1
|
Lippert VF, Bresciani E, Mota EG, Bittencourt HR, Kramer PF, Spohr AM. In vitro comparison of one-step, two-step, and three-step polishing systems on the surface roughness and gloss of different resin composites. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:785-795. [PMID: 38130085 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This laboratory study evaluated the effect of three polishing systems on the surface roughness and gloss of resin composites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty specimens (6 mm Ø × 8 mm) were fabricated from each of three resin composites: Z 350 XT (nanofill), Harmonize (nanohybrid), and Estelite Omega (supranonofill). All specimens were photopolymerized using a multi-peak LED curing unit (VALO-Standard mode), having a exitance irradiance of approximately 1000 mW/cm2 against a polyester strip (PS). 2 mm was then removed from the irradiated end (finished) using #320 abrasive paper (F). Specimens were then randomly polished (P) using a one-step (1S) (OneGloss), two-step (2S) (EVE Diacomp Twist Basic CA), or 3-step (3S) (Astropol P) system (n = 10). For PS, F, and P groups, surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a surface roughness tester, and surface gloss was measured with a glossmeter. For each specimen, the percent recovery to the PS value (%R) of surface roughness and surface gloss were calculated. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test. Surface roughness and gloss values were submitted to Pearson's correlation test (α = 0.05). All statistical testing was performed using a pre-set alpha of 0.05. RESULTS The interaction term [resin composite × polishing system] was significant for both surface roughness (p = 0.001) and gloss (p = 0.0001). For all resin composites, the 2S and 3S systems provided a higher %R of surface roughness and gloss compared to those of the 1S system. There was a negative correlation between surface roughness and gloss, but only a few combinations showed strong correlations. CONCLUSIONS The 2S and 3S polishing systems provided surfaces having greater smoothness and gloss compared to the 1S system. The ability to recover surface roughness and gloss was dependent on type of resin composite filler classification. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The 3S and 2S polishing systems were more effective in achieving PS values than was the 1S system for all tested resin composites. However, individual polishing systems performed differently depending on type of resin composite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Funghetto Lippert
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bresciani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Gonçalves Mota
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Hélio Radke Bittencourt
- Department of Statistics, Polytechnic School, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Floriani Kramer
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Spohr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tuysuz OK, Gurses M. Changes in physical properties of universal composites and CAD/CAM materials after bleaching and antioxidant applications: Scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope evaluation. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:977-990. [PMID: 38183364 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of vital bleaching agents and the subsequent application of ascorbic acid (AA) to universal composites and resin-based CAD/CAM blocks on the physical properties of materials. In the study; G-enial A'chord (GCA), Filtek Ultimate (FU), Clearfil Majesty (CM) composites, and LAVA Ultimate (LU), Cerasmart (GCC) CAD/CAM blocks were used. The materials were divided into two subgroups based on the applied bleaching type (n = 30/group): office bleaching (OB) and home bleaching (HB). After bleaching, AA was applied to the samples. Surface roughness, microhardness, and color change values of all samples were measured at three stages: initial (I), post-bleaching (B), and post-bleaching+AA application (BA). Statistical analysis was performed using 3-way Mixed ANOVA with Bonferroni correction (p < .05). The BA of the HB group of CM; the B of the HB group of LU; the B roughness values of both the OB and HB groups of GCC were significantly lower than I. The microhardness values of all the materials examined decreased significantly after both bleaching (p < .05). With regard to the AA application, it significantly decreased Ra values in the HB group of CM. In addition, it significantly increased the microhardness values in the HB groups of CM and GCC. Also, the ΔE001 and ΔE002 values for the FU and GCC HB groups were significantly higher than in the OB groups (p < .05). Bleaching and AA application affected the physical properties of the materials. The physical properties of the materials either remained unchanged or improved with the application of AA after bleaching. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: This article presents in vitro results of a new approach that has not been studied before. Ascorbic acid, used to increase the bond strength between the material-tooth after bleaching, was used to eliminate the adverse effects of bleaching on the physical properties of aesthetic restorative materials. Additionally, the effects of all procedures on the materials were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). As a result of the study, it was concluded that the application of ascorbic acid after bleaching improved the physical properties of some of the materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Kaan Tuysuz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Restorative Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Merve Gurses
- Faculty of Dentistry, Restorative Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Antonova A, Eik M, Puttonen J. Characterisation of bond between cement paste and steel fibres with different surface roughness using SEM. J Microsc 2024; 294:233-238. [PMID: 38576376 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The performance of cementitious composites reinforced with fibres or/and bars depends on the bond strength between inclusion and cementitious matrix. The nature of formation of fibre-matrix bond is crucial for enhancing the reliability and utilisation of reinforced composites. The research provides a review on the recently published result about the changes in the microstructure of cement matrix surrounding steel fibres with different surface roughness, using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with k-means clustering algorithm for image segmentation. The debonding pattern of the fibre-matrix bond after the tensile loading cycles was discussed by observing the amount of adhered cement paste to the pulled out fibre surface with SEM. Therefore, analysis of SEM images enabled to explain the connection between the micro-scale properties of cement paste and fibre after application of cyclic loading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Antonova
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marika Eik
- Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jari Puttonen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Holthuizen P, Çopuroğlu O. Quantification of surface grinding during the sample preparation of cementitious materials by optical profilometry. J Microsc 2024; 294:128-136. [PMID: 38108514 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Sample preparation is of utmost importance for any microscopy and microstructural analysis. Correct preparation will allow accurate interpretation of microstructural features. A well-polished section is essential when scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used in backscattering electron (BSE) mode and characteristic X-rays are to be quantified using an energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) detector. However, obtaining a well-polished section, especially for cementitious materials containing aggregates, is considered to be challenging and requires experience. A sample preparation procedure consists of cutting, grinding and polishing. Undercutting of soft and brittle paste between harder aggregates can be overcome by vacuum epoxy impregnation offering mechanical support in the matrix. Furthermore, most of the attention during the sample preparation is given to the polishing of the sample. There is a wide range of suggestions on polishing steps, ranging from grain sizes, time and applied force; however, the final assessment of a polish surface is often subjective and qualitative. Therefore, a quantitative, reproducible guidance on the grinding steps, effect of experimental parameters and the influence of different grinding steps on the surface quality are required. In this paper, the influence of grinding was quantitatively evaluated by a digital microscope equipped with optical profilometry tools, through a step-wise procedure, including sample orientation, grinding time and the difference between cement paste and concrete. Throughout the grinding procedure, the surface profiles were determined after each grinding step. This showed the step-wise change in surface roughness and quality during the grinding procedure. Finally, the surface qualities were evaluated using optical and electron microscopy, which show the importance of the grinding/prepolishing steps during sample preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Holthuizen
- Faculty of Civil Engineering & Geosciences, Section of Materials & Environment, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Oğuzhan Çopuroğlu
- Faculty of Civil Engineering & Geosciences, Section of Materials & Environment, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Skondras-Giousios D, Karmiris-Obratański P, Jarosz M, Markopoulos AP. Investigation of the Influence of Machining Parameters and Surface Roughness on the Wettability of the Al6082 Surfaces Produced with WEDM. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1689. [PMID: 38612202 PMCID: PMC11012262 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a non-conventional machining technique, capable of processing any kind of conductive material. Recently, it has been successfully utilized for producing hydrophobic characteristics in inherently hydrophilic metallic materials. In this work, Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) was utilized for producing hydrophobic characteristics on the surface of the aluminum alloy 6082, and various parameters that can affect wettability were investigated. Adopting an orthogonal Taguchi approach, the effects of the process parameter values of peak current, pulse-on time, and gap voltage on the contact angles of the machined surfaces were investigated. After machining, all samples were observed to have obtained hydrophobic properties, reaching contact angles up to 132°. The peak current was identified as the most influential parameter regarding the contact angle, while the gap voltage was the less influential parameter. A contact angle variation of 30° was observed throughout different combinations of machining parameters. Each combination of the machining parameters resulted in a distinct surface morphology. The samples with moderate roughness values (3.4 μm > Sa > 5.7 μm) were found to be more hydrophobic than the samples with high or low values, where the contact angle was measured under 115°. In addition, the finite element modeling of the experimental setup, with parametric surfaces of uniform random and Perlin noise types of roughness, was implemented. Time dependent simulations coupling phase field and laminar flow for the modelingof the wetting of surfaces with different surface roughness characteristics showed that an increase in the Sa roughness and total wetted area can lead to an increase in the contact angle. The combination of experimental and computational results suggests that the complexity of the wettability outcomes of aluminum alloy surfaces processed with WEDM lies in the interplay between variations of the surface chemical composition, roughness, micro/nano morphology, and the surface capability of forming a composite air/water interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Skondras-Giousios
- Laboratory of Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Karmiris-Obratański
- Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Manufacturing Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Jarosz
- Department of Physical Chemistry & Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Angelos P. Markopoulos
- Laboratory of Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece;
- Advanced Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Manufacturing Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
da Silva MHPM, Laurindo VS, Soares LES. Influence of fluoride characteristics on tooth surface protection in an erosive condition: A multifaceted characterization approach. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024. [PMID: 38581272 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of fluoride consistency and composition to protect enamel and dentin against the dental erosion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine enamel and dentin specimens were treated with artificial saliva, neutral fluoride gel (NFG), acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (AFG), neutral fluoride foam (NFF), and acidulated phosphate fluoride foam. The samples were subjected to cycling. Micro energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, surface roughness (Ra), contact angle (CA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. Composition, CA and Ra data were analyzed by ANOVA and multiple comparison test (p < 0.05). RESULTS The dentin protected had a significantly higher mineral content than in the control. Eroded unprotected enamel had higher Ra values than normal surfaces. Fluoride treatments increased the Ra in dentin samples. AFG increased the CA in enamel. Fluoride foams increased CA in dentin with reduced mineral loss. SEM analysis found a deposited layer on enamel treated with AFG and remnants of deposits on dentin treated with NFG and NFF. CONCLUSION Regardless of the form of application, fluoride provided protection against erosion, however with different levels. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Applying the adequate fluoride form is relevant since the formulations have different effects on both enamel and dentin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Henrique Pereira Marques da Silva
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (IP&D), Laboratório de Odontologia e Materiais Aplicados (LOMA), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Silva Laurindo
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (IP&D), Laboratório de Odontologia e Materiais Aplicados (LOMA), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Eduardo Silva Soares
- Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (IP&D), Laboratório de Odontologia e Materiais Aplicados (LOMA), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yao S, Zhong B, Guo C, Ni J, Yang K, Hu S, Gong Z, Liu Y, Song J, Fan T. Effect of Copper Surface Roughness on the High-Temperature Structural Stability of Single-Layer-Graphene. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1648. [PMID: 38612164 PMCID: PMC11012466 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Graphene (Gr) has shown great potential in the field of oxidation protection for metals. However, numerous studies have shown that Gr will suffer structural degradation on metal surface during high-temperature oxidation, which significantly limited the effectiveness of their oxidation protection. Therefore, understanding the degradation mechanism of Gr is of great interest to enhance their structural stability. Here, the effect of copper (Cu) surface roughness on the high-temperature structural stability of single-layer graphene (SLG) was examined using Cu covered with SLG as a model material. SLG/Cu with different roughness values was obtained via high-temperature annealing of the model material. After high-temperature oxidation at 500 °C, Raman spectra analysis showed that the defect density of the oxidized SLG increased from 41% to 81% when the surface roughness varied from 37 nm to 81 nm. Combined with density functional theory calculations, it was found that the lower formation energy of the C-O bond on rough Cu surfaces (0.19 eV) promoted the formation of defects in SLG. This study may provide guidance for improving the effectiveness of SLG for the oxidation protection of metallic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Yao
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Boan Zhong
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chongxiao Guo
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiamiao Ni
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kunming Yang
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Siqi Hu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zheng Gong
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jian Song
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tongxiang Fan
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reidelbach C, Swoboda M, Spraul M, Vach K, Patzelt SBM, Hellwig E, Polydorou O. Effects of erosion and abrasion on resin-matrix ceramic CAD/CAM materials: An in vitro investigation. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e12967. [PMID: 38105518 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of erosion and abrasion on resin-matrix ceramic CAD/CAM materials [CERASMART (GC); VITA ENAMIC (VITA Zahnfabrik); Lava Ultimate (3 M)] in comparison to feldspar ceramic (VITABLOCS Mark II, VITA Zahnfabrik) and resin composite materials (ceram.x universal, Dentsply Sirona). Daily brushing and acid exposure were simulated using a brushing apparatus and a solution of 0.5 vol% citric acid. Microhardness, surface roughness, and substance loss were measured at baseline and after simulation of 1 and 3 years of function. All materials showed a decrease in microhardness after 3 years and an increase in surface roughness (Ra) after 1 and 3 years. The Ra increase was statistically significantly lower for the resin-matrix ceramics than for feldspar ceramic and similar to composite material. After 3 years, only feldspar ceramic showed no significant substance loss. In conclusion, resin-matrix ceramics demonstrate reduced roughening compared to feldspar ceramics, potentially improving restoration longevity by preventing plaque buildup, but differences in abrasion resistance suggest the need for further material-specific research. Future research should aim to replicate clinical conditions closely and to transition to in vivo trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Reidelbach
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Swoboda
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Spraul
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian B M Patzelt
- Praxis für Zahnmedizin, Zimmern ob Rottweil, Germany
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olga Polydorou
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Solomon S, Hall R, He J, John V, Pesika N. Enhancing the Tribological Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene Using Hard Carbon Microfillers. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1536. [PMID: 38612054 PMCID: PMC11012580 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The application of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) has been confined to packaging applications due to its inadequate mechanical and tribological characteristics. We propose enhancing LDPE by integrating hard carbon spheres (CSs) to improve its strength, frictional characteristics, and wear resistance. LDPE/CS composites were created by blending LDPE with varying CS amounts (0.5-8 wt.%). Analysis using scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirmed CS presence in the LDPE matrix, with X-ray diffraction showing no microstructural changes post-blending. Thermal characterization exhibited notable improvements in thermal stability (~4%) and crystallinity (~7%). Mechanical properties such as hardness and Young's modulus were improved by up to 4% and 24%, respectively. Tribological studies on different composite samples with varying surface roughness under various load and speed conditions revealed the critical role of surface roughness in reducing friction by decreasing real contact area and adhesive interactions between asperities. Increased load and speed amplified shear stress on asperities, possibly leading to deformation and failure. Notably, integrating CSs into LDPE, starting at 1 wt.%, effectively reduced friction and wear. The composite with the highest loading (8 wt.%) displayed the most significant tribological enhancement, achieving a remarkable 75% friction reduction and a substantial 78% wear reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Solomon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Ave., New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (S.S.); (V.J.)
