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Hansson J, MacEachen E, Landstad BJ, Vinberg S, Tjulin Å. A comparative study of governmental financial support and resilience of self-employed people in Sweden and Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2298015. [PMID: 38157432 PMCID: PMC10763823 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2023.2298015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, self-employed people were among the hardest hit by the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic and faced hardships such as financial decline, restrictions, and business closures. A plethora of financial support measures were rolled out worldwide to support them, but there is a lack of research looking at the effect of the policy measures on self-employed people. To understand how different governmental financial support measures enhanced the resilience of the self-employed and improved their ability to manage the pandemic, we conducted a mixed-method study using policy analysis and semi-structured interviews. The documents described policies addressing governmental financial support in Sweden and Canada during the pandemic, and the interviews were conducted with Swedish and Canadian self-employed people to explore how they experienced the support measures in relation to their resilience. The key results were that self-employed people in both countries who were unable to telework were less resilient during the pandemic due to financial problems, restrictions, and lockdowns. The interviews revealed that many self-employed people in hard-hit industries were dissatisfied with the support measures and found them to be unfairly distributed. In addition, the self-employed people experiencing difficulties running their businesses reported reduced well-being, negatively affecting their business survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Hansson
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Ellen MacEachen
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bodil J. Landstad
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
- Unit of Research, Education and Development, Östersund Hospital, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Stig Vinberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Tjulin
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
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2
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Johannsdottir L, Cook D. COVID-19 and local community resilience in the Westfjords of Iceland. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2311966. [PMID: 38324668 PMCID: PMC10851826 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2311966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Remote Arctic communities have often been depicted as being particularly vulnerable to the challenges of disasters, with their location and lack of infrastructure exacerbating risk. This study explores the characteristics of local resilience in the Arctic using the case study of the communities of the north-western Westfjords. A total of 42 semi-structured interviews were carried out with various community members, seeking to uncover the features of inbuilt resilience that contribute to successes and vulnerabilities. These were transcribed, coded, and categorised in relation to an integrated framework for assessing community resilience in disaster management, which groups topics via the themes of environmental, social, governance, economic, and infrastructure. All themes played a role in the success of local coping strategies, with easy access to the natural environment central to physical and mental well-being. Despite this, vulnerabilities of the community were evident, including insufficient local healthcare workers during a severe COVID-19 outbreak in a care home, the absence of a local quarantine hotel, and insufficient information in foreign languages for non-natives of Iceland. The general trend of following rules and expert advice was demonstrative of strong social capital, with locals trusting those in charge, nationally and locally, to manage the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Johannsdottir
- Environment and Natural Resources, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David Cook
- Environment and Natural Resources, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Segura-García I, Olson JB, Gochfeld DJ, Brandt ME, Chaves-Fonnegra A. Severe hurricanes increase recruitment and gene flow in the clonal sponge Aplysina cauliformis. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17307. [PMID: 38444224 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Upright branching sponges, such as Aplysina cauliformis, provide critical three-dimensional habitat for other organisms and assist in stabilizing coral reef substrata, but are highly susceptible to breakage during storms. Breakage can increase sponge fragmentation, contributing to population clonality and inbreeding. Conversely, storms could provide opportunities for new genotypes to enter populations via larval recruitment, resulting in greater genetic diversity in locations with frequent storms. The unprecedented occurrence of two Category 5 hurricanes in close succession during 2017 in the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) provided a unique opportunity to evaluate whether recolonization of newly available substrata on coral reefs was due to local (e.g. re-growth of remnants, fragmentation, larval recruitment) or remote (e.g. larval transport and immigration) sponge genotypes. We sampled A. cauliformis adults and juveniles from four reefs around St. Thomas and two in St. Croix (USVI). Using a 2bRAD protocol, all samples were genotyped for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Results showed that these major storm events favoured sponge larval recruitment but did not increase the genetic diversity of A. cauliformis populations. Recolonization of substratum post-storms via clonality was lower (15%) than expected and instead was mainly due to sexual reproduction (85%) via local larval recruitment. Storms did enhance gene flow among and within reef sites located south of St. Thomas and north of St. Croix. Therefore, populations of clonal marine species with low pelagic dispersion, such as A. cauliformis, may benefit from increased frequency and magnitude of hurricanes for the maintenance of genetic diversity and to combat inbreeding, enhancing the resilience of Caribbean sponge communities to extreme storm events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Segura-García
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | - Julie B Olson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Deborah J Gochfeld
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Marilyn E Brandt
- Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, USA
| | - Andia Chaves-Fonnegra
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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DeLong SM, Kafu C, Wachira J, Knight JM, Braitstein P, Operario D, Genberg BL. Understanding motivations and resilience-associated factors to promote timely linkage to HIV care: a qualitative study among people living with HIV in western Kenya. AIDS Care 2024; 36:546-552. [PMID: 37499119 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2240066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding motivations and resilience-associated factors that help people newly diagnosed with HIV link to care is critical in the context of universal test and treat. We analyzed 30 in-depth interviews (IDI) among adults aged 18 and older in western Kenya diagnosed with HIV during home-based counseling and testing and who had linked to HIV care. A directed content analysis was performed, categorizing IDI quotations into a table based on linkage stages for organization and then developing and applying codes from self-determination theory and the concept of resilience. Autonomous motivations, including internalized concerns for one's health and/or to provide care for family, were salient facilitators of accessing care. Controlled forms of motivation, such as fear or external pressure, were less salient. Social support was an important resilience-associated factor fostering linkage. HIV testing and counseling programs which incorporate motivational interviewing that emphasizes motivations related to one's health or family combined with a social support/navigator approach, may promote timely linkage to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M DeLong
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Catherine Kafu
- Behavioral Science Department, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Partnership, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Juddy Wachira
- Behavioral Science Department, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
- Mental Health Department, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Jennifer M Knight
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paula Braitstein
- Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Partnership, Eldoret, Kenya
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Don Operario
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Becky L Genberg
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Cohen-Biton L, Buskila D, Nissanholtz-Gannot R. Problem-oriented coping and resilience among Fibromyalgia patients who live under security threats and have undergone a Fibrotherapy intervention program. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:698-711. [PMID: 36927264 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2189272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Our study examined the association between problem-focused coping and resilience among fibromyalgia (FM) patients who live under constant security threats. Resilience is a coping resource and detrimentally affects FM female patients (FMPs) to get up and cope with life. A cohort of 96 FMPs ages 19-75 was subjected to a Fibrotherapy intervention program in the Rehabilitation Help Center in Sderot (Ezra Le'Marpeh), Israel. We examined levels of problem-oriented coping and levels of resilience among the sample. In addition, we assessed whether there is a correlation between their resilience level and their medical metrics. The research included medical metrics and physical metrics. A cohort of 16 FMPs who participated in the quantitative phase composed the qualitative sample. Data from the t-test showed improved mental resilience among all the sample, with a significantly higher level among problem-oriented FMPs. We conclude that resilience is acquired through problem-oriented coping strategies. Furthermore, the association between resilience and problem-oriented coping helped to improve health indicators since coping with the disease included entering a regime of physicals activity and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liraz Cohen-Biton
- School of Social Work, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- School of Social Work, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Dan Buskila
- Department of Internal Medicine H, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Sirin Gok M, Aydin A, Baga Y, Ciftci B. The relationship between the psychological resilience and general health levels of earthquake survivor nursing students in Kahramanmaras earthquakes, the disaster of the century. J Community Psychol 2024; 52:498-511. [PMID: 38385610 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between the psychological resilience of earthquake survivor students and their general health status. This descriptive and correlational study was conducted at a state university in Turkey in June 2023 with the nursing department students of a university that experienced two major earthquakes in Turkey on February 6, 2023. The sample of the study consisted of 287 students. The data of the study were collected with the "Descriptive Characteristics Form," "Brief Resilience Scale," and "General Health Questionnaire-12." Filling out the forms took approximately 5-10 min. It was determined in the present study that the psychological resilience of the earthquake survivor students was moderate. It was found that the girls, second graders, those with higher income levels, those who did not receive medication/professional support for their mental health, and those who described their health as good generally had higher psychological resilience levels. It was found that the general health status of the earthquake survivors was at an increased risk level, and 69% of them were at high risk for mental diseases. The mental health of girls, first graders, those who had low-income levels, those who lost loved ones in the earthquake, those whose houses were damaged, those who received medication/professional support for mental health, those who did not generally participate in distance education, and those who described their health as deficient in general, had worse mental health levels. A high relationship was detected between nursing students' psychological resilience and mental health (p < 0.05). It was concluded in the present study that as the psychological resilience of the students increased, the risk of mental disease decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Sirin Gok
- Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Ataturk University Faculty of Nursing, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Aydin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Ataturk University Faculty of Nursing, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yaprak Baga
- Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Ataturk University Faculty of Nursing, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bahar Ciftci
- Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Ataturk University Faculty of Nursing, HGF Agro, Ata Teknokent, Erzurum, Turkey
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Rosenberg AR, Salsman JM. Resilience in adolescent and young adult oncology: Problems and prospects. Cancer 2024; 130:1015-1018. [PMID: 38150308 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Although resilience research in adolescent and young adult oncology is promising for improving patient‐centered outcomes, it does not adequately incorporate diverse perspectives of marginalized individuals. Including the unique aspects of minoritized adolescents and young adults and incorporating cultural, community, and system‐level considerations is essential to understanding and promoting resilience in an equitable fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby R Rosenberg
