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Baradel G, Pratile DC, Orlandi M, Vecchio A, Casini E, De Giorgis V, Borgatti R, Mensi MM. Life Events in the Etiopathogenesis and Maintenance of Restrictive Eating Disorders in Adolescence. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:children10020376. [PMID: 36832506 PMCID: PMC9955930 DOI: 10.3390/children10020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Life events (traumatic and protective) may be critical factors associated with eating disorders and their severity. To date, there is little literature concerning the role of life events in adolescence. The main goal of this study was to explore in a sample of adolescent patients with restrictive eating disorders (REDs) the presence of life events in the year before enrolment and to characterize them according to timing. Furthermore, we investigated correlations between REDs severity and the presence of life events. In total, 33 adolescents completed the EDI-3 questionnaire to assess RED severity using EDRC (Eating Disorder Risk Composite), GPMC (General Psychological Maladjustment Composite), and the Coddington Life Events Scales-Adolescent (CLES-A) questionnaires to define the presence of life events in the last year. Of these, 87.88% reported a life event in the past year. A significant association emerged between elevated clinical GPMC and the presence of traumatic events: patients who had experienced at least one traumatic life event in the year before enrolment presented higher clinically elevated GPMC compared to patients who had not. These results suggest that obtaining early information about traumatic events in clinical practice may help prevent the occurrence of new events and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Baradel
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Marika Orlandi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Arianna Vecchio
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Erica Casini
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina De Giorgis
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina Maria Mensi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Mahmud N, Anik MI, Hossain MK, Khan MI, Uddin S, Ashrafuzzaman M, Rahaman MM. Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Platforms to Combat COVID-19: Diagnostics, Preventions, Therapeutics, and Vaccine Developments. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:2431-2460. [PMID: 35583460 PMCID: PMC9128020 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2, a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that emerged less than two years ago but has caused nearly 6.1 million deaths to date. Recently developed variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have been shown to be more potent and expanded at a faster rate. Until now, there is no specific and effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2 in terms of reliable and sustainable recovery. Precaution, prevention, and vaccinations are the only ways to keep the pandemic situation under control. Medical and scientific professionals are now focusing on the repurposing of previous technology and trying to develop more fruitful methodologies to detect the presence of viruses, treat the patients, precautionary items, and vaccine developments. Nanomedicine or nanobased platforms can play a crucial role in these fronts. Researchers are working on many effective approaches by nanosized particles to combat SARS-CoV-2. The role of a nanobased platform to combat SARS-CoV-2 is extremely diverse (i.e., mark to personal protective suit, rapid diagnostic tool to targeted treatment, and vaccine developments). Although there are many theoretical possibilities of a nanobased platform to combat SARS-CoV-2, until now there is an inadequate number of research targeting SARS-CoV-2 to explore such scenarios. This unique mini-review aims to compile and elaborate on the recent advances of nanobased approaches from prevention, diagnostics, treatment to vaccine developments against SARS-CoV-2, and associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Mahmud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka 1216,
Bangladesh
| | - Muzahidul I. Anik
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881,
United States
| | - M. Khalid Hossain
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering
Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580,
Japan
- Atomic Energy Research Establishment,
Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1349,
Bangladesh
| | - Md Ishak Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United
States
| | - Shihab Uddin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395,
Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Md. Ashrafuzzaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka 1216,
Bangladesh
| | - Md Mushfiqur Rahaman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, NYU
Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, United
States
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Wang Bo, Zubair Ahmad, Ayed R.A. Alanzi, Amer Ibrahim Al-Omari, E.H. Hafez, Sayed F. Abdelwahab. The current COVID-19 pandemic in China: An overview and corona data analysis ☆. Alexandria Engineering Journal 2022; 61. [ DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
At the end of December 2019, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission, revealed several cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology. Later, this etiology was called the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 disease is rapidly spreading around the globe, affected millions of people, compelling governments to take serious actions. Due to this deadly disease, a number of deaths have been occurred and still increasing exponentially. In the practice and application of big data sciences, it is always of interest to provide the best description of the data. In this present article, the event background, symptoms, and preventions from COVID-19 are discussed. The steps were taken by the Chinese government to control the COVID-19 has also been discussed. Up to date, details, and data of daily discovered cases, total discovered cases, daily deaths, and total deaths around the world are presented. Moreover, a new statistical distribution is introduced to provide the best characterization of the survival times of the patients affected by the COVID-19 in China. By analyzing the survival times of the COVID-19 patient’s data, it is showed that the new model provides a closer fit to COVID-19 events.