| | - Rachel Hall
- New Product Development, Intralox LLC, 301 Plantation Rd., New Orleans, LA 70123, USA;
| | - Jibao He
- Microscopy Laboratory, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;
| | - Vijay John
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Ave., New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (S.S.); (V.J.)
| | - Noshir Pesika
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Ave., New Orleans, LA 70118, USA; (S.S.); (V.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang L, Sun Y, Xiao Z, Yao L, Guo J, Kang S, Mao W, Zuo D. Experimental Investigation on Magnetic Abrasive Finishing for Internal Surfaces of Waveguides Produced by Selective Laser Melting. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1523. [PMID: 38612038 PMCID: PMC11012498 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
To enhance the surface quality of metal 3D-printed components, magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) technology was employed for post-processing polishing. Experimental investigation employing response surface methodology was conducted to explore the impact of processing gap, rotational speed of the magnetic field, auxiliary vibration, and magnetic abrasive particle (MAP) size on the quality enhancement of internal surfaces. A regression model correlating roughness with crucial process parameters was established, followed by parameter optimization. Ultimately, the internal surface finishing of waveguides with blind cavities was achieved, and the finishing quality was comprehensively evaluated. Results indicate that under optimal process conditions, the roughness of the specimens decreased from Ra 2.5 μm to Ra 0.65 μm, reflecting a reduction rate of 74%. Following sequential rough and fine processing, the roughnesses of the cavity bottom, side wall, and convex surface inside the waveguide reduced to 0.59 μm, 0.61 μm, and 1.9 μm, respectively, from the original Ra above 12 μm. The findings of this study provide valuable technical insights into the surface finishing of metal 3D-printed components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liaoyuan Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; (L.W.); (J.G.); (S.K.); (W.M.); (D.Z.)
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Yuli Sun
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; (L.W.); (J.G.); (S.K.); (W.M.); (D.Z.)
| | - Zhongmin Xiao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Liming Yao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jiale Guo
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; (L.W.); (J.G.); (S.K.); (W.M.); (D.Z.)
| | - Shijie Kang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; (L.W.); (J.G.); (S.K.); (W.M.); (D.Z.)
| | - Weihao Mao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; (L.W.); (J.G.); (S.K.); (W.M.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dunwen Zuo
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; (L.W.); (J.G.); (S.K.); (W.M.); (D.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen J, Lin J, Zhang M, Lin Q. Predicting Surface Roughness in Turning Complex-Structured Workpieces Using Vibration-Signal-Based Gaussian Process Regression. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2117. [PMID: 38610329 PMCID: PMC11014149 DOI: 10.3390/s24072117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Surface roughness prediction is a pivotal aspect of the manufacturing industry, as it directly influences product quality and process optimization. This study introduces a predictive model for surface roughness in the turning of complex-structured workpieces utilizing Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) informed by vibration signals. The model captures parameters from both the time and frequency domains of the turning tool, encompassing the mean, median, standard deviation (STD), and root mean square (RMS) values. The signal is from the time to frequency domain and it is executed using Welch's method complemented by time-frequency domain analysis employing three levels of Daubechies Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT). The selected features are then utilized as inputs for the GPR model to forecast surface roughness. Empirical evidence indicates that the GPR model can accurately predict the surface roughness of turned complex-structured workpieces. This predictive strategy has the potential to improve product quality, streamline manufacturing processes, and minimize waste within the industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Chen
- College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China;
| | - Jiayao Lin
- Pingyang Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325400, China;
| | - Ming Zhang
- Ebara Great Pumps Co., Ltd., Wenzhou 325200, China;
| | - Qizhe Lin
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kuo CC, Chen HW, Lin GF, Huang SH, Tseng SF. Enhancing the Cooling Efficiency of Aluminum-Filled Epoxy Resin Rapid Tool by Changing Inner Surface Roughness of Cooling Channels. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:874. [PMID: 38611132 PMCID: PMC11013057 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In low-pressure wax injection molding, cooling time refers to the period during which the molten plastic inside the mold solidifies and cools down to a temperature where it can be safely ejected without deformation. However, cooling efficiency for the mass production of injection-molded wax patterns is crucial. This work aims to investigate the impact of varying surface roughness on the inner walls of the cooling channel on the cooling efficiency of an aluminum-filled epoxy resin rapid tool. It was found that the cooling time for the injection-molded products can be determined by the surface roughness according to the proposed prediction equation. Employing fiber laser processing on high-speed steel rods allows for the creation of microstructures with different surface roughness levels. Results demonstrate a clear link between the surface roughness of cooling channel walls and cooling time for molded wax patterns. Employing an aluminum-filled epoxy resin rapid tool with a surface roughness of 4.9 µm for low-pressure wax injection molding can save time, with a cooling efficiency improvement of approximately 34%. Utilizing an aluminum-filled epoxy resin rapid tool with a surface roughness of 4.9 µm on the inner walls of the cooling channel can save the cooling time by up to approximately 60%. These findings underscore the significant role of cooling channel surface roughness in optimizing injection molding processes for enhanced efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chil-Chyuan Kuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Research Center for Intelligent Medical Devices, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Center for Reliability Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Wei Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Geng-Feng Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Song-Hua Huang
- Li-Yin Technology Co., Ltd., New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Tseng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City 106344, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Torre J, Cimavilla-Román P, Cuadra-Rodríguez D, Rodríguez-Pérez MÁ, Guttmann P, Werner S, Pinto J, Barroso-Solares S. Unveiling the Inner Structure of Micrometric Hollow Polymeric Fibers Using Synchrotron X-Ray Nanotomography. Microsc Microanal 2024; 30:14-26. [PMID: 38214892 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel application of synchrotron X-ray nanotomography based on high-resolution full-field transmission X-ray microscopy for characterizing the structure and morphology of micrometric hollow polymeric fibers is presented. By employing postimage analysis using an open-source software such as Tomviz and ImageJ, various key parameters in fiber morphology, including diameter, wall thickness, wall thickness distribution, pore size, porosity, and surface roughness, were assessed. Electrospun polycaprolactone fibers with micrometric diameters and submicrometric features with induced porosity via gas dissolution foaming were used to this aim. The acquired synchrotron X-ray nanotomography data were analyzed using two approaches: 3D tomographic reconstruction and 2D radiographic projection-based analysis. The results of the combination of both approaches demonstrate unique capabilities of this technique, not achievable by other available techniques, allowing for a full characterization of the internal and external morphology and structure of the fibers as well as to obtain valuable qualitative insights into the overall fiber structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Torre
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, and Mineralogy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, P.º de Belén, 7, Spain
- BioEcoUVA Research Institute on Bioeconomy, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Calle Dr. Mergelina, 47011, Spain
- Study, Preservation, and Recovery of Archaeological, Historical and Environmental Heritage (AHMAT) Research Group, Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, and Mineralogy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, P.º de Belén, 7, Spain
| | - Paula Cimavilla-Román
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, and Mineralogy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, P.º de Belén, 7, Spain
| | - Daniel Cuadra-Rodríguez
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, and Mineralogy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, P.º de Belén, 7, Spain
- Study, Preservation, and Recovery of Archaeological, Historical and Environmental Heritage (AHMAT) Research Group, Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, and Mineralogy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, P.º de Belén, 7, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Pérez
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, and Mineralogy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, P.º de Belén, 7, Spain
- BioEcoUVA Research Institute on Bioeconomy, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Calle Dr. Mergelina, 47011, Spain
| | - Peter Guttmann
- Department of X-Ray Microscopy, Electron Storage Ring at BESSY II, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße, 12489, 15, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Werner
- Department of X-Ray Microscopy, Electron Storage Ring at BESSY II, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße, 12489, 15, Berlin, Germany
| | - Javier Pinto
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, and Mineralogy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, P.º de Belén, 7, Spain
- BioEcoUVA Research Institute on Bioeconomy, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Calle Dr. Mergelina, 47011, Spain
- Study, Preservation, and Recovery of Archaeological, Historical and Environmental Heritage (AHMAT) Research Group, Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, and Mineralogy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, P.º de Belén, 7, Spain
| | - Suset Barroso-Solares
- Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, and Mineralogy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, P.º de Belén, 7, Spain
- BioEcoUVA Research Institute on Bioeconomy, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Calle Dr. Mergelina, 47011, Spain
- Study, Preservation, and Recovery of Archaeological, Historical and Environmental Heritage (AHMAT) Research Group, Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, and Mineralogy Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, P.º de Belén, 7, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ölçer Us Y, Aydınoğlu A, Erşahan Ş, Erdem Hepşenoğlu Y, Sağır K, Üşümez A. A comparison of the effects of incremental and snowplow techniques on the mechanical properties of composite restorations. Aust Dent J 2024; 69:40-48. [PMID: 37814190 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glass fibre-reinforced composite (GFRC) has the potential to enhance the mechanical properties of resin-based restorations. Nevertheless, the application technique can influence the cervical margin porosity, potentially reducing the mechanical strength of restorations. METHODS In an in vitro setup, mould specimens underwent six different treatments to assess the effects of snowplow and incremental curing techniques on the properties of GFRC (EverX) and universal resin composite (Filtek). Mechanical properties, namely flexural strength (FS), compressive strength (CS) and Vickers hardness (VH), were evaluated following ISO 4049 standards. Data interpretation utilized the Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS No significant difference emerged across groups for FS. CS in the snowplow method with lesser EverX thickness (SnPl_1) was comparable with only EverX and Filtek (P > 0.05). The CS was reduced in the snowplow technique with greater EverX thickness (SnPl_2) (P < 0.05) and further decreased with the incremental method (P < 0.001). VH results showed that EverX Posterior was consistently softer than Filtek, with specific patterns of hardness variations among different application methods. CONCLUSIONS Applying EverX and Filtek using the snowplow technique delivers superior CS and VH for restorations in contrast to the incremental method. Utilizing the snowplow approach in high-stress areas can make restorations more fracture-resistant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Ölçer Us
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Aydınoğlu
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ş Erşahan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Y Erdem Hepşenoğlu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - K Sağır
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Turkish-German University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Üşümez
- Dentalplus Implantology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wiktorski CA, Michelogiannakis D, Rossouw PE, Javed F. The Effect of Charcoal-Based Dentifrice and Conventional Whitening Toothpaste on the Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Composite Resin: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:58. [PMID: 38534282 DOI: 10.3390/dj12030058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective was to systematically review studies that evaluated the effect of charcoal-based dentifrices (CbDs) and conventional whitening toothpastes (CWTs) on the color stability (CS) and/or surface roughness (SR) of composite resin (CR). The question we focused on was "Do CbD and CWT affect the CS and/or SR of CR?" Indexed databases were searched without language and time restrictions up to and including May 2023 using different keywords. Original experimental studies were included. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for In Vitro Studies. Ten in vitro studies performed on CR were included. The number of CR samples assessed ranged between 18 and 200. In one study, CbDs altered the CS and SR of CR, whereas another study showed no difference in changes in the SR and CS of CR when CbDs were compared with CWTs. One study showed that compared with CWTs, CbDs caused changes in the CS of CR but changes in SR were similar between the two dentifrices. One study showed that CbDs and CWTs improved the overall color and enhanced the SR of CR. Three studies had a high RoB, five had a medium RoB, and two had a low RoB. Compared to CWTs, CbDs appeared to affect the CS of CR, but the SR of CR induced by both dentifrices remained consistent. Further well-designed and power-adjusted studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Wiktorski