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John M Salsman
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Salsman JM, Rosenberg AR. Fostering resilience in adolescence and young adulthood: Considerations for evidence-based, patient-centered oncology care. Cancer 2024; 130:1031-1040. [PMID: 38163249 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence and young adulthood are times of growth and change. For adolescents and young adults (AYAs) who are diagnosed with cancer, the demands of illness may compound normal developmental challenges and adversely affect physical, emotional, and social health. Nevertheless, AYAs have a tremendous capacity for psychosocial adaptation and resilience. Informed by the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, observational studies in AYA oncology suggest consistent individual, social, and existential resources that may promote resilience. To date, few interventions have been designed to examine whether resilience can be taught and whether doing so affects patient-centered outcomes. Findings point to the potential value of multicomponent programs that include various skills-building strategies, such as stress management, mindfulness, gratitude, and positive reappraisal coping, among others. New research directions include the need to evaluate delivery strategies to enhance participant adherence and retention (e.g., eHealth modalities, optimization studies) and to examine program effectiveness in community-based oncology practices (e.g., less resource-rich settings in which most AYAs receive care). Ultimately, this scholarship may inform, refine, and strengthen intervention science in resilience more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Salsman
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abby R Rosenberg
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wang CL, Luo PQ, Hu FY, Li Y, Sung CL, Kuang YH, Lin SC, Yang ZW, Li CP, Huang SH, Hechanova SL, Jena KK, Hsieh CH, Chuang WP. Pyramiding BPH genes in rice maintains resistance against the brown planthopper under climate change. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:1740-1750. [PMID: 38015011 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper; BPH) is a significant rice pest in Asia, causing substantial yield losses. Pyramiding BPH resistance genes with diverse resistance traits into rice cultivars is an effective strategy for pest management. However, the response of pyramiding combinations to environmental changes remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated three pyramiding rice lines (BPH2 + 32, BPH9 + 32, and BPH18 + 32) in the context of varying climate change conditions, ensuring sufficient N. lugens-rice interactions. Thus, we set three environmental conditions [30/25 °C (day/night) with 500 ppm CO2 concentration, 32/27 °C (day/night) with 600 ppm CO2 concentration, and 35/30 °C (day/night) with 1000 ppm CO2 concentration]. RESULTS All three pyramiding rice lines maintained the insect resistant ability under the three environmental settings. In particular, the BPH18 + 32 rice line exhibited stronger antibiotic and antixenosis effects against N. lugens. In addition, BPH18 + 32 rice line had better shoot resilience under N. lugens infestation, whereas the performance of the other two selected pyramiding rice lines varied. Thus, although BPH2, BPH9, and BPH18 represent three alleles at the same locus, their resistance levels against N. lugens may vary under distinct climate change scenarios, as evidenced by the performance of N. lugens on the three pyramiding rice lines. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that all three tested pyramiding rice lines maintained their insect resistance in the face of diverse climate change scenarios. However, these lines exhibited varied repellent responses and resilience capacities in response to climate change. Thus, the combination of pyramiding genes needs to be considered for future breeding programs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Lu Wang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Qi Luo
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Hu
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Lin Sung
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hung Kuang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ching Lin
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Wei Yang
- Crop Improvement Division, Taoyuan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Charng-Pei Li
- Crop Science Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Horng Huang
- Department of Plant Protection, Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Sherry Lou Hechanova
- Novel Gene Resources Laboratory, Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Makati, Philippines
| | - Kshirod K Jena
- Novel Gene Resources Laboratory, Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Makati, Philippines
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Chia-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Forestry and Nature Conservation, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Po Chuang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Suslovic B, Lett E. Resilience is an Adverse Event: A Critical Discussion of Resilience Theory in Health Services Research and Public Health. Community Health Equity Res Policy 2024; 44:339-343. [PMID: 36856261 PMCID: PMC10919062 DOI: 10.1177/2752535x231159721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Resilience, the individual trait of being able to persist and cope with, often recurrent, negative experiences, has experienced an explosion in recent years as a topic of study. In this commentary, we critique this surge and problematize the co-occurring development of the "resilience as treatment" paradigm. We show that resilience is an expectation foisted primarily on historically and contemporarily oppressed and excluded populations often in response to systemic and structural forms of discrimination. We argue that this represents a fundamental mismatch of intervention and problem; offering an individual-level solution to a structural toxin. In doing so, we re-contextualize resilience as an adverse event, more analogous to scar tissue than a reliable treatment paradigm. Our essay concludes with offering alternatives to resilience that originate with the holistic trauma and liberation health frameworks. These paradigms are united in that, in contrast to resilience, they emphasize healing from structural violence, rather than adapting to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Suslovic
- The Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elle Lett
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Applied Transgender Studies, Chicago, IL, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Zhang N, Tian Z, Liu X, Yu X, Wang L. Burden, coping and resilience among caregivers for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: An integrative review. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:1346-1361. [PMID: 38071504 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to synthesise quantitative and qualitative evidence to comprehensively examine the burden of family caregivers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and to understand their coping strategies and related resilience factors. BACKGROUND Long-term chronic obstructive pulmonary disease care causes heavy psychological and physical burden to caregivers, which is related to the coping strategies used. Resilience is a protective factor originating within the individual and has become a concept related to illness, health and care. DESIGN An integrative review. METHODS Relevant literature was comprehensively searched from China Biology Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Ovid databases from the establishment of the database till January 2023, and the quality of the selected articles was evaluated. Reporting was done according to a PRISMA checklist. FINDINGS The burden of family caregivers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease includes poor health, worry and fear, anticipatory loss and uncertainty, relationship tensions and disagreements, loss of identity and social isolation, lack of supportive knowledge and financial burden. Family caregivers used problem-centred coping, emotion-centred coping, avoidance coping, social support and dyadic coping with their patients to manage their burdens. The factors chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with a caregiver's resilience included a higher level of knowledge, social and familial support, a close relationship with patients, a caregiver's sense of responsibility, the patient's high self-efficacy, etc. CONCLUSIONS: The findings show that caregivers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients face multiple burdens, adapt through different coping styles and have different psychological consequences, while coping style and mental health status also affect the magnitude of burden. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND PATIENT CARE The findings informed health professionals about personalised chronic obstructive pulmonary disease home care interventions to reduce caregiver burden, effectively manage illness and maintain family intimacy. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patients, families, service providers or members of the public were involved in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Tian
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Respiratory, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Ayalon L, Cohn-Schwartz E, Sagi D. Global Conflict and the Plight of Older Persons: Lessons From Israel. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 32:509-511. [PMID: 38135594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liat Ayalon
- Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Ella Cohn-Schwartz
- Gerontology Department, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheba, Israel
| | - Doron Sagi
- Gerontology Department, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheba, Israel; Applied Gerontology internship, College of Law and Business, Ramat Gan, Israel; AMCHA National Israeli Center for Psychosocial Support of Survivors of the Holocaust and the Second Generation, Israel
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13
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Guinan FL, Fourdraine RH, Peñagaricano F, Weigel KA. Genetic analysis of lactation consistency in US Holsteins using temporal variation in daily milk weights. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2194-2206. [PMID: 37923210 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a dairy cow to perform reliably over time is an interesting trait to include in dairy cattle breeding programs aimed at improving dairy cow resilience. Consistency, defined as the quality of performing as expected each day of the lactation, could be highly associated with resilience, defined as animal's ability to maintain health and performance in the presence of environmental challenges, including pathogens, heat waves, and nutritional changes. A total of 51,415,022 daily milk weights collected from 2018 to 2023 were provided for 255,191 multiparous Holstein cows milked 3 times daily in conventional parlor systems on farms in 32 states. The temporal variance (TEMPVAR) of milk yield from 5 to 305 d postpartum was computed as the log-transformed variance of daily deviations between observed and expected individual milk weights. Lower values of TEMPVAR imply smaller day-to-day deviations from expectations, indicating consistent performance, whereas larger values indicate inconsistent performance. Expected daily milk weights were computed using 3 nonparametric and parametric regression models: (1) loceally estimated scatterplot smoothing regression with a 0.75 span; (2) polynomial quantile regression using the median (0.5 quantile), and (3) polynomial quantile regression using a 0.7 quantile. The univariate statistical model included age at first calving and herd-year-season as fixed effects and cow as a random effect. Heritability estimates (standard errors) of TEMPVAR phenotypes calculated over the entire lactation ranged between 0.227 (0.011) and 0.237 (0.011), demonstrating that cows are genetically predisposed to display consistent or inconsistent performance. Estimated genetic correlations calculated using a multiple-trait model between TEMPVAR traits and between lactations were high (>0.95), indicating TEMPVAR is repeatable across lactations and robust to the model used to compute expected daily milk yield. Higher TEMPVAR phenotypes reflect more variation in performance, hence greater inconsistency, which is undesirable. Therefore, correlations between predicted transmitting abilities (PTA) for TEMPVAR and milk yield of 0.57 indicate that high-producing cows exhibit more day-to-day variation in performance. Correlations with productive life and livability were -0.38 and -0.48, respectively. Correlations between PTA for TEMPVAR and those of postpartum health traits were also negative, ranging from -0.41 to -0.08. Given that health traits are derived from disease resistance measurements, and higher health trait PTA are preferred, our results indicate that more consistent cows tend to have fewer health problems and greater longevity. Overall, our findings suggest that temporal variation in daily milk weights can be used to identify consistent animals that maintain expected performance throughout the lactation, which will enable selection for greater resilience to management and environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L Guinan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
| | | | - Francisco Peñagaricano
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Kent A Weigel
