and vision loss among those aged 55 years and older: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024:11206721241238878. [PMID: 38454852 DOI: 10.1177/11206721241238878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically analysis the burden and trends of blindness and vision loss for those aged ≥55 years from 1990 to 2019 and to predict trends over the next few years. METHODS The data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. Trends from 1990 to 2019 were calculated using average annual percentage change (AAPC) by joinpoint regression analysis. Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) models were used to predict future trends. RESULTS In 2019, the global prevalence of blindness and vision loss was 471.1 million with 15.9 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for those aged ≥55 years. These numbers will reach 640.3 million cases and 18.9 million DALYs in 2030. The prevalence rate (per 100,000 population) increased from 32,137.8 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 26,307.9-39,246.3) in 1990 to 33,509 (95% UI, 27,435.5-40,996.2) in 2019, with an AAPC of 0.143 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.125-0.161; P < 0.001). The DALY rate (per 100,000 population) decreased from 632.9 (95% UI, 447.7-870.9) in 1990 to 579.3 (95% UI, 405.2-803.4) in 2019, with an AAPC of -0.293 (95% CI, -0.323-[-]0.263). Although the prevalence rates of cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and near vision loss showed increasing trends from 1990 to 2019, the DALY rates indicated a downward trend for all blindness-causing diseases. The burden is heavier for women and in low Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions. CONCLUSIONS Despite a decline from 2001 to 2019, the burden of blindness and vision loss, measured by prevalence and DALYs, continues to rise after adjusting for population growth and aging. Blindness and vision loss are significant public health burdens, especially for women and in low-SDI regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congling Zhao
- Aier eye hospital, Jinan university, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhikuan Yang
- Aier eye hospital, Jinan university, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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