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Dimitrios Michelogiannakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - P Emile Rossouw
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Fawad Javed
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xing D, Sun R, Ma S, Wen H, Wang Z, Deng J. Effect of Sulfuric Acid Corrosion on Flotation Performance of Calcite by Changing Surface Roughness. Molecules 2024; 29:1062. [PMID: 38474576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Surface roughness is a crucial factor that affects the flotation performance of minerals. In this study, the effect of sulfuric acid corrosion on the surface roughness of calcite flotation was investigated through microflotation tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and contact angle analysis. Microflotation test results show that sulfuric acid treatment has a serious negative effect on the floatability of calcite. When the sulfuric acid dosage was 4 mL (3 mol/L), the flotation recovery of calcite was reduced to less than 19%. SEM-EDS and AFM results verified that the sulfuric acid treatment significantly changed the surface morphology of calcite, reduced the average surface roughness and surface area, and reduced the amount of active Ca2+ sites on the calcite surface. As characterized by FT-IR and contact angle analyses, the sulfuric acid treatment enhanced the hydrophilicity of the calcite surface and reduced the amount of sodium oleate adsorbed on the calcite surface. Consequently, sulfuric acid corrosion can reduce the average surface roughness of calcite and have a serious negative effect on the flotation performance of calcite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingquan Xing
- Inner Mongolia Research Institute of CUMTB, Key Laboratory of Separation and Processing of Symbiotic-Associated Mineral Resources in Non-Ferrous Metal Industry, Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Rare Earth-Rare Metal-Rare Scattered in Non-Ferrous Metal Industry, School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruofan Sun
- Inner Mongolia Research Institute of CUMTB, Key Laboratory of Separation and Processing of Symbiotic-Associated Mineral Resources in Non-Ferrous Metal Industry, Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Rare Earth-Rare Metal-Rare Scattered in Non-Ferrous Metal Industry, School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Inner Mongolia Research Institute of CUMTB, Key Laboratory of Separation and Processing of Symbiotic-Associated Mineral Resources in Non-Ferrous Metal Industry, Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Rare Earth-Rare Metal-Rare Scattered in Non-Ferrous Metal Industry, School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Heping Wen
- Yuxi Dahongshan Mining Co., Ltd., Yuxi 653405, China
| | - Zhongchi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Jiushuai Deng
- Inner Mongolia Research Institute of CUMTB, Key Laboratory of Separation and Processing of Symbiotic-Associated Mineral Resources in Non-Ferrous Metal Industry, Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Rare Earth-Rare Metal-Rare Scattered in Non-Ferrous Metal Industry, School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Doğu Kaya B, Yılmaz Atalı P, Özmen S, Öztürk S, Tarçın B. Effect of an Effervescent Multivitamin on Color and Surface Roughness of Micro-Hybrid Dental Resin Composites. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1040. [PMID: 38473512 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The use of multivitamins has become widespread globally, yet there is a scarcity of studies investigating their impact on resin composite restorations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an effervescent multivitamin tablet on micro-hybrid dental resin composites' surface roughness and color. Fifty disc-shaped samples (8 × 2 mm, shade A2; n = 10) were prepared and polished using five different micro-hybrid resin composites (Pergamon, Dentac, Turkey; Estelite Posterior, Tokuyama, Japan; Geanial Anterior, GC, Japan; Charisma Opal, Kulzer, Germany; Beautifil II, Shofu, USA). Samples were immersed in 200 mL water to one effervescent multivitamin tablet (Redoxon Triple Action, Bayer) at 24 °C for 2 min a day in 24 h intervals for 30 days. All samples' surface roughness (Ra) and ΔE(L*a*b) measurements were recorded at the beginning and end of the 30 days. The Wald chi-square and a two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis (significance level p < 0.05). The resin composite type and exposure to the multivitamin had a statistically significant effect on Ra values (p < 0.05). The resin composite type had a statistically significant effect on ΔE values, likely due to the higher mean value of BII (p = 0.040). The surface roughness and color of resin composites can be affected by multivitamins with a pH value of 3.0. Therefore, it is important to consider the patient's routine vitamin intake during resin composite selection. Additional research is required to explore the properties of different dental restorative materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bengü Doğu Kaya
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Pınar Yılmaz Atalı
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Seda Özmen
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34728, Turkey
| | - Selinsu Öztürk
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Bilge Tarçın
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Albani R, Habib SR, AlQahtani A, AlHelal AA, Alrabiah M, Anwar S. The Surface Roughness of Contemporary Indirect CAD/CAM Restorative Materials That Are Glazed and Chair-Side-Finished/Polished. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:997. [PMID: 38473470 DOI: 10.3390/ma17050997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The surface roughness (Ra) of indirect computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-fabricated dental restorations is crucial for their long-term durability. This study intended to evaluate the Ra of five different types of contemporary indirect CAD/CAM restorative materials with varying compositions that were glazed and finished/polished. A total of 75 specimens, disc-shaped (10 mm × 2 mm), were obtained from five materials (n = 15) (Tetric CAD, IPS e.max CAD, IPS e.max ZirCAD, CELTRA Duo, and Vita Enamic) and fabricated by CAD/CAM. One of the two surfaces for each specimen was subjected to glazing, while the other surface was subjected to finishing/polishing. The Ra of the two surfaces in micrometers (μm) was evaluated using a Profilometer, while the surface topography was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Using SPSS, the Kruskal-Wallis, post hoc Conover, and Mann-Whitney tests were used to statistically evaluate the data. A comparison of the Ra for the finished/polished surfaces of the five test materials showed significant differences (p < 0.0001). Among the finished/polished surfaces, the mean rank values of Vita Enamic were significantly higher than the other four test materials (p < 0.0001). A comparison of the Ra of glazed surfaces among the five study materials revealed significant differences (p < 0.0001). The Ra for the IPS e.max ZirCAD material was significantly higher than the rest of the four materials (p < 0.001). A comparison of the Ra for two types of surface conditioning within each of the five test materials showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). Only for IPS e.max ZirCAD was the Ra of the glazed surface significantly higher than the finished/polished surface (p < 0.0001). Significant variations in the surface roughness (Ra) were exhibited between the finished/polished and glazed surfaces of the five test materials. Hybrid ceramics showed the highest Ra values for the finished/polished surfaces, and zirconia exhibited the highest Ra values among the glazed surfaces among the tested materials. The Ra values of either finished/polished or glazed surfaces of the test materials were within the clinically acceptable range (0.2-0.5 μm), except for the glazed surface of the zirconia ceramics (0.84 μm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ragad Albani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Rashid Habib
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz AlQahtani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A AlHelal
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alrabiah
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saqib Anwar
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Trzepieciński T. The Comparison of the Multi-Layer Artificial Neural Network Training Methods in Terms of the Predictive Quality of the Coefficient of Friction of 1.0338 (DC04) Steel Sheet. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:908. [PMID: 38399159 PMCID: PMC10889925 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Friction is one of the main phenomena accompanying sheet metal forming methods, affecting the surface quality of products and the formability of the sheet metal. The most basic and cheapest way to reduce friction is to use lubricants, which should ensure the highest lubrication efficiency and at the same time be environmentally friendly. Due to the trend towards sustainable production, vegetable oils have been used in research as an alternative to petroleum-based lubricants. The analysis of friction in sheet metal forming requires an appropriate tribotester simulating the friction conditions in a specific area of the sheet metal being formed. Research has used a special strip drawing tribometer, enabling the determination the value of the coefficient of friction in the blankholder zone in the deep drawing process. Quantitative analysis of the friction phenomenon is necessary at the stage of designing the technological process and selecting technological parameters, including blankholder pressure. This article presents the results of friction testing of 1.0338 (DC04) steel sheets using a strip drawing test. The experimental tests involved pulling a strip of sheet metal between two countersamples with a rounded surface. The tests were carried out on countersamples with different levels of roughness for the range of contact pressures occurring in the blankholder zone in the deep drawing process (1.7-5 MPa). The values of the coefficient of friction determined under dry friction conditions were compared with the results for edible (corn, sunflower and rapeseed) and non-edible (Moringa, Karanja) vegetable lubricants. The tested oils are the most commonly used vegetable-based biolubricants in metal forming operations. Multi-layer artificial neural networks were used to determine the relationship between the value of the contact pressure, the roughness of the countersamples, the oil viscosity and density, and the value of the coefficient of friction. Rapeseed oil provided the best lubrication efficiency during friction testing for all of the tested samples, with an average surface roughness of Sa 0.44-1.34 μm. At the same time, as the roughness of the countersamples increased, a decrease in lubrication efficiency was observed. The lowest root mean squared error value was observed for the MLP-4-8-1 network trained with the quasi-Newton algorithm. Most of the analysed networks with different architectures trained using the various algorithms showed that the kinematic viscosity of the oil was the most important aspect in assessing the friction of the sheets tested. The influence of kinematic viscosity on the value of the coefficient of friction is strongly dependent on the surface roughness of the countersamples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Trzepieciński
- Department of Manufacturing Processes and Production Engineering, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstancow Warszawy 8, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu X, Kang Q, Jiang X, Fang X. Machinability and Surface Properties of Cryogenic Poly(methyl methacrylate) Machined via Single-Point Diamond Turning. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:866. [PMID: 38399117 PMCID: PMC10890264 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), with a glass transition temperature (Tg) over 100 °C, shows good mechanical and optical properties and has broad applications after being machined with single-point diamond turning (SPDT) at room temperature. Because of the high Tg, current efforts mostly focus on optimizing machining parameters to improve workpiece precision without considering the modification of material properties. Cryogenic cooling has been proven to be an effective method in assisting ultra-precision machining for certain types of metals, alloys, and polymers, but has never been used for PMMA before. In this work, cryogenic cooling was attempted during the SPDT of PMMA workpieces to improve surface quality. The machinability and surface properties of cryogenically cooled PMMA were investigated based on the mechanical properties at corresponding temperatures. Nanoindentation tests show that, when temperature is changed from 25 °C to 0 °C, the hardness and Young's modulus are increased by 37% and 22%, respectively. At these two temperature points, optimal parameters including spindle speed, feed rate and cut depth were obtained using Taguchi methods to obtain workpieces with high surface quality. The surface quality was evaluated based on the total height of the profile (Pt) and the arithmetic mean deviation (Ra). The measurement results show that the values of Pt and Ra of the workpiece machined at 0 °C are 124 nm and 6 nm, respectively, while the corresponding values of that machined at 25 °C are 291 nm and 11 nm. The test data show that cryogenic machining is useful for improving the form accuracy and reducing the surface roughness of PMMA. Moreover, the relationship between temperature, material properties and machinability weas established with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) data and a theoretical model. This can explain the origin of the better surface quality of the cryogenic material. The basis of this is that temperature affects the viscoelasticity of the polymer and the corresponding mechanical properties due to relaxation. Then, the material property changes will affect surface profile formation during machining. The experimental results and theoretical analysis show that cryogenically cooled PMMA has good machinability and improved surface quality when using SPDT compared to that at ambient temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (X.W.); (X.J.)