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Pylypchuk Y, Norton SW. Preventing Malaria among Children in Zambia: The Role of Mother's Knowledge. Health Econ 2015; 24:1389-1402. [PMID: 25113076 DOI: 10.1002/hec.3093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Malaria remains a devastating disease in Zambia, responsible for about 13% of deaths among children under age 5. Lack of malaria-specific knowledge has been commonly assumed to be an important barrier to engagement in behaviors that prevent malaria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that accounts for the endogeneity of maternal knowledge in household's ownership of insecticide-treated nets (ITN), child's use of ITN, and household's protection against mosquitos (HSP). We account for the endogeneity of maternal knowledge through discrete factor and standard instrumental variable estimators. We find significant causal effects of maternal knowledge on the child's use of ITN and HSP but no significant effect on ownership of ITN. The causal effects of maternal knowledge on the use of ITN and HSP are strikingly larger in magnitude than the effects in the reduced form models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Pylypchuk
- Social and Scientific Systems, Rockville, MD, USA
- McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Samuel W Norton
- McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Abstract
In the past, polypharmacy was referred to the mixing of many drugs in one prescription. Today polypharmacy implies to the prescription of too many medications for an individual patient, with an associated higher risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and interactions. Situations certainly exist where the combination therapy or polytherapy is the used for single disease condition. Polypharmacy is a problem of substantial importance, in terms of both direct medication costs and indirect medication costs resulting from drug-related morbidity. Polypharmacy increases the risk of side effects and interactions. Moreover it is a preventable problem. A retrospective study was carried out at Bhopal district (Capital of Madhya Pradesh, India) in the year of September-November 2009 by collecting prescriptions of consultants at various levels of health care. The tendency of polypharmacy was studied and analyzed under the various heads in the survey. Available data suggests that polypharmacy is a widespread problem, and physician, clinical pharmacists and patients are all responsible. These risks can be minimized through identifying the prevalence of this potential problem in a high-risk population and by increasing awareness among patients and healthcare professionals. Physicians and clinical pharmacists have the potential to combating this problem through a variety of interventions such as reducing the number of medications taken, reducing the number of doses taken, increasing patient adherence, preventing ADRs, improving patient quality of life and decreasing facility and drug costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Rambhade
- Department of Pharmacology, Peoples Institute of Pharmacy & Research Center, Peoples Group, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anup Chakarborty
- Department of Pharmacology, Peoples Institute of Pharmacy & Research Center, Peoples Group, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Peoples Institute of Pharmacy & Research Center, Peoples Group, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Umesh K. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Peoples Institute of Pharmacy & Research Center, Peoples Group, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Rambhade
- Sagar Institute of Research Technology and Science, Ayodhya Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Ellen JM. The next generation of HIV prevention for adolescent females in the United States: linking behavioral and epidemiologic sciences to reduce incidence of HIV. J Urban Health 2003; 80:iii40-9. [PMID: 14713670 PMCID: PMC3456265 DOI: 10.1093/jurban/jtg081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Given the increasing numbers of new HIV infections among adolescent females and limitations of the current generation of HIV interventions, a new generation of interventions is needed to prevent HIV and other infections in this population. Interventions available today are limited by their focus on single behaviors that have little epidemiologic significance, such as condom use, and their failure to be tested among the highest risk females. Recent advances in epidemiologic sciences suggest that the next generation of interventions should focus on parenting and parenting skills, sexual risk networks in which drug use and other high-risk behaviors are prevalent, and neighborhoods where these networks exist. Future research should include formative and observational studies to inform new intervention trials that reach the highest risk female youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Ellen
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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