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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Bhattacharya A, Chakraborty M, Chanda A, Alqahtani T, Kumer A, Dhara B, Chattopadhyay M. Neuroendocrine and cellular mechanisms in stress resilience: From hormonal influence in the CNS to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18220. [PMID: 38509751 PMCID: PMC10955164 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in neuroendocrinology challenge the long-held belief that hormonal effects are confined to perivascular tissues and do not extend to the central nervous system (CNS). This paradigm shift, propelled by groundbreaking research, reveals that synthetic hormones, notably in anti-inflammatory medications, significantly influence steroid psychosis, behavioural, and cognitive impairments, as well as neuropeptide functions. A seminal development in this field occurred in 1968 with McEven's proposal that rodent brains are responsive to glucocorticoids, fundamentally altering the understanding of how anxiety impacts CNS functionality and leading to the identification of glucocorticosteroids and mineralocorticoids as distinct corticotropic receptors. This paper focuses on the intricate roles of the neuroendocrine, immunological, and CNS in fostering stress resilience, underscored by recent animal model studies. These studies highlight active, compensatory, and passive strategies for resilience, supporting the concept that anxiety and depression are systemic disorders involving dysregulation across both peripheral and central systems. Resilience is conceptualized as a multifaceted process that enhances psychological adaptability to stress through adaptive mechanisms within the immunological system, brain, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, and ANS Axis. Furthermore, the paper explores oxidative stress, particularly its origin from the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria. The mitochondria's role extends beyond ATP production, encompassing lipid, heme, purine, and steroidogenesis synthesis. ROS-induced damage to biomolecules can lead to significant mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis, emphasizing the critical nature of mitochondrial health in overall cellular function and stress resilience. This comprehensive synthesis of neuroendocrinological and cellular biological research offers new insights into the systemic complexity of stress-related disorders and the imperative for multidisciplinary approaches in their study and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Bhattacharya
- Department of PharmacologyCalcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and AHSUluberiaWest BengalIndia
| | - Manas Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyCalcutta institute of pharmaceutical technology and AHSUluberiaWest BengalIndia
| | - Ananya Chanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical ScienceAdamas UniversityBarasatWest BengalIndia
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of PharmacyKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia
| | - Ajoy Kumer
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Arts and Sciences, IUBAT‐International University of Business Agriculture and TechnologyDhakaBangladesh
| | - Bikram Dhara
- Center for Global Health ResearchSaveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennaiIndia
- Department of Health SciencesNovel Global Community and Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Moitreyee Chattopadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyMaulana Abul Kalam Azad University of TechnologyKolkataWest BengalIndia
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15
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Kersivien C, Doumit A, Gascoigne M, Wearne TA. The protective role of resilience in the reporting of post-concussive symptoms within a non-clinical sample. Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 38:668-682. [PMID: 37731324 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2023.2256949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Despite being common following a brain injury, post-concussive symptoms (PCS) are highly prevalent in healthy and non-concussed individuals. Psychosocial factors likely subserve the maintenance of symptoms, and numerous studies have identified prominent risk factors associated with post-concussive symptom reporting (e.g. history of depression). However, few studies have investigated protective factors in this context. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between resilience and PCS, and to identify the factors subserving resilience within this relationship. Method: Healthy and non-concussed participants (n = 283, Mage = 22.70 years) completed questionnaires examining PCS (Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptom Questionnaire) and resilience (Resilience Scale for Adults), together with a screener of background demographic/clinical factors. Results: Resilience negatively predicted PCS above and beyond the effect of demographic and clinical factors previously implicated in the reporting of PCS. Interestingly, heightened "perception of self" was the resilience factor uniquely associated with PCS symptoms. The final model accounted for 33% of the variance in PCS. Overall, female gender, a history of headaches, and diagnoses of ADHD and depression, and reduced "perception of self" were all predictive of greater PCS (ps < .05). Conclusion: Resilience, particularly perception of self, is a positive protective factor in the reporting of PCS. These findings highlight the importance of early identification of less resilient individuals following trauma-such as an mTBI and provide a potential rationale for the incorporation of resilience-based rehabilitation programs into the recovery process, particularly those that promote greater self-efficacy and self-competency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Doumit
- School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Travis A Wearne
- School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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16
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Oshri A, Howard CJ, Zhang L, Reck A, Cui Z, Liu S, Duprey E, Evans AI, Azarmehr R, Geier CF. Strengthening through adversity: The hormesis model in developmental psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38532735 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Employing a developmental psychopathology framework, we tested the utility of the hormesis model in examining the strengthening of children and youth through limited levels of adversity in relation to internalizing and externalizing outcomes within a brain-by-development context. METHODS Analyzing data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study (N = 11,878), we formed latent factors of threat, deprivation, and unpredictability. We examined linear and nonlinear associations between adversity dimensions and youth psychopathology symptoms and how change of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in the default mode network (DMN) from Time 1 to Time 5 moderates these associations. RESULTS A cubic association was found between threat and youth internalizing problems; low-to-moderate family conflict levels reduced these problems. Deprivation also displayed a cubic relation with youth externalizing problems, with moderate deprivation levels associated with fewer problems. Unpredictability linearly increased both problem types. Change in DMN rsFC significantly moderated the cubic link between threat levels and internalizing problems, with declining DMN rsFC levels from Time 1 to Time 5 facilitating hormesis. Hormetic effects peaked earlier, emphasizing the importance of sensitive periods and developmental timing of outcomes related to earlier experiences. CONCLUSIONS Strengthening through limited environmental adversity is crucial for developing human resilience. Understanding this process requires considering both linear and nonlinear adversity-psychopathology associations. Testing individual differences by brain and developmental context will inform preventive intervention programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Oshri
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Cullin J Howard
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Linhao Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ava Reck
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Zehua Cui
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sihong Liu
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Erinn Duprey
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Avary I Evans
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rabeeh Azarmehr
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Charles F Geier
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Békés V, Starrs CJ. Assessing transgenerational trauma transmission: development and psychometric properties of the Historical Intergenerational Trauma Transmission Questionnaire (HITT-Q). Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2329510. [PMID: 38530844 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2329510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective/Background: Despite increasing attention on transgenerational trauma, currently no comprehensive model and measure exists to be applied on various populations. This study represents the first step in the validation of such a model and a related scale. The Historical Intergenerational Trauma Questionnaire (HITT-Q) assesses family and offspring self-reported vulnerability and resilience, as well as offspring historical moral injury and current levels of insidious trauma.Method: We developed the HITT-Q based on the cross-population model (HITT model; [Starrs, C. & Békés, V. (2024). Historical and transgenerational trauma: A conceptual framework. Traumatology. In Press]) which incorporates key findings in existing population specific studies. For initial validation of the model and its measurement, Holocaust survivors' offspring (N = 1104) completed the HITT-Q, measures of current mental health symptoms (PTSD, C-PTSD, anxiety, and depression), and a resilience scale.Results: In line with the HITT model, confirmatory factor analyses supported a 12-factor solution with the following factors under theorized dimensions: I. Family Vulnerability: (1) Dysregulated and Trauma-related Communication; (2)Trauma-influenced Parenting, (3) Fear; (4) Distress; II. (5) Family Resilience, III. Offspring Vulnerability: (6) Escape; (7) Heightened Responsibility; (8) Trauma-related distress; IV. Offspring Resilience: (9) Coping; (10) Belonging; (11) Values; V. (12) Historical Moral injury. The 12-factor model showed acceptable to good internal validity, and comparison with an existing measure of transgenerational Holocaust trauma indicated good concurrent validity. Finally, the HITT-Q demonstrated predictive validity for mental health symptoms and current resilience.Conclusions: The current study represents the first step in validating the HITT-Q as a comprehensive measure of historical intergenerational vulnerability and resilience. Our findings provide strong support for the underlying model, and suggest that the HITT-Q represents a valuable scale for both research and historical trauma-informed care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Békés
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Claire J Starrs
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal (UQAM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
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18
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Zimmer TS, Orr AL, Orr AG. Astrocytes in selective vulnerability to neurodegenerative disease. Trends Neurosci 2024:S0166-2236(24)00024-9. [PMID: 38521710 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Selective vulnerability of specific brain regions and cell populations is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders. Mechanisms of selective vulnerability involve neuronal heterogeneity, functional specializations, and differential sensitivities to stressors and pathogenic factors. In this review we discuss the growing body of literature suggesting that, like neurons, astrocytes are heterogeneous and specialized, respond to and integrate diverse inputs, and induce selective effects on brain function. In disease, astrocytes undergo specific, context-dependent changes that promote different pathogenic trajectories and functional outcomes. We propose that astrocytes contribute to selective vulnerability through maladaptive transitions to context-divergent phenotypes that impair specific brain regions and functions. Further studies on the multifaceted roles of astrocytes in disease may provide new therapeutic approaches to enhance resilience against neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till S Zimmer
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam L Orr
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna G Orr
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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19
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Saar-Ashkenazy R, Bergman YS, Ashkenazy O, Guez J. Traumatic stress, active engagement and resilience in first responders and civilians in the outbreak of war. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2328506. [PMID: 38516952 PMCID: PMC10962308 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2328506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The outbreak of war in Israel on 7 October and the unique events of that day have presented unprecedented challenges to first responders (FRs), who are professionally trained to engage in providing assistance in such circumstances. Moreover, while research demonstrates the long-term psychological consequences of FRs, little is known regarding how FR's engagement in providing assistance relates to stress and resilience levels as events continue to unfold.Objective: The current study examined the relationship between traumatic stress symptoms (TSS) and resilience levels among FRs and controls during the first weeks of the Iron Swords war, while focusing on the moderating role of active engagement in providing assistance.Method: Data were collected during the first month of the Iron Swords war from 374 participants living in Southern Israel, of whom 77 (20.6%) were FRs. All participants filled out scales assessing TSS and resilience and provided relevant background information.Results: High TSS levels were associated with reduced resilience in FRs and non-FRs. Moreover, both the study group and active engagement were significant moderators for the TSS-resilience link, which was insignificant among FRs who provided assistance and for civilians who did not provide assistance. However, the TSS-resilience association remained significant for FRs who did not engage in providing assistance and for civilians who did.Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of examining the extent to which FRs act in line with their duties during times of adverse stress. Clinical interventions aimed towards FRs who did not engage in providing assistance are needed and should focus on the extent to which their moral values, beliefs and expectations are met, as these appear critical parameters in preserving resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoav S. Bergman