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710056, China
- School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Qiang Kang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China;
| | - Xiaoxing Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (X.W.); (X.J.)
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710056, China
| | - Xudong Fang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (X.W.); (X.J.)
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710056, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alharethi NA. Evaluation of the Influence of Build Orientation on the Surface Roughness and Flexural Strength of 3D-Printed Denture Base Resin and Its Comparison with CAD-CAM Milled Denture Base Resin. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:321-328. [PMID: 37295454 PMCID: PMC10959624 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the surface roughness and flexural strength of a three-dimensional (3D)-printed denture base resin printed with two different build plate orientations and to compare them with a computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacture (CAD-CAM) milled denture base resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-six specimens (n = 22/group) were prepared by 3D printing and CAD-CAM technology. The group A and B specimens were 3D-printed bar-shaped denture base specimens printed at 120-degree and 135-degree build orientation, respectively, whereas group C specimens were milled using a CAD-CAM technology. The surface roughness was assessed using a noncontact profilometer with a 0.01 mm resolution and the flexural strength was determined using a three-point bend test. The maximum load in Newtons (N) at fracture, the flexural stress (MPa), and strain (mm/mm) was also measured. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data were analyzed by a statistical software package. One-way analysis of variance test was applied to determine whether significant differences existed among the study groups, followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test to determine which resin group significantly differed from the others in terms of flexural strength and surface roughness (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS The flexural stress (MPa) of group C was 200% of group A and 166% of group B. The flexural modulus was 192% of group A and 161% of group B. In contrast, group A had the lowest mean value among the three groups for all the parameters. No significant difference was seen between group A and group B. The mean roughness values of the CAD-CAM denture base resin specimens (group C) were the least (127356 nm) among all the three groups. The mean surface roughness of the 3D-printed denture base specimens (group A) was 1,34,234 nm and that of group B was (1,45,931 nm); however, it was statistically nonsignificant (p > 0.05) CONCLUSIONS: The CAD-CAM resin displayed superior surface and mechanical properties compared to the 3D-printed resin. The two different build plate angles did not have any significant effect on the surface roughness of the 3D-printed denture base resin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naji Ahmad Alharethi
- Department of Prosthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Garg K, Kaur I, Vala AP, Deepashree C, Nair VVR, John N. Investigation of the Surface Roughness and Hardness of Different Denture Teeth Materials: An In vitro Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2024; 16:S427-S430. [PMID: 38595483 PMCID: PMC11001039 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_644_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Surface roughness and hardness are key factors that influence the clinical performance and durability of denture teeth. Understanding variations in these properties among different denture teeth materials can assist in selecting the most suitable materials for optimal patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the surface roughness and hardness of four commonly used denture teeth materials: acrylic resin, composite resin, porcelain, and nanohybrid composite. Materials and Methods Ten specimens were prepared for each denture teeth material, resulting in a total of 40 specimens. Surface roughness was assessed using a profilometer, and measurements were recorded in micrometers (μm). Hardness was determined using a Vickers hardness tester, and results were expressed as Vickers hardness numbers (VHN). The surface roughness and hardness data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests (e.g., analysis of variance), with significance set at P < 0.05. Results The results revealed significant differences in both surface roughness and hardness among the different denture teeth materials (P < 0.05). Acrylic resin exhibited the highest surface roughness (mean ± standard deviation: 3.45 ± 0.78 μm) and the lowest hardness (mean ± standard deviation: 45.6 ± 2.3 VHN). Composite resin demonstrated intermediate values of surface roughness (mean ± standard deviation: 1.87 ± 0.54 μm) and hardness (mean ± standard deviation: 65.2 ± 3.9 VHN). Porcelain demonstrated the smoothest surface (mean ± standard deviation: 0.94 ± 0.28 μm) and the highest hardness (mean ± standard deviation: 78.5 ± 4.1 VHN). Nanohybrid composite displayed surface roughness and hardness values similar to composite resin. Conclusion This study demonstrated significant variations in surface roughness and hardness among the different denture teeth materials evaluated. Acrylic resin exhibited the roughest surface and lowest hardness, while porcelain demonstrated the smoothest surface and highest hardness. Composite resin and nanohybrid composite exhibited intermediate values. These findings provide valuable insights for prosthodontic practitioners in selecting denture teeth materials based on specific clinical requirements, aiming to achieve optimal aesthetics, reduced plaque accumulation, and improved wear resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanav Garg
- MDS (Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge), Consultant Prosthodontist, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Impreet Kaur
- Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Punjab Government Dental College and Hospital, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Akshaysinh P. Vala
- Department of Periodontics, Goenka Research Institutes of Dental Sciences, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - C. Deepashree
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, V. S. Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishnuja V. R. Nair
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, KVG Dental College and Hospital, Sullia, Karnataka, India
| | - Nivya John
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lu SC, Chien HW, Yu SH, Chen WC, Chen HH. Dual-Coating of Fluorinated Polydimethylsiloxane/Fluorinated SiO 2 Nanoparticles for Superhydrophobic and High-Efficiency Bacteriostatic Surface. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300388. [PMID: 37991234 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
A simple two-step spray method is used to prepare superhydrophobic and bacteriostatic surfaces, involving dual-coating with polydimethylsiloxane-normal-fluorine (PDMS-NF) or branched-fluorine (PDMS-BF) in combination with fluorinated silica nanoparticles (FSiO2 -NPs) using a spray technique. This approach has the potential to create surfaces with both water-repellent and antimicrobial properties, which could be useful in a variety of applications. It is noteworthy that the dual-coating on cotton fabric exhibited an impressive dual-scale roughness and achieved superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 158° and a hysteresis of less than 3°. Additionally, the coating was subjected to an ultra-high concentration of bacteria (109 CFU/mL) and was still able to inhibit more than 80 % of attachment, demonstrating its effectiveness as a bacteriostatic surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chen Lu
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Wen Chien
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 807618, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Yu
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 807618, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hui Chen
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shaik I, Dasari B, Alapati S, Dhavala PC, Tiwari R, Tiwari HD. Effect of Sterilization and Irrigating Solutions on Nanostructure Alteration of Ni-Ti Rotary Instruments in Endodontics: An Atomic Force Microscopic Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2024; 16:S613-S618. [PMID: 38595475 PMCID: PMC11000945 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_891_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sterilization on the nanostructural alteration of nickel titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary file systems in endodontics using the atomic force microscopy (AFM). Materials and Methods The study was performed on four commercially available rotary Ni-Ti files: group I-Vortex Blue (Dentsply), group II-ProTaper Next (Dentsply), group III-Mtwo (VDW), and group IV-iRaCe (FKG). Each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 4), that is, subgroup A-control (new rotary file), subgroup B-subjected for five cycles of autoclave, subgroup C-immersed in 5.25% NaOCl for 5 minutes, and subgroup D-immersed in 17% EDTA solutions for 5 minutes. All the specimens were evaluated with AFM using roughness average (RA) and root-mean-square (RMS) values for surface roughness. Results Among control groups, Vortex Blue showed the least RA and RMS values; the highest surface roughness was seen with Mtwo files. All the Ni-Ti rotary files showed a statistically significant (P <0.05) increase in surface hardness when subjected to autoclave and treatment with different irrigating solutions. In particular, 17% EDTA caused the highest surface deterioration in all the groups. Conclusion AFM analysis revealed increased surface roughness values recorded for all the rotary files when treated with irrigating solutions and autoclave cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izaz Shaik
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Padma C. Dhavala
- Drs. Sudha and Nageswar Rao Sidhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Gannavaram, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Tiwari
- PhD Scholar, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Heena Dixit Tiwari
- MPH, Rashtriya Kishore Swasthya Karyakram Consultant, District Medical and Health Office, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dewan H, Gurumurthy V, Patel VV, Kommuri S, Patil RS, Debsingha S. A Lab-Based Study to Assess the Surface Roughness of Various Investments: An Original Research. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2024; 16:S177-S179. [PMID: 38595557 PMCID: PMC11001119 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_445_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Surface roughness of the crowns is dependent on the pattern material used for the making as well as the procedure of investing. The study was aimed to examine the impact of various pattern materials and investment procedures on the surface roughness of nickel-chromium alloy raw castings. Materials and Methods An in-vitro study was piloted at a tertiary care hospital. Eighty samples of inlay wax and pattern resin were divided equally. They were invested in phosphate-bonded investment material and kept under normal atmospheric pressure as well as invested under a pressure of 3 bars. The surface roughness was calculated with a Profilometer. The values obtained were compared using statistical tools keeping P < 0.05 as significant. Results Lowest surface roughness was seen for the wax pattern invested under positive pressure. While the highest was seen for the resin patterns invested at room pressure. A significant variance between the wax 1 and wax 2 (P < 0.01); as well as between the wax 2 vs. Resin 2 specimens (P < 0.01) was noted. Conclusions Wax patterns can be suggested as the material and method of choice because they showed the least amount of surface roughness when placed under pressure. Resin patterns when invested under pressure can also be suggested as an alternate as they also exhibited similar surface roughness as that of the wax.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harisha Dewan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA
| | - Vishwanath Gurumurthy
- Department of Dental Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vilas V. Patel
- Department of Prosthodontics, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sirisha Kommuri
- Department of Prosthodontics, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Ruthika S. Patil
- Department of Prosthodontics, Research Student Worker, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sowgata Debsingha
- BDS, Intern, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Erturk-Avunduk AT, Delikan E, Cengiz-Yanardag E, Karakaya I. Effect of whitening concepts on surface roughness and optical characteristics of resin-based composites: An AFM study. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:214-228. [PMID: 37724605 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various whitening agents on the surface roughness and optical characteristics of different types of resin composite restorations. Fifty specimens were prepared for each resin [G-aenial Posterior (GP), SonicFill-2 (SF), Solidex (SDX), and Nova Compo HF (NC)]. Following baseline color and surface roughness (Ra) measurements, the specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10/group) according to whitening concepts: control (distilled water), in-office bleaching [OB-(Opalescence Boost)], at-home bleaching [HB-(Opalescence PF)], whitening toothpaste [WT-(Signal White Now)], and whitening mouthwash [WM-(Listerine Advanced White)]. ∆E00 , ∆TP00 , and ∆WID values were calculated before and after the whitening procedure with a spectrophotometer using the CIEDE2000 formula. Surface roughness measurements were repeated. The surface topography was determined using atomic force microscopy. Two- and three-way analyses of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test were performed, with p < 0.05 regarded as indicative of significance. No significant differences were detected among the resin composite materials in terms of the ΔE00 values (p > 0.05). Color change of all resin materials was above the AT threshold (>1.8) and the PT threshold (>0.8). All restorative materials presented acceptable (AT<2.62) TP00 values. Solidex specimens demonstrated the lowest WID values compared to the other composites. There were significant differences among the whitening procedures with respect to ΔE00 , ΔTP00 , and WID values (p < 0.001). SF/WT combination showed the highest and clinically unacceptable ΔE00 values. The highest roughness values were observed in the SDX specimens and the combination of SDX/OB. The effect of whitening agents on the optical characteristics and surface roughness of restorative materials depends on the type of material, agent, and time. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Clinicians should be aware that long-term use of over-the-counter products due to the abrasive effects of their ingredients and repeated bleaching session applications may affect the color stability and surface roughness of resin composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebru Delikan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Cengiz-Yanardag
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Izgen Karakaya
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, European University of Lefke, Mersin10, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Grizzle AC, Elliott A, Klein KL, Tyagi P. Surface Finishing and Coating Parameters Impact on Additively Manufactured Binder-Jetted Steel-Bronze Composites. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:598. [PMID: 38591999 PMCID: PMC10856629 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, electroless nickel plating is explored for the protection of binder-jetting-based additively manufactured (AM) composite materials. Electroless nickel plating was attempted on binder-jetted composites composed of stainless steel and bronze, resulting in differences in the physicochemical properties. We investigated the impact of surface finishing, plating solution chemistry, and plating parameters to attain a wide range of surface morphologies and roughness levels. We employed the Keyence microscope to quantitatively evaluate dramatically different surface properties before and after the coating of AM composites. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a wide range of microstructural properties in relation to each combination of surface finishing and coating parameters. We studied chempolishing, plasma cleaning, and organic cleaning as the surface preparation methods prior to coating. We found that surface preparation dictated the surface roughness. Taguchi statistical analysis was performed to investigate the relative strength of experimental factors and interconnectedness among process parameters to attain optimum coating qualities. The quantitative impacts of phosphorous level, temperature, surface preparation, and time factor on the roughness of the nickel-plated surface were 17.95%, 8.2%, 50.02%, and 13.21%, respectively. On the other hand, the quantitative impacts of phosphorous level, temperature, surface preparation, and time factor on the thickness of nickel plating were 35.12%, 41.40%, 3.87%, and 18.24%, respectively. The optimum combination of the factors' level projected the lowest roughness of Ra at 7.76 µm. The optimum combination of the factors' level projected the maximum achievable thickness of ~149 µm. This paper provides insights into coating process for overcoming the sensitivity of AM composites in hazardous application spaces via robust coating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Grizzle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC 20008, USA; (A.C.G.)
| | - Amy Elliott
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Knoxville, TN 37830, USA;
| | - Kate L. Klein
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC 20008, USA; (A.C.G.)
| | - Pawan Tyagi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC 20008, USA; (A.C.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li W, Xin Q, Fan B, Chen Q, Deng Y. A Review of Emerging Technologies in Ultra-Smooth Surface Processing for Optical Components. Micromachines (Basel) 2024; 15:178. [PMID: 38398908 PMCID: PMC10890452 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in astronomical telescopes and cutting-edge technologies, including deep ultraviolet (DUV) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, have escalated demands and imposed stringent surface quality requirements on optical system components. Achieving near-ideal optical components requires ultra-smooth surfaces with sub-nanometer roughness, no sub-surface damage, minimal surface defects, low residual stresses, and intact lattice integrity. This necessity has driven the rapid development and diversification of ultra-smooth surface fabrication technologies. This paper summarizes recent advances in ultra-smooth surface processing technologies, categorized by their material removal mechanisms. A subsequent comparative analysis evaluates the roughness and polishing characteristics of ultra-smooth surfaces processed on various materials, including fused silica, monocrystalline silicon, silicon carbide, and sapphire. To maximize each process's advantages and achieve higher-quality surfaces, the paper discusses tailored processing methods and iterations for different materials. Finally, the paper anticipates future development trends in response to current challenges in ultra-smooth surface processing technology, providing a systematic reference for the study of the production of large-sized freeform surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Xin
- National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yonghong Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang K, Gao Y, Yang C. Prediction of Subsurface Microcrack Damage Depth Based on Surface Roughness in Diamond Wire Sawing of Monocrystalline Silicon. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:553. [PMID: 38591417 PMCID: PMC10856237 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In diamond wire saw cutting monocrystalline silicon (mono-Si), the material brittleness removal can cause microcrack damage in the subsurface of the as-sawn silicon wafer, which has a significant impact on the mechanical properties and subsequent processing steps of the wafers. In order to quickly and non-destructively obtain the subsurface microcrack damage depth (SSD) of as-sawn silicon wafers, this paper conducted research on the SSD prediction model for diamond wire saw cutting of mono-Si, and established the relationship between the SSD and the as-sawn surface roughness value (SR) by comprehensively considering the effect of tangential force and the influence of the elastic stress field and residual stress field below the abrasive on the propagation of median cracks. Furthermore, the theoretical relationship model between SR and SSD has been improved by adding a coefficient considering the influence of material ductile regime removal on SR values based on experiments sawing mono-Si along the (111) crystal plane, making the theoretical prediction value of SSD more accurate. The research results indicate that a decrease in wire speed and an increase in feed speed result in an increase in SR and SSD in silicon wafers. There is a non-linear increasing relationship between silicon wafer SSD and SR, with SSD = 21.179 Ra4/3. The larger the SR, the deeper the SSD, and the smaller the relative error of SSD between the theoretical predicted and experimental measurements. The research results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for predicting silicon wafer SSD in diamond wire sawing and optimizing the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keying Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of MOE, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Yufei Gao
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of MOE, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Equipment of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Chunfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of MOE, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zawada-Tomkiewicz A, Tomkiewicz D. Surface Characterization of Metallic Materials in the Case of the Turning Process of NiTi Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:487. [PMID: 38276426 PMCID: PMC10817499 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
A study was made of the machinability of NiTi alloy in turning, under conditions resulting in a small cutting layer. The experiment involved cutting with variable feeds ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 mm/rev. The cutting conditions were carefully chosen, considering the rounding radius of the cutting edge. The machined surface was examined and measured in 3D using a confocal microscope and in 2D with a contact profilometer. These measurements were used to estimate hmin, leading to the development of a surface formation model that considers both the lateral material flow due to hmin and the lateral material flow due to altered thermodynamic conditions from the previous blade pass. A method for evaluating the surface and selecting its characteristics was proposed based on analyses derived directly from surface features: PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) with the Hilbert transform (Hilbert-Huang transform). PCA analysis facilitated the examination of individual surface component variances, while analysis of the IMF components enabled the assessment of surface component energy combined with instantaneous frequencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zawada-Tomkiewicz
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, 2 Śniadeckich Str., 75-453 Koszalin, Poland;
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kowalczyk M. Analysis of Cutting Forces and Geometric Surface Structures in the Milling of NiTi Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:488. [PMID: 38276427 PMCID: PMC10817664 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents a study of the total cutting force used and selected parameters of the geometric structure of the surface (e.g., Sa, Sz) during the end milling process of NiTi alloy. The input parameters included are cutting speed (vc), feed per tooth (fz), and radial depth of cut (ae). A Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to conduct the research. The obtained experimental results were utilized within the framework of a response surface methodology (RSM) to develop mathematical and statistical models capable of predicting cutting force components and selected 3D surface parameters. These models provide valuable insights into the relationships between the cutting parameters and the output variables, facilitating the optimization of the NiTi alloy milling process. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of NiTi alloy during the milling process and offer information for process optimization. By employing a Box-Behnken experimental design, it was possible to investigate the effects of different parameter combinations on the components of total cutting force and selected 3D surface parameters according to ISO 25178, thus aiding in the identification of optimal milling conditions to achieve desired outcomes in the machining of NiTi alloy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kowalczyk
- Chair of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Jana Pawła II 37 Avenue, 31-864 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Doshi SM, Barry A, Schneider A, Parambil N, Mulzer C, Yahyazadehfar M, Samadi-Dooki A, Foltz B, Warrington K, Wessel R, Zhang L, Simone C, Blackman GS, Lamontia MA, Gillespie JW. Adhesion Characterization and Enhancement between Polyimide-Silica Composite and Nodulated Copper for Applications in Next-Generation Microelectronics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:2692-2703. [PMID: 38173339 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
As the need for high-speed electronics continues to rise rapidly, printed wiring board (PWB) requirements become ever-more demanding. A typical PWB is fabricated by bonding dielectric films such as polyimide to electrically conductive copper foil such as rolled annealed (RA) copper and is expected to become thinner, flexible, durable, and compatible with high-frequency 5G performance. Polyimide films inherently feature a higher coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) than copper foils; this mismatch causes residual thermal stresses. To attenuate the mismatch, silica nanoparticles may be used to reduce the CTE of PI. A nodulated copper surface can be used to enhance the Cu/PI adhesion by additional bonding mechanisms that could include a type of mechanical bonding, which is a focus of this study. In this investigation, a 90° peel test was used to measure the peel strength in copper/polyimide/copper laminates containing nodulated copper and polyimide reinforced with 0, 20, and 40 wt % silica nanoparticles. The influence of silica nanoparticles on the peel strength was quantitatively evaluated. Laminates incorporating polyimide films lacking silica nanoparticles had a ∼3.75× higher peel strength compared with laminates reinforced with 40% silica. Their failure surfaces were analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to identify the mode of failure and to understand bonding mechanisms. The key bonding mechanism, mechanical interlocking, was achieved when the polyimide surrounded or engulfed the copper nodules when the laminate was created. Post-testing failure surface analysis revealed the presence of copper on the polyimide side and polyimide on the copper side, indicating mixed mode failure. An analytical model was developed to determine the impact of applied pressure, temperature, and time on the polyimide penetration and mechanical interlocking around the copper nodules. The model was validated by measuring the peel strength on another set of specimens fabricated using increased temperature and pressure that showed a 3× increase in peel strength compared to lower temperature/pressure processing conditions. This enhanced adhesion resulted from the lower polymer material viscosity at higher temperatures, which fosters deeper and more complete penetration around the copper nodules during processing at higher pressures for longer durations. The methodology of combining peel testing, viscosity and CTE measurement, SEM/EDX, surface chemical analysis, and penetration depth calculation developed herein enables the calculation of the desired processing parameters to enhance functionality and improve adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar M Doshi
- Center for Composite Materials, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Alexander Barry
- Center for Composite Materials, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Alexander Schneider
- Center for Composite Materials, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Nithin Parambil
- Center for Composite Materials, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Catherine Mulzer
- DuPont Specialty Products USA LLC, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Mobin Yahyazadehfar
- DuPont Specialty Products USA LLC, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Aref Samadi-Dooki
- DuPont Specialty Products USA LLC, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Benjamin Foltz
- DuPont Specialty Products USA LLC, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Keith Warrington
- DuPont Specialty Products USA LLC, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Richard Wessel
- DuPont Specialty Products USA LLC, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- DuPont Specialty Products USA LLC, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Christopher Simone
- DuPont Specialty Products USA LLC, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Gregory S Blackman
- DuPont Specialty Products USA LLC, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Mark A Lamontia
- DuPont Specialty Products USA LLC, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - John W Gillespie