- Faculty of Social-Work, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Omer Ashkenazy
- Department of Criminology, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Jonathan Guez
- Department of Psychology, Achva Academic College, Arugot, Israel
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20
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Gündüz ES, Yildirim N, Akatin Y, Gündoğdu NA. Relationship between nurses' resilience and quality of professional life. Int Nurs Rev 2024. [PMID: 38511869 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the resilience levels of nurses and qualit of their professional life. BACKGROUND Nurses' resilience level can affect their professional qualityof life. A higher resilience level enables them to manage stress and overcome challanges more effectively leading to enhanced patient care and satisfaction. Coversly, lower resiliance can lead to burnout, negatievly impacting both the nurses' wellbeing and the quality of service delivered to patients. INTRODUCTION It is crucial to understand the correlation between the professional life quality and resilience of nurses working in difficult conditions. METHODS This correlational study was conducted between September 2021 and February 2022. A total of 276 nurses were included in the study. Data were collected using the Demographic Data Form consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, the Professional Quality-of-Life Scale, and the Resilience Scale for Adults. RESULTS The resilience score was above average, and the professional quality of life was high. Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue, which are components of professional quality of life, were moderate, and the burnout level was low. A robust positive correlation was observed between resilience and the professional quality of life. The linear regression model showed that choosing the profession unwillingly, dissatisfaction with the unit in which one works, and the level of psychological resilience are independent factors of professional quality of life. CONCLUSION According to the findings, high psychological resilience increases the quality of professional life. Resilience, choosing nursing willingly, and liking the unit in which one works are determinants of professional quality of life. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY Enhancing the professional quality of life of nurses has important individual, institutional, and social consequences. Enhancing resilience has the potential to elevate the quality of professional life. Hence, it is important to develop national and international policies and models. Additionally, managers bear significant responsibilities in ensuring a positive work environment. Undoubtedly, having nurses work in units they like, feel happy in, and prefer will increase their professional quality of life and make positive contributions to patient care, the institution, and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Selda Gündüz
- Vocational School of Health Services, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nezaket Yildirim
- Faculty of Nursing, Department of Nursing Management, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Akatin
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health Izmir Provincial Health Directorate Izmir University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
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21
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Marks RA, Delgado P, Makonya GM, Cooper K, VanBuren R, Farrant JM. Higher order polyploids exhibit enhanced desiccation tolerance in the grass Microchloa caffra. J Exp Bot 2024:erae126. [PMID: 38511472 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Desiccation tolerance evolved recurrently across diverse plant lineages to enable survival in water limited conditions. Many resurrection plants are polyploid and several groups have hypothesized that polyploidy contributed to the evolution of desiccation tolerance. However, due to the vast phylogenetic distance between resurrection plant lineages, the rarity of desiccation tolerance, and the prevalence of polyploidy in plants, this hypothesis has been difficult to test. Here, we surveyed natural variation in morphological, reproductive, and desiccation tolerance traits across several cytotypes of a single species to test for links between polyploidy and increased resilience. We sampled multiple natural populations of the resurrection grass Microchloa caffra across an environmental gradient ranging from mesic to xeric in South Africa. We describe two distinct ecotypes of M. caffra that occupy different extremes of the environmental gradient and exhibit consistent differences in ploidy, morphological, reproductive, and desiccation tolerance traits in both field and common growth conditions. Interestingly, plants with more polyploid genomes exhibited consistently higher recovery from desiccation, were less reproductive, and larger than plants with smaller genomes and lower ploidy. These data suggest that selective pressures in increasingly xeric sites may play a role in maintaining and increasing desiccation tolerance that are mediated by changes in ploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose A Marks
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Paula Delgado
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Givemore Munashe Makonya
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Centre, Prosser, WA, 99350, USA
| | - Keren Cooper
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Robert VanBuren
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jill M Farrant
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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Bechtold EK, Wanek W, Nuesslein B, DaCosta M, Nüsslein K. Successional changes in bacterial phyllosphere communities are plant-host species dependent. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0175023. [PMID: 38349147 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01750-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Phyllosphere microbial communities are increasingly experiencing intense pulse disturbance events such as drought. It is currently unknown how phyllosphere communities respond to such disturbances and if they are able to recover. We explored the stability of phyllosphere communities over time, in response to drought stress, and under recovery from drought on temperate forage grasses. Compositional or functional changes were observed during the disturbance period and whether communities returned to non-stressed levels following recovery. Here, we found that phyllosphere community composition shifts as a result of simulated drought but does not fully recover after irrigation is resumed and that the degree of community response to drought is host species dependent. However, while community composition had changed, we found a high level of functional stability (resistance) over time and in the water deficit treatment. Ecological modeling enabled us to understand community assembly processes over a growing season and to determine if they were disrupted during a disturbance event. Phyllosphere community succession was characterized by a strong level of ecological drift, but drought disturbance resulted in variable selection, or, in other words, communities were diverging due to differences in selective pressures. This successional divergence of communities with drought was unique for each host species. Understanding phyllosphere responses to environmental stresses is important as climate change-induced stresses are expected to reduce crop productivity and phyllosphere functioning. IMPORTANCE Leaf surface microbiomes have the potential to influence agricultural and ecosystem productivity. We assessed their stability by determining composition, functional resistance, and resilience. Resistance is the degree to which communities remain unchanged as a result of disturbance, and resilience is the ability of a community to recover to pre-disturbance conditions. By understanding the mechanisms of community assembly and how they relate to the resistance and resilience of microbial communities under common environmental stresses such as drought, we can better understand how communities will adapt to a changing environment and how we can promote healthy agricultural microbiomes. In this study, phyllosphere compositional stability was highly related to plant host species phylogeny and, to a lesser extent, known stress tolerances. Phyllosphere community assembly and stability are a result of complex interactions of ecological processes that are differentially imposed by host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Bechtold
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Center of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Nuesslein
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle DaCosta
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Klaus Nüsslein
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Lv Q, Zhang X, Wang Y, Xu X, He Y, Liu J, Chang H, Zang X, Zhao Y. Multi-Trajectories of Symptoms and their Associations with Unplanned 30-day Hospital Readmission among Patients with Heart Failure: A longitudinal study. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2024:zvae038. [PMID: 38507650 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to uncover hidden patterns and predictors of symptom multi-trajectories within 30 days after discharge in patients with heart failure and assess the risk of unplanned 30-day hospital readmission in different patterns. METHODS AND RESULTS The study was conducted from September 2022 to September 2023 in four third-class hospitals in Tianjin, China. A total of 301 patients with heart failure were enrolled in the cohort, and 248 patients completed a 30-day follow-up after discharge. Three multi-trajectory groups were identified: mild symptom status (24.19%), moderate symptom status (57.26%), and severe symptom status (18.55%). With the mild symptom status group as a reference, physical frailty, psychological frailty, and comorbid renal dysfunction were predictors of the moderate symptom status group. Physical frailty, psychological frailty, resilience, taking diuretics, and comorbid renal dysfunction were predictors of the severe symptom status group. Compared with the mild symptom status group, the severe symptom status group was significantly associated with high unplanned 30-day hospital readmission risks. CONCLUSIONS This study identified three distinct multi-trajectory groups among patients with heart failure within 30 days after discharge. The severe symptom status group was associated with a significantly increased risk of unplanned 30-day hospital readmission. Common and different factors predicted different symptom multi-trajectories. Healthcare providers should assess the physical and psychological frailty and renal dysfunction of patients with heart failure before discharge. Inpatient care aimed at alleviating physical and psychological frailty and enhancing resilience may be important to improve patients' symptom development post-discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Lv
- Tianjin Medical University, School of Nursing, Tianjin, Peoples R China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University, School of Nursing, Tianjin, Peoples R China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Tianjin Medical University, School of Nursing, Tianjin, Peoples R China
| | - Xueying Xu
- Tianjin Medical University, School of Nursing, Tianjin, Peoples R China
| | - Yuan He
- Tianjin Medical University, School of Nursing, Tianjin, Peoples R China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Tianjin Medical University, School of Nursing, Tianjin, Peoples R China
| | - Hairong Chang
- Tianjin Medical University, School of Nursing, Tianjin, Peoples R China
| | - Xiaoying Zang
- Tianjin Medical University, School of Nursing, Tianjin, Peoples R China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Tianjin Medical University, School of Nursing, Tianjin, Peoples R China