- Center for Composite Materials, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang J, Sun J, Yang D, Ha S, Ma T, Liu H, Shi X, Guo D, Wang Y, Wei Y. Trade-Off between Rough and Smooth Electrode Surfaces toward Stable Zn Stripping/Plating in Aqueous Electrolytes. Nano Lett 2024; 24:688-695. [PMID: 38180811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The effects of surface roughness on the performance of the Zn metal anode in aqueous electrolytes are investigated by experiments and computational simulations. Smooth surfaces can homogenize the nucleation and growth of Zn, which helps to form a flat Zn anode under high current density. In spite of these advantages, the whole surface of the smooth electrode serves as the reactive contact area for parasitic reactions, generating severe hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and byproduct formation, which seriously hinder the long-term cycle stability of the Zn anode. To trade off this double-sided effect, we identify a medium degree of surface roughness that could stabilize the Zn anode for 1000 h cycling at 1.0 mAh cm-2. The electrode also enabled stable cycling for 800 h at a high current density of 5.0 mAh cm-2. This naked Zn metal anode with optimized surface roughness holds great promise for direct use in aqueous zinc ion batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Di Yang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shixian Ha
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York11790, United States
| | - Teng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Han Liu
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xuejian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dongxu Guo
- Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yizhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401123, China
| | - Yingjin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401123, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Staderini E, Chiusolo G, Guglielmi F, Papi M, Perini G, Tepedino M, Gallenzi P. Effects of Thermoforming on the Mechanical, Optical, Chemical, and Morphological Properties of PET-G: In Vitro Study. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:203. [PMID: 38257002 PMCID: PMC10820839 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of clear aligners in correcting malocclusions is closely linked to the properties of the materials used to make them. The polymers used in the manufacture of clear aligners have well-established properties. However, the process of manufacturing clear aligners, known as thermoforming, involves thermal and mechanical shocks that may alter these properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of thermoforming on the mechanical, optical, chemical, and morphological properties of sixty PET-G specimens. The study compared the thickness, weight, absorbance, chemical structure, surface roughness, elastic modulus, yield strength, and breaking load of thirty thermoformed specimens with thirty non-thermoformed specimens. The study introduces a new approach by using standardized samples to analyze both chemical and physical properties. The results showed statistically significant differences in thickness (-15%), weight (-11%), and surface roughness (+1233% in roughness average; +1129% in RMS roughness) of the material. Additionally, a correlation was found between reduction in thickness and increase in opalescence. There was no significant change in the functionality of the aligners after thermoforming, as no significant mechanical changes were found. However, the increase in surface roughness may lead to plaque and fluid accumulation and worsen the fit of the aligners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Staderini
- School of Dentistry, Dean: Prof. Massimo Cordaro, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, IRCCS “A. Gemelli” University Polyclinic Foundation, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.S.); (G.C.); (P.G.)
- Postgraduate School of Orthodontics–Director: Prof. Massimo Cordaro, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Chiusolo
- School of Dentistry, Dean: Prof. Massimo Cordaro, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, IRCCS “A. Gemelli” University Polyclinic Foundation, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.S.); (G.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Federica Guglielmi
- School of Dentistry, Dean: Prof. Massimo Cordaro, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, IRCCS “A. Gemelli” University Polyclinic Foundation, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.S.); (G.C.); (P.G.)
- Postgraduate School of Orthodontics–Director: Prof. Massimo Cordaro, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (G.P.)
- IRCCS “A. Gemelli” University Polyclinic Foundation, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giordano Perini
- Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (G.P.)
- IRCCS “A. Gemelli” University Polyclinic Foundation, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Tepedino
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Piazza Santa Margherita 2, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Patrizia Gallenzi
- School of Dentistry, Dean: Prof. Massimo Cordaro, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, IRCCS “A. Gemelli” University Polyclinic Foundation, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.S.); (G.C.); (P.G.)
- Postgraduate School of Orthodontics–Director: Prof. Massimo Cordaro, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ashique Abdulhameed S, S B, Sunny J, Goswami DS, Abraham N, Asha Ambroise M. Comparison of Surface Roughness of Different Orthodontic Archwires: Atomic Force Microscopic Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e51516. [PMID: 38304684 PMCID: PMC10832542 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surface roughness (SR) of dental components is significant because it impacts the surface area of the contact surface, which in turn affects corrosion behavior and biological compatibility. Orthodontic archwires (OA) with SR can affect the coefficient of friction, which in turn affects how effectively sliding biomechanics work and how the orthodontic appliance works efficiently. AIM The objectives of the present investigation were to examine the SR of five distinct kinds of OA using an atomic force microscope (AFM) and to assess the merits of using AFM to analyze orthodontic materials. METHODS For this investigation, there were five distinct orthodontic archwires with rectangular cross-sectional geometry. There were assigned different categories: Category 1: SmartArch wires (Ormco) (n=20), Category 2: Damon wires (Ormco) (n=20), Category 3: heat-activated nickel-titanium (HANT) wires (G&H Orthodontics) (n=20), Category 4: nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires (G&H Orthodontics) (n=20), Category 5: stainless steel (SS) wires (Ormco) (n=20). Each wire category's 20 samples were selected. Ten samples from each category had 5 mm of wire clipped from the finish point of the archwires. These were observed using the AFM in natural lighting. Using a cyanoacrylate glue that dries quickly, the samples were fastened to a metal holder. Ten randomly chosen patches of the surface, each measuring 15 × 15 µm, were taken from every sample and examined (N = 500). RESULTS The mean values of roughness average (Ra) in category 1, category 2, category 3, category 4 and category 5 were 23.08 ± 17.66, 26.78 ± 5.65, 26.66 ± 3.89, 9.71 ± 0.29 and 11.29 ± 2.12 respectively. The values of Ra representing SR were greatest in category 3 (HANT wires) followed by category 2 (Damon wires) while values of SR were minimum in category 4 (NiTi wires) and category 5 (stainless steel wires). The findings had statistical significance also. CONCLUSION The SR of stainless steel wire was discovered to be less than that of the other wires. The SR may have an impact on the efficiency of sliding mechanics as well as the appeal and corrosion resistance of orthodontic components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ashique Abdulhameed
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND
| | - Brijesh S
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Mar Baselios Dental College, Ernakulam, IND
| | - Jose Sunny
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Al Azhar Dental College, Thodupuzha, IND
| | - Dwijesh S Goswami
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Ahemdabad Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Nevin Abraham
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvalla, IND
| | - Marie Asha Ambroise
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sri Venkateshwaraa Dental College, Puducherry, IND
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Alhotan A, Raszewski Z, Chojnacka K, Mikulewicz M, Kulbacka J, Alaqeely R, Mirdad A, Haider J. Evaluating the Translucency, Surface Roughness, and Cytotoxicity of a PMMA Acrylic Denture Base Reinforced with Bioactive Glasses. J Funct Biomater 2023; 15:16. [PMID: 38248683 PMCID: PMC10817461 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The colonisation of the surface of removable acrylic dentures by various types of microorganisms can lead to the development of various diseases. Therefore, the creation of a bioactive material is highly desirable. This study aimed to develop a denture base material designed to release bioactive ions into the oral environment during use. Four types of bioactive glasses (BAG)-S53P4, Biomin F, 45S5, and Biomin C-were incorporated into the PMMA acrylic resin, with each type constituting 20 wt.% (10 wt.% non-silanised and 10% silanised) of the mixture, while PMMA acrylic resin served as the control group. The specimens were subsequently immersed in distilled water, and pH measurements of the aqueous solutions were taken every seven days for a total of 38 days. Additionally, surface roughness and translucency measurements were recorded both after preparation and following seven days of immersion in distilled water. The cytotoxicity of these materials on human fibroblast cells was evaluated after 24 and 48 h using Direct Contact and MTT assays. Ultimately, the elemental composition of the specimens was determined through energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. In general, the pH levels of water solutions containing BAG-containing acrylics gradually increased over the storage period, reaching peak values after 10 days. Notably, S53P4 glass exhibited the most significant increase, with pH levels rising from 5.5 to 7.54. Surface roughness exhibited minimal changes upon immersion in distilled water, while a slight decrease in material translucency was observed, except for Biomin C. However, significant differences in surface roughness and translucency were observed among some of the BAG-embedded specimens under both dry and wet conditions. The composition of elements declared by the glass manufacturer was confirmed by EDX analysis. Importantly, cytotoxicity analysis revealed that specimens containing BAGs, when released into the environment, did not adversely affect the growth of human gingival fibroblast cells after 48 h of exposure. This suggests that PMMA acrylics fabricated with BAGs have the potential to release ions into the environment and can be considered biocompatible materials. Further clinical trials are warranted to explore the practical applications of these materials as denture base materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Mikulewicz
- Department of Dentofacial Orthopaedics and Orthodontics, Division of Facial Abnormalities, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių 5, 08410 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Razan Alaqeely
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Mirdad
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julfikar Haider
- Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ma C, Zheng F, Xu W, Liu W, Xu C, Chen Y, Sha J. Surface Roughness Effects on Confined Nanoscale Transport of Ions and Biomolecules. Small Methods 2023:e2301485. [PMID: 38150654 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Biological channels, especially membrane proteins, play a crucial role in metabolism, facilitating the transport of nutrients and other materials across cell membranes in a bio-electrolyte environment. Artificial nanopores are employed to study ion and biomolecule transport behavior inside. While the non-specific interaction between the nanopore surface and transport targets has garnered significant attention, the impact of surface roughness is overlooked. In this study, Nanopores with different levels of inner surface roughness is created by adjusting the FIB (Focus Ion Beam) fabrication parameters. Experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to demonstrate that greater roughness results from larger FIB beam currents and shorter processing times. Lower roughness increases the capture rate of biomolecules, while greater roughness enhances the normalized blockade current (ΔI/I0 ). The phenomenon of rougher nanopores are attributed to a barrier-dominated capture mechanism and more likely to induce DNA folding. This transport barrier exists in rough nanopores by utilizing steer molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations to investigate the force profile of a dA10 DNA molecule during translocation is demonstrated. This work illustrates how surface roughness influences the ionic current features and the translocation of biomolecules, paving a new way for tunning the molecule transport in nanopores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Fei Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Wei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Changhui Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Jingjie Sha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Roemermann DL, Atout R, Pesun I, Kelekis-Cholakis A, Stavropoulou C, Renvert SN, França R. An In Vivo Investigation of Non-Metallic vs. Metallic Hand Scalers on Zirconia Implant-Supported Crowns: A Year-Long Analysis of Peri-Implant Maintenance. J Funct Biomater 2023; 15:9. [PMID: 38248676 PMCID: PMC10817302 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether the degree of abutment surface modification that may occur with regular periodontal instrumentation has a clinical impact in terms of increased plaque accumulation and increased peri-implant tissue inflammation on zirconia implant abutments. Thirteen patients who had zirconia implant crowns were recruited in this randomized clinical trial. Each patient acted as their control and had either the buccal or lingual surface of their screw-retained implant restoration scaled with a metallic scaler and the other surface with a non-metallic scaler at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Cytokine testing of the peri-implant crevicular fluid was completed at 0, 3, and 12 months for IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, or IFNγ. Implant crowns were removed at 12 months and evaluated under an atomic force microscope for the average roughness (Ra). The implant crowns were polished and re-inserted. The results were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and post hoc tests were conducted with a significance level of α = 0.05. Significant differences in surface roughness (Ra) were observed between the metallic and non-metallic scalers. The median Ra values were 274.0 nm for metallic scalers and 147.1 nm for non-metallic scalers. However, there were no significant differences between the type of scaler used and the amount of clinical inflammation or cytokine production. Metallic scalers produced deeper, more aggressive surface alterations to the abutment/crown zirconia surface, but there was no statistically significant difference between the degree of surface alterations, amount of BOP, and the amplitude of cytokine inflammation produced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayna L. Roemermann
- Department of Dental Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (D.L.R.); (R.A.); (A.K.-C.); (C.S.)