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Fisher RS, Dattilo TM, DeLone AM, Basile NL, Kenney AE, Hill KN, Chang HF, Gerhardt CA, Mullins LL. The study of psychosocial outcomes of parents bereaved by pediatric illness: a scoping review of methodology and sample composition. J Pediatr Psychol 2024; 49:207-223. [PMID: 38423530 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parents of children who died of a medical condition experience a range of psychosocial outcomes. The current scoping review aims to summarize the outcomes assessed, methodology, and sample characteristics of recent psychosocial research conducted with this population. METHODS Included studies were limited to peer-reviewed, psychosocial outcomes research published between August 2011 and August 2022, written in English, and including caregiver study participants of children who died of a medical condition. Data sources were scholarly journal articles from 9 electronic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, Academic Search Primer, ProQuest Research Library, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool-2018 evaluated methodological quality. RESULTS The study sample included 106 studies, most of which were either qualitative (60%) or quantitative (29%). Mixed-methods studies (8%) and randomized clinical trials (2%) were also identified. Study quality was variable, but most studies met all quality criteria (73%). Studies primarily represented cancer populations (58%), White participants (71%), and mothers (66%). Risk-based psychosocial outcomes (e.g., grief) were more commonly assessed than resilience-based outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The current scoping review revealed that recent research assessing the psychosocial outcomes of bereaved parents is limited in the representation of diverse populations, primarily qualitative, of broadly strong methodological quality, and oriented to psychosocial risk. To enhance the state of the science and inform evidence-based psychosocial services, future research should consider varied methodologies to comprehensively assess processes of risk and resilience with demographically and medically diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Taylor M Dattilo
- Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Alexandra M DeLone
- Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Nathan L Basile
- Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Ansley E Kenney
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kylie N Hill
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hui-Fen Chang
- William E. Brock Memorial Library, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Cynthia A Gerhardt
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Larry L Mullins
- Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
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Li P, Gao C, Yu L, Gao L, Cai R, Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Buchman AS, Hu K. Delineating cognitive resilience using fractal regulation: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from the Rush Memory and Aging Project. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38497429 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Degradation of fractal patterns in actigraphy independently predicts dementia risk. Such observations motivated the study to understand the role of fractal regulation in the context of neuropathologies. METHODS We examined associations of fractal regulation with neuropathologies and longitudinal cognitive changes in 533 older participants who were followed annually with actigraphy and cognitive assessments until death with brain autopsy performed. Two measures for fractal patterns were extracted from actigraphy, namely, α1 (representing the fractal regulation at time scales of <90 min) and α2 (for time scales 2 to 10 h). RESULTS We found that larger α1 was associated with lower burdens of Lewy body disease or cerebrovascular disease pathologies; both α1 and α2 were associated with cognitive decline. They explained an additional significant portion of the variance in the rate of cognitive decline above and beyond neuropathologies. DISCUSSION Fractal patterns may be used as a biomarker for cognitive resilience against dementia-related neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chenlu Gao
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ruixue Cai
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kun Hu
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Yurgil KA, Ricca H, Baker DG. Resilience after combat: A prospective, longitudinal study of Marines and Navy Corpsmen. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241236539. [PMID: 38494607 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241236539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Resilience is common, yet our understanding of key biopsychosocial and environmental correlates is limited. Additionally, perceived resilience is often conflated with absence of psychiatric symptoms. Here we leverage prospective, longitudinal data from 1835 Marines and Navy Corpsmen to examine predictors of perceived resilience 3 months after a combat deployment, while controlling for pre-deployment and concurrent psychiatric symptoms. Marines and Corpsmen did not differ significantly on psychosocial or clinical factors, and 50.4% reported high perceived resilience after deployment. Across groups, the strongest predictors of post-deployment perceived resilience were pre-deployment perceived resilience, positive emotions, and social support. Concurrent depression was the only clinical symptom negatively associated with perceived resilience. Our findings suggest that perceived resilience is a multi-dimensional construct that involves both psychosocial and personality factors, including but not limited to low psychopathology. Notably, establishing strong social support networks and encouraging positive emotions may help promote resilience following deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Yurgil
- Loyola University New Orleans, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, USA
| | | | - Dewleen G Baker
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, USA
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, USA
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Boyd M, Ragnarsson S, Terry S, Payne B, Wilson N. Mitigating imported fuel dependency in agricultural production: Case study of an island nation's vulnerability to global catastrophic risks. Risk Anal 2024. [PMID: 38492971 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
A major global catastrophe would likely disrupt trade in liquid fuels. Countries dependent on imported oil products might struggle to sustain industrial agriculture. Island nations importing 100% of refined fuels are particularly vulnerable. Our case study aimed to estimate the agricultural land area and biofuel volumes needed to feed the population of New Zealand in the absence of trade. Results showed that stored diesel would quickly be exhausted with ordinary use (weeks) and even with strict rationing (months). To preserve fuel, we found that farming wheat (requiring as little as 5.4 million liters [L] of diesel per annum) was more fuel-efficient than potatoes (12.3) or dairy (38.7) to feed the national population under a climate-as-usual scenario. In a nuclear winter scenario, with reduced agricultural yields, proportionately greater diesel is needed. The wheat would require 24% of current grain-cropped land, and the canola crop used as feedstock for the required biofuel would occupy a further 1%-7%. Investment in canola biodiesel or renewable diesel refineries could ensure supply for the bare minimum agricultural liquid fuel needs. Were subsequent analysis to favor this option as part of a fuels resilience response and as a tradeoff for routine food use, expansion in refining and canola cropping before a catastrophe could be encouraged through market mechanisms, direct government investment, or a combination of these. Logistics of biofuel refining scale-up, post-catastrophe, should also be analyzed. Further, biodiesel produced in normal times would help the nation meet its emissions reduction targets. Other countries should conduct similar analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Boyd
- Adapt Research Ltd, Reefton, New Zealand
| | | | - Simon Terry
- NZ Sustainability Council, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ben Payne
- Adapt Research Ltd, Reefton, New Zealand
| | - Nick Wilson
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Elisseou S, Shamaskin-Garroway A, Kopstick AJ, Potter J, Weil A, Gundacker C, Moreland-Capuia A. Leading Organizations From Burnout to Trauma-Informed Resilience: A Vital Paradigm Shift. Perm J 2024; 28:198-205. [PMID: 38332699 PMCID: PMC10940251 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/23.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadie Elisseou
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Health Care System, Harvard Medical School, and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Shamaskin-Garroway
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Avi Joshua Kopstick
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Potter
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy Weil
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Constance Gundacker
- Department of Pediatrics—General and Community, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Leitch L, McCaw B. Time to Move Forward: Resilience and Trauma-Informed Care. Perm J 2024; 28:188-192. [PMID: 37862407 PMCID: PMC10940242 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/23.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brigid McCaw
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Sonu S, Mann K, Potter J, Rush P, Stillerman A. Toward Integration of Trauma, Resilience, and Equity Theory and Practice: A Narrative Review and Call for Consilience. Perm J 2024; 28:151-168. [PMID: 38206776 PMCID: PMC10940235 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/23.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Investigating the roots of health and illness has inspired unprecedented growth in research on trauma and adversity across academic and scientific disciplines. Can this science achieve its potential? How? Much of this research remains siloed and fragmented, limiting integrative approaches to translating science into a unified paradigm. From age-old traditions to the health, social, and basic sciences, this established and rapidly growing body of work has overwhelmingly found that experiences, both positive and negative, profoundly influence life course health. Such convergence across disciplines highlights the complex, intersectional nature and impact of experiences and reveals consilience: agreement of findings across diverse fields. This narrative review explored 400 sources to curate a representative sample of 98 tracing the evolution of trauma theory and practice from the 19th century to the present. It emphasizes research from 1970 to 2022, with a specific focus on adverse childhood experiences, everyday discrimination, sexual and gender minority stress, acculturative stress, and positive childhood experiences. This research reveals how experiences are a cause, catalyst, and key ingredient of health or of illness, disability, and disparities. The review also proposes steps toward a unified paradigm and showcases innovative integrated models and applications. These examples provide a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding and lead to more effective solutions. Recognition of consilience can connect multidimensional insights on trauma, resilience, and equity to spark further cross-sector innovations toward health, prevention, and justice. Realizing the promise of consilience will require a new era of radical intentionality, ongoing dialogue, and interdisciplinary collaboration to achieve necessary system transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan Sonu
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Patricia Rush
- The Center for Collaborative Study of Trauma, Health Equity, and Neurobiology, Chicago, IL, USA
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Elliott M, Khallouf C, Hirsch J, de Camps Meschino D, Zamir O, Ravitz P. Novel Web-Based Drop-In Mindfulness Sessions (Pause-4-Providers) to Enhance Well-Being Among Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Descriptive and Qualitative Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e43875. [PMID: 38180869 PMCID: PMC10941832 DOI: 10.2196/43875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic exerted extraordinary pressure on health care workers (HCWs), imperiling their well-being and mental health. In response to the urgent demand to provide barrier-free support for the health care workforce, Pause-4-Providers implemented 30-minute live web-based drop-in mindfulness sessions for HCWs. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the use, feasibility, satisfaction, and acceptability of a novel mindfulness program aimed at enhancing the well-being of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Accrual for the study continued throughout the first 3 pandemic waves, and attendees of ≥1 session were invited to participate. The evaluation framework included descriptive characteristics, including participant demographics, resilience at work, and single-item burnout scores; feedback questionnaires on reasons attended, benefits, and satisfaction; qualitative interviews to further understand participant experience, satisfaction, benefits, enablers, and barriers; and the number of participants in each session summarized according to the pandemic wave. RESULTS We collected descriptive statistics from 50 consenting HCWs. Approximately half of the participants (24/50, 48%) attended >1 session. The study participants were predominantly female individuals (40/50, 80%) and comprised physicians (17/50, 34%), nurses (9/50, 18%), and other HCWs (24/50, 48%), who were largely from Ontario (41/50, 82%). Of 50 attendees, 26 (52%) endorsed feeling burned out. The highest attendance was in May 2020 and January 2021, corresponding to the first and second pandemic waves. The participants endorsed high levels of satisfaction (43/47, 92%). The most cited reasons for attending the program were to relax (38/48, 79%), manage stress or anxiety (36/48, 75%), wish for loving kindness or self-compassion (30/48, 64%), learn mindfulness (30/48, 64%), and seek help with emotional reactivity (25/48, 53%). Qualitative interviews with 15 out of 50 (30%) participants identified positive personal and professional impacts. Personal impacts revealed that participation helped HCWs to relax, manage stress, care for themselves, sleep better, reduce isolation, and feel recognized. Professional impacts included having a toolbox of mindfulness techniques, using mindfulness moments, and being calmer at work. Some participants noted that they shared techniques with their colleagues. The reported barriers included participants' needing time to prioritize themselves, fatigue, forgetting to apply skills on the job, and finding a private place to participate. CONCLUSIONS The Pause-4-Providers participants reported that the web-based groups were accessible; appreciated the format, content, and faculty; and had high levels of satisfaction with the program. Both novel format (eg, drop-in, live, web-based, anonymous, brief, and shared activity with other HCWs) and content (eg, themed mindfulness practices including micropractices, with workplace applications) were enablers to participation. This study of HCW support sessions was limited by the low number of consenting participants and the rolling enrollment project design; however, the findings suggest that a drop-in web-based mindfulness program has the potential to support the well-being of HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Elliott
- Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Camille Khallouf
- Department of Psychiatry, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Hirsch
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Diane de Camps Meschino
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Orit Zamir
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Academic Pain Medicine Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paula Ravitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
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McCoy TP, Sauer PA, Sha S. Resilience in Nurses: The Reliability and Validity of the Resilience Scale TM. J Nurs Meas 2024; 32:106-116. [PMID: 37348895 DOI: 10.1891/jnm-2022-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose: The Resilience ScaleTM (RS) RS-25 and shortened RS-14 have measured resilience but not with nurses. Our purpose was to investigate both for nurses. Methods: A random sample of 345 registered nurses from the North Carolina Board of Nursing completed an online questionnaire. Parallel analysis, factor analysis, and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed. Results: Previous RS factor models had poor confirmatory factor analysis fit. Exploratory factor analysis and item analyses suggested removing items. Good fit was found for an "RS-13" using a bifactor approach. Adequate internal consistency was demonstrated (omega = 0.77-0.90). The RS-13 general factor gave similar accuracy for bullying, physical and mental quality of life, stress, and intent to leave. Conclusions: A shortened RS is comparable in reliability, construct, and convergent validity. It measures nurse resilience well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P McCoy
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro School of Nursing, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Penny A Sauer
- UNC Wilmington School of Nursing, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Shuying Sha
- University of Louisville School of Nursing, Louisville, KY, USA
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Javidi Z, Prior KN, Bond MJ. Dimensions of Resilience and Their Predictive Utility Among Clients With Anxiety Disorders or Depressive Disorders: A Factor Analytic Study. J Nurs Meas 2024; 32:117-128. [PMID: 37348886 DOI: 10.1891/jnm-2022-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale is a commonly used measure of resilience. However, while resilience is considered multidimensional, the specific dimensions embedded within this scale remain equivocal. The aim of this article was to contribute to this debate by analyzing responses from a large sample obtained within a mental health setting. Baseline data from 672 consecutive referrals to a publicly funded outpatient service for adults with anxiety and depression were subjected to exploratory factor analysis. Outcome data from 349 of these participants who had completed treatment were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. Both analytical strategies suggested that two dimensions were evident (Adaptability and Tenacity), although comparisons of Adaptability and Tenacity across sociodemographic, diagnostic, psychological distress, and functional impairment variables provided little support for their discriminability. The practical utility to mental health nurses of subcomponents of resilience remains clinically persuasive yet empirically elusive with current instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Javidi
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kirsty N Prior
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Malcolm J Bond
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Xie SJ, Jing J, Li R, Yan SQ, Yu G, Xu ZJ. The impact of career calling on nurse burnout: A moderated mediation model. Int Nurs Rev 2024. [PMID: 38477788 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the mediating roles of occupational resilience and the moderationg role of perceived organizational support in the relationship between career calling and nurse burnout. BACKGROUND Burnout is a frequent and serious problem in the field of nursing, and it poses a serious threat to both nurses' health and patient safety. Although many studies have described the links between burnout, career calling, and occupational resilience, little is known about the actual mechanisms between career calling and nurse burnout. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 615 nurses in China was conducted using a convenience sampling method. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation models and bootstrapping methods. STROBE guidelines were followed. RESULTS Career calling was found to be negatively associated with nurse burnout, and occupational resilience mediated the relationship between career calling and burnout. Additionally, perceived organizational support was found to play a moderating role in the relationship between occupational resilience and burnout. CONCLUSION Career calling can reduce burnout by increasing nurses' levels of occupational resilience, and perceived organizational support moderates this mechanism. Hence, policies focused on encouraging and sustaining career calling should be provided by nurse managers in order to enhance stress resistance and reduce burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Xie
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Jing
- Department of Nursing, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Nursing, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi-Qiong Yan
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gui Yu
- Department of Nursing, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ze-Jun Xu
- Department of Nursing, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Öksüz Kargın D, Dil S. The effect of caregivers' care burden and psychological resilience on the psychosocial adjustment of patients with open heart surgery in Turkey. Soc Work Health Care 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38477303 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2024.2324857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study investigated the effect of caregivers' care (n = 100) burden and psychological resilience on the psychosocial adjustment of patients (n = 100) with open heart surgery. Patients had poor psychosocial adjustment. Caregivers who felt incompetent in providing care had a higher care burden and a lower psychological resilience than those who did not. In addition, patients whose caregivers had higher resilience and lower burden of care had better psychosocial adjustment. The results of this study compellingly demonstrate the importance and necessity of supportive and preventive clinical social work interventions to enhance patients' adaptation to a new lifestyle and compliance with treatment during the cardiac rehabilitation process, and reduce the burden on caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Öksüz Kargın
- Nursing, T.C Ankara Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital City/Country, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Satı Dil
- Psychiatric Nursing, Çankırı Karatekin University Faculty of Health Sciences, Çankırı, Turkey/
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Skinner CM, Kuijer RG. Self-compassion and health-related quality of life in individuals with endometriosis. Psychol Health 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38475983 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2325506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE International research highlights the detrimental impact of endometriosis on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), yet few studies have examined positive resources such as self-compassion and resilience as correlates. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationship between self-compassion and HRQoL in individuals with endometriosis in Aotearoa New Zealand. Resilience and perceived symptom severity were examined as potential mediators. METHODS AND MEASURES Six hundred and three individuals with endometriosis completed an online questionnaire measuring demographic and endometriosis-related information, endometriosis symptoms (number and severity), HRQoL, self-compassion and resilience. RESULTS In line with international research, the current sample reported significant impairment in all aspects of HRQoL. As expected, those with higher levels of self-compassion reported less impairment in HRQoL, and this relationship was partially mediated by perceived symptom severity (all aspects of HRQoL). Resilience mediated the relationship between self-compassion and two aspects of HRQoL (emotional wellbeing and control/powerlessness). CONCLUSION These findings confirm that HRQoL is significantly impaired in individuals with endometriosis in Aotearoa New Zealand and point to the potential role of self-compassion and resilience as protective factors in encouraging positive coping styles to manage symptoms and maintain high HRQoL. Interventions targeting self-compassion may be a promising tool to improve wellbeing in individuals with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Skinner
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Roeline G Kuijer
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Ferbežar N, Kopinič A, Gavriloski Tretjak M. Elements of Minority Stress and Resilience in LGBTQ+ Students' Experience of Education. J Homosex 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38470515 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2024.2326473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the experiences of minority stress and resilience among LGBTQ+ students in educational settings and identifies critical contributors to their well-being. To highlight the unique educational experiences of LGBTQ+ participants a qualitative research strategy was employed. We conducted narrative interviews with 27 LGBTQ+ people aged 17 to 41 who are or have been enrolled in primary, secondary or tertiary education in Slovenia. The results indicate that minority stress is a significant in their educational experiences, with various deleterious effects. The testimonies of our respondents indicate, albeit to a lesser extent, that the education system can enhance the resilience of LGBTQ+ youth and mitigate the negative impacts of minority stress. This study confirms prior research on minority stress effects on LGBTQ+ individuals. It asserts that LGBTQ+ youth experience minority stress within the education system, while emphasizing that certain aspects of resilience can significantly mitigate these negative effects. As social support emerged as a significant factor in our study, it would be reasonable to investigate how school personnel can enhance LGBT youths' resilience in the future. Additionally, it would be beneficial to investigate how the support of peers and (chosen) families influences the school experiences of LGBTQ+ students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Ferbežar
- Department of Social Pedagogy, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Alja Kopinič
- Adult Mental Health Department, Health Center, Sevnica, Slovenia
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Mohamed Nur M, Aweesha H, Elsharif M, Esawi A, Omer A, Musa M. Humanitarian-Development Nexus: strengthening health system preparedness, response and resilience capacities to address COVID-19 in Sudan-case study of repositioning external assistance model and focus. Health Policy Plan 2024; 39:327-331. [PMID: 38217482 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic and the establishment of a new transitional government in Sudan with rejuvenated relations with the international community paved the way for external assistance to the EU COVID-19 response project, a project with a pioneering design within the region. The project sought to operationalize the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, perceiving the nexus as a continuum rather than sequential due to the protracted nature of emergencies in Sudan and their multiplicity and contextual complexity. It went further into enhancing peace through engaging with conflict and post-conflict-affected states and communities and empowering local actors. Learning from this experience, external assistance models to low- or middle-income countries (LMICs) should apply principles of flexibility and adaptability, while maintaining trust through transparency in exchange, to ensure sustainable and responsive action to domestic needs within changing contexts. Careful selection and diverse project team skills, early and continuous engagement with stakeholders, and robust planning, monitoring and evaluation processes were the project highlights. Yet, the challenges of political turmoil, changing Ministry of Health leadership, competing priorities and inactive coordination mechanisms had to be dealt with. While applying such an approach of a health system lens to health emergencies in LMICs is thought to be a success factor in this case, more robust technical guidance to the nexus implementation is crucial and can be best attained through encouraging further case reports analysing context-specific practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Mohamed Nur
- Development of Health System Unit, World Health Organisation, Nile Avenue, Othman Digna St., Khartoum 2234, Sudan
| | - Huzeifa Aweesha
- Development of Health System Unit, World Health Organisation, Nile Avenue, Othman Digna St., Khartoum 2234, Sudan
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umea University, NUS 5B Destination PA, Umea 90185, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud Elsharif