| | - Reem Atout
- Department of Dental Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (D.L.R.); (R.A.); (A.K.-C.); (C.S.)
| | - Igor Pesun
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - Anastasia Kelekis-Cholakis
- Department of Dental Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (D.L.R.); (R.A.); (A.K.-C.); (C.S.)
| | - Chrysi Stavropoulou
- Department of Dental Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (D.L.R.); (R.A.); (A.K.-C.); (C.S.)
| | - Stefan N. Renvert
- Oral Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, 291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden;
| | - Rodrigo França
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Miyashita-Kobayashi A, Haruyama A, Nakamura K, Wu CY, Kuroiwa A, Yoshinari N, Kameyama A. Changes in Gloss Alteration, Surface Roughness, and Color of Direct Dental Restorative Materials after Professional Dental Prophylaxis. J Funct Biomater 2023; 15:8. [PMID: 38248675 PMCID: PMC10816376 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of optimizing dental care for patients who are elderly, the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the surface gloss (with a micro-area gloss meter) of, surface roughness (with a compact surface roughness measuring instrument) of, and color change (with a dental colorimeter) in two commercially available injectable resin-based composites (Estelite Universal Flow (EUF) and Beautifil Flow Plus F00 (BFP)) as well as two glass-ionomer cements (GC Fuji II LC CAPSULE (FLC) and GC Fuji IX GP EXTRA CAPSULE (FGP)), before and after dental prophylaxis. After 24 h, the surfaces of each specimen were polished at 2500 rpm with a prophy brush (Mersage Brush, Shofu) and one-step prophylaxis paste (Prophy Paste Pro, Directa): under 100 or 300 gf load, and for 10 or 30 s, 4× cycles of cleaning. After mechanical cleaning, conditions were found for a significant reduction in the gloss level (EUF, BFP, or FLC; p < 0.05) and a significant increase in surface roughness (BFP; 300 gf load, 10 s × four cycles of cleaning). Overall, the longer time or higher prophylaxis load tended to decrease the surface gloss. However, the observed change in surface roughness varied between the restorative materials. There was no color change post-prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Miyashita-Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan; (A.M.-K.); (C.-Y.W.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontology and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan;
| | - Akiko Haruyama
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology, and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
| | - Keigo Nakamura
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontology and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan;
| | - Chia-Ying Wu
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan; (A.M.-K.); (C.-Y.W.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontology and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan;
| | - Akihiro Kuroiwa
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan;
| | - Nobuo Yoshinari
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan; (A.M.-K.); (C.-Y.W.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontology and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Kameyama
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan; (A.M.-K.); (C.-Y.W.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontology and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lima KDC, Vivanco RG, Rodrigues PRB, Caetano ALP, Pires-de-Souza FDCP. Long-term effect of firing protocols on surface roughness and flexural strength of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:79-86. [PMID: 38133476 PMCID: PMC10759956 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of different firing protocols on the surface roughness and flexural strength of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LD) after aging methods. Forty-two LD bars of 16 x 4 x 2 mm (IPS e-max CAD, Ivoclar) were randomly separated into two groups according to firing protocols: Single firing-Staining, glazing, and crystallization in a single step; Multiple firings-Crystallization+First staining+Firing+Second staining+Firing+Glazing+Firing. After protocols, initial surface roughness readings were taken (Surfcorder SE1700, Kosakalab). Samples were then randomly separated into three groups (n=7) according to the aging methods they were submitted: Thermomechanical cycling (TMC, ER System, Erios, 1,200,000 cycles, 0.3 MPa, 2 Hz and 5°C/37°C/55°C, 30 s swell time); Simulated toothbrushing (STB, Pepsodent, MAVTEC, 73,000 cycles), and Control (no aging). Final surface roughness readings were done, and samples were submitted to a three-point bending test (OM100, Odeme Dental Research) and fractographic analysis by scanning electron microscopy (EVO-MA10, ZEISS). Data were analyzed (2-way ANOVA, (α=.05). There was no difference (p>.05) in the flexural strength between the firing protocols, regardless of the aging method. STB decreased the flexural strength of samples submitted to multiple firings, different from control (p<.05). Without aging (Control), before TMC, and after STB, LD had lower surface roughness when submitted to multiple firings than to single firing (p<.05). The firing protocols did not affect the flexural strength or the surface roughness of the lithium disilicate glass-ceramic, even after aging. However, toothbrushing negatively affected the flexural strength and smoothed the surface of the ceramic submitted to multiple firings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaíssa da Cunha Lima
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo. Av do Café s/n, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rocio Geng Vivanco
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo. Av do Café s/n, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Roberto Braz Rodrigues
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo. Av do Café s/n, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Pereira Caetano
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo. Av do Café s/n, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Labuda W, Wieczorska A, Charchalis A. The Influence of the Burnishing Process on the Change in Surface Hardness, Selected Surface Roughness Parameters and the Material Ratio of the Welded Joint of Aluminum Tubes. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:43. [PMID: 38203896 PMCID: PMC10780179 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents the effect of burnishing on the surface hardness, selected surface roughness parameters and material ratio of tubes made of an EN AW-6060 aluminum alloy after welding. The prepared specimens were subjected to a 141-TIG welding process, after which the surfaces to be burnished were given a finishing turning treatment with DURACARB's CCGT09T302-DL cutting insert to remove the weld face. After the turning process, the surface finish treatment was carried out by rolling burnishing, for which Yamato's SRMD burnishing tool was used. The surface hardness, selected surface roughness parameters and material ratio were then measured. An analysis of the results showed an increase in hardness in the surface layer, as well as an improvement in the analyzed surface roughness parameters and the material ratio of the native material and the weld.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Labuda
- Faculty of Marine Engineering, Gdynia Maritime University, Morska St. 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland; (A.W.); (A.C.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Qin C, Pan J, Guo L, Zhang C, Chen W, Hu Z, Jiang S, Chen X, Mao M. Experimental Study on Chemical-Mechanical Synergistic Preparation for Cemented Carbide Insert Cutting Edge. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 15:17. [PMID: 38276845 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Typical edge defects in the edge region of a new cemented carbide insert without edge preparation include burrs, poor surface quality, micro-breakages, and irregularities along the edge. To address the problems in new cemented carbide inserts without edge preparations, a chemical-mechanical synergistic preparation (CMSP) method for the cemented carbide insert cutting edge was proposed. Firstly, the CMSP device for the insert cutting edge was constructed. Then, the polishing slurry of the CMSP for the insert cutting edge was optimized using the Taguchi method combined with a grey relation analysis and fuzzy inference. Finally, orthogonal experiments, the Taguchi method, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to investigate the effect of the polishing plate's rotational speed, swing angle, and input frequency of the controller on the edge preparation process, and the parameters were optimized. The results showed that the best parameter combination for the polishing slurry for the cemented carbide inserts was the mass concentration of the abrasive particle of 10 wt%, the mass concentration of the oxidant of 10 wt%, the mass concentration of the dispersant of 2 wt%, and the pH of 8. The CMSP process parameter combination for the linear edge had the polishing plate's rotational speed of 90 rpm, the swing angle of 6°, and the input frequency of the controller of 5000 Hz. The optimum CMSP process parameter combination for the circular edge had the polishing plate's rotational speed of 90 rpm, the swing angle of 6°, and the input frequency of the controller of 7000 Hz. The polishing plate's rotational speed had the most significant impact on the edge preparation process, followed by the swing angle, and the effect of the input frequency of the controller was the smallest. This study demonstrated that CMSP is a potential way to treat the cemented carbide insert cutting edge in a tool enterprise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Qin
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Jian Pan
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Lei Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Wanli Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Zihua Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Shengqiang Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xiaogao Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Meijiao Mao
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang H, Zhang J, Lai J, Chen Y, Tian M, Pan G, Yang X, Qi Y. Nanoscale Surface Refinement of CoCrMo Alloy for Artificial Knee Joints via Chemical Mechanical Polishing. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:8. [PMID: 38203862 PMCID: PMC10779557 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we address the challenge of surface roughness in CoCrMo alloys, typically used in artificial knee joints, which can initiate a cascade of biological responses causing inflammation, osteolysis, joint instability, and increased susceptibility to infection. We propose the application of a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) technique, using an ecologically responsible slurry composed of 4 wt% SiO2, 0.3 wt% H2O2, 1.0 wt% glycine, and 0.05 wt% benzotriazole. Our innovative approach demonstrated significant improvements, achieving a material removal rate of 30.9 nm/min and reducing the arithmetic mean roughness from 20.76 nm to 0.25 nm, thereby enhancing the nanoscale surface quality of the artificial knee joint alloy. The smoother surface is attributed to a decrease in corrosion potential to 0.18 V and a reduction in corrosion current density from 9.55 µA/cm2 to 4.49 µA/cm2 with the addition of BTA, evidenced by electrochemical tests. Furthermore, the preservation of the phase structure of the CoCrMo alloy, as confirmed by XRD analysis and elemental mapping, ensures the structural integrity of the treated surfaces. These outcomes and our simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our CMP method in engineering surface treatments for artificial knee joints to optimize friction behavior and potentially extend their lifespans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanji Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300121, China;
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Jiangliang Zhang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Jinghui Lai
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Yilin Chen
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China;
| | - Mengqiang Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300121, China;
| | - Guofeng Pan
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Xueli Yang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Yuhang Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300121, China;
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nowakowski L, Blasiak S, Skrzyniarz M. Influence of the Relative Displacements and the Minimum Chip Thickness on the Surface Texture in Shoulder Milling. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7661. [PMID: 38138806 PMCID: PMC10744620 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The formation of surface texture in milling is a complex process affected by numerous factors. This paper focuses on the surface roughness of X37CrMoV51 steel machined by shoulder milling. The aim of the study was to develop a mathematical model to predict the surface roughness parameter Ra. The proposed model for predicting the surface roughness parameter Ra in shoulder milling takes into account the feed per tooth, fz, the corner radius, rε, and the actual number of inserts involved in the material removal process as well as hmin and D(ξ). The correlation coefficient between the theoretical and experimental data was high (0.96). The milling tests were carried out on a three-axis vertical milling machine using a square shoulder face mill. The geometric analysis of the face mill shows that at a feed rate of 0.04 mm/tooth, cutting was performed by three out of five inserts, and when the feed rate exceeded 0.12 mm/tooth, material was removed by all inserts. The minimum chip thickness parameter and the standard deviation of the relative displacement increased as the feed increased. Over the whole range of feeds per tooth, the displacement increased by 0.63 µm. Higher cutting speeds resulted in lower minimum chip thicknesses and the average standard deviation of the relative displacements for the whole range of cutting speeds was 2 μm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michal Skrzyniarz