- Development of Health System Unit, World Health Organisation, Nile Avenue, Othman Digna St., Khartoum 2234, Sudan
| | - Ahmed Esawi
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Health Sciences Building, 155 College Street, Suite 425, Toronto M5T 3M6, Canada
| | - Arwa Omer
- International Health Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, Nile Avenue, Othman Digna St., Khartoum 303, Sudan
- University of Medical Sciences and Technology, AlRiyad, Africa Street, Khartoum 12810, Sudan
| | - Mohamed Musa
- Development of Health System Unit, World Health Organisation, Nile Avenue, Othman Digna St., Khartoum 2234, Sudan
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Zhong KX, Chan AM, Collicutt B, Daspe M, Finke JF, Foss M, Green TJ, Harley CDG, Hesketh AV, Miller KM, Otto SP, Rolheiser K, Saunders R, Sutherland BJG, Suttle CA. The prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiome of Pacific oyster spat is shaped by ocean warming but not acidification. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024:e0005224. [PMID: 38466091 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00052-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pacific oysters (Magallana gigas, a.k.a. Crassostrea gigas), the most widely farmed oysters, are under threat from climate change and emerging pathogens. In part, their resilience may be affected by their microbiome, which, in turn, may be influenced by ocean warming and acidification. To understand these impacts, we exposed early-development Pacific oyster spat to different temperatures (18°C and 24°C) and pCO2 levels (800, 1,600, and 2,800 µatm) in a fully crossed design for 3 weeks. Under all conditions, the microbiome changed over time, with a large decrease in the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic ciliates (Uronema marinum) in all treatments with time. The microbiome composition differed significantly with temperature, but not acidification, indicating that Pacific oyster spat microbiomes can be altered by ocean warming but is resilient to ocean acidification in our experiments. Microbial taxa differed in relative abundance with temperature, implying different adaptive strategies and ecological specializations among microorganisms. Additionally, a small proportion (~0.2% of the total taxa) of the relatively abundant microbial taxa were core constituents (>50% occurrence among samples) across different temperatures, pCO2 levels, or time. Some taxa, including A4b bacteria and members of the family Saprospiraceae in the phyla Chloroflexi (syn. Chloroflexota) and Bacteroidetes (syn. Bacteroidota), respectively, as well as protists in the genera Labyrinthula and Aplanochytrium in the class Labyrinthulomycetes, and Pseudoperkinsus tapetis in the class Ichthyosporea were core constituents across temperatures, pCO2 levels, and time, suggesting that they play an important, albeit unknown, role in maintaining the structural and functional stability of the Pacific oyster spat microbiome in response to ocean warming and acidification. These findings highlight the flexibility of the spat microbiome to environmental changes.IMPORTANCEPacific oysters are the most economically important and widely farmed species of oyster, and their production depends on healthy oyster spat. In turn, spat health and productivity are affected by the associated microbiota; yet, studies have not scrutinized the effects of temperature and pCO2 on the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiomes of spat. Here, we show that both the prokaryotic and, for the first time, eukaryotic microbiome of Pacific oyster spat are surprisingly resilient to changes in acidification, but sensitive to ocean warming. The findings have potential implications for oyster survival amid climate change and underscore the need to understand temperature and pCO2 effects on the microbiome and the cascading effects on oyster health and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Xu Zhong
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy M Chan
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Maxim Daspe
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jan F Finke
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan Foss
- Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Timothy J Green
- Centre for Shellfish Research, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher D G Harley
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amelia V Hesketh
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristina M Miller
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah P Otto
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Ben J G Sutherland
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Curtis A Suttle
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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40
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Xu Y, Zhang W, Wang J, Guo Z, Ma W. The effects of clinical learning environment and career adaptability on resilience: A mediating analysis based on a survey of nursing interns. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38468419 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resilience education of intern nursing students has significant implications for the development and improvement of the nursing workforce. The clinical internship period is a critical time for enhancing resilience. AIMS To evaluate the resilience level of Chinese nursing interns and explore the effects of factors affecting resilience early in their careers, focusing on the mediating roles of career adaptability between clinical learning environment and resilience. METHODS The cross-sectional study design was adopted. From March 2022 to May 2023, 512 nursing interns in tertiary care hospitals were surveyed online with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Clinical Learning Environment Scale for Nurse and the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale. Structural equation modelling was used to clarify the relationships among these factors. Indirect effects were tested using bootstrapped confidence intervals. RESULTS The nursing interns showed a moderately high level of resilience [M (SD) = 70.15 (19.90)]. Gender, scholastic attainment, scholarship, career adaptability and clinical learning environment were influencing factors of nursing interns' resilience. Male interns with good academic performance showed higher levels of resilience. Career adaptability and clinical learning environment positively and directly affected their resilience level (β = 0.62, 0.18, respectively, p < .01). Career adaptability was also positively affected by the clinical learning environment (β = 0.36, p < .01), and mediated the effect of clinical learning environment on resilience (β = 0.22, p < .01). CONCLUSION Clinical learning environment can positively affect the resilience level of nursing interns. Career adaptability can affect resilience directly and also play a mediating role between clinical learning environment and resilience. Thus, promotion of career adaptability and clinical teaching environment should be the potential strategies for nursing interns to improve their resilience, especially for female nursing interns with low academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Xu
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wanting Zhang
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Guo
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguang Ma
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Oldfield J, Stevenson A. After the fire: An ecological, phenomenological exploration of resilience-building following the Fuego volcanic eruption in Guatemala. Am J Community Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38461376 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Combining ecological resilience theory with a phenomenological epistemology, we explored experiential, social, and cultural factors mediating resilience-building with participants from a village destroyed by the 2018 Fuego volcanic eruption in Guatemala. The purpose of the study is to find out what strategies displaced families and communities employ for living through the aftermath of a volcano eruption and for building psychological resilience. We conducted semistructured interviews with nine survivors of the Fuego eruption, now relocated and coping with the loss of community and family members killed in the disaster. Interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to analyze transcripts. The analysis produced four main themes: (i) individual and collective challenges, (ii) social support and protection, (iii) faith and culturally endorsed belief, and (iv) looking to the future. As well as learning more about how a community faced challenges presented by a volcano eruption, the current study has a degree of transferability, with implications for understanding how other communities experience and cope with such events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Oldfield
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Stevenson
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Li T, Ge L, Zhao R, Peng C, Zhou X, Li P, Liu Z, Song H, Tang J, Zhang C, Li Q, Wang M, Zou Z. Phenolic compounds weaken the impact of drought on soil enzyme activity in global wetlands. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1372866. [PMID: 38525071 PMCID: PMC10957752 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1372866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil enzymes play a central role in carbon and nutrient cycling, and their activities can be affected by drought-induced oxygen exposure. However, a systematic global estimate of enzyme sensitivity to drought in wetlands is still lacking. Through a meta-analysis of 55 studies comprising 761 paired observations, this study found that phosphorus-related enzyme activity increased by 38% as result of drought in wetlands, while the majority of other soil enzyme activities remained stable. The expansion of vascular plants under long-term drought significantly promoted the accumulation of phenolic compounds. Using a 2-week incubation experiment with phenol supplementation, we found that phosphorus-related enzyme could tolerate higher biotoxicity of phenolic compounds than other enzymes. Moreover, a long-term (35 years) drainage experiment in a northern peatland in China confirmed that the increased phenolic concentration in surface layer resulting from a shift in vegetation composition inhibited the increase in enzyme activities caused by rising oxygen availability, except for phosphorus-related enzyme. Overall, these results demonstrate the complex and resilient nature of wetland ecosystems, with soil enzymes showing a high degree of adaptation to drought conditions. These new insights could help evaluate the impact of drought on future wetland ecosystem services and provide a theoretical foundation for the remediation of degraded wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Leming Ge
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruotong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Department of Biology Science, Institute of Environment Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaolu Zhou
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zelin Liu
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hanxiong Song
- Department of Biology Science, Institute of Environment Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jiayi Tang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Cicheng Zhang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziying Zou
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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43
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Masten AS. Emergence and evolution of developmental resilience science over half a century. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38456302 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
This reflection on the history and future of developmental resilience science (DRS) highlights its co-emergence with developmental psychopathology (DP), as well as the roles of this journal and its founding editor, Dante Cicchetti, in the evolution of these intertwined domains of scholarship. A remarkable constellation of scholars at the University of Minnesota shaped the course of both conceptual frameworks and their dissemination. I describe fundamental assumptions common to DP and DRS frameworks that reflect their common roots and the pervasive influence of systems theory on developmental science. I describe four waves of DRS and key principles of DRS at the present time. In conclusion, I consider the possibility that a fifth wave of DRS is emerging with a focus on understanding patterns of multisystem, multilevel processes of resilience and their implications for interventions in the context of interacting, interdependent, and complex adaptive systems. I close this commentary with questions for future research and a hopeful outlook on the future of human resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann S Masten
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Perales-Puchalt J, Peltzer J, Fracachan-Cabrera M, Perez GA, Ramírez M, Greiner KA, Burns JM. Authors' Response to Peer Reviews of "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Latino Families With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias: Qualitative Interviews With Family Caregivers and Primary Care Providers". JMIRx Med 2024; 5:e56439. [PMID: 38509604 DOI: 10.2196/56439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Perales-Puchalt
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, United States
| | - Jill Peltzer
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Monica Fracachan-Cabrera
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - G Adriana Perez
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mariana Ramírez
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - K Allen Greiner
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Jeffrey Murray Burns
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, United States