- Department of Machine Design and Manufacturing Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, al. Tysiaclecia Panstwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland; (L.N.); (S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Teimouri R. Multiscale Modeling of a Chain Comprising Selective Laser Melting and Post-Machining toward Nanoscale Surface Finish. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7535. [PMID: 38138678 PMCID: PMC10744868 DOI: 10.3390/ma16247535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The generation of rough surfaces is an inherent drawback of selective laser melted (SLM) material that makes post-treatment operation a mandatory process to enhance its surface condition and service performance. However, planning an appropriate and optimized chain to attain the best surface finish needs an integrated simulation framework that includes physics of both additive manufacturing and post-processing. In the present work, an attempt is made to model the alternation of surface roughness which is produced by SLM and post-processed by milling and sequential surface burnishing. The framework includes a series of closed-form analytical solutions of all three processes embedded in a sequence where the output of the preceding operation is input of the sequential one. The results indicated that there is close agreement between the measured and predicted values of arithmetic surface roughness for both SLM material and the post-processed ones. It was also found that a nanoscale surface finish is obtained by finishing milling and single pass rolling at a static force of 1500 N. In addition, the results of the simulation showed that elimination of the milling process in the chain resulted in a six-times-longer production time that requires three times bigger rolling force compared to a chain with an included milling operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Teimouri
- Chair of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, John Pawła II, 31-864 Cracow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Almogbel L, Sadid-Zadeh R, Örgev A, Çakmak G, Li R. Flexural strength, surface roughness, and biofilm formation of ceramic-reinforced PEEK: An in vitro comparative study. J Prosthodont 2023. [PMID: 38057961 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This in vitro study aimed to compare flexural strength, surface roughness, and biofilm formation of ceramic-reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with conventionally heat-compressed and milled polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty strips (6.4 mm × 10 mm × 3 mm) and 30 discs (10 mm × 1 mm) were fabricated from a heat-compressed PMMA, milled PMMA, and ceramic-reinforced PEEK, 10 each. One surface of each sample was polished to mimic the laboratory procedure for denture base materials. Strips were then subjected to a three-point bend test using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5.0 mm/min. An optical profilometer was used to assess the Ra value (mm) of the discs on polished and unpolished sides. Biofilm formation behavior was analyzed by measuring the colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL of Candida albicans on the unpolished surface of the discs. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey multiple comparison tests were used to compare the flexural strength, Ra value, and biofilm formation of the studied materials (a = 0.05). RESULTS Ceramic-reinforced PEEK showed significantly higher flexural strength (178.2 ± 3.2 MPa) than milled PMMA (89.6 ± 0.8 MPa; p < 0.001) and heat-compressed PMMA (67.3 ± 5.3 MPa; p < 0.001). Ceramic-reinforced PEEK exhibited a significantly higher Ra value than the other groups on unpolished sides; however, the polishing process significantly reduced the Ra values of all studied groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in C. albicans adhesion among the groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The flexural strength of tested materials was within acceptable limits for clinical use as a denture base material. Ceramic-reinforced PEEK had the highest surface roughness; however, its similarity in biofilm formation to other groups indicates its clinical acceptability as denture base material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lolowh Almogbel
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramtin Sadid-Zadeh
- Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ahmet Örgev
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Gülce Çakmak
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kobayashi M, Koi K, Wiskoski S, Watanabe H, Lewis S, Ferracane JL. Isolated effect of filler particle size on surface properties of experimental resin composites before and after toothbrush abrasion. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2023; 35:1286-1292. [PMID: 37449726 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to isolate the relationship between filler size and the surface properties of roughness and gloss before and after toothbrush abrasion for experimental resin-based composites (RBCs) containing uniform spherical fillers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five experimental light-cured RBCs with different spherical filler sizes and three commercial RBCs were studied. Forty specimens were polished using silicon carbide papers. Gloss was measured after 0, 90, 180, and 360 min of simulated toothbrushing, and surface roughness was measured before and after 360 min of toothbrushing. Two-way ANOVA/Tukey's multiple comparison tests were used to compare the RBCs, and the correlation between particle size and surface roughness or gloss was also determined. RESULTS After polishing and toothbrushing, RBCs with smaller fillers exhibited significantly higher gloss and lower surface roughness, and RBCs with larger fillers exhibited lower gloss and higher surface roughness. A significant correlation was found between filler particle size and gloss and surface roughness both before and after toothbrush abrasion. CONCLUSIONS Gloss of RBCs containing fillers with larger particle sizes was significantly reduced. After toothbrushing abrasion, the surface roughness increased for all RBCs, except those containing the finest-sized fillers. The particle size of the filler is a critical determinant of the surface roughness and gloss of RBCs, after polishing and after toothbrushing. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Increased surface roughness caused by toothbrush abrasion reduces the gloss of resin-based composites. Resin-based composites containing finer fillers best maintain glossiness after routine tooth brushing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Division of Aesthetic Dentistry and Clinical Cariology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyono Koi
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sarah Wiskoski
- School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hidehiko Watanabe
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Steven Lewis
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jack L Ferracane
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lai X, Wang Y, Wang D, Zhao G, Yang Y. Research on Surface Integrity and Fatigue Properties in the Turning of TC17 Titanium Alloy Based on the Response Surface Method. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7180. [PMID: 38005109 PMCID: PMC10672935 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Titanium alloy parts are more and more widely used in the field of aerospace. In order to improve the service life of titanium alloy parts, the response surface method was used to study surface residual stress and roughness under different turning parameters. In addition, a mathematical model was established through multiple linear regression to determine the relationship between surface integrity parameters and fatigue life. The test results indicate that the turning parameters have an effect on surface residual stress in the order of feed rate > depth of cut > cutting speed and on surface roughness in the order of feed rate > cutting speed > depth of cut. The analysis results of surface integrity show that the residual compressive stress on the surface has the greatest impact on fatigue life, followed by surface roughness. The fatigue life increases with the increase in residual compressive stress and decreases linearly with the increase in surface roughness. The feed rate has a significant impact on residual stress and surface roughness. Therefore, under the experimental conditions of this paper, the appropriate feed rate can be selected to ensure that the Ra < 2 μm and a large residual compressive stress is obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xunqing Lai
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; (X.L.); (D.W.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yuannan Wang
- Nanjing Mindray Biomedical Electronics Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210019, China;
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; (X.L.); (D.W.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guolong Zhao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; (X.L.); (D.W.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yinfei Yang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; (X.L.); (D.W.); (G.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Çakmak G, Asadolahi NW, Schimmel M, Molinero-Mourelle P, Akay C, Donmez MB, Yilmaz B. Effect of coffee thermal cycling on the surface properties and stainability of additively manufactured denture base resins in different layer thicknesses. J Prosthodont 2023. [PMID: 37968565 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effect of coffee thermal cycling on surface roughness (Ra), Vickers microhardness (MH), and stainability of denture base resins additively manufactured in different layer thicknesses with those of subtractively manufactured denture base materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty disk-shaped specimens (Ø10×2 mm) were fabricated from two subtractively (Merz M-PM [SM-M] and G-CAM [SM-G]) and three additively (NextDent 3D+ [50 µm, AM-N-50; 100 µm, AM-N-100], FREEPRINT Denture [50 µm, AM-F-50; 100 µm, AM-F-100], and Denturetec [50 µm, AM-S-50; 100 µm, AM-S-100]) manufactured denture base materials (n = 10). Ra measurements were performed before and after polishing by using a non-contact optical profilometer, while MH values and color coordinates were measured after polishing. Specimens were then subjected to 5000 cycles of coffee thermal cycling, all measurements were repeated, and color differences (ΔE00) were calculated. A linear mixed effect model was used to analyze Ra and MH data, while one-way analysis of variance was used to analyze ΔE00 data (α = 0.05). Ra values were further evaluated according to a clinically acceptable threshold of 0.2 µm, while ΔE00 values were evaluated according to perceptibility (1.72 units) and acceptability (4.08 units) thresholds. The interaction between the material type and the time interval affected both Ra and MH (p ≤ 0.001). Tested materials had their highest Ra before polishing (p ≤ 0.029). Before polishing, AM-F-100 had the highest, and SM-M and SM-G had the lowest Ra (p < 0.001). After polishing and after coffee thermal cycling, SM-G mostly had lower Ra than those of other materials (p ≤ 0.036). SM-G mostly had higher MH than that of other materials before and after coffee thermal cycling (p ≤ 0.025). Coffee thermal cycling reduced the MH of SM-M and increased that of AM-S-100 (p ≤ 0.024). AM-N-100 had higher ΔE00 than AM-F, AM-S-100, and SM-G (p ≤ 0.009), while AM-F and SM-G had lower ΔE00 than AM-S-50 and AM-N-50 (p ≤ 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Polishing reduced the surface roughness of all materials, whereas the effect of coffee thermal cycling was nonsignificant. Most of the tested materials had acceptable surface roughness after polishing and after coffee thermal cycling according to the reported threshold. Layer thickness only affected the microhardness of tested additively manufactured resins, which was material-dependent. Subtractively manufactured specimens mostly had high microhardness and that of nonreinforced subtractively manufactured resin decreased after coffee thermal cycling. When reported color thresholds are considered, all materials had acceptable color stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gülce Çakmak
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nura Watson Asadolahi
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schimmel
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Molinero-Mourelle
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Canan Akay
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fouda SM, Gad MM, Ellakany P, El Zayat M, Farooqi FA, Akhtar S, Salah El-Din M. Influence of denture brushing on the surface properties and color stability of CAD-CAM, thermoformed, and conventionally fabricated denture base resins. J Prosthodont 2023. [PMID: 37953735 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the influence of denture brushing on the surface roughness, hardness, and color stability of conventional, thermoformed, and CAD-CAM denture base materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven different denture base materials were included in this study; conventional heat-polymerized acrylic resin (PMMA) served as control, polyamide, acetal, two categories of milled acrylic discs (AvaDent and IvoCad), and two categories of 3D-printed resins (NextDent and FormLabs). The specimens were constructed according to manufacturers' instructions and then subjected to simulated brushing (20,000 cycles). According to the brushing method, the specimens were split into three groups, no brushing, brushing with water, and brushing with toothpaste. Surface roughness, hardness, and color change were evaluated before and after brushing. Collected data were analyzed using ANOVA, and post-hoc Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS A significant difference was noted between the surface roughness of the tested materials before and after denture brushing (p < 0.05), and milled resin showed the least Ra values. Denture brushing with water significantly increased the Ra of PMMA (p = 0.004) and IvoCad (p = 0.032), while brushing using toothpaste did not show a significant increase. The brushing protocols did not alter the hardness of tested materials except that of PMMA (p = 0.001). The color stability of the tested materials showed comparable results with both brushing protocols. CONCLUSION The tested properties showed variations between the types of denture base resins. Hardness and color stability of CAD-CAM and thermoformed denture base resins were not altered by denture brushing and showed comparable results with both brushing methods. Surface roughness was the only property that showed alteration after denture brushing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai El Zayat
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faraz A Farooqi
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Salah El-Din
- Prosthodontics Department, Alexandria University Main Hospitals, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|