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Perales-Puchalt J, Peltzer J, Fracachan-Cabrera M, Perez GA, Ramírez M, Greiner KA, Burns JM. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Latino Families With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias: Qualitative Interviews With Family Caregivers and Primary Care Providers. JMIRx Med 2024; 5:e42211. [PMID: 38488740 DOI: 10.2196/42211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Latino individuals experience disparities in the care of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) and have disproportionately high COVID-19 infection and death outcomes. Objective We aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among Latino families with ADRD in the United States. Methods This was a qualitative study of 21 informal caregivers of Latino individuals with ADRD and 23 primary care providers who serve Latino patients. We recruited participants nationwide using convenience and snowball sampling methods and conducted remote interviews in English and Spanish. We organized the transcripts for qualitative review to identify codes and themes, using a pragmatic approach, a qualitative description methodology, and thematic analysis methods. Results Qualitative analysis of transcripts revealed eight themes, including (1) the pandemic influenced mental and emotional health; (2) the pandemic impacted physical domains of health; (3) caregivers and care recipients lost access to engaging activities during the confinement; (4) the pandemic impacted Latino caregivers' working situation; (5) the pandemic impacted health care and community care systems; (6) health care and community care systems took measures to reduce the impact of the pandemic; (7) Latino families experienced barriers to remote communication during the pandemic; and (8) caregiver social support was critical for reducing social isolation and its sequalae. Conclusions Latino families with ADRD experienced similar but also unique impacts compared to those reported in the general population. Unique impacts may result from Latino individuals' underserved status in the United States, commonly held cultural values, and their intersectionality with ADRD-related disability. Family caregiver social support was crucial during this time of adversity. These findings suggest the need for more equitable access, culturally appropriate and trustworthy content and delivery of health care and community services, as well as stronger financial and social supports for family caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Perales-Puchalt
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, United States
| | - Jill Peltzer
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Monica Fracachan-Cabrera
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - G Adriana Perez
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mariana Ramírez
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - K Allen Greiner
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Jeffrey Murray Burns
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, United States
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Ventus D, Söderberg P. Are In-the-Moment Resilience Processes Predicted by Questionnaire-Based Measures of Resilience? Assessment 2024:10731911241234220. [PMID: 38456257 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241234220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Research on resilience is a growing field, and resilience has been conceptualized and operationalized in multiple ways. The aim of this study was to compare the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS), a conventional measure of resilience, with within-person process indicators derived from experience sampling method (ESM). A sample of 177 teachers from southern Finland participated in the study, commencing with a startup session followed by an 8-day ESM period. Through twice-daily prompts, participants reported their immediate positive and negative affect as well as recent stressors encountered, such as workload and challenging social interactions. As expected, within-person variation in affect was predicted by stressors. However, contrary to expectations, individual differences in affective reactivity to stressors were not predicted by BRCS (βpositive affect [95% CI] = -.20, [-.51, .11]; βnegative affect = .33, [-.07, .69]). Item response theory analyses of the BRCS revealed problems with precision. The results call into question the validity of measuring resilience using single administrations of retrospective self-report questionnaires such as the BRCS.
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Filipović D, Novak B, Xiao J, Tadić P, Turck CW. Prefrontal Cortex Cytosolic Proteome and Machine Learning-Based Predictors of Resilience toward Chronic Social Isolation in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3026. [PMID: 38474271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic social isolation (CSIS) generates two stress-related phenotypes: resilience and susceptibility. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CSIS resilience remain unclear. We identified altered proteome components and biochemical pathways and processes in the prefrontal cortex cytosolic fraction in CSIS-resilient rats compared to CSIS-susceptible and control rats using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry followed by label-free quantification and STRING bioinformatics. A sucrose preference test was performed to distinguish rat phenotypes. Potential predictive proteins discriminating between the CSIS-resilient and CSIS-susceptible groups were identified using machine learning (ML) algorithms: support vector machine-based sequential feature selection and random forest-based feature importance scores. Predominantly, decreased levels of some glycolytic enzymes, G protein-coupled receptor proteins, the Ras subfamily of GTPases proteins, and antioxidant proteins were found in the CSIS-resilient vs. CSIS-susceptible groups. Altered levels of Gapdh, microtubular, cytoskeletal, and calcium-binding proteins were identified between the two phenotypes. Increased levels of proteins involved in GABA synthesis, the proteasome system, nitrogen metabolism, and chaperone-mediated protein folding were identified. Predictive proteins make CSIS-resilient vs. CSIS-susceptible groups linearly separable, whereby a 100% validation accuracy was achieved by ML models. The overall ratio of significantly up- and downregulated cytosolic proteins suggests adaptive cellular alterations as part of the stress-coping process specific for the CSIS-resilient phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Filipović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Božidar Novak
- Proteomics and Biomarkers, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Jinqiu Xiao
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Predrag Tadić
- School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Christoph W Turck
- Proteomics and Biomarkers, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650107, China
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48
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Poku OB, Ahmed A, Liotta L, Kluisza L, Robbins RN, Abrams EJ, Mellins CA. Aidsimpact 2023: "We did more than survive": lessons learned from studies of risk and resilience of young people growing up with HIV and mental health needs. AIDS Care 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38446048 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2024.2308745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Despite advances in HIV-treatment, adolescents and young adults (AYA) with HIV (AYAHIV) face myriad challenges. They are less likely than children and older adults to be virally suppressed and are at higher risk for mental health conditions compared to their peers who do not have HIV. AYA are also developing in the context of numerous biomedical, neurocognitive, and psychosocial developmental changes. Normative challenges during this time can be exacerbated by HIV and can result in significant physical and mental health problems. Yet, many AYAHIV have shown resilience with positive assets and resources and few health or mental health problems. Historically research has had a risk-focused approach to understanding AYAHIV needs. This paper discusses the rationale for a shift from a risk-focused only approach to one that examines AYAHIV needs from both a risk and resilience perspective. This paper presents: (1) epidemiological data on AYAHIV; (2) conceptual models for understanding both risk (e.g., poverty, stress, trauma, limited resources) and resilience/protective factors (e.g., family and peer support, future orientation, problem-solving skills); (3) global data examining risk and protective factors for physical and mental health challenges; and (4) promising interventions that incorporate elements of resilience to improve overall outcomes among AYAHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohemaa B Poku
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Afifa Ahmed
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucy Liotta
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luke Kluisza
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Reuben N Robbins
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaine J Abrams
- ICAP at Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health and Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Claude A Mellins
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Zhou Y, Li T. The role of implicit theories of intelligence and personality in older adults' resilience: cognitive functioning and social participation as two mediators. Aging Ment Health 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38444324 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2323950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Resilience during old age reflects the capacity to adapt to changes and challenges associated with normative aging and is an important component of successful aging. Belief in the incremental theory of intelligence and personality could help older adults maintain cognitive functioning and social engagement, which may further contribute to their resilience. The current study investigated how implicit theories of intelligence and personality affected older adults' resilience and examined cognitive functioning and social participation as two mediators. METHOD A total of 108 older adults aged 60-92 were recruited and completed relevant scales and cognitive tasks. Path analyses were conducted to estimate the expected mediation model. RESULTS The incremental theory of intelligence, but not personality, was positively related to older adults' resilience. Both cognitive functioning and social participation mediated the effect of the implicit theory of intelligence in the model without covariates. When background variables were controlled, the mediation effect of cognitive functioning remained significant, while the link between the implicit theory of intelligence and social participation was weakened. CONCLUSION Older adults' implicit theory of intelligence plays a significant role in fostering resilience in late adulthood, especially through maintaining older adults' cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatian Zhou
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen
| | - Tianyuan Li
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen
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Nair AK, Adluru N, Finley AJ, Gresham LK, Skinner SE, Alexander AL, Davidson RJ, Ryff CD, Schaefer SM. Purpose in life as a resilience factor for brain health: diffusion MRI findings from the Midlife in the U.S. study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1355998. [PMID: 38505799 PMCID: PMC10948414 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1355998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction A greater sense of purpose in life is associated with several health benefits relevant for active aging, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We evaluated if purpose in life was associated with indices of brain health. Methods We examined data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Neuroscience Project. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging data (n=138; mean age 65.2 years, age range 48-95; 80 females; 37 black, indigenous, and people of color) were used to estimate microstructural indices of brain health such as axonal density, and axonal orientation. The seven-item purpose in life scale was used. Permutation analysis of linear models was used to examine associations between purpose in life scores and the diffusion metrics in white matter and in the bilateral hippocampus, adjusting for age, sex, education, and race. Results and discussion Greater sense of purpose in life was associated with brain microstructural features consistent with better brain health. Positive associations were found in both white matter and the right hippocampus, where multiple convergent associations were detected. The hippocampus is a brain structure involved in learning and memory that is vulnerable to stress but retains the capacity to grow and adapt through old age. Our findings suggest pathways through which an enhanced sense of purpose in life may contribute to better brain health and promote healthy aging. Since purpose in life is known to decline with age, interventions and policy changes that facilitate a greater sense of purpose may extend and improve the brain health of individuals and thus improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Nair
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nagesh Adluru
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Anna J. Finley
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lauren K. Gresham
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sarah E. Skinner
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Andrew L. Alexander
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Richard J. Davidson
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Carol D. Ryff
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Stacey M. Schaefer